Nature's smallest factory: The Calvin cycle - Cathy Symington

2,906,873 views ใƒป 2014-04-01

TED-Ed


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Tony Chong ๊ฒ€ํ† : Jeong-Lan Kinser
00:07
You're facing a giant bowl
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์ง€๊ธˆ ๋ฐ”์‚ญ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํƒ„์†Œ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋“์ฐฌ
00:09
of energy packed Carbon Crunchies.
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๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๊ทธ๋ฆ‡์„ ๋งˆ์ฃผํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:12
One spoonful. Two. Three.
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์ˆŸ๊ฐ€๋ฝ ๊ฐ€๋“ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ, ๋‘๋ฒˆ, ์„ธ๋ฒˆ ๋–  ๋จน์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:15
Soon, you're powered up by the energy surge
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๊ณง, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ๊ทธ ์Œ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•„
00:17
that comes from your meal.
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์ƒ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ถฉ์ „๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:19
But how did that energy get into your bowl?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ, ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ๊ทธ๋ฆ‡์— ๋‹ด๊ฒจ์ ธ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
00:22
Energy exists in the form of sugars
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์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋Š” ๋‹น์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ์กด์žฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:25
made by the plant your cereal came from,
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๋ฐ€์ด๋‚˜ ์˜ฅ์ˆ˜์ˆ˜ ๊ฐ™์€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๋จน๋Š” ์‹œ๋ฆฌ์–ผ์˜ ์›์ฒœ์ธ ๊ณก๋ฌผ๋“ค์—
00:28
like wheat or corn.
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์˜ํ•ด ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง€์ฃ .
00:29
As you can see, carbon is the chemical backbone,
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์•„์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ ํƒ„์†Œ๋Š” ํ™”ํ•™๋ฌผ์งˆ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์„ ์ด๋ฃน๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:33
and plants get their fix of it
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹๋ฌผ๋“ค์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘ ํ˜ธํกํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณต๊ธฐ์— ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š”
00:35
in the form of carbon dioxide, CO2,
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์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ, ์ฆ‰ CO2์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ํƒ„์†Œ๋ฅผ
00:38
from the air that we all breath.
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๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ด๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:40
But how does a plant's energy factory,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์—ฝ๋ก์ฒด ๊ธฐ์งˆ๋‚ด์— ๋“ค์–ด์žˆ๋Š”
00:42
housed in the stroma of the chloroplast,
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์‹๋ฌผ์˜ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๊ณต์žฅ์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ธฐ์ฒด ์ƒํƒœ์˜ ํƒ„์†Œ๋ฅผ,
00:45
turn a one carbon gas, like CO2,
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์ฆ‰ ์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ๊ฐ™์€ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๊ธฐ์ฒด ๋‹จ์œ„๋ฅผ
00:47
into a six carbon solid, like glucose?
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์—ฌ์„ฏ๊ฐœ์˜ ํƒ„์†Œ ๊ณ ์ฒด ๋‹จ์œ„๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„ ํฌ๋„๋‹น๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฌผ์งˆ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ€ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
00:51
If you're thinking photosynthesis, you're right.
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๊ด‘ํ•ฉ์„ฑ์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์‹ ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ์ •๋‹ต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:55
But photosynthesis is divided into two steps.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ด‘ํ•ฉ์„ฑ์€ ๋‘๊ฐ€์ง€์˜ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์–ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:58
The first, which stores energy from the sun
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์ฒซ์งธ๋กœ, ํƒœ์–‘์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ์•„๋ฐ๋…ธ์‹ 3์ธ์‚ฐ, ๋˜๋Š” ATP์˜
01:00
in the form of adenosine triphosphate, or ATP.
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ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ์ €์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹จ๊ณ„์™€,
01:05
And the second, the Calvin cycle, that captures carbon
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๋‘˜์งธ๋กœ, ํƒ„์†Œ๋ฅผ ํก์ˆ˜ํ•ด์„œ ๋‹น์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋Š”
01:08
and turns it into sugar.
