The most dangerous elements on the periodic table - Shannon Odell

456,034 views ・ 2024-08-06

TED-Ed


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: Yeseul Kang κ²€ν† : Hyeona Seo
00:07
From 1952 to 1953, Sydney detectives investigated
0
7045
4963
1952λ…„λΆ€ν„° 1953λ…„κΉŒμ§€
μ‹œλ“œλ‹ˆ ν˜•μ‚¬λ“€μ€ μ„œλ‘œ 관련이 μ—†μ§€λ§Œ
00:12
a staggering number of murder and attempted murder cases
1
12008
3336
μ–΄λ–€ 곡톡점을 κ³΅μœ ν•˜λŠ” μ—„μ²­λ‚œ 수의 살인 및 살인 미수 사건을
00:15
that were unrelated yet shared a common element:
2
15344
2628
μ‘°μ‚¬ν•˜κ²Œ λμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:18
thallium poisoning.
3
18139
1585
그건 λ°”λ‘œ νƒˆλ₯¨ μ€‘λ…μ΄μ—ˆμ£ .
00:20
The secret to thallium toxicity lies in its structural similarity to potassiumβ€”
4
20433
4588
νƒˆλ₯¨μ˜ 독성은
μΉΌλ₯¨κ³Ό ꡬ쑰적으둜 μœ μ‚¬ν•˜λ‹€λŠ” 것에 κ·Έ 비밀이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:25
an element that helps regulate the body's fluids,
5
25146
2502
μΉΌλ₯¨μ€ 체앑 쑰절,
00:27
initiate muscle contraction, and transmit nerve signals.
6
27648
3212
근윑 μˆ˜μΆ• 촉진, μ‹ κ²½ μ‹ ν˜Έ 전달을 λ•λŠ” μ„±λΆ„μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:31
If even a small amount of thallium sneaks its way into the bodyβ€”
7
31486
3795
μ†ŒλŸ‰μ˜ νƒˆλ₯¨μ΄λΌλ„ μ˜€μ—Όλœ μ°¨λ‚˜ 케이크 ν•œ 쑰각을 톡해
00:35
for example, through a tainted tea or a slice of cakeβ€”
8
35281
3170
λͺΈ μ•ˆμœΌλ‘œ λͺ°λž˜ λ“€μ–΄μ˜€κ²Œ 되면
00:38
it easily supplants potassium,
9
38576
1960
μΉΌλ₯¨μ„ μ‰½κ²Œ λŒ€μ²΄ν•˜μ—¬
00:40
causing the body to slowly and painfully shut down.
10
40536
3295
λͺΈμ΄ 천천히 그리고 κ³ ν†΅μŠ€λŸ½κ²Œ κΈ°λŠ₯을 λ©ˆμΆ”κ²Œ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:44
At the time, thallium's risks were well known,
11
44207
2586
λ‹Ήμ‹œμ— νƒˆλ₯¨μ˜ μœ„ν—˜μ„±μ€ 이미 잘 μ•Œλ €μ Έ μžˆμ—ˆλŠ”λ°λ„,
00:47
so how were the perpetrators able to get their hands on such a lethal element?
12
47001
3921
κ°€ν•΄μžλ“€μ€ μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ 그런 치λͺ…적인 μ›μ†Œλ₯Ό 손에 넣을 수 μžˆμ—ˆμ„κΉŒμš”?
00:51
And thallium isn't the only dangerous element on the periodic table.
13
51172
3879
μ£ΌκΈ°μœ¨ν‘œμ—μ„œ μœ„ν—˜ν•œ μ›μ†ŒλŠ” νƒˆλ₯¨λΏλ§Œμ΄ μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:55
Within this tabular array loom several potential threats,
14
55218
3461
ν‘œ ν˜•μ‹μ˜ λ°°μ—΄ μ•ˆμ—λŠ” λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ 잠재적 μœ„ν—˜μ΄ 도사리고 μžˆλŠ”λ°,
00:58
each with their own unique method of imposing destruction.
15
58679
2962
각각의 κ³ μœ ν•œ λ°©μ‹μœΌλ‘œ 파괴λ₯Ό μ΄ˆλž˜ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:01
Some elements, like thallium, are dangerous due to their toxicity.
16
61849
4004
λ¨Όμ €, νƒˆλ₯¨κ³Ό 같은 일뢀 μ›μ†Œλ“€μ€ 독성 λ•Œλ¬Έμ— μœ„ν—˜ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:06
Once they enter the body,
17
66020
1376
일단 체내에 λ“€μ–΄μ˜€λ©΄,
01:07
they wreak havoc on the biological systems that keep us alive.
