The oddities of the first American election - Kenneth C. Davis

240,779 views ・ 2012-11-05

TED-Ed


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

00:00
Transcriber: tom carter Reviewer: Bedirhan Cinar
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λ²ˆμ—­: seung joo lee κ²€ν† : Gemma Lee
00:16
Lawn signs sprouting everywhere.
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μž”λ””λ°­μ— 곳곳에 κ½‚νžŒ ν‘œμ§€νŒ.
00:18
Round-the-clock ads on radio and television.
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λŠμž„μ—†λŠ” λΌλ””μ˜€μ™€ ν…”λ ˆλΉ„μ „ κ΄‘κ³ .
00:21
The phone rings. It's a robo-call from the president, or his opponent,
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μ „ν™”κ°€ μšΈλ¦½λ‹ˆλ‹€. λŒ€ν†΅λ Ή μ•„λ‹ˆλ©΄ λ°˜λŒ€ μ •λ‹Ήμ—μ„œ 걸렀온 μžλ™ λ…ΉμŒ μ „ν™”μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:25
asking for your money, and your vote.
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μ„ κ±° κΈ°κΈˆμ΄λ‚˜ νˆ¬ν‘œλ₯Ό λΆ€νƒν•˜λŠ” μ „ν™”μ£ .
00:28
And while you're at it, watch their YouTube videos and like them on Facebook.
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그리고 λ‚΄μΉœκΉ€μ— 그듀이 올린 유튜브 μ˜μƒμ„ 보고, νŽ˜μ΄μŠ€λΆμ— μ’‹μ•„μš”λ₯Ό λˆŒλŸ¬λ‹¬λΌκ³  ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:32
Election time. We all know the look and feel of modern campaigns.
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μ„ κ±° κΈ°κ°„. μš°λ¦¬λŠ” λͺ¨λ‘ ν˜„λŒ€μ˜ μ„ κ±°μš΄λ™μ΄ μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μ΄λ€„μ§€λŠ”μ§€ 보고 또 λŠλ‚λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:37
But what was it like in the early days of the Republic, when, say,
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ κ³΅ν™”κ΅­μ˜ 초기 λ‹¨κ³„μ—λŠ” μ–΄λ• μ„κΉŒμš”? λ§ν•˜μžλ©΄,
00:41
George Washington ran for office?
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쑰지 μ›Œμ‹±ν„΄μ΄ μΆœλ§ˆν–ˆμ„ λ•Œ λ§μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:44
Well, in fact, he didn't run.
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음, 사싀, κ·ΈλŠ” μΆœλ§ˆν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:46
When Washington became the first president in 1789,
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1789λ…„, μ›Œμ‹±ν„΄μ΄ μ΄ˆλŒ€ λŒ€ν†΅λ Ήμ΄ λ˜μ—ˆμ„ λ•ŒλŠ”,
00:50
there were no political parties, no conventions or primaries,
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μ •λ‹Ήμ΄λ‚˜ μ •λ‹Ή λŒ€νšŒ, μ˜ˆλΉ„μ„ κ±°λŠ” μ—†μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:53
no campaign, no election season.
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μ„ κ±°μš΄λ™λ„ μ—†μ—ˆκ³ , 선거철도 μ—†μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:56
Not really any candidates.
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ν›„λ³΄μžλ„ μ—†μ—ˆμ–΄μš”.
00:59
Even the year was odd.
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μ„ κ±°λ₯Ό 치뀘던 μ—°λ„κΉŒμ§€ μ΄μƒν–ˆμ–΄μš”.
01:01
Literally. 1789 was the only presidential election ever held in an odd year.
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말 κ·ΈλŒ€λ‘œ, 1789년은 ν™€μˆ˜ 해에 λŒ€ν†΅λ Ή μ„ κ±°λ₯Ό 치λ₯Έ μœ μΌν•œ ν•΄μ˜€μ–΄μš”.
01:07
After the framers invented the constitution and the presidency 225 years ago,
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225λ…„μ „ μž…μ•ˆμžλ“€μ΄ ν—Œλ²•κ³Ό λŒ€ν†΅λ Ήμ§μ„ λ§Œλ“  이후,
01:13
the country set about the business of choosing its first executive.
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κ΅­κ°€λŠ” κ΅­κ°€λ₯Ό μš΄μ˜ν•˜λŠ” 첫 μš”μΈμ„ μ„ μΆœν•˜λŠ” 일을 μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:18
Agreeing with Ben Franklin, many people thought "The first man at the helm will be a good one,"
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λ²€ ν”„λž­ν΄λ¦°μ— λ™μ˜ν•œ, λ§Žμ€ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ "ꡭ정을 μš΄μ˜ν•˜λŠ” 첫번째 인물은 ν›Œλ₯­ν•œ μ‚¬λžŒμ΄μ–΄μ•Ό ν•œλ‹€." 라고 μƒκ°ν–ˆκ³ ,
01:23
and by that, Franklin meant George Washington.
