How to speak monkey: The language of cotton-top tamarins - Anne Savage

426,018 views ・ 2014-06-26

TED-Ed


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: Jeong-Lan Kinser κ²€ν† : ν—ˆ 혁재
00:07
Living with her family high above the ground
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지상 μœ„μ˜ μ•„μ£Ό λ†’μ€κ³³μ—μ„œ κ·Έλ…€μ˜ κ°€μ‘±κ³Ό ν•¨κ»˜ μƒν™œν•˜λŠ”
00:10
in the northern tropical forests of Colombia,
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μ½œλ‘¬λΉ„μ•„μ˜ λΆλΆ€μ—΄λŒ€μˆ²μ—μ„œ,
00:13
you will find Shakira,
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ€ 샀킀라λ₯Ό,
00:15
a cotton-top tamarin with a penchant for conversation.
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λŒ€ν™”λ₯Ό μ•„μ£Ό μ’‹μ•„ν•˜λŠ” 비단털 νƒ€λ§ˆλ¦°μ„ λ°œκ²¬ν•  κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€,
00:19
Say, "Hola!"
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λ§ν•˜μ„Έμš”, "μ•ˆλ…•!"
00:22
Though you may not realize it,
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비둝 μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ κΉ¨λ‹«μ§€ λͺ»ν–ˆμ„ 수 μžˆμ§€λ§Œ,
00:23
this one pound monkey communicates
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이 1νŒŒμš΄λ“œμ˜ μ›μˆ­μ΄μ˜ μ˜μ‚¬μ†Œν†΅μ€
00:25
in a highly sophisticated language
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κ³ λ„λ‘œ μ •κ΅ν•œ μ–Έμ–΄λ‘œ
00:27
of 38 distinct calls
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38κ°€μ§€μ˜ 말을 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:30
based on variations of chirps and whistles.
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μšΈμŒμ†Œλ¦¬μ™€ 휘파람의 λ³€ν™”λ₯Ό 기반으둜 ν†΅μ‹ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:35
The response she just gave is
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κ·Έλ…€κ°€ 방금 μ€€ 응닡은
00:37
known as a "B chirp",
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"B μšΈμŒμ†Œλ¦¬"둜 μ•Œλ €μ§„,
00:38
a call often directed at humans.
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μΈκ°„μ—κ²Œ μ’…μ’… 보낸 λ§μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:41
To appreciate the complexities of Shakira's language,
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μƒ€ν‚€λΌμ˜ μ–Έμ–΄μ˜ λ³΅μž‘ν•¨μ„ 깊이 μ΄ν•΄ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄μ„œλŠ”,
00:44
let's learn a few chirps and whistles,
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λͺ‡κ°€μ§€μ˜ μšΈμŒμ†Œλ¦¬μ™€ νœ˜νŒŒλžŒμ„ λ°°μ›Œλ΄…μ‹œλ‹€,
00:47
then examine how their combinations
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κ·Έ λ‹€μŒ κ·Έκ²ƒλ“€μ˜ 쑰합이 μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ
00:49
form grammatically structured sequences.
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λ¬Έλ²•μ μœΌλ‘œ μ—°κ²°λœ ꡬ쑰λ₯Ό ν˜•μ„±ν•˜λŠ”μ§€λ₯Ό κ²€μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:52
The chirp Shakira used to greet us
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샀킀라가 우리λ₯Ό λ§žμ΄ν•˜κΈ°μœ„ν•΄ μ΄μš©ν•œ κ·Έ μšΈμŒμ†Œλ¦¬λŠ”
00:54
comes from a class of calls known as
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ν•™κ³„μ—μ„œ 잘 μ•Œλ €μ§„
00:56
single frequency modulated syllables.
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단일 주파수 λ³€μ‘° 음절이라고 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:00
This class is made up of short duration calls, or chirps,
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이 계톡은 짧은 μ‹œκ°„μ˜ μšΈμŒμ†Œλ¦¬λ˜λŠ”
01:04
and long duration calls, like screams and squeals.
