PRESENT TENSE | Simple, Continuous, Perfect | Learn English Grammar Course

756,503 views ・ 2021-10-06

Shaw English Online


á€—á€źá€’á€źá€šá€­á€Żá€€á€­á€Żá€–á€œá€„á€·á€șရနá€ș ဥေဏကá€șပါ အငá€șá€čဂလိပá€șစာတနá€șသမျဏသကို နဟစá€șချကá€șနဟိပá€șပါ။

00:00
Hi, everybody.
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မငá€șá€čá€‚á€œá€Źá€•á€« လူတိုငá€șှ။
00:01
I’m Esther.
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ကျလနá€șတေဏá€șက Esther ပါ။
00:02
Welcome to the grammar video.
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သဒá€čá€’á€«á€—á€źá€’á€źá€šá€­á€Żá€™á€Ÿá€€á€Œá€­á€Żá€†á€­á€Żá€•á€«á€žá€Šá€ș။
00:04
In this video, I will introduce the present tense.
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ဒြ Video á€œá€±á€žá€™á€Ÿá€Źá€á€±á€Źá€· Present tense ကို တငá€șဆကá€șá€•á€±á€žá€žá€œá€Źá€žá€™á€Ÿá€Źá€•á€«á‹
00:07
It’s a very important tense for learning English.
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အငá€șá€čဂလိပá€șá€…á€Źá€œá€±á€·á€œá€Źá€›á€”á€ș á€Ąá€œá€œá€”á€șá€Ąá€›á€±á€žá€€á€Œá€źá€žá€žá€±á€Ź ဥချိနá€șတစá€șá€á€Żá€–á€Œá€…á€șသညá€ș။
00:11
In this video, I will introduce the present simple, the present continuous, the present
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á€’á€źá€—á€źá€’á€źá€šá€­á€Żá€™á€Ÿá€Ź ပစá€čစုပá€čပနá€ș á€›á€­á€Żá€žá€›á€Ÿá€„á€șá€žá€™á€Ÿá€ŻáŠ ပစá€čစုပá€čပနá€ș စဉá€șဆကá€șမပဌတá€ș၊ ပစá€čစုပá€čပနá€ș
00:17
perfect, and the present perfect continuous tense.
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á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€•á€Œá€Šá€·á€șá€…á€Żá€¶á€™á€Ÿá€Ż နá€Č့ ပစá€čစုပá€čပနá€ș á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€•á€Œá€Šá€·á€șစုံတá€Č့ စဉá€șဆကá€șမပဌတá€ș တငá€șá€žá€™á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€œá€±á€€á€­á€Ż
00:21
There’s a lot to learn, so keep watching.
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မိတá€șဆကá€șá€•á€±á€žá€œá€­á€Żá€€á€șပါတယá€ș ။ သငá€șá€šá€°á€…á€›á€Źá€á€œá€± á€Ąá€™á€»á€Źá€žá€€á€Œá€źá€žá€›á€Ÿá€­á€á€Źá€™á€­á€Żá€· ဆကá€șလကá€șကဌည့á€șá€›á€Ÿá€Żá€•á€«á‹
00:24
And let’s get started.
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စလိုကá€șá€€á€Œá€›á€Ąá€±á€Źá€„á€ș။
00:26
Hi, everybody.
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မငá€șá€čá€‚á€œá€Źá€•á€« လူတိုငá€șှ။
00:28
My name is Esther.
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ကျလနá€șတေဏ့á€șနာမညá€șက Esther ပါ။
00:34
I'm so excited to teach you the present simple tense in today's video.
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ဒဟနေ့ á€—á€źá€’á€źá€šá€­á€Żá€™á€Ÿá€Ź ပစá€čစုပá€čပနá€ș á€›á€­á€Żá€žá€›á€Ÿá€„á€șှတá€Č့ ဥချိနá€șကို သငá€șပေသရတဏ အရမá€șှစိတá€șá€œá€Ÿá€Żá€•á€șá€›á€Ÿá€Źá€žá€™á€­á€•á€«á€á€šá€ș။
00:39
Now this lesson can be a little difficult,
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အခု ဒြသငá€șခနá€șှစာက နညá€șှနညá€șသတေဏ့ ခကá€șခá€Čနိုငá€șတာ
00:42
so I'll do my best to keep it easy and fun for you.
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မို့ မငá€șá€žá€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș လလယá€șá€€á€°á€•á€Œá€źá€ž ပျေဏá€șစရဏကေဏငá€șသနေဥေဏငá€ș ငါ ဥကေဏငá€șသဆုံသ á€€á€Œá€­á€Żá€žá€…á€Źá€žá€•á€«á€·á€™á€šá€ș။
00:45
My goal is for you to understand how and when to use this grammar by the end of the video.
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ကျလနá€șုပá€ș၏ရညá€șရလယá€șချကá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Ź ကသဒá€čဒါကို á€—á€źá€’á€źá€šá€­á€Żáá€Ąá€†á€Żá€¶á€žá€á€œá€„á€ș သငá€șမညá€șá€žá€­á€Żá€·á€Ąá€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€•á€Œá€Żá€›á€™á€Šá€șကို နာှလညá€șရနá€șဖဌစá€șသညá€ș။
00:52
Let's get started.
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စလိုကá€șá€€á€Œá€…á€­á€Żá€·á‹
00:56
Let's start with the first usage for the present simple tense.
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ပစá€čစုပá€čပနá€șá€›á€­á€Żá€žá€›á€Ÿá€„á€șသသေဏဥချိနá€șá€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș á€•á€‘á€™á€†á€Żá€¶á€žá€Ąá€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€•á€Œá€Żá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€–á€Œá€„á€·á€șá€…á€€á€Œá€•á€«á€…á€­á€Żá€·á‹
01:00
The first usage is pretty easy.
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á€•á€‘á€™á€†á€Żá€¶á€žá€Ąá€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€•á€Œá€Żá€•á€Żá€¶á€€ တေဏá€șတေဏá€șလလယá€șပါတယá€ș။
01:02
We use it to talk about facts, truths, and generalizations.
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á€Ąá€–á€Œá€…á€șမဟနá€șမျဏသ၊ á€Ąá€™á€Ÿá€”á€șá€á€›á€Źá€žá€™á€»á€Źá€žá€”á€Ÿá€„á€·á€ș á€šá€±á€˜á€Żá€šá€»á€–á€±á€Źá€șပဌချကá€șá€™á€»á€Źá€žá€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှ á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€†á€­á€Żá€›á€”á€ș ၎ငá€șှကို ကျလနá€șုပá€șတို့ á€Ąá€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€•á€Œá€Żá€•á€«á€žá€Šá€ș။
01:07
Let's look at some examples.
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ငပမဏဥချို့ကို ကဌည့á€șá€€á€Œá€•á€«á€…á€­á€Żá€·á‹
01:08
‘The Sun is bright.’
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'နေက တေဏကá€șပတယá€ș။'
01:11
Now that's a fact.
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အခုက á€Ąá€™á€Ÿá€”á€șပá€Č။
01:13
It doesn't change.
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á€™á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှလá€Čပါဘူသ။
01:14
Everybody knows that the Sun is bright.
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နေက တေဏကá€șပနေတယá€șဆိုတာ လူတိုငá€șှသိတယá€ș။
01:16
It was bright yesterday.
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မနေ့က တေဏကá€șပနေခá€Č့တယá€ș။
01:18
It's bright today.
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ဒဟနေ့ တေဏကá€șပနေတယá€ș။
01:19
And it will be bright tomorrow.
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မနကá€șဖဌနá€șလညá€șှ တေဏကá€șပနေလိမ့á€șမယá€ș။
01:21
That makes it a fact.
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အá€Čဒါက á€Ąá€™á€Ÿá€”á€șပါပá€Č။
01:23
‘Pigs don't fly.’
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'ဝကá€șတလေ မပျံဘူသ။'
01:25
That's also a fact.
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ဒါလညá€șှ á€Ąá€™á€Ÿá€”á€șပá€Č။
01:26
Everybody knows that pigs don't fly.
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ဝကá€șမပျံသနá€șှဘူှဆိုတာ လူတိုငá€șသသိပါတယá€ș။
01:30
‘Cats are better than dogs.’
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'á€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șတလေက ခလေသတလေထကá€ș ပိုကေဏငá€șှတယá€ș'
01:33
Now this you may not agree with.
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ယခု ကဥရဏကို သငá€șá€žá€˜á€±á€Źá€™á€á€°á€”á€­á€Żá€„á€șပါ။
01:35
This is my truth.
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ဒါ á€„á€«á€·á€Ąá€™á€Ÿá€”á€șတရာှပá€Č။
01:36
I'm making a generalization about cats and dogs in this example.
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á€€á€„á€•á€™á€Źá€á€œá€„á€ș á€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șá€™á€»á€Źá€žá€”á€Ÿá€„á€·á€ș á€á€œá€±á€žá€™á€»á€Źá€žá€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှ á€šá€±á€˜á€Żá€šá€»á€–á€±á€Źá€șပဌချကá€șတစá€șခု á€•á€Œá€Żá€œá€Żá€•á€șနေပါသညá€ș။
01:42
And finally, ‘It's cold in winter.’
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နေဏကá€șဆုံသဥနေနá€Č့ 'ဆေဏငá€șá€žá€›á€Źá€žá€źá€™á€Ÿá€Ź ဥေသတယá€ș။'
01:45
This really depends on where you live, but for a lot of people, or let's say for
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ဒါက သငá€șနေထိုငá€șတá€Č့ နေရဏပေါá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Ź á€Ąá€™á€Ÿá€”á€șတကယá€șမူတညá€șပါတယá€ș၊ ဒါပေမယ့á€ș á€œá€°á€á€±á€Źá€șတေဏá€șá€™á€»á€Źá€žá€™á€»á€Źá€žá€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș á€’á€«á€™á€Ÿá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș
01:49
most people, it is cold in the winter,
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á€œá€°á€Ąá€™á€»á€Źá€žá€…á€Żá€Ąá€á€œá€€á€șá€†á€­á€Żá€€á€Œá€•á€«á€…á€­á€Żá€·áŠ ဆေဏငá€șá€žá€›á€Źá€žá€źá€™á€Ÿá€Ź ဥေသတယá€ș၊
01:52
so that's the truth for some people.
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á€’á€«á€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș á€á€á€»á€­á€Żá€·á€œá€°á€á€œá€±á€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș á€Ąá€™á€Ÿá€”á€șတရဏသပါပá€Č။
01:56
Now let's look back and see what verb I used in the present simple tense.
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အခု ပဌနá€șကဌည့á€ș á€•á€Œá€źá€ž ပစá€čစုပá€čပနá€ș á€›á€­á€Żá€žá€›á€Ÿá€„á€șှတá€Č့ ဥချိနá€ș á€™á€Ÿá€Ź ဘယá€șá€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Ź ကို သုံသ လá€Č ကဌည့á€ș ရဥေဏငá€ș ။
02:02
For the first sentence, we have ‘is’.
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á€•á€‘á€™á€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șá€žá€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș 'is' ရဟိသညá€ș။
02:04
I use the ‘be’ verb ‘is’ to talk about the Sun.
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နေမငá€șá€žá€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șá€žá€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€–á€­á€Żá€· 'be' verb 'is' ကိုသုံသပါတယá€ș။
02:09
In the next sentence, I use the negative of do - ‘do not’
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နေဏကá€șá€á€«á€€á€»á€™á€Ÿá€ŹáŠ do - 'do not' ဆိုတá€Č့ အနုတá€șလကá€čခဏာကို သုံသ
02:15
And you'll notice I use the contraction and put these two words together to make it ‘don't’.
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á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€á€±á€Źá€· á€€á€»á€Żá€¶á€·á€•á€Œá€źá€ž á€’á€źá€…á€€á€Źá€žá€œá€Żá€¶á€žá€”á€Ÿá€…á€șá€œá€Żá€¶á€žá€€á€­á€Ż 'မလုပá€șဘူှ' ဖဌစá€șဥေဏငá€ș တလá€Čသုံသတဏ á€žá€á€­á€‘á€Źá€žá€™á€­á€™á€Ÿá€Źá€•á€«á‹
02:22
‘Cats are better than dogs.’
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'á€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șတလေက ခလေသတလေထကá€ș ပိုကေဏငá€șှတယá€ș'
02:25
I use the ‘be’ verb "are" to talk about cats because ‘cats’ is plural.
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á€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șá€á€œá€±á€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șá€žá€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€–á€­á€Żá€· 'be' á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Ź "are" ကိုသုံသပါတယá€ș 'cats' က ဥမျဏသကိနá€șသပါ။
02:31
And finally, it's cold and winter.
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နေဏကá€șဆုံသဥနေနá€Č့ကတေဏ့ á€Ąá€±á€žá€•á€Œá€źá€ž ဆေဏငá€șသရဏသဟပေါ့။
02:34
Here I use the ‘be’ verb "is" again,
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á€€á€”á€±á€›á€Źá€á€œá€„á€ș ကျလနá€șုပá€șသညá€ș 'be' á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Ź "is" ကို ထပá€șá€™á€¶á€Ąá€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€•á€Œá€Żá€žá€±á€Źá€șလညá€șှ
02:37
but I use the contraction to combine ‘it’ and ‘is’
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'it' နဟင့á€ș 'is' တို့ကို ပေါငá€șှစပá€șရနá€ș á€€á€»á€Żá€¶á€·á€á€Œá€„á€șှကို á€Ąá€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€•á€Œá€Żá€•á€Œá€źá€ž
02:42
and made ‘it’s’.
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'it's' ဖဌစá€șသညá€ș။
02:44
Let's move on to the next usage.
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နေဏကá€șá€Ąá€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€•á€Œá€Żá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€žá€­á€Żá€· ဆကá€șá€žá€œá€Źá€žá€€á€Œá€•á€«á€…á€­á€Żá€·á‹
02:47
We also use the present simple tense to talk about habits and routines.
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á€Ąá€œá€±á€·á€Ąá€‘á€™á€»á€Źá€žá€”á€Ÿá€„á€·á€ș လုပá€șရိုှလုပá€șစဉá€șá€™á€»á€Źá€žá€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှ ဆလေသနလေသရနá€ș ပစá€čစုပá€čပနá€șရိုှရိုှတငá€șá€žá€™á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€€á€­á€Żá€œá€Šá€șှ á€Ąá€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€•á€Œá€Żá€•á€«á€žá€Šá€ș။
02:52
So things and actions that happen regularly.
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á€’á€«á€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș á€•á€Żá€¶á€™á€Ÿá€”á€șဖဌစá€șပျကá€șနေတá€Č့ á€Ąá€›á€Źá€á€œá€±áŠ
02:55
Let’s look at the examples.
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á€„á€•á€™á€Źá€á€œá€±á€€á€­á€Ż ကဌည့á€șရဥေဏငá€ș။
02:56
‘I always eat lunch at noon.’
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'နေ့လညá€șစာ á€Ąá€™á€Œá€Čစာှတယá€ș။'
03:00
You'll notice I use the adverb ‘always’ because I'm talking about something that I
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ငါ
03:05
do regularly.
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á€•á€Żá€¶á€™á€Ÿá€”á€șလုပá€șတá€Č့ဥရဏတစá€șá€á€Żá€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șá€žá€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€”á€±á€á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€á€­á€žá€±á€žá€” 'á€Ąá€™á€Œá€Čတမá€șှ' ကိုသုံသတဏ မငá€șá€žá€žá€á€­á€‘á€Źá€žá€™á€­á€œá€­á€™á€·á€șမယá€ș။
03:06
What is that?
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အá€Čá€’á€«á€˜á€Źá€œá€Č?
03:07
‘Eat lunch at noon.’
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'နေ့လညá€șစာစာှ။'
03:09
So I use the present simple tense.
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á€’á€«á€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș ပစá€čစုပá€čပနá€șရိုှရိုှတငá€șှတာကို သုံသပါတယá€ș။
03:11
And here I use the verb ‘eat’.
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á€’á€źá€”á€±á€›á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Ź ငါ 'စာှ' ဆိုတá€Č့ á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€€á€­á€Ż သုံသပါတယá€ș။
03:14
‘I eat
’
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'ငါစဏသတယá€ș...'
03:16
The second example says you play games every day.
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ဒုတိယငပမဏက မငá€șှ နေ့တိုငá€șှ ဂိမá€șသဆေဏ့တယá€șဆိုတယá€ș။
03:20
Do you see the clue that helps you know that this is something that happens regularly?
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ကဥရဏသညá€ș á€•á€Żá€¶á€™á€Ÿá€”á€șဖဌစá€șပျကá€șနေသည့á€șá€Ąá€›á€Źá€–á€Œá€…á€șသညá€șကို သငá€șသိရနá€ș ကူညဟပေသသည့á€ș သá€Čလလနá€șစကို သငá€șမဌငá€șá€•á€«á€žá€œá€Źá€žá‹
03:25
It's ‘every day’.
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'နေ့တိုငá€șှ' ပါ။
03:26
So it's something that happens as a routine or a habit,
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á€’á€«á€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș á€’á€«á€Ÿá€Ź လုပá€șရိုှလုပá€șစဉá€ș á€’á€«á€™á€Ÿá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș á€Ąá€œá€±á€·á€Ąá€‘á€á€…á€șခုဥနေနá€Č့ ဖဌစá€șပျကá€șနေတဏ
03:30
so you play games.
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á€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș ဂိမá€șá€žá€á€œá€±á€†á€±á€Źá€·á€•á€«á‹
03:32
The verb here is ‘play’.
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á€€á€”á€±á€›á€ŹáŒ á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€žá€Šá€ș 'á€€á€…á€Źá€žá€á€Œá€„á€șှ' ဖဌစá€șသညá€ș။
03:34
‘You play
’
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'မငá€șှကစာှတယá€ș...'
03:36
The next example says ‘Seth starts work at 9:00 a.m. daily.’
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နေဏကá€șငပမဏတစá€șခုက 'Seth က နေ့စဉá€ș မနကá€ș 9:00 á€™á€Ÿá€Ź အလုပá€șစတယá€ș။
03:42
Again this is something that happens regularly.
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တစá€șဖနá€ș ကသညá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Ź á€•á€Żá€¶á€™á€Ÿá€”á€șဖဌစá€șပျကá€șá€”á€±á€žá€±á€Źá€Ąá€›á€Źá€–á€Œá€…á€șသညá€ș။
03:44
‘Seth goes to work at 9:00 a.m.’ every day.
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'Seth က နေ့တိုငá€șှ မနကá€ș 9:00 á€™á€Ÿá€Ź အလုပá€șလုပá€șတယá€ș။
03:49
Now you'll notice I put a blue line under the ‘s’ in ‘starts’.
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အခုဆို starts á€™á€Ÿá€Ź 's' ဆိုတá€Č့ á€Ąá€•á€Œá€Źá€›á€±á€Źá€„á€șá€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șသလေသ ရေသထဏသတဏကို á€žá€á€­á€‘á€Źá€žá€™á€­á€™á€Ÿá€Źá€•á€«á‹
03:54
Can you figure out why?
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á€˜á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€șလá€Čဆိုတာ သိနိုငá€șá€•á€«á€žá€œá€Źá€žá‹
03:56
Well remember that when the subject of a sentence is ‘he’, ‘she’, or ‘it’,
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ဝါကျတစá€șá€á€Żáá€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှအရာသညá€ș 'he', 'she', á€žá€­á€Żá€·á€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș 'it' ဖဌစá€șသေဏဥခါ
04:01
we need to add an ‘s’ or ‘es’ to the end of the verb in the present simple tense.
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á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źáá€Ąá€†á€Żá€¶á€žá€á€œá€„á€ș 's' á€žá€­á€Żá€·á€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș 'es' ထည့á€șရနá€ș လိုအပá€șသညá€șကို သတိရပါ။
04:08
Seth is a ‘he’, so we need to add an ‘s’.
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Seth သညá€ș 'he' ဖဌစá€șá€žá€±á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș 's' ကို ထည့á€șရနá€ș လိုအပá€șသညá€ș။
04:12
‘Seth starts work at 9:00 a.m. daily.’
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'Seth သညá€ș နေ့စဉá€ș နံနကá€ș ၉ á€”á€Źá€›á€źá€á€œá€„á€ș အလုပá€șစတငá€șသညá€ș။'
04:16
And the last example: ‘They study English every Monday.’
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နေဏကá€șဆုံသ ငပမဏ- 'သူတို့က တနငá€șá€čá€œá€Źá€”á€±á€·á€á€­á€Żá€„á€șှ အငá€șá€čဂလိပá€șစာ á€œá€±á€·á€œá€Źá€á€šá€ș။'
04:20
Again, ‘every Monday’ means that they do it regularly,
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တဖနá€ș 'တနငá€șá€čá€œá€Źá€”á€±á€·á€á€­á€Żá€„á€șှ' ဆိုသညá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Ź ၎ငá€șသတို့ကို á€•á€Żá€¶á€™á€Ÿá€”á€șá€•á€Œá€Żá€œá€Żá€•á€șခဌငá€șသဖဌစá€șá€•á€Œá€źá€žáŠ
04:25
and that's why we use the present simple tense.
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á€‘á€­á€Żá€·á€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș ကျလနá€șုပá€șတို့သညá€ș ပစá€čစုပá€čပနá€șá€›á€­á€Żá€žá€›á€Ÿá€„á€șသသေဏဥချိနá€șကို á€Ąá€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€•á€Œá€Żá€•á€«á€žá€Šá€ș။
04:28
‘They study
’.
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'စဏကျကá€șကဌတယá€ș...'
04:30
So as a review, remember we use the present simple tense
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á€‘á€­á€Żá€·á€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș သုံသသပá€șချကá€șတစá€șá€á€Żá€Ąá€”á€±á€–á€Œá€„á€·á€ș ကျလနá€șုပá€șတို့သညá€ș
04:33
to talk about habits and routines that happen regularly.
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á€•á€Żá€¶á€™á€Ÿá€”á€șဖဌစá€șပျကá€șနေသည့á€ș á€Ąá€œá€±á€·á€Ąá€‘á€™á€»á€Źá€žá€”á€Ÿá€„á€·á€ș လုပá€șရိုှလုပá€șစဉá€șá€™á€»á€Źá€žá€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှ á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€†á€­á€Żá€›á€”á€ș ပစá€čစုပá€čပနá€șá€›á€­á€Żá€žá€›á€Ÿá€„á€șသသေဏဥချိနá€șကို á€Ąá€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€•á€Œá€Żá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှ သတိရပါ
04:38
Let's move on.
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။ ဆကá€șá€€á€Œá€›á€Ąá€±á€Źá€„á€ș။
04:39
We also use the present simple tense with non-continuous verbs.
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အဆကá€șမပဌတá€șá€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€™á€»á€Źá€žá€–á€Œá€„á€·á€ș ပစá€čစုပá€čပနá€șရိုှရိုှတငá€șá€žá€™á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€€á€­á€Żá€œá€Šá€șှ á€Ąá€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€•á€Œá€Żá€•á€«á€žá€Šá€ș။
04:44
These are verbs that we don't use in the continuous form,
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၎ငá€șသတို့သညá€ș á€šá€á€Żá€–á€Œá€…á€șပျကá€șနေသည့á€șတိုငá€ș
04:47
even if they're happening right now.
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ဆကá€șတိုကá€șá€•á€Żá€¶á€…á€¶á€–á€Œá€„á€·á€ș ကျလနá€șုပá€șá€á€­á€Żá€·á€Ąá€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€™á€•á€Œá€Żá€žá€±á€Źá€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€™á€»á€Źá€žá€–á€Œá€…á€șသညá€ș
04:50
They're also called stative verbs.
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။ သူတို့ကို stative verbs á€œá€­á€Żá€·á€œá€Šá€șှ ခေါá€șတယá€ș။
04:52
These are connected with thoughts, opinions, feelings, emotions, and our five senses.
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ဒါတလေက á€Ąá€á€œá€±á€žá€á€œá€±áŠ á€Ąá€™á€Œá€„á€șတလေ၊ ခံစဏသချကá€șတလေ၊ စိတá€șá€á€¶á€…á€Źá€žá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€œá€±áŠ ဥဏရုံငါသပါသနá€Č့ ဆကá€șစပá€șနေတယá€ș။
04:59
Let's look at these examples.
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á€’á€źá€„á€•á€™á€Źá€á€œá€±á€€á€­á€Ż ကဌည့á€șရဥေဏငá€ș။
05:00
‘I love my mom.’
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'ကျလနá€șမ ဥမေ့ကို ချစá€șတယá€ș။'
05:02
The verb here is ‘love’.
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á€’á€źá€”á€±á€›á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Ź á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€€ 'ချစá€șတယá€ș' တá€Č့။
05:04
That's an emotion, so I use the present simple tense.
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အá€Čဒါက စိတá€șá€á€¶á€…á€Źá€žá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€…á€șခုမို့ ကျလနá€șတေဏá€șကတေဏ့ present simple tense ကို သုံသပါတယá€ș။
05:08
‘It smells good.’
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'ဥနံ့ ကေဏငá€șှတယá€ș'
05:10
‘Smell’ is one of the five senses, so I use the present simple tense.
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'ဥနံ့' သညá€ș ဥဏရုံငါသပါသထá€Čမဟ တစá€șá€á€Żá€–á€Œá€…á€șá€žá€±á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș ပစá€čစုပá€čပနá€ș á€›á€­á€Żá€žá€›á€Ÿá€„á€șသသေဏ ဥချိနá€șကို သုံသပါသညá€ș။
05:15
You'll notice I underlined the ‘s’ because remember the subject is ‘it’.
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á€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှအရာက 'it' á€œá€­á€Żá€· မဟတá€șá€‘á€Źá€žá€œá€­á€Żá€· 's' ကို မျဉá€șှသာှထာှတာ á€žá€á€­á€‘á€Źá€žá€™á€­á€™á€Ÿá€Źá€•á€«á‹
05:21
‘Kelly feels happy.’
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'Kelly က ပျေဏá€șတယá€ș။'
05:25
This is talking about a feeling.
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ဒါက ခံစဏသချကá€șတစá€șá€á€Żá€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှ á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€”á€±á€á€Źá‹
05:27
Again the subject here is ‘Kelly’ which is a ‘she’,
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နေဏကá€șတဖနá€ș á€€á€”á€±á€›á€Źá€á€œá€„á€ș ဘာသာရပá€șသညá€ș 'သူမ' ဖဌစá€șသည့á€ș 'ကယá€șလြ' ဖဌစá€șသညá€ș၊
05:31
so I added an ‘s’ to the verb.
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á€‘á€­á€Żá€·á€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș ကျလနá€șုပá€șသညá€ș á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€žá€­á€Żá€· 's' ထည့á€șလိုကá€șပါသညá€ș။
05:34
And finally, ‘They need help.’
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နေဏကá€șဆုံသဥနေနá€Č့ 'á€žá€°á€á€­á€Żá€·á€Ąá€€á€°á€Ąá€Šá€źá€œá€­á€Żá€á€šá€ș။'
05:37
We don't say, ‘they are needing help’ even though it's happening right now.
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'သူတို့ á€Ąá€€á€°á€Ąá€Šá€źá€œá€­á€Żá€”á€±á€á€šá€ș' á€œá€­á€Żá€· á€œá€±á€Źá€œá€±á€Źá€†á€šá€ș á€™á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€á€á€șပါဘူသ။
05:42
‘Need’ is non-continuous, so we say, ‘they need help’,
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'လိုအပá€șသညá€ș' သညá€ș စဉá€șဆကá€șမပဌတá€șဖဌစá€șá€”á€±á€žá€±á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș 'á€žá€°á€á€­á€Żá€·á€Ąá€€á€°á€Ąá€Šá€źá€œá€­á€Żá€žá€Šá€ș' ဟုဆိုသညá€ș၊ á€‘á€­á€Żá€·á€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș
05:46
so remember you also use the present simple tense with non-continuous verbs,
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á€Ąá€á€œá€±á€žá€™á€»á€Źá€žáŠ á€Ąá€™á€Œá€„á€șမျဏသ၊ ခံစဏသချကá€șမျဏသ၊ စိတá€șá€á€¶á€…á€Źá€žá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€™á€»á€Źá€žá€”á€Ÿá€„á€·á€ș ကျလနá€șုပá€șá€á€­á€Żá€·á á€Ąá€Źá€›á€Żá€¶á€„á€«á€žá€•á€«á€žá€á€­á€Żá€·á€”á€Ÿá€„á€·á€ș ဆကá€șစပá€șနေသေဏ
05:52
connected with thoughts, opinions, feelings, emotions, and our five senses.
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ပစá€čစုပá€čပနá€șá€›á€­á€Żá€žá€›á€Ÿá€„á€șသသေဏ တငá€șá€žá€™á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€€á€­á€Żá€œá€Šá€șှ မဟတá€șသဏသထဏသပါ ။ ဆကá€șá€€á€Œá€›á€Ąá€±á€Źá€„á€ș။ စပဟကဏမျဏသသညá€ș
05:57
Let's move on.
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á€™á€á€±á€žá€á€±á€Źá€·á€žá€±á€Źá€Ąá€”á€Źá€‚á€á€șတလငá€ș
05:58
Speakers occasionally use the present simple tense to talk about something that will happen
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ဖဌစá€șပေါá€șá€œá€Źá€™á€Šá€·á€șဥရဏမျဏသကို á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€†á€­á€Żá€›á€”á€ș ပစá€čစုပá€čပနá€șရိုှရိုှတငá€șá€žá€™á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€€á€­á€Ż á€Ąá€á€«á€Ąá€Źá€žá€œá€»á€±á€Źá€șá€…á€œá€Ź á€Ąá€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€•á€Œá€Żá€€á€Œá€žá€Šá€ș
06:03
in the near future.
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။
06:05
Now this can be a little confusing, but we're not using the future tense,
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ယခုတေဏ့ အနညá€șှငယá€ș á€›á€Ÿá€Żá€•á€șá€‘á€œá€±á€žá€”á€­á€Żá€„á€șသေဏá€șလညá€șှ အနာဂတá€șကာလကို ကျလနá€șုပá€șတို့ မသုံသတေဏ့ပါ၊
06:10
we're using the present simple tense.
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ကျလနá€șုပá€șတို့သညá€ș ပစá€čစုပá€čပနá€ș á€›á€­á€Żá€žá€›á€Ÿá€„á€șသသေဏ ဥချိနá€șကို á€Ąá€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€•á€Œá€Żá€”á€±á€•á€«á€žá€Šá€ș။
06:12
It's possible to do that and it's actually common for people to do that.
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အá€Čဒါကို လုပá€șနိုငá€șတယá€ș၊ အá€Čဒါက á€œá€°á€á€œá€±á€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș တကယá€șဖဌစá€șá€›á€­á€Żá€žá€–á€Œá€…á€șစဉá€șပါပá€Č။
06:16
Again, for something that will happen in the near future.
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နေဏကá€șတဖနá€ș á€™á€á€±á€žá€á€±á€Źá€·á€žá€±á€Ź အနာဂတá€șတလငá€ș ဖဌစá€șပေါá€șá€œá€Źá€™á€Šá€·á€ș တစá€șစုံတစá€șá€á€Żá€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș။
06:20
Let's look at the examples.
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á€„á€•á€™á€Źá€á€œá€±á€€á€­á€Ż ကဌည့á€șရဥေဏငá€ș။
06:22
‘I have class at 6 p.m.’
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'ငါ အတနá€șသချိနá€ș 6 နာရြ '
06:25
‘6 p.m.’ that's pretty soon, so I can say,
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' 6 နာရြ ' ဆိုတေဏ့ 'ငါ အတနá€șá€žá€›á€Ÿá€­á€•á€Œá€ź'
06:28
'I have class.'
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á€œá€­á€Żá€· á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€”á€­á€Żá€„á€șပါတယá€ș ။
06:30
- the present simple tense.
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- ပစá€čစုပá€čပနá€șá€›á€­á€Żá€žá€›á€Ÿá€„á€șသသေဏဥချိနá€ș။
06:32
‘Lisa arrives on Sunday.’
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'Lisa တနငá€șá€čá€‚á€”á€œá€±á€™á€Ÿá€Ź ရေဏကá€șမယá€ș။'
06:35
Again the near future, ‘Sunday’.
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á€™á€á€±á€žá€á€±á€Źá€·á€á€Č့ဥနဏဂတá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Ź 'တနငá€șá€čဂနလေနေ့' ကို ထပá€șတလေ့ပဌနá€șတယá€ș။
06:38
So I use the present simple tense.
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á€’á€«á€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș ပစá€čစုပá€čပနá€șရိုှရိုှတငá€șှတာကို သုံသပါတယá€ș။
06:41
I added an ‘s’ at the end of arrive, because Lisa, the subject, is a ‘she’.
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ဆိုကá€șရေဏကá€șá€á€«á€”á€źá€žá€™á€Ÿá€Ź 's' ကို ထည့á€șလိုကá€șတယá€ș၊ á€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှအရငá€șှက Lisa က 'သူမ' á€™á€­á€Żá€·á€œá€­á€Żá€·á€•á€«á‹
06:48
‘We start work soon.’
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'ငါတို့ á€™á€€á€Œá€Źá€á€„á€ș အလုပá€șစတေဏ့မယá€ș။'
06:51
Again, the near future, ‘soon’,
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နေဏကá€șတဖနá€ș á€™á€á€±á€žá€á€±á€Źá€·á€žá€±á€Źá€Ąá€”á€Źá€‚á€á€ș၊ 'á€™á€€á€Œá€Źá€™á€ź'၊
06:53
so I use the present simple verb ‘start’.
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á€‘á€­á€Żá€·á€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș ကျလနá€șုပá€șသညá€ș ပစá€čစုပá€čပနá€șá€›á€­á€Żá€žá€›á€Ÿá€„á€șá€žá€žá€±á€Źá€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Ź 'စတငá€șခဌငá€șှ' ကိုသုံသပါသညá€ș။
06:58
And finally, ‘My students come tomorrow.’
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နေဏကá€șဆုံသတေဏ့ 'ငါ့ကျေဏငá€șá€žá€žá€Źá€žá€á€œá€± မနကá€șဖဌနá€șလာမယá€ș။'
07:01
This is something that will happen in the near future,
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ဒါက á€™á€á€±á€žá€á€±á€Źá€·á€á€Č့ဥနဏဂတá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Ź ဖဌစá€șá€œá€Źá€á€±á€Źá€·
07:05
so I use the verb ‘come’.
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မယ့á€ș á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Ź 'come' ကို သုံသပါတယá€ș။
07:08
So remember it is possible, and it is common to use the present simple tense
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á€‘á€­á€Żá€·á€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș ဖဌစá€șနိုငá€șသညá€șကို သတိရပါ၊
07:13
to talk about something that will happen in the near future.
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á€™á€á€±á€žá€á€±á€Źá€·á€žá€±á€Ź အနာဂတá€șတလငá€ș ဖဌစá€șပျကá€șá€œá€Źá€™á€Šá€·á€ș ဥရဏမျဏသကို á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€†á€­á€Żá€›á€”á€ș ပစá€čစုပá€čပနá€ș á€›á€­á€Żá€žá€›á€Ÿá€„á€șသသေဏ တငá€șá€žá€™á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€€á€­á€Ż á€Ąá€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€•á€Œá€Żá€á€Œá€„á€șှသညá€ș သာမာနá€șဖဌစá€șသညá€ș။
07:18
Let's go to the next usage.
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နေဏကá€șá€Ąá€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€•á€Œá€Żá€”á€Šá€șှကို á€žá€œá€Źá€žá€€á€Œá€Šá€·á€șရဥေဏငá€ș။
07:19
Let's talk about a possible negative usage for the present simple tense,
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ပစá€čစုပá€čပနá€șရိုှရိုှတငá€șá€žá€™á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș ဖဌစá€șနိုငá€șချေရဟိတá€Č့ အနုတá€șလကá€čá€á€á€Źá€Ąá€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€•á€Œá€Żá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှ á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€€á€Œá€Šá€·á€șရဥေဏငá€ș၊
07:23
and that is ‘do not’ and ‘does not’.
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အá€Čဒါကတေဏ့ 'မလုပá€ș' နá€Č့ 'မလုပá€șဘူှ' ပါ။
07:27
The first example says, ‘Mike eats bread.’
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ပထမငပမဏက 'မိုကá€șက မုန့á€șစာှတယá€ș' တá€Č့။
07:31
I put an ‘s’ at the end of ‘eat’ because the subject is Mike which is a ‘he’.
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'စာှ' ရá€Čá€·á€Ąá€†á€Żá€¶á€žá€™á€Ÿá€Ź 's' ရေသထဏသတဏမို့ á€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှအရာက 'သူ' ဖဌစá€șတá€Č့ Mike ဖဌစá€șပါတယá€ș။
07:37
Now that's not a negative statement.
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အခုက ဥပျကá€șá€žá€˜á€±á€Źá€†á€±á€Źá€„á€șတá€Č့ á€€á€Œá€±á€Šá€Źá€á€»á€€á€șတေဏ့ မဟုတá€șပါဘူသ။
07:40
What happens when I want to turn it into a negative statement?
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၎ငá€șှကို á€Ąá€”á€Ÿá€Żá€á€șလကá€čá€á€á€Źá€Ąá€–á€Œá€…á€șသို့ á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှလá€Čá€œá€­á€Żá€žá€±á€Źá€Ąá€á€« á€˜á€Źá€–á€Œá€…á€șá€žá€œá€Źá€žá€žá€”á€Šá€șှ။
07:43
Well I change it like this - ‘Mike doesn't eat bread.’
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'မိုကá€șက မုန့á€șမစာှဘူှ'၊
07:47
So you'll notice that I didn't move the ‘s’ here, okay.
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ဒဟတေဏ့ ငါ 's' ကို á€’á€źá€™á€Ÿá€Ź á€™á€›á€œá€Ÿá€±á€·á€˜á€°á€žá€†á€­á€Żá€á€Ź မငá€șှ á€žá€á€­á€‘á€Źá€žá€™á€­á€œá€­á€™á€·á€șမယá€ș။
07:52
Instead I added ‘doesn't’.
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အá€Čဒြအစာှ 'မလုပá€șဘူှ' á€œá€­á€Żá€· ထပá€șဖဌည့á€șလိုကá€șတယá€ș။
07:53
I took ‘does’ and ‘not’ and I turned it into a contraction by combining the two
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ငါ 'လုပá€ș' နá€Č့ 'မ' ကို ယူလိုကá€șá€•á€Œá€źá€ž နဟစá€șခုကို ပေါငá€șá€žá€•á€Œá€źá€ž
08:00
and making it ‘doesn't’.
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'မလုပá€șဘူှ' ဖဌစá€șဥေဏငá€ș လုပá€șလိုကá€șတယá€ș။
08:02
So if the subject is ‘he’, ‘she’, or ‘it’,
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á€’á€«á€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș á€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှအရာက 'he'၊ 'she' á€’á€«á€™á€Ÿá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș 'it' ဆိုရငá€ș
08:06
we use ‘does not’ or ‘doesn't’ to make it negative.
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'not' á€žá€­á€Żá€·á€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș 'does't' ကို အနုတá€șလကá€čá€á€á€Źá€–á€Œá€…á€șဥေဏငá€ș သုံသပါတယá€ș။
08:10
‘You swim well.’
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'မငá€șှ á€›á€±á€€á€°á€žá€œá€­á€Żá€·á€€á€±á€Źá€„á€șှလာှ'
08:12
In this case, I don't need to put an ‘s’ at the end of ‘swim’ because the subject
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á€’á€źá€”á€±á€›á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Ź 's' ကို 'swim' ရá€Čá€·á€Ąá€†á€Żá€¶á€žá€™á€Ÿá€Ź ထည့á€șဖို့ á€™á€œá€­á€Żá€˜á€°á€žá€†á€­á€Żá€á€±á€Źá€· á€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှအရာက
08:17
is ‘you’.
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'မငá€șှ' ပါ။
08:18
If I want to make this sentence negative, I use ‘don't’.
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á€’á€źá€á€«á€€á€»á€€á€­á€Ż á€Ąá€†á€­á€Żá€žá€™á€Œá€„á€șချငá€șရငá€șတေဏ့ 'မလုပá€ș' ကိုသုံသပါတယá€ș။
08:23
‘You don't swim well.’
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'မငá€șှ ရေမကူသတတá€șဘူှ'
08:26
I use the contraction for ‘do’ and ‘not’.
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ကျလနá€șတေဏá€șကတေဏ့ 'do' နá€Č့ 'not' á€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș ကျုံ့တဏကို သုံသပါတယá€ș။
08:29
I combine them to make ‘don't’,
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ငါ အá€Čá€’á€«á€á€œá€±á€€á€­á€Ż 'မလုပá€șဘူှ' ဖဌစá€șဥေဏငá€ș ပေါငá€șှစပá€șထာှတယá€ș၊
08:32
so if the subject is ‘I’, ‘you’, ‘we’, or ‘they’,
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á€’á€«á€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș á€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှအရာက 'ငါ'၊ 'မငá€șှ'၊ 'ငါ' á€’á€«á€™á€Ÿá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș 'သူတို့' ဆိုရငá€ș
08:36
we use ‘do not’ or ‘don't’.
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'မလုပá€ș' á€’á€«á€™á€Ÿá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș 'မလုပá€șဘူှ' á€†á€­á€Żá€•á€Œá€źá€ž သုံသပါတယá€ș။
08:40
So to review ‘do not’ and ‘does not’ or ‘don't’ and ‘doesn't’
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á€‘á€­á€Żá€·á€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș 'မလုပá€ș' နဟင့á€ș 'မလုပá€ș' á€žá€­á€Żá€·á€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș 'မလုပá€ș' နဟင့á€ș 'မ' တို့ကို ပဌနá€șလညá€șသုံသသပá€șရနá€ș 'မ' သညá€ș ပစá€čစုပá€čပနá€șရိုှရိုှ
08:45
is a possible usage for the negative for present simple
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တငá€șá€žá€™á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Ż á€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș အနုတá€șလကá€čá€á€á€Źá€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș ဖဌစá€șနိုငá€șá€á€»á€±á€›á€Ÿá€­á€žá€±á€Ź á€Ąá€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€•á€Œá€Żá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€–á€Œá€…á€șသညá€ș
08:49
tense.
