PRESENT TENSE | Simple, Continuous, Perfect | Learn English Grammar Course

706,155 views ใƒป 2021-10-06

Shaw English Online


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚

00:00
Hi, everybody.
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ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€็š†ใ•ใ‚“ใ€‚
00:01
Iโ€™m Esther.
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็งใฏใ‚จใ‚นใ‚ฟใƒผใงใ™ใ€‚
00:02
Welcome to the grammar video.
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ๆ–‡ๆณ•ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใธใ‚ˆใ†ใ“ใใ€‚
00:04
In this video, I will introduce the present tense.
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ใ“ใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใงใฏ็พๅœจๅฝขใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:07
Itโ€™s a very important tense for learning English.
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่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ๅญฆใถไธŠใงใจใฆใ‚‚้‡่ฆใชๆ™‚ๅˆถใงใ™ใ€‚
00:11
In this video, I will introduce the present simple, the present continuous, the present
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ใ“ใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใงใฏใ€็พๅœจๅ˜็ด”ใ€็พๅœจ้€ฒ่กŒๅฝขใ€็พๅœจ
00:17
perfect, and the present perfect continuous tense.
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ๅฎŒไบ†ใ€็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†้€ฃ็ถšๆ™‚ๅˆถใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:21
Thereโ€™s a lot to learn, so keep watching.
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ๅญฆใถในใใ“ใจใŒใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ๅผ•ใ็ถšใ่ฆ‹ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
00:24
And letโ€™s get started.
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
00:26
Hi, everybody.
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ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€็š†ใ•ใ‚“ใ€‚
00:28
My name is Esther.
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็งใฎๅๅ‰ใฏใ‚จใ‚นใ‚ฟใƒผใงใ™ใ€‚
00:34
I'm so excited to teach you the present simple tense in today's video.
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ไปŠๆ—ฅใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใง็พๅœจๅ˜็ด”ๆ™‚ๅˆถใ‚’ๆ•™ใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใฆใจใฆใ‚‚่ˆˆๅฅฎใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:39
Now this lesson can be a little difficult,
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ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใฏๅฐ‘ใ—้›ฃใ—ใ„ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€
00:42
so I'll do my best to keep it easy and fun for you.
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็š†ใ•ใ‚“ใซใจใฃใฆ็ฐกๅ˜ใงๆฅฝใ—ใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใซใชใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ๆœ€ๅ–„ใ‚’ๅฐฝใใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:45
My goal is for you to understand how and when to use this grammar by the end of the video.
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็งใฎ็›ฎๆจ™ใฏใ€ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๆœ€ๅพŒใพใงใซใ€ใ“ใฎๆ–‡ๆณ•ใ‚’ใ„ใคใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚Œใฐใ‚ˆใ„ใ‹ใ‚’็†่งฃใ—ใฆใ„ใŸใ ใใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
00:52
Let's get started.
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ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
00:56
Let's start with the first usage for the present simple tense.
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็พๅœจๅ˜็ด”ๆ™‚ๅˆถใฎๆœ€ๅˆใฎ็”จๆณ•ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
01:00
The first usage is pretty easy.
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ๆœ€ๅˆใฎไฝฟ็”จๆ–นๆณ•ใฏ้žๅธธใซ็ฐกๅ˜ใงใ™ใ€‚
01:02
We use it to talk about facts, truths, and generalizations.
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็งใŸใกใฏไบ‹ๅฎŸใ€็œŸๅฎŸใ€ไธ€่ˆฌ่ซ–ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใŸใ‚ใซใใ‚Œใ‚’ไฝฟใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:07
Let's look at some examples.
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ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎไพ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
01:08
โ€˜The Sun is bright.โ€™
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ใ€Œๅคช้™ฝใฏๆ˜Žใ‚‹ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€
01:11
Now that's a fact.
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ใใ‚Œใฏไบ‹ๅฎŸใงใ™ใ€‚
01:13
It doesn't change.
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ใใ‚Œใฏๅค‰ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
01:14
Everybody knows that the Sun is bright.
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ๅคช้™ฝใŒๆ˜Žใ‚‹ใ„ใ“ใจใฏ่ชฐใ‚‚ใŒ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:16
It was bright yesterday.
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ๆ˜จๆ—ฅใฏๆ˜Žใ‚‹ใ‹ใฃใŸใงใ™ใญใ€‚
01:18
It's bright today.
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ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏๆ˜Žใ‚‹ใ„ใงใ™ใญใ€‚
01:19
And it will be bright tomorrow.
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ใใ—ใฆๆ˜Žๆ—ฅใฏๆ˜Žใ‚‹ใ„ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
01:21
That makes it a fact.
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ใใ‚Œใฏไบ‹ๅฎŸใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
01:23
โ€˜Pigs don't fly.โ€™
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ใ€Œ่ฑšใฏ้ฃ›ในใชใ„ใ€‚ใ€
01:25
That's also a fact.
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ใใ‚Œใ‚‚ไบ‹ๅฎŸใงใ™ใ€‚
01:26
Everybody knows that pigs don't fly.