18
67396
3254
우리의 생λͺ…을 μœ μ§€ν•˜λŠ” 생물학적 μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμ— 큰 ν”Όν•΄λ₯Ό μž…νž™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:11
Lead, for example, switches places with the body's essential metals like calcium,
19
71109
4421
예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄, 납은 칼슘과 같은 μ‹ μ²΄μ˜ ν•„μˆ˜ κΈˆμ†κ³Ό 자리λ₯Ό λ°”κΎΈμ–΄
01:15
in turn disrupting neuronal communication in the brain.
20
75530
2919
λ‡Œμ˜ λ‰΄λŸ° μ‹ ν˜Έ 전달을 λ°©ν•΄ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:18
Traveling through the bloodstream, it also generates toxic levels of molecules
21
78825
4170
λ˜ν•œ 납이 혈λ₯˜λ₯Ό 톡해 μ΄λ™ν•˜λŠ” λ™μ•ˆ 독성 λΆ„μžκ°€ μƒμ„±λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:22
known as reactive oxygen species, which over time can stress and kill cells.
22
82995
4922
이것은 β€˜ν™œμ„± μ‚°μ†Œμ’…β€™μœΌλ‘œ μ•Œλ €μ Έ μžˆλŠ”λ°,
μ‹œκ°„μ΄ 지남에 따라 세포에 슀트레슀λ₯Ό μ£Όκ³  세포λ₯Ό 죽일 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:28
Mercury's toxicity was made famous in the 19th century
23
88042
3629
μˆ˜μ€μ˜ 독성은 19세기에 λ“€μ–΄μ„œ 많이 μ•Œλ €μ§€κ²Œ λμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:31
due to its widespread use in felt hat production.
24
91671
2794
μ΄λ•Œ μˆ˜μ€μ΄ 펠트 λͺ¨μžλ₯Ό μƒμ‚°ν•˜λŠ” 데 널리 μ‚¬μš©λκΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:35
Prolonged exposure made hat makers ill
25
95133
2544
μž₯κΈ°κ°„ μˆ˜μ€μ— λ…ΈμΆœλœ λͺ¨μž μ œμž‘μžλ“€μ€ 병을 μ•“κ²Œ λ˜μ—ˆκ³ 
01:37
with what was later known as "Mad Hatter" disease,
26
97677
2752
후에 β€œλ―ΈμΉœ λͺ¨μž μž₯수 λ³‘β€μœΌλ‘œ μ•Œλ €μ§„ 이 μ§ˆλ³‘μ€
01:40
with symptoms that included personality changes,
27
100805
2836
성격 λ³€ν™”, 감정 μž₯μ• , λ–¨λ¦Ό λ“±μ˜ 증상을 λ™λ°˜ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:43
emotional disturbances, and tremors.
28
103641
2461
01:46
Mercury is quick to react with certain parts of proteins
29
106936
2711
μˆ˜μ€μ€ λͺΈ μ „μ²΄μ—μ„œ λ°œκ²¬λ˜λŠ”
νŠΉμ • λ‹¨λ°±μ§ˆ λΆ€μœ„μ— λΉ λ₯΄κ²Œ λ°˜μ‘ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:49
found throughout the body.
30
109647
1251
01:50
And upon binding, mercury twists the proteins into different shapes,
31
110898
4255
μˆ˜μ€μ€ λ‹¨λ°±μ§ˆκ³Ό κ²°ν•©ν•˜λ©΄ λ‹¨λ°±μ§ˆμ„ λ‹€λ₯Έ λͺ¨μ–‘μœΌλ‘œ λΉ„ν‹€μ–΄
01:55
rendering them useless.
32
115153
1376
μ“Έλͺ¨ μ—†κ²Œ λ§Œλ“­λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:57
Some elements are dangerous because of how they respond, react, or even explode
33
117196
4922
그리고 또 λ‹€λ₯Έ λͺ‡λͺ‡ μ›μ†Œλ“€μ΄ μœ„ν—˜ν•œ μ΄μœ λŠ”
μ™ΈλΆ€ ν™˜κ²½μ— λŒ€μ‘ λ˜λŠ” λ°˜μ‘ν•˜κ±°λ‚˜ 심지어 ν­λ°œν•˜λŠ” 방식 λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:02
in the outside environment.
34
122118
1334
02:03
Top reactive elements reside in the first column of the periodic table
35
123578
4212
λ°˜μ‘μ„±μ΄ κ°€μž₯ 높은 μ›μ†ŒλŠ” μ£ΌκΈ°μœ¨ν‘œμ˜ 첫 번째 열에 μžˆλŠ”λ°
02:07
and are known as alkali metals.
