How do we safely study living brains? - John Borghi and Elizabeth Waters

505,641 views

2018-04-26 ใƒป TED-Ed


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How do we safely study living brains? - John Borghi and Elizabeth Waters

505,641 views ใƒป 2018-04-26

TED-Ed


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Dongeun Shin ๊ฒ€ํ† : Won Jang
"๊ฐ•์•„์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋นจ๊ฐ›๊ณ , ์‚ฌ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋ƒ„์ƒˆ๋‚˜๊ณ , ์ข…๋‹ฌ์ƒˆ๊ฐ€ ๋…ธ๋ž˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑด ๋ชจ๋‘
๋‡Œ ์•ˆ์—์„œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ์ผ์ด๋‹ค." -์˜ค์Šค์นด ์™€์ผ๋“œ
00:11
As far as we know,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋กœ๋Š”
00:13
thereโ€™s only one thing in our solar system sophisticated enough to study itself:
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ํƒœ์–‘๊ณ„์—์„œ ์ž๊ธฐ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•  ๋งŒํผ ์ •๊ตํ•œ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์€ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ๋ฐ–์— ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:19
the human brain.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋‡Œ์ด์ฃ .
00:21
But this self-investigation is incredibly challenging;
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‡Œ๋ฅผ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ž€ ์ •๋ง ์–ด๋ ค์šด ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:24
a living brain is shielded by a thick skull,
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์‚ด์•„์žˆ๋Š” ๋‡Œ๋Š” ๋‘๊บผ์šด ๋‘๊ฐœ๊ณจ๋กœ ๋ณดํ˜ธ๋ฐ›๊ณ ์žˆ๊ณ 
00:27
swaddled in layers of protective tissue,
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๋ณดํ˜ธ์„ฑ์˜ ์กฐ์ง์œผ๋กœ ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ์‹ธ์—ฌ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
00:30
and made up of billions of tiny, connected cells.
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์ˆ˜ ์‹ญ ์–ต ๊ฐœ์˜ ์ž‘๊ณ  ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋œ ์„ธํฌ๋“ค๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:33
Thatโ€™s why itโ€™s so difficult to isolate, observe, and understand diseases
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์ด๊ฒŒ ์•Œ์ธ ํ•˜์ด๋จธ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์งˆ๋ณ‘์„ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•˜๊ณ 
00:38
like Alzheimerโ€™s.
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์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ์ด์œ ์ด์ฃ .
00:39
So how do we study living brains without harming their owners?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์‚ด์•„์žˆ๋Š” ๋‡Œ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์น˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
00:44
We can use a trio of techniques called EEG,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ˆ  3์ธ๋ฐฉ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” EEG
00:47
fMRI,
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fMRI
00:48
and PET.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  PET๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:49
Each measures something different and has its own strengths and weaknesses,
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๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํŠน์ง•์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ €๋งˆ๋‹ค ๊ฐ•์ ๊ณผ ์•ฝ์ ์ด ์žˆ๊ธฐ์—
00:53
and weโ€™ll look at each in turn.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ฐจ๋ก€๋กœ ์ด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋“ค์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:55
First is EEG, or electroencephalography,
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์šฐ์„  EEG ํ˜น์€ ๋‡ŒํŒŒ ์ „์œ„ ๊ธฐ๋ก์ˆ ์€
00:59
which measures electrical activity in your brain.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ๋‡Œ์˜ ์ „๊ธฐ์ ์ธ ํ™œ์„ฑ์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:03
As brain cells communicate, they produce waves of electricity.
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๋‡Œ์„ธํฌ๋“ค์€ ์ „ํŒŒ๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•ด ์˜์‚ฌ์†Œํ†ตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:07
Electrodes placed on the skull pick up these waves,
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๋‘๊ฐœ๊ณจ์— ์œ„์น˜ํ•œ ์ „๊ทน์€ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํŒŒ๋™์„ ์ˆ˜์‹ ํ•˜๊ณ 
01:10
and differences in the signals detected between electrodes
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์ „๊ทน ์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ ๊ฒ€์ถœ๋œ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์‹ ํ˜ธ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋“ค์€
01:14
provide information about whatโ€™s happening.
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๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:17
This technique was invented almost 100 years ago,
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EEG๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ 100๋…„ ์ „์— ๋ฐœ๋ช…๋˜์–ด
01:20
and itโ€™s still used to diagnose conditions like epilepsy and sleep disorders.
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๊ฐ„์งˆ๊ณผ ์ˆ˜๋ฉด์žฅ์• ๋ฅผ ์ง„๋‹จํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:25
Itโ€™s also used to investigate what areas of the brain are active
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๋˜ํ•œ ํ•™์Šตํ•˜๊ณ  ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ
01:28
during learning or paying attention.
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๋‡Œ์˜ ์–ด๋Š ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”๋˜๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ๋„ ์ด์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:31
EEG is non-invasive,
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EEG๋Š” ๋น„์นจํˆฌ์„ฑ์ด๊ณ 
01:32
relatively inexpensive,
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์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋น„์‹ธ์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉฐ
01:34
and fast:
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๋น ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:36
it can measure changes that occur in just milliseconds.
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์ด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์€ ๋‹จ์ง€ ๋ช‡ ๋ฐ€๋ฆฌ ์ดˆ ๋‚ด์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋„ ๊ฐ์ง€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
01:39
Unfortunately, itโ€™s hard to determine
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๋ถˆํ–‰ํžˆ๋„ ์–ด๋””์„œ ํŠน์ •ํ•œ ํŒจํ„ด์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ