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่ฑšใŒ็ฉบใ‚’้ฃ›ในใชใ„ใ“ใจใฏ่ชฐใ‚‚ใŒ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:30
โ€˜Cats are better than dogs.โ€™
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ใ€Œ็Œซใฏ็Šฌใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚ๅ„ชใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
01:33
Now this you may not agree with.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒใซใฏๅŒๆ„ใงใใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
01:35
This is my truth.
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ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒ็งใฎ็œŸๅฎŸใงใ™ใ€‚
01:36
I'm making a generalization about cats and dogs in this example.
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ใ“ใฎไพ‹ใงใฏใ€็Œซใจ็Šฌใซใคใ„ใฆไธ€่ˆฌๅŒ–ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:42
And finally, โ€˜It's cold in winter.โ€™
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ใใ—ใฆๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ€Œๅ†ฌใฏๅฏ’ใ„ใ€ใ€‚
01:45
This really depends on where you live, but for a lot of people, or let's say for
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ใ“ใ‚ŒใฏๅฎŸ้š›ใซใ‚ใชใŸใŒไฝใ‚“ใงใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๆ‰€ใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆ็•ฐใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€ๅคšใใฎไบบใซใจใฃใฆใ€ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏ
01:49
most people, it is cold in the winter,
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ใปใจใ‚“ใฉใฎไบบใซใจใฃใฆใ€ๅ†ฌใฏๅฏ’ใ„ใฎใงใ€
01:52
so that's the truth for some people.
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ใใ‚ŒใŒไธ€้ƒจใฎไบบใซใจใฃใฆใฎ็œŸๅฎŸใงใ™ใ€‚
01:56
Now let's look back and see what verb I used in the present simple tense.
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ใงใฏใ€้ŽๅŽปใ‚’ๆŒฏใ‚Š่ฟ”ใฃใฆใ€็พๅœจๅ˜็ด”ๆ™‚ๅˆถใงใฉใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใŸใ‹่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
02:02
For the first sentence, we have โ€˜isโ€™.
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ๆœ€ๅˆใฎๆ–‡ใซใฏใ€Œisใ€ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
02:04
I use the โ€˜beโ€™ verb โ€˜isโ€™ to talk about the Sun.
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็งใฏๅคช้™ฝใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใจใใซใ€Œbeใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใ€Œisใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:09
In the next sentence, I use the negative of do - โ€˜do notโ€™
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ๆฌกใฎๆ–‡ใงใฏใ€do ใฎๅฆๅฎšๅฝขใ€ใคใพใ‚Šใ€Œdo notใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:15
And you'll notice I use the contraction and put these two words together to make it โ€˜don'tโ€™.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€็Ÿญ็ธฎๅฝขใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ 2 ใคใฎๅ˜่ชžใ‚’็ต„ใฟๅˆใ‚ใ›ใฆใ€Œdon'tใ€ใซใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆฐ—ใฅใใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
02:22
โ€˜Cats are better than dogs.โ€™
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ใ€Œ็Œซใฏ็Šฌใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚ๅ„ชใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
02:25
I use the โ€˜beโ€™ verb "are" to talk about cats because โ€˜catsโ€™ is plural.
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ใ€Œcatsใ€ใฏ่ค‡ๆ•ฐๅฝขใชใฎใงใ€็Œซใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใจใใฏใ€Œbeใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใ€Œareใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:31
And finally, it's cold and winter.
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ใใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚ˆใ„ใ‚ˆๅฏ’ใใฆๅ†ฌใงใ™ใ€‚
02:34
Here I use the โ€˜beโ€™ verb "is" again,
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ใ“ใ“ใงใ‚‚ be ๅ‹•่ฉžใฎ is ใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€
02:37
but I use the contraction to combine โ€˜itโ€™ and โ€˜isโ€™
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็Ÿญ็ธฎใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆ it ใจ is ใ‚’็ต„ใฟๅˆใ‚ใ›ใฆ
02:42
and made โ€˜itโ€™sโ€™.
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it's ใซใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:44
Let's move on to the next usage.
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ๆฌกใฎไฝฟใ„ๆ–นใซ็งปใ‚Šใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
02:47
We also use the present simple tense to talk about habits and routines.
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็ฟ’ๆ…ฃใ‚„ๆ—ฅ่ชฒใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใจใใ‚‚็พๅœจๅฝขใ‚’ไฝฟใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:52
So things and actions that happen regularly.
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ๅฎšๆœŸ็š„ใซ่ตทใ“ใ‚‹็‰ฉไบ‹ใ‚„่กŒๅ‹•ใ€‚
02:55
Letโ€™s look at the examples.
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ไพ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
02:56
โ€˜I always eat lunch at noon.โ€™
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ใ€Œ็งใฏใ„ใคใ‚‚ๆญฃๅˆใซๆ˜ผ้ฃŸใ‚’้ฃŸในใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
03:00
You'll notice I use the adverb โ€˜alwaysโ€™ because I'm talking about something that I
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็งใŒๅฎšๆœŸ็š„ใซ่กŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ๅ‰ฏ่ฉžใ€Œๅธธใซใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆฐ—ใฅใใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
03:05
do regularly.