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။
08:50
Let's continue on.
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ဆကá€șá€€á€Œá€›á€Ąá€±á€Źá€„á€ș။
08:51
Now I'll talk about one possible question form for the present simple tense
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အခုလကá€șရဟိ á€›á€­á€Żá€žá€›á€Ÿá€„á€șှတá€Č့ တငá€șá€žá€™á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș ဖဌစá€șနိုငá€șတá€Č့ မေသခလနá€șသပုံစံတစá€șá€á€Żá€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှ á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€•á€Œá€™á€šá€ș
08:56
and that is by using ‘do’ or ‘does’.
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၊ အá€Čဒါကတေဏ့ 'do' á€žá€­á€Żá€·á€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș 'does' á€€á€­á€Żá€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€á€Œá€„á€șသပါ။
09:00
So let's look at the example, ‘They live here.’
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ဒဟတေဏ့ 'သူတို့ á€’á€źá€™á€Ÿá€Ź နေထိုငá€șတယá€ș' ဆိုတá€Č့ ငပမဏကို ကဌည့á€șရဥေဏငá€ș။
09:04
That's not a question, right?
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ဒါမေသခလနá€șှမဟုတá€șဘူှ ဟုတá€șတယá€șဟုတá€ș။
09:05
'They live here’
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'á€žá€°á€á€­á€Żá€·á€’á€źá€™á€Ÿá€Źá€”á€±á€€á€Œá€á€šá€ș'
09:07
In order to turn it into a question, it's really simple.
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á€œá€­á€Żá€· မေသခလနá€șှတစá€șá€á€Żá€Ąá€–á€Œá€…á€șá€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șá€žá€–á€­á€Żá€·á€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș တကယ့á€șá€€á€­á€Żá€›á€­á€Żá€žá€›á€Ÿá€„á€șသပါတယá€ș။
09:11
All I have to do is add ‘do’ to the beginning and add a question mark at the end.
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á€„á€«á€œá€Żá€•á€șá€›á€™á€Ÿá€Źá€€ á€Ąá€…á€™á€Ÿá€Ź 'do' ကိုထည့á€șá€•á€Œá€źá€ž á€Ąá€†á€Żá€¶á€žá€™á€Ÿá€Ź မေသခလနá€șá€žá€Ąá€™á€Ÿá€á€șဥသဏသထည့á€șပါ။
09:16
‘Do they live here?’
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'သူတို့ á€’á€źá€™á€Ÿá€Źá€”á€±á€œá€Źá€žá‹'
09:19
So if the subject is ‘I’, ‘you’, ‘we’, or ‘they’,
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á€’á€«á€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș á€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှအရာက 'ငါ'၊ 'မငá€șှ'၊ 'ငါ' á€’á€«á€™á€Ÿá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș 'သူတို့' ဆိုရငá€ș
09:23
simply add ‘do’ to the beginning of the question.
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မေသခလနá€șှရá€Čá€·á€Ąá€…á€™á€Ÿá€Ź 'do' ကို á€›á€­á€Żá€žá€›á€­á€Żá€žá€›á€Ÿá€„á€șသရဟငá€șသထည့á€șလိုကá€șပါ။
09:26
How about this one, ‘He plays soccer.’
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'သူ á€˜á€±á€Źá€œá€Żá€¶á€žá€€á€…á€Źá€žá€”á€±á€á€Źá€œá€Źá€žá‹'
09:30
In this statement, the subject is ‘he’ and that's why you should know by now,
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ကဖေဏá€șပဌချကá€șတလငá€ș á€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șá€žá€Ąá€›á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Ź 'သူ' ဖဌစá€șá€žá€±á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș ယခုဥချိနá€șတလငá€ș သငá€șသိထဏသသင့á€șသညá€ș၊
09:36
I have an ‘s’ at the end of ‘play’.
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'á€€á€…á€Źá€žá€á€Œá€„á€șှ' áá€Ąá€†á€Żá€¶á€žá€á€œá€„á€ș ကျလနá€șုပá€șတလငá€ș 's' ရဟိသညá€ș။
09:39
However, to turn this into a question, I add ‘does’ at the beginning.
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ဒါပေမယ့á€ș ဒါကို မေသခလနá€șှတစá€șá€á€Żá€Ąá€–á€Œá€…á€ș á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှလá€Čá€–á€­á€Żá€·á€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș á€Ąá€…á€™á€Ÿá€Ź 'does' á€œá€­á€Żá€· ထည့á€șလိုကá€șတယá€ș။
09:44
‘Does he play soccer?’
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'သူ á€˜á€±á€Źá€œá€Żá€¶á€žá€€á€…á€Źá€žá€”á€±á€á€Źá€œá€Źá€žá‹'
09:48
What you'll notice here is that I no longer have the ‘s’ at the end of play.
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á€’á€źá€”á€±á€›á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Ź သငá€șá€žá€á€­á€‘á€Źá€žá€™á€­á€™á€Ÿá€Źá€€ á€€á€…á€Źá€žá€•á€œá€Čá€Ąá€•á€Œá€źá€žá€™á€Ÿá€Ź 's' á€™á€›á€Ÿá€­á€á€±á€Źá€·á€˜á€°á€žá‹
09:54
Instead I just used ‘does’ at the beginning,
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á€Ąá€…á€™á€Ÿá€Ź 'does' ကိုပá€Čသုံသတယá€ș၊
09:57
so for ‘he’, ‘she’, or ‘it’, put ‘does’ at the beginning,
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á€’á€«á€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș 'he', 'she', á€’á€«á€™á€Ÿá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș 'it' á€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș á€Ąá€…á€™á€Ÿá€Ź 'does' á€‘á€Źá€žá€•á€Œá€źá€ž
10:01
and don't worry about putting an ‘s’ or ‘es’ at the end of the verb.
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's' á€’á€«á€™á€Ÿá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș 'es' ထည့á€șဖို့ စိတá€șမပူပါနá€Č့။ á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źáá€Ąá€†á€Żá€¶á€žá‹
10:06
So to review, one possible way of forming a question for the present simple tense is
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á€‘á€­á€Żá€·á€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș ပဌနá€șလညá€șသုံသသပá€șရနá€ș၊ ပစá€čစုပá€čပနá€șá€›á€­á€Żá€žá€›á€Ÿá€„á€șá€žá€žá€±á€Źá€€á€Źá€œá€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș ဖဌစá€șနိုငá€șá€á€»á€±á€›á€Ÿá€­á€žá€±á€Ź မေသခလနá€șှတစá€șခုကို ဖလá€Č့စညá€șှရနá€șနညá€șှလမá€șá€žá€™á€Ÿá€Ź
10:13
using ‘do’ or ‘does’ at the beginning.
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á€Ąá€…á€á€œá€„á€ș 'do' á€žá€­á€Żá€·á€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș 'does' ကို á€Ąá€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€•á€Œá€Żá€á€Œá€„á€șသဖဌစá€șသညá€ș။
10:16
Alright let's move on.
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ကေဏငá€șá€žá€•á€Œá€ź ဆကá€șá€žá€œá€Źá€žá€€á€Œá€›á€Ąá€±á€Źá€„á€ș။
10:17
Let's start with the first checkup.
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ပထမဆုံသစစá€șá€†á€±á€žá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€”á€Čá€·á€…á€œá€­á€Żá€€á€șရဥေဏငá€ș။
10:20
In this checkup, I want you to focus on the ‘be’ verbs.
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ကစစá€șá€†á€±á€žá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€œá€„á€ș 'be' á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€™á€»á€Źá€žá€€á€­á€Ż ဥဏရုံစိုကá€șá€…á€±á€œá€­á€Żá€•á€«á€žá€Šá€ș။
10:24
Remember ‘be’ verbs, in the present simple tense, can be ‘is’, ‘am’, or ‘are’.
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'be' á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Ź ၊ ပစá€čစုပá€čပနá€ș နိယာမ á€™á€Ÿá€Ź 'is', 'am', á€žá€­á€Żá€·á€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș 'are' တို့ကို သတိရပါ။
10:31
Take a look at the first sentence.
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á€•á€‘á€™á€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှကို á€œá€±á€·á€œá€Źá€€á€Œá€Šá€·á€șပါ။
10:32
It says, ‘She _ blank _ at school.’
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'သူမ _ ဗလာ _ ကျေဏငá€șá€žá€™á€Ÿá€Ź' á€œá€­á€Żá€·á€†á€­á€Żá€á€šá€ș။
10:37
The subject of this sentence is ‘she’.
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á€€á€á€«á€€á€»áá€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șá€žá€Ąá€›á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Ź 'သူမ' ဖဌစá€șသညá€ș။
10:41
What ‘be’ verb do we use for ‘she’?
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'သူမ' á€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș 'be' á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€€ á€˜á€Źá€€á€­á€Żá€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€á€Źá€œá€Č။
10:43
The correct answer is ‘is’.
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á€Ąá€–á€Œá€±á€™á€Ÿá€”á€șက 'is' ပါ။
10:48
Now if you were thinking of the negative, the
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အခု á€Ąá€†á€­á€Żá€žá€™á€Œá€„á€șတာကို တလေသနေတယá€șဆိုရငá€ș
10:51
correct answer would be ‘she isn't’
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á€Ąá€–á€Œá€±á€™á€Ÿá€”á€șက 'သူမမဟုတá€șဘူှ'
10:53
or ‘she is not’.
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á€’á€«á€™á€Ÿá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș 'သူမမဟုတá€șဘူှ' ဖဌစá€șလိမ့á€șမယá€ș။
10:56
That's correct as well.
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ဒါလညá€șသမဟနá€șတယá€ș။
10:58
And if we want to use a contraction for ‘she is’, we can say ‘she's at school’
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á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€á€±á€Źá€· 'သူမ' á€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș ကျုံ့တဏကို သုံသချငá€șရငá€ș 'သူမ ကျေဏငá€șá€žá€™á€Ÿá€Ź' á€œá€­á€Żá€· á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€”á€­á€Żá€„á€șသလို
11:05
For the next one, it says, ‘They _ blank _ twenty years old.’
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နေဏကá€șတစá€șမျိုသကတေဏ့ 'သူတို့ _ ဗလာ _ အသကá€ș နဟစá€șဆယá€ș' á€œá€­á€Żá€· á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€œá€­á€Żá€·á€›á€•á€«á€á€šá€ș။
11:11
The subject of this sentence is ‘they’.
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á€€á€á€«á€€á€»áá€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șá€žá€Ąá€›á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Ź 'သူတို့' ဖဌစá€șသညá€ș။
11:14
What ‘be’ verb do we use for ‘they’?
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'သူတို့' á€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș 'be' á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€€ á€˜á€Źá€€á€­á€Żá€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€á€Źá€œá€Č။
11:17
The correct answer is ‘are’.
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á€Ąá€–á€Œá€±á€™á€Ÿá€”á€șက 'are' ပါ။
11:24
For the negative, you can also use ‘aren't’ or ‘are not’.
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အနုတá€șလကá€čá€á€á€Źá€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș သငá€șသညá€ș 'are't' á€žá€­á€Żá€·á€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș 'are not' ကိုလညá€șှ သုံသနိုငá€șသညá€ș။
11:29
Also if you want to use the contraction for ‘they are’, you can say,
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á€‘á€­á€Żá€·á€Ąá€•á€Œá€„á€ș 'သူတို့' á€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș á€€á€»á€Żá€¶á€·á€á€Œá€„á€șှကို á€Ąá€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€•á€Œá€Żá€œá€­á€Żá€•á€«á€€
11:34
‘They're 20 years old.’
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'အသကá€ș 20 ဖဌစá€șသညá€ș' ဟု á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€”á€­á€Żá€„á€șပါသညá€ș။
11:38
The next sentence says, ‘His father _ blank_ busy.’
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နေဏကá€șá€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှက 'သူ့ဥဖေ _ blank_ အလုပá€șမျဏသနေတယá€ș' တá€Č့။
11:42
The subject of this sentence is ‘his father’.
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á€€á€á€«á€€á€»áá€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șá€žá€Ąá€›á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Ź 'သူ့ဥဖေ' ဖဌစá€șသညá€ș။
11:47
What subject pronoun do we use for ‘his father’?
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'သူ့ဥဖေ' á€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș ဘယá€șဘာသာရပá€șနာမá€șစာှကို á€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€á€Źá€œá€Č။
11:51
The correct answer is ‘he’.
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á€Ąá€–á€Œá€±á€™á€Ÿá€”á€șက 'သူ'။
11:53
Remember for ‘he’, ‘she’, ‘it’, the ‘be’ verb is ‘is’.
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'he', 'she', 'it', 'be' သညá€ș 'is' ကို သတိရပါ။
12:00
For the negative, we can say ‘isn't’ or ‘is not’.
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အနုတá€șလကá€čá€á€á€Źá€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș 'မဟုတá€ș' á€žá€­á€Żá€·á€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș 'မဟုတá€ș' ဟု ဆိုနိုငá€șသညá€ș။
12:05
And for a contraction, for ‘father’ and ‘is’, we can say, ‘His father's busy.’
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'ဥဖေ' နá€Č့ 'ဖဌစá€ș' ဆိုတေဏ့ 'သူ့ဥဖေ အလုပá€șမျဏသနေတယá€ș' á€œá€­á€Żá€· á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€”á€­á€Żá€„á€șပါတယá€ș။
12:12
Now I want you to try to find the mistakes in this sentence.
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အခု á€’á€źá€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှထá€Čက á€Ąá€™á€Ÿá€Źá€žá€á€œá€±á€€á€­á€Ż စမá€șသကဌည့á€șစေချငá€șတယá€ș။
12:18
‘We isn't good friends.’
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'ငါတို့ သူငယá€șချငá€șသကေဏငá€șှ မဟုတá€șဘူှ'
12:22
Did you find the mistake?
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á€Ąá€™á€Ÿá€Źá€žá€á€œá€±á€·á€•á€Œá€źá€œá€Źá€ž?
12:27
This is the mistake.
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ဒါက á€Ąá€™á€Ÿá€Źá€žá€•á€«á‹
12:29
The subject is ‘we’ and the ‘be’ verb is ‘are’.
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á€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șá€žá€Ąá€›á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Ź 'we' ဖဌစá€șá€•á€Œá€źá€ž 'be' သညá€ș 'are' ဖဌစá€șသညá€ș။
12:33
Therefore, the correct answer is ‘we are not’,
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á€’á€«á€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș á€Ąá€–á€Œá€±á€™á€Ÿá€”á€șက 'á€„á€«á€á€­á€Żá€·á€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€șဘူှ'
12:37
or the contraction, ‘we aren't good friends.’
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á€’á€«á€™á€Ÿá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș 'ငါတို့ သူငယá€șချငá€șသကေဏငá€șှမဟုတá€șဘူှ' á€œá€­á€Żá€· အဓိပá€čပါယá€șရပါတယá€ș။
12:42
The next sentence.
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နေဏကá€șဝါကျ။
12:47
Can you find the mistake?
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á€Ąá€™á€Ÿá€Źá€žá€€á€­á€Ż á€›á€Ÿá€Źá€á€œá€±á€·á€”á€­á€Żá€„á€șမလာှ။
12:48
‘Are John a teacher?’
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'á€šá€±á€Źá€Ÿá€”á€șက ဆရာလာှ။'
12:51
Think about the subject of this sentence.
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á€€á€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șá€žáá€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှအရာကို စဉá€șသစဏသပါ။
12:55
The subject is ‘John’.
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á€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှအရာက 'ယေဏ' တá€Č့။
12:59
And ‘John’, the subject pronoun is ‘he’.
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'ယေဏ' á€Ÿá€°á€žá€±á€Ź နာမá€șစာှသညá€ș 'သူ' ဖဌစá€șသညá€ș။
13:02
Therefore, we don't use ‘are’, we use ‘is’.
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á€‘á€­á€Żá€·á€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€șကျလနá€șုပá€șတို့သညá€ș 'are' ကိုမသုံသပါ၊ 'is' ကိုသုံသသညá€ș။
13:10
‘Is John a teacher?’
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'á€šá€±á€Źá€Ÿá€”á€șက ဆရာလာှ။'
13:12
‘Is John a teacher?’
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'á€šá€±á€Źá€Ÿá€”á€șက ဆရာလာှ။'
13:15
And finally, ‘It am a puppy.’
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နေဏကá€șဆုံသဥနေနá€Č့ 'အá€Čဒါက ခလေသတစá€șကေဏငá€șပါ'
13:17
hmm This one is a big mistake.
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ဟမá€ș ဒါက á€Ąá€™á€Ÿá€Źá€žá€€á€Œá€źá€žá€•á€Č။
13:20
The subject here is ‘it’.
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á€’á€źá€”á€±á€›á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Ź á€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှအရာက 'ဒါ' ပါ။
13:22
What ‘be’ verb do we use for ‘it’?
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'it' á€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș 'be' verb က á€˜á€Źá€€á€­á€Żá€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€á€Źá€œá€Č။
13:25
The correct answer is ‘is’.
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á€Ąá€–á€Œá€±á€™á€Ÿá€”á€șက 'is' ပါ။
13:28
So we don't say, ‘It am a puppy,’ we say, ‘It is a puppy.’
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á€’á€«á€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș 'ခလေသတစá€șကေဏငá€șပá€Č' á€œá€­á€Żá€· á€™á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€˜á€°á€ž 'အá€Čဒါက ခလေသကလေသပá€Č' á€œá€­á€Żá€·á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€á€Źá‹
13:34
Great job guys.
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အလုပá€șကေဏငá€șသလေသတလေ။
13:35
Let's move on to the next checkup.
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နေဏကá€șတစá€șကဌိမá€ș စစá€șá€†á€±á€žá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€žá€­á€Żá€· ဆကá€șá€žá€œá€Źá€žá€€á€Œá€•á€«á€…á€­á€Żá€·á‹
13:37
For the next checkup, I want you to think of some other verbs in the present simple
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နေဏကá€șတစá€șကဌိမá€ș စစá€șá€†á€±á€žá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș၊ ပစá€čစုပá€čပနá€ș á€›á€­á€Żá€žá€›á€Ÿá€„á€șသသေဏ ကာလ
13:42
tense.
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ရဟိ á€Ąá€á€Œá€Źá€žá€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€Ąá€á€»á€­á€Żá€·á€€á€­á€Ż တလေသကဌည့á€șá€…á€±á€œá€­á€Żá€•á€«á€žá€Šá€ș
13:43
Take a look at the first sentence.
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။ á€•á€‘á€™á€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှကို á€œá€±á€·á€œá€Źá€€á€Œá€Šá€·á€șပါ။
13:45
‘He __ blank __ 
’, I want you to think of the verb, ‘like his dinner’.
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'He __ blank __ ...'၊ 'သူ့ရá€Čá€·á€Šá€…á€Źá€œá€­á€Ż' ဆိုတá€Č့ á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€€á€­á€Ż စဉá€șသစဏသစေချငá€șတယá€ș။
13:51
What do we do to the verb when the subject is ‘he’, ‘she’, or ‘it’?
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á€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှအရာက 'he', 'she', á€’á€«á€™á€Ÿá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș 'it' ဖဌစá€șတá€Čá€·á€Ąá€á€«á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€€á€­á€Ż ဘာလုပá€șမလá€Č။
13:56
Remember we add an ‘s’.
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ကျလနá€șုပá€șတို့သညá€ș 's' ထည့á€șသညá€șကို သတိရပါ။
13:58
‘He likes his dinner.’
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'သူ့ညစဏ á€€á€Œá€­á€Żá€€á€șတယá€ș။'
14:02
For the negative, you can also say, ‘He doesn't like his dinner.’
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အနုတá€șလကá€čá€á€á€Źá€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș၊ 'သူသညá€ș á€Šá€…á€Źá€™á€€á€Œá€­á€Żá€€á€ș' ဟုလညá€șှ á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€”á€­á€Żá€„á€șသညá€ș။
14:07
The next sentence says, ‘My students __ blank __
’, I want you to think of ‘need’,
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နေဏကá€șá€á€«á€€á€»á€™á€Ÿá€Ź 'ငါ့ကျေဏငá€șှသာှ __ဗလာ __...'၊ 'လိုအပá€șတာ'၊ '
စာအုပá€șမျဏသ' ကို
14:14
‘
books’.
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စဉá€șသစဏသစေချငá€șတယá€ș ။
14:15
What is the subject pronoun for ‘my students’?
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'ကျလနá€șုပá€șáá€€á€»á€±á€Źá€„á€șသသဏသမျဏသ' á€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș ဘာသာရပá€șနာမá€șစာှကာှ အဘယá€șနညá€șှ။
14:19
The correct answer is ‘they’.
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á€Ąá€–á€Œá€±á€™á€Ÿá€”á€șက 'သူတို့'။
14:22
If the subject is ‘I’, ‘you’, ‘we’, or ‘they’, in the present simple tense,
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á€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှအရာက 'ငါ'၊ 'မငá€șှ'၊ 'ငါ' á€’á€«á€™á€Ÿá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș 'သူတို့' ဆိုရငá€ș ပစá€čစုပá€čပနá€ș á€›á€­á€Żá€žá€›á€Ÿá€„á€șှတá€Č့ á€”á€­á€šá€Źá€™á€™á€Ÿá€Ź
14:27
we don't change the verb, we keep it as is.
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á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€€á€­á€Ż á€™á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှဘူှ၊
14:31
So the correct answer is, ‘My students need books.’
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ဒဟတေဏ့ á€Ąá€–á€Œá€±á€™á€Ÿá€”á€șက 'ငါ့ကျေဏငá€șá€žá€žá€Źá€žá€á€œá€±á€€ စာအုပá€șá€á€œá€±á€œá€­á€Żá€á€šá€ș' တá€Č့။
14:37
Now for the negative, you can say, ‘My students don't need books.’
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အခု á€Ąá€†á€­á€Żá€žá€™á€Œá€„á€șတာက 'ငါ့ကျေဏငá€șá€žá€žá€Źá€žá€á€œá€±á€€ စာအုပá€șတလေ မလိုဘူှ' á€œá€­á€Żá€· á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€”á€­á€Żá€„á€șတယá€ș။
14:41
The next sentence says, ‘I __ blank __
’, think of the verb,
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နေဏကá€șá€á€«á€€á€»á€™á€Ÿá€Ź 'I __ blank __...' ၊ á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€€á€­á€Ż တလေသကဌည့á€șတေဏ့
14:47
‘
live in London.’
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'
 London in live' ပါ။
14:50
What do we do here?
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á€„á€«á€á€­á€Żá€·á€’á€źá€™á€Ÿá€Źá€˜á€Źá€œá€Żá€•á€șကဌမလá€Č။
14:52
Again the subject is ‘I’, therefore we don't change the verb.
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နေဏကá€șတဖနá€ș á€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှအရာသညá€ș 'I' ဖဌစá€șá€žá€±á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș ကျလနá€șုပá€șတို့သညá€ș á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€€á€­á€Ż á€™á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șသပါ။
14:57
The correct answer is, ‘I live in London.’
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á€Ąá€–á€Œá€±á€™á€Ÿá€”á€șက 'ငါ လနá€șဒနá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Źá€”á€±á€á€Źá‹'
15:01
What's the negative?
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အနုတá€șလကá€čခဏာကဘာလá€Č။
15:03
‘I don't live in London.’
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'ကျလနá€șတေဏá€ș လနá€șဒနá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Ź မနေပါဘူသ။'
15:07
For the next part, I would like for you to try to find the mistake in the sentence.
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နေဏကá€șတစá€șပိုငá€șသဥနေနá€Č့ á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€›á€›á€„á€ș á€á€«á€€á€»á€™á€Ÿá€Ź á€Ąá€™á€Ÿá€Źá€žá€€á€­á€Ż စမá€șသကဌည့á€șစေချငá€șပါတယá€ș။
15:12
‘He doesn't likes math.’
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'သူက သငá€șá€čချဏကို á€™á€€á€Œá€­á€Żá€€á€șဘူှ။'
15:15
What's the error here?
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á€’á€źá€™á€Ÿá€Ź error ကဘာလá€Č။
15:18
Well this is a negative.
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ကေဏငá€șá€žá€•á€Œá€ź ဒါက á€Ąá€†á€­á€Żá€žá€™á€Œá€„á€șတယá€ș။
15:20
‘He doesn't
’, that's correct.
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'သူမဟုတá€șဘူှ...' ဒါမဟနá€șတယá€ș။
15:23
However, we do not add an ‘s’ when we have ‘doesn't’ in front of ‘it’.
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သို့သေဏá€ș၊ 'it' ၏ ရဟေ့တလငá€ș 'မရဟိ' ရဟိပါက 's' ကို ထည့á€șမထဏသပါ။
15:30
‘Do he eat candy?’
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'သူ á€žá€€á€Œá€Źá€žá€œá€Żá€¶á€žá€…á€Źá€žá€œá€Źá€ž'
15:33
Here we have a question.
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á€’á€źá€™á€Ÿá€Ź á€™á€±á€žá€…á€›á€Źá€›á€Ÿá€­á€á€šá€ș။
15:35
The subject of the sentence is ‘he’.
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á€á€«á€€á€»áá€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șá€žá€Ąá€›á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Ź 'သူ' ဖဌစá€șသညá€ș။
15:39
For ‘he’, ‘she’, ‘it’, when we're making a sentence in the present simple tense,
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'he', 'she', 'it' á€á€­á€Żá€·á€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș၊ ပစá€čစုပá€čပနá€ș á€›á€­á€Żá€žá€›á€Ÿá€„á€șသသေဏ á€…á€€á€Źá€žá€œá€Żá€¶á€žá€€á€­á€Ż ဝါကျတစá€șခု ဖနá€șá€á€źá€žá€žá€±á€Źá€Ąá€á€«á€á€œá€„á€ș
15:46
we use ‘does’ not ‘do’.
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'does' မဟုတá€șဘá€Č 'do' ကို သုံသသညá€ș။
15:49
So the correct answer is, ‘Does he eat candy?’
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ဒဟတေဏ့ á€Ąá€–á€Œá€±á€™á€Ÿá€”á€șက 'á€žá€°á€žá€€á€Œá€Źá€žá€œá€Żá€¶á€žá€…á€Źá€žá€™á€œá€Źá€žá‹'
15:54
And finally, ‘Sam is play computer games.’
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နေဏကá€șဆုံသဥနေနá€Č့ 'Sam က ကလနá€șပျူတဏဂိမá€șသတလေ ကစဏသနေတယá€ș'
15:57
There are two present simple verbs here and we can't have that,
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á€€á€”á€±á€›á€Źá€á€œá€„á€ș ပစá€čစုပá€čပနá€șá€›á€­á€Żá€žá€›á€Ÿá€„á€șá€žá€žá€±á€Źá€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€”á€Ÿá€…á€șá€á€Żá€›á€Ÿá€­á€žá€Šá€ș၊ ကျလနá€șုပá€șá€á€­á€Żá€·á€á€œá€„á€șထိုသို့မရနိုငá€șသေဏ
16:02
so the correct way to fix this sentence is to get rid of the ‘is’.
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á€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș á€€á€á€«á€€á€»á€€á€­á€Żá€•á€Œá€Żá€•á€Œá€„á€șရနá€ș မဟနá€șကနá€șသေဏနညá€șှလမá€șá€žá€™á€Ÿá€Ź 'is' ကိုဖယá€șá€›á€Ÿá€Źá€žá€•á€…á€șရနá€șဖဌစá€șသညá€ș။
16:08
So take that out and say, ‘Sam plays computer games.’
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ဒါနá€Č့ 'Sam က ကလနá€șá€•á€Œá€°á€á€Źá€‚á€­á€™á€șသဆေဏ့တယá€ș' á€œá€­á€Żá€·á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€œá€­á€Żá€€á€șပါ။
16:16
Add an ‘s’ because the subject is ‘Sam’ which is a ‘he’.
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á€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șá€žá€Ąá€›á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Ź 'Sam' ဖဌစá€șá€•á€Œá€źá€ž 'သူ' ဖဌစá€șá€žá€±á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș 's' ထည့á€șပါ။
16:21
Great job!
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အလုပá€șကေဏငá€șှ။
16:22
Let's move on to the next practice.
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နေဏကá€șá€Ąá€œá€±á€·á€Ąá€€á€»á€„á€·á€șကို ဆကá€șá€žá€œá€Źá€žá€€á€Œá€›á€Ąá€±á€Źá€„á€ș။
16:24
For this next practice, we're taking a look at routines.
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ကနေဏကá€șá€Ąá€œá€±á€·á€Ąá€€á€»á€„á€·á€șá€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș၊ ကျလနá€șုပá€șတို့သညá€ș လုပá€șရိုှလုပá€șစဉá€șမျဏသကို ကဌည့á€șá€›á€Ÿá€Żá€”á€±á€•á€«á€žá€Šá€ș။
16:27
Remember the present simple tense can be used to describe events that happen regularly.
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á€•á€Żá€¶á€™á€Ÿá€”á€șဖဌစá€șပျကá€șနေသည့á€ș á€Ąá€–á€Œá€…á€șဥပျကá€șမျဏသကို ဖေဏá€șပဌရနá€șá€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș ပစá€čစုပá€čပနá€șရိုှရိုှတငá€șá€žá€™á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€€á€­á€Ż သတိရပါ။
16:33
Let's take a look at the first sentence,
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'ငါတို့ _ ဗလာ _ နေ့တိုငá€șှ ဘတá€șစá€șကာှစြှတယá€ș' ဆိုတá€Č့
16:35
‘We _ blank _ the bus every day.’
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á€•á€‘á€™á€á€«á€€á€»á€€á€­á€Ż ကဌည့á€șရဥေဏငá€ș ။
16:39
And I want you to use the verb ‘take’.
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á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€á€±á€Źá€· á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Ź 'ယူ' ကို သုံသစေချငá€șတယá€ș။
16:43
Here we see the clue word ‘every day’ which shows that this is a routine.
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á€€á€”á€±á€›á€Źá€á€œá€„á€ș 'နေ့တိုငá€șှ' á€Ÿá€°á€žá€±á€Ź သá€Čလလနá€șá€…á€…á€€á€Źá€žá€œá€Żá€¶á€žá€€á€­á€Ż ကျလနá€șုပá€șá€á€­á€Żá€·á€á€œá€±á€·á€™á€Œá€„á€șနေရသညá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Ź ကသညá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Ź လုပá€șရိုှလုပá€șစဉá€șတစá€șá€á€Żá€–á€Œá€…á€șá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှ ဖေဏá€șပဌသညá€ș။
16:48
The subject of the sentence is ‘we’.
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á€á€«á€€á€»áá€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șá€žá€Ąá€›á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Ź 'ငါ' ဖဌစá€șသညá€ș။
16:52
In the present simple tense,
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ပစá€čစုပá€čပနá€ș နိမိတá€șá€•á€Żá€¶á€á€œá€„á€ș
16:54
remember if the subject is ‘I’, ‘you’, ‘we’, or ‘they’,
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á€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှအရာသညá€ș 'ငါ'၊ 'မငá€șှ'၊ 'ငါ' á€žá€­á€Żá€·á€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș 'သူတို့' ဖဌစá€șလျဟငá€ș
16:58
we do not change the verb.
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ကျလနá€șုပá€șတို့သညá€ș á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€€á€­á€Ż á€™á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှလá€Čá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှ သတိရပါ။
17:01
Therefore the correct answer is, ‘We take the bus every day.’
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á€‘á€­á€Żá€·á€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș á€Ąá€–á€Œá€±á€™á€Ÿá€”á€șá€™á€Ÿá€Ź 'ငါတို့ နေ့တိုငá€șှ ဘတá€șစá€șကာှစြှတယá€ș' တá€Č့။
17:08
In the second sentence it says, ‘He _ blank _ to school every morning.’
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á€’á€Żá€á€­á€šá€á€«á€€á€»á€™á€Ÿá€Ź 'သူ _ ဗလာ _ မနကá€șတိုငá€șှ ကျေဏငá€șှတကá€șတယá€ș' á€œá€­á€Żá€· ဆိုထာှတယá€ș။
17:13
Again a routine.
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လုပá€șရိုှလုပá€șစဉá€șတစá€șá€á€Żá€•á€Œá€”á€șတယá€ș။
17:16
The subject here is ‘he’.
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á€’á€źá€”á€±á€›á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Ź á€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှအရာက 'သူ' ပါ။
17:19
What do we do if the subject is ‘he’, ‘she’, or ‘it’?
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á€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှအရာက 'သူ'၊ 'သူမ' á€’á€«á€™á€Ÿá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș 'အá€Č' ဆိုရငá€ș ငါတို့ ဘာလုပá€șမလá€Č။
17:23
We add ‘s’ or ‘es’ to the verb.
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á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€á€œá€„á€ș 's' á€žá€­á€Żá€·á€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș 'es' ထည့á€șသညá€ș။
17:26
In this example, the verb is ‘go’, so we have to add ‘es’.
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á€€á€„á€•á€™á€Źá€á€œá€„á€ș၊ á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€žá€Šá€ș 'á€žá€œá€Źá€ž' ဖဌစá€șá€žá€±á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș 'es' ကို ထည့á€șရပါမညá€ș။
17:32
‘He goes to school every morning.’
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'သူ မနကá€șတိုငá€șှ ကျေဏငá€șှတကá€șတယá€ș။'
17:38
In the next sentence, it says, ‘Lizzy not play (in parenthesis) tennis.’
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နေဏကá€șá€á€«á€€á€»á€™á€Ÿá€Ź 'Lizzy တငá€șှနစá€șမကစာှဘူှ' á€œá€­á€Żá€· á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€‘á€Źá€žá€á€šá€ș။
17:44
Here I want you to think about the negative form.
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á€’á€źá€”á€±á€›á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Ź á€Ąá€†á€­á€Żá€žá€™á€Œá€„á€șပုံစံကို တလေသကဌည့á€șစေချငá€șပါတယá€ș။
17:48
Lizzy is a ‘she’.
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Lizzy သညá€ș 'သူမ' ဖဌစá€șသညá€ș။
17:50
The subject pronoun is ‘she’ so what do we do for the negative?
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Subject pronoun က 'she' ဆိုတေဏ့ á€Ąá€†á€­á€Żá€žá€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș ဘာလုပá€șကဌမလá€Č။
17:55
We say ‘does not’ or the contraction ‘doesn't play tennis’.
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'မလုပá€șဘူှ' á€’á€«á€™á€Ÿá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș á€€á€»á€Żá€¶á€·á€žá€œá€Źá€žá€á€Źá€€ 'တငá€șှနစá€șမကစာှဘူှ' á€œá€­á€Żá€· á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€á€šá€ș။
18:03
We do not add an ‘s’ or ‘es’ to the end of the verb.
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á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źáá€Ąá€†á€Żá€¶á€žá€á€œá€„á€ș 's' á€žá€­á€Żá€·á€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș 'es' ကို မထည့á€șပါ။
18:08
Instead we say ‘doesn't’ or ‘does not’.
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အá€Čဒြအစာှ 'မလုပá€șဘူှ' á€’á€«á€™á€Ÿá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș 'မလုပá€șဘူှ' á€œá€­á€Żá€· á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€á€šá€ș။
18:12
Now I want you to find a mistake in the next sentence.
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အခု နေဏကá€șá€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șá€žá€™á€Ÿá€Ź á€Ąá€™á€Ÿá€Źá€žá€á€…á€șá€á€Żá€›á€Ÿá€Źá€…á€±á€á€»á€„á€șတယá€ș။
18:16
‘They watches TV at night.’
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'ညက á€á€źá€—á€źá€€á€Œá€Šá€·á€șတယá€ș။'
18:20
Can you figure out what's wrong with the sentence?
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á€á€«á€€á€»á€™á€Ÿá€Ź á€˜á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Źá€žá€”á€±á€œá€Č သိနိုငá€șမလာှ။
18:23
The subject is ‘they’.
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á€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șသဥရဏကတေဏ့ 'သူတို့' ပါ။
18:26
Therefore, remember, we do not change the verb.
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á€‘á€­á€Żá€·á€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș၊ ကျလနá€șုပá€șတို့သညá€ș á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€€á€­á€Ż á€™á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှလá€Čá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှ သတိရပါ။
18:31
We say ‘watch’.
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'စေဏင့á€șကဌည့á€ș' ဟုဆိုသညá€ș။
18:34
‘They watch TV at night’.
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'ညက á€á€źá€—á€źá€€á€Œá€Šá€·á€șတယá€ș'
18:38
In the next sentence, or question, it says, ‘Does he plays soccer every week?’
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နေဏကá€șဝါကျတလငá€ș၊ á€žá€­á€Żá€·á€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș မေသခလနá€șသတလငá€ș 'သူသညá€ș အပတá€șတိုငá€șှ á€˜á€±á€Źá€œá€Żá€¶á€žá€€á€…á€Źá€žá€žá€œá€Źá€ž' ဟု ဖေဏá€șá€•á€Œá€‘á€Źá€žá€žá€Šá€ș။
18:45
The subject of the sentence is ‘he’.
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á€á€«á€€á€»áá€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șá€žá€Ąá€›á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Ź 'သူ' ဖဌစá€șသညá€ș။
18:48
To make a sentence, putting ‘does’ at the beginning is okay,
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ဝါကျတစá€șခုဖနá€șတြှရနá€ș၊ á€Ąá€…á€á€œá€„á€ș 'does' ကိုထည့á€șခဌငá€șှသညá€ș အဆငá€șပဌေ
18:53
However, we don't put an ‘s’ at the end of ‘play’.
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သေဏá€șလညá€șှ၊ 'play' áá€Ąá€†á€Żá€¶á€žá€á€œá€„á€ș 's' မထည့á€șပါ။
18:58
Therefore, the correct answer is to simply say,
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á€‘á€­á€Żá€·á€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș၊ á€Ąá€–á€Œá€±á€™á€Ÿá€”á€șá€™á€Ÿá€Ź
19:01
‘Does he play soccer every week?’
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'သူသညá€ș အပတá€șတိုငá€șှ á€˜á€±á€Źá€œá€Żá€¶á€žá€€á€…á€Źá€žá€žá€œá€Źá€ž' ဟု á€›á€­á€Żá€žá€›á€­á€Żá€žá€›á€Ÿá€„á€șသရဟငá€șá€žá€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€›á€á€Œá€„á€șသဖဌစá€șသညá€ș။
19:06
And finally, ‘He always forget his book.’
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နေဏကá€șဆုံသဥနေနá€Č့ 'သူ့စဏဥုပá€șကို á€Ąá€™á€Œá€Čမေ့နေတယá€ș'
19:10
In this case, the subject is ‘he’.
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ကကိစá€čစတလငá€ș၊ á€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șá€žá€Ąá€›á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Ź 'သူ' ဖဌစá€șသညá€ș။
19:14
Remember, again, for he/she/it we add 's' or 'es' to the end of the verb.
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á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źáá€Ąá€†á€Żá€¶á€žá€á€œá€„á€ș 's' á€žá€­á€Żá€·á€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș 'es' ပေါငá€șသထည့á€șသညá€șကို သတိရပါ။
19:22
What's the verb in the sentence?
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á€á€«á€€á€»á€™á€Ÿá€Ź á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€†á€­á€Żá€á€Ź ဘာလá€Č။
19:25
It's ‘forget’.
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အá€Čဒါ 'မေ့'။
19:27
Therefore we have to say, ‘He always forgets his book.’
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á€‘á€­á€Żá€·á€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș 'သူသညá€ș သူ့စဏဥုပá€șကို á€Ąá€™á€Œá€Čမေ့နေ၏' ဟု ဆိုရပေမညá€ș။
19:33
Great job.
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မဟာအလုပá€ș။
19:35
Let's move on to the next practice.
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နေဏကá€șá€Ąá€œá€±á€·á€Ąá€€á€»á€„á€·á€șကို ဆကá€șá€žá€œá€Źá€žá€€á€Œá€›á€Ąá€±á€Źá€„á€ș။
19:37
In this checkup, we'll take a look at how the present simple tense can be used to describe
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ကစစá€șá€†á€±á€žá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€œá€„á€ș၊ အနာဂတá€șဖဌစá€șရပá€șမျဏသကို ဖေဏá€șပဌရနá€ș ပစá€čစုပá€čပနá€șá€›á€­á€Żá€žá€›á€Ÿá€„á€șသသေဏဥချိနá€șကို မညá€șá€žá€­á€Żá€·á€Ąá€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€•á€Œá€Żá€”á€­á€Żá€„á€șသညá€șကို á€œá€±á€·á€œá€Źá€€á€Œá€Šá€·á€șပါမညá€ș
19:43
future events.
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။
19:45
Take a look at the first sentence.
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á€•á€‘á€™á€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှကို á€œá€±á€·á€œá€Źá€€á€Œá€Šá€·á€șပါ။
19:47
It says, ‘The airplane _ blank _ tonight.’
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'á€œá€±á€šá€Źá€‰á€ș _ ဗလာ _ ဒြည' á€œá€­á€Żá€· á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€á€šá€ș။
19:51
And we're looking at the verb ‘leave’.
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á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€á€±á€Źá€· á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Ź 'leave' ကို ကဌည့á€șနေတယá€ș။
19:54
What is the subject of the sentence?
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á€á€«á€€á€»áá€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှအရာကာှ အဘယá€șနညá€șှ။
19:57
The correct answer is ‘airplane’.
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á€Ąá€–á€Œá€±á€™á€Ÿá€”á€șက 'á€œá€±á€šá€Źá€‰á€ș'။
20:00
What subject pronoun do we use for ‘airplane’?