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์บ˜๋นˆํšŒ๋กœ์˜ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:10
This second phase represents one of nature's
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์ด ๋‘๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์ž์—ฐ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ์ง€์†๋˜์–ด์˜จ
01:13
most sustainable production lines.
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์ƒ์‚ฐ๊ณต์ •์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:15
And so with that, welcome to world's most miniscule factory.
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์ž ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ๊ทธ ๋‘๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜, ์„ธ์ƒ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ž‘์€ ๊ณต์žฅ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒฌํ•™์„ ๊ฐ€ ๋ณด๋„๋ก ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:20
The starting materials?
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์ƒ์‚ฐ์žฌ๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ๋ญ˜๊นŒ์š”?
01:21
A mix of CO2 molecules from the air,
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๊ณต๊ธฐ์ค‘์— ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” CO2 ๋ถ„์ž ๋ฉ์–ด๋ฆฌ์™€,
01:24
and preassembled molecules called
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์ด๋ฏธ ์กฐํ•ฉ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ถ„์ž์ธ,
01:26
ribulose biphosphate, or RuBP,
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๋ฆฌ๋ถˆ๋กœ์˜ค์Šค ์ธ์‚ฐ, ๋˜๋Š” RuBP ์ด ์žฌ๋ฃŒ์ด๋ฉฐ,
01:30
each containing five carbons.
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๊ฐ๊ฐ ํƒ„์†Œ ๋‹ค์„ฏ๊ฐœ์”ฉ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:32
The initiator? An industrious enzyme named rubisco
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์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ? ๋ฃจ๋น„์Šค์ฝ”๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ถ€์ง€๋Ÿฐํ•œ ํšจ์†Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:36
that welds one carbon atom from a CO2 molecule
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๊ทธ ํšจ์†Œ๋Š” CO2 ๋ถ„์ž์—์„œ ํƒ„์†Œ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ
01:39
with the RuBP chain
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RuBP ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์— ์ ‘์ฐฉ์‹œ์ผœ์„œ
01:41
to build an initial six carbon sequence.
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์ตœ์ดˆ๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์—ฌ์„ฏ๊ฐœ ํƒ„์†Œ ์—ฐ์†์ฒด๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:44
That rapidly splits into two shorter chains
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋‘๊ฐœ์˜ ๋” ์ž‘์€ ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ๋“ค๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ ์ ธ์„œ,
01:47
containing three carbons each
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๊ฐ ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด์ œ ์„ธ๊ฐœ์˜ ํƒ„์†Œ๋ฅผ ์ง€๋‹ˆ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ,
01:49
and called phosphoglycerates, or PGAs, for short.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ํฌ์Šคํฌ๊ธ€๋ฆฌ์„ธ๋ฆฐ์‚ฐ, ๋˜๋Š” ์ค„์—ฌ์„œ PGA ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:54
Enter ATP, and another chemical called
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ATP(์•„๋ฐ๋…ธ์‹ 3์ธ์‚ฐ), ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ํ™”ํ•™๋ฌผ์งˆ์ธ,
01:57
nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate,
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๋‹ˆ์ฝ”ํ‹ด์•„๋ฏธ๋“œ ์•„๋ฐ๋‹Œ ๋””๋ˆ„์šฐํด๋ ˆ์˜คํ‹ฐ๋“œ ์ธ์‚ฐ,
02:01
or just NADPH.
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๋˜๋Š” ์ค„์—ฌ์„œ NADPH ๋‹จ๊ณ„์— ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๋ณด์ฃ .
02:04
ATP, working like a lubricant, delivers energy,
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ATP๋Š” ์œคํ™œ์ œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•˜๊ณ ,
02:07
while NADPH affixes one hydrogen to each of the PGA chains,
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๊ทธ๋™์•ˆ NADPH ๋Š” ๊ฐ PGA ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์— ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์ˆ˜์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋ถ™์ด๋ฉด์„œ,
02:13
changing them into molecules called
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๊ฐ PGA ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ธ€๋ฆฌ์„ธ๋ฅด์•Œ๋ฐํžˆ๋“œ 3์ธ์‚ฐ, ๋˜๋Š” G3P ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
02:15
glyceraldehyde 3 phosphates, or G3Ps.