01:41
exactly where any particular pattern originates.
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์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ์•Œ์•„๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฑด ์–ด๋ ต์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:45
Electrical signals are generated constantly all over the brain
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์ „๊ธฐ์  ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋Š” ๋‡Œ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ถ€์œ„์—์„œ ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋ฉฐ,
01:48
and they interact with each other to produce complex patterns.
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋“ค์€ ์„œ๋กœ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ํŒจํ„ด์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:52
Using more electrodes or sophisticated data-processing algorithms can help.
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๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์ „๊ทน์ด๋‚˜ ์ •๊ตํ•œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์ด ๋„์›€์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ๋„ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
01:57
But in the end, while EEG can tell you precisely when certain activity occurs,
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๊ฒฐ๊ตญ์—๋Š” EEG๋Š” ์–ธ์ œ ํŠน์ •ํ•œ ํ™œ์„ฑ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ์•Œ๋ ค์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ง€
02:03
it canโ€™t tell you precisely where.
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์–ด๋””์„œ ์ „๊ธฐ ์‹ ํ˜ธ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ์•Œ๋ ค์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฑด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:06
To do that, youโ€™d need another technique,
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์–ด๋””์„œ ์‹ ํ˜ธ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด
02:08
such as functional magnetic resonance imaging, or fMRI.
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๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์  ์ž๊ธฐ๊ณต๋ช… ์˜์ƒ๋ฒ• , ์ฆ‰ fMRI์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:13
fMRI measures how quickly oxygen is consumed by brain cells.
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fMRI๋Š” ๋‡Œ์„ธํฌ๊ฐ€ ์†Œ๋น„ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฐ์†Œ์˜ ์–‘์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:17
Active areas of the brain use oxygen more quickly.
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๋‡Œ์—์„œ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”๋œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ์‚ฐ์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋” ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์†Œ๋ชจํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:21
So watching an fMRI scan while a person completes cognitive or behavioral tasks
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด๋‚˜ ํ–‰๋™์„ ํ•  ๋•Œ fMRI๋กœ ์ฐ์€ ์˜์ƒ์„ ๋ณด๋ฉด
02:26
can provide information about which regions of the brain might be involved.
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๋‡Œ์—์„œ ์–ด๋–ค ์˜์—ญ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฐ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:30
That allows us to study everything from how we see faces
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๋•๋ถ„์— ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์–ผ๊ตด์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ธ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€์—์„œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ
02:33
to how we understand what weโ€™re feeling.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋Š๋‚€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š”์ง€์™€ ๊ฐ™์€๊ฒƒ์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:36
fMRI can pinpoint differences in brain activity to within a few millimeters,
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fMRI๋Š” ์ˆ˜ ๋ฐ€๋ฆฌ๋ฏธํ„ฐ ๋‚ด์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ๋‡Œ ํ™œ๋™์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ง‘์–ด๋‚ด์ง€๋งŒ
02:41
but itโ€™s thousands of times slower than EEG.
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EEG์— ๋น„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์ˆ˜ ์ฒœ ๋ฐฐ ๋Š๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:44
Using the two techniques together
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์ด ๋‘ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ์จ
02:46
can help show when, and where, neural activity is occurring.
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์–ธ์ œ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์–ด๋””์„œ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„์˜ ํ™œ์„ฑ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ด€์ฐฐ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:50
The third, even more precise, technique is called positron emission tomography
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ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ์ •๋ฐ€ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ์„ธ ๋ฒˆ ์งธ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์€ ์–‘์ „์ž ๋ฐฉ์ถœ ๋‹จ์ธต ์ดฌ์˜์ˆ ์ด๋ผ ๋ถˆ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:56
and it measures radioactive elements introduced into the brain.
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์ด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์€ ๋‡Œ์— ์ฃผ์‚ฌ๋œ ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ์„ฑ ์›์†Œ๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:00
That sounds much scarier than it actually is;
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์–ธ๋œป ๋“ฃ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋ฌด์„ญ๊ฒŒ ๋“ค๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:03
PET scans, like fMRI and EEG, are completely safe.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ PET ์Šค์บ”์€ fMRI์™€ EEG๊ณผ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ์™„๋ฒฝํžˆ ์•ˆ์ „ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:08
During a PET scan, a small amount of radioactive material called a tracer
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PET๋กœ ์Šค์บ”ํ•˜๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ ์ถ”์ ์ž๋ผ ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์†Œ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ์„ฑ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์„
03:13
is injected into the bloodstream,
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ํ˜ˆ๋ฅ˜๋กœ ์ฃผ์ž…ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ