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'á€œá€±á€šá€Źá€‰á€ș' á€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș ဘယá€șဘာသာရပá€șနာမá€șစာှကို á€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€á€Źá€œá€Č။
20:04
It's ‘it’.
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'အá€Čဒါ' တá€Č့။
20:06
Remember in the present simple tense, for ‘he’, ‘she’, ‘it’, we add an ‘s’
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'he', 'she', 'it' á€á€­á€Żá€·á€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€á€œá€„á€ș 's'
20:11
or ‘es’ to the verb.
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á€žá€­á€Żá€·á€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș 'es' ကို ပေါငá€șသထည့á€șပါ။
20:14
The verb here is ‘leave’ so we simply add an ‘s’.
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á€’á€źá€”á€±á€›á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Ź á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€€ 'leave' ဖဌစá€șတá€Čá€·á€Ąá€á€œá€€á€șá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș 's' ကို á€›á€­á€Żá€žá€›á€­á€Żá€žá€›á€Ÿá€„á€șသရဟငá€șှ ထည့á€șပါတယá€ș။
20:18
The correct answer is, ‘The airplane leaves tonight.’
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á€Ąá€–á€Œá€±á€™á€Ÿá€”á€șက 'ဒြည á€œá€±á€šá€Źá€‰á€șထလကá€șမယá€ș' တá€Č့။
20:22
In the second sentence, it says, ‘Does the movie _blank_ soon?’
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á€’á€Żá€á€­á€šá€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șသတလငá€ș၊ 'ရုပá€șရဟငá€ș _blank_ á€™á€€á€Œá€Źá€™á€źá€‘á€œá€€á€șá€•á€«á€žá€œá€Źá€žá‹'
20:30
And we're using the verb ‘start’.
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á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€á€±á€Źá€· ကျလနá€șတေဏá€șတို့ á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Ź 'start' ကို သုံသနေတယá€ș။
20:33
What is the subject of this sentence?
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á€€á€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șá€žáá€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှအရာကာှ အဘယá€șနညá€șှ။
20:36
It’s ‘movie’.
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'ရုပá€șရဟငá€ș' ပါ။
20:38
And what subject pronoun do we use for movie?
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ရုပá€șရဟငá€șá€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș ဘယá€șဘာသာရပá€șနာမá€șစာှကို á€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€œá€Č။
20:41
It’s ‘it’.
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'အá€Čဒါ' တá€Č့။
20:43
So it's like saying, ‘Does it _ blank _ soon?’
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ဒဟတေဏ့ 'အá€Čဒါ _ လလတá€șá€žá€œá€Źá€žá€™á€œá€Źá€ž _ á€™á€€á€Œá€Źá€á€„á€ș' á€œá€­á€Żá€· á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€á€Źá€”á€Č့တူတယá€ș။
20:47
Well this is a question, so we already have the correct word in the front - ‘does’.
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ကေဏငá€șá€žá€•á€Œá€ź ဒါက မေသခလနá€șှတစá€șခုပါ၊ á€’á€«á€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș ကျလနá€șတေဏá€șá€á€­á€Żá€·á€™á€Ÿá€Ź မဟနá€șကနá€șတá€Č့ á€…á€€á€Źá€žá€œá€Żá€¶á€ž 'does' ရá€Č့ á€Ąá€›á€Ÿá€±á€·á€™á€Ÿá€Ź á€›á€Ÿá€­á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€žá€Źá€žá€•á€«á‹
20:54
For he/she/it, when we're asking a question, we use ‘does’.
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သူ/á€žá€°á€™á€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș၊ မေသခလနá€șှတစá€șခုမေသတá€Č့ဥခါ 'does' ကိုသုံသပါတယá€ș။
21:00
Now all we have to do is use the same verb in its base form,
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á€Ąá€á€Żá€€á€»á€œá€”á€șတေဏá€șá€á€­á€Żá€·á€œá€Żá€•á€șá€›á€™á€Ÿá€Źá€€ တူညြတá€Čá€·á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€€á€­á€Ż သူ့ရá€Čá€·á€Ąá€á€Œá€±á€á€¶á€•á€Żá€¶á€…á€¶á€™á€Ÿá€Źá€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€•á€«áŠ
21:06
so ‘Does the movie start soon?’
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á€’á€«á€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș 'ရုပá€șရဟငá€șက á€™á€€á€Œá€Źá€á€„á€ș á€…á€™á€Ÿá€Źá€œá€Źá€žá‹'
21:09
We do not add an ‘s’ or ‘es’ here.
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á€€á€”á€±á€›á€Źá€á€œá€„á€ș 's' á€žá€­á€Żá€·á€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș 'es' ကို မထည့á€șပါ။
21:14
Finally, it says, ‘Viki _ blank _ tomorrow.’
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နေဏကá€șá€†á€Żá€¶á€žá€á€œá€„á€ș 'Viki _ blank _ မနကá€șဖဌနá€ș' ဟုဆိုသညá€ș။
21:18
The subject of the sentence is ‘Vicki’.
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á€á€«á€€á€»áá€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șá€žá€Ąá€›á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Ź 'Vicki' ဖဌစá€șသညá€ș။
21:21
‘Vicki’ is a girl so the subject pronoun is ‘she’.
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'Vicki' သညá€ș မိနá€șသကလေသဖဌစá€șá€žá€±á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș နာမá€șá€…á€Źá€žá€™á€Ÿá€Ź 'သူမ' ဖဌစá€șသညá€ș။
21:27
You'll remember now that for
 in this case, we put ‘works’.
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ကကိစá€čစတလငá€ș၊ ကျလနá€șုပá€șတို့သညá€ș 'အလုပá€șမျဏသ' ကို ရေသထဏသသညá€șကို ယခုပငá€ș မဟတá€șမိနေမညá€șဖဌစá€șသညá€ș။
21:31
w-o-r-k-s ‘works’.
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အလုပá€ș 'အလုပá€ș'။
21:33
‘Vicki works tomorrow.’
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'Vicki မနကá€șဖဌနá€ș အလုပá€șá€žá€œá€Źá€žá€™á€šá€ș။'
21:38
Now let's find the mistakes in the sentence below.
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ကá€Č ဥေဏကá€șá€€á€á€«á€€á€»á€™á€Ÿá€Ź á€Ąá€™á€Ÿá€Źá€žá€á€œá€±á€€á€­á€Ż á€›á€Ÿá€Źá€€á€Œá€Šá€·á€șရဥေဏငá€ș။
21:41
‘He do leave at 3:30 p.m.’
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'သူ 3:30 á€™á€Ÿá€Ź ထလကá€șá€žá€œá€Źá€žá€™á€Ÿá€Źá€•á€«'
21:45
Actually there's only one mistake.
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တကယá€șတေဏ့ á€Ąá€™á€Ÿá€Źá€žá€á€…á€șခုပá€Č ရဟိပါတယá€ș။
21:48
Can you find it?
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á€›á€Ÿá€Źá€á€œá€±á€·á€”á€­á€Żá€„á€șမလာှ။
21:50
‘He do leave at 3:30 p.m.’
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'သူ 3:30 á€”á€Źá€›á€źá€™á€Ÿá€Ź ထလကá€șá€žá€œá€Źá€žá€™á€Ÿá€Źá€•á€«'
21:55
We do not need the ‘do’ here.
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'á€’á€źá€™á€Ÿá€Ź လုပá€șစရာ' မလိုဘူှ။
21:58
We only use ‘do’ in a question or in the negative form.
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ကျလနá€șုပá€șတို့သညá€ș မေသခလနá€șှတစá€șá€á€Żá€á€œá€„á€ș á€žá€­á€Żá€·á€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș အနုတá€șလကá€čá€á€á€Źá€•á€Żá€¶á€…á€¶á€–á€Œá€„á€·á€ș 'do' ကိုသာ á€Ąá€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€•á€Œá€Żá€žá€Šá€ș။
22:03
But also the subject is ‘he’, so we would use ‘does’.
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ဒါပေမယ့á€ș ဘာသာရပá€șက 'သူ' ဆိုတေဏ့ 'does' ကို သုံသပါတယá€ș။
22:07
Either way we don't need this here.
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ဘာပá€Čဖဌစá€șဖဌစá€ș ဒဟနေရဏကို မလိုအပá€șပါဘူသ။
22:10
Well now we have the verb ‘leave’ with the subject ‘he’.
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ဥခုတေဏ့ 'သူ' ဆိုတá€Č့ á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€”á€Č့ 'ထာှခá€Č့' ရဟိတယá€ș။
22:14
Do you know what to do?
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ဘာလုပá€șရမဟနá€șှသိလာှ
22:17
We simply change this to ‘leaves’.
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ဒါကို 'á€Ąá€›á€œá€€á€ș' á€œá€­á€Żá€· á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှတယá€ș။
22:22
Just like we did in the first sentence.
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á€•á€‘á€™á€á€«á€€á€»á€™á€Ÿá€Ź á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€á€Čá€·á€žá€œá€­á€Żá€•á€«á€•á€Č။
22:24
‘He leaves at 3:30 p.m.’
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'သူ က ညနေ ၃ှ၃၀ á€™á€Ÿá€Ź ထလကá€șá€žá€œá€Źá€žá€á€šá€ș'
22:27
In the next sentence, ‘They don't start school today.’
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နေဏကá€șá€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șá€žá€™á€Ÿá€Ź 'ဒဟနေ့ ကျေဏငá€șှမစဘူှ' တá€Č့။
22:32
We have a negative sentence.
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ကျလနá€șုပá€șá€á€­á€Żá€·á€á€œá€„á€ș á€Ąá€†á€­á€Żá€žá€™á€Œá€„á€șဝါကျတစá€șá€á€Żá€›á€Ÿá€­á€žá€Šá€ș။
22:35
‘They don't
’, that's correct.
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'á€žá€°á€á€­á€Żá€·á€™á€œá€Żá€•á€șဘူှ...' ဒါမဟနá€șတယá€ș။
22:38
‘
do not’ is correct.
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'မလုပá€șနá€Č့' မဟနá€șတယá€ș။
22:41
For subject pronoun ‘they’.
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ဘာသာရပá€șနာမá€șá€…á€Źá€žá€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș 'သူတို့'။
22:43
However, in the negative form, we don't have to change the main verb at all.
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သို့သေဏá€ș၊ á€Ąá€”á€Ÿá€Żá€á€șá€•á€Żá€¶á€…á€¶á€á€œá€„á€ș၊ ကျလနá€șုပá€șတို့သညá€ș á€Ąá€“á€­á€€á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€€á€­á€Ż á€œá€Żá€¶á€žá€á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှလá€Čရနá€ș မလိုအပá€șပါ။
22:49
Therefore, all we will do is say, ‘They don't start school today.’
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á€‘á€­á€Żá€·á€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș 'သူတို့ ဒဟနေ့ ကျေဏငá€șှမစဘူှ' á€œá€­á€Żá€· á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€›á€™á€Ÿá€Źá€•á€«á€•á€Č။
22:54
No ‘s’.
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's' မရဟိပါ။
22:56
Finally, ‘Does we eat at noon?’
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နေဏကá€șဆုံသတေဏ့ 'နေ့လညá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Ź စာှမလာှ'
23:01
Take a look.
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ကဌည့á€șပါ။
23:02
What is the subject or subject pronoun in the sentence?
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ဝါကျတလငá€ș ဘာသာရပá€ș á€žá€­á€Żá€·á€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș နာမá€șစာှဟူသညá€ș အဘယá€șနညá€șှ။
23:07
The correct answer is ‘we’.
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á€Ąá€–á€Œá€±á€™á€Ÿá€”á€șက 'ငါတို့'။
23:10
Think about the question form.
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မေသခလနá€șသပုံစံကို စဉá€șသစဏသပါ။
23:13
Do we say ‘do’ or ‘does’ in the question form for the subject pronoun ‘we’?
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ဘာသာရပá€șနာမá€șစာှ 'ငါ' á€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș မေသခလနá€șá€žá€•á€Żá€¶á€…á€¶á€á€œá€„á€ș 'do' á€žá€­á€Żá€·á€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș 'does' ဟု á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€•á€«á€žá€œá€Źá€žá‹
23:18
The correct answer is ‘do’.
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á€Ąá€–á€Œá€±á€™á€Ÿá€”á€șက 'လုပá€ș'။
23:21
We say ‘do’.
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á€„á€«á€á€­á€Żá€·á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€á€Ź 'လုပá€ș' တá€Č့။
23:24
So the correct way to say this sentence or question is,
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á€’á€«á€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș á€’á€źá€á€«á€€á€» á€’á€«á€™á€Ÿá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș မေသခလနá€șှကို á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€–á€­á€Żá€· မဟနá€șကနá€șတá€Č့နညá€șှလမá€șှက
23:27
‘Do we eat at noon?’
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'နေ့လညá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Ź စာှမလာှ' တá€Č့။
23:31
Great job guys.
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အလုပá€șကေဏငá€șသလေသတလေ။
23:32
You're done with the practice.
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á€Ąá€œá€±á€·á€Ąá€€á€»á€„á€·á€ș á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€žá€œá€Źá€žá€•á€«á€•á€Œá€źá‹
23:33
Thank you for your hard work.
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မငá€șှရá€Čá€·á€€á€Œá€­á€Żá€žá€…á€Źá€žá€Ąá€Źá€žá€‘á€Żá€á€șá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș ကျေသဇူသတငá€șပါတယá€ș။
23:35
Let's move on.
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ဆကá€șá€€á€Œá€›á€Ąá€±á€Źá€„á€ș။
23:36
Good job guys.
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အလုပá€șကေဏငá€șသလေသတလေ။
23:38
You put in a lot of practice today.
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ဒဟနေ့ လေ့ကျင့á€șခနá€șသတလေ á€Ąá€™á€»á€Źá€žá€€á€Œá€źá€žá€œá€Żá€•á€șတယá€ș။
23:40
The present simple tense is not easy, and I'm really happy to see how hard you guys
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ပစá€čစုပá€čပနá€ș ရိုှစငá€șှတá€Č့ တငá€șá€žá€™á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€Ÿá€Ź မလလယá€șပါဘူသ၊ မငá€șှက ဘယá€șလို ခကá€șခကá€șခá€Čခá€Č ကျလမá€șသကျငá€șဥေဏငá€ș လုပá€șခá€Č့တယá€șဆိုတာ
23:45
worked on mastering it.
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မဌငá€șရတာ ငါ တကယá€șကို ဝမá€șသသဏပါတယá€ș ။
23:47
Be sure to check out my other videos and thank you for watching this video.
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ကျလနá€șုပá€șáá€Ąá€á€Œá€Źá€žá€—á€źá€’á€źá€šá€­á€Żá€™á€»á€Źá€žá€€á€­á€Ż á€žá€±á€á€»á€Źá€€á€Œá€Šá€·á€șá€›á€Ÿá€Żá€•á€Œá€źá€ž ကဗဟဒဟယိုကို ကဌည့á€șá€›á€Ÿá€Żá€žá€Šá€·á€șá€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș ကျေသဇူသတငá€șပါသညá€ș။
23:51
I'll see you next time.
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နေဏကá€șတစá€șကဌိမá€șတလေ့မယá€ș။
23:53
Bye.
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အá€Č့ဒဟတေဏ့
23:55
Hi, everybody.
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မငá€șá€čá€‚á€œá€Źá€•á€« လူတိုငá€șှ။
23:58
I'm Esther.
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ကျလနá€șတေဏá€șက Esther ပါ။
24:01
I'm so excited to be teaching you the present continuous tense in this video.
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á€’á€źá€—á€źá€’á€źá€šá€­á€Żá€™á€Ÿá€Ź ပစá€čစုပá€čပနá€șအဆကá€șမပဌတá€șကာလကို သငá€șပေသရတဏ အရမá€șှစိတá€șá€œá€Ÿá€Żá€•á€șá€›á€Ÿá€Źá€žá€™á€­á€•á€«á€á€šá€ș။
24:09
This tense is used to describe: an action that's happening right now,
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ကတငá€șá€žá€™á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€€á€­á€Ż ဖေဏá€șပဌရနá€șá€Ąá€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€•á€Œá€Żá€žá€Šá€ș- á€šá€á€Żá€–á€Œá€…á€șပျကá€șနေသည့á€ș လုပá€șဆေဏငá€șချကá€șတစá€șခု၊
24:13
a longer action in progress , and something happening in the near future.
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á€•á€­á€Żá€™á€­á€Żá€€á€Œá€Źá€€á€Œá€Źá€œá€Żá€•á€șဆေဏငá€șနေသည့á€ș လုပá€șဆေဏငá€șချကá€șတစá€șá€á€Żá€”á€Ÿá€„á€·á€ș á€™á€á€±á€žá€á€±á€Źá€·á€žá€±á€Źá€Ąá€”á€Źá€‚á€á€șတလငá€ș ဖဌစá€șပျကá€șနေသည့á€șအရာတစá€șá€á€Żá€–á€Œá€…á€șသညá€ș။
24:18
There's a lot to learn, but don't worry I'll guide you through it.
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သငá€șá€šá€°á€…á€›á€Źá€á€œá€± á€Ąá€™á€»á€Źá€žá€€á€Œá€źá€žá€›á€Ÿá€­á€•á€±á€™á€šá€·á€ș စိတá€șမပူပါနá€Č့ ငါမငá€șှကို လမá€șသညလဟနá€șပေသမယá€ș။
24:22
Let's get started.
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စလိုကá€șá€€á€Œá€…á€­á€Żá€·á‹
24:24
The present continuous tense is used to talk about actions that are happening right now.
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ပစá€čစုပá€čပနá€ș အဆကá€șမပဌတá€ș တငá€șá€žá€™á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€€á€­á€Ż လကá€șရဟိဖဌစá€șပေါá€șနေသေဏ လုပá€șရပá€șá€™á€»á€Źá€žá€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှ á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€†á€­á€Żá€›á€”á€ș သုံသသညá€ș။
24:32
For example,
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ငပမဏ၊
24:33
‘I'm teaching English’ and ‘You are studying English.’
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'ငါ အငá€șá€čဂလိပá€șစာ သငá€șပေသနေတယá€ș' နá€Č့ 'မငá€șှ အငá€șá€čဂလိပá€șစာ á€œá€±á€·á€œá€Źá€”á€±á€á€šá€ș'။
24:37
Let's take a look at some more examples.
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နေဏကá€șထပá€ș ငပမဏဥချို့ကို á€œá€±á€·á€œá€Źá€€á€Œá€Šá€·á€șရဥေဏငá€ș။
24:40
The first sentence says, ‘He is watching a movie’.
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á€•á€‘á€™á€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှက 'သူ ရုပá€șရဟငá€șကဌည့á€șနေတယá€ș' တá€Č့။
24:44
We start with the subject and a ‘be’ verb.
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ကျလနá€șုပá€șတို့သညá€ș á€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șá€žá€Ąá€›á€Źá€”á€Ÿá€„á€·á€ș 'be' á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€–á€Œá€„á€·á€ș စတငá€șသညá€ș။
24:48
In this case, the subject is ‘he’.
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ကကိစá€čစတလငá€ș၊ á€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șá€žá€Ąá€›á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Ź 'သူ' ဖဌစá€șသညá€ș။
24:51
For ‘he’ / ‘she’ and ‘it’, we use the ‘be’ verb ‘is’.
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'he' / 'she' နဟင့á€ș 'it' á€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș 'be' á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Ź 'is' ကို သုံသသညá€ș။
24:56
Then you'll notice I added an ‘-ing’ to the end of the verb ‘watch’.
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ထို့နေဏကá€ș á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źáá€Ąá€†á€Żá€¶á€žá€á€œá€„á€ș '-ing' ကို ထည့á€șထာှသညá€șကို á€žá€á€­á€•á€Œá€Żá€™á€­á€•á€«á€œá€­á€™á€·á€șမညá€ș။
25:01
‘He is watching a movie.’
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'သူ ရုပá€șရဟငá€șကဌည့á€șနေတယá€ș'
25:03
The next sentence says, ‘Tim is playing a computer game.’
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နေဏကá€șá€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှက 'Tim က ကလနá€șပျူတဏဂိမá€șသဆေဏ့နေတယá€ș' တá€Č့။
25:09
He's doing that right now.
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သူအခုလုပá€șနေတယá€ș။
25:11
Tim is a ‘he’, therefore, again we use the ‘be’ verb ‘is’.
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Tim သညá€ș 'he' ဖဌစá€șá€žá€±á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș ထပá€șမံ၍ 'be' á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Ź 'is' ကို သုံသပါသညá€ș။
25:18
And again you'll notice I added ‘-ing’ to the end of the verb.
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á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€á€±á€Źá€· á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€›á€Čá€·á€Ąá€†á€Żá€¶á€žá€™á€Ÿá€Ź '-ing' ကို ထပá€șထည့á€șလိုကá€șတာကို မငá€șှ á€žá€á€­á€‘á€Źá€žá€™á€­á€™á€Ÿá€Źá€•á€«á‹
25:23
The next sentence says,
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နေဏကá€șá€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှက
25:25
‘The machine is making a noise.’
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'စကá€șက ဆူညံနေတယá€ș' တá€Č့။
25:29
Now pay attention to the subject, ‘the machine’.
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ယခု 'စကá€ș' á€Ÿá€°á€žá€±á€Ź ဘာသာရပá€șကို ဥဏရုံစိုကá€șပါ။
25:33
What is the proper pronoun?
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သင့á€șá€œá€»á€±á€Źá€șသေဏနဏမá€șစာှကာှ အဘယá€șနညá€șှ။
25:35
The answer is ‘it’, therefore we use the ‘be’ verb ‘is’.
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á€Ąá€–á€Œá€±á€™á€Ÿá€Ź 'it' ဖဌစá€șá€žá€±á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș 'be' á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Ź 'is' ကို သုံသသညá€ș။
25:40
‘The machine is making a noise.’
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'စကá€șက á€Ąá€žá€¶á€™á€Œá€Šá€șနေတယá€ș။'
25:44
We can also say, ‘It is making a noise’.
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'ဆူညံနေတယá€ș' á€œá€­á€Żá€·á€œá€Šá€șှ á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€”á€­á€Żá€„á€șပါတယá€ș။
25:47
Or the contraction, ‘It's making a noise’.
420
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á€’á€«á€™á€Ÿá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș 'ဆူညံနေတယá€ș' á€œá€­á€Żá€· á€€á€»á€Żá€¶á€·á€”á€±á€á€Źá€œá€Źá€žá‹
25:51
And finally, ‘Tom and Ben are speaking English’.
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နေဏကá€șဆုံသတေဏ့ 'Tom and Ben က အငá€șá€čဂလိပá€șá€œá€­á€Żá€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€”á€±á€á€šá€ș'။
25:55
In this case, you'll notice that we use the ‘be’ verb ‘are’.
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ကကိစá€čစတလငá€ș၊ ကျလနá€șုပá€șတို့သညá€ș 'be' á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Ź 'are' á€€á€­á€Żá€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှ á€žá€á€­á€•á€Œá€Żá€™á€­á€•á€«á€œá€­á€™á€·á€șမညá€ș။
25:59
Can you figure out why?
423
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á€˜á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€șလá€Čဆိုတာ သိနိုငá€șá€•á€«á€žá€œá€Źá€žá‹
26:02
That's because Tom and Ben - the subject pronoun for these two is ‘they’.
424
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အဘယá€șá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€șဆိုသေဏá€ș Tom နဟင့á€ș Ben - ကနဟစá€șá€á€Żá€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș နာမá€șစာှသညá€ș 'သူတို့' ဖဌစá€șá€žá€±á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€șပငá€ș။
26:07
‘They are speaking English.’
425
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'သူတို့က အငá€șá€čဂလိပá€șလို á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€”á€±á€€á€Œá€á€Źá‹'
26:11
Let's move on to the next usage.
426
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နေဏကá€șá€Ąá€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€•á€Œá€Żá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€žá€­á€Żá€· ဆကá€șá€žá€œá€Źá€žá€€á€Œá€•á€«á€…á€­á€Żá€·á‹
26:14
The present continuous tense is also used to describe a longer action in progress.
427
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ပစá€čစုပá€čပနá€ș စဉá€șဆကá€șမပဌတá€ș တငá€șá€žá€™á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€€á€­á€Żá€œá€Šá€șှ á€€á€Œá€Źá€™á€Œá€„á€·á€șá€…á€œá€Ź လုပá€șဆေဏငá€șနေသည့á€ș လုပá€șဆေဏငá€șချကá€șကို ဖေဏá€șပဌရနá€șá€Ąá€á€œá€€á€șလညá€șှ á€Ąá€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€•á€Œá€Żá€•á€«á€žá€Šá€ș။
26:20
Even though you might not be doing the action right now.
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အခု လုပá€șရပá€șကို မလုပá€șနိုငá€șသေသပေမယ့á€ș။
26:24
Let's take a look at some examples.
429
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ငပမဏဥချို့ကို á€œá€±á€·á€œá€Źá€€á€Œá€Šá€·á€șရဥေဏငá€ș။
26:27
The first sentence says,
430
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á€•á€‘á€™á€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှက
26:28
‘I'm reading an interesting book these days.’
431
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'ဒဟနေ့ စိတá€șဝငá€șစဏသစရဏကေဏငá€șှတá€Č့ စာအုပá€șတစá€șအုပá€șကို ဖတá€șနေတယá€ș' á€œá€­á€Żá€· ဆိုပါတယá€ș။
26:32
In this case, the subject is ‘I’, so the ‘be’ verb is ‘am’.
432
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ကကိစá€čစတလငá€ș၊ á€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှအရာသညá€ș 'ငါ' ဖဌစá€șá€žá€±á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș 'be' á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Ź 'am' ဖဌစá€șသညá€ș။
26:37
In this example, we use the contraction ‘I'm’ by putting ‘I’ and ‘am’ together.
433
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á€€á€„á€•á€™á€Źá€á€œá€„á€ș၊ ကျလနá€șုပá€șတို့သညá€ș 'ငါ' နဟင့á€ș 'am' ကို ပေါငá€șှ၍ 'ငါ' á€Ÿá€°á€žá€±á€Ź ဥကျုံ့ကို သုံသသညá€ș။
26:43
Again, you'll notice there's an ‘-ing’ after the verb.
434
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တစá€șဖနá€ș၊ á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€”á€±á€Źá€€á€șတလငá€ș '-ing' ရဟိသညá€șကို á€žá€á€­á€•á€Œá€Żá€™á€­á€•á€«á€œá€­á€™á€·á€șမညá€ș။
26:47
The next sentence says,
435
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နေဏကá€șá€á€«á€€á€»á€™á€Ÿá€Ź
26:49
‘You are studying to become an English teacher.’
436
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'မငá€șှ အငá€șá€čဂလိပá€șစာ á€†á€›á€Źá€–á€Œá€…á€șဖို့ စာသငá€șနေတယá€ș' တá€Č့။
26:53
The subject here is ‘you’,
437
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á€€á€”á€±á€›á€Źá€á€œá€„á€ș ဘာသာရပá€șသညá€ș 'သငá€ș'
26:56
therefore the ‘be’ verb is ‘are’.
438
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ဖဌစá€șá€žá€±á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș 'be' á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Ź 'are' ဖဌစá€șသညá€ș။
26:58
Next, ‘Steven is preparing for the IELTS exam.’
439
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ထို့နေဏကá€ș 'စတြဗငá€șသညá€ș IELTS á€…á€Źá€™á€±á€žá€•á€œá€Čá€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș ပဌငá€șဆငá€șနေပါသညá€ș။'
27:04
The subject here is ‘Steven’ which is a ‘he’,
440
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á€€á€”á€±á€›á€Źá€á€œá€„á€ș ဘာသာရပá€șသညá€ș 'သူ' ဖဌစá€șá€•á€Œá€źá€ž 'စတြဗငá€ș' ဖဌစá€șသေဏ
27:09
therefore we use the ‘be’ verb ‘is’.
441
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á€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș ကျလနá€șုပá€șတို့ 'be' á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Ź 'is' ကို သုံသသညá€ș။
27:12
And finally, ‘John and June are working at a company.’
442
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နေဏကá€șဆုံသတေဏ့ 'John နá€Č့ June က ကုမá€čပဏြတစá€șá€á€Żá€™á€Ÿá€Ź အလုပá€șဝငá€șနေတယá€ș' တá€Č့။
27:17
If you look at the subject ‘John and June’, the pronoun for that is ‘they’.
443
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'John and June' ဘာသာရပá€șကို ကဌည့á€șလျဟငá€ș နာမá€șစာှသညá€ș 'သူတို့' ဖဌစá€șသညá€ș။
27:23
That's why we use the ‘be’ verb ‘are’.
444
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á€’á€«á€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș 'be' á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Ź 'are' ကို သုံသပါတယá€ș။
27:25
‘They are working at a company.’
445
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'သူတို့က ကုမá€čပဏြတစá€șá€á€Żá€™á€Ÿá€Ź အလုပá€șလုပá€șတယá€ș။'
27:29
Let's move on to the next usage.
446
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နေဏကá€șá€Ąá€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€•á€Œá€Żá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€žá€­á€Żá€· ဆကá€șá€žá€œá€Źá€žá€€á€Œá€•á€«á€…á€­á€Żá€·á‹
27:31
The present continuous is also used to talk about near future plans.
447
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ပစá€čစုပá€čပနá€șစဉá€șဆကá€șမပဌတá€șကို á€™á€€á€Œá€Źá€™á€ź အနာဂတá€șအစြအစဉá€șá€™á€»á€Źá€žá€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှ á€†á€œá€±á€žá€”á€œá€±á€žá€›á€Źá€á€œá€„á€șလညá€șှ á€Ąá€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€•á€Œá€Żá€•á€«á€žá€Šá€ș။
27:36
Let's take a look.
448
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ကဌည့á€șá€€á€Œá€›á€Ąá€±á€Źá€„á€ș။
27:37
‘She is meeting some friends tonight.’
449
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'သူ ဒြည သူငယá€șချငá€șှနá€Č့ တလေ့မယá€ș'
27:41
That's going to happen in the near future.
450
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အá€Čဒါက á€™á€á€±á€žá€á€±á€Źá€·á€á€Č့ အနာဂတá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Ź ဖဌစá€șá€œá€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Źá€•á€«á‹
27:44
You'll notice that we have 'she', so the ‘be’ verb is ‘is’.
451
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ကျလနá€șုပá€șá€á€­á€Żá€·á€á€œá€„á€ș 'သူမ' ရဟိသညá€șကို á€žá€á€­á€•á€Œá€Żá€™á€­á€™á€Šá€șဖဌစá€șá€žá€±á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș 'be' á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Ź 'is' ဖဌစá€șသညá€ș။
27:48
And then we added an ‘-ing’ to the end of the verb ‘meet’.
452
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á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€á€±á€Źá€· á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€›á€Čá€·á€Ąá€†á€Żá€¶á€žá€™á€Ÿá€Ź '-ing' ကို 'meet' ပေါငá€șသထည့á€șတယá€ș။
27:53
The next example says, ‘We are going on vacation in July.’
453
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နေဏကá€șငပမဏတစá€șခုက 'ကျလနá€șုပá€șတို့သညá€ș ဇူလိုငá€șလတလငá€ș အာှလပá€șရကá€șá€á€›á€źá€žá€‘á€œá€€á€șမညá€ș' ဟုဆိုသညá€ș။
27:58
The subject here is ‘we’, therefore we use the ‘be’ verb ‘are’.
454
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á€€á€”á€±á€›á€Źá€á€œá€„á€ș ဘာသာရပá€șသညá€ș 'ငါ' ဖဌစá€șá€žá€±á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș 'be' á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Ź 'are' ကို သုံသသညá€ș။
28:03
We can also use a contraction and say, ‘We're going on vacation in July.’
455
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á€€á€»á€Żá€¶á€·á€á€Œá€„á€șှကိုလညá€șှ သုံသနိုငá€șá€•á€Œá€źá€ž 'ဇူလိုငá€șá€œá€™á€Ÿá€Ź အပနá€șá€žá€–á€Œá€±á€á€›á€źá€žá€‘á€œá€€á€șမယá€ș' á€œá€­á€Żá€· á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€”á€­á€Żá€„á€șပါတယá€ș။
28:08
Again, another near future plan.
456
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နေဏကá€șတဖနá€ș á€™á€á€±á€žá€á€±á€Źá€·á€žá€±á€Ź အနာဂတá€șအစြအစဉá€ș။
28:11
The next example says,
457
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နေဏကá€șငပမဏတစá€șခုကတေဏ့
28:14
‘David is learning to drive tomorrow.’
458
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'ဒါဝိဒá€șဟာ မနကá€șဖဌနá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Ź ကဏသမေဏငá€șသဖို့ သငá€șယူနေတယá€ș' á€œá€­á€Żá€·á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€‘á€Źá€žá€á€šá€ș။
28:16
‘tomorrow’ is the near future.
459
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'မနကá€șဖဌနá€ș' သညá€ș á€™á€á€±á€žá€á€±á€Źá€·á€žá€±á€Ź အနာဂတá€șဖဌစá€șသညá€ș။
28:19
‘David’ is the subject.
460
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'ဝိနယ' သညá€ș á€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှတညá€șှ။
28:21
‘David’ is a ‘he’, so we use ‘is’.
461
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'ဒါဝိဒá€ș' သညá€ș 'သူ' ဖဌစá€șá€žá€±á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș ကျလနá€șုပá€șတို့သညá€ș 'ဖဌစá€ș' သညá€ș။
28:26
And lastly, ‘Vicki and I are teaching English next week.’
462
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နေဏကá€șဆုံသဥနေနá€Č့ 'Vicki နá€Č့ ငါ နေဏကá€șအပတá€ș အငá€șá€čဂလိပá€șစာ သငá€șá€•á€±á€žá€™á€Ÿá€Źá€•á€«' တá€Č့။
28:30
‘Vicky and I’

463
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'Vicky and I'...
28:32
If we think about the subject pronoun is ‘we’.
464
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ဘာသာရပá€șနာမá€șစာှကို တလေသရငá€ș 'ငါ' ပါ။
28:36
That's why we used ‘are’.
465
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အá€Čá€’á€«á€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș 'are' á€œá€­á€Żá€· သုံသတယá€ș။
28:38
‘We are teaching.’
466
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'ငါတို့ သငá€șပေသနေတယá€ș။'
28:41
Let's move on.
467
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ဆကá€șá€€á€Œá€›á€Ąá€±á€Źá€„á€ș။
28:43
Now let's talk about the negative form of the present continuous tense.
468
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အခု ပစá€čစုပá€čပနá€ș စဉá€șဆကá€șမပဌတá€ș တငá€șá€žá€™á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€›á€Č့ အနုတá€șလကá€čá€á€á€Źá€•á€Żá€¶á€…á€¶ á€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှ á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€€á€Œá€Šá€·á€șရဥေဏငá€ș။
28:47
I have some examples here.
469
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á€’á€źá€™á€Ÿá€Ź á€„á€•á€™á€Źá€á€á€»á€­á€Żá€·á€›á€Ÿá€­á€á€šá€ș။
28:49
These two examples are for actions that are happening right now, or longer actions.
470
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á€€á€„á€•á€™á€Źá€”á€Ÿá€…á€șခုသညá€ș á€šá€á€Żá€–á€Œá€…á€șပေါá€șနေသေဏ လုပá€șဆေဏငá€șချကá€șá€™á€»á€Źá€žá€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș á€žá€­á€Żá€·á€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș ရဟညá€șá€œá€»á€Źá€žá€žá€±á€Źá€œá€Żá€•á€șဆေဏငá€șချကá€șá€™á€»á€Źá€žá€Ąá€á€œá€€á€șဖဌစá€șသညá€ș။
28:57
These last two are for near future plans.
471
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ကနေဏကá€șá€†á€Żá€¶á€žá€”á€Ÿá€…á€șခုသညá€ș á€™á€á€±á€žá€á€±á€Źá€·á€žá€±á€Ź အနာဂတá€șအစြအစဉá€șá€™á€»á€Źá€žá€Ąá€á€œá€€á€șဖဌစá€șသညá€ș။
29:00
Let's take a look.
472
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ကဌည့á€șá€€á€Œá€›á€Ąá€±á€Źá€„á€ș။
29:02
The first sentence says, ‘I am not having fun.’
473
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á€•á€‘á€™á€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှက 'ငါမပျေဏá€șဘူှ' á€œá€­á€Żá€·á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€á€šá€ș။
29:06
Now that's not true for me because I am having fun,
474
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ငါပျေဏá€șá€”á€±á€á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș အခု မမဟနá€șပေမယ့
29:09
but in this example I am not having fun.
475
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á€ș á€’á€źá€„á€•á€™á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Ź ငါပျေဏá€șá€”á€±á€á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€șဘူှ။
29:13
You'll notice that the word ‘not’ goes between the ‘be’ verb and the ‘verb
476
1753539
5470
'not' á€Ÿá€°á€žá€±á€Ź á€…á€€á€Źá€žá€œá€Żá€¶á€žá€žá€Šá€ș 'be' á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€”á€Ÿá€„á€·á€ș 'á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Ź
29:19
-ing’.
477
1759009
1000
-ing' á€Ąá€€á€Œá€Źá€ž ရေဏကá€șá€žá€œá€Źá€žá€žá€Šá€șကို á€žá€á€­á€•á€Œá€Żá€™á€­á€•á€«á€œá€­á€™á€·á€șမညá€ș။
29:20
In the second example it says, ‘Jane isn't doing her homework.’
478
1760009
4620
á€’á€Żá€á€­á€šá€„á€•á€™á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Ź 'Jane က အိမá€șစာမလုပá€șဘူှ' á€œá€­á€Żá€·á€†á€­á€Żá€á€šá€ș။
29:24
Here we use the contraction ‘isn't’ for ‘is not’,
479
1764629
4930
á€€á€”á€±á€›á€Źá€á€œá€„á€ș ကျလနá€șုပá€șတို့သညá€ș 'is' ကို 'မ' á€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș 'is' ကိုသုံသသညá€ș၊
29:29
so just like the first sentence, we put ‘not’ between ‘is’ and ‘verb -ing’.
480
1769559
6031
á€‘á€­á€Żá€·á€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș ပထမဝါကျကá€Č့သို့ပငá€ș 'is' နဟင့á€ș 'á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Ź -ing' á€Ąá€€á€Œá€Źá€ž 'not' ကို ထည့á€șထာှသညá€ș။
29:35
The next sentence says, ‘You're not seeing him tonight.’
481
1775590
5250
နေဏကá€șá€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှက 'ဒြည မငá€șá€žá€žá€°á€·á€€á€­á€Żá€™á€á€œá€±á€·á€˜á€°á€ž' တá€Č့။
29:40
Here we have a contraction for ‘you are’.
482
1780840
3280
ကတလငá€ș 'မငá€șှ' á€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș á€€á€»á€Żá€¶á€·á€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€…á€șá€á€Żá€›á€Ÿá€­á€žá€Šá€ș။
29:44
‘You're not seeing him tonight.’
483
1784120
3080
'မငá€șှ ဒြည သူ့ကို á€™á€á€œá€±á€·á€˜á€°á€žá€œá€Źá€ž'
29:47
And finally, ‘We are not running tomorrow morning.’
484
1787200
4250
နေဏကá€șဆုံသတေဏ့ 'မနကá€șဖဌနá€șမနကá€ș á€„á€«á€á€­á€Żá€·á€™á€•á€Œá€±á€žá€˜á€°á€ž'
29:51
Here we have the subject ‘we’, therefore, we use the ‘be’ verb ‘are’.
485
1791450
4710
á€€á€”á€±á€›á€Źá€á€œá€„á€ș 'ငါ' á€Ÿá€°á€žá€±á€Źá€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șá€žá€Ąá€›á€Źá€›á€Ÿá€­á€žá€Šá€ș၊ á€‘á€­á€Żá€·á€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș 'be' á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Ź 'are' ကိုသုံသသညá€ș။
29:56
Don’t forget to add a ‘not’ after that to make it negative.
486
1796160
5560
အနုတá€șလကá€čá€á€á€Źá€–á€Œá€…á€șစေရနá€ș 'not' ကိုထည့á€șရနá€șမမေ့ပါနဟင့á€ș။
30:01
Let's move on.
487
1801720
1000
ဆကá€șá€€á€Œá€›á€Ąá€±á€Źá€„á€ș။
30:02
Now let's talk about how to form ‘be’ verb questions in the present continuous tense.
488
1802720
6240
ယခု ပစá€čစုပá€čပနá€șအဆကá€șမပဌတá€șá€€á€Źá€œá€á€œá€„á€ș 'be' á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€™á€±á€žá€á€œá€”á€șသမျဏသကို မညá€șá€žá€­á€Żá€·á€–á€œá€Č့စညá€șှရမညá€șကို á€†á€œá€±á€žá€”á€œá€±á€žá€€á€Œá€•á€«á€…á€­á€Żá€·á‹
30:08
The first example here says,
489
1808960
1599
ကတလငá€ș ပထမငပမဏက
30:10
‘Is he waiting for you?’
490
1810559
2271
'သူ မငá€șှကို စေဏင့á€șá€”á€±á€á€Źá€œá€Źá€žá‹'
30:12
or ‘Is he waiting for you?’
491
1812830
2140
á€’á€«á€™á€Ÿá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș 'သူ မငá€șှကို စေဏင့á€șá€”á€±á€á€Źá€œá€Źá€žá‹'
30:14
We start with the ‘be’ verb.
492
1814970
2429
ကျလနá€șုပá€șတို့သညá€ș 'be' á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€–á€Œá€„á€·á€ș စတငá€șသညá€ș။
30:17
Take a look at the subject though.
493
1817399
1910
သို့သေဏá€ș á€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှအရာကို á€œá€±á€·á€œá€Źá€€á€Œá€Šá€·á€șပါ။
30:19
The subject is ‘he’ and that's why we start with the ‘be’ verb ‘is’.