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ใ€‚
03:06
What is that?
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ใใ‚Œใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
03:07
โ€˜Eat lunch at noon.โ€™
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ใ€Œๆญฃๅˆใซๆ˜ผ้ฃŸใ‚’้ฃŸในใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ใ€
03:09
So I use the present simple tense.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๅ˜็ด”ใช็พๅœจๅฝขใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:11
And here I use the verb โ€˜eatโ€™.
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ใ“ใ“ใงใฏใ€Œ้ฃŸในใ‚‹ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ไฝฟใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:14
โ€˜I eatโ€ฆโ€™
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ใ€Œ็งใฏโ€ฆใ‚’้ฃŸในใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
03:16
The second example says you play games every day.
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2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎไพ‹ใงใฏใ€ๆฏŽๆ—ฅใ‚ฒใƒผใƒ ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจ่ฟฐในใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:20
Do you see the clue that helps you know that this is something that happens regularly?
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ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒๅฎšๆœŸ็š„ใซ่ตทใ“ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็Ÿฅใ‚‹ๆ‰‹ใŒใ‹ใ‚ŠใŒ่ฆ‹ใคใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ‹?
03:25
It's โ€˜every dayโ€™.
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ€ŒๆฏŽๆ—ฅใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
03:26
So it's something that happens as a routine or a habit,
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ๆ—ฅ่ชฒใ‚„็ฟ’ๆ…ฃใจใ—ใฆ
03:30
so you play games.
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ใ‚ฒใƒผใƒ ใ‚’ใƒ—ใƒฌใ‚คใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใชใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
03:32
The verb here is โ€˜playโ€™.
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ใ“ใ“ใงใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใฏใ€Œ้Šใถใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
03:34
โ€˜You playโ€ฆโ€™
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ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใฏโ€ฆใ‚’ใƒ—ใƒฌใ‚คใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
03:36
The next example says โ€˜Seth starts work at 9:00 a.m. daily.โ€™
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ๆฌกใฎไพ‹ใงใฏใ€ใ€Œใ‚ปใ‚นใฏๆฏŽๆ—ฅๅˆๅ‰ 9 ๆ™‚ใซไป•ไบ‹ใ‚’ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€ ใจ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
03:42
Again this is something that happens regularly.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‚ๅฎšๆœŸ็š„ใซ่ตทใ“ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
03:44
โ€˜Seth goes to work at 9:00 a.m.โ€™ every day.
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ใ€Œใ‚ปใ‚นใฏๆฏŽๆ—ฅๅˆๅ‰9ๆ™‚ใซไป•ไบ‹ใซ่กŒใใพใ™ใ€ใ€‚
03:49
Now you'll notice I put a blue line under the โ€˜sโ€™ in โ€˜startsโ€™.
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ใ€Œstartsใ€ใฎใ€Œsใ€ใฎไธ‹ใซ้’ใ„็ทšใ‚’ๅ…ฅใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆฐ—ใฅใใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
03:54
Can you figure out why?
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็†็”ฑใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹?
03:56
Well remember that when the subject of a sentence is โ€˜heโ€™, โ€˜sheโ€™, or โ€˜itโ€™,
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ๆ–‡ใฎไธป่ชžใŒใ€Œๅฝผใ€ใ€ใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใ€ใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œใใ‚Œใ€ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€
04:01
we need to add an โ€˜sโ€™ or โ€˜esโ€™ to the end of the verb in the present simple tense.
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็พๅœจๅ˜็ด”ๆ™‚ๅˆถใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใฎๆœซๅฐพใซใ€Œsใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œesใ€ใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
04:08
Seth is a โ€˜heโ€™, so we need to add an โ€˜sโ€™.
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Seth ใฏใ€Œheใ€ใชใฎใงใ€ใ€Œsใ€ใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
04:12
โ€˜Seth starts work at 9:00 a.m. daily.โ€™
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ใ€Œใ‚ปใ‚นใฏๆฏŽๆ—ฅๅˆๅ‰ 9 ๆ™‚ใซไป•ไบ‹ใ‚’ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
04:16
And the last example: โ€˜They study English every Monday.โ€™
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ใใ—ใฆๆœ€ๅพŒใฎไพ‹: ใ€Œๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๆฏŽ้€ฑๆœˆๆ›œๆ—ฅใซ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
04:20
Again, โ€˜every Mondayโ€™ means that they do it regularly,
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็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ€ŒๆฏŽ้€ฑๆœˆๆ›œๆ—ฅใ€ใฏๅฎšๆœŸ็š„ใซ่กŒใ†ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€
04:25
and that's why we use the present simple tense.
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ๅ˜็ด”็พๅœจๅฝขใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:28
โ€˜They studyโ€ฆโ€™.
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ใ€Œๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใพใ™โ€ฆใ€ใ€‚
04:30
So as a review, remember we use the present simple tense
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ๅพฉ็ฟ’ใจใ—ใฆใ€
04:33
to talk about habits and routines that happen regularly.