36
127790
1919
μ•ŒμΉΌλ¦¬ κΈˆμ†μœΌλ‘œ μ•Œλ €μ Έ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:10
They're rarely found in their pure elemental form,
37
130042
2378
μ•ŒμΉΌλ¦¬ κΈˆμ†μ€ μˆœμˆ˜ν•œ μ›μ†Œ ν˜•νƒœλ‘œλŠ” 거의 λ°œκ²¬λ˜μ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:12
as alkalis readily donate the single electron in their outer shell
38
132420
4171
μ•ŒμΉΌλ¦¬λŠ” μ™ΈλΆ€ κ»μ§ˆμ— μžˆλŠ” 단일 μ „μžλ₯Ό μ£Όλ³€ 물체에 μ‰½κ²Œ μ œκ³΅ν•˜μ—¬
02:16
to whatever's around to form more stable ionic compounds.
39
136591
3086
보닀 μ•ˆμ •μ μΈ 이온 화합물을 ν˜•μ„±ν•˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:19
This can lead to violent resultsβ€”
40
139886
1960
이둜 인해 μ‹¬κ°ν•œ κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό μ΄ˆλž˜ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:21
pure cesium, for example, bursts into flames when exposed to air,
41
141846
4254
예λ₯Ό λ“€λ©΄, 순수 μ„ΈμŠ˜μ€ 곡기에 λ…ΈμΆœλ˜λ©΄ 화염에 νœ©μ‹Έμ΄κ³ ,
02:26
and explodes when dropped in water.
42
146100
2252
물에 떨어지면 ν­λ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:28
Francium is likely the most reactive alkali
43
148936
2586
μ£ΌκΈ°μœ¨ν‘œμ—μ„œμ˜ μœ„μΉ˜λ₯Ό κΈ°μ€€μœΌλ‘œ 보면
02:31
based on its position in the periodic table,
44
151606
2210
ν”„λž€μŠ˜μ€ λ°˜μ‘μ„±μ΄ κ°€μž₯ 높은 μ•ŒμΉΌλ¦¬μΌ κ°€λŠ₯성이 λ†’μ§€λ§Œ
02:33
but we don't know for sure.
45
153816
1335
아직 ν™•μ‹€ν•˜μ§€λŠ” μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:35
With a half-life of 22 minutes at most,
46
155359
2586
ν”„λž€μŠ˜μ˜ λ°˜κ°κΈ°λŠ” 기껏해야 22λΆ„μ΄λ―€λ‘œ
02:37
it's thought that less than an ounce exists on Earth at any one time.
47
157945
3629
μ–Έμ œλ“  지ꡬ 상에 1 온슀 미만만이 μ‘΄μž¬ν•  κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ μƒκ°λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:42
But perhaps the most threatening elements are those that silently emit.
48
162575
3629
ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ•„λ§ˆλ„ κ°€μž₯ μœ„ν˜‘μ μΈ μ›μ†ŒλŠ” 쑰용히 λ°©μΆœλ˜λŠ” μ›μ†ŒμΌ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:46
Known as radioactive elements,
49
166746
1877
방사성 μ›μ†Œλ‘œ μ•Œλ €μ§„ 이 λ¬Όμ§ˆμ€
02:48
the substances readily release energy, or decay,
50
168748
3795
맀우 λΆˆμ•ˆμ •ν•œ ν•΅ ꡬ성 λ•Œλ¬Έμ—
02:52
due to their highly unstable nuclear composition.
51
172627
3044
μ‰½κ²Œ μ—λ„ˆμ§€λ₯Ό λ°©μΆœν•˜κ³  λΆ•κ΄΄λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:56
This reactive nature is what's harnessed to create
52
176047
2627
μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ λ°˜μ‘μ„±μ„ μ΄μš©ν•˜μ—¬
02:58
some of the world's most dangerous nuclear weapons.
53
178674
2753
μ„Έκ³„μ—μ„œ κ°€μž₯ μœ„ν—˜ν•œ 핡무기λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:01
Radioactive elements typically emit energy in the form of alpha particles,
54
181719
4129
방사성 μ›μ†ŒλŠ” 일반적으둜 μ•ŒνŒŒ μž…μž, 베타 μž…μž,
03:06
beta particles, neutrons, or electromagnetic radiation.