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๋ถ„์ž๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ˜•์‹œํ‚ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:19
Glucose needs six carbons to form,
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ํฌ๋„๋‹น์ด ํ˜•์„ฑ๋˜๋ ค๋ฉด ์—ฌ์„ฏ๊ฐœ์˜ ํƒ„์†Œ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๊ณ ,
02:22
made from two molecules of G3P,
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๊ทธ ์—ฌ์„ฏ๊ฐœ์˜ ํƒ„์†Œ๋Š” ๋‘๊ฐœ์˜ G3P ๋ถ„์ž๋กœ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํ˜•์„ฑ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
02:25
which incidentally have six carbons between them.
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์™œ๋ƒ๋ฉด, ๋‘๊ฐœ์˜ G3P๋ฅผ ํ•ฉ์น˜๋ฉด ์šฐ์—ฐํžˆ ์—ฌ์„ฏ๊ฐœ์˜ ํƒ„์†Œ๊ฐ€ ๋ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
02:28
So, sugar has just been manufactured, right?
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์ž ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ๋‹น์ด ์™„์„ฑ๋˜์—ˆ๋‚˜์š”?
02:30
Not quite.
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์•„์ง ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:32
The Calvin cycle works like a sustainable production line,
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์บ˜๋นˆํšŒ๋กœ๊ณผ์ •์€ ์ง€์†์ ์ธ ์ƒ์‚ฐ๊ณต์ •์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ž‘๋™ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:35
meaning that those original RuBPs
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์›๋ž˜์˜ RuBP ๋“ค์€
02:38
that kicked things off at the start,
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์ž‘์—…์„ ์‹œ์ž‘์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—,
02:40
need to be recreated by reusing materials
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์บ˜๋นˆํšŒ๋กœ๊ณผ์ •๋‚ด์—์„œ
02:42
within the cycle now.
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์žฌ๋ฃŒ๋“ค์„ ์žฌ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์„œ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ ธ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ด์ฃ .
02:44
But each RuBP needs five carbons
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ RuBP๋Š” ๋‹ค์„ฏ๊ฐœ์˜ ํƒ„์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์œ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ ,
02:46
and manufacturing glucose takes a whole six.
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ํฌ๋„๋‹น์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๋ ค๋ฉด ์—ฌ์„ฏ๊ฐœ์˜ ํƒ„์†Œ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜์ฃ .
02:49
Something doesn't add up.
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๊ฐฏ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์•ˆ๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:51
The answer lies in one phenomenal fact.
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ํ•ด๋‹ต์€ ๊ฒฝ์ด๋กœ์šด ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ํ˜„์ƒ์—์„œ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:54
While we've been focusing on this single production line,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๊ธˆ๊ป ํ•œ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ƒ์‚ฐ๊ณต์ •์—๋งŒ ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ์ด์—,
02:57
five others have been happening at the same time.
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๋‹ค์„ฏ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ณต์ •์ด ๋™์‹œ์— ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
03:00
With six conveyor belts moving in unison,
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์—ฌ์„ฏ๊ฐœ์˜ ์ƒ์‚ฐ๊ณต์ •์ด ๋™์‹œ์— ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€๋ฉด์„œ,
03:03
there isn't just one carbon that gets soldered
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ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ํƒ„์†Œ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ RuBP ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์—
03:05
to one RuBP chain,
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๋ถ™๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ,
03:07
but six carbons soldered to six RuBPs.
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์—ฌ์„ฏ๊ฐœ์˜ ํƒ„์†Œ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ์„ฏ๊ฐœ์˜ RuBP์— ๋ถ™๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:11
That creates 12 G3P chains instead of just two,
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด, ๋‘๊ฐœ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ 12๊ฐœ์˜ G3P ๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง€๊ณ ,
03:15
meaning that all together, 36 carbons exist:
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๋ชจ๋‘ ํ•ฉ์ณ์„œ 36๊ฐœ์˜ ํƒ„์†Œ๊ฐ€ ์กด์žฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ด์ฃ :
03:18
the precise number needed to manufacture sugar,
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๋‹น์„ ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•ด๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ, ์ฒ˜์Œ ๊ณต์ •์— ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” RuBP๋ฅผ
03:21
and rebuild those RuBPs.