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ๅฎšๆœŸ็š„ใซ่กŒใ‚ใ‚Œใ‚‹็ฟ’ๆ…ฃใ‚„ใƒซใƒผใƒใƒณใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใจใใฏ็พๅœจๅฝขใ‚’ไฝฟใ†ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ€ใ„ๅ‡บใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
04:38
Let's move on.
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ๆฌกใธ็งปใ‚Šใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
04:39
We also use the present simple tense with non-continuous verbs.
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้ž้€ฃ็ถšๅ‹•่ฉžใงใฏ็พๅœจๅ˜็ด”ๆ™‚ๅˆถใ‚‚ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏ
04:44
These are verbs that we don't use in the continuous form,
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ใ€ใŸใจใˆไปŠ่ตทใ“ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ—ใฆใ‚‚
04:47
even if they're happening right now.
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ใ€็ถ™็ถšๅฝขใงใฏไฝฟ็”จใ—ใชใ„ๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ ใ€‚
04:50
They're also called stative verbs.
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็Šถๆ…‹ๅ‹•่ฉžใจใ‚‚ๅ‘ผใฐใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
04:52
These are connected with thoughts, opinions, feelings, emotions, and our five senses.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏๆ€่€ƒใ€ๆ„่ฆ‹ใ€ๆ„Ÿๆƒ…ใ€ๆ„Ÿๆƒ…ใ€ใใ—ใฆ็งใŸใกใฎไบ”ๆ„Ÿใจ็ตใณใคใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:59
Let's look at these examples.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎไพ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
05:00
โ€˜I love my mom.โ€™
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'็งใฏ็งใฎใŠๆฏใ•ใ‚“ใŒๅคงๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ€‚'
05:02
The verb here is โ€˜loveโ€™.
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ใ“ใ“ใงใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใฏใ€Œๆ„›ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
05:04
That's an emotion, so I use the present simple tense.
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ใใ‚Œใฏๆ„Ÿๆƒ…ใชใฎใงใ€็พๅœจๅ˜็ด”ๆ™‚ๅˆถใ‚’ไฝฟใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:08
โ€˜It smells good.โ€™
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ใ€Œใ„ใ„ๅŒ‚ใ„ใŒใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ€‚ใ€
05:10
โ€˜Smellโ€™ is one of the five senses, so I use the present simple tense.
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ใ€ŒๅŒ‚ใ„ใ€ใฏไบ”ๆ„Ÿใฎไธ€ใคใชใฎใง็พๅœจๅฝขใ‚’ไฝฟใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:15
You'll notice I underlined the โ€˜sโ€™ because remember the subject is โ€˜itโ€™.
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ไธป่ชžใŒใ€Œitใ€ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ€ใ„ๅ‡บใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ใ€Œsใ€ใซไธ‹็ทšใ‚’ๅผ•ใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆฐ—ใฅใใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
05:21
โ€˜Kelly feels happy.โ€™
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ใ€Œใ‚ฑใƒชใƒผใฏๅนธใ›ใ‚’ๆ„Ÿใ˜ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
05:25
This is talking about a feeling.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๆ„Ÿๆƒ…ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:27
Again the subject here is โ€˜Kellyโ€™ which is a โ€˜sheโ€™,
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ใ“ใ“ใงใ‚‚ไธป่ชžใฏใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใ€ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€ŒKellyใ€
05:31
so I added an โ€˜sโ€™ to the verb.
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ใชใฎใงใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใซใ€Œsใ€ใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
05:34
And finally, โ€˜They need help.โ€™
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ใใ—ใฆๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ€ใ€Œๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๅŠฉใ‘ใŒๅฟ…่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€
05:37
We don't say, โ€˜they are needing helpโ€™ even though it's happening right now.
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ใŸใจใˆใใ‚ŒใŒไปŠ่ตทใ“ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ€็งใŸใกใฏใ€Œๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๅŠฉใ‘ใ‚’ๅฟ…่ฆใจใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใจใฏ่จ€ใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
05:42
โ€˜Needโ€™ is non-continuous, so we say, โ€˜they need helpโ€™,
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ใ€Œๅฟ…่ฆใ€ใฏ้ž้€ฃ็ถšใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ใ€Œๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๅŠฉใ‘ใŒๅฟ…่ฆใงใ™ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:46
so remember you also use the present simple tense with non-continuous verbs,
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ๆ€่€ƒใ€ๆ„่ฆ‹ใ€ๆ„Ÿๆƒ…ใ€ๆ„Ÿๆƒ…ใ€ใใ—ใฆไบ”ๆ„Ÿใซ้–ข้€ฃใ™ใ‚‹ ้ž้€ฃ็ถšๅ‹•่ฉžใงใฏ็พๅœจๅฝขใ‚‚ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
05:52
connected with thoughts, opinions, feelings, emotions, and our five senses.
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ใ€‚
05:57
Let's move on.