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κ·Έ 말은 ν”„λž­ν΄λ¦°μ΄ 쑰지 μ›Œμ‹±ν„΄μ„ μƒκ°ν•˜κ³  μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€λŠ” 뜻이죠.
01:26
Greatest hero of the Revolution, Washington presided over the convention that created the constitution,
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λ―Έκ΅­ 독립 혁λͺ…μ˜ μœ„λŒ€ν•œ μ˜μ›…, μ›Œμ‹±ν„΄μ€ ν—Œλ²•μ„ λ§Œλ“  ν•©μ˜λ₯Ό 말없이 λ§‘μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:33
rarely speaking. He never discussed the job of president,
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κ·ΈλŠ” κ²°μ½” λŒ€ν†΅λ Ήμ§μ— λŒ€ν•œ λ…Όμ˜λ₯Ό ν•œ 적도 μ—†κ³ ,
01:36
or of wanting it. And when the first presidential election took place,
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λŒ€ν†΅λ Ήμ΄ 되고 μ‹Άμ–΄ν•˜μ§€λ„ μ•˜μ•˜μ–΄μš”. 첫번째 λŒ€ν†΅λ Ή μ„ κ±°λ₯Ό ν–ˆμ„ λ•Œ,
01:41
it was a crazy-quilt affair, with many hands stitching the pattern.
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κ·Έ μ„ κ±°λŠ” μ—¬λŸ¬ μ‚¬λžŒμ΄ λ°”λŠμ§ˆλ‘œ 무늬λ₯Ό κΏ°λ©”μ–΄ λ§Œλ“  쑰각보 κ°™μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:46
Under the new constitution, each state was given a number of electors.
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μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ ν—Œλ²•ν•˜μ—μ„œ, 각 μ£Όμ—λŠ” 선거인단이 ν• λ‹Ήλ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:51
who would cast a vote for two names.
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선거인단은 λ‘κ°œμ˜ 이름에 νˆ¬ν‘œλ₯Ό ν•˜κ²Œ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:54
The man with the most votes would be president,
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κ°€μž₯ λ§Žμ€ ν‘œλ₯Ό 받은 μ‚¬λžŒμ€ λŒ€ν†΅λ Ήμ΄ 되고,
01:57
the second-place finisher was vice president.
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λ‘λ²ˆμ§Έλ₯Ό μ°¨μ§€ν•œ μ‚¬λžŒμ€ 뢀톡령이 λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:00
Ah, but who picked the electors? That was left up to the states.
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μ•„, 그런데 λˆ„κ°€ 선거인단을 λ½‘μ„κΉŒμš”? 그건 주정뢀에 λ§‘κ²¨μ‘ŒμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€..
02:04
Six of them let the people decide, or at least white men over 21 who owned property.
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κ·Έλ“€ κ°€μš΄λ° 6개 μ£Όμ •λΆ€λŠ” ꡭ민듀이 κ²°μ •ν•˜λ„λ‘ ν–ˆκ³ , 적어도 21μ‚΄ μ΄μƒμ˜ 백인 λ‚¨μžλ‘œμ„œ μž¬μ‚°μ΄ μžˆμ–΄μ•Ό ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:11
In New Jersey, some women voted, a right later taken away.
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λ‰΄μ €μ§€μ—μ„œλŠ” 일뢀 여성은 νˆ¬ν‘œν•  수 μžˆμ—ˆμœΌλ‚˜, λ‚˜μ€‘μ— κ·Έ κΆŒλ¦¬λŠ” μ—†μ–΄μ‘ŒμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:16
But in other states, the legislature picked the electors.
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ λ‹€λ₯Έ μ£Όμ—μ„œλŠ” μž…λ²•κΈ°κ΄€μ΄ 선거인단을 λ½‘μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:20
At that time, many people thought democracy was one step away from mob rule
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κ·Έ λ•Œ λ§Žμ€ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ λ―Όμ£Όμ£Όμ˜κ°€ 우민 μ •μΉ˜μ—μ„œ λ²—μ–΄λ‚˜λŠ” ν•œ 단계라고 μƒκ°ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:26
and a decision this important should be left to wiser men.
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또 μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ μ€‘μš”ν•œ 결정은 보닀 ν˜„λͺ…ν•œ μ‚¬λžŒμ΄ ν•΄μ•Ό ν•œλ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν–ˆμ£ .
02:30
These electors then voted for president.
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μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 선거인단이 λŒ€ν†΅λ Ήμ„ λ½‘μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:33
All the states had to do was get their votes in on time.
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μ£Όμ •λΆ€κ°€ ν•΄μ•Ό ν•  μΌμ΄λΌκ³ λŠ” νˆ¬ν‘œκ°€ 제 μ‹œκ°„μ— 이뀄지도둝 ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒλΏμ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:37
But there were glitches.