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λΉ„λͺ…μ΄λ‚˜ κ½₯μ†Œλ¦¬μ²˜λŸΌ κΈ΄ μ‹œκ°„μ˜ μšΈμŒμ†Œλ¦¬λ‘œ 이루어져 있죠.
01:11
Researchers have determined that there are eight
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μ—°κ΅¬μžλ“€μ€ μšΈμŒμ†Œλ¦¬μ˜ λ‹€λ₯Έ μ’…λ₯˜λ₯Ό
01:13
different types of chirps categorized by
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8κ°€μ§€λ‘œ λΆ„λ₯˜ν–ˆλŠ”λ°,
01:15
stem upsweep, duration, peak frequency, and frequency change.
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κ°€νŒŒλ₯΄κ²Œ 올리기, 지속 μ‹œκ°„, μ΅œλŒ€ 주파수, 및 주파수 λ³€κ²½.
01:22
In addition, each chirp has its own unique meaning.
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λ˜ν•œ, 각각 μšΈμŒμ†Œλ¦¬λŠ” κ·Έ μžμ‹ μ˜ λ…νŠΉν•œ μ˜λ―Έκ°€ 있죠.
01:25
For example, Shakira's "C chirp" is used
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예λ₯Όλ“€μ–΄, μƒ€ν‚€λΌμ˜ "C μšΈμŒμ†Œλ¦¬"λŠ”
01:30
when she is approaching food,
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κ·Έλ…€κ°€ μŒμ‹μ— μ ‘κ·Όν•  λ•Œ μ΄μš©λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€,
01:32
where as her "D chirp" is only used
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κ·Έλ…€κ°€ "D μšΈμŒμ†Œλ¦¬"λŠ” 였직
01:36
when she has the food in hand.
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κ·Έλ…€κ°€ 손에 μŒμ‹μ„ μ₯μ—ˆμ„ λ•Œλ§Œ μ΄μš©λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:39
Single whistles also exhibit a unique intention with each call
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단일 νœ˜νŒŒλžŒμ€ λ˜ν•œ 각 호좜둜 λ…νŠΉν•œ μ˜λ„μ™€
01:43
and just as there are eight different chirps,
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단지 8κ°€μ§€μ˜ λ‹€λ₯Έ μšΈμŒμ†Œλ¦¬λŠ” μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 것을 μ „μ‹œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:45
there are five different whistles.
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5κ°€μ§€μ˜ λ‹€λ₯Έ 휘파람이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:47
Based on frequency modulation,
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주파수 변쑰에 κΈ°λ°˜μ„ 두어,
01:49
single whistles are subdivided into four categories:
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단일 νœ˜νŒŒλžŒμ€ 4개의 λ²”μ£Όλ‘œ μ„ΈλΆ„ν™” λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€:
01:53
squeaks, initially modulated whistles,
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μ°μ°λŒ€κΈ°, μ‹œμž‘λΆ€λΆ„μ΄ λ³€μ‘°λœ 휘파람,
01:59
terminally modulated whistles, and flat whistles.
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영ꡬ적으둜 λ³€μ‘°λœ 휘파람과 λ²ˆλ™μ—†λŠ” 휘파람이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:05
The language's quality of unique intention
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λ…νŠΉν•œ μ˜λ„μ˜ μ–Έμ–΄μ˜ μžμ§ˆμ€
02:07
is wonderfully exemplified by the category
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μ‹œμž‘λΆ€λΆ„μ΄ λ³€μ‘°λœ 휘파람의
02:09
of initially modulated whistles.
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범주에 μ˜ν•΄ λ©‹μ§„ μ˜ˆκ°€ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:12
These whistles change based on the proximity
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이 νœ˜νŒŒλžŒλ“€μ€ μƒ€ν‚€λΌμ˜
02:14
of Shakira to other members of her family.