55
186015
3962
μ€‘μ„±μž λ˜λŠ” μ „μžκΈ° λ°©μ‚¬μ„ μ˜ ν˜•νƒœλ‘œ μ—λ„ˆμ§€λ₯Ό λ°©μΆœν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:10
While all dangerous,
56
190561
1502
λͺ¨λ“  방사성 μ›μ†Œκ°€ μœ„ν—˜ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ,
03:12
alpha particles, which consist of two neutrons and protons
57
192063
3420
두 개의 μ€‘μ„±μžμ™€ μ–‘μ„±μžκ°€
03:15
bound tightly together,
58
195483
1460
μ„œλ‘œ λ‹¨λ‹¨νžˆ κ²°ν•©λ˜μ–΄ μžˆλŠ” μ•ŒνŒŒ μž…μžλŠ”
03:16
can be particularly hazardous.
59
196943
1793
특히 더 μœ„ν—˜ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:19
Heavy and positively charged,
60
199195
1793
무겁고 μ–‘μ „ν•˜λ₯Ό λ λŠ” μ•ŒνŒŒ μž…μžκ°€ 체내에 μΉ¨νˆ¬ν•˜λ©΄,
03:21
if alpha particles find their way into the body,
61
201072
2544
03:23
they can easily bombard and kill any cell in their path.
62
203699
3087
이동 κ²½λ‘œμ— μžˆλŠ” λͺ¨λ“  세포λ₯Ό μ‰½κ²Œ ν”Όν­ν•˜κ³  죽일 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:27
In fact, it's theorized that a single gram of one alpha emitter, polonium,
63
207453
4963
사싀, μ•ŒνŒŒ 방좜체 ν΄λ‘œλŠ„ 단 1그램으둜
03:32
could kill upwards of 50 million people.
64
212541
2336
5천만 λͺ… μ΄μƒμ˜ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ„ 죽일 수 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 이둠이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:35
Polonium was first discovered by Marie Curie,
65
215294
3337
ν΄λ‘œλŠ„μ€ 마리 퀴리에 μ˜ν•΄ 처음 λ°œκ²¬λ˜μ—ˆλŠ”λ°
03:38
and tragically her daughter, researcher Irene Joliot-Curie,
66
218631
3962
λΉ„κ·Ήμ μ΄κ²Œλ„ 마리 ν€΄λ¦¬μ˜ λ”Έμ΄μž 연ꡬ원인 이렌 쑸리였 퀴리가
03:42
may have been one of its first victims after she was exposed in a lab accident.
67
222802
4337
μ‹€ν—˜μ‹€ 사고에 λ…ΈμΆœλ˜μ–΄ ν”Όν•΄λ₯Ό μž…μ€
ν¬μƒμž 쀑 ν•˜λ‚˜λΌκ³  μΆ”μΈ‘λ˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:47
Polonium is rare in nature with few commercial uses,
68
227807
3170
ν΄λ‘œλŠ„μ€ 상업적 μš©λ„κ°€ 거의 μ—†λŠ” ν¬κ·€ν•œ 물질이기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ—
03:50
so only a small amount is synthesized each year.
69
230977
2836
맀년 μ†ŒλŸ‰λ§Œ ν•©μ„±λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:54
Thallium, on the other hand, wasn't so difficult to find
70
234438
2878
λ°˜λ©΄μ— 1950λ…„λŒ€ 초 ν˜Έμ£Όμ—μ„œλŠ”
03:57
in the early 1950s in Austalia.
71
237316
2378
νƒˆλ₯¨μ„ μ°ΎκΈ°κ°€ 그리 어렡지 μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:59
At the time, Sydney was plagued with chronic rat infestations.
72
239860
3587
λ‹Ήμ‹œ μ‹œλ“œλ‹ˆλŠ” λ“€λ“λŠ” μ₯λ–Όμ˜ μŠ΅κ²©μ— μ‹œλ‹¬λ¦¬κ³  μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:03
And thallium was the main ingredient in the popular and cheap
73
243614
3379
νƒˆλ₯¨μ€ 인기 있고 μ €λ ΄ν•œ μ₯μ•½μ˜ μ£Όμ„±λΆ„μœΌλ‘œ μ‚¬μš©λ˜μ—ˆλŠ”λ°
04:06
rat poison called Thall-Rat.
74
246993
2127
λ°”λ‘œ β€˜νƒˆλž«β€™μ΄λΌλŠ” μ₯μ•½μ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:09
Thankfully, detectives were able to connect the dots,
75
249370
2669
λ‹€ν–‰μŠ€λŸ½κ²Œλ„ ν˜•μ‚¬λ“€μ€ 살인사건과 μ₯μ•½μ„ μ—°κ²°ν•  수 μžˆμ—ˆκ³ ,
04:12
and in 1953 Australian Parliament effectively banned all sale of thallium.
76
252039
5047
1953λ…„ 호주 μ˜νšŒλŠ” 사싀상 νƒˆλ₯¨μ˜ 판맀λ₯Ό μ „λ©΄ κΈˆμ§€ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7