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ๆฌกใธ็งปใ‚Šใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
05:58
Speakers occasionally use the present simple tense to talk about something that will happen
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่ฉฑ่€…ใฏ ใ€่ฟ‘ใ„ๅฐ†ๆฅใซ ่ตทใ“ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใŸใ‚ใซใ€ๆ™‚ๆŠ˜็พๅœจๅ˜็ด”ๆ™‚ๅˆถใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™
06:03
in the near future.
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ใ€‚
06:05
Now this can be a little confusing, but we're not using the future tense,
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ๅฐ‘ใ—ๆททไนฑใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ๆœชๆฅๆ™‚ๅˆถใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใงใฏใชใใ€
06:10
we're using the present simple tense.
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ๅ˜็ด”ใช็พๅœจๆ™‚ๅˆถใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:12
It's possible to do that and it's actually common for people to do that.
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ใใ‚Œใฏๅฏ่ƒฝใงใ™ใ—ใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใใ†ใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใŒไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใงใ™ใ€‚
06:16
Again, for something that will happen in the near future.
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็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€่ฟ‘ใ„ๅฐ†ๆฅใซ่ตทใ“ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใคใ„ใฆใ€‚
06:20
Let's look at the examples.
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ไพ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
06:22
โ€˜I have class at 6 p.m.โ€™
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ใ€ŒๅˆๅพŒ 6 ๆ™‚ใซๆŽˆๆฅญใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€
06:25
โ€˜6 p.m.โ€™ that's pretty soon, so I can say,
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ใ€ŒๅˆๅพŒ 6 ๆ™‚ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใฎใฏใ‹ใชใ‚Šๆ—ฉใ„ๆ™‚้–“ใชใฎใงใ€
06:28
'I have class.'
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ใ€ŒๆŽˆๆฅญใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€ ใจ่จ€ใˆใพใ™
06:30
- the present simple tense.
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ใ€‚ - ็พๅœจใฎๅ˜็ด”ๆ™‚ๅˆถใ€‚
06:32
โ€˜Lisa arrives on Sunday.โ€™
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ใ€Œใƒชใ‚ตใฏๆ—ฅๆ›œๆ—ฅใซๅˆฐ็€ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
06:35
Again the near future, โ€˜Sundayโ€™.
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ๅ†ใณ่ฟ‘ๆœชๆฅใ€ใ€Œๆ—ฅๆ›œๆ—ฅใ€ใ€‚
06:38
So I use the present simple tense.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๅ˜็ด”ใช็พๅœจๅฝขใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:41
I added an โ€˜sโ€™ at the end of arrive, because Lisa, the subject, is a โ€˜sheโ€™.
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ไธป้กŒใฎใƒชใ‚ตใฏใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใ€ใชใฎใงใ€arrivใฎๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ€Œsใ€ใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
06:48
โ€˜We start work soon.โ€™
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ใ€Œใ‚‚ใ†ใ™ใไป•ไบ‹ใŒๅง‹ใพใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
06:51
Again, the near future, โ€˜soonโ€™,
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็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€่ฟ‘ใ„ๅฐ†ๆฅใ€ใ€Œใ™ใใซใ€
06:53
so I use the present simple verb โ€˜startโ€™.
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ใชใฎใงใ€็พๅœจๅ˜็ด”ใชๅ‹•่ฉžใ€Œstartใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:58
And finally, โ€˜My students come tomorrow.โ€™
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ใใ—ใฆๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ€ใ€Œๆ˜Žๆ—ฅ็”Ÿๅพ’ใŸใกใŒๆฅใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
07:01
This is something that will happen in the near future,
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่ฟ‘ใ„ๅฐ†ๆฅใซ่ตทใ“ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใช
07:05
so I use the verb โ€˜comeโ€™.
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ใฎใงใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใ€Œcomeใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
07:08
So remember it is possible, and it is common to use the present simple tense
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๅฏ่ƒฝใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ่ฟ‘ใ„ๅฐ†ๆฅใซ่ตทใ“ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ๅ ดๅˆใฏ
07:13
to talk about something that will happen in the near future.
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็พๅœจๅ˜็ด”ๆ™‚ๅˆถใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใŒไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใงใ™ ใ€‚
07:18
Let's go to the next usage.
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ๆฌกใฎไฝฟใ„ๆ–นใซ่กŒใใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
07:19
Let's talk about a possible negative usage for the present simple tense,
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็พๅœจๅ˜็ด”ๆ™‚ๅˆถใฎๅฆๅฎš็š„ใช็”จๆณ•ใจใ—ใฆ่€ƒใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใ€
07:23
and that is โ€˜do notโ€™ and โ€˜does notโ€™.
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ€Œdo notใ€ใจใ€Œdos notใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
07:27
The first example says, โ€˜Mike eats bread.โ€™
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ๆœ€ๅˆใฎไพ‹ใฏใ€ใ€Œใƒžใ‚คใ‚ฏใฏใƒ‘ใƒณใ‚’้ฃŸในใ‚‹ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
07:31
I put an โ€˜sโ€™ at the end of โ€˜eatโ€™ because the subject is Mike which is a โ€˜heโ€™.