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κ·Έλ…€μ˜ λ‹€λ₯Έ 가쑱듀에 λŒ€ν•œ 근접성에 κΈ°λ°˜μ„ 두어 λ³€κ²½λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:17
If Shakira is greater than .6 meters from her family,
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만일 샀킀라가 κ·Έλ…€μ˜ κ°€μ‘±μ—κ²Œμ„œ 0.6λ―Έν„° 보닀 더 λ–¨μ–΄μ Έ 있으면,
02:21
she'll sound a large initally modulated whistle.
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κ·Έλ…€λŠ” μ‹œμž‘λΆ€λΆ„μ΄ 크게 λ³€μ‘°λœ νœ˜νŒŒλžŒμ„ λ‚Ό κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:25
But if she's less than .6 meters from her family,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 만일 κ·Έλ…€κ°€ κ·Έλ…€μ˜ κ°€μ‘±μœΌλ‘œλΆ€ν„° 0.6λ―Έν„° 이내에 μžˆλ‹€λ©΄,
02:28
she'll sound a small initially modulated whistle.
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κ·Έλ…€λŠ” μ‹œμž‘λΆ€λΆ„μ΄ μž‘κ²Œ λ³€μ‘°λœ νœ˜νŒŒλžŒμ„ λ‚Ό κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:33
Now that we've learned a few chirps and whistles,
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이제 μš°λ¦¬κ°€ λͺ‡κ°€μ§€μ˜ μšΈμŒμ†Œλ¦¬μ™€ νœ˜νŒŒλžŒμ„ λ°°μ› μœΌλ‹ˆ
02:35
Shakira wants to show off by taking you
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샀킀라가 μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ—κ²Œ κ³Όμ‹œν•˜κ³  μ‹Άμ–΄ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€
02:37
through a quick day in her life with these calls.
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ„ 데렀가 κ·Έλ…€μ˜ 삢에 λΉ λ₯Έ ν•˜λ£¨λ₯Ό 톡해 이 μ†Œλ¦¬λ‘œ 말이죠.
02:40
While heading towards a feeding tree for her first meal of the day,
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κ·Έλ…€μ˜ κ·Έλ‚ μ˜ 첫 식사λ₯Ό μœ„ν•œ 먹이 λ‚˜λ¬΄λ‘œ ν–₯ν•˜λŠ” λ™μ•ˆ
02:44
she says, (monkey noise),
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κ·Έλ…€κ°€ λ§ν•˜μ£ , (μ›μˆ­μ΄ μ†ŒμŒ)
02:46
a call most often used in relaxed investigations.
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νŽΈμ•ˆν•œ μƒν™œμ—μ„œ κ°€μž₯ 자주 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ” μ†Œλ¦¬μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:50
However, suddenly she spots the shadow of a hawk.
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜, κ°‘μžκΈ° κ·Έλ…€λŠ” 맀의 그림자λ₯Ό λ°œκ²¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:54
"E chirp" for alarm.
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경보에 λŒ€ν•œ "E μšΈμŒμ†Œλ¦¬"μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:57
This call alerts her family to the presence of this predator,
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이 μ†Œλ¦¬λŠ” κ·Έλ…€μ˜ κ°€μ‘±μ—κ²Œ 이 ν¬μ‹μžμ˜ μΆœν˜„μ„ κ²½κ³ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€,
03:00
and Shakira jumps to the safety of an inner branch.
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그리고 μƒ€ν‚€λΌλŠ” μ•ˆμ „ν•œ λ‚΄λΆ€μ˜ κ°€μ§€λ‘œ μ ν”„ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:03
The coast seems clear,
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κ·Έ μœ„ν—˜μ΄ μ—†μ–΄μ§€λ©΄,
03:05
so Shakira makes her way towards her dad.
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μƒ€ν‚€λΌλŠ” κ·Έλ…€μ˜ μ•„λΉ λ₯Ό ν–₯ν•΄κ°‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:07
Wait, wait. Who is that?
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잠깐, 잠깐. κ±°κΈ° λˆ„κ΅¬μ„Έμš”?
03:09
Ah, it's her younger brother, Carlos.
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μ•„, 그건 κ·Έλ…€μ˜ 남동생, μΉ΄λ₯Όλ‘œμŠ€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:12
Cotton-top tamarins often squeal during play wrestling.