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์žฌ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ํƒ„์†Œ ๊ฐฏ์ˆ˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:24
Of the 12 G3Ps pooled together,
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๊ทธ ๋ชจ์—ฌ์ง„ 12๊ฐœ์˜ G3P ์ค‘,
03:27
two are siphoned off to form
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๋‘๊ฐœ๊ฐ€ ๋–จ์–ด์ ธ ๋‚˜์™€์„œ
03:28
that energy rich six carbon glucose chain.
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์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๊ฐ€๋“ํ•œ ํƒ„์†Œ ์—ฌ์„ฏ๊ฐœ์งœ๋ฆฌ ํฌ๋„๋‹น ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:32
The one fueling you via your breakfast. Success!
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์•„์นจ ์‹์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ์–ป๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ทธ ๋‹น์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์„ฑ๊ณต์ด์ฃ !
03:35
But back on the manufacturing line,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ƒ์‚ฐ๊ณต์ •์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€๋ฉด,
03:37
the byproducts of this sugar production
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๋‹น๋ถ„ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์ค‘์— ์ƒ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋ถ€์‚ฐ๋ฌผ๋“ค์€ ์žฌ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์˜ฎ๊ฒจ ๋ถ™์–ด์„œ
03:39
are swiftly assembled to recreate those six RuBPs.
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์—ฌ์„ฏ๊ฐœ์˜ RuBP๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:44
That requires 30 carbons,
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ 30๊ฐœ์˜ ํƒ„์†Œ๋“ค์„ ํ•„์š”๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ,
03:46
the exact number contained by the remaining 10 G3PS.
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๋‚จ์•„์žˆ๋Š” 10๊ฐœ์˜ G3P ๋กœ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์–ป์–ด์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ์ˆซ์ž์ฃ .
03:51
Now a molecular mix and match occurs.
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์ด์ œ ๋ถ„์ž ํ•ฉ์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:54
Two of the G3Ps are welded together
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์—ฌ์„ฏ๊ฐœ์˜ ํƒ„์†Œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์—ฐ์†์ฒด๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๋ฉด์„œ,
03:56
forming a six carbon sequence.
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๋‘๊ฐœ์˜ G3P ๊ฐ€ ํ•ฉ์ณ์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:58
By adding a third G3P, a nine carbon chain is built.
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์„ธ๋ฒˆ์งธ์˜ G3P๋ฅผ ๋”ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ, ํƒ„์†Œ ์•„ํ™‰๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:02
The first RuBP, made up of five carbons,
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ํƒ„์†Œ ๋‹ค์„ฏ๊ฐœ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์กŒ๋˜ ์ฒซ๋ฒˆ์งธ RuBP๋Š”
04:05
is cast from this,
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์ด๋ฒˆ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ ์‚ฌ๋ผ์ง€๋ฉด์„œ
04:07
leaving four carbons behind.
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๋„ค๊ฐœ์˜ ํƒ„์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋‚จ๊น๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:09
But there's no wastage here.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ ๊ทธ ๋„ค๊ฐœ์˜ ํƒ„์†Œ๋“ค์€ ๋ฒ„๋ ค์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:11
Those are soldered to a fourth G3P molecule,
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ๋„ค๋ฒˆ์งธ์˜ G3P ๋ถ„์ž์— ๋ถ™์—ฌ์ ธ์„œ
04:14
making a seven carbon chain.
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์ผ๊ณฑ๊ฐœ์˜ ํƒ„์†Œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:16
Added to a fifth G3P molecule,
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๋‹ค์„ฏ๋ฒˆ์งธ G3P ๋ถ„์ž์— ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ๋˜๋ฉด์„œ
04:18
a ten carbon chain is created,
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ํƒ„์†Œ ์—ด๊ฐœ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œ ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง€๊ณ ,
04:20
enough now to craft two more RuBPs.