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ไธป่ชžใŒใ€Œๅฝผใ€ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ Mike ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ใ€Œeatใ€ใฎๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ€Œsใ€ใ‚’ไป˜ใ‘ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
07:37
Now that's not a negative statement.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅฆๅฎš็š„ใช็™บ่จ€ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
07:40
What happens when I want to turn it into a negative statement?
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ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅฆๅฎš็š„ใช่กจ็พใซๅค‰ใˆใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใฉใ†ใ™ใ‚Œใฐใ‚ˆใ„ใงใ™ใ‹?
07:43
Well I change it like this - โ€˜Mike doesn't eat bread.โ€™
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ใ•ใฆใ€็งใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆฌกใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๅค‰ๆ›ดใ—ใพใ™ - ใ€Œใƒžใ‚คใ‚ฏใฏใƒ‘ใƒณใ‚’้ฃŸในใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ใ€‚
07:47
So you'll notice that I didn't move the โ€˜sโ€™ here, okay.
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ใ“ใ“ใงใฏใ€Œsใ€ใ‚’็งปๅ‹•ใ—ใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
07:52
Instead I added โ€˜doesn'tโ€™.
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ไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใซใ€Œใ—ใชใ„ใ€ใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
07:53
I took โ€˜doesโ€™ and โ€˜notโ€™ and I turned it into a contraction by combining the two
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ใ€Œdoesใ€ใจใ€Œnotใ€ใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚Šๅ‡บใ—ใ€ใใฎ 2 ใคใ‚’็ต„ใฟๅˆใ‚ใ›ใฆ
08:00
and making it โ€˜doesn'tโ€™.
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ใ€Œdoesn'tใ€ใซใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใง็Ÿญ็ธฎๅฝขใซใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
08:02
So if the subject is โ€˜heโ€™, โ€˜sheโ€™, or โ€˜itโ€™,
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ไธป่ชžใŒใ€Œๅฝผใ€ใ€ใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใ€ใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œใใ‚Œใ€ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€
08:06
we use โ€˜does notโ€™ or โ€˜doesn'tโ€™ to make it negative.
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ใ€Œใ—ใชใ„ใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œใ—ใชใ„ใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆๅฆๅฎš็š„ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
08:10
โ€˜You swim well.โ€™
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ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใฏไธŠๆ‰‹ใซๆณณใŽใพใ™ใญใ€‚ใ€
08:12
In this case, I don't need to put an โ€˜sโ€™ at the end of โ€˜swimโ€™ because the subject
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ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ไธป่ชžใฏใ€Œyouใ€ใชใฎใงใ€ใ€Œswimใ€ใฎๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ€Œsใ€ใ‚’ไป˜ใ‘ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
08:17
is โ€˜youโ€™.
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ใ€‚
08:18
If I want to make this sentence negative, I use โ€˜don'tโ€™.
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ใ“ใฎๆ–‡ใ‚’ๅฆๅฎš็š„ใชๆ–‡ใซใ—ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใ€Œdon'tใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
08:23
โ€˜You don't swim well.โ€™
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ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใฏๆณณใŽใŒ่‹ฆๆ‰‹ใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€
08:26
I use the contraction for โ€˜doโ€™ and โ€˜notโ€™.
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็งใฏใ€Œdoใ€ใจใ€Œnotใ€ใฎ็Ÿญ็ธฎๅฝขใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
08:29
I combine them to make โ€˜don'tโ€™,
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ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’็ต„ใฟๅˆใ‚ใ›ใฆใ€Œdon'tใ€ใ‚’ไฝœใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€
08:32
so if the subject is โ€˜Iโ€™, โ€˜youโ€™, โ€˜weโ€™, or โ€˜theyโ€™,
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ไธป่ชžใŒใ€ŒIใ€ใ€Œyouใ€ใ€Œweใ€ใ€Œtheyใ€ใฎๅ ดๅˆใฏ
08:36
we use โ€˜do notโ€™ or โ€˜don'tโ€™.
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ใ€Œdo notใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œdon'tใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
08:40
So to review โ€˜do notโ€™ and โ€˜does notโ€™ or โ€˜don'tโ€™ and โ€˜doesn'tโ€™
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ€Œใ—ใชใ„ใ€ใจใ€Œใ—ใชใ„ใ€ใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œใ—ใชใ„ใ€ใจใ€Œใ—ใชใ„ใ€ใ‚’ๅพฉ็ฟ’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใ€
08:45
is a possible usage for the negative for present simple
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็พๅœจๅ˜็ด”ๆ™‚ๅˆถใฎๅฆๅฎšใฎไฝฟ็”จๆณ•ใจใ—ใฆ่€ƒใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ™
08:49
tense.
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ใ€‚
08:50
Let's continue on.
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็ถšใ‘ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
08:51
Now I'll talk about one possible question form for the present simple tense
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ใ“ใ“ใงใ€ๅ˜็ด”็พๅœจๅฝขใง่€ƒใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹็–‘ๅ•ๅฝขใฎ 1 ใคใซใคใ„ใฆ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
08:56
and that is by using โ€˜doโ€™ or โ€˜doesโ€™.