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비단털 νƒ€λ§ˆλ¦°μ€ 레슬링 놀이 λ™μ•ˆ μ’…μ’… λΉ„λͺ…을 μ§€λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:15
Uh-oh. He's playing a little too roughly, and Shakira screams,
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μ–΄---였. κ·Έ 남동생이 λ„ˆλ¬΄ 거칠게 놀고, 샀킀라라 λΉ„λͺ…을 μ§€λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:21
alerting her parents to help her.
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κ·Έλ…€μ˜ λΆ€λͺ¨λ‹˜μ—κ²Œ μ•Œλ¦¬λ©° κ·Έλ…€λ₯Ό 도와달라고 말이죠.
03:23
Her dad makes his way towards the ball of rolling fur
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κ·Έλ…€μ˜ μ•„λ²„μ§€λŠ” ꡬλ₯΄λŠ” 곡을 ν–₯ν•΄μ„œ 그의 길을 λ§Œλ“€κ³ 
03:26
and her brother stops.
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그리고,κ·Έλ…€μ˜ 남동생이 멈μΆ₯λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:28
Shakira shakes herself
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μƒ€ν‚€λΌλŠ” κ·Έλ…€μžμ‹ μ˜ λͺΈμ„ 흔듀고
03:29
and scratches herself to get the hair on her head
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κ·Έλ…€μ˜ 머리에 머리카락이
03:31
back in place.
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λ‹€μ‹œ 제자리둜 가도둝 κ·Έλ…€μ˜ λͺΈμ„ κΈμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:33
Then Shakira spots another group of unfamiliar tamarins
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κ·ΈλŸ°λ‹€μŒ μƒ€ν‚€λΌλŠ” μ΅μˆ™ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ€ νƒ€λ§ˆλ¦°μ˜ 또 λ‹€λ₯Έ 그룹을 μ°Ύκ³ ,
03:36
and hears their normal long call.
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κ·Έλ“€μ˜ 정상적인 κΈ΄ μ†Œλ¦¬λ₯Ό λ“£μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:39
She turns to her family. (Monkey noise)
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κ·Έλ…€λŠ” κ·Έλ…€μ˜ κ°€μ‘±μ—κ²Œ λŒμ•„κ°‘λ‹ˆλ‹€. (μ›μˆ­μ΄ μ†ŒμŒ)
03:42
Did you catch that? First there was a chirp, then a whistle.
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κ·Έκ±Έ ν¬μ°©ν•˜μ…¨λ‚˜μš”? μ²˜μŒμ— μšΈμŒμ†Œλ¦¬, κ·Έλ‹€μŒμ— νœ˜νŒŒλžŒμ΄μ—ˆμ£ .
03:47
This is what's known as a combination vocalization,
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이것은 μ‘°ν•©λ°œμ„±μ΄λΌκ³  μ•Œλ €μ Έ μžˆλŠ”λ°,
03:50
a phrase that contains both a chirp and a whistle.
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그건 μšΈμŒμ†Œλ¦¬μ™€ 휘파람 λͺ¨λ‘ ν¬ν•¨λ˜λŠ” 단계죠.
03:53
These are two calls strung together to convey a message.
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이 λ‘κ°œμ˜ μ†Œλ¦¬λŠ” ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜ λ©”μ‹œμ§€λ₯Ό μ „λ‹¬ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ λ¬Άμ—¬μ Έ 있죠.
03:57
The combination of these two elements
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이 두가지 μš”μ†Œμ˜ 쑰합은
03:59
alerts her family to the presence of another group,
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λ‹€λ₯Έ 그룹의 μΆœν˜„μ„ κ·Έλ…€μ˜ κ°€μ‘±μ—κ²Œ μ•Œλ¦¬λŠ”λ°,
04:02
the "F chirp", and the distance they are away,
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"F μšΈμŒμ†Œλ¦¬"와 그듀이 멀이 λ–¨μ–΄μ Έ μžˆλŠ” κ±°λ¦¬λŠ”,
04:05
the normal long call whistle.