494
1819309
4171
á€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှအရာက 'he' ဖဌစá€șá€•á€Œá€źá€ž အá€Čá€’á€«á€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș 'be' verb 'is' နá€Č့ စပါတယá€ș။
30:23
‘Is he waiting for you?’
495
1823480
2590
'သူ မငá€șှကို စေဏင့á€șá€”á€±á€á€Źá€œá€Źá€žá‹'
30:26
You can answer, ‘Yes, he is.’
496
1826070
2700
'ဟုတá€șတယá€ș၊ သူပá€Č' á€œá€­á€Żá€· သငá€șá€–á€Œá€±á€”á€­á€Żá€„á€șပါတယá€ș။
30:28
or ‘No he isn't.’
497
1828770
1779
á€’á€«á€™á€Ÿá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș 'မဟုတá€șဘူှ သူမဟုတá€șဘူှ။'
30:30
The second sentence says,
498
1830549
2070
á€’á€Żá€á€­á€šá€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှက
30:32
‘Are you coming to class?’
499
1832619
2640
'သငá€ș အတနá€șှကို á€œá€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Źá€œá€Źá€žá‹'
30:35
The subject here is ‘you’ and that's why we start with ‘are’.
500
1835259
4050
á€€á€”á€±á€›á€Źá€á€œá€„á€ș ဘာသာရပá€șသညá€ș 'သငá€ș' ဖဌစá€șá€žá€±á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș ကျလနá€șုပá€șတို့သညá€ș 'ဖဌစá€șကဌသညá€ș' ဖဌင့á€ș စတငá€șသညá€ș။
30:39
‘Are you coming to class?’
501
1839309
2561
'မငá€șှ အတနá€șှထá€Č ရေဏကá€șá€”á€±á€á€Źá€œá€Źá€žá‹'
30:41
You can answer, ‘Yes I am.’ or ‘No, I'm not.’
502
1841870
5139
'ဟုတá€șကá€Č့ပါ' á€œá€­á€Żá€· á€–á€Œá€±á€”á€­á€Żá€„á€șပါတယá€ș။ á€’á€«á€™á€Ÿá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș 'မဟုတá€șဘူှ၊ á€„á€«á€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€șဘူှ။'
30:47
The next question says, ‘Is he preparing to study in Canada?’
503
1847009
4881
နေဏကá€șမေသခလနá€șှက 'သူက á€€á€”á€±á€’á€«á€™á€Ÿá€Ź ပညာသငá€șá€€á€Œá€Źá€žá€–á€­á€Żá€· ပဌငá€șဆငá€șá€”á€±á€žá€œá€Źá€ž' တá€Č့။
30:51
The subject is ‘he’, and so we start with ‘is’.
504
1851890
3999
á€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှအရာက 'သူ' ဆိုတေဏ့ 'is' နá€Č့ စတယá€ș။
30:55
The answer can be, ‘Yes, he is.’
505
1855889
2900
á€Ąá€–á€Œá€±á€€ 'ဟုတá€șတယá€ș၊ သူက။'
30:58
or it can also be ‘No, he isn't.’
506
1858789
3640
á€’á€«á€™á€Ÿá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș 'မဟုတá€șဘူှ၊ သူမဟုတá€șဘူှ' á€œá€­á€Żá€·á€œá€Šá€șှ ဖဌစá€șနိုငá€șတယá€ș။
31:02
Finally the last question says, ‘Are they going out tonight?’
507
1862429
4901
နေဏကá€șá€†á€Żá€¶á€žá€™á€±á€žá€á€œá€”á€șှက 'ဒြည á€Ąá€•á€Œá€„á€șထလကá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Źá€œá€Źá€žá‹'
31:07
The subject here is ‘they’, and so we start with ‘are’.
508
1867330
4839
á€’á€źá€”á€±á€›á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Ź ဘာသာရပá€șက 'သူတို့' ဆိုတေဏ့ ငါတို့က 'are' နá€Č့ စတယá€ș။
31:12
The answer can be ‘Yes, they are.’
509
1872169
3360
á€Ąá€–á€Œá€±á€€ 'ဟုတá€șတယá€ș၊
31:15
or ‘No, they aren't.’
510
1875529
2661
á€’á€«á€™á€Ÿá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș 'မဟုတá€șဘူှ၊ á€žá€°á€á€­á€Żá€·á€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€șဘူှ'
31:18
Let's move on.
511
1878190
1010
ဆကá€șá€€á€Œá€›á€Ąá€±á€Źá€„á€ș။
31:19
Now let's talk about the WH question form for the present continuous tense.
512
1879200
5490
ယခု လကá€șရဟိ စဉá€șဆကá€șမပဌတá€ș တငá€șá€žá€™á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș WH မေသခလနá€șá€žá€•á€Żá€¶á€…á€¶á€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှ á€†á€œá€±á€žá€”á€œá€±á€žá€€á€Œá€•á€«á€…á€­á€Żá€·á‹
31:24
I have some examples here
513
1884690
2359
á€€á€”á€±á€›á€Źá€á€œá€„á€ș ကျလနá€șုပá€șတလငá€ș á€„á€•á€™á€Źá€Ąá€á€»á€­á€Żá€·á€›á€Ÿá€­á€•á€Œá€źá€ž
31:27
and you'll notice that we start with the WH questions:
514
1887049
3940
၊ ကျလနá€șုပá€șတို့သညá€ș WH မေသခလနá€șá€žá€™á€»á€Źá€žá€–á€Œá€„á€·á€ș စတငá€șသညá€șကို á€žá€á€­á€•á€Œá€Żá€™á€­á€•á€«á€œá€­á€™á€·á€șမညá€ș။
31:30
what, where, when, who, why, and how.
515
1890989
5831
ဘယá€ș၊ ဘယá€șနေရဏ၊ ဘယá€șဥချိနá€ș၊ ဘယá€șသူ၊ á€˜á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș၊ ဘယá€șလိုလá€Č။
31:36
What comes after?
516
1896820
1469
နေဏကá€șá€˜á€Źá€á€œá€±á€œá€Źá€œá€Č?
31:38
You'll notice it's the ‘be’ verbs: ‘are’, ‘is’, and if the subject is ‘I’, ‘am’.
517
1898289
7230
၎ငá€șှသညá€ș 'be' á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€™á€»á€Źá€žá€–á€Œá€…á€șသညá€ș- 'are', 'is' ဖဌစá€șá€•á€Œá€źá€ž á€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șá€žá€Ąá€›á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Ź 'I' á€†á€­á€Żá€œá€»á€Ÿá€„á€ș 'am' ဖဌစá€șသညá€ș ။
31:45
So after that you have the subject and then the verb -ing.
518
1905519
6260
အá€Čá€’á€«á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€›á€„á€ș မငá€șá€žá€™á€Ÿá€Ź á€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှအရာနá€Č့ á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Ź-ing။
31:51
Let's take a look at the first sentence.
519
1911779
1850
á€•á€‘á€™á€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှကို á€œá€±á€·á€œá€Źá€€á€Œá€Šá€·á€șရဥေဏငá€ș။
31:53
‘What are you doing?’
520
1913629
1721
'သငá€șဘာလုပá€șနေပါလá€Č?'
31:55
I'm asking about right now.
521
1915350
2840
ငါ အခု မေသနေတဏ။
31:58
For example, ‘I'm teaching English.’
522
1918190
2750
ငပမဏ၊ 'ငါ အငá€șá€čဂလိပá€șစာ သငá€șပေသနေတယá€ș'။
32:00
‘Where are you going?’
523
1920940
2209
'သငá€șဘယá€șá€žá€œá€Źá€žá€™á€œá€­á€Żá€·á€œá€Č?'
32:03
‘I'm going to the store.’
524
1923149
2100
'ကျလနá€șတေဏá€ș စတိုှဆိုငá€șá€žá€œá€Źá€žá€á€±á€Źá€·á€™á€šá€ș။'
32:05
‘When is it starting?’
525
1925249
3441
'ဘယá€șဥချိနá€șကစတာလá€Č။'
32:08
‘It's starting at 3.’
526
1928690
1660
'၃ ရကá€șနေ့မဟ စမယá€ș။'
32:10
I can be talking about a movie a show anything can be ‘it’.
527
1930350
5630
ရုပá€șရဟငá€șတစá€șá€€á€Źá€žá€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șá€žá€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€›á€„á€ș ဘာမဆို 'ဒါ' ဖဌစá€șနိုငá€șတယá€ș။
32:15
‘Who is she talking to?’
528
1935980
2520
'ဘယá€șသူနá€Č့ á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€”á€±á€á€Źá€œá€Č'
32:18
‘She's talking to Bob.’
529
1938500
1830
'သူ Bob နá€Č့ á€…á€€á€Źá€žá€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€”á€±á€á€šá€ș'
32:20
‘Why is she crying?’
530
1940330
3059
'á€˜á€Źá€œá€­á€Żá€·á€„á€­á€Żá€”á€±á€á€Źá€œá€Č'
32:23
‘She's crying because she's sad.’
531
1943389
2520
'ဝမá€șှနညá€șá€žá€”á€±á€œá€­á€Żá€· ငိုနေတဏ။'
32:25
And finally, ‘How is it going?’
532
1945909
3510
နေဏကá€șဆုံသတေဏ့ 'ဘယá€șá€œá€­á€Żá€–á€Œá€…á€șတာလá€Č။'
32:29
‘It's going well.’
533
1949419
2771
'ကေဏငá€șá€žá€žá€œá€Źá€žá€•á€«á€•á€Œá€źá‹'
32:32
For this checkup of the present continuous tense,
534
1952190
3359
ပစá€čစုပá€čပနá€șအဆကá€șမပဌတá€șကာလ၏ ကစစá€șá€†á€±á€žá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș၊
32:35
we'll look at how this tense can be used to describe an action that's happening right
535
1955549
5091
á€šá€á€Żá€–á€Œá€…á€șပျကá€șနေသည့á€ș လုပá€șဆေဏငá€șချကá€șကို ဖေဏá€șပဌရနá€șá€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș ကတငá€șá€žá€™á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€€á€­á€Ż မညá€șကá€Č့သို့ သုံသနိုငá€șသညá€șကို ကဌည့á€șá€›á€Ÿá€Żá€•á€«á€™á€Šá€ș
32:40
now.
536
1960640
1000
။
32:41
Let's take a look at the first sentence.
537
1961640
2180
á€•á€‘á€™á€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှကို á€œá€±á€·á€œá€Źá€€á€Œá€Šá€·á€șရဥေဏငá€ș။
32:43
‘You -blank- learning English.’
538
1963820
2979
'မငá€șှ -blank- အငá€șá€čဂလိပá€șစာ သငá€șá€šá€°á€”á€±á€á€Źá€œá€Źá€žá‹'
32:46
Remember for this tense, we start with the subject and the ‘be’ verb
539
1966799
5060
ကတငá€șá€žá€™á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș သတိရပါ၊ ကျလနá€șုပá€șတို့သညá€ș á€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șá€žá€Ąá€›á€Źá€”á€Ÿá€„á€·á€ș 'be' á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€–á€Œá€„á€·á€ș စတငá€ș
32:51
and then the verb ‘-ing’.
540
1971859
2630
á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€”á€±á€Źá€€á€ș á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Ź '-ing' ကို မဟတá€șထဏသပါ။
32:54
We already have the verb ‘-ing’ here, so we need the ‘be’ verb.
541
1974489
5231
á€’á€źá€”á€±á€›á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Ź á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Ź '-ing' á€›á€Ÿá€­á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€žá€Źá€žá€™á€­á€Żá€· 'be' á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€œá€­á€Żá€á€šá€ș။
32:59
The subject in the first sentence is ‘you’.
542
1979720
3409
ပထမဝါကျတလငá€ș ပါဝငá€șá€žá€±á€Źá€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șá€žá€Ąá€›á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Ź 'သငá€ș' ဖဌစá€șသညá€ș။
33:03
For ‘you’, ‘we’, and ‘they’, we use the ‘be’ verb - ‘are’,
543
1983129
4780
'မငá€șှ'၊ 'ငါ' နá€Č့ 'သူတို့' á€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș ငါတို့က 'be' á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Ź - 'are' ကိုသုံသတယá€ș၊
33:07
so the correct answer is,
544
1987909
1750
á€’á€«á€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș á€Ąá€–á€Œá€±á€™á€Ÿá€”á€șက
33:09
‘You are learning English’ right now.
545
1989659
3850
'မငá€șှ အငá€șá€čဂလိပá€șá€…á€Źá€œá€±á€·á€œá€Źá€”á€±á€á€šá€ș' တá€Č့။
33:13
The next sentence says,
546
1993509
2160
နေဏကá€șá€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှက
33:15
‘She _blank_ not watching TV.’
547
1995669
3791
'သူမ _blank_ á€á€źá€—á€źá€™á€€á€Œá€Šá€·á€șဘူှ' တá€Č့။
33:19
This is the negative form of the present continuous tense.
548
1999460
4199
ကသညá€șကာှ ပစá€čစုပá€čပနá€șအဆကá€șမပဌတá€ș တငá€șá€žá€™á€Źá€á€Œá€„á€șှ၏ အနုတá€șလကá€čá€á€á€Źá€–á€Œá€…á€șသညá€ș။
33:23
We have the word ‘not’ before the verb ‘-ing’,
549
2003659
4431
á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Ź '-ing' á€›á€Ÿá€±á€·á€™á€Ÿá€Ź 'not' ဆိုတá€Č့ á€…á€€á€Źá€žá€œá€Żá€¶á€žá€›á€Ÿá€­á€á€šá€ș၊
33:28
However, we're missing the ‘be’ verb again.
550
2008090
3510
ဒါပေမယ့á€ș 'be' á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€€á€­á€Ż ထပá€șá€•á€Œá€źá€ž လလá€Čနေတယá€ș။
33:31
What is the be verb to use if the subject is ‘she’?
551
2011600
4079
á€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှအရာသညá€ș 'သူမ' ဖဌစá€șလျဟငá€ș be verb သညá€ș အဘယá€șနညá€șှ။
33:35
the correct answer is ‘is’.
552
2015679
2571
á€Ąá€–á€Œá€±á€™á€Ÿá€”á€șက 'is' ပါ။
33:38
‘She is not watching TV.’
553
2018250
3239
'သူမ á€á€źá€—á€œá€źá€™á€€á€Œá€Šá€·á€șဘူှ။'
33:41
This one says, ‘I _blank_ studying now.’
554
2021489
5961
ဒြတစá€șယေဏကá€șက 'ငါ _blank_ á€Ąá€á€Żá€œá€±á€·á€œá€Źá€”á€±á€á€šá€ș' á€œá€­á€Żá€·á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€á€šá€ș။
33:47
The subject here is ‘I’.
555
2027450
2859
á€€á€”á€±á€›á€Źá€á€œá€„á€ș ဘာသာရပá€șသညá€ș 'ငါ' ဖဌစá€șသညá€ș။
33:50
Again think of the ‘be’ verb that goes before the subject ‘I’.
556
2030309
5101
'ငါ' ၏ရဟေ့တလငá€șá€›á€Ÿá€­á€žá€±á€Ź 'be' á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€€á€­á€Ż တဖနá€șစဉá€șသစဏသပါ။
33:55
The ‘be’ verb is ‘am’.
557
2035410
2070
'be' သညá€ș 'am' ဖဌစá€șသညá€ș။
33:57
‘I am studying now.’
558
2037480
3149
'ငါ အခု စဏကျကá€șနေတယá€ș။'
34:00
We can also use a contraction and say, ‘I'm studying now’
559
2040629
5520
á€€á€»á€Żá€¶á€·á€á€Œá€„á€șှကိုလညá€șှ သုံသနိုငá€șá€•á€Œá€źá€ž 'ငါ á€Ąá€á€Żá€œá€±á€·á€œá€Źá€”á€±á€á€šá€ș' á€œá€­á€Żá€· á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€”á€­á€Żá€„á€șသလို
34:06
If we wanted to turn this into the negative form,
560
2046149
3371
ဒါကို á€Ąá€†á€­á€Żá€žá€™á€Œá€„á€șá€•á€Żá€¶á€…á€¶á€Ąá€–á€Œá€…á€ș á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှလá€Čချငá€șရငá€ș
34:09
we can also say, ‘I'm not studying now.’
561
2049520
4180
'ငါ အခု á€™á€œá€±á€·á€œá€Źá€á€±á€Źá€·á€˜á€°á€ž' á€œá€­á€Żá€·á€œá€Šá€șှ á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€”á€­á€Żá€„á€șပါတယá€ș။
34:13
Now, take a look at the next sentence and find the mistake.
562
2053700
5070
အခု နေဏကá€șá€á€«á€€á€»á€€á€­á€Ż တစá€șချကá€șကဌည့á€șလိုကá€șá€•á€Œá€źá€ž á€Ąá€™á€Ÿá€Źá€žá€€á€­á€Żá€›á€Ÿá€Źá€•á€«á‹
34:18
‘Layla is watch a movie.’
563
2058770
3760
'Layla ရုပá€șရဟငá€șကဌည့á€șနေတယá€ș။'
34:22
Here we have the subject and the subject pronoun for Layla would be ‘she’.
564
2062530
4880
á€€á€”á€±á€›á€Źá€á€œá€„á€ș ကျလနá€șုပá€șá€á€­á€Żá€·á€á€œá€„á€ș á€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șá€žá€Ąá€›á€Źá€›á€Ÿá€­á€•á€Œá€źá€ž Layla ၏ နာမá€șစာှသညá€ș 'သူမ' ဖဌစá€șသညá€ș။
34:27
We have the correct ‘be’ verb - ‘is’,
565
2067410
4030
ကျလနá€șုပá€șá€á€­á€Żá€·á€á€œá€„á€ș မဟနá€șကနá€șသေဏ 'be' á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Ź - 'is' ရဟိသညá€ș၊
34:31
However, you'll notice we forgot the ‘-ing’ at the end of the verb.
566
2071440
6250
သို့သေဏá€ș á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€Ąá€†á€Żá€¶á€žá€á€œá€„á€ș '-ing' ကို á€™á€±á€·á€žá€œá€Źá€žá€žá€Šá€șကို á€žá€á€­á€•á€Œá€Żá€™á€­á€•á€«á€œá€­á€™á€·á€șမညá€ș။
34:37
We need to say, ‘watching’.
567
2077690
3030
'ကဌည့á€șနေတယá€ș' á€œá€­á€Żá€· á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€›á€™á€šá€ș။
34:40
‘Layla is watching a movie.’
568
2080720
4250
'Layla ရုပá€șရဟငá€șကဌည့á€șနေတယá€ș'
34:44
The next sentence says,
569
2084970
1530
နေဏကá€șá€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șသကတေဏ့
34:46
‘They playing soccer now.’
570
2086500
2310
'အခု á€˜á€±á€Źá€œá€Żá€¶á€žá€€á€…á€Źá€žá€”á€±á€€á€Œá€•á€Œá€ź' တá€Č့။
34:48
What's missing?
571
2088810
1610
á€˜á€Źá€•á€»á€±á€Źá€€á€șá€”á€±á€á€Źá€œá€Č။
34:50
If you got it the correct answer is we need the ‘be’ verb – ‘are’
572
2090420
5850
á€Ąá€–á€Œá€±á€™á€Ÿá€”á€șရလျဟငá€ș
34:56
because the subject is ‘they’.
573
2096270
2090
ဘာသာရပá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Ź 'သူတို့' ဖဌစá€șá€žá€±á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș 'be' á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Ź 'are' လိုအပá€șသညá€ș။
34:58
‘They are playing soccer now.’
574
2098360
3310
'သူတို့ အခု á€˜á€±á€Źá€œá€Żá€¶á€žá€€á€…á€Źá€žá€”á€±á€á€Źá‹'
35:01
And finally, ‘What do you do?’
575
2101670
3830
နေဏကá€șဆုံသဥနေနá€Č့ 'မငá€șှဘာလုပá€șတာလá€Č။'
35:05
If you want to ask somebody what they're doing right now,
576
2105500
4480
တစá€șယေဏကá€șယေဏကá€șကို အခုဘာလုပá€șနေလá€Čမေသချငá€șရငá€ș
35:09
you say, 'what’... and the ‘be’ verb – ‘are...
577
2109980
6840
'ဘာ'... နá€Č့ 'be' á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Ź - 'are...
35:16
you..
578
2116820
1700
you..
35:18
doing?’
579
2118520
1690
doing?'
35:20
‘What are you doing?’
580
2120210
4200
'သငá€șဘာလုပá€șနေပါလá€Č?'
35:24
Let's move on to the next practice.
581
2124410
1680
နေဏကá€șá€Ąá€œá€±á€·á€Ąá€€á€»á€„á€·á€șကို ဆကá€șá€žá€œá€Źá€žá€€á€Œá€›á€Ąá€±á€Źá€„á€ș။
35:26
For this checkup we'll talk about the present continuous tense
582
2126090
4130
ကစစá€șá€†á€±á€žá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș ကျလနá€șုပá€șတို့သညá€ș ပစá€čစုပá€čပနá€șစဉá€șဆကá€șမပဌတá€șတငá€șá€žá€™á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှ
35:30
and how it can be used to describe an action that started in the past and continues today.
583
2130220
6210
နဟင့á€ș အတိတá€șမဟစတငá€șá€•á€Œá€źá€ž ယနေ့ဆကá€șလကá€șလုပá€șဆေဏငá€șခá€Č့သည့á€ș လုပá€șဆေဏငá€șချကá€șတစá€șခုကို ဖေဏá€șပဌရနá€șá€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș ၎ငá€șှကို မညá€șá€žá€­á€Żá€·á€Ąá€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€•á€Œá€Żá€›á€™á€Šá€șကို ဆလေသနလေသပါမညá€ș။
35:36
It's a longer action.
584
2136430
2020
á€•á€­á€Żá€›á€Ÿá€Šá€șတá€Č့ လုပá€șဆေဏငá€șချကá€șတစá€șခုပါ။
35:38
Let's take a look at the first sentence.
585
2138450
2230
á€•á€‘á€™á€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှကို á€œá€±á€·á€œá€Źá€€á€Œá€Šá€·á€șရဥေဏငá€ș။
35:40
‘He _blank_ studying economics.’
586
2140680
3770
'သူ_blank_á€˜á€±á€Źá€‚á€—á€±á€’á€œá€±á€·á€œá€Źá€”á€±á€á€šá€ș။
35:44
Remember for this tense, we take the subject, a ‘be’ verb, and then verb ‘-ing’.
587
2144450
6930
ကတငá€șá€žá€™á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș သတိရပါ၊ ကျလနá€șုပá€șတို့သညá€ș á€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှအရာ၊ 'be' á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€ŹáŠ ထို့နေဏကá€ș á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Ź '-ing' ကို ယူသညá€ș။
35:51
Here we already have the verb ‘-ing’, ‘studying’.
588
2151380
3890
á€’á€źá€™á€Ÿá€Ź á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Ź '-ing'၊ 'á€œá€±á€·á€œá€Ź' á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€•á€Œá€źá‹
35:55
So what are we missing?
589
2155270
1390
ဒါဆို á€„á€«á€á€­á€Żá€·á€˜á€Źá€á€œá€± လလá€Čနေလá€Č။
35:56
The ‘be’ verb.
590
2156660
1610
'be' á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá‹
35:58
The correct ‘be’ verb for the subject ‘he’ is ‘is’.
591
2158270
3130
á€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șá€žá€Ąá€›á€Źá€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș မဟနá€șကနá€șသေဏ 'be' á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Ź 'he' သညá€ș 'is' ဖဌစá€șသညá€ș။
36:01
So, ‘He is studying economics.’
592
2161400
5300
ဒဟတေဏ့ 'သူ á€˜á€±á€Źá€‚á€—á€±á€’á€€á€­á€Ż á€œá€±á€·á€œá€Źá€”á€±á€á€šá€ș' တá€Č့။
36:06
The next sentence says, ‘They're _blank_ for the fight.’
593
2166700
4560
နေဏကá€șá€á€«á€€á€»á€™á€Ÿá€Ź 'သူတို့က တိုကá€șပလá€Čá€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș _blank_' á€œá€­á€Żá€·á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€‘á€Źá€žá€á€šá€ș။
36:11
The verb we want to use is ‘train’.
594
2171260
3230
ကျလနá€șုပá€șá€á€­á€Żá€·á€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€œá€­á€Żá€žá€±á€Źá€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Ź 'ရထာှ' ဖဌစá€șသညá€ș။
36:14
Now we already have the 'be' verb here.
595
2174490
2880
အခု á€„á€«á€á€­á€Żá€·á€™á€Ÿá€Ź 'be' á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Ź á€›á€Ÿá€­á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€žá€Źá€žá‹
36:17
It's in the contraction ‘there’ because it's ‘they are’.
596
2177370
5150
'အá€Čá€’á€źá€™á€Ÿá€Ź' က 'ရဟိနေတယá€ș' ဆိုတေဏ့ အá€Čဒါက ကျုံ့နေတယá€ș။
36:22
All we have to do now is add ‘-ing’ to the verb.
597
2182520
5340
အခုလုပá€șá€›á€™á€Ÿá€Źá€€ á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€‘á€Čကို '-ing' ပေါငá€șသထည့á€șတာ။
36:27
‘They're training for the fight these days.’
598
2187860
4770
'ဒဟနေ့ တိုကá€șပလá€Čá€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș လေ့ကျင့á€șနေတဏ။'
36:32
And ‘We _blank_ teaching at the school.’
599
2192630
4370
á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€á€±á€Źá€· 'ငါတို့ _blank_ ကျေဏငá€șá€žá€™á€Ÿá€Ź စာသငá€șတယá€ș။'
36:37
Again we're missing the ‘be’ verb.
600
2197000
3140
တစá€șဖနá€ș ကျလနá€șုပá€șတို့သညá€ș 'be' á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€€á€­á€Ż လလá€Čချေဏá€șနေပဌနá€șသညá€ș။
36:40
What is the ‘be’ verb for ‘we’?
601
2200140
2800
'ငါ' á€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș 'be' á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€€ ဘာလá€Č။
36:42
The correct answer is ‘are’.
602
2202940
2760
á€Ąá€–á€Œá€±á€™á€Ÿá€”á€șက 'are' ပါ။
36:45
‘We are teaching at the school.’
603
2205700
4780
'ငါတို့ကျေဏငá€șá€žá€™á€Ÿá€Ź စာသငá€șနေတယá€ș။'
36:50
Now let's look for the mistakes in the next sentence.
604
2210480
4010
အခု နေဏကá€șá€á€«á€€á€»á€™á€Ÿá€Ź á€Ąá€™á€Ÿá€Źá€žá€á€œá€±á€€á€­á€Ż á€›á€Ÿá€Źá€€á€Œá€Šá€·á€șရဥေဏငá€ș။
36:54
‘Ben is study to become a doctor.’
605
2214490
4800
'Ben က ဆရာဝနá€șဖဌစá€șဖို့ စာသငá€șတယá€ș။'
36:59
Can you find the error?
606
2219290
2500
á€Ąá€™á€Ÿá€Źá€žá€›á€Ÿá€Źá€á€œá€±á€·á€”á€­á€Żá€„á€șá€•á€«á€žá€œá€Źá€žá‹
37:01
Well we have the subject and we have the proper ‘be verb’.
607
2221790
4380
ကေဏငá€șá€žá€•á€Œá€ź ကျလနá€șုပá€șá€á€­á€Żá€·á€á€œá€„á€ș á€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șá€žá€Ąá€›á€Źá€›á€Ÿá€­á€•á€Œá€źá€ž သင့á€șá€œá€»á€±á€Źá€șသေဏ 'be verb' ရဟိသညá€ș။
37:06
What we're missing is the ‘-ing’ at the end of ‘study’.
608
2226170
5900
'á€œá€±á€·á€œá€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Ż' ရá€Čá€·á€Ąá€†á€Żá€¶á€žá€™á€Ÿá€Ź '-ing' က လလá€Čနေတယá€ș။
37:12
The correct answer is, ‘Ben is studying to become a doctor’.
609
2232070
6200
á€Ąá€–á€Œá€±á€™á€Ÿá€”á€șက 'Ben က ဆရာဝနá€șဖဌစá€șဖို့ á€œá€±á€·á€œá€Źá€”á€±á€á€šá€ș' တá€Č့။
37:18
Let's look at the next sentence.
610
2238270
1710
နေဏကá€șá€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှကို ကဌည့á€șရဥေဏငá€ș။
37:19
‘I don't reading that book.’
611
2239980
3300
'ဒြစာအုပá€șကို ငါမဖတá€șဘူှ။'
37:23
hmm
612
2243280
1060
ဟမá€ș
37:24
‘I don't reading that book.’
613
2244340
2550
'ဒြစာအုပá€șကို ငါမဖတá€șဘူှ။'
37:26
To form the negative in the present continuous, we don't use ‘do’ or ‘does’
614
2246890
6740
ပစá€čစုပá€čပနá€șအဆကá€șမပဌတá€ș ဥပျကá€șá€žá€˜á€±á€Źá€€á€­á€Ż ပုံဖေဏá€șရနá€ș 'do' á€žá€­á€Żá€·á€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș 'does' á€™á€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€˜á€Č
37:33
We use the ‘be’ verb.
615
2253630
2060
'be' á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€€á€­á€Ż သုံသသညá€ș။
37:35
What is the be verb for ‘I’?
616
2255690
2460
'ငါ' á€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș be verb ဆိုတာ ဘာလá€Č။
37:38
The correct answer is ‘am’.
617
2258150
2200
á€Ąá€–á€Œá€±á€™á€Ÿá€”á€șက 'am' ပါ။
37:40
‘I am not reading that book.’
618
2260350
6060
'ဒြစာအုပá€șကို ငါမဖတá€șဘူှ။'
37:46
There is no contraction for ‘am not’.
619
2266410
3680
'ငါ' á€Ąá€á€œá€€á€șတေဏ့ á€€á€»á€Żá€¶á€·á€á€Œá€„á€șသမရဟိပါဘူသ။
37:50
Finally, ‘They are to learn English.’
620
2270090
4490
နေဏကá€șဆုံသဥနေနá€Č့ 'သူတို့က အငá€șá€čဂလိပá€șစာကို သငá€șယူဖို့' တá€Č့။
37:54
We have the subject and we have the correct ‘be’ verb,
621
2274580
4080
ကျလနá€șုပá€șá€á€­á€Żá€·á€á€œá€„á€ș á€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șá€žá€Ąá€›á€Źá€›á€Ÿá€­á€•á€Œá€źá€ž မဟနá€șကနá€șသေဏ 'be' á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€›á€Ÿá€­á€žá€Šá€ș၊
37:58
but remember we need verb ‘-ing’.
622
2278660
3240
သို့သေဏá€ș ကျလနá€șုပá€șတို့သညá€ș á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Ź '-ing' လိုအပá€șသညá€șကို သတိရပါ။
38:01
Therefore, the correct answer is,
623
2281900
3050
á€‘á€­á€Żá€·á€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș á€Ąá€–á€Œá€±á€™á€Ÿá€”á€șá€™á€Ÿá€Ź
38:04
‘They are learning English.’
624
2284950
4570
'သူတို့ အငá€șá€čဂလိပá€șစာ သငá€șယူနေကဌသညá€ș'။
38:09
Let's move on to the next checkup.
625
2289520
2890
နေဏကá€șတစá€șကဌိမá€ș စစá€șá€†á€±á€žá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€žá€­á€Żá€· ဆကá€șá€žá€œá€Źá€žá€€á€Œá€•á€«á€…á€­á€Żá€·á‹
38:12
For this checkup we'll take a look at how the present continuous tense
626
2292410
4250
ကစစá€șá€†á€±á€žá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș ကျလနá€șုပá€șတို့သညá€ș အနာဂတá€șအစြအစဉá€șမျဏသကို ဆလေသနလေသရနá€șá€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș
38:16
can be used to talk about future plans.
627
2296660
2770
ပစá€čစုပá€čပနá€șအဆကá€șမပဌတá€șကာလကို မညá€șá€žá€­á€Żá€·á€Ąá€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€•á€Œá€Żá€›á€™á€Šá€șကို á€œá€±á€·á€œá€Źá€€á€Œá€Šá€·á€șပါမညá€ș
38:19
Let's take a look.
628
2299430
1720
။ ကဌည့á€șá€€á€Œá€›á€Ąá€±á€Źá€„á€ș။
38:21
The first sentence says, ‘They're play a game tonight.’
629
2301150
4270
á€•á€‘á€™á€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှက 'ဒဟနေ့ည ဂိမá€șá€žá€€á€…á€Źá€žá€”á€±á€€á€Œá€á€šá€ș' တá€Č့။
38:25
The verb we want to use is ‘play’.
630
2305420
3850
ကျလနá€șတေဏá€șတို့သုံသချငá€șတá€Č့ á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€€ 'play' ပါ။
38:29
Remember we start with the subject and here we have it, ‘they’.
631
2309270
4610
ဘာသာရပá€șနá€Čá€·á€…á€•á€Œá€źá€ž 'သူတို့' ဆိုတာကို သတိရပါ။
38:33
Then we have the ‘be’ verb.
632
2313880
2060
ထို့နေဏကá€ș ကျလနá€șုပá€șá€á€­á€Żá€·á€á€œá€„á€ș 'be' á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€›á€Ÿá€­á€žá€Šá€ș။
38:35
In this case we used a contraction for ‘they are – ‘they’re’.
633
2315940
5220
ကကိစá€čစတလငá€ș ကျလနá€șုပá€șတို့သညá€ș 'á€žá€°á€á€­á€Żá€·á€–á€Œá€…á€șသညá€ș— 'သူတို့'' á€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș á€€á€»á€Żá€¶á€·á€á€Œá€„á€șှကို သုံသသညá€ș။
38:41
That's correct.
634
2321160
1020
အá€Čဒါမဟနá€șတယá€ș။
38:42
After that we have to add ‘-ing’ to the end of the verb,
635
2322180
5310
အá€Čဒဟနေဏကá€șá€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€›á€Čá€·á€Ąá€†á€Żá€¶á€žá€™á€Ÿá€Ź '-ing' ကိုထည့á€șá€›á€™á€Ÿá€Źá€–á€Œá€…á€șá€œá€­á€Żá€·
38:47
so the correct answer is, ‘They're playing a game tonight.’
636
2327490
5220
á€Ąá€–á€Œá€±á€™á€Ÿá€”á€șက 'ဒြည ဂိမá€șá€žá€€á€…á€Źá€žá€”á€±á€€á€Œá€á€šá€ș'။
38:52
The next sentence says, 'We _blank_ not studying tomorrow.’
637
2332710
6600
နေဏကá€șá€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှက 'ငါတို့ _blank_ မနကá€șဖဌနá€ș စဏမကျကá€șဘူှ' တá€Č့။
38:59
Looks good but there's a word that's missing.
638
2339310
3010
ကဌည့á€șကေဏငá€șသပေမယ့á€ș လလá€Čနေတá€Č့ စကာှတစá€șခလနá€șသရဟိတယá€ș။
39:02
This is the negative form because we have ‘not’.
639
2342320
3160
ကသညá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Ź ကျလနá€șုပá€șá€á€­á€Żá€·á€á€œá€„á€ș 'မရဟိ' á€žá€±á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș အနုတá€șလကá€čá€á€á€Źá€†á€±á€Źá€„á€șသညá€ș။
39:05
We simply need the ‘be’ verb for ‘we’.
640
2345480
2850
'ငါ' á€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș 'be' á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€•á€Čလိုတယá€ș။
39:08
The correct ‘be’ verb is ‘are’.
641
2348330
2910
မဟနá€șကနá€șသေဏ 'be' á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€žá€Šá€ș 'are' ဖဌစá€șသညá€ș။
39:11
‘We are not studying tomorrow.’
642
2351240
4230
'ငါတို့ မနကá€șဖဌနá€ș စဏမကျကá€șဘူှ'
39:15
The next sentence says, ‘Lynn is _blank_ out tonight.’
643
2355470
4530
နေဏကá€șá€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှက 'လငá€șသနေ _blank_ ဒြည ထလကá€șá€žá€œá€Źá€žá€•á€Œá€ź' တá€Č့။
39:20
and we want to use the verb ‘go’.
644
2360000
3210
á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€á€±á€Źá€· á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Ź 'go' ကို သုံသချငá€șတယá€ș။
39:23
Remember 'Lynn' and then the ‘be’ verb – ‘is’.
645
2363210
4150
'လငá€șှ' နဟင့á€ș 'be' á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Ź - 'is' ကို သတိရပါ။
39:27
That's correct.
646
2367360
1260
အá€Čဒါမဟနá€șတယá€ș။
39:28
All we have to do is add ‘-ing’.
647
2368620
2230
á€„á€«á€á€­á€Żá€·á€œá€Żá€•á€șá€›á€™á€Ÿá€Źá€€ '-ing' ကိုထည့á€șပါ။
39:30
‘Lynn is going out tonight.’
648
2370850
5710
'လငá€șှဒြည á€Ąá€•á€Œá€„á€șá€žá€œá€Źá€žá€™á€šá€ș။' ဒါကို á€Ąá€†á€­á€Żá€žá€™á€Œá€„á€șဥေဏငá€șလုပá€șဖို့
39:36
To make this negative you can say,
649
2376560
2450
'လငá€șှဒြည á€Ąá€•á€Œá€„á€șမထလကá€șဘူှ'
39:39
‘Lynn is not going out tonight.’
650
2379010
2300
á€œá€­á€Żá€· á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€”á€­á€Żá€„á€șပါတယá€ș ။
39:41
or ‘Lynn isn't going out tonight.’
651
2381310
2570
á€’á€«á€™á€Ÿá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș 'လငá€șှဒြည á€Ąá€•á€Œá€„á€șမထလကá€șဘူှ'
39:43
The next sentence says, ‘Laura isn't study this evening.’
652
2383880
6590
နေဏကá€șá€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှက 'á€œá€±á€Źá€șရာ ဒဟညနေ စဏမကျကá€șဘူှ' တá€Č့။
39:50
Can you find the mistake?
653
2390470
3030
á€Ąá€™á€Ÿá€Źá€žá€€á€­á€Ż á€›á€Ÿá€Źá€á€œá€±á€·á€”á€­á€Żá€„á€șမလာှ။
39:53
Remember we have to add ‘-ing’ to the end of the verb,
654
2393500
4880
á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€Ąá€†á€Żá€¶á€žá€™á€Ÿá€Ź '-ing' ကို ထည့á€șရမယá€ș၊
39:58
so we need to say,
655
2398380
1880
á€’á€«á€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș
40:00
‘Laura isn't studying this evening.’
656
2400260
6130
'á€œá€±á€Źá€șရာ ဒဟညနေ စဏမကျကá€șဘူှ' á€œá€­á€Żá€· á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€›á€™á€šá€ș ။
40:06
The next sentence says,
657
2406390
1470
နေဏကá€șá€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှက
40:07
‘My sons will playing chess later.’
658
2407860
3900
'á€„á€«á€·á€žá€Źá€žá€á€œá€±á€€ စစá€șတုရငá€șကစာှမယá€ș' တá€Č့။
40:11
We are talking about a future plan,
659
2411760
2580
ကျလနá€șုပá€șတို့သညá€ș အနာဂတá€șအစြအစဉá€șá€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șá€žá€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€”á€±á€žá€±á€Ź
40:14
so you might be tempted to use ‘well’ or ‘will’, I'm sorry.
660
2414340
4930
á€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș သငá€șသညá€ș 'ကေဏငá€șှ' á€žá€­á€Żá€·á€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș 'ဆနá€čဒ' ကိုသုံသရနá€ș á€žá€œá€±á€žá€†á€±á€Źá€„á€șခံရနိုငá€șသညá€ș၊ ကျလနá€șုပá€șတေဏငá€șှပနá€șပါသညá€ș။
40:19
However, instead of saying ‘will’, we use the ‘be’ verb.
661
2419270
3760
သို့သေဏá€ș 'will' á€Ÿá€Żá€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€™á€Šá€·á€șအစာှ 'be' á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€€á€­á€Ż သုံသသညá€ș။
40:23
‘My sons are playing chess later.’
662
2423030
6560
'á€„á€«á€·á€žá€Źá€žá€á€œá€±á€€ စစá€șတုရငá€șá€€á€…á€Źá€žá€á€Źá€€á€œá€Źá‹'
40:29
And finally, ‘She's not to eating dinner tonight.’
663
2429590
4350
နေဏကá€șဆုံသတေဏ့ 'သူ ဒြည ညစာ မစာှရဘူှ' တá€Č့။
40:33
There's an extra word in here that we don't need.
664
2433940
3610
á€€á€”á€±á€›á€Źá€á€œá€„á€ș ကျလနá€șုပá€șá€á€­á€Żá€·á€™á€œá€­á€Żá€Ąá€•á€șသေဏ á€Ąá€•á€­á€Żá€…á€€á€Źá€žá€œá€Żá€¶á€žá€á€…á€șá€á€Żá€›á€Ÿá€­á€žá€Šá€ș။
40:37
What is it?
665
2437550
1620
အá€Čá€’á€«á€˜á€Źá€œá€Č?
40:39
It's ‘to’.
666
2439170
1410
'to' ပါ။
40:40
Remember, subject - ‘be’ verb, not verb ‘-ing’.
667
2440580
5900
Subject - 'be' verb ၊ verb '-ing' ကို သတိရပါ။
40:46
We do not need ‘to’ in this sentence.
668
2446480
2860
á€’á€źá€á€«á€€á€»á€™á€Ÿá€Ź 'to' á€™á€œá€­á€Żá€•á€«á€˜á€°á€žá‹
40:49
All right well that's the end of this checkup.
669
2449340
3790
ကေဏငá€șá€žá€•á€Œá€źáŠ ဒြစစá€șá€†á€±á€žá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€›á€Č့ á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€†á€Żá€¶á€žá€•á€«á€•á€Œá€źá‹
40:53
Let's move on.
670
2453130
1000
ဆကá€șá€€á€Œá€›á€Ąá€±á€Źá€„á€ș။
40:54
Good job, everyone.