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RuBP ๋ฅผ ๋‘๊ฐœ ๋” ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:24
With three full RuBPs recreated
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์—ด๊ฐœ์˜ G3P ์ค‘ ๋‹ค์„ฏ๊ฐœ๋กœ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง„ ์„ธ๊ฐœ์˜
04:26
from five of the ten G3Ps,
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์™„๋ฒฝํ•œ RuBP ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ ,
04:29
simply duplicating this process
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์ด ๊ณผ์ •์„ ๋ฐ˜๋ณตํ•˜๊ธฐ๋งŒ ํ•ด๋„
04:31
will renew the six RuBP chains
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์—ฌ์„ฏ๊ฐœ์˜ RuBP ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์žฌ์ƒ์‚ฐ ๋˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:33
needed to restart the cycle again.
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์ด ์—ฌ์„ฏ๊ฐœ์˜ ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์บ˜๋นˆํšŒ๋กœ๊ณผ์ •์„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์‹œ์ž‘์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
04:36
So the Calvin cycle generates the precise number
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ, ์บ˜๋นˆํšŒ๋กœ๊ณต์ •์€ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ƒํ™”ํ•™์  ์ƒ์‚ฐ๊ณผ์ •์ด
04:39
of elements and processes
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๋Š์ž„์—†์ด ๋Œ์•„๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
04:40
required to keep this biochemical production line
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์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ๊ฐฏ์ˆ˜์˜ ์›์†Œ์™€ ์ ˆ์ฐจ๋ฅผ
04:43
turning endlessly.
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๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:45
And it's just one of the 100s of cycles
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ž์—ฐ์— ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜ ๋ฐฑ๊ฐ€์ง€์˜ ๋งŽ์€
04:47
present in nature.
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ํšŒ๋กœ๊ณต์ •๋“ค ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ผ ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:48
Why so many?
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์™œ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งŽ๋ƒ๊ตฌ์š”?
04:49
Because if biological production processes were linear,
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๋งŒ์•ฝ์— ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์  ์ƒ์‚ฐ๊ณผ์ •์ด ์„ ํ˜•์ด๋ผ๋ฉด,
04:53
they wouldn't be nearly as efficient or successful
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๋‹น๋ถ„๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ž์—ฐ์ด ์˜์กดํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌผ์งˆ๋“ค์„
04:55
at using energy to manufacture the materials
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์ƒ์‚ฐํ•  ๋•Œ, ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋น„ํšจ์œจ์ ์œผ๋กœ
04:58
that nature relies upon, like sugar.
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๋˜๋Š” ๋†’์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์„ฑ๊ณต์œจ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:01
Cycles create vital feedback loops
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ํšŒ๋กœ๊ณต์ •๋“ค์€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์†กํ™˜ ํšŒ์ „ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์„œ
05:03
that repeatedly reuse and rebuild ingredients
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์žฌ๋ฃŒ๋“ค์„ ๋ฐ˜๋ณต์ ์œผ๋กœ ์žฌ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žฌ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•ด ๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:06
crafting as much as possible
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์ž์—ฐ์—์„œ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ž์›๋“ค๋กœ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ
05:08
out of the planet's available resources.
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๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๋งŽ์€ ์–‘์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋‚ด๋ฉด์„œ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
05:10
Such as that sugar,
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๊ฐ€๊ณต๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ํƒœ์–‘๋น›๊ณผ ํƒ„์†Œ๋ฅผ
05:12
built using raw sunlight and carbon
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์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์„œ,
05:14
converted in plant factories
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์‹๋ฌผ๋‚ด์˜ ๊ณต์žฅ์—์„œ ๋ณ€ํ™˜๋˜์–ด,
05:16
to become the energy that powers you
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์—๊ฒŒ ํž˜์„ ์ฃผ๋ฉฐ,
05:18
and keeps the cycles revolving in your own life.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ์ผ์ƒ์˜ ํšŒ์ „ ๋ฐ”ํ€ด๋ฅผ ๋Œ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ ๋‹น๋ถ„์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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