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ€ใ€Œdoใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œdoesใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
09:00
So let's look at the example, โ€˜They live here.โ€™
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ใ€Œๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ“ใ“ใซไฝใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ไพ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
09:04
That's not a question, right?
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ใใ‚Œใฏ่ณชๅ•ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
09:05
'They live hereโ€™
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ใ€Œๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ“ใ“ใซไฝใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ™ใ€
09:07
In order to turn it into a question, it's really simple.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่ณชๅ•ใซๅค‰ใˆใ‚‹ใจใ€ใจใฆใ‚‚็ฐกๅ˜ใงใ™ใ€‚
09:11
All I have to do is add โ€˜doโ€™ to the beginning and add a question mark at the end.
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ๅ…ˆ้ ญใซใ€Œdoใ€ใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ—ใ€ๆœ€ๅพŒใซ็–‘ๅ•็ฌฆใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚
09:16
โ€˜Do they live here?โ€™
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ใ€Œๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ“ใ“ใซไฝใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€
09:19
So if the subject is โ€˜Iโ€™, โ€˜youโ€™, โ€˜weโ€™, or โ€˜theyโ€™,
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ไธป่ชžใŒใ€Œ็งใ€ใ€ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใ€ใ€ใ€Œ็งใŸใกใ€ใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œๅฝผใ‚‰ใ€ใฎๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€
09:23
simply add โ€˜doโ€™ to the beginning of the question.
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่ณชๅ•ใฎๅ…ˆ้ ญใซใ€Œdoใ€ใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚
09:26
How about this one, โ€˜He plays soccer.โ€™
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใฉใ†ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ใ€ใ€Œๅฝผใฏใ‚ตใƒƒใ‚ซใƒผใ‚’ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
09:30
In this statement, the subject is โ€˜heโ€™ and that's why you should know by now,
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ใ“ใฎใ‚นใƒ†ใƒผใƒˆใƒกใƒณใƒˆใงใฏใ€ไธป่ชžใฏใ€Œheใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€
09:36
I have an โ€˜sโ€™ at the end of โ€˜playโ€™.
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ใ€Œplayใ€ใฎๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ€Œsใ€ใŒไป˜ใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใ‚‚ใ†ใŠๅˆ†ใ‹ใ‚Šใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
09:39
However, to turn this into a question, I add โ€˜doesโ€™ at the beginning.
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ใŸใ ใ—ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่ณชๅ•ใซๅค‰ใˆใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใ€ๅ…ˆ้ ญใซใ€Œdoesใ€ใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
09:44
โ€˜Does he play soccer?โ€™
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ใ€Œๅฝผใฏใ‚ตใƒƒใ‚ซใƒผใ‚’ใ—ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€
09:48
What you'll notice here is that I no longer have the โ€˜sโ€™ at the end of play.
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ใ“ใ“ใงๆฐ—ใฅใใฎใฏใ€ๅ†็”Ÿใฎ็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใซใ€Œsใ€ใŒใชใใชใฃใŸใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
09:54
Instead I just used โ€˜doesโ€™ at the beginning,
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ไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใซใ€ๆœ€ๅˆใซใ€Œdoesใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใŸใ ใ‘ใช
09:57
so for โ€˜heโ€™, โ€˜sheโ€™, or โ€˜itโ€™, put โ€˜doesโ€™ at the beginning,
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ใฎใงใ€ใ€Œๅฝผใ€ใ€ใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใ€ใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œใใ‚Œใ€ใฎๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ๅ…ˆ้ ญใซใ€Œdoesใ€ใ‚’็ฝฎใใ€
10:01
and don't worry about putting an โ€˜sโ€™ or โ€˜esโ€™ at the end of the verb.
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ใ€Œsใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œesใ€ใ‚’ไป˜ใ‘ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆฐ—ใซใ—ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ๅ‹•่ฉžใฎ็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใ€‚
10:06
So to review, one possible way of forming a question for the present simple tense is
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ๅพฉ็ฟ’ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€็พๅœจๅ˜็ด”ๆ™‚ๅˆถใฎ่ณชๅ•ใ‚’ไฝœๆˆใ™ใ‚‹ 1 ใคใฎๅฏ่ƒฝใชๆ–นๆณ•ใฏใ€
10:13
using โ€˜doโ€™ or โ€˜doesโ€™ at the beginning.
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ๅ…ˆ้ ญใซใ€Œdoใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œdoesใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
10:16
Alright let's move on.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ๆฌกใซ้€ฒใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
10:17
Let's start with the first checkup.
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ใพใšใฏๆœ€ๅˆใฎๆคœๆŸปใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
10:20
In this checkup, I want you to focus on the โ€˜beโ€™ verbs.
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ไปŠๅ›žใฎใƒใ‚งใƒƒใ‚ฏใงใฏbeๅ‹•่ฉžใซๆณจ็›ฎใ—ใฆใปใ—ใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
10:24
Remember โ€˜beโ€™ verbs, in the present simple tense, can be โ€˜isโ€™, โ€˜amโ€™, or โ€˜areโ€™.