671
2454130
1470
ကေဏငá€șá€žá€žá€±á€Źá€Ąá€œá€Żá€•á€ș၊ လူတိုငá€șှ။
40:55
You just completed the lesson on the present continuous tense.
672
2455600
4260
ပစá€čစုပá€čပနá€ș စဉá€șဆကá€șမပဌတá€ș တငá€șá€žá€™á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€†á€­á€Żá€„á€șရာ သငá€șခနá€șှစာကို သငá€ș á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€™á€Œá€±á€Źá€€á€șခá€Č့သညá€ș။
40:59
This tense is not easy but you did a great job.
673
2459860
3120
ဒြတငá€șá€žá€™á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€€ မလလယá€șပေမယ့á€ș မငá€șှအလုပá€șကေဏငá€șသကေဏငá€șှလုပá€șခá€Č့တယá€ș။
41:02
And keep watching to learn more.
674
2462980
2030
á€•á€­á€Żá€™á€­á€Żá€œá€±á€·á€œá€Źá€›á€”á€ș ဆကá€șလကá€șကဌည့á€șá€›á€Ÿá€Żá€•á€«á‹
41:05
I know English can be difficult but with practice and effort you will improve.
675
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အငá€șá€čဂလိပá€șစာက ခကá€șခá€Čနိုငá€șတယá€șဆိုတာ သိပေမယ့á€ș လေ့ကျင့á€șá€™á€Ÿá€Ż နá€Č့ အာှထုတá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Ż က ပိုကေဏငá€șá€žá€œá€Źá€œá€­á€™á€·á€șမယá€ș။
41:09
I promise.
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ကျလနá€șတေဏá€șကတိပေသပါတယá€ș။
41:11
See you in the next video.
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နေဏကá€ș video á€™á€Ÿá€Źá€á€œá€±á€·á€™á€šá€ș။
41:15
Hi, everyone.
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မငá€șá€čá€‚á€œá€Źá€•á€« လူတိုငá€șှ။
41:22
I'm Esther.
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ကျလနá€șတေဏá€șက Esther ပါ။
41:23
In this video, I'm going to introduce the present perfect tense.
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ဒြ Video á€™á€Ÿá€Ź Present Perfect Tense ကို မိတá€șဆကá€șပေသပါမယá€ș။
41:28
This tense can be used to talk about an action that happened in the past,
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ကတငá€șá€žá€™á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€€á€­á€Ż အတိတá€șက ဖဌစá€șပျကá€șခá€Č့သေဏ လုပá€șရပá€șတစá€șá€á€Żá€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှ á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€›á€”á€ș သုံသနိုငá€șသေဏá€șလညá€șှ
41:32
but when it happened is not very important or it’s unknown.
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၎ငá€șှသညá€ș မညá€șသည့á€șဥချိနá€șတလငá€ș ဖဌစá€șပျကá€șခá€Č့သညá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Ź á€Ąá€œá€œá€”á€șá€Ąá€›á€±á€žá€€á€Œá€źá€žá€žá€Šá€ș á€žá€­á€Żá€·á€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș မသိရသေသပါ။
41:37
It can also be used to talk about an action that started in the past and continues in
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အတိတá€șကစတငá€șá€•á€Œá€źá€ž ပစá€čစုပá€čပနá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Ź ဆကá€șလကá€șဖဌစá€șပေါá€șနေတá€Č့ လုပá€șဆေဏငá€șချကá€șတစá€șá€á€Żá€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှ á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€–á€­á€Żá€·á€œá€Šá€șှ သုံသနိုငá€șပါတယá€ș
41:43
the present.
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။
41:45
We really want to emphasize how long that action has been happening.
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ဒြလုပá€șရပá€șဟာ ဘယá€șá€œá€±á€Źá€€á€șá€€á€Œá€Źá€€á€Œá€Ź ဖဌစá€șပျကá€șနေလá€Čဆိုတာကို á€Ąá€œá€±á€žá€‘á€Źá€žá€á€»á€„á€șပါတယá€ș။
41:50
And finally, we use this tense to talk about a recent action.
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နေဏကá€șဆုံသဥနေနá€Č့၊ á€™á€€á€Œá€Źá€žá€±á€žá€™á€źá€€ လုပá€șဆေဏငá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€…á€șá€á€Żá€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှ á€†á€œá€±á€žá€”á€œá€±á€žá€–á€­á€Żá€· ဒြတငá€șá€žá€™á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€€á€­á€Ż á€Ąá€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€•á€Œá€Żá€•á€«á€á€šá€ș။
41:55
There's a lot to learn and a lot of important information, so keep watching.
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သငá€șá€šá€°á€…á€›á€Źá€á€œá€± á€Ąá€™á€»á€Źá€žá€€á€Œá€źá€žá€›á€Ÿá€­á€•á€Œá€źá€ž á€Ąá€›á€±á€žá€€á€Œá€źá€žá€á€Č့ ဥချကá€șအလကá€șတလေ á€Ąá€™á€»á€Źá€žá€€á€Œá€źá€žá€›á€Ÿá€­á€á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș ဆကá€șလကá€șကဌည့á€șá€›á€Ÿá€Żá€•á€«á‹
42:03
Let's talk about one usage of the present perfect tense.
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Present Perfect tense ရá€Č့ á€Ąá€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€•á€Œá€Żá€•á€Żá€¶á€á€…á€șá€á€Żá€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှ á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€€á€Œá€Šá€·á€șရဥေဏငá€ș။
42:07
This tense can be used to talk about an action that happened in the past.
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ကတငá€șá€žá€™á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€€á€­á€Ż အတိတá€șက ဖဌစá€șပျကá€șခá€Č့သေဏ လုပá€șရပá€șတစá€șá€á€Żá€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှ á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€›á€”á€ș သုံသနိုငá€șသညá€ș။
42:11
But when it happened is not important or not known.
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ဒါပေမယ့á€ș ဘယá€șဥချိနá€șက ဖဌစá€șခá€Č့လá€Č ဆိုတဏတေဏ့ မသိရသေသပါဘူသ။
42:17
However, this action is important to the conversation right now.
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သို့သေဏá€șလညá€șှ á€€á€œá€Żá€•á€șဆေဏငá€șချကá€șသညá€ș á€šá€á€Żá€…á€€á€Źá€žá€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€†á€­á€Żá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș á€Ąá€›á€±á€žá€€á€Œá€źá€žá€•á€«á€žá€Šá€ș။
42:22
Let's take a look at some examples.
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ငပမဏဥချို့ကို á€œá€±á€·á€œá€Źá€€á€Œá€Šá€·á€șရဥေဏငá€ș။
42:25
The first one says, ‘I have been to Canada.’
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ပထမတစá€șယေဏကá€șက 'ငါ ကနေဒါကို ရေဏကá€șဖူှတယá€ș' တá€Č့။
42:29
What we do here is we start with the subject, ‘I’.
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á€’á€źá€”á€±á€›á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Ź á€„á€«á€á€­á€Żá€·á€œá€Żá€•á€șနေတဏက 'ငါ' ဆိုတá€Č့ ဘာသာရပá€șနá€Č့ စတယá€ș။
42:33
For ‘I’, ‘you’, ‘we’, and ‘they’, we follow with ‘have’.
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'ငါ'၊ 'မငá€șှ'၊ 'ငါ' နá€Č့ 'သူတို့' á€Ąá€á€œá€€á€șတေဏ့ 'ရဟိသညá€ș' နá€Č့ လိုကá€șနေတယá€ș။
42:39
After that we use the past participle of the verb.
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ထို့နေဏကá€șá€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źáá€Ąá€á€­á€á€ș participle ကိုသုံသသညá€ș။
42:42
In this case, the verb is ‘be’.
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ကကိစá€čစတလငá€ș၊ á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€žá€Šá€ș 'be' ဖဌစá€șသညá€ș။
42:45
And so the past participle is ‘been’.
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á€’á€«á€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș အတိတá€șက ပါဝငá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€€ 'ဖဌစá€ș' တယá€ș။
42:47
‘I have been to Canada.’
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'ကျလနá€șမ ကနေဒါကို ရေဏကá€șဖူှတယá€ș။'
42:51
The next sentence says, ‘My cousins have seen the movie.’
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နေဏကá€șá€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှက 'ငါ့ဝမá€șသကလá€Čတလေက ရုပá€șရဟငá€șကဌည့á€șဖူှတယá€ș' တá€Č့။
42:55
My cousins is a ‘they’.
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ငါ့ဝမá€șသကလá€Čတလေက 'သူတို့' တá€Č့။
42:58
And so again, we follow with ‘have’.
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á€’á€«á€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș ထပá€șá€•á€Œá€źá€žá€á€±á€Źá€· ' have' နá€Č့ လိုကá€șလုပá€șတယá€ș။
43:01
And the past participle of see is ‘seen’.
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မဌငá€șခဌငá€șှ၏ အတိတá€șသညá€ș 'မဌငá€șခဌငá€șှ' ဖဌစá€ș၏။
43:05
‘They have seen the movie.’
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'ရုပá€șရဟငá€șကဌည့á€șဖူှတယá€ș'
43:08
Or ‘My cousins have seen the movie.’
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á€’á€«á€™á€Ÿá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș 'ငါ့ဝမá€șသကလá€Čတလေက ရုပá€șရဟငá€șကဌည့á€șဖူှတယá€ș။'
43:10
The next example says, ‘Chad has gone home.’
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နေဏကá€șငပမဏက 'Chad အိမá€șပဌနá€șá€žá€œá€Źá€žá€•á€Œá€ź' ဟုဆိုသညá€ș။
43:14
Chad is a ‘he’.
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ချဒá€șသညá€ș 'သူ' ဖဌစá€șသညá€ș။
43:17
For ‘he’, ‘she’, ‘it’, we follow with ‘has’.
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'သူ'၊ 'သူမ'၊ 'it' á€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș၊ ငါတို့သညá€ș 'ရဟိ' နဟင့á€ș လိုကá€ș၏။
43:22
Then, the past participle ‘gone’ is for the verb ‘go’.
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ထို့နေဏကá€ș 'á€žá€œá€Źá€ž' သညá€ș á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Ź 'go' á€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș ဖဌစá€șသညá€ș။
43:27
‘Chad has gone home.’
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'ချဒá€ș အိမá€șပဌနá€șá€žá€œá€Źá€žá€•á€Œá€ź'
43:30
And finally, ‘My phone has been fixed.’
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နေဏကá€șဆုံသဥနေနá€Č့ 'ငါ့ဖုနá€șှကို ပဌငá€șá€•á€Œá€źá€žá€•á€Œá€ź'
43:34
My phone is an ‘it’.
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ငါ့ဖုနá€șှက 'အá€Č' တá€Č့။
43:36
Therefore, I use ‘has’.
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á€‘á€­á€Żá€·á€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș ကျလနá€șုပá€șသညá€ș 'ရဟိ' ကို သုံသသညá€ș။
43:39
And then I need the past participle of ‘be’ – ‘been’.
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á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€á€±á€Źá€· 'be' - 'been' ရá€Č့ အတိတá€șက ပါဝငá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€€á€­á€Ż လိုအပá€șတယá€ș။
43:42
‘My phone has been fixed.’
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'ငါ့ဖုနá€șှ ပဌငá€șá€•á€Œá€źá€žá€•á€Œá€źá‹'
43:46
Let's move on to the next usage.
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နေဏကá€șá€Ąá€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€•á€Œá€Żá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€žá€­á€Żá€· ဆကá€șá€žá€œá€Źá€žá€€á€Œá€•á€«á€…á€­á€Żá€·á‹
43:48
The present perfect tense is also used to describe an action that started in the past
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ပစá€čစုပá€čပနá€ș á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€•á€Œá€Šá€·á€șစုံသေဏ တငá€șá€žá€™á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€€á€­á€Żá€œá€Šá€șှ အတိတá€șတလငá€ș စတငá€șခá€Čá€·á€•á€Œá€źá€ž
43:54
and continues in the present.
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ပစá€čစုပá€čပနá€șတလငá€ș ဆကá€șလကá€șတညá€șရဟိနေသည့á€ș လုပá€șဆေဏငá€șချကá€șကို ဖေဏá€șပဌရနá€șá€Ąá€á€œá€€á€șလညá€șှ á€Ąá€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€•á€Œá€Żá€•á€«á€žá€Šá€ș။
43:56
‘for’ and since’ are common expressions used with the present perfect tense.
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'for' နဟင့á€ș since' တို့သညá€ș present perfect tense ဖဌင့á€ș á€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€œá€±á€·á€›á€Ÿá€­á€žá€±á€Ź á€Ąá€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€Ąá€”á€Ÿá€Żá€”á€șá€žá€™á€»á€Źá€žá€–á€Œá€…á€șသညá€ș။
44:02
Let's take a look at these examples.
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á€’á€źá€„á€•á€™á€Źá€á€œá€±á€€á€­á€Ż á€œá€±á€·á€œá€Źá€€á€Œá€Šá€·á€șရဥေဏငá€ș။
44:05
‘I have worked there since 2002.’
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'ကျလနá€șတေဏá€ș 2002 á€á€Żá€”á€Ÿá€…á€șကတညá€șှက အá€Čá€’á€źá€™á€Ÿá€Ź အလုပá€șလုပá€șပါတယá€ș။
44:09
You'll notice we start with the subject.
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á€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șá€žá€Ąá€›á€Źá€–á€Œá€„á€·á€ș စတငá€șသညá€șကို á€žá€á€­á€•á€Œá€Żá€™á€­á€•á€«á€œá€­á€™á€·á€șမညá€ș။
44:11
If it's ‘I’, ‘you’ or ‘we’, we have ‘have’.
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'ငါ' 'မငá€șှ' á€’á€«á€™á€Ÿá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș 'ငါ' ဆိုရငá€ș á€„á€«á€á€­á€Żá€·á€™á€Ÿá€Ź 'ရဟိတယá€ș'။
44:16
Then the past participle of the verb.
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á€‘á€­á€Żá€Ąá€á€«á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źáá€Ąá€á€­á€á€ș particip ။
44:19
In this case - ‘worked’.
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á€’á€źá€”á€±á€›á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Ź - 'အလုပá€șလုပá€șတယá€ș'။
44:21
What you'll notice here is that we also have ‘since 2002’.
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á€€á€”á€±á€›á€Źá€á€œá€„á€ș သငá€șá€žá€á€­á€•á€Œá€Żá€™á€­á€›á€™á€Šá€·á€șဥချကá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Ź ကျလနá€șုပá€șတို့သညá€ș '၂၀၀၂ á€á€Żá€”á€Ÿá€…á€șကတညá€șှက' လညá€șသရဟိနေသညá€ș။
44:26
This shows when the action started, so with the expression ‘since’, you need to use
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၎ငá€șှသညá€ș လုပá€șဆေဏငá€șချကá€șစတငá€șသည့á€șဥချိနá€șá€€á€­á€Żá€•á€Œá€žá€žá€Šá€ș၊ á€‘á€­á€Żá€·á€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș 'ကတညá€șှက' á€Ÿá€°á€žá€±á€Źá€Ąá€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€Ąá€”á€Ÿá€Żá€”á€șသဖဌင့á€ș၊ သငá€șသညá€ș
44:32
a specific point in time.
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ဥချိနá€șမြသတá€șမဟတá€șထဏသသေဏဥချကá€șကို á€Ąá€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€•á€Œá€Żá€›á€”á€șလိုအပá€șသညá€ș။
44:35
The next example does the same thing.
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နေဏကá€șငပမဏက ဥတူတူပါပá€Č။
44:38
‘You have had a car since last year.’
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'မနဟစá€șကတညá€șှက မငá€șá€žá€™á€Ÿá€Ź ကာှတစá€șá€…á€źá€žá€›á€Ÿá€­á€”á€±á€•á€Œá€ź'
44:41
Again, we use ‘since’, so we have a specific point in time - ‘last year’.
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တစá€șဖနá€ș၊ ကျလနá€șုပá€șတို့သညá€ș 'ကတညá€șှက' ကိုသုံသသညá€ș၊ á€‘á€­á€Żá€·á€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș ကျလနá€șုပá€șá€á€­á€Żá€·á€á€œá€„á€ș á€á€­á€€á€»á€žá€±á€Źá€Ąá€™á€Ÿá€á€ș- 'မနဟစá€șက' ရဟိသညá€ș။
44:48
Take a look at the next example.
732
2688850
2040
နေဏကá€șá€„á€•á€™á€Źá€€á€­á€Żá€€á€Œá€Šá€·á€șပါ။
44:50
‘Anna has liked him for weeks.’
733
2690890
3060
'အနá€șနာက သူ့ကို ရကá€șသတá€čတပတá€șပေါငá€șá€žá€™á€»á€Źá€žá€…á€œá€Ź á€žá€˜á€±á€Źá€€á€»á€á€šá€ș။'
44:53
In this case the subject is ‘Anna’.
734
2693950
2530
á€’á€źá€”á€±á€›á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Ź ဘာသာရပá€șက 'အနá€ș'။
44:56
Which is a ‘she’, and so we use ‘has’.
735
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3060
'သူမ' ဖဌစá€șတá€Čá€·á€Ąá€á€œá€€á€șá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș 'has' ကို သုံသပါတယá€ș။
44:59
Then the past participle ‘liked’.
736
2699540
3260
ထိုဥခါ အတိတá€șက ပါဝငá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€€á€­á€Ż 'á€€á€Œá€­á€Żá€€á€șသညá€ș' တá€Č့။
45:02
However, at the end of the sentence, we see ‘for weeks’.
737
2702800
5440
သို့သေဏá€ș á€á€«á€€á€»á€Ąá€†á€Żá€¶á€žá€á€œá€„á€ș 'ရကá€șသတá€čတပတá€șမျဏသ' ကို ကျလနá€șုပá€șá€á€­á€Żá€·á€á€œá€±á€·á€™á€Œá€„á€șရသညá€ș။
45:08
Not ‘since weeks’.
738
2708240
1980
'ရကá€șသတá€čတပတá€șကတညá€șှက' မဟုတá€șပါ။
45:10
When we use ‘for’, we talk about the duration.
739
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ကျလနá€șတေဏá€șတို့ 'for' ကိုသုံသတá€Č့ဥခါ á€€á€Œá€Źá€á€»á€­á€”á€șá€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șá€žá€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€•á€«á€™á€šá€ș။
45:13
We explain how long this action has been true.
740
2713780
4240
á€€á€œá€Żá€•á€șရပá€șသညá€ș မညá€șá€™á€»á€Ÿá€€á€Œá€Źá€á€Čá€·á€•á€Œá€źá€–á€Œá€…á€șသညá€șကို ကျလနá€șုပá€șတို့ ရဟငá€șသပဌပါသညá€ș။
45:18
And finally, ‘We have eaten lunch here for 3 months.’
741
2718020
4790
နေဏကá€șဆုံသတေဏ့ 'ငါတို့ á€’á€źá€™á€Ÿá€Ź နေ့လညá€șစာ စာှတာ 3 á€œá€›á€Ÿá€­á€•á€Œá€ź'
45:22
Again, the sentence ends with ‘for 3 months’.
742
2722810
3750
တဖနá€ș၊ ဝါကျသညá€ș '၃ လ' ဖဌင့á€ș ဥဆုံသသတá€șသညá€ș။
45:26
So we show the duration.
743
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3100
အá€Čဒဟတေဏ့ á€€á€Œá€Źá€á€»á€­á€”á€șကို ပဌတယá€ș။
45:29
Let's move on to the next usage.
744
2729660
3010
နေဏကá€șá€Ąá€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€•á€Œá€Żá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€žá€­á€Żá€· ဆကá€șá€žá€œá€Źá€žá€€á€Œá€•á€«á€…á€­á€Żá€·á‹
45:32
In addition, the present perfect tense can be used to describe an action that recently
745
2732670
5600
á€‘á€­á€Żá€·á€Ąá€•á€Œá€„á€ș၊ á€™á€€á€Œá€Źá€žá€±á€žá€™á€źá€€
45:38
stopped.
746
2738270
1000
ရပá€șá€žá€œá€Źá€žá€á€Č့သေဏ လုပá€șဆေဏငá€șချကá€șတစá€șခုကို ဖေဏá€șပဌရနá€șá€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș လကá€șရဟိ perfect tense ကို သုံသနိုငá€șသညá€ș။
45:39
Let’s take a look at some examples.
747
2739270
2280
ငပမဏဥချို့ကို á€œá€±á€·á€œá€Źá€€á€Œá€Šá€·á€șရဥေဏငá€ș။
45:41
‘I have just been to the doctor,’
748
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3360
'ကျလနá€șတေဏá€ș ဆရာဝနá€șဆြ ရေဏကá€șဖူသပါတယá€ș'
45:44
So just like for all the other usages, we start with the subject,
749
2744910
4250
ဆိုတေဏ့ á€á€á€Œá€Źá€ž á€Ąá€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€Ąá€”á€Ÿá€Żá€”á€șá€žá€á€œá€±á€œá€­á€Żá€•á€Č၊
45:49
‘have’ or ‘has’, and the past participle.
750
2749160
3520
' have' or 'has' နá€Č့ past particile နá€Č့ စတယá€ș။
45:52
But you'll notice here, I used the word ‘just’ between ‘have’ and the verb.
751
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6220
ဒါပေမယ့á€ș á€’á€źá€”á€±á€›á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Ź á€žá€á€­á€‘á€Źá€žá€™á€­á€™á€Ÿá€Źá€•á€«áŠ ငါ 'have' နá€Č့ á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€€á€Œá€Źá€ž 'just' ဆိုတá€Č့ á€…á€€á€Źá€žá€œá€Żá€¶á€žá€€á€­á€Ż သုံသခá€Č့တယá€ș။
45:58
‘I have just been to the doctor.’
752
2758900
3420
'ကျလနá€șတေဏá€șက á€Ąá€á€Żá€™á€Ÿ ဆရာဝနá€șá€žá€œá€Źá€žá€–á€°á€žá€á€Źá‹'
46:02
This shows that it happened very recently.
753
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3760
á€’á€«á€Ÿá€Ź သိပá€șá€™á€€á€Œá€Źá€žá€±á€žá€á€„á€șက ဖဌစá€șပျကá€șခá€Č့တဏကို ပဌပါတယá€ș။
46:06
The next example says, ‘James has just seen his new baby.’
754
2766080
4660
နေဏကá€șငပမဏတစá€șခုက 'James က á€žá€°á€·á€€á€œá€±á€žá€Ąá€žá€…á€șကို မဌငá€șဖူှတယá€ș' တá€Č့။
46:10
Again, just goes in between ‘have’ or ‘has’ and the verb.
755
2770740
6160
တစá€șဖနá€ș၊ ' have' á€žá€­á€Żá€·á€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș 'has' နဟင့á€ș á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€€á€Œá€Źá€žá€á€œá€„á€șသာ á€žá€œá€Źá€žá€•á€«á€žá€Šá€ș။
46:16
Take a look at the next example.
756
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2840
နေဏကá€șá€„á€•á€™á€Źá€€á€­á€Żá€€á€Œá€Šá€·á€șပါ။
46:19
It says, ‘She has already been to China.’
757
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3960
'သူမက တရုတá€șပဌညá€șကို ရေဏကá€șá€”á€±á€•á€Œá€ź' á€œá€­á€Żá€· á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€•á€«á€á€šá€ș။
46:23
‘already’ is another word you can use to show that this action recently happened.
758
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5880
'á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€•á€Œá€ź' သညá€ș á€™á€€á€Œá€Źá€žá€±á€žá€™á€źá€€ ဖဌစá€șပျကá€șခá€Č့သညá€șကို ပဌသရနá€ș သငá€șသုံသနိုငá€șသေဏ á€Ąá€á€Œá€Źá€žá€…á€€á€Źá€žá€œá€Żá€¶á€žá€–á€Œá€…á€șသညá€ș။
46:29
However, ‘already’ can also be moved to the end of the sentence.
759
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5770
သို့သေဏá€ș 'á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€•á€Œá€ź' ကိုလညá€șှ á€á€«á€€á€»á€Ąá€†á€Żá€¶á€žá€žá€­á€Żá€· á€›á€œá€Ÿá€±á€·á€”á€­á€Żá€„á€șသညá€ș။
46:35
So it's perfectly fine to say, ‘She has been to China already.’
760
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6160
á€’á€«á€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș 'သူမက တရုတá€șပဌညá€șကို ရေဏကá€șá€”á€±á€•á€Œá€ź' á€œá€­á€Żá€· á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€›á€á€Ź ကေဏငá€șသပါတယá€ș။
46:41
And in the last example, ‘We have recently visited Tom.’
761
2801510
4140
နေဏကá€șá€†á€Żá€¶á€žá€„á€•á€™á€Źá€á€œá€„á€ș 'ကျလနá€șုပá€șတို့ á€™á€€á€Œá€Źá€žá€±á€žá€™á€źá€€ တလမá€șထံ á€žá€œá€Źá€žá€›á€±á€Źá€€á€șလညá€șပတá€șခá€Č့သညá€ș'။
46:45
Again, you can put this word between ‘have’ or ‘has’ and the verb.
762
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တစá€șဖနá€ș သငá€șသညá€ș á€€á€…á€€á€Źá€žá€œá€Żá€¶á€žá€€á€­á€Ż ' have' á€žá€­á€Żá€·á€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș 'has' နဟင့á€ș á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€€á€Œá€Źá€žá€á€œá€„á€ș ထည့á€șနိုငá€șသညá€ș။
46:51
Or you can also put it at the end of the sentence.
763
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á€’á€«á€™á€Ÿá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș á€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှရá€Čá€·á€Ąá€†á€Żá€¶á€žá€™á€Ÿá€Ź ထည့á€șá€œá€­á€Żá€·á€›á€•á€«á€á€šá€ș။
46:54
‘We have visited Tom recently.’
764
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'ကျလနá€șုပá€șတို့ တလမá€șကို á€™á€€á€Œá€Źá€žá€±á€žá€™á€źá€€ အလညá€șလာခá€Č့သညá€ș။'
46:58
Let's move on.
765
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1000
ဆကá€șá€€á€Œá€›á€Ąá€±á€Źá€„á€ș။
46:59
Let's take a look at the negative form of the present perfect tense.
766
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ပစá€čစုပá€čပနá€ș á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€•á€Œá€Šá€·á€șစုံသေဏ ကာလ၏ á€Ąá€†á€­á€Żá€žá€™á€Œá€„á€șပုံစံကို ကဌည့á€șá€€á€Œá€•á€«á€…á€­á€Żá€·á‹
47:04
Here are some examples.
767
2824060
1940
ကသညá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Ź á€„á€•á€™á€Źá€Ąá€á€»á€­á€Żá€·á€–á€Œá€…á€șသညá€ș။
47:06
The first one says, ‘I have not been to Europe.’
768
2826000
3280
ပထမတစá€șယေဏကá€șက 'ငရေဏပကို မရေဏကá€șဖူှဘူှ' တá€Č့။
47:09
What you'll notice in the first sentence is that we simply put a 'not' between ‘have’
769
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6550
á€•á€‘á€™á€á€«á€€á€»á€™á€Ÿá€Ź သတိထာှမိတာက 'have'
47:15
and ‘been’.
770
2835830
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နá€Č့ 'been' á€€á€Œá€Źá€žá€™á€Ÿá€Ź 'not' ကို á€›á€­á€Żá€žá€›á€­á€Żá€žá€›á€Ÿá€„á€șသရဟငá€șှ á€›á€±á€žá€•á€Œá€á€Źá€•á€«á‹
47:16
‘I have not been to Europe.’
771
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3580
'ငရေဏပကို မရေဏကá€șဖူှဘူှ။'
47:20
You can also use a contraction and say ‘I haven't been to Europe.’
772
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'ငရေဏပကို မရေဏကá€șဖူှဘူှ' á€œá€­á€Żá€·á€œá€Šá€șှ á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€”á€­á€Żá€„á€șပါတယá€ș။
47:26
The next sentence says, ‘It has not rained for 3 months.’
773
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5120
နေဏကá€șá€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှက 'á€™á€­á€Żá€žá€™á€›á€œá€Źá€á€Ź ၃ á€œá€›á€Ÿá€­á€•á€Œá€ź' တá€Č့။
47:31
Again, we put the ‘not’ between the ‘has’ and the verb.
774
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နေဏကá€șတဖနá€ș၊ ကျလနá€șုပá€șတို့သညá€ș 'မရဟိ' နဟင့á€ș á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€Ąá€€á€Œá€Źá€ž 'not' ကို ထည့á€șထာှသညá€ș။
47:36
‘It has not rained for 3 months.’
775
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4150
'á€™á€­á€Żá€žá€™á€›á€œá€Źá€á€Ź ၃ á€œá€›á€Ÿá€­á€•á€Œá€źá‹
47:40
Here we have a time expression to show the duration.
776
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4460
ကတလငá€ș ကျလနá€șုပá€șá€á€­á€Żá€·á€á€œá€„á€ș á€€á€Œá€Źá€á€»á€­á€”á€șá€€á€­á€Żá€•á€Œá€žá€›á€”á€ș ဥချိနá€șá€Ąá€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€Ąá€”á€Ÿá€Żá€”á€șှတစá€șá€á€Żá€›á€Ÿá€­á€žá€Šá€ș။
47:44
The next example says, ‘Teddy hasn't driven for 2 years.’
777
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နေဏကá€șငပမဏတစá€șခုကတေဏ့ 'Teddy မမေဏငá€șှတာ ၂ နဟစá€șá€›á€Ÿá€­á€•á€Œá€ź' တá€Č့။
47:50
We used the contraction here for ‘has’ and ‘not’ – ‘hasn't’.
778
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5040
á€€á€”á€±á€›á€Źá€á€œá€„á€ș á€€á€»á€Żá€¶á€·á€á€Œá€„á€șှကို ' has' နဟင့á€ș 'not' - 'hasn' á€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș သုံသသညá€ș။
47:55
And then we use the time expression ‘for 2 years’ at the end of the sentence.
779
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6500
á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€á€±á€Źá€· á€á€«á€€á€»á€Ąá€†á€Żá€¶á€žá€™á€Ÿá€Ź '2 years' ဆိုတá€Č့ ဥချိနá€șá€Ąá€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€Ąá€”á€Ÿá€Żá€”á€șှကို သုံသပါတယá€ș။
48:02
And finally, the last sentence says, ‘My sons haven't played soccer since 2010.’
780
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7510
နေဏကá€șဆုံသတေဏ့ နေဏကá€șá€†á€Żá€¶á€žá€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှက 'á€„á€«á€·á€žá€Źá€žá€á€œá€±á€€ 2010 á€á€Żá€”á€Ÿá€…á€șကတညá€șှက á€˜á€±á€Źá€œá€Żá€¶á€žá€™á€€á€…á€Źá€žá€€á€Œá€˜á€°á€ž' တá€Č့။
48:09
We see another contraction here for ‘have not’ – ‘haven't’.
781
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5120
' haven' – 'haven't' á€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș နေဏကá€șထပá€ș á€€á€»á€Żá€¶á€·á€™á€Ÿá€Żá€€á€­á€Ż á€€á€”á€±á€›á€Źá€á€œá€„á€ș ကျလနá€șုပá€șတို့ တလေ့နေရသညá€ș။
48:14
‘My sons haven't played soccer since 2010.’
782
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'ကျလနá€șá€™á€žá€Źá€žá€á€œá€±á€€ 2010 á€á€Żá€”á€Ÿá€…á€șကတညá€șှက á€˜á€±á€Źá€œá€Żá€¶á€žá€™á€€á€…á€Źá€žá€€á€Œá€˜á€°á€ž'
48:19
This time expression uses ‘since’.
783
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2430
ကဥချိနá€șá€Ąá€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€Ąá€”á€Ÿá€Żá€”á€șှသညá€ș 'စကတညá€șှက' ကိုသုံသသညá€ș။
48:22
And so we mention a specific point and time.
784
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á€’á€«á€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș တိကျတá€Č့ ဥချကá€șနá€Č့ ဥချိနá€șကို ဖေဏá€șပဌပါတယá€ș။
48:26
Let's move on.
785
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1130
ဆကá€șá€€á€Œá€›á€Ąá€±á€Źá€„á€ș။
48:27
Now let's take a look at the ‘have’ or ‘has’ question form of the present perfect
786
2907710
5340
ယခု ပစá€čစုပá€čပနá€ș á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€•á€Œá€Šá€·á€șစုံသေဏ ကာလ ၏ 'have' á€žá€­á€Żá€·á€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș 'has' မေသခလနá€șသပုံစံကို ကဌည့á€șá€€á€Œá€•á€«á€…á€­á€Żá€·
48:33
tense.
787
2913050
1240
။
48:34
Take a look at the board.
788
2914290
1970
ဘုတá€șá€€á€­á€Żá€€á€Œá€Šá€·á€șပါ။
48:36
The first sentence says, ‘Mike has eaten lunch.’
789
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4080
á€•á€‘á€™á€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှက 'Mike က နေ့လညá€șစာ á€…á€Źá€žá€•á€Œá€źá€žá€•á€Œá€ź' တá€Č့။
48:40
That is a statement.
790
2920340
1430
အá€Čဒါပá€Čနေဏá€ș။
48:41
Now to turn it into a question, it's quite easy.
791
2921770
3960
á€Ąá€á€Żá€™á€±á€žá€á€œá€”á€șှတစá€șá€á€Żá€Ąá€–á€Œá€…á€șá€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șသဖို့က တေဏá€șတေဏá€șလလယá€șပါတယá€ș။
48:45
All you have to do is put ‘has’ at the beginning.
792
2925730
3790
သငá€șလုပá€șá€›á€™á€Ÿá€Źá€€ ' has ' ကို á€Ąá€…á€™á€Ÿá€Ź ထည့á€șလိုကá€șပါ။
48:49
Then you follow with the subject and then the past participle.
793
2929520
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အá€Čဒဟနေဏကá€ș သငá€șက á€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှအရာနá€Č့ လိုကá€șá€•á€Œá€źá€žá€á€±á€Źá€· အတိတá€șရá€Č့ ပါဝငá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€•á€«á‹
48:54
You'll notice that the placement of the past participle doesn't change.
794
2934330
4750
ယခငá€șပါဝငá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Żá á€”á€±á€›á€Źá€á€»á€‘á€Źá€žá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€žá€Šá€ș á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှလá€Čခဌငá€șá€žá€™á€›á€Ÿá€­á€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှ သငá€șá€žá€á€­á€•á€Œá€Żá€™á€­á€•á€«á€œá€­á€™á€·á€șမညá€ș။
48:59
We've simply changed the order of the first 2 words.
795
2939080
3820
á€•á€‘á€™á€…á€€á€Źá€žá€œá€Żá€¶á€ž 2 á€œá€Żá€¶á€žá ဥစဟဥစငá€șကို ကျလနá€șုပá€șတို့ á€›á€­á€Żá€žá€›á€Ÿá€„á€șá€žá€…á€œá€Ź á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှလá€Čထဏသပါသညá€ș။
49:02
‘Has Mike eaten lunch?’
796
2942900
2350
' Mike နေ့လညá€șစာ á€…á€Źá€žá€•á€Œá€źá€žá€•á€Œá€źá€œá€Źá€ž '
49:05
‘Has Mike eaten lunch?’
797
2945250
3000
' Mike နေ့လညá€șစာ á€…á€Źá€žá€•á€Œá€źá€žá€•á€Œá€źá€œá€Źá€ž '
49:08
And you can answer by saying ‘Yes, he has.’ or ‘No, he hasn't.’
798
2948250
5690
á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€á€±á€Źá€· 'ဟုတá€șတယá€ș၊ á€žá€°á€·á€™á€Ÿá€Źá€›á€Ÿá€­á€á€šá€ș' á€œá€­á€Żá€·á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€•á€Œá€źá€ž သငá€șá€–á€Œá€±á€”á€­á€Żá€„á€șပါတယá€ș။ á€’á€«á€™á€Ÿá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș 'မဟုတá€șဘူှ၊ သူက မရဟိဘူသ။'
49:13
The next sentence says, ‘They have watched the video.’
799
2953940
4860
နေဏကá€șá€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှက 'သူတို့ ဗြဒြယိုကို ကဌည့á€șá€•á€Œá€źá€žá€•á€Œá€ź' တá€Č့။
49:18
This is a statement.
800
2958800
1760
ဒါက á€€á€Œá€±á€Šá€Źá€á€»á€€á€șပါ။
49:20
If we want to turn it into a question, again, we change the order of the first two words.
801
2960560
6290
မေသခလနá€șှတစá€șá€á€Żá€Ąá€–á€Œá€…á€ș á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှလá€Čá€œá€­á€Żá€•á€«á€€áŠ á€•á€‘á€™á€…á€€á€Źá€žá€œá€Żá€¶á€žá€”á€Ÿá€…á€șá€œá€Żá€¶á€žá ဥစဟဥစငá€șကို á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှလá€Čပါ။
49:26
‘Have they
?’
802
2966850
1860
'á€›á€Ÿá€­á€œá€Źá€ž...?'
49:28
And the past participle verb stays in the same place.
803
2968710
3820
á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€á€Č့သေဏ participle verb သညá€ș တစá€șနေရဏတညá€șသတလငá€ș ရဟိနေသညá€ș။
49:32
‘Have they watched the video?’
804
2972530
2670
'á€—á€źá€’á€źá€šá€­á€Żá€€á€Œá€Šá€·á€șဖူှလာှ။'
49:35
‘Have they watched the video?’
805
2975200
3320
'á€—á€źá€’á€źá€šá€­á€Żá€€á€Œá€Šá€·á€șဖူှလာှ။'
49:38
You can answer this question by saying, ‘Yes, they have.’
806
2978520
3900
'ဟုတá€șတယá€ș၊ á€žá€°á€á€­á€Żá€·á€™á€Ÿá€Źá€›á€Ÿá€­á€á€šá€ș' á€œá€­á€Żá€·á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€á€Œá€„á€șသဖဌင့á€ș á€’á€źá€™á€±á€žá€á€œá€”á€șှကို သငá€șá€–á€Œá€±á€”á€­á€Żá€„á€șပါတယá€ș။
49:42
or ‘No, they haven't.’
807
2982420
2020
á€’á€«á€™á€Ÿá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș 'မဟုတá€șဘူှ၊ သူတို့ မရဟိဘူသ'
49:44
Good job, guys.
808
2984440
1710
အလုပá€șကေဏငá€șှတယá€ș၊
49:46
Let's move on.
809
2986150
1000
ဆကá€șá€€á€Œá€›á€Ąá€±á€Źá€„á€ș။
49:47
Now, I'll briefly introduce how to ask WH questions in the present perfect tense.
810
2987150
6300
အခု ပစá€čစုပá€čပနá€ș á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€•á€Œá€Šá€·á€șစုံတá€Č့ á€€á€Źá€œá€™á€Ÿá€Ź WH မေသခလနá€șá€žá€á€œá€±á€€á€­á€Ż ဘယá€șá€œá€­á€Żá€™á€±á€žá€›á€™á€œá€Čဆိုတာ ဥတိုချုံသ မိတá€șဆကá€șပေသပါမယá€ș။
49:53
Take a look at the board.
811
2993450
1630
ဘုတá€șá€€á€­á€Żá€€á€Œá€Šá€·á€șပါ။
49:55
I have ‘where’, ‘what’, ‘who’, and ‘how’.
812
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4430
á€„á€«á€·á€™á€Ÿá€Ź 'ဘယá€ș'၊ 'ဘာ'၊ 'ဘယá€șသူ' နá€Č့ 'ဘယá€șလို' ရဟိတယá€ș။
49:59
These go at the beginning of the question.
813
2999510
3290
ဒါတလေက မေသခလနá€șှရá€Čá€·á€Ąá€…á€™á€Ÿá€Źá‹
50:02
Let's take a look at the first example.
814
3002800
1870
ပထမဆုံသ ငပမဏကို ကဌည့á€șရဥေဏငá€ș။
50:04
‘Where has Tim been?’
815
3004670
2870
'တိမá€ș ဘယá€șရေဏကá€șá€”á€±á€á€Źá€œá€Č။'
50:07
You'll notice we followed the WH word with ‘has’ or ‘have’.
816
3007540
5520
'has' á€žá€­á€Żá€·á€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș 'have' ဖဌင့á€ș WH á€Ÿá€°á€žá€±á€Ź á€…á€€á€Źá€žá€œá€Żá€¶á€žá€€á€­á€Ż လိုကá€șနာသညá€șကို သငá€șá€žá€á€­á€•á€Œá€Żá€™á€­á€•á€«á€œá€­á€™á€·á€șမညá€ș။
50:13
In this case, I used ‘has’ because the subject is ‘Tim’, and Tim is a ‘he’.
817
3013060
6290
á€’á€źá€”á€±á€›á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Ź ဘာသာရပá€șက 'Tim' ဆိုတေဏ့ Tim က 'he' á€œá€­á€Żá€· သုံသတယá€ș။
50:19
And then we followed that with the past participle of the verb.
818
3019350
4190
ထို့နေဏကá€șá€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źáá€Ąá€á€­á€á€șပါဝငá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€–á€Œá€„á€·á€ș၎ငá€șá€žá€€á€­á€Żá€€á€»á€œá€”á€șုပá€șá€á€­á€Żá€·á€œá€­á€Żá€€á€șနာခá€Č့သညá€ș။
50:23
‘Where has Tim been?’
819
3023540
2480
'တိမá€ș ဘယá€șရေဏကá€șá€”á€±á€á€Źá€œá€Č။'
50:26
And I can answer by saying, ‘Tim has been home.’
820
3026020
3690
'တိမá€ș အိမá€șပဌနá€șရေဏကá€șá€•á€Œá€ź' á€œá€­á€Żá€· ပဌနá€șá€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€”á€­á€Żá€„á€șပါတယá€ș။
50:29
or ‘Tim has been on vacation.’