03:15
and doctors monitor its circulation through the brain.
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์˜์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋‡Œ๋กœ ์œ ์ž…๋˜๋Š” ์ถ”์ ์ž์˜ ์ˆœํ™˜์„ ๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:19
By modifying the tracer to bind to specific molecules,
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์ถ”์ ์ž๋ฅผ ํŠน์ • ๋ถ„์ž์™€ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•˜๋„๋ก ๋ณ€ํ˜•ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์„ ํ†ตํ•ด
03:22
researchers can use PET to study the complex chemistry in our brains.
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์—ฐ๊ตฌ์›๋“ค์€ ๋‡Œ ์•ˆ์˜ ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ํ™”ํ•™์„ฑ๋ถ„์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ PET๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:27
Itโ€™s useful for studying how drugs affect the brain
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์ด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์€ ์•ฝ๋ฌผ์ด ๋‡Œ์— ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์ง€๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ 
03:29
and detecting diseases like Alzheimerโ€™s.
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์•Œ์ธ ํ•˜์ด๋จธ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์งˆ๋ณ‘์„ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์œ ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:32
But this technique has the lowest time resolution of all
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ PET๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๋ถ„์„ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์˜ค๋ž˜ ๊ฑธ๋ฆฌ๋Š”๋ฐ
03:36
because it takes minutes for the tracer to circulate and changes to show up.
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์ถ”์ ์ž๊ฐ€ ์ˆœํ™˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๊ฑธ๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:40
These techniques collectively help doctors and scientists
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋“ค์ด ๋ณตํ•ฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์–ด ์˜์‚ฌ์™€ ๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค์ด
03:44
connect what happens in the brain with our behavior.
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๋‡Œ์—์„œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ์ผ๊ณผ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ํ–‰๋™์„ ๋Œ€์‘์‹œํ‚ค๋Š”๋ฐ ๋„์›€์„ ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:47
But theyโ€™re also limited by how much we still don't know.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค๋„ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ถ„ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ œํ•œ์„ ๋ฐ›์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:51
For example, let's say researchers are interested in studying how memory works.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์›๋“ค์ด ๊ธฐ์–ต์˜ ์ž‘๋™๋ฐฉ์‹์— ๊ด€์‹ฌ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
03:55
After asking 50 participants to memorize a series of images while in MRI scanners,
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50๋ช…์˜ ํ”ผ์‹œํ—˜์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ MRI ์Šค์บ”์ค‘ ์ผ๋ จ์˜ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์„ ์™ธ์šฐ๋„๋กํ•œ ํ›„์—
04:00
the researchers might analyze the results
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์—ฐ๊ตฌ์›๋“ค์ด ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๋ฉด
04:03
and discover a number of active brain regions.
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๋‡Œ์˜ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ํ™œ์„ฑํ™” ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:05
Making a link between memory and specific parts of the brain
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๊ธฐ์–ต๊ณผ ๋‡Œ์˜ ํŠน์ • ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ๋Œ€์‘์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ์ผ์€
04:09
is an important step forward.
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์•ž์œผ๋กœ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:11
But future research would be necessary
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š”
04:12
to better understand whatโ€™s happening in each region,
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๋‡Œ ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ๋ถ€์œ„์—์„œ ๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š”์ง€
04:15
how they work together,
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ ๋ถ€์œ„๋“ค์ด ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€
04:17
and whether the activity is because of their involvement in memory
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์˜์—ญ์˜ ํ™œ์„ฑ์ด ๊ธฐ์–ต๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ธ์ง€
04:20
or another process occurring simultaneously.
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ๋™์‹œ์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ˜„์ƒ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ธ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋” ์ž˜ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:23
More advanced imaging and analysis technology
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๋” ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋œ ์˜์ƒ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ณผ ๋ถ„์„ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์€
04:26
might one day provide more accurate results
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์–ธ์  ๊ฐ€ ๋” ์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ 
04:29
and even distinguish
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์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด๋Š” ๋‹จ์ผ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ ์„ธํฌ ํ™œ์„ฑ์„
04:30
the activity of individual neurons.
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๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:33
Until then, our brains will keep measuring, analyzing, and innovating
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๊ทธ๋‚ ์ด ์˜ฌ ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋‡Œ๋Š” ์ด์ œ๊ป ๋งž๋‹ฅ๋œจ๋ฆฐ ๋‚œ์ œ ์ค‘
04:37
in pursuit of that quest to understand
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๋‹ตํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
04:39
one of the most remarkable things weโ€™ve ever encountered.
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์ธก์ •๊ณผ ๋ถ„์„ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ˜์‹ ์„ ๊ณ„์†ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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