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ μž‘μ€ λ¬Έμ œλ“€μ΄ μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:39
Only 10 of the 13 states voted.
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13개주 κ°€μš΄λ° 10개 주만 νˆ¬ν‘œλ₯Ό ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:42
Rhode Island and North Carolina hadn't ratified the constitution and couldn't vote.
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λ‘œλ“œ μ•„μΌλžœλ“œμ£Όμ™€ λ…ΈμŠ€μΊλ‘€λΌμ΄λ‚˜μ£ΌλŠ” ν—Œλ²•μ„ λΉ„μ€€ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜κΈ°μ— νˆ¬ν‘œλ₯Ό ν•  수 μ—†μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:47
New York missed the deadline for naming its electors, and also was not counted.
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λ‰΄μš•μ£ΌλŠ” 선거인단을 지λͺ…ν•˜λŠ” 마감 μ‹œκ°„μ„ λ†“μ³μ„œ μ œμ™Έλ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:53
When the votes were tallied, it was unanimous.
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νˆ¬ν‘œκ°€ μ§‘κ³„λ˜μ—ˆμ„ λ•Œ, 만μž₯일치의 κ²°κ³Όκ°€ λ‚˜μ™”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:55
George Washington won easily. John Adams trailed far behind, finishing second, and became the vice president.
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쑰지 μ›Œμ‹±ν„΄μ€ μ‰½κ²Œ 이길 수 μžˆμ—ˆμ£ . μ‘΄ μ•„λ‹΄μŠ€λŠ” ν•œμ°Έ λ’€μ³μ‘Œμ§€λ§Œ, 2μœ„λ‘œ 뢀톡령이 λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:03
Told of his victory, George Washington was not surprised.
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쑰지 μ›Œμ‹±ν„΄μ€ κ·Έκ°€ μ΄κ²Όλ‹€λŠ” μ†Œμ‹μ„ 듣고도 놀라지 μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:07
At Mount Vernon, his bags were already packed.
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마운트 λ²„λ…Όμ—μ„œ 쑰지 μ›Œμ‹±ν„΄μ˜ 짐은 이미 κΎΈλ €μ Έ μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:11
He moved to New York City, the nation's temporary capital,
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κ·ΈλŠ” 미ꡭ의 μž„μ‹œ μˆ˜λ„μΈ λ‰΄μš•μœΌλ‘œ κ°”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:14
and he would have to figure out just what a president was supposed to do.
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또 λŒ€ν†΅λ ΉμœΌλ‘œμ„œ ν•΄μ•Ό ν•  일을 νŒŒμ•…ν•΄μ•Ό ν–ˆμ£ .
03:19
Since that first election, American democracy and elections have come a long way.
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첫번째 μ„ κ±°κ°€ μžˆμ€ λ’€λΆ€ν„° 미ꡭ의 λ―Όμ£Όμ£Όμ˜μ™€ μ„ κ±°λŠ” 크게 λ°œμ „ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:24
The constitution has been changed to open up voting to more people:
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ν—Œλ²•μ€ 더 λ§Žμ€ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ νˆ¬ν‘œν•  수 μžˆλ„λ‘ λ°”λ€Œμ—ˆμ–΄μš”.
03:28
black men, women, Native Americans, and eighteen-year-olds included.
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흑인, μ—¬μ„±, 원주민, 그리고 18μ„Έ μ΄μƒμ˜ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ μ°Έμ—¬ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:33
Getting that basic right extended to all those people has been a long, hard struggle.
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이 기본적인 κΆŒλ¦¬κ°€ λͺ¨λ“  μ‚¬λžŒλ“€ν•œν…Œ 적용되게 ν•˜λŠ”λ° μ˜€λž«λ™μ•ˆ νž˜λ“€κ²Œ μ‹Έμ› μ£ .
03:40
So when you think you can't stand any more of those lawn signs,
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‹ˆ μž”λ””λ°­μ— κ½‚νžŒ ν‘œμ§€νŒκ³Ό TVκ΄‘κ³ λ₯Ό λ”λŠ” λͺ» μ°Έκ² λ‹€λŠ”
03:43
and TV ads, just remember:
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생각이 λ“€ λ•Œ, κ·Έμ € κΈ°μ–΅ν•΄ μ£Όμ„Έμš”.
03:46
the right to vote wasn't always for everyone,
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νˆ¬ν‘œν•  κΆŒλ¦¬κ°€ λˆ„κ΅¬ν•œν…Œλ‚˜ 늘 μžˆμ—ˆλ˜ 건 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌλŠ” κ±Έμš”.
03:48
and that's a piece of history worth knowing.
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그리고 이것은 μ•Œμ•„μ•Ό ν•  κ°€μΉ˜κ°€ μžˆλŠ” μ—­μ‚¬μ˜ μΌλΆ€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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