821
3029710
2890
á€žá€­á€Żá€·á€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș 'Tim အာှလပá€șရကá€șá€›á€Ÿá€­á€•á€Œá€ź'
50:32
Something like that.
822
3032600
1300
တစá€șခုခုပေါ့။
50:33
The next question says, what countries have you visited?
823
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3730
နေဏကá€șမေသခလနá€șှတစá€șခုကတေဏ့ ဘယá€șနိုငá€șá€„á€¶á€á€œá€±á€€á€­á€Ż ရေဏကá€șဖူှလá€Č။
50:37
I can answer by saying, ‘I have visited China.’
824
3037630
4360
'ငါ တရုတá€șပဌညá€șကို လာလညá€șတယá€ș' á€œá€­á€Żá€· á€–á€Œá€±á€”á€­á€Żá€„á€șပါတယá€ș။
50:41
or ‘I have visited Mexico.’
825
3041990
2630
á€’á€«á€™á€Ÿá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș 'ကျလနá€șတေဏá€ș မကá€čကဆြကိုကို ရေဏကá€șခá€Č့တယá€ș'
50:44
You can also use the contraction ‘I’ve’.
826
3044620
2540
á€€á€»á€Żá€¶á€·á€á€Œá€„á€șှ 'I've' ကိုလညá€șှ သုံသနိုငá€șသညá€ș။
50:47
‘I've visited China.’
827
3047160
2780
'ကျလနá€șတေဏá€ș တရုတá€șပဌညá€șကို ရေဏကá€șဖူှတယá€ș။'
50:49
The next question says, ‘Who has she talked to?’
828
3049940
3850
နေဏကá€șမေသခလနá€șှတစá€șခုက 'သူမက ဘယá€șသူနá€Č့ á€…á€€á€Źá€žá€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€œá€­á€Żá€€á€șတာလá€Č' တá€Č့။
50:53
You can answer by saying, ‘She has talked to her mom.’ or ‘She has talked to her
829
3053790
5660
'သူမဥမေနá€Č့ á€…á€€á€Źá€žá€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€•á€Œá€źá€žá€•á€Œá€ź' á€œá€­á€Żá€·á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€á€Œá€„á€șသဖဌင့á€ș သငá€șá€–á€Œá€±á€”á€­á€Żá€„á€șပါတယá€ș။ á€žá€­á€Żá€·á€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș 'သူမ၏
50:59
teacher.’
830
3059450
1000
á€†á€›á€Źá€”á€Ÿá€„á€·á€ș á€…á€€á€Źá€žá€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€•á€Œá€źá€žá€•á€Œá€ź'
51:00
The next question says, ‘How long have you been married?’
831
3060450
4640
နေဏကá€șမေသခလနá€șှက 'မငá€șှလကá€șထပá€șတာ ဘယá€șá€œá€±á€Źá€€á€șá€€á€Œá€Źá€•á€Œá€źá€œá€Č' တá€Č့။
51:05
‘I've been married for 3 years.’
832
3065090
3430
အိမá€șထေဏငá€șသကá€ș ၃ နဟစá€șá€›á€Ÿá€­á€•á€Œá€źáŠ
51:08
That's one answer that you can give.
833
3068520
2620
အá€Čဒါ မငá€șသပေသနိုငá€șတá€Č့ á€Ąá€–á€Œá€±á€á€…á€șခုပá€Č။
51:11
Great job, everybody.
834
3071140
1350
ကေဏငá€șှတá€Čá€·á€Ąá€œá€Żá€•á€ș၊ လူတိုငá€șှ။
51:12
Let's move on.
835
3072490
1430
ဆကá€șá€€á€Œá€›á€Ąá€±á€Źá€„á€ș။
51:13
For this checkup, we'll take a look at the present perfect tense.
836
3073920
3910
ကစစá€șá€†á€±á€žá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș၊ ကျလနá€șုပá€șတို့သညá€ș ပစá€čစုပá€čပနá€ș á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€•á€Œá€Šá€·á€șစုံသေဏ ကာလကို ကဌည့á€șပါမညá€ș။
51:17
Which describes an action that happened at
837
3077830
2450
အတိတá€șက မသိတá€Č့ á€žá€­á€Żá€·á€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș မရေမတလကá€șနိုငá€șသေဏ ဥချိနá€ș
51:20
an unknown or indefinite time in the past.
838
3080280
3860
တစá€șá€á€Żá€á€œá€„á€ș ဖဌစá€șပျကá€șခá€Č့သည့á€ș လုပá€șဆေဏငá€șချကá€șကို ဖေဏá€șပဌသညá€ș ။
51:24
Let's look at the first sentence.
839
3084140
1630
á€•á€‘á€™á€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှကို ကဌည့á€șရဥေဏငá€ș။
51:25
‘She _blank_ read that book.’
840
3085770
3710
'သူမ _blank_ အá€Čဒြစာအုပá€șကို ဖတá€șတယá€ș။'
51:29
The subject in this sentence is ‘she’.
841
3089480
3310
ကဝါကျတလငá€ș ပါဝငá€șá€žá€±á€Źá€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șá€žá€Ąá€›á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Ź 'သူမ' ဖဌစá€șသညá€ș။
51:32
For he/she/it, in this tense we say, ‘has’.
842
3092790
5110
သူ/á€žá€°á€™á€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș၊ ဒဟခေတá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Ź ငါတို့က 'ရဟိတယá€ș' တá€Č့။
51:37
‘She has’.
843
3097900
1830
'á€žá€°á€™á€™á€Ÿá€Ź ... ရဟိသညá€ș'။
51:39
Now, take a look at the verb.
844
3099730
2480
ကá€Č၊ á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€€á€­á€Ż á€œá€±á€·á€œá€Źá€€á€Œá€Šá€·á€șပါ။
51:42
It looks like ‘read’.
845
3102210
2170
'ဖတá€ș'ပုံရသညá€ș။
51:44
But remember we need to use the past participle of the verb.
846
3104380
4000
သို့သေဏá€șá€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źáá€Ąá€á€­á€á€șပါဝငá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€€á€­á€Żá€Ąá€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€•á€Œá€Żá€›á€”á€șလိုအပá€șသညá€șကိုသတိရပါ။
51:48
So It's actually ‘read’.
847
3108380
1990
ဒဟတေဏ့ တကယá€șက 'ဖတá€ș' တယá€ș။
51:50
‘read’ and ‘read’ are spelled the same.
848
3110370
2710
'ဖတá€ș' နဟင့á€ș 'ဖတá€ș' သညá€ș á€…á€Źá€œá€Żá€¶á€žá€•á€±á€«á€„á€șှ á€Ąá€á€°á€á€°á€–á€Œá€…á€șသညá€ș။
51:53
‘She has read that book.’
849
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2870
'သူမ ဒြစာအုပá€șကို ဖတá€șá€•á€Œá€źá€žá€•á€Œá€ź'
51:55
The second sentence says, ‘They _blank_ visit China.’
850
3115950
4940
á€’á€Żá€á€­á€šá€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှက 'သူတို့ _blank_ တရုတá€șပဌညá€șကို လာလညá€șတယá€ș' တá€Č့။
52:00
‘visit’ is the verb that you want to use here.
851
3120890
3660
'visit' သညá€ș á€€á€”á€±á€›á€Źá€á€œá€„á€ș သငá€șá€Ąá€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€•á€Œá€Żá€œá€­á€Żá€žá€±á€Ź á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€–á€Œá€…á€șသညá€ș။
52:04
For ‘I’, ‘you’, ‘we’ and ‘they’, we use ‘have’.
852
3124550
4670
'ငါ'၊ 'မငá€șှ'၊ 'ငါ' နá€Č့ 'သူတို့' á€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș ငါတို့က 'ရဟိသညá€ș' ကိုသုံသတယá€ș။
52:09
Not ‘has’.
853
3129220
1480
'á€›á€Ÿá€­á€•á€Œá€źá€ž' မဟုတá€șပါ။
52:10
‘They have’
854
3130700
2080
'á€žá€°á€á€­á€Żá€·á€™á€Ÿá€Ź'
52:12
Now, what's the past participle of visit?
855
3132780
3720
အခု လညá€șပတá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€›á€Č့ အတိတá€șက á€˜á€Źá€á€œá€±á€œá€Č။
52:16
The answer is ‘visited’.
856
3136500
2180
á€Ąá€–á€Œá€±á€€ 'နတá€șပဌညá€ș'။
52:18
‘They have visited China.’
857
3138680
3270
'သူတို့က တရုတá€șပဌညá€șကို လာလညá€șတယá€ș။'
52:21
Next, ‘We _blank_ see that concert.’
858
3141950
5290
နေဏကá€șတစá€șခု၊ 'ငါတို့ _blank_ အá€Čဒဟဖျေဏá€șဖဌေပလá€Čကို ကဌည့á€șတယá€ș။'
52:27
Again, for ‘I’, ‘you’, we’ and ‘they’ – we use ‘have’.
859
3147240
5320
တစá€șဖနá€ș 'ငါ'၊ 'မငá€șှ'၊ ငါတို့' နဟင့á€ș 'သူတို့' á€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș - ငါတို့သညá€ș 'ရဟိသညá€ș' ဟု သုံသသညá€ș။
52:32
‘We have’.
860
3152560
1750
'á€€á€Œá€Ÿá€”á€»á€Żá€•á€»á€á€­á€Żá€·á€™á€Ÿá€Ź ... ရဟိသညျ'။
52:34
Now, the past participle of ‘see’ is 'seen'.
861
3154310
4830
ယခုဥခါ 'မဌငá€șခဌငá€șှ' ၏ အတိတá€șက 'မဌငá€șသညá€ș' ဖဌစá€ș၏။
52:39
‘We have seen that concert.’
862
3159140
3260
'ဒဟဖျေဏá€șဖဌေပလá€Čကို á€„á€«á€á€­á€Żá€·á€™á€Œá€„á€șဖူှတယá€ș။'
52:42
Now, let's look for the mistake in the next sentence.
863
3162400
4610
ကá€Č နေဏကá€șá€á€«á€€á€»á€™á€Ÿá€Ź á€Ąá€™á€Ÿá€Źá€žá€€á€­á€Ż á€›á€Ÿá€Źá€€á€Œá€Šá€·á€șရဥေဏငá€ș။
52:47
‘Rick have been to Cuba.’
864
3167010
3450
Rick က á€€á€»á€°á€žá€˜á€Źá€žá€€á€­á€Ż ရေဏကá€șá€”á€±á€•á€Œá€źá‹
52:50
Take a look at the subject, ‘Rick’.
865
3170460
2780
'Rick' ဆိုတá€Č့ ဘာသာရပá€șကို ကဌည့á€șပါ။
52:53
Rick is a ‘he’.
866
3173240
2370
Rick က 'သူ' ပါ။
52:55
So instead of ‘have’, we need to change this to ‘has’.
867
3175610
5060
á€’á€«á€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș ' have' အစာှ ဒါကို 'has' á€Ąá€–á€Œá€…á€ș á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှလá€Čဖို့ á€œá€­á€Żá€•á€«á€á€šá€ș။
53:00
‘Rick has been to Cuba.’
868
3180670
2670
Rick က á€€á€»á€°á€žá€˜á€Źá€žá€€á€­á€Ż ရေဏကá€șá€”á€±á€•á€Œá€źá‹
53:03
‘Sally and I hasn't finished work.’
869
3183340
6160
'ဆယá€șလြနá€Č့ ငါ အလုပá€șá€™á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€žá€±á€žá€˜á€°á€žá‹'
53:09
The subject in this sentence is ‘Sally’ and ‘I’.
870
3189500
2640
ကဝါကျတလငá€ș ပါဝငá€șá€žá€±á€Źá€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șá€žá€Ąá€›á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Ź 'ဆယá€șလြ' နဟင့á€ș 'ငါ' ဖဌစá€șသညá€ș။
53:12
The pronoun for that is ‘we’.
871
3192140
4590
အá€Čá€’á€«á€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș နာမá€șစာှက 'ငါ' တá€Č့။
53:16
‘We hasn't finished work.’
872
3196730
2980
'ငါတို့ အလုပá€șá€™á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€žá€±á€žá€˜á€°á€žá‹'
53:19
That still sounds weird, right?
873
3199710
2520
အá€Čဒါက ထူှဆနá€șသနေတုနá€șှပá€Č မဟုတá€șလာှ?
53:22
We have to change this to ‘have not’ or the contraction ‘haven't’.
874
3202230
7160
ဒါကို 'မရဟိ' á€žá€­á€Żá€·á€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș ကျုံ့ 'မရဟိ' á€œá€­á€Żá€· á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှရမယá€ș။
53:29
And finally, ‘I did go to the doctor.’
875
3209390
4560
နေဏကá€șဆုံသတေဏ့ 'ငါ ဆရာဝနá€șဆြ á€žá€œá€Źá€žá€á€Č့တယá€ș'
53:33
Now this sentence makes sense, but it's not the present perfect tense.
876
3213950
4860
ယခု ကဝါကျသညá€ș အဓိပá€čပါယá€șá€›á€Ÿá€­á€žá€±á€Źá€șလညá€șှ ၎ငá€șှသညá€ș ပစá€čစုပá€čပနá€ș á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€•á€Œá€Šá€·á€șစုံသေဏ ကာလမဟုတá€șပေ။
53:38
We have to change it.
877
3218810
1880
အá€Čဒါကို á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှရမယá€ș။
53:40
Remember, we use ‘have’ for the subject, ‘I’.
878
3220690
5040
ဘာသာရပá€șá€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș 'ရဟိသညá€ș' ကို 'ငါ' ဟု သုံသသညá€șကို သတိရပါ။
53:45
But we're not done.
879
3225730
2200
ဒါပေမယ့á€ș ကျလနá€șတေဏá€șတို့ á€™á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€žá€±á€žá€˜á€°á€žá‹
53:47
What is the past participle of ‘go’?
880
3227930
6050
'á€žá€œá€Źá€ž' ၏အတိတá€șအပိုငá€șှကာှ အဘယá€șနညá€șှ။
53:53
It is ‘gone’.
881
3233980
1190
'á€žá€œá€Źá€žá€•á€Œá€ź'။
53:55
‘I have gone to the doctor.’
882
3235170
3780
'ကျလနá€șတေဏá€ș ဆရာဝနá€șá€žá€œá€Źá€žá€–á€°á€žá€á€šá€ș။'
53:58
Great job.
883
3238950
1000
မဟာအလုပá€ș။
53:59
Let's move on to the next checkup.
884
3239950
2180
နေဏကá€șတစá€șကဌိမá€ș စစá€șá€†á€±á€žá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€žá€­á€Żá€· ဆကá€șá€žá€œá€Źá€žá€€á€Œá€•á€«á€…á€­á€Żá€·á‹
54:02
In this checkup, we'll talk about the present perfect tense
885
3242130
3490
ကစစá€șá€†á€±á€žá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€œá€„á€ș၊ ပစá€čစုပá€čပနá€șá€•á€Œá€źá€žá€•á€Œá€Šá€·á€șá€…á€Żá€¶á€žá€±á€Źá€€á€Źá€œá€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှ
54:05
and how it can be used to describe an action that started in the past and is still true
886
3245620
6010
နဟင့á€ș အတိတá€șကစတငá€șခá€Čá€·á€•á€Œá€źá€ž ယနေ့ ထိမဟနá€șနေဆá€Čဖဌစá€șသေဏ လုပá€șဆေဏငá€șချကá€șတစá€șခုကို ဖေဏá€șပဌရနá€șá€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș ၎ငá€șှကို မညá€șá€žá€­á€Żá€·á€Ąá€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€•á€Œá€Żá€›á€™á€Šá€ș
54:11
today.
887
3251630
1420
ကို ဆလေသနလေသပါမညá€ș ။
54:13
The first sentence says, ‘I _blank_ known Carly since 1994.’
888
3253050
5800
á€•á€‘á€™á€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှက 'ငါ _blank_ Carly ကို 1994 ကတညá€șှက သိခá€Č့တယá€ș' á€œá€­á€Żá€·á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€‘á€Źá€žá€á€šá€ș။
54:18
The subject is ‘I’.
889
3258850
2110
á€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှအရာက 'ငါ' တá€Č့။
54:20
And we already have the past participle of the verb, ‘know’.
890
3260960
4330
á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€á€±á€Źá€· á€„á€«á€á€­á€Żá€·á€™á€Ÿá€Ź á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€›á€Č့ဥတိတá€ș participle ရဟိတယá€ș၊ 'သိတယá€ș'။
54:25
Which is ‘known’.
891
3265290
1960
'သိ' သေဏ။
54:27
What are we missing?
892
3267250
1340
á€„á€«á€á€­á€Żá€·á€˜á€Źá€á€œá€±á€•á€»á€±á€Źá€€á€șá€”á€±á€á€Źá€œá€Č
54:28
The correct answer is ‘have’.
893
3268590
1850
á€Ąá€–á€Œá€±á€™á€Ÿá€”á€șက 'ရဟိသညá€ș'။
54:30
For ‘I’, ‘you’, ‘we’ and ‘they’, we use ‘have’ after the subject.
894
3270440
7450
'ငါ'၊ 'မငá€șှ'၊ 'ငါ' နá€Č့ 'သူတို့' á€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș ဘာသာရပá€șနေဏကá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Ź 'ရဟိသညá€ș' ကို သုံသပါတယá€ș။
54:37
The next sentence says,
895
3277890
1330
နေဏကá€șá€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှက
54:39
‘He has been here _blank_ 2 p.m.’
896
3279220
4350
'He has been here _blank_ 2pm'
54:43
Now the first part is all there.
897
3283570
2930
အခု ပထမပိုငá€șသကတေဏ့ á€Ąá€Źá€žá€œá€Żá€¶á€žá€›á€Ÿá€­á€”á€±á€•á€«á€•á€Œá€źá‹
54:46
‘He has been’.
898
3286500
1930
'သူ' á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€•á€Œá€źá‹
54:48
However, remember that for the present perfect tense,
899
3288430
3390
သို့သေဏá€ș၊ ပစá€čစုပá€čပနá€ș á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€•á€Œá€Šá€·á€șစုံသေဏ တငá€șá€žá€™á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș၊
54:51
we use ‘for’ or ‘since’ to talk about how long that action has been true.
900
3291820
6010
ကျလနá€șုပá€șတို့သညá€ș လုပá€șဆေဏငá€șချကá€șမဟနá€șကနá€șá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှကို á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€†á€­á€Żá€›á€”á€ș 'for' á€žá€­á€Żá€·á€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș ' since' ကို á€Ąá€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€•á€Œá€Żá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှ သတိရပါ။
54:57
In this case, we use ‘since’.
901
3297830
3380
ကကိစá€čစတလငá€ș၊ ကျလနá€șုပá€șတို့သညá€ș 'ကတညá€șှက' ကိုသုံသသညá€ș။
55:01
Because 2 p.m. is a specific period in time.
902
3301210
5290
á€˜á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€șလá€Č ဆိုတေဏ့ နေ့လညá€ș (၂) နာရြဆိုတာ သတá€șမဟတá€șထာှတá€Č့ ဥချိနá€șá€€á€Źá€œá€™á€­á€Żá€·á€•á€«á‹
55:06
Next it says, ‘She _blank_ liked Tom since June.’
903
3306500
4860
နေဏကá€șတစá€șခုက 'သူမ _blank_ ဇလနá€șလကတညá€șှက တလမá€șကို á€€á€Œá€­á€Żá€€á€șခá€Č့တယá€ș' တá€Č့။
55:11
The subject is ‘she’.
904
3311360
2410
á€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șသဥရဏကတေဏ့ 'သူမ' ပါ။
55:13
And we have the past participle of the verb ‘like’, which is 'liked'.
905
3313770
5630
á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Ź 'like' ၏အတိတá€ș participle ရဟိသညá€ș 'like' ဖဌစá€șသည့á€ș။
55:19
What are we missing?
906
3319400
1460
á€„á€«á€á€­á€Żá€·á€˜á€Źá€á€œá€±á€•á€»á€±á€Źá€€á€șá€”á€±á€á€Źá€œá€Č
55:20
Again, we need ‘have’ or ‘has’.
907
3320860
2820
တစá€șဖနá€ș ကျလနá€șုပá€șတို့သညá€ș 'ရဟိ' á€žá€­á€Żá€·á€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș 'ရဟိ' ရနá€ș လိုအပá€șသညá€ș။
55:23
Because the subject is ‘she’...
908
3323680
3240
ဘာသာရပá€șက 'သူမ' ဆိုတေဏ့...
55:26
Can you figure out which one you need?
909
3326920
2900
ဘယá€șဟာကို လိုအပá€șလá€Č ဆိုတာ သိနိုငá€șမလာှ။
55:29
The correct answer is ‘has’.
910
3329820
2310
á€Ąá€–á€Œá€±á€™á€Ÿá€”á€șက ' has ' ပါ။
55:32
‘She has liked Tom since June.’
911
3332130
3570
'သူမက Tom ကို ဇလနá€șလကတညá€șှက á€€á€Œá€­á€Żá€€á€șခá€Č့တဏ။'
55:35
Now, I want you to find a mistake in the next sentence.
912
3335700
4930
အခု နေဏကá€șá€á€«á€€á€»á€™á€Ÿá€Ź á€Ąá€™á€Ÿá€Źá€žá€á€…á€șခုကို á€›á€Ÿá€Źá€…á€±á€á€»á€„á€șတယá€ș။
55:40
‘I have worked here six months ago.’
913
3340630
4690
'လလနá€șခá€Č့တá€Č့ á€á€Œá€±á€Źá€€á€șá€œá€œá€±á€Źá€€á€șက á€’á€źá€™á€Ÿá€Ź အလုပá€șလုပá€șဖူှတယá€ș။'
55:45
Can you find a mistake here?
914
3345320
1790
á€€á€”á€±á€›á€Źá€á€œá€„á€ș á€Ąá€™á€Ÿá€Źá€žá€›á€Ÿá€Źá€”á€­á€Żá€„á€șá€•á€«á€žá€œá€Źá€žá‹
55:47
‘I have worked’ - that's correct.
915
3347110
3500
'á€„á€«á€Ąá€œá€Żá€•á€șလုပá€șá€•á€Œá€źá€žá€•á€Œá€ź' - မဟနá€șပါတယá€ș။
55:50
However, in the present perfect tense, we don't use ‘ago’.
916
3350610
5950
သို့သေဏá€șလညá€șှ ပစá€čစုပá€čပနá€ș á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€•á€Œá€Šá€·á€șစုံသေဏ á€€á€Źá€œá€á€œá€„á€ș၊ ကျလနá€șုပá€șတို့သညá€ș 'လလနá€ș' ကို မသုံသပါ။
55:56
This is talking about more the past.
917
3356560
2960
ဒါက အတိတá€șá€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှ á€•á€­á€Żá€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€”á€±á€á€Źá‹
55:59
We want to talk about ‘since’ or ‘for’ instead.
918
3359520
4370
အá€Čဒြအစာှ 'စကတညá€șှက' á€’á€«á€™á€Ÿá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș 'for' á€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှ á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€á€»á€„á€șပါတယá€ș။
56:03
Now ‘six months’ is not a specific time.
919
3363890
3650
ယခု 'á€á€Œá€±á€Źá€€á€șလ' သညá€ș တိကျသေဏဥချိနá€șမဟုတá€șပေ။
56:07
So we don't use ‘since’.
920
3367540
2160
á€’á€«á€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș 'ကတညá€șှက' á€™á€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€˜á€°á€žá‹
56:09
Instead, we talk about the duration.
921
3369700
3450
အá€Čဒြအစာှ၊ á€„á€«á€á€­á€Żá€·á€€á€€á€Œá€Źá€á€»á€­á€”á€șá€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șá€žá€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€™á€šá€ș။
56:13
So we need ‘for’.
922
3373150
2500
အá€Čဒဟတေဏ့ 'á€˜á€­á€Żá€·' လိုတယá€ș။
56:15
We'll say, ‘I have worked here for six months.’
923
3375650
5150
'ငါ á€’á€źá€™á€Ÿá€Ź အလုပá€șလုပá€șတာ á€á€Œá€±á€Źá€€á€șá€œá€›á€Ÿá€­á€•á€Œá€ź' á€œá€­á€Żá€·á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€œá€­á€™á€·á€șမယá€ș။
56:20
Let's take a look at the next sentence.
924
3380800
2140
နေဏကá€șá€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှကို á€œá€±á€·á€œá€Źá€€á€Œá€Šá€·á€șရဥေဏငá€ș။
56:22
‘Jen have a cold for two weeks.’
925
3382940
4400
'Jen ဥဥေသမိနေတဏ နဟစá€șပတá€șá€›á€Ÿá€­á€•á€Œá€ź'
56:27
At first glance, this doesn't seem that wrong.
926
3387340
3580
ပထမတစá€șချကá€șá€™á€Ÿá€ŹáŠ ဒါက á€™á€Ÿá€Źá€žá€á€šá€șá€œá€­á€Żá€· မထငá€șပါဘူသ။
56:30
But remember, Jen is a ‘she’.
927
3390920
3560
ဒါပေမယ့á€ș Jen က 'သူမ' ဆိုတာကို သတိရပါ။
56:34
So we need ‘has’.
928
3394480
1170
အá€Čဒဟတေဏ့ 'ရဟိ' ဖို့ လိုတယá€ș။
56:35
‘Jen has’.
929
3395650
1380
'Jen ရဟိတယá€ș'
56:37
But wait a minute, ‘Jen has have a cold’?
930
3397030
5380
ဒါပေမယ့á€ș á€á€á€…á€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș၊ 'Jen á€Ąá€Ąá€±á€žá€™á€­á€žá€œá€Źá€žá€•á€Œá€źá€œá€Źá€ž'
56:42
That's not right either.
931
3402410
1000
ဒါလညá€șှ မမဟနá€șဘူှ။
56:43
We need the past participle of ‘have’.
932
3403410
3960
'have' ၏အတိတá€șပါဝငá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€œá€­á€Żá€Ąá€•á€șသညá€ș။
56:47
What is the past participle?
933
3407370
2370
အတိတá€șကပါဝငá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€†á€­á€Żá€á€Źá€˜á€Źá€œá€Č။
56:49
The correct answer is ‘had’.
934
3409740
2120
á€Ąá€–á€Œá€±á€™á€Ÿá€”á€șက 'ရဟိခá€Č့'။
56:51
‘Jen has had a cold for two weeks.’
935
3411860
5590
'Jen ဥဥေသမိနေတဏ နဟစá€șပတá€șá€›á€Ÿá€­á€•á€Œá€ź'
56:57
And finally, ‘We haven't went home since Friday.’
936
3417450
5360
နေဏကá€șဆုံသတေဏ့ 'ငါတို့ á€žá€±á€Źá€€á€Œá€Źá€”á€±á€·á€€á€á€Šá€șှက အိမá€șပဌနá€șမလာဘူှ' တá€Č့။
57:02
This one is a little tricky.
937
3422810
1280
ဒြဟာက နညá€șှနညá€șသတေဏ့ ခကá€șတယá€ș။
57:04
The subject is ‘we’.
938
3424090
2180
á€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှအရာက 'ငါတို့' တá€Č့။
57:06
‘We have... have not’.
939
3426270
2430
'ငါတို့... မရဟိဘူသ'
57:08
That's correct.
940
3428700
1100
အá€Čဒါမဟနá€șတယá€ș။
57:09
The contraction is ‘haven't’.
941
3429800
1980
á€€á€»á€Żá€¶á€·á€á€Œá€„á€șှသညá€ș 'မရဟိ'။
57:11
‘We haven't’.
942
3431780
1330
'ငါတို့ မရဟိဘူသ'
57:13
Now the problem is, we have this verb ‘went’.
943
3433110
4230
အခု á€•á€Œá€żá€”á€Źá€€áŠ á€„á€«á€á€­á€Żá€·á€™á€Ÿá€Ź á€’á€źá€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Ź 'á€žá€œá€Źá€ž' ရဟိတယá€ș။
57:17
That's in the past simple tense.
944
3437340
2790
အá€Čဒါက အတိတá€șရá€Č့ á€›á€­á€Żá€žá€›á€Ÿá€„á€șှတá€Č့ ကိစá€čစပါ။
57:20
We need the past participle of ‘go’.
945
3440130
2350
'á€žá€œá€Źá€ž' ၏အတိတá€șပါဝငá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Ż လိုအပá€șသညá€ș။
57:22
The correct answer is ‘gone’.
946
3442480
4430
á€Ąá€–á€Œá€±á€™á€Ÿá€”á€șက 'á€žá€œá€Źá€žá€•á€Œá€ź'။
57:26
‘We haven't gone home since Friday.’
947
3446910
4450
'ငါတို့ á€žá€±á€Źá€€á€Œá€Źá€”á€±á€·á€€á€á€Šá€șှက အိမá€șမပဌနá€șသေသဘူသ'
57:31
Good job, guys.
948
3451360
2460
အလုပá€șကေဏငá€șှတယá€ș၊
57:33
Let's move on to the next checkup.
949
3453820
2010
နေဏကá€șတစá€șကဌိမá€ș စစá€șá€†á€±á€žá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€žá€­á€Żá€· ဆကá€șá€žá€œá€Źá€žá€€á€Œá€•á€«á€…á€­á€Żá€·á‹
57:35
In this checkup, we'll take a look at the present perfect tense.
950
3455830
3840
ကစစá€șá€†á€±á€žá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€œá€„á€ș၊ ကျလနá€șုပá€șတို့သညá€ș ပစá€čစုပá€čပနá€ș á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€•á€Œá€Šá€·á€șစုံသေဏ ကာလကို ကဌည့á€șပါမညá€ș။
57:39
And how it is used to describe an action that finished recently.
951
3459670
4750
á€™á€€á€Œá€Źá€žá€±á€žá€™á€źá€€ á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€†á€Żá€¶á€žá€á€Č့သေဏ လုပá€șဆေဏငá€șချကá€șတစá€șခုကို ဖေဏá€șပဌရနá€ș ၎ငá€șá€žá€€á€­á€Żá€Ąá€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€•á€Œá€Żá€•á€Żá€¶á‹
57:44
We'll be focusing on the words, ‘just’, ‘already’ and ‘recently’ to show this.
952
3464420
5580
á€’á€«á€€á€­á€Żá€•á€Œá€–á€­á€Żá€·á€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș 'ရုံ'၊ 'á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€•á€Œá€ź' နá€Č့ 'á€™á€€á€Œá€Źá€žá€±á€žá€™á€źá€€' ဆိုတá€Č့ á€…á€€á€Źá€žá€œá€Żá€¶á€žá€á€œá€±á€€á€­á€Ż ဥဏရုံစိုကá€șပါမယá€ș။
57:50
Let's take a look at the first sentence.
953
3470000
1860
á€•á€‘á€™á€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှကို á€œá€±á€·á€œá€Źá€€á€Œá€Šá€·á€șရဥေဏငá€ș။
57:51
‘She has just _blank_ that book.’
954
3471860
3700
'á€žá€°á€·á€™á€Ÿá€Ź ဒြစာအုပá€ș _blank_ ပá€Čရဟိတယá€ș။'
57:55
And we're using the verb, ‘read’.
955
3475560
2410
á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€á€±á€Źá€· ငါတို့က á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Ź 'ဖတá€ș' ကို သုံသနေတယá€ș။
57:57
Remember, we take the subject, ‘she’.
956
3477970
2570
'သူမ' á€Ÿá€°á€žá€±á€Ź ဘာသာရပá€șကို ယူမဟတá€șပါ။
58:00
And for ‘he’, ‘she’ and ‘it’, we say ‘has’.
957
3480540
4310
á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€á€±á€Źá€· 'သူ'၊ 'သူမ' နá€Č့ 'အá€Č' á€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș 'ရဟိတယá€ș' á€œá€­á€Żá€· á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€€á€Œá€á€šá€ș။
58:04
So that's correct.
958
3484850
1760
ဒါမဟနá€șတယá€ș။
58:06
Now we need the past participle of ‘read’.
959
3486610
3850
á€šá€á€Żá€€á€»á€œá€”á€șုပá€șတို့သညá€ș 'ဖတá€șခဌငá€șှ' ၏အတိတá€șပါဝငá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€€á€­á€Żá€œá€­á€Żá€Ąá€•á€șသညá€ș။
58:10
And that is ‘read’.
960
3490460
2310
á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€á€±á€Źá€· အá€Čဒါ 'ဖတá€ș' တယá€ș။
58:12
‘She has just read that book.’
961
3492770
4190
'သူမ ဒြစာအုပá€șကို á€Ąá€á€Żá€™á€Ÿá€–á€á€șá€•á€Œá€źá€žá€•á€Œá€ź'
58:16
You'll notice I use the word, ‘just’ right before the past participle.
962
3496960
6590
အရငá€șတုနá€șှက ပါဝငá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€™á€á€­á€Żá€„á€șခငá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Ź 'ရုံ' ဆိုတá€Č့ á€…á€€á€Źá€žá€œá€Żá€¶á€žá€€á€­á€Ż သုံသနေတဏ á€žá€á€­á€‘á€Źá€žá€™á€­á€™á€Ÿá€Źá€•á€«á‹
58:23
Next it says, ‘They have already’ and the verb is ‘wake up’.
963
3503550
6090
နေဏကá€șတစá€șခုက 'They have already' á€œá€­á€Żá€· á€†á€­á€Żá€‘á€Źá€žá€•á€Œá€źá€ž á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€€ 'á€”á€­á€Żá€žá€•á€Œá€ź' တá€Č့။
58:29
If the subject is ‘he’, ‘she’, or ‘it’, we use ‘has’.
964
3509640
4460
á€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှအရာသညá€ș 'သူ'၊ 'သူမ' á€žá€­á€Żá€·á€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș 'it' ဖဌစá€șပါက၊ ကျလနá€șုပá€șတို့သညá€ș 'ရဟိ' ကိုသုံသသညá€ș။
58:34
But if the subject is ‘I’, ‘you’, ‘we’ or ‘they’, we use ‘have’.
965
3514100
5700
ဒါပေမá€Č့ á€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှအရာက 'ငါ'၊ 'မငá€șှ'၊ 'ငါ' á€’á€«á€™á€Ÿá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș 'သူတို့' ဆိုရငá€ș ငါတို့က 'ရဟိသညá€ș' ကိုသုံသတယá€ș။
58:39
So that's correct.
966
3519800
1940
ဒါမဟနá€șတယá€ș။
58:41
‘They have’.
967
3521740
1290
'á€žá€°á€á€­á€Żá€·á€™á€Ÿá€Ź ... ရဟိသညá€ș'။
58:43
Also we have the word ‘already’ here to show that it happened recently
968
3523030
4790
á€™á€€á€Œá€Źá€žá€±á€žá€™á€źá€€ ဖဌစá€șခá€Č့သညá€ș
58:47
or that it finished recently.
969
3527820
2630
á€žá€­á€Żá€·á€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș á€™á€€á€Œá€Źá€žá€±á€žá€™á€źá€€ á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€†á€Żá€¶á€žá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှ ပဌသရနá€ș á€€á€”á€±á€›á€Źá€á€œá€„á€ș 'á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€•á€Œá€ź' á€Ÿá€°á€žá€±á€Ź á€…á€€á€Źá€žá€œá€Żá€¶á€žá€œá€Šá€șသရဟိသညá€ș။
58:50
Now the verb is ‘wake up’.
970
3530450
2390
á€šá€á€Żá€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€žá€Šá€ș 'နိုှ' သညá€ș။
58:52
We need the past participle of ‘wake up’,
971
3532840
3610
'á€”á€­á€Żá€žá€€á€Œá€Źá€žá€á€Œá€„á€șှ' ၏အတိတá€șပါဝငá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Ż လိုအပá€șá€•á€Œá€źá€ž
58:56
and that is ‘woken up’.
972
3536450
5350
၎ငá€șá€žá€™á€Ÿá€Ź 'á€”á€­á€Żá€žá€‘á€á€Œá€„á€șှ' ဖဌစá€șသညá€ș။
59:01
So the answer is,
973
3541800
1800
ဒဟတေဏ့ á€Ąá€–á€Œá€±á€€
59:03
‘They have already woken up.’
974
3543600
3590
'á€žá€°á€á€­á€Żá€·á€”á€­á€Żá€žá€”á€±á€•á€Œá€ź' တá€Č့။
59:07
The next sentence says,
975
3547190
1200
နေဏကá€șá€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှက
59:08
‘We have recently _blank_ work.’
976
3548390
3860
'ကျလနá€șုပá€șတို့ á€™á€€á€Œá€Źá€žá€±á€žá€™á€źá€€ _blank_ အလုပá€șရဟိသညá€ș' ဟုဆိုသညá€ș။
59:12
And the verb is ‘finish’.
977
3552250
1820
á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€á€±á€Źá€· á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€€ 'á€•á€Œá€źá€ž'။
59:14
‘We have’, that's correct.
978
3554070
2550
'á€„á€«á€á€­á€Żá€·á€›á€Ÿá€­á€á€šá€ș' ဒါမဟနá€șတယá€ș။
59:16
And we have the word 'recently' to show when the action finished.
979
3556620
4080
á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€á€±á€Źá€· လုပá€șဆေဏငá€șချကá€șá€•á€Œá€źá€žá€žá€œá€Źá€žá€á€Č့ဥခါ á€•á€Œá€–á€­á€Żá€· 'á€™á€€á€Œá€Źá€žá€±á€žá€™á€źá€€' á€…á€€á€Źá€žá€œá€Żá€¶á€žá€œá€Šá€șှ ရဟိတယá€ș။
59:20
And now we need to find the past participle of the verb ‘finish’.
980
3560700
5180
á€šá€á€Żá€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Ź 'finish' ၏ အတိတá€șပါ၀ငá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€€á€­á€Ż á€›á€Ÿá€Źá€–á€œá€±á€›á€”á€ș လိုအပá€șပါသညá€ș။
59:25
The correct answer is.
981
3565880
1280
á€Ąá€–á€Œá€±á€™á€Ÿá€”á€șက။
59:27
‘We have recently finished, -ed, work.’
982
3567160
5050
'ကျလနá€șုပá€șတို့ á€™á€€á€Œá€Źá€žá€±á€žá€™á€źá€€ á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€á€Č့သညá€ș၊ -ed၊ အလုပá€șဖဌစá€șသညá€ș။'
59:32
Now try to find the mistake in the next sentence.
983
3572210
6260
အခု နေဏကá€șá€á€«á€€á€»á€™á€Ÿá€Ź á€Ąá€™á€Ÿá€Źá€žá€€á€­á€Ż á€›á€Ÿá€Źá€€á€Œá€Šá€·á€șပါ။
59:38
‘Morty has eaten just.’
984
3578470
4130
' Morty á€…á€Źá€žá€•á€Œá€źá€žá€•á€Œá€źá‹'
59:42
This sounds a little strange, right?
985
3582600
2750
ဒါက နညá€șှနညá€șသတေဏ့ ထူှဆနá€șှတယá€șဟုတá€șလာှ။
59:45
That's because ‘just’ needs to come before the verb.
986
3585350
4810
အဘယá€șá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€șဆိုသေဏá€ș á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€›á€Ÿá€±á€·á€á€œá€„á€ș 'ရုံ' သညá€ș လိုအပá€șá€žá€±á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș ဖဌစá€șသညá€ș။
59:50
Therefore, the answer is ‘Morty has just eaten.’
987
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á€‘á€­á€Żá€·á€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș á€Ąá€–á€Œá€±á€™á€Ÿá€Ź 'Morty á€…á€Źá€žá€•á€Œá€źá€žá€•á€Œá€ź' တá€Č့။
59:54
The next sentence says, ‘Karen has recently be sick.’
988
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နေဏကá€șá€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှက 'ကရငá€șဟာ á€™á€€á€Œá€Źá€žá€±á€žá€á€„á€șက နေမကေဏငá€șသဖဌစá€șနေတယá€ș' တá€Č့။
60:00
Karen is a ‘she’.
989
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3190
ကရငá€șက 'ဟá€Č့' တá€Č့။
60:03
So ‘has’ is correct.
990
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á€’á€«á€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș 'ရဟိ' တာ မဟနá€șတယá€ș။
60:06
And there we have ‘recently’.
991
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အá€Čá€’á€źá€·á€™á€Ÿá€Ź á€™á€€á€Œá€Źá€žá€±á€žá€á€„á€șက ရဟိတယá€ș။
60:08
Now we need the past participle of the verb.
992
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á€šá€á€Żá€€á€»á€œá€”á€șုပá€șတို့သညá€șá€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źáá€Ąá€á€­á€á€șပါဝငá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€€á€­á€Żá€œá€­á€Żá€Ąá€•á€șသညá€ș။
60:12
‘be’ is our verb and the past participle of ‘be’ is ‘been’.
993
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'be' သညá€ș ကျလနá€șုပá€șá€á€­á€Żá€·áá€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€–á€Œá€…á€șá€•á€Œá€źá€ž 'be' ၏အတိတá€șပါဝငá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€žá€Šá€ș 'been' ဖဌစá€șသညá€ș။
60:19
‘Karen has recently been sick.’
994
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'ကရငá€șက á€™á€€á€Œá€Źá€žá€±á€žá€á€„á€șကမဟ နေမကေဏငá€șှတာ။'
60:21
And finally, ‘I have gone already to the dentist.’
995
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နေဏကá€șဆုံသတေဏ့ 'ငါ á€žá€œá€Źá€žá€†á€›á€Źá€á€”á€șဆြ á€žá€œá€Źá€žá€”á€±á€•á€Œá€źá‹'
60:27
This is similar to another question we looked at just before.
996
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၎ငá€șှသညá€ș ယခငá€șက ကျလနá€șုပá€șá€á€­á€Żá€·á€€á€Œá€Šá€·á€șခá€Č့သည့á€ș နေဏကá€șထပá€șမေသခလနá€șှတစá€șá€á€Żá€”á€Ÿá€„á€·á€ș ဆငá€șတူသညá€ș။
60:31
‘I have gone already to the dentist.’