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정상적인 κΈ΄ νœ˜νŒŒλžŒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:07
In other words, Shakira just said a sentence.
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λ‹€μ‹œ λ§ν•˜λ©΄, 샀킀라가 방금 λ¬Έμž₯ ν•˜λ‚˜λ₯Ό λ§ν•œκ±°μ£ .
04:11
Her simple demonstration is just the tip of the iceberg.
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κ·Έλ…€μ˜ κ°„λ‹¨ν•œ μ‹œλ²”μ€ 단지 λΉ™μ‚°μ˜ μΌκ°μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:14
She's got trills, chatters, multiple whistle calls,
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κ·Έλ…€λŠ”, λ–¨λ¦Ό, μˆ˜λ‹€, μ—¬λŸ¬κ°œμ˜ 휘파람 μ†Œλ¦¬,
04:18
more combination vocalizations, even twitters.
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더 λ§Žμ€ μ‘°ν•© λ°œμ„±, 심지어 μšΈμŒμ†Œλ¦¬κΉŒμ§€.
04:23
Yet sadly enough, we may not get to hear
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ μŠ¬ν”„κ²Œλ„, μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ•„λ§ˆ
04:26
everything she has to say.
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κ·Έλ…€κ°€ ν•˜λŠ” λͺ¨λ“  말을 듀을 없을지도 λͺ¨λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€
04:28
Mixed in with chirping sonatas from high above
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λ†’μ€μ†Œλ¦¬μ˜ μšΈμŒμ†Œλ¦¬λŠ” λ†’μ€κ³³μœΌλ‘œ ν˜Όν•©λœ κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ
04:31
is the constant thud of a machete chopping trees.
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μ§€μ†μ μœΌλ‘œ λ§ˆμ²΄ν…ŒμΉΌλ‘œ μ³μ„œ λ‚˜λ¬΄λ₯Ό μž˜λΌμ„œ μ—†μ•±λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:35
Shakira's habitat in Colombia is being cut down,
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μ½œλŸΌλΉ„μ•„μ— μžˆλŠ” μƒ€ν‚€λΌμ˜ μ„œμ‹μ§€λŠ” μž˜λ €μ§€κ³  μžˆμ–΄μš”.
04:37
piece by piece,
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쑰각 쑰각 말이죠,
04:39
and if we don't work to protect
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그리고 만일 μš°λ¦¬κ°€ λ³΄ν˜Έν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ μž‘μ—…ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ”λ‹€λ©΄
04:40
the critically endangered cotton-top tamarin,
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κ·Έ 치λͺ…μ μœΌλ‘œ λ©Έμ’…μœ„κΈ°μ— 놓인 비단털 νƒ€λ§ˆλ¦°μ€
04:43
it will become extinct in our lifetime.
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우리의 μΌμƒλ™μ•ˆμ— 멸쒅될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:46
If the chirp from one tamarin to the next
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만일 ν•œ νƒ€λ§ˆλ¦°μ—κ²Œμ„œ λ‹€λ₯Έ νƒ€λ§ˆλ¦°μœΌλ‘œμ˜ κ·Έ μšΈμŒμ†Œλ¦¬κ°€
04:48
has proven to be more than just idle chit chat,
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단지 λ‹¨μˆœν•œ μž‘λ‹΄μ˜ 이상이라고 증λͺ…λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€λ©΄,
04:51
imagine what else we have left to discover.
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λ°œκ²¬λ˜μ•Ό ν•  μ–΄λ– ν•œ λ‹€λ₯Έ 것이 μš°λ¦¬μ—κ²Œ 남겨져 μžˆλŠ”μ§€ 상상해 λ³΄μ„Έμš”.
04:53
Imagine what else Shakira can tell us.
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샀킀라가 μ–΄λ–€ λ‹€λ₯Έ κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ μš°λ¦¬μ—κ²Œ 말할 수 μžˆλŠ”μ§€ 상상해 λ³΄μ„Έμš”.
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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