997
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'á€žá€œá€Źá€žá€†á€›á€Źá€á€”á€șဆြ á€žá€œá€Źá€žá€–á€°á€žá€á€šá€ș'
60:35
The placement of ‘already’ is a little awkward.
998
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'á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€•á€Œá€ź' á€”á€±á€›á€Źá€á€»á€‘á€Źá€žá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€™á€Ÿá€Ź အနညá€șှငယá€ș အဆငá€șမပဌေပါ။
60:40
So we can say, ‘I have already gone.’
999
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á€’á€«á€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș 'á€„á€«á€žá€œá€Źá€žá€•á€Œá€ź' á€œá€­á€Żá€· á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€”á€­á€Żá€„á€șပါတယá€ș။
60:44
So we can put ‘already’ before the verb,
1000
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á€’á€«á€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€›á€Ÿá€±á€·á€™á€Ÿá€Ź 'á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€•á€Œá€ź' á€œá€­á€Żá€·
60:47
‘I have already gone to the dentist’
1001
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'á€žá€œá€Źá€žá€†á€›á€Źá€á€”á€șဆြ á€žá€œá€Źá€žá€”á€±á€•á€Œá€ź' á€’á€«á€™á€Ÿá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș
60:50
Or we can put this at the end,
1002
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'á€žá€œá€Źá€žá€†á€›á€Źá€á€”á€șဆြ á€žá€œá€Źá€žá€”á€±á€•á€Œá€ź' á€œá€­á€Żá€·
60:53
‘I have gone to the dentist already.’
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á€Ąá€†á€Żá€¶á€žá€™á€Ÿá€Ź ထာှနိုငá€șပါတယá€ș
60:56
Both of those are correct.
1004
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။ နဟစá€șá€á€Żá€…á€œá€Żá€¶á€žá€™á€Ÿá€”á€șတယá€ș။
60:59
Now, good job.
1005
3659230
2090
ကá€Č အလုပá€șကေဏငá€șှ။
61:01
That is the end of the checkup.
1006
3661320
1720
အá€Čဒါ စစá€șá€†á€±á€žá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€›á€Č့ ဥဆုံသပါ။
61:03
Let's move on.
1007
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1000
ဆကá€șá€€á€Œá€›á€Ąá€±á€Źá€„á€ș။
61:04
Excellent job, everyone.
1008
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2070
မဌတá€șá€žá€±á€Źá€Ąá€œá€Żá€•á€ș၊ လူတိုငá€șှ။
61:06
You just learned about the present perfect tense.
1009
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ပစá€čစုပá€čပနá€ș á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€•á€Œá€Šá€·á€șစုံသေဏ ကာလကို သငá€ș သငá€șယူခá€Č့သညá€ș။
61:08
There was a lot to learn, but you did a wonderful job.
1010
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သငá€șá€šá€°á€…á€›á€Źá€á€œá€± á€Ąá€™á€»á€Źá€žá€€á€Œá€źá€žá€›á€Ÿá€­á€•á€±á€™á€šá€·á€ș မငá€șှက အရမá€șသကေဏငá€șှတá€Čá€·á€Ąá€œá€Żá€•á€șကို လုပá€șခá€Č့တယá€ș။
61:12
Keep studying English.
1011
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အငá€șá€čဂလိပá€șစာကို ဆကá€șá€œá€±á€·á€œá€Źá€•á€«á‹
61:14
I know that It's hard, but you will get better with time, effort and practice.
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ခကá€șခá€Čတယá€șဆိုတာ သိပါတယá€ș၊ ဒါပေမယ့á€ș ဥချိနá€ș၊ á€€á€Œá€­á€Żá€žá€…á€Źá€žá€Ąá€Źá€žá€‘á€Żá€á€șá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€”á€Č့ လေ့ကျင့á€șá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€œá€±á€€ ပိုကေဏငá€șá€žá€œá€Źá€œá€­á€™á€·á€șမယá€ș။
61:19
I'll see you in the next video.
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နေဏကá€ș video á€™á€Ÿá€Źá€á€œá€±á€·á€™á€šá€șနေဏá€ș။
61:23
Hi, everyone.
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မငá€șá€čá€‚á€œá€Źá€•á€« လူတိုငá€șှ။
61:30
Welcome to the video.
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á€—á€źá€’á€źá€šá€­á€Żá€™á€Ÿá€€á€Œá€­á€Żá€†á€­á€Żá€•á€«á€á€šá€ș။
61:31
In this video, I’ll introduce the Present Perfect Continuous English Tense.
1016
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ဒြ Video á€™á€Ÿá€Ź Present Perfect Continuous English Tense ကို မိတá€șဆကá€șပေသပါမယá€ș။ ကတငá€șá€žá€™á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€€á€­á€Ż
61:37
This tense can be used to talk about an action
1017
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အတိတá€șမဟစတငá€șá€•á€Œá€źá€ž ပစá€čစုပá€čပနá€șတလငá€șဆကá€șလကá€șလုပá€șဆေဏငá€șခá€Č့သေဏ
61:40
that started in the past and continues in the present.
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လုပá€șဆေဏငá€șချကá€șတစá€șá€á€Żá€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှ á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€†á€­á€Żá€›á€”á€ș ကတငá€șá€žá€™á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€€á€­á€Ż သုံသနိုငá€șသညá€ș
61:44
It can also be used to talk about an action that hasn't happened recently.
1019
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။ á€™á€€á€Œá€Źá€žá€±á€žá€™á€źá€€ ဖဌစá€șá€™á€œá€Źá€žá€±á€žá€žá€±á€Ź လုပá€șဆေဏငá€șချကá€șတစá€șá€á€Żá€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှ á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€›á€”á€șလညá€șှ သုံသနိုငá€șသညá€ș။
61:50
And finally, it can also be used to talk about an action that recently stopped.
1020
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နေဏကá€șဆုံသဥနေနá€Č့၊ á€™á€€á€Œá€Źá€žá€±á€žá€™á€źá€€ ရပá€șá€žá€œá€Źá€žá€á€Č့ လုပá€șဆေဏငá€șချကá€șတစá€șá€á€Żá€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှ á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€–á€­á€Żá€·á€œá€Šá€șှ သုံသနိုငá€șပါတယá€ș။
61:55
There's a lot to learn, so keep watching.
1021
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သငá€șá€šá€°á€…á€›á€Źá€á€œá€± á€Ąá€™á€»á€Źá€žá€€á€Œá€źá€žá€›á€Ÿá€­á€á€Źá€™á€­á€Żá€· ဆကá€șလကá€șကဌည့á€șá€›á€Ÿá€Żá€•á€«á‹
62:01
You can use the present perfect continuous tense
1022
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အတိတá€șမဟစတငá€șá€•á€Œá€źá€ž ပစá€čစုပá€čပနá€șတလငá€șဆကá€șလကá€șလုပá€șဆေဏငá€șခá€Č့သေဏ လုပá€șဆေဏငá€șချကá€șတစá€șá€á€Żá€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șá€žá€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€›á€”á€ș
62:04
to talk about an action that started in the past and continues in the present.
1023
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ပစá€čစုပá€čပနá€șá€•á€Œá€źá€žá€•á€Œá€Šá€·á€șစုံသေဏစဉá€șဆကá€șမပဌတá€șတငá€șá€žá€™á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€€á€­á€Ż သငá€șá€Ąá€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€•á€Œá€Żá€”á€­á€Żá€„á€șသညá€ș ။
62:10
We want to emphasize duration
1024
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2220
ကျလနá€șုပá€șတို့သညá€ș á€€á€Œá€Źá€á€»á€­á€”á€șကို á€Ąá€œá€±á€žá€•á€±á€žá€œá€­á€Ż
62:12
and you can do that by using ‘for’ or ‘since’ in your sentence.
1025
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á€•á€Œá€źá€ž သင့á€șဝါကျတလငá€ș 'for' á€žá€­á€Żá€·á€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș ' since' á€€á€­á€Żá€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€á€Œá€„á€șသဖဌင့á€ș ၎ငá€șှကို á€•á€Œá€Żá€œá€Żá€•á€șနိုငá€șသညá€ș။
62:17
Let's take a look at some examples.
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ငပမဏဥချို့ကို á€œá€±á€·á€œá€Źá€€á€Œá€Šá€·á€șရဥေဏငá€ș။
62:19
‘Charles has been studying English for an hour.’
1027
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'Charles က အငá€șá€čဂလိပá€șá€…á€Źá€œá€±á€·á€œá€Źá€”á€±á€á€Ź တစá€șá€”á€Źá€›á€źá€œá€±á€Źá€€á€șá€›á€Ÿá€­á€•á€Œá€ź'
62:24
Take a look at the subject, ‘Charles’.
1028
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'Charles' ဘာသာရပá€șကို á€œá€±á€·á€œá€Źá€€á€Œá€Šá€·á€șပါ။
62:27
The subject pronoun for Charles is ‘he’.
1029
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Charles ၏ နာမá€șá€…á€Źá€žá€™á€Ÿá€Ź 'သူ' ဖဌစá€șသညá€ș။
62:30
And that's why we say ‘has’.
1030
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အá€Čá€’á€«á€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș ငါတို့က 'ရဟိ' á€œá€­á€Żá€· á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€á€Źá‹
62:32
After that, we add ‘been’ and then verb ‘-ing’.
1031
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ထို့နေဏကá€ș 'been' နဟင့á€ș á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Ź '-ing' ပေါငá€șသထည့á€șသညá€ș။
62:37
In this case, ‘studying.’
1032
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á€’á€źá€”á€±á€›á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Ź 'စဏကျကá€ș'။
62:40
You'll also notice that at the end of the sentence we have for an hour.
1033
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á€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șá€žá€Ąá€†á€Żá€¶á€žá€á€œá€„á€ș ကျလနá€șုပá€șတို့သညá€ș တစá€șá€”á€Źá€›á€źá€€á€Œá€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှကိုလညá€șှ á€žá€á€­á€•á€Œá€Żá€™á€­á€•á€«á€œá€­á€™á€·á€șမညá€ș။
62:45
That shows how long this action has been happening.
1034
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ဒြလုပá€șရပá€șဟာ ဘယá€șá€œá€±á€Źá€€á€șá€€á€Œá€Źá€€á€Œá€Ź ဖဌစá€șပျကá€șနေလá€Čဆိုတာကို ပဌသပါတယá€ș။
62:49
When you use ‘for’, you emphasize the duration. ‘for an hour’.
1035
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သငá€ș 'for' ကိုသုံသသေဏဥခါ၊ သငá€șသညá€ș á€€á€Œá€Źá€á€»á€­á€”á€șကို á€Ąá€œá€±á€žá€•á€±á€žá€žá€Šá€ș။ 'တစá€șနာရြ'
62:54
‘Charles has been studying English for an hour.’
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'Charles က အငá€șá€čဂလိပá€șá€…á€Źá€œá€±á€·á€œá€Źá€”á€±á€á€Ź တစá€șá€”á€Źá€›á€źá€œá€±á€Źá€€á€șá€›á€Ÿá€­á€•á€Œá€ź'
62:59
Let's take a look at the next sentence.
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နေဏကá€șá€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှကို á€œá€±á€·á€œá€Źá€€á€Œá€Šá€·á€șရဥေဏငá€ș။
63:01
‘Lily has been playing the piano for 2 years.’
1038
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Lily က စနá€čဒယာှတြှတာ ၂ နဟစá€șá€›á€Ÿá€­á€•á€«á€•á€Œá€źá‹
63:06
In this case, Lily is a ‘she’ and that's why, again, we say ‘has’.
1039
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ဒြကိစá€čá€…á€™á€Ÿá€Ź လြလြက 'သူမ' ဆိုတေဏ့ 'ရဟိတယá€ș' á€œá€­á€Żá€· á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€•á€Œá€”á€șတယá€ș။
63:12
You'll notice again, we have ‘been’ and then verb ‘-ing’.
1040
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ငါတို့ 'ဖဌစá€ș' á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Ź '-ing' ကို ထပá€șá€•á€Œá€źá€ž á€žá€á€­á€•á€Œá€Żá€™á€­á€œá€­á€™á€·á€șမယá€ș။
63:16
In this case, ‘playing’.
1041
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á€’á€źá€”á€±á€›á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Ź 'á€€á€…á€Źá€žá€á€Œá€„á€șှ'။
63:18
At the end of this sentence, we also used ‘for’.
1042
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á€’á€źá€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှရá€Čá€·á€Ąá€†á€Żá€¶á€žá€™á€Ÿá€Źá€á€±á€Źá€· 'for' á€œá€­á€Żá€·á€œá€Šá€șှ သုံသပါတယá€ș။
63:22
and then ‘two years’.
1043
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á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€á€±á€Źá€· 'နဟစá€șနဟစá€ș'။
63:24
So again, we're showing how long this has been happening.
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ဒဟတေဏ့ ဒြဟာက ဘယá€șá€œá€±á€Źá€€á€șá€€á€Œá€Źá€€á€Œá€Ź ဖဌစá€șပျကá€șနေလá€Čဆိုတာကို ထပá€șá€•á€Œá€źá€ž ပဌသနေပါတယá€ș။
63:29
The next sentence is a little different.
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နေဏကá€șá€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șသကတေဏ့ နညá€șှနညá€șသကလá€Čတယá€ș။
63:32
‘It has been growing since June.’
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'ဇလနá€șလကတညá€șှက á€€á€Œá€źá€žá€‘á€œá€Źá€žá€œá€Źá€á€šá€ș။'
63:35
So it can be something like a plant.
1047
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á€‘á€­á€Żá€·á€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș အပငá€șကá€Č့သို့ တစá€șá€á€Żá€á€Żá€–á€Œá€…á€șနိုငá€șသညá€ș။
63:38
The plant or it has been growing since June.
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အပငá€ș á€žá€­á€Żá€·á€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș ဇလနá€șလကတညá€șှက á€€á€Œá€źá€žá€‘á€œá€Źá€žá€œá€Źá€á€Č့သညá€ș။
63:43
Here we use ‘since’, not ‘for’.
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á€€á€”á€±á€›á€Źá€á€œá€„á€ș ကျလနá€șုပá€șတို့သညá€ș 'စကတညá€șှက' မဟုတá€șဘá€Č 'á€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș' ဟု သုံသသညá€ș။
63:47
What's the difference?
1050
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á€˜á€Źá€€á€œá€Źá€á€Œá€Źá€žá€œá€Č။
63:48
We use a specific point in time with since.
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ကျလနá€șုပá€șတို့သညá€ș ဥချိနá€șနဟင့á€șá€á€•á€Œá€±á€žá€Šá€ź သတá€șမဟတá€șထဏသသေဏ á€Ąá€™á€Ÿá€á€șကို á€Ąá€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€•á€Œá€Żá€•á€«á€žá€Šá€ș။
63:52
We don't say ‘Since two hours’.
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'နဟစá€șနာရြကတညá€șှက' á€œá€­á€Żá€· á€™á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€˜á€°á€žá‹
63:54
No, we say ‘When the action started since June.’
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မဟုတá€șဘူှ၊ 'ဇလနá€șလကတညá€șှက စတငá€șလုပá€șဆေဏငá€șချိနá€ș' ဟု ကျလနá€șုပá€șá€á€­á€Żá€·á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€•á€«á€žá€Šá€ș။
63:59
And finally, ‘Dan and I have been working since 6 a.m.’
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နေဏကá€șဆုံသတေဏ့ 'Dan နá€Č့ ငါက မနကá€ș 6 နာရြကတညá€șှက အလုပá€șလုပá€șနေတဏ'
64:05
The subject pronoun for ‘Dan and I’ is ‘We’.
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'Dan and I' á€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș subject pronoun က 'We' ဖဌစá€șပါတယá€ș။
64:09
Therefore we use ‘have’.
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á€’á€«á€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș ' have' ကို သုံသပါတယá€ș။
64:11
At the end of the sentence, we have ‘since 6 a.m.’
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á€á€«á€€á€»á€Ąá€†á€Żá€¶á€žá€™á€Ÿá€Ź 'မနကá€ș 6 နာရြကတညá€șှက' ရဟိတယá€ș၊ 'စကတညá€șှက' နá€Č့ လုပá€șဆေဏငá€șချကá€ș
64:16
Remember that with ‘since’, we talked about a specific point in time when the action
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စတငá€șချိနá€ș က တိကျတá€Č့ဥချကá€șတစá€șá€á€Żá€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှ á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€á€Č့တဏကို သတိရပါ
64:21
started.
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။
64:23
Let's move on.
1060
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ဆကá€șá€€á€Œá€›á€Ąá€±á€Źá€„á€ș။
64:24
The present perfect continuous can also be used without emphasizing duration.
1061
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ပစá€čစုပá€čပနá€ș á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€•á€Œá€Šá€·á€șစုံသေဏ စဉá€șဆကá€șမပဌတá€șကိုလညá€șှ ဥချိနá€șá€Ąá€œá€±á€žá€•á€±á€žá€…á€›á€Źá€™á€œá€­á€Żá€˜á€Č á€Ąá€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€•á€Œá€Żá€”á€­á€Żá€„á€șသညá€ș။
64:30
In this case, we mean ‘lately’.
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ကကိစá€čစတလငá€ș၊ ကျလနá€șုပá€șတို့သညá€ș 'á€œá€±á€Źá€œá€±á€Źá€œá€á€șလတá€ș' ကို ဆိုလိုသညá€ș။
64:33
This action has been happening ‘lately’,
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á€€á€œá€Żá€•á€șဆေဏငá€șချကá€șသညá€ș 'á€™á€€á€Œá€Źá€žá€±á€žá€™á€źá€€' ဖဌစá€șပျကá€șနေသေဏ
64:36
and so we can use the word ‘lately’ or ‘recently’ to explain this.
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á€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș ၎ငá€șá€žá€€á€­á€Żá€›á€Ÿá€„á€șသပဌရနá€ș 'lately' á€žá€­á€Żá€·á€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș 'á€™á€€á€Œá€Źá€žá€±á€žá€™á€źá€€' á€Ÿá€°á€žá€±á€Źá€…á€€á€Źá€žá€œá€Żá€¶á€žá€€á€­á€Ż သုံသနိုငá€șသညá€ș။
64:42
Let's take a look at some examples.
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ငပမဏဥချို့ကို á€œá€±á€·á€œá€Źá€€á€Œá€Šá€·á€șရဥေဏငá€ș။
64:43
‘You have been missing many classes lately.’
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'မငá€șှ á€™á€€á€Œá€Źá€žá€±á€žá€á€„á€șက အတနá€șသတေဏá€șတေဏá€șမျဏသမျဏသ ပျေဏကá€șနေတယá€ș'
64:48
You'll notice that at the end of the sentence I use the word ‘lately'
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á€á€«á€€á€»á€Ąá€†á€Żá€¶á€žá€á€œá€„á€ș
64:52
to describe when this action has been happening.
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á€€á€œá€Żá€•á€șဆေဏငá€șချကá€șဖဌစá€șပျကá€șနေသည့á€șဥချိနá€șကို ဖေဏá€șပဌရနá€ș 'lately' á€Ÿá€°á€žá€±á€Ź á€…á€€á€Źá€žá€œá€Żá€¶á€žá€€á€­á€Ż ကျလနá€șုပá€șá€Ąá€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€•á€Œá€Żá€žá€Šá€șကို သငá€șá€žá€á€­á€•á€Œá€Żá€™á€­á€•á€«á€œá€­á€™á€·á€șမညá€ș။
64:56
You can also use lately at the beginning of the sentence.
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á€á€«á€€á€»á€Ąá€…á€á€œá€„á€ș á€™á€€á€Œá€Źá€žá€±á€žá€™á€źá€€á€•á€„á€ș သငá€șသုံသနိုငá€șသညá€ș။
65:00
For example, ‘Lately, you have been missing many classes.’
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ငပမဏ- 'á€™á€€á€Œá€Źá€žá€±á€žá€™á€źá€€ အတနá€șá€žá€™á€»á€Źá€žá€…á€œá€Źá€€á€­á€Ż သငá€șပျေဏကá€șဆုံသနေပါသညá€ș။'
65:05
The next example says, ‘Recently, Toby has been running every day.’
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နေဏကá€șငပမဏတစá€șခုက 'á€™á€€á€Œá€Źá€žá€±á€žá€™á€źá€€ Toby သညá€ș နေ့တိုငá€șှလညá€șပတá€șနေသညá€ș' ဟုဆိုသညá€ș။ á€’á€źá€á€«á€€á€»á€™á€Ÿá€Ź
65:11
In this sentence, we used ‘recently’ at the beginning
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ဘယá€șဥချိနá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Ź လုပá€șဆေဏငá€șချကá€șတလေ ဖဌစá€șပျကá€șနေတယá€șဆိုတာကို á€•á€Œá€žá€–á€­á€Żá€·
65:14
to show when does action has been happening.
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á€Ąá€…á€™á€Ÿá€Ź 'á€™á€€á€Œá€Źá€žá€±á€žá€™á€źá€€' ကို သုံသပါတယá€ș ။
65:18
You can also use ‘recently’ at the end of the sentence.
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á€á€«á€€á€»á€Ąá€†á€Żá€¶á€žá€á€œá€„á€ș 'á€™á€€á€Œá€Źá€žá€±á€žá€™á€źá€€' ကိုလညá€șှ သုံသနိုငá€șသညá€ș။
65:21
‘Toby has been running everyday recently.’
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'တိုဘြသညá€ș နေ့တိုငá€șှ á€™á€€á€Œá€Źá€žá€±á€žá€™á€źá€€ လုပá€șဆေဏငá€șနေပါသညá€ș။'
65:25
In this example, the subject is Toby and so we use ‘has’ after Toby.
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á€€á€„á€•á€™á€Źá€á€œá€„á€ș၊ á€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှအရာသညá€ș Toby ဖဌစá€șá€žá€±á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș Toby á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€”á€±á€Źá€€á€ș 'has' ကို သုံသသညá€ș။
65:31
Because Toby is a ‘he’.
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တိုဘြသညá€ș 'သူ' ဖဌစá€șá€žá€±á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€șပငá€ș။
65:34
The next example says, ‘Lately, Dana has been swimming a lot.’
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နေဏကá€șငပမဏတစá€șခုက 'ဥခုနေဏကá€șပိုငá€șá€žá€™á€Ÿá€Ź ဒါနက ရေကူသတဏမျဏသတယá€ș' á€œá€­á€Żá€·á€†á€­á€Żá€á€šá€ș။
65:39
Again, we use ‘lately’ at the beginning of this sentence,
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တစá€șဖနá€ș၊ á€€á€á€«á€€á€»áá€Ąá€…á€á€œá€„á€ș 'lately' ကိုသုံသ
65:42
but you can also use it at the end.
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သေဏá€șလညá€șှ á€Ąá€†á€Żá€¶á€žá€á€œá€„á€ș ၎ငá€șှကိုသငá€șသုံသနိုငá€șသညá€ș။
65:45
Dana is a ‘she’ and so we followed this subject with ‘has’.
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ဒါနသညá€ș 'သူမ' ဖဌစá€șá€žá€±á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș á€€á€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှအရာကို ' has' ဖဌင့á€ș လိုကá€șနာခá€Č့သညá€ș။
65:51
And finally, ‘We've been practicing English together recently.’
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နေဏကá€șဆုံသဥနေနá€Č့ 'ငါတို့ á€™á€€á€Œá€Źá€žá€±á€žá€™á€źá€€ အငá€șá€čဂလိပá€șစာ အတူတူ လေ့ကျင့á€șခá€Č့ကဌတယá€ș' တá€Č့။
65:56
‘We’ is the subject of this sentence and so we use ‘have’.
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'We' သညá€ș á€€á€á€«á€€á€»áá€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șá€žá€Ąá€›á€Źá€–á€Œá€…á€șá€•á€Œá€źá€ž ' have' ကိုသုံသသညá€ș။
66:01
Here, we use the contraction ‘We’ve’.
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ကတလငá€ș၊ ကျလနá€șုပá€șတို့သညá€ș 'We've' ကိုသုံသသညá€ș။
66:04
‘We have’ become ‘We've’.
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'ငါတို့' 'ငါ' ဖဌစá€șလာတယá€ș။
66:07
‘We've been practicing English together recently.’
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'ငါတို့ á€™á€€á€Œá€Źá€žá€±á€žá€á€„á€șကမဟ အငá€șá€čဂလိပá€șစာ အတူတူ လေ့ကျင့á€șခá€Č့တဏ။'
66:11
We can put ‘recently’ at the end,
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'á€™á€€á€Œá€Źá€žá€±á€žá€™á€źá€€' ကို á€Ąá€†á€Żá€¶á€žá€á€œá€„á€ș ရေသနိုငá€șသညá€ș၊
66:14
or we can say ‘Recently we've been practicing English together.’
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á€žá€­á€Żá€·á€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș 'á€™á€€á€Œá€Źá€žá€±á€žá€™á€źá€€ ငါတို့ အငá€șá€čဂလိပá€șစာ á€Ąá€á€°á€á€°á€œá€±á€·á€€á€»á€„á€·á€șခá€Č့ကဌသညá€ș' ဟုဆိုနိုငá€șသညá€ș။
66:19
Let's move on.
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ဆကá€șá€€á€Œá€›á€Ąá€±á€Źá€„á€ș။
66:21
The present perfect continuous tense and also be used to talk about an action that recently
1090
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ပစá€čစုပá€čပနá€ș á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€•á€Œá€Šá€·á€șစုံသေဏ စဉá€șဆကá€șမပဌတá€ș တငá€șá€žá€™á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€€á€­á€Żá€œá€Šá€șှ á€™á€€á€Œá€Źá€žá€±á€žá€™á€źá€€
66:27
stopped and has a present result.
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ရပá€șတန့á€șá€•á€Œá€źá€ž ပစá€čစုပá€čပနá€șရလဒá€ș ရဟိသည့á€ș လုပá€șဆေဏငá€șချကá€șတစá€șá€á€Żá€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှ á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€†á€­á€Żá€›á€”á€șလညá€șှ သုံသသညá€ș။
66:30
Let's take a look at the example.
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á€„á€•á€™á€Źá€€á€­á€Żá€€á€Œá€Šá€·á€șရဥေဏငá€ș။
66:32
‘I'm tired because I have been running.’
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'á€•á€Œá€±á€žá€›á€á€Ź ပငá€șပနá€șှတယá€ș'
66:36
The second part of the sentence, ‘I have been running’
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á€á€«á€€á€»áá€’á€Żá€á€­á€šá€Ąá€•á€­á€Żá€„á€șှ၊ 'ငါပဌေသနေသညá€ș'
66:39
is using the present perfect continuous tense.
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သညá€ș ပစá€čစုပá€čပနá€șá€…á€Żá€¶á€œá€„á€șသေဏစဉá€șဆကá€șမပဌတá€șတငá€șá€žá€™á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€€á€­á€Ż á€Ąá€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€•á€Œá€Żá€žá€Šá€ș။
66:43
This is the action that recently stopped.
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ကသညá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Ź á€™á€€á€Œá€Źá€žá€±á€žá€™á€źá€€ ရပá€șတန့á€șခá€Č့သေဏ လုပá€șဆေဏငá€șချကá€șဖဌစá€șသညá€ș။
66:45
And as a result, ‘I'm tired’.
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ရလဒá€șဥနေနá€Č့ 'ငါပငá€șပနá€șှတယá€ș' တá€Č့။
66:49
This is the present result.
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ဒါက လကá€șရဟိရလဒá€șပါ။
66:51
What's happening now, because of this.
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အခု á€˜á€Źá€–á€Œá€…á€șá€”á€±á€á€Źá€œá€Č၊ အá€Čá€’á€«á€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș။
66:54
‘I'm tired.’.
1100
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'ကျလနá€șတေဏá€șပငá€șပနá€șသနေတယá€ș။'။
66:56
The next example says, ‘The street is wet because it has been raining.’
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နေဏကá€șငပမဏတစá€șခုက 'á€™á€­á€Żá€žá€›á€œá€Źá€á€Čá€·á€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș လမá€șှက စိုနေတယá€ș' á€œá€­á€Żá€·á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€‘á€Źá€žá€á€šá€ș။
67:01
This is very similar to the first sentence.
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ကသညá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Ź á€•á€‘á€™á€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șသနဟင့á€ș á€Ąá€œá€œá€”á€șဆငá€șတူသညá€ș။
67:04
Here, we know that it has been raining.
1103
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á€’á€źá€™á€Ÿá€Ź á€™á€­á€Żá€žá€›á€œá€Źá€”á€±á€•á€Œá€źá€†á€­á€Żá€á€Ź သိတယá€ș။
67:07
And this action recently stopped.
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á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€á€±á€Źá€· ဒြလုပá€șဆေဏငá€șချကá€șက á€™á€€á€Œá€Źá€žá€±á€žá€á€„á€șကမဟ ရပá€șá€žá€œá€Źá€žá€á€šá€ș။
67:09
As a result, in the present, The street is wet.
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á€‘á€­á€Żá€·á€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș ယခုလကá€șရဟိတလငá€ș လမá€șှသညá€ș á€…á€­á€Żá€…á€œá€á€șနေသညá€ș။
67:14
The street is wet right now because of this action.
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ဒြလုပá€șရပá€șá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș လမá€șှက á€…á€­á€Żá€”á€±á€•á€Œá€źá‹
67:19
The next example says, ‘You don't understand because you haven't been listening.’
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နေဏကá€șငပမဏတစá€șခုကတေဏ့ 'မငá€șသနဏသမထေဏငá€șá€œá€­á€Żá€· နာှမလညá€șဘူှ' á€œá€­á€Żá€·á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€‘á€Źá€žá€á€šá€ș။
67:25
You'll notice here that we use the negative.
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á€€á€”á€±á€›á€Źá€á€œá€„á€ș ကျလနá€șုပá€șတို့သညá€ș အနုတá€șလကá€čခဏာကို á€Ąá€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€•á€Œá€Żá€žá€Šá€șကို á€žá€á€­á€•á€Œá€Żá€™á€­á€•á€«á€œá€­á€™á€·á€șမညá€ș။
67:28
Here's the contractions, ‘haven't’ or ‘have not’
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က လုပá€șဆေဏငá€șချကá€șá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș 'မရဟိသေသ' á€žá€­á€Żá€·á€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș 'မရဟိ' á€Ÿá€°á€žá€±á€Ź á€Ąá€€á€»á€Żá€¶á€·á€á€„á€șá€™á€Ÿá€Ż ဟူသညá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Ź
67:33
because of this action, you haven't been listening,
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နဏသမထေဏငá€șဖူှ၊
67:36
now you don't understand.
1111
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ယခု နာှမလညá€șသေသပေ။
67:39
In the last example, we switch the order a little bit.
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နေဏကá€șá€†á€Żá€¶á€žá€„á€•á€™á€Źá€á€œá€„á€ș၊ ကျလနá€șုပá€șတို့သညá€ș á€Ąá€™á€Ÿá€Źá€…á€Źá€”á€Šá€șှနညá€șá€žá€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှသညá€ș။
67:43
‘I've been studying all night.’
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'ငါ တစá€șá€Šá€œá€Żá€¶á€ž စဏကျကá€șနေတယá€ș'
67:46
There is the present perfect continuous tense.
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ပစá€čစုပá€čပနá€ș á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€•á€Œá€Šá€·á€șစုံသေဏ အဆကá€șမပဌတá€ș တငá€șá€žá€™á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Ż ရဟိပါသညá€ș။
67:49
This is the action that stopped recently.
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ကသညá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Ź á€™á€€á€Œá€Źá€žá€±á€žá€™á€źá€€ ရပá€șတန့á€șခá€Č့သေဏ လုပá€șဆေဏငá€șချကá€șဖဌစá€șသညá€ș။
67:52
And here is the result.
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á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€á€±á€Źá€· ဒါက ရလဒá€șပါ။
67:53
‘Now, I'm exhausted.’
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'အခု ငါ ပငá€șပနá€șá€žá€”á€±á€•á€Œá€źá‹'
67:57
Great job, everyone.
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ကေဏငá€șှတá€Čá€·á€Ąá€œá€Żá€•á€ș၊ လူတိုငá€șှ။
67:58
Let's move on.
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ဆကá€șá€€á€Œá€›á€Ąá€±á€Źá€„á€ș။
67:59
Let's take a look at the negative form of the present perfect continuous tense.
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ပစá€čစုပá€čပနá€ș á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€•á€Œá€Šá€·á€șစုံသေဏ စဉá€șဆကá€șမပဌတá€ș တငá€șá€žá€™á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Żá အနုတá€șလကá€čá€á€á€Źá€•á€Żá€¶á€…á€¶á€€á€­á€Ż ကဌည့á€șá€€á€Œá€•á€«á€…á€­á€Żá€·á‹
68:04
Here are some examples.
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ကသညá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Ź á€„á€•á€™á€Źá€Ąá€á€»á€­á€Żá€·á€–á€Œá€…á€șသညá€ș။
68:06
‘I have not been feeling well these days.’
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'ဒြရကá€șပိုငá€șှ ငါ နေမကေဏငá€șှဘူှ။'
68:10
At the end of the sentence we have ‘these days’ to show that this is an action that's
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á€á€«á€€á€»á€Ąá€†á€Żá€¶á€žá€á€œá€„á€ș ကဥရဏသညá€ș
68:15
been happening recently.
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á€™á€€á€Œá€Źá€žá€±á€žá€™á€źá€€ ဖဌစá€șá€•á€œá€Źá€žá€”á€±á€žá€Šá€·á€ș လုပá€șရပá€șဖဌစá€șá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှ ပဌသရနá€ș ကျလနá€șုပá€șá€á€­á€Żá€·á€á€œá€„á€ș 'ကရကá€șမျဏသ' ရဟိသညá€ș။
68:18
In the negative form, we have to have ‘not’.
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á€Ąá€†á€­á€Żá€žá€™á€Œá€„á€șတá€Čá€·á€•á€Żá€¶á€…á€¶á€™á€Ÿá€Ź 'မ' ရဟိရမယá€ș။
68:21
The ‘not’ goes after have or has.
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'not' သညá€ș have á€žá€­á€Żá€·á€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș has áá€”á€±á€Źá€€á€șတလငá€șဖဌစá€șသညá€ș။
68:25
In this case, the subject is ‘I’, so I use ‘have’.
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ကကိစá€čစတလငá€ș၊ á€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှအရာသညá€ș 'ငါ' ဖဌစá€șá€žá€±á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș ကျလနá€șုပá€șသညá€ș 'ရဟိသညá€ș' á€Ÿá€Żá€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€žá€Šá€ș။
68:29
‘I have not been feeling well these days.’
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'ဒြရကá€șပိုငá€șှ ငါ နေမကေဏငá€șှဘူှ။'
68:33
We can also use a contraction ‘haven't’ or ‘have not’.
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á€€á€»á€Żá€¶á€·á€á€Œá€„á€șှ ' haven't ' á€žá€­á€Żá€·á€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș ' have not ' ကိုလညá€șှ သုံသနိုငá€șသညá€ș။
68:38
‘I haven't been feeling well these days.’
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'ဒြရကá€șပိုငá€șှ ငါ နေမကေဏငá€șှဘူှ။'
68:41
The next sentence says, ‘Sue has not been cooking lately.’
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နေဏကá€șá€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှက 'ဆူှ á€™á€€á€Œá€Źá€žá€±á€žá€™á€źá€€ ချကá€șá€•á€Œá€Żá€á€șခဌငá€șá€žá€™á€•á€Œá€Żá€•á€«' ဟုဆိုသညá€ș။
68:46
We have ‘lately’ at the end of this sentence,
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á€€á€á€«á€€á€»áá€Ąá€†á€Żá€¶á€žá€á€œá€„á€ș 'lately' ရဟိသညá€ș၊
68:49
We can also put ‘lately’ at the beginning of the sentence.
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á€á€«á€€á€»áá€Ąá€…á€á€œá€„á€ș 'lately' ကိုလညá€șှ ထည့á€șနိုငá€șသညá€ș။
68:53
The important part of this sentence is to put ‘not’ after ‘has’.
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á€’á€źá€á€«á€€á€»á€›á€Č့ á€Ąá€›á€±á€žá€€á€Œá€źá€žá€á€Č့ အပိုငá€șသကတေဏ့ ' has' ရá€Č့နေဏကá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Ź 'not' ကို ထည့á€șဖို့ပါပá€Č။
68:57
Why did we use ‘has’?
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á€˜á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș ' has ' ကို á€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€á€Źá€œá€Č။
69:00
Because the subject is ‘Sue’ which is a 'she'.
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အဘယá€șá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€șဆိုသေဏá€ș ဘာသာရပá€șသညá€ș 'ဆူှ' ဖဌစá€șá€žá€±á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș 'သူမ' ဖဌစá€șသညá€ș။
69:03
For ‘he’, ‘she’, ‘it’, we use ‘has’.
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'he', 'she', 'it' á€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș 'has' ကို သုံသပါတယá€ș။
69:06
Again, we can use a contraction ‘hasn't’ for has not.
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တစá€șဖနá€ș၊ hasn't á€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș á€€á€»á€Żá€¶á€·á€á€Œá€„á€șှအာှ ကျလနá€șုပá€șတို့ သုံသနိုငá€șသညá€ș။
69:11
‘Sue hasn't been cooking lately.’
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'ဆူှ ဟငá€șသချကá€șတာ á€™á€€á€Œá€Źá€žá€±á€žá€˜á€°á€ž'
69:15
The next sentence says, ‘Jeff hasn't been eating healthy food recently.’
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နေဏကá€șá€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှက 'Jeff ဟာ ကျနá€șသမဏရေသနá€Č့ á€Šá€źá€Šá€œá€á€șတá€Č့ အစာှအစာကို á€™á€€á€Œá€Źá€žá€±á€žá€™á€źá€€ á€™á€…á€Źá€žá€›á€žá€±á€žá€•á€«á€˜á€°á€ž' á€œá€­á€Żá€· ဆိုပါတယá€ș။
69:21
Again, the ‘recently’ can be used at the beginning or end of this sentence.
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တဖနá€ș၊ 'á€™á€€á€Œá€Źá€žá€±á€žá€™á€źá€€' ကို á€€á€á€«á€€á€»áá€Ąá€… á€žá€­á€Żá€·á€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș á€Ąá€†á€Żá€¶á€žá€á€œá€„á€ș သုံသနိုငá€șသညá€ș။
69:26
We have the contestant ‘hasn't’ here for you.
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သင့á€șá€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș á€€á€”á€±á€›á€Źá€á€œá€„á€ș á€•á€Œá€­á€Żá€„á€șပလá€Čဝငá€ș 'မရဟိ' ပါ။
69:31
‘hasn't’ is a contraction for ‘has not’.
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' hasn' သညá€ș 'မရဟိ' á€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș á€€á€»á€Żá€¶á€·á€á€Œá€„á€șှ ဖဌစá€șသညá€ș။
69:34
We have ‘has’ because the subject is Jeff which is ‘he’.
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ဘာသာရပá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Ź Jeff ဖဌစá€șá€žá€±á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș 'ရဟိ' သညá€ș။
69:39
And finally, ‘They haven't been speaking for over a year.’
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နေဏကá€șဆုံသတေဏ့ 'သူတို့ á€…á€€á€Źá€žá€™á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€–á€Œá€…á€șတာ တစá€șနဟစá€șကျေဏá€șá€•á€Œá€ź' တá€Č့။
69:45
In this case, ‘for over a year’ shows duration.
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ကကိစá€čစတလငá€ș၊ 'တစá€șနဟစá€șကျေဏá€ș' သညá€șá€€á€Œá€Źá€á€»á€­á€”á€șá€€á€­á€Żá€•á€Œá€žá€žá€Šá€ș။
69:49
Remember with ‘for’, you show how long something has been happening.
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'for' ဖဌင့á€ș မဟတá€șသဏသထဏသပါ၊ တစá€șစုံတစá€șခု ဖဌစá€șပျကá€șနေသညá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Ź မညá€șá€™á€»á€Ÿá€€á€Œá€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှကို သငá€șပဌသပါ။
69:54
In this case, we have a contraction ‘haven't’ or ‘have not’.
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ကကိစá€čစတလငá€ș၊ ကျလနá€șုပá€șá€á€­á€Żá€·á€á€œá€„á€ș 'မရဟိ' á€žá€­á€Żá€·á€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș 'မရဟိ' á€Ÿá€°á€žá€±á€Ź á€Ąá€€á€»á€Żá€¶á€·á€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€…á€șá€á€Żá€›á€Ÿá€­á€žá€Šá€ș။
69:58
Great job, everybody.
1149
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ကေဏငá€șှတá€Čá€·á€Ąá€œá€Żá€•á€ș၊ လူတိုငá€șှ။
70:00
let's move on.
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ဆကá€șá€žá€œá€Źá€žá€€á€Œá€›á€Ąá€±á€Źá€„á€ș။
70:01
Now, let's take a look at how to form the ‘have’ or ‘has’ question
1151
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အခု ပစá€čစုပá€čပနá€ș á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€•á€Œá€Šá€·á€șစုံတá€Č့ စဉá€șဆကá€șမပဌတá€ș တငá€șá€žá€™á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș
70:06
for the present perfect continuous tense.
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'have' á€žá€­á€Żá€·á€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș 'has' ဆိုတá€Č့ မေသခလနá€șှကို ဘယá€șá€œá€­á€Żá€•á€Żá€¶á€…á€¶á€›á€™á€œá€Čဆိုတာ ကဌည့á€șá€€á€Œá€›á€Ąá€±á€Źá€„á€ș
70:09
The first sentence says, ‘He has been reading for an hour,’
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။ á€•á€‘á€™á€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှက 'သူဖတá€șနေတဏ တစá€șá€”á€Źá€›á€źá€œá€±á€Źá€€á€șá€›á€Ÿá€­á€•á€Œá€ź' á€œá€­á€Żá€· á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€á€šá€ș၊
70:13
Now, to turn this into a question,
1154
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အခု ဒါကို မေသခလနá€șှတစá€șá€á€Żá€Ąá€–á€Œá€…á€ș á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှလá€Čဖို့၊
70:16
all we have to do is change the order of the first two words.
1155
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á€„á€«á€á€­á€Żá€·á€œá€Żá€•á€șá€›á€™á€Ÿá€Źá€€ á€•á€‘á€™á€…á€€á€Źá€žá€œá€Żá€¶á€žá€”á€Ÿá€…á€șá€œá€Żá€¶á€žá€›á€Č့ ဥစဟဥစငá€șကို á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှလိုကá€șပါ။
70:21
So ‘He has’ becomes ‘Has he’.
1156
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ဒါဆို 'သူ' က 'á€žá€°á€›á€Ÿá€­á€•á€Œá€ź' ဖဌစá€șá€žá€œá€Źá€žá€á€šá€ș။
70:24
‘Has he been reading for an hour?’
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'သူ စာဖတá€șနေတဏ တစá€șá€”á€Źá€›á€źá€œá€±á€Źá€€á€șá€›á€Ÿá€­á€•á€Œá€źá€œá€Źá€ž'
70:28
You'll notice that the second part of the sentence doesn't change.
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ဝါကျရá€Č့ ဒုတိယအပိုငá€șှက á€™á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှလá€Čတာကို á€žá€á€­á€•á€Œá€Żá€™á€­á€•á€«á€œá€­á€™á€·á€șမယá€ș။
70:32
‘Has he been reading for an hour?’
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'သူ စာဖတá€șနေတဏ တစá€șá€”á€Źá€›á€źá€œá€±á€Źá€€á€șá€›á€Ÿá€­á€•á€Œá€źá€œá€Źá€ž'
70:35
To answer, you can simply say, ‘Yes, he has.’ or ‘No, he hasn't.’
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á€–á€Œá€±á€–á€­á€Żá€·á€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș 'ဟုတá€șတယá€ș၊ á€žá€°á€·á€™á€Ÿá€Źá€›á€Ÿá€­á€á€šá€ș' á€œá€­á€Żá€· á€›á€­á€Żá€žá€›á€­á€Żá€žá€›á€Ÿá€„á€șသရဟငá€șှပá€Č á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€”á€­á€Żá€„á€șပါတယá€ș။ á€’á€«á€™á€Ÿá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș 'မဟုတá€șဘူှ၊ သူက မရဟိဘူသ။'
70:41
The next sentence says, ‘They have been sleeping since 8 p.m.’
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နေဏကá€șá€á€«á€€á€»á€™á€Ÿá€Ź 'ည ၈ နာရြကတညá€șှက အိပá€șá€”á€±á€€á€Œá€•á€Œá€ź' á€œá€­á€Żá€· á€•á€Œá€±á€Ź
70:45
Again, the second part of the sentence stays the same,
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ပဌနá€șတယá€ș၊ ဝါကျရá€Č့ ဒုတိယအပိုငá€șသကတေဏ့ ဒြအတိုငá€șှပá€Č၊
70:50
and in the beginning, we just switch the first two words.
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အစပိုငá€șá€žá€™á€Ÿá€Źá€á€±á€Źá€· á€•á€‘á€™á€…á€€á€Źá€žá€œá€Żá€¶á€žá€”á€Ÿá€…á€șá€œá€Żá€¶á€žá€€á€­á€Żá€•á€Č á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှလိုကá€șတယá€ș။
70:53
‘They have’ become ‘Have they’.
1164
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'သူတို့' 'á€›á€Ÿá€­á€•á€Œá€ź' ဖဌစá€șလာသညá€ș။
70:55
‘Have they been sleeping since 8 p.m.?’
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'ည ၈ နာရြကတညá€șှက အိပá€șá€”á€±á€á€Źá€œá€Źá€žá‹'
70:59
To answer, you can say, ‘Yes, they have.’
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'ဟုတá€șတယá€ș၊ á€žá€°á€á€­á€Żá€·á€™á€Ÿá€Źá€›á€Ÿá€­á€á€šá€ș' ဟုသငá€șá€–á€Œá€±á€†á€­á€Żá€”á€­á€Żá€„á€șသညá€ș။
71:03
or ‘No. they haven't.’
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á€žá€­á€Żá€·á€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș 'No. သူတို့ မရဟိဘူသ၊
71:05
Great job, everybody.
1168
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ကေဏငá€șှတá€Čá€·á€Ąá€œá€Żá€•á€ș၊ လူတိုငá€șှ။
71:07
Let's move on.
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ဆကá€șá€€á€Œá€›á€Ąá€±á€Źá€„á€ș။
71:08
Now, let's take a look at how to form WH questions in the present perfect continuous tense.
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ယခု ပစá€čစုပá€čပနá€ș á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€•á€Œá€Šá€·á€șစုံသေဏ စဉá€șဆကá€șမပဌတá€ș တငá€șá€žá€™á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€œá€„á€ș WH မေသခလနá€șသမျဏသကို မညá€șá€žá€­á€Żá€·á€–á€œá€Č့စညá€șှရမညá€șကို á€œá€±á€·á€œá€Źá€€á€Œá€Šá€·á€șá€€á€Œá€•á€«á€…á€­á€Żá€·á‹
71:14
Here, we have some WH question words.
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ကတလငá€ș၊ ကျလနá€șုပá€șá€á€­á€Żá€·á€á€œá€„á€ș WH မေသခလနá€șá€žá€…á€€á€Źá€žá€œá€Żá€¶á€žá€Ąá€á€»á€­á€Żá€·á€›á€Ÿá€­á€žá€Šá€ș။
71:18
‘what’, ‘where’, ‘why’ and ‘how’.
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'ဘာ'၊ 'ဘယá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Ź'၊ 'á€˜á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș' နá€Č့ 'ဘယá€șလို'။
71:22
Let's take a look at the first question.
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ပထမမေသခလနá€șှကို ကဌည့á€șရဥေဏငá€ș။
71:24
‘What have you been doing lately?’
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'မငá€șသဥခုနေဏကá€șပိုငá€șှ ဘာလုပá€șá€”á€±á€á€Źá€œá€Č'
71:27
I can answer by saying, ‘I have been working.’
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'အလုပá€șá€•á€Œá€źá€žá€•á€Œá€ź' á€œá€­á€Żá€· á€–á€Œá€±á€”á€­á€Żá€„á€șပါတယá€ș။
71:30
or ‘I have been studying.’
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á€’á€«á€™á€Ÿá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș 'á€„á€«á€œá€±á€·á€œá€Źá€•á€Œá€źá€žá€•á€Œá€źá‹'
71:32
I can also use the contraction ‘I've’.
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á€€á€»á€Żá€¶á€·á€á€Œá€„á€șှ 'I've' ကိုလညá€șှ သုံသနိုငá€șသညá€ș။
71:35
‘I've been working.’
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'ကျလနá€șတေဏá€ș အလုပá€șá€•á€Œá€źá€žá€•á€Œá€źá‹'
71:37
‘I've been studying.’
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'ငါ á€œá€±á€·á€œá€Źá€•á€Œá€źá€žá€•á€Œá€źá‹'
71:38
The next question says, ‘Where have you been traveling?’
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နေဏကá€șမေသခလနá€șှက 'မငá€șှဘယá€șကို á€á€›á€źá€žá€‘á€œá€€á€șခá€Č့လá€Č' တá€Č့။
71:42
‘I have been traveling in Europe.’
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'ကျလနá€șတေဏá€ș á€„á€›á€±á€Źá€•á€™á€Ÿá€Ź á€á€›á€źá€žá€‘á€œá€€á€șဖူှတယá€ș။'
71:45
or ‘I've been traveling in Europe.’
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á€’á€«á€™á€Ÿá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș 'á€„á€›á€±á€Źá€•á€™á€Ÿá€Ź á€á€›á€źá€žá€‘á€œá€€á€șဖူှတယá€ș။'
71:47
‘Why has he been feeling sad?’
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'á€˜á€Źá€œá€­á€Żá€· ဝမá€șှနညá€șá€žá€”á€±á€›á€á€Źá€œá€Č'
71:52
You can answer by saying, ‘He's been feeling sad.’
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'သူ ဝမá€șှနညá€șသနေတယá€ș' á€œá€­á€Żá€· á€–á€Œá€±á€†á€­á€Żá€”á€­á€Żá€„á€șပါတယá€ș။
71:55
That's the contraction ‘he has’, he's been feeling sad because his pet died.
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အá€Č့ဒါက 'á€žá€°á€·á€™á€Ÿá€Źá€›á€Ÿá€­á€á€šá€ș' ၊ သူ့ဥိမá€șမလေသတိရိစá€čဆာနá€șá€žá€±á€žá€œá€Źá€žá€œá€­á€Żá€· စိတá€șမကေဏငá€șသဖဌစá€șရတယá€ș။
72:02
or ‘He has been feeling sad because he broke up with his girlfriend.’
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á€’á€«á€™á€Ÿá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș 'သူ့ရညá€șှစာှနá€Č့ လမá€șသခလá€Čလိုကá€șတá€Čá€·á€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș ဝမá€șှနညá€șသနေရတယá€ș။'
72:06
Something like that.
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တစá€șခုခုပေါ့။
72:08
And ‘How has she been doing?’
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á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€á€±á€Źá€· 'သူမ ဘယá€șá€œá€­á€Żá€”á€±á€œá€Č'
72:11
‘How has she been doing?’
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'သူမ ဘယá€șá€œá€­á€Żá€”á€±á€œá€Č'
72:13
I can say, ‘She's been doing well.’
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'သူမ နေကေဏငá€șá€žá€”á€±á€•á€Œá€ź' á€œá€­á€Żá€· á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€”á€­á€Żá€„á€șပါတယá€ș။
72:16
‘She's’ is a contraction for ‘she has’.
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'သူမ' သညá€ș 'သူမ' á€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș á€€á€»á€Żá€¶á€·á€žá€œá€Źá€žá€žá€Šá€ș။
72:19
Great job, everyone.
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ကေဏငá€șှတá€Čá€·á€Ąá€œá€Żá€•á€ș၊ လူတိုငá€șှ။
72:21
Let's move on.
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ဆကá€șá€€á€Œá€›á€Ąá€±á€Źá€„á€ș။
72:22
In this checkup, we will talk about the present perfect continuous tense.
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ကစစá€șá€†á€±á€žá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€œá€„á€ș၊ ကျလနá€șုပá€șတို့သညá€ș ပစá€čစုပá€čပနá€ș á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€•á€Œá€Šá€·á€șစုံသေဏ စဉá€șဆကá€șမပဌတá€ș တငá€șá€žá€™á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှ ဆလေသနလေသပါမညá€ș။
72:27
This tense can be used to describe an event
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အတိတá€șမဟစတငá€șá€•á€Œá€źá€ž ပစá€čစုပá€čပနá€șတလငá€ș ဆကá€șလကá€șဖဌစá€șပေါá€șနေသေဏ
72:30
that started in the past and continues in the present.
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á€Ąá€–á€Œá€…á€șဥပျကá€șတစá€șခုကို ဖေဏá€șပဌရနá€ș ကတငá€șá€žá€™á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€€á€­á€Ż á€Ąá€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€•á€Œá€Żá€”á€­á€Żá€„á€șသညá€ș ။
72:34
Let's take a look.
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ကဌည့á€șá€€á€Œá€›á€Ąá€±á€Źá€„á€ș။
72:35
The first sentence says,
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á€•á€‘á€™á€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှက
72:38
‘He has _blank_ all week,’
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'He has _blank_ တစá€șပတá€șá€œá€Żá€¶á€ž'
72:40
And the verb is ‘sleep’.
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နá€Č့ á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€€ 'sleep' ပါ။
72:42
For this tense, what we do is we first look at the subject, ‘he’.
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ဒြတငá€șá€žá€™á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș၊ á€„á€«á€á€­á€Żá€·á€œá€Żá€•á€șတá€Č့ဥရဏက 'သူ' ဆိုတá€Čá€·á€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှအရာကို အရငá€șကဌည့á€șတယá€ș။
72:47
For ‘he’, ‘she’ and ‘it’, we put ‘has’.
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'သူ'၊ 'သူမ' နá€Č့ 'it' á€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș ' has' á€œá€­á€Żá€· ရေသထဏသတယá€ș။
72:52
Then, we add ‘been’. ‘has been’.
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á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€›á€„á€ș 'been' á€œá€­á€Żá€·á€‘á€Šá€·á€șတယá€ș။ 'á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€•á€Œá€ź'
72:57
Finally we add ‘-ing’ to the end.
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နေဏကá€șá€†á€Żá€¶á€žá€á€œá€„á€ș '-ing' ကို á€Ąá€†á€Żá€¶á€žá€á€œá€„á€ș ထည့á€șပါ။
73:00
‘He has been sleeping all week.’
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'သူ တစá€șပတá€șá€œá€Żá€¶á€ž အိပá€șနေတဏပá€Č။'
73:06
The next sentence says, ‘You haven't _blank_ for a year.’
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နေဏကá€șá€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှက 'မငá€șá€žá€™á€Ÿá€Ź _blank_ တစá€șနဟစá€șá€™á€›á€Ÿá€­á€á€±á€Źá€·á€˜á€°á€ž' တá€Č့။
73:11
and the verb is ‘travel’.
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á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€á€±á€Źá€· á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€€ 'ခရြှ'။
73:13
Now, this is the negative form.
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ဥခုတေဏ့ ဒါက á€Ąá€†á€­á€Żá€žá€™á€Œá€„á€șပုံစံပါ။
73:16
So you see the contraction - ‘haven't’.
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ဒဟတေဏ့ á€€á€»á€Żá€¶á€·á€žá€œá€Źá€žá€á€Źá€€á€­á€Ż မငá€șသမဌငá€șရတယá€ș - 'မလုပá€șဖူှ'။
73:18
‘You have not’ or ‘You haven't’.
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'မငá€șသမရဟိ' á€žá€­á€Żá€·á€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș 'မရဟိ'။
73:21
Again, what we do after that is add ‘been’.
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နေဏကá€șတဖနá€ș၊ á€„á€«á€á€­á€Żá€·á€œá€Żá€•á€șသေဏဥရဏသညá€ș 'been' ကိုထည့á€șပါ။
73:26
Then, do you remember what to do?
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ဒါဆို ဘာလုပá€șရမလá€Č မဟတá€șမိလာှ။
73:30
Add ‘-ing’ to the verb.
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á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€á€œá€„á€ș '-ing' ထည့á€șပါ။
73:34
‘You haven't been traveling for a year.’
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'မငá€șှ á€á€›á€źá€žá€™á€‘á€œá€€á€șတာ တစá€șနဟစá€șá€›á€Ÿá€­á€•á€Œá€ź'
73:40
Next, it says ‘They _blank_ working all day.’
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နေဏကá€șတစá€șခုက 'သူတို့ _blank_ တနေကုနá€ș အလုပá€șလုပá€șနေတယá€ș' á€œá€­á€Żá€· á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€•á€«á€á€šá€ș။
73:46
So the verb ‘-ing’ has already been provided for you.
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á€‘á€­á€Żá€·á€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Ź '-ing' ကို သင့á€șá€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș á€•á€±á€žá€‘á€Źá€žá€•á€Œá€źá€žá€–á€Œá€…á€șသညá€ș။
73:50
Now, take a look at the subject.
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အခု ဘာသာရပá€șကို တစá€șချကá€șကဌည့á€șလိုကá€șပါ။
73:53
The subject is ‘they’.
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á€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șသဥရဏကတေဏ့ 'သူတို့' ပါ။
73:55
Should we use ‘have’? or should we use ‘has’?
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'have' ကို သုံသသင့á€șသလာှ။ á€’á€«á€™á€Ÿá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș 'has' ကို သုံသသင့á€șသလာှ။
73:59
The correct answer is ‘have’.
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á€Ąá€–á€Œá€±á€™á€Ÿá€”á€șက 'ရဟိသညá€ș'။
74:03
Then what do you put?
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ဒါဆို မငá€șှဘာထာှလá€Č
74:04
Remember, we put ‘been’.
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ငါတို့ 'been' á€œá€­á€Żá€· မဟတá€șထာှလိုကá€șပါ။
74:07
‘They have been working all day.’
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'တစá€șနေကုနá€ș အလုပá€șလုပá€șá€”á€±á€€á€Œá€•á€Œá€ź'
74:11
Now if you want to make this negative, you can say,
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အခု ဒါကို á€Ąá€†á€­á€Żá€žá€™á€Œá€„á€șချငá€șရငá€ș
74:14
‘They haven't been working all day.’
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'တစá€șá€”á€±á€·á€œá€Żá€¶á€ž အလုပá€șမလုပá€șဘူှ' á€œá€­á€Żá€· á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€”á€­á€Żá€„á€șပါတယá€ș။
74:18
Now find the mistake in the next sentence.
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အခု နေဏကá€șá€á€«á€€á€»á€™á€Ÿá€Ź á€Ąá€™á€Ÿá€Źá€žá€€á€­á€Ż á€›á€Ÿá€Źá€•á€«á‹
74:21
‘My friends have been watch TV.’
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'ငါ့သူငယá€șချငá€șသတလေ á€á€źá€—á€źá€€á€Œá€Šá€·á€șá€”á€±á€€á€Œá€•á€Œá€źá‹'
74:24
‘My friends have been watch TV.’
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'ငါ့သူငယá€șချငá€șသတလေ á€á€źá€—á€źá€€á€Œá€Šá€·á€șá€”á€±á€€á€Œá€•á€Œá€źá‹'
74:29
What's the mistake?
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á€˜á€Źá€Ąá€™á€Ÿá€Źá€žá€œá€Č?
74:30
Remember, we need to add ‘-ing’ to the end of the verb.
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á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źáá€Ąá€†á€Żá€¶á€žá€á€œá€„á€ș '-ing' ထည့á€șရနá€ș လိုအပá€șသညá€șကို သတိရပါ။
74:36
So we should say,
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á€’á€«á€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș
74:38
‘My friends have been watching TV.’
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'ငါ့သူငယá€șချငá€șသတလေ á€á€źá€—á€źá€€á€Œá€Šá€·á€șá€”á€±á€€á€Œá€•á€Œá€ź'
74:41
Next, ‘Sal did talking for 10 minutes.’
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á€œá€­á€Żá€·á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€žá€„á€·á€șတယá€ș ။ ထို့နေဏကá€ș 'Sal က ၁၀ မိနစá€șá€œá€±á€Źá€€á€ș á€…á€€á€Źá€žá€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€á€šá€ș'
74:48
Hmm..
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ဟမá€ș။
74:49
Sal is a ‘he'.
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Sal က 'သူ'။
74:51
And ‘talking’ is already there for you.
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á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€á€±á€Źá€· 'á€…á€€á€Źá€žá€•á€Œá€±á€Ź' က မငá€șá€žá€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș á€›á€Ÿá€­á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€žá€Źá€žá‹
74:54
So what's in the middle of those two words is the mistake.
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ဒဟတေဏ့ အá€Čá€’á€źá€…á€€á€Źá€žá€œá€Żá€¶á€žá€”á€Ÿá€…á€șခုရá€Č့ အလယá€șá€™á€Ÿá€Ź á€˜á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Źá€žá€”á€±á€œá€Č။
74:59
For ‘he’, we use ‘has’.
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'သူ' á€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș ' has' ကို သုံသသညá€ș။
75:02
So we say ‘has been’.
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အá€Čဒဟတေဏ့ 'á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€•á€Œá€ź' á€œá€­á€Żá€· á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€á€Źá‹
75:05
‘Sal has been talking for 10 minutes.’
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'Sal á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€á€Ź ၁၀ မိနစá€șá€›á€Ÿá€­á€•á€Œá€ź'
75:08
And finally,
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နေဏကá€șဆုံသတေဏ့
75:10
‘He has been to eat for an hour.’
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'သူထမငá€șှစာှတာ တစá€șá€”á€Źá€›á€źá€œá€±á€Źá€€á€șá€›á€Ÿá€­á€•á€Œá€ź' တá€Č့။
75:13
Hmm..
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ဟမá€ș..
75:14
‘He has been’ That's correct.
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'သူဖဌစá€șá€žá€œá€Źá€žá€•á€Œá€ź' ဒါမဟနá€șတယá€ș။
75:18
However, in this sentence, the base form of the verb ‘eat’ was used.
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သို့သေဏá€ș ကဝါကျတလငá€ș á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá á€Ąá€á€Œá€±á€á€¶á€•á€Żá€¶á€…á€¶á€€á€­á€Ż 'စာှ' ဟု သုံသသညá€ș။
75:24
Instead, remember we need ‘-ing’.
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အá€Čဒြအစာှ '-ing' လိုတယá€șဆိုတာ သတိရပါ။
75:31
This is the correct answer.
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ဒါက á€Ąá€–á€Œá€±á€™á€Ÿá€”á€șပá€Č။
75:33
‘He has been eating for an hour.’
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'သူထမငá€șသစဏသနေတဏ တစá€șá€”á€Źá€›á€źá€œá€±á€Źá€€á€șá€›á€Ÿá€­á€•á€Œá€ź'
75:36
All right, good job. and let's move on to the next practice.
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ကေဏငá€șá€žá€•á€Œá€źáŠ အလုပá€șကေဏငá€șှ။ á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€á€±á€Źá€· နေဏကá€șá€Ąá€œá€±á€·á€Ąá€€á€»á€„á€·á€șကို ဆကá€șá€žá€œá€Źá€žá€€á€Œá€›á€Ąá€±á€Źá€„á€ș။
75:41
In this practice, we'll take a look at the present perfect continuous tense,
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á€€á€Ąá€œá€±á€·á€Ąá€€á€»á€„á€·á€șတလငá€ș၊ ကျလနá€șုပá€șတို့သညá€ș ပစá€čစုပá€čပနá€ș á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€•á€Œá€Šá€·á€șစုံသေဏ စဉá€șဆကá€șမပဌတá€ș တငá€șá€žá€™á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€€á€­á€Ż ကဌည့á€ș
75:46
And see how it expresses an action that has been happening recently or lately.
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ကာ á€™á€€á€Œá€Źá€žá€±á€žá€™á€ź á€žá€­á€Żá€·á€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș á€™á€€á€Œá€Źá€žá€±á€žá€™á€źá€€ ဖဌစá€șပျကá€șနေသည့á€ș လုပá€șရပá€șတစá€șခုကို မညá€șသို့ဖေဏá€șပဌသညá€șကို ကဌည့á€șပါမညá€ș။
75:51
Let's take a look at the first sentence.
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á€•á€‘á€™á€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှကို á€œá€±á€·á€œá€Źá€€á€Œá€Šá€·á€șရဥေဏငá€ș။
75:53
‘She has _blank_ bad lately.’
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'á€žá€°á€·á€™á€Ÿá€Ź _blank_ မကေဏငá€șှတာ á€™á€€á€Œá€Źá€žá€±á€žá€˜á€°á€žá‹'
75:58
And the verb is ‘feel’.
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á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€á€±á€Źá€· á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€€ 'ခံစဏသ' တယá€ș။
76:00
Remember for ‘she’, we use ‘has’.
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'သူမ' á€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș မဟတá€șသဏသပါ၊ ' has' ကို သုံသသညá€ș။
76:04
Then don't forget we need to have ‘been’.
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ဒါဆိုရငá€ș 'ဖဌစá€ș' ဖို့ လိုတယá€șဆိုတာ မမေ့ပါနá€Č့။
76:08
‘She has been’
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'She has been'
76:10
After that, we add ‘-ing’ to the verb.
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á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€”á€±á€Źá€€á€ș á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€á€œá€„á€ș '-ing' ကို ထည့á€șသညá€ș။
76:17
The correct sentence is,
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မဟနá€șကနá€șá€žá€±á€Źá€á€«á€€á€»á€™á€Ÿá€Ź
76:19
‘She has been feeling bad lately.’
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'သူမသညá€ș á€™á€€á€Œá€Źá€žá€±á€žá€™á€źá€€ á€†á€­á€Żá€žá€›á€œá€Źá€žá€”á€±á€á€Č့သညá€ș။'
76:22
The next sentence says,
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နေဏကá€șá€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှက
76:24
‘We haven't _blank_ much recently.’
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'ကျလနá€șုပá€șတို့ _blank_ á€™á€€á€Œá€Źá€žá€±á€žá€•á€«á€˜á€°á€ž' á€œá€­á€Żá€·á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€‘á€Źá€žá€á€šá€ș။
76:28
And the verb is ‘cook’.
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á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€á€±á€Źá€· á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€€ 'ချကá€șá€•á€Œá€Żá€á€ș'။
76:30
This is a negative sentence.
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ဒါက á€Ąá€†á€­á€Żá€žá€™á€Œá€„á€șဝါကျပါ။
76:32
So we say, ‘We have not’ or the contraction - ‘haven't’.
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á€’á€«á€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș 'á€„á€«á€á€­á€Żá€·á€™á€›á€Ÿá€­á€˜á€°á€ž' á€’á€«á€™á€Ÿá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș á€€á€»á€Żá€¶á€·á€žá€œá€Źá€žá€á€šá€șá€œá€­á€Żá€· á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€”á€­á€Żá€„á€șတယá€ș။
76:36
‘We haven't’ Don't forget ‘been’, and then verb ‘-ing’.
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'We haven't' 'been' နဟင့á€ș á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Ź '-ing' ကို မမေ့ပါနဟင့á€ș။
76:43
‘We haven't been cooking much recently.’
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'ကျလနá€șုပá€șတို့ ချကá€șá€•á€Œá€Żá€á€șတာ သိပá€șá€™á€€á€Œá€Źá€žá€±á€žá€•á€«á€˜á€°á€žá‹'
76:48
Finally, we move on, let's try to find the mistake.
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နေဏကá€șဆုံသဥနေနá€Č့ á€Ąá€™á€Ÿá€Źá€žá€€á€­á€Żá€›á€Ÿá€Źá€€á€Œá€Šá€·á€șရဥေဏငá€ș။
76:54
‘We has been riding bikes to school recently.’
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'ငါတို့ ကျေဏငá€șှကို စကá€șဘြှစြှလာတာ á€™á€€á€Œá€Źá€žá€±á€žá€˜á€°á€ž'
76:59
What's the mistake in this sentence?
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á€’á€źá€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șá€žá€™á€Ÿá€Ź á€˜á€Źá€Ąá€™á€Ÿá€Źá€žá€›á€Ÿá€­á€œá€­á€Żá€·á€œá€Č။
77:02
The subject here is ‘We’.
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á€’á€źá€”á€±á€›á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Ź ဘာသာရပá€șက 'ငါ' ပါ။
77:04
For ‘I’, ‘you’, ‘we’ and ‘they’, we have to say ‘have been’, not ‘has
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'ငါ'၊ 'မငá€șှ'၊ 'ငါ' နá€Č့ 'သူတို့' á€Ąá€á€œá€€á€șတေဏ့ 'ဖဌစá€șá€•á€Œá€ź' မဟုတá€șဘá€Č ' ဖဌစá€șá€•á€Œá€ź'
77:11
been’.
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á€œá€­á€Żá€· á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€›á€™á€šá€ș။
77:13
‘We have been riding bikes to school recently.’
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'ငါတို့ ကျေဏငá€șှကို စကá€șဘြှစြှလာတာ á€™á€€á€Œá€Źá€žá€±á€žá€˜á€°á€ž'
77:19
And for the last one,
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နေဏကá€șဆုံသတစá€șခုကတေဏ့
77:20
‘Jenny lately hasn't been helping me.’
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'Jenny က ငါ့ကို ကူညြတာ á€™á€€á€Œá€Źá€žá€±á€žá€˜á€°á€ž'
77:24
The lately is placed wrong in this sentence.
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á€™á€€á€Œá€Źá€žá€±á€žá€™á€źá€€ á€€á€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șသတလငá€ș á€™á€Ÿá€Źá€žá€šá€œá€„á€șá€žá€…á€œá€Ź ထည့á€șသလငá€șှထာှသညá€ș။
77:28
We have to say,
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'ဥခုနေဏကá€șပိုငá€șá€žá€™á€Ÿá€Ź Jenny က ငါ့ကို á€™á€€á€°á€Šá€źá€á€±á€Źá€·á€˜á€°á€ž'
77:30
‘Lately, Jenny hasn't been helping me.’
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á€œá€­á€Żá€·á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€›á€™á€šá€ș ။ á€’á€«á€™á€Ÿá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș
77:35
or we can also say,
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'Jenny က ငါ့ကို ကူညြတာ á€™á€€á€Œá€Źá€žá€±á€žá€˜á€°á€ž'
77:39
‘Jenny hasn't been helping me lately.’
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á€œá€­á€Żá€·á€œá€Šá€șှ á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€”á€­á€Żá€„á€șပါတယá€ș ။
77:43
Let's move on to the next checkup.
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နေဏကá€șတစá€șကဌိမá€ș စစá€șá€†á€±á€žá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€žá€­á€Żá€· ဆကá€șá€žá€œá€Źá€žá€€á€Œá€•á€«á€…á€­á€Żá€·á‹
77:45
In this checkup, we'll talk about the present perfect continuous tense
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ကစစá€șá€†á€±á€žá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€œá€„á€ș၊ ပစá€čစုပá€čပနá€șá€•á€Œá€źá€žá€•á€Œá€Šá€·á€șစုံသေဏ စဉá€șဆကá€șမပဌတá€șတငá€șá€žá€™á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șသနဟင့á€ș á€™á€€á€Œá€Źá€žá€±á€žá€™á€źá€€ ရပá€șတန့á€șá€žá€œá€Źá€žá€žá€±á€Źá€șလညá€șှ
77:50
and how it expresses an action that stopped recently
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ပစá€čစုပá€čပနá€șရလဒá€șကို
77:53
but has a present result.
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ဖေဏá€șပဌသည့á€ș လုပá€șဆေဏငá€șချကá€ș á€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှ ကျလနá€șုပá€șá€á€­á€Żá€·á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€†á€­á€Żá€•á€«á€™á€Šá€ș
77:56
The first sentence says,
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။ á€•á€‘á€™á€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှက
77:58
‘I _blank_ . That's why I'm so sweaty.’
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'I _blank_ . အá€Čá€’á€«á€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș á€á€»á€œá€±á€žá€á€œá€±á€Ąá€›á€™á€șသထလကá€șတယá€ș။'
78:01
The verb here is ‘exercise’.
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á€€á€”á€±á€›á€Źá€á€œá€„á€ș á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€žá€Šá€ș 'လေ့ကျင့á€șခနá€șှ' ဖဌစá€șသညá€ș။
78:04
And the subject is ‘I’.
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á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€á€±á€Źá€· ဘာသာရပá€șက 'ငါ' တá€Č့။
78:06
Do we use ‘has’ or ‘have’ for the subject ‘I’?
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'ငါ' ဘာသာရပá€șá€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș 'has' á€žá€­á€Żá€·á€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș 'have' ကို á€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€•á€«á€žá€œá€Źá€žá‹
78:10
The correct answer is ‘have’.
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á€Ąá€–á€Œá€±á€™á€Ÿá€”á€șက 'ရဟိသညá€ș'။
78:13
Then, we put ‘been’ and then verb ‘-ing’.
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ထို့နေဏကá€ș 'been' နဟင့á€ș á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Ź '-ing' ကို ထည့á€șသညá€ș။
78:21
Okay, so the correct answer is,
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ဟုတá€șá€•á€Œá€ź ဒါဆို á€Ąá€–á€Œá€±á€™á€Ÿá€”á€șက
78:28
‘I have been exercising.
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'ငါ လေ့ကျင့á€șခနá€șှလုပá€șá€”á€±á€•á€Œá€źá‹
78:31
That's why I'm so sweaty.’
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အá€Čá€’á€«á€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș á€á€»á€œá€±á€žá€á€œá€±á€Ąá€›á€™á€șသထလကá€șတယá€ș။'
78:32
That's the result.
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အá€Čဒါ ရလဒá€șပါ။
78:34
The next sentence says,
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နေဏကá€șá€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှက
78:36
‘I'm covered in flour because I _blank_.’
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'ငါ _blank_ á€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș á€‚á€»á€Żá€¶á€™á€Ÿá€Żá€”á€·á€șနá€Č့ ဖုံသနေတယá€ș' တá€Č့။
78:39
And the verb is ‘bake’.
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á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€á€±á€Źá€· á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€€ 'ဖုတá€ș'။
78:42
Take a look.
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ကဌည့á€șပါ။
78:43
I have ‘I'm covered in flour because’
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á€„á€«á€·á€™á€Ÿá€Ź 'မုန့á€șညကá€șá€–á€Żá€¶á€žá€”á€±á€œá€­á€Żá€·' ဆိုတေဏ့
78:47
So this first part is the result.
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ဒြပထမပိုငá€șှက ရလဒá€șပါ။
78:50
I need to show the action that stopped recently in the present perfect continuous tense.
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ပစá€čစုပá€čပနá€ș á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€•á€Œá€Šá€·á€șစုံသေဏ စဉá€șဆကá€șမပဌတá€ș တငá€șá€žá€™á€Źá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€œá€„á€ș á€™á€€á€Œá€Źá€žá€±á€žá€™á€źá€€ ရပá€șတန့á€șခá€Č့သေဏ လုပá€șဆေဏငá€șချကá€șကို ကျလနá€șုပá€ș á€•á€Œá€žá€œá€­á€Żá€•á€«á€žá€Šá€ș။
78:56
Again, the subject is ‘I’.
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နေဏကá€șတစá€șခုက ဘာသာရပá€șက 'ငါ'။
78:58
So we use ‘have been’.
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á€’á€«á€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș ' have been ' ကို သုံသပါတယá€ș။
79:02
Then, all we do is add ‘-ing’ to the end of baking.
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ထို့နေဏကá€ș မုန့á€șဖုတá€șခဌငá€șá€žáá€Ąá€†á€Żá€¶á€žá€á€œá€„á€ș '-ing' ကိုထည့á€șပါ။
79:08
‘I have been baking.’
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'ငါ ဖုတá€șá€•á€Œá€źá€žá€•á€Œá€źá‹' မုန့á€șဖုတá€șá€•á€Œá€źá€žá€•á€Œá€źá€™á€­á€Żá€· မုန့á€șညကá€șနá€Č့ ဖုံသထဏသ
79:12
So again,
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ပဌနá€șတယá€ș ။
79:13
‘I'm covered in flour because I have been baking.’
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á€•á€Œá€źá€žá€á€±á€Źá€· ကျုံ့တဏကို á€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€•á€Œá€źá€ž
79:17
And we can use the contraction and say,
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'ငါ ဖုတá€șá€•á€Œá€źá€žá€•á€Œá€ź'
79:20
‘I've been baking.’
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á€œá€­á€Żá€· á€•á€Œá€±á€Źá€”á€­á€Żá€„á€șပါတယá€ș
79:22
Now, find the mistake in the next sentence.
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။ ကá€Č နေဏကá€șá€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șá€žá€™á€Ÿá€Ź á€Ąá€™á€Ÿá€Źá€žá€€á€­á€Żá€›á€Ÿá€Źá€•á€«á‹
79:26
‘She has think a lot, so she has a headache.’
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'သူမက á€Ąá€™á€»á€Źá€žá€€á€Œá€źá€žá€á€œá€±á€žá€”á€±á€á€±á€Źá€· ခေါငá€șှကိုကá€șတယá€ș။'
79:33
Take a look.
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ကဌည့á€șပါ။
79:35
The result is that ‘she has a headache.’
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ရလဒá€șကတေဏ့ 'သူမ ခေါငá€șှကိုကá€șနေတယá€ș' တá€Č့။
79:38
So we need to use the present perfect continuous for the first part.
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á€’á€«á€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€·á€ș ပထမပိုငá€șá€žá€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș ပစá€čစုပá€čပနá€șá€•á€Œá€źá€žá€•á€Œá€Šá€·á€șစုံတá€Č့ စဉá€șဆကá€șမပဌတá€șကို သုံသဖို့ á€œá€­á€Żá€•á€«á€á€šá€ș။
79:42
‘She has’ is correct.
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'á€žá€°á€·á€™á€Ÿá€Ź' မဟနá€șတယá€ș။
79:45
What's missing?
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á€˜á€Źá€•á€»á€±á€Źá€€á€șá€”á€±á€á€Źá€œá€Č။
79:47
Don't forget the ‘been’.
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'ဖဌစá€șဖူှသညá€ș' ကို မမေ့ပါနဟင့á€ș။
79:50
Also don't forget that we need to add ‘-ing’ to the verb.
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á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źá€á€œá€„á€ș '-ing' ထည့á€șရနá€șလညá€șှ လိုအပá€șá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှ မမေ့ပါနဟင့á€ș။
79:55
‘She has been thinking a lot, so she has a headache.’
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'သူမ á€Ąá€™á€»á€Źá€žá€€á€Œá€źá€žá€á€œá€±á€žá€”á€±á€á€±á€Źá€· ခေါငá€șှကိုကá€șနေတယá€ș'
80:02
Look at the next sentence and find the mistake.
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နေဏကá€șá€…á€Źá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șá€žá€€á€­á€Żá€€á€Œá€Šá€·á€șá€•á€Œá€źá€ž á€Ąá€™á€Ÿá€Źá€žá€€á€­á€Żá€›á€Ÿá€Źá€•á€«á‹
80:05
‘I'm so hungry because I have been diet.’
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'ငါက ဥစဏသဥသေဏကá€ș á€™á€…á€Źá€žá€œá€­á€Żá€· ဗိုကá€șအရမá€șှဆာတယá€ș။'
80:11
The only mistake here is that someone forgot to put the ‘-ing’ at the end of the verb,
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á€€á€”á€±á€›á€Źá€á€œá€„á€ș တစá€șခုတညá€șá€žá€žá€±á€Źá€Ąá€™á€Ÿá€Źá€žá€™á€Ÿá€Ź á€€á€Œá€­á€šá€Źáá€Ąá€†á€Żá€¶á€žá€á€œá€„á€ș '-ing' ကို
80:17
‘diet’.
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'ဥစဏသဥသေဏကá€ș' ထည့á€șရနá€ș á€™á€±á€·á€žá€œá€Źá€žá€á€Œá€„á€șှပငá€șဖဌစá€șသညá€ș။
80:19
The correct answer is,
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á€Ąá€–á€Œá€±á€™á€Ÿá€”á€șက
80:21
‘I'm so hungry because I have been dieting.’
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'ငါ ဗိုကá€șအရမá€șá€žá€†á€Źá€”á€±á€œá€­á€Żá€·' တá€Č့။
80:26
Great job, everyone.
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ကေဏငá€șှတá€Čá€·á€Ąá€œá€Żá€•á€ș၊ လူတိုငá€șှ။
80:28
Let's move on.
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ဆကá€șá€€á€Œá€›á€Ąá€±á€Źá€„á€ș။
80:29
Thank you so much for watching this grammar course on the present tense.
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ပစá€čစုပá€čပနá€șá€€á€Źá€œá€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș ကသဒá€čဒါသငá€șတနá€șှကို ကဌည့á€șá€›á€Ÿá€Żá€žá€Šá€·á€șá€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș အထူှပငá€șကျေသဇူသတငá€șရဟိပါသညá€ș။
80:34
Now, I want you to watch the next grammar course on the past tense.
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ယခုသငá€șသညá€ș အတိတá€șá€€á€Źá€œáá€”á€±á€Źá€€á€șထပá€șသဒá€čဒါသငá€șတနá€șှကို ကဌည့á€șá€…á€±á€œá€­á€Żá€•á€«á€žá€Šá€ș။
80:37
I’ll see you there.
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á€Ÿá€­á€Żá€™á€Ÿá€Źá€á€œá€±á€·á€™á€šá€ș။
ကဝဘá€șဆိုဒá€șá€Ąá€€á€Œá€±á€Źá€„á€șှ

ကဆိုကá€șသညá€ș သင့á€șအာှ အငá€șá€čဂလိပá€șá€…á€Źá€œá€±á€·á€œá€Źá€›á€”á€șá€Ąá€á€œá€€á€ș á€Ąá€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€á€„á€șသေဏ YouTube á€—á€źá€’á€źá€šá€­á€Żá€™á€»á€Źá€žá€”á€Ÿá€„á€·á€ș မိတá€șဆကá€șပေသပါမညá€ș။ ကမá€čဘာတစá€șဝဟမá€șသမဟ ထိပá€șတနá€șသဆရဏမျဏသ သငá€șá€€á€Œá€Źá€žá€•á€±á€žá€žá€±á€Ź အငá€șá€čဂလိပá€șစာသငá€șခနá€șသစဏမျဏသကို သငá€șတလေ့မဌငá€șရပါမညá€ș။ ဗဟဒဟယိုစဏမျကá€șá€”á€Ÿá€Źá€á€…á€șá€á€Żá€…á€źá€á€œá€„á€ș á€•á€Œá€žá€‘á€Źá€žá€žá€Šá€·á€ș အငá€șá€čဂလိပá€șစာတနá€șသထိုသမျဏသကို နဟစá€șချကá€șနဟိပá€șပါ။ စာတနá€șသထိုသမျဏသသညá€ș á€—á€źá€’á€źá€šá€­á€Żá€•á€Œá€”á€șဖလင့á€șခဌငá€șသနဟင့á€șအတူ ထပá€șá€á€°á€•á€Œá€Żá လဟိမ့á€șá€žá€œá€Źá€žá€”á€­á€Żá€„á€șသညá€ș။ သင့á€șတလငá€ș မဟတá€șချကá€șမျဏသ á€žá€­á€Żá€·á€™á€Ÿá€Żá€á€ș တေဏငá€șá€žá€†á€­á€Żá€™á€Ÿá€Żá€™á€»á€Źá€žá€›á€Ÿá€­á€•á€«á€€ ကဆကá€șသလယá€șရနá€șပုံစံကို á€Ąá€žá€Żá€¶á€žá€•á€Œá€Żá ကျလနá€șုပá€șတို့ထံ ဆကá€șသလယá€șပါ။

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