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็พๅœจๅ˜็ด”ๆ™‚ๅˆถใฎใ€Œbeใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใฏใ€ใ€Œisใ€ใ€ใ€Œamใ€ใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œareใ€ใซใชใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
10:31
Take a look at the first sentence.
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ๆœ€ๅˆใฎๆ–‡ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
10:32
It says, โ€˜She _ blank _ at school.โ€™
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ใใ“ใซใฏใ€ใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใฏๅญฆๆ กใง_็ฉบ็™ฝ_ใงใ—ใŸใ€ใจๆ›ธใ‹ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
10:37
The subject of this sentence is โ€˜sheโ€™.
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ใ“ใฎๆ–‡ใฎไธป่ชžใฏใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
10:41
What โ€˜beโ€™ verb do we use for โ€˜sheโ€™?
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ใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใ€ใซใฏใฉใฎใ€Œbeใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ไฝฟใ„ใพใ™ใ‹?
10:43
The correct answer is โ€˜isโ€™.
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ๆญฃ่งฃใฏใ€Œใงใ™ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
10:48
Now if you were thinking of the negative, the
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๅฆๅฎš็š„ใชใ“ใจใ‚’่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใชใ‚‰ใ€
10:51
correct answer would be โ€˜she isn'tโ€™
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ๆญฃใ—ใ„็ญ”ใˆใฏใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใฏใ„ใชใ„ใ€
10:53
or โ€˜she is notโ€™.
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ใพใŸใฏใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใฏใใ†ใงใฏใชใ„ใ€ ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
10:56
That's correct as well.
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ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใ‚‚ๆญฃใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
10:58
And if we want to use a contraction for โ€˜she isโ€™, we can say โ€˜she's at schoolโ€™
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใฏใ€ใซ็Ÿญ็ธฎๅฝขใ‚’ไฝฟใ„ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใฏๅญฆๆ กใซใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
11:05
For the next one, it says, โ€˜They _ blank _ twenty years old.โ€™
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ๆฌกใฎๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใ€Œๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ _ ใƒ–ใƒฉใƒณใ‚ฏ _ 20 ๆญณใงใ™ใ€ใจใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
11:11
The subject of this sentence is โ€˜theyโ€™.
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ใ“ใฎๆ–‡ใฎไธป่ชžใฏใ€Œๅฝผใ‚‰ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
11:14
What โ€˜beโ€™ verb do we use for โ€˜theyโ€™?
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ใ€Œๅฝผใ‚‰ใ€ใซใฏใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ€Œbeใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ‹?
11:17
The correct answer is โ€˜areโ€™.
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ๆญฃ่งฃใฏใ€Œใ‚ขใƒฌใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
11:24
For the negative, you can also use โ€˜aren'tโ€™ or โ€˜are notโ€™.
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ๅฆๅฎš็š„ใชๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใ€Œare'tใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œare notใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
11:29
Also if you want to use the contraction for โ€˜they areโ€™, you can say,
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ใพใŸใ€ใ€Œๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ€ใจใ„ใ†็Ÿญ็ธฎๅฝขใ‚’ไฝฟใ„ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€
11:34
โ€˜They're 20 years old.โ€™
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ใ€Œๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ 20 ๆญณใงใ™ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
11:38
The next sentence says, โ€˜His father _ blank_ busy.โ€™
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ๆฌกใฎๆ–‡ใซใฏใ€ใ€Œๅฝผใฎ็ˆถ่ฆชใฏ_็ฉบ็™ฝ_ๅฟ™ใ—ใ„ใ€ใจๆ›ธใ‹ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
11:42
The subject of this sentence is โ€˜his fatherโ€™.
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ใ“ใฎๆ–‡ใฎไธป่ชžใฏใ€Œๅฝผใฎ็ˆถ่ฆชใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
11:47
What subject pronoun do we use for โ€˜his fatherโ€™?
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ใ€Œๅฝผใฎ็ˆถ่ฆชใ€ใซใฏใฉใฎไธป่ชžไปฃๅ่ฉžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ‹?
11:51
The correct answer is โ€˜heโ€™.
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ๆญฃ่งฃใฏใ€Œๅฝผใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
11:53
Remember for โ€˜heโ€™, โ€˜sheโ€™, โ€˜itโ€™, the โ€˜beโ€™ verb is โ€˜isโ€™.
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ใ€Œๅฝผใ€ใ€ใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใ€ใ€ใ€Œใใ‚Œใ€ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ใ€Œbeใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใฏใ€Œisใ€ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
12:00
For the negative, we can say โ€˜isn'tโ€™ or โ€˜is notโ€™.
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ๅฆๅฎš็š„ใชๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใ€Œใ€œใงใฏใชใ„ใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œใ€œใงใฏใชใ„ใ€ใจ่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
12:05
And for a contraction, for โ€˜fatherโ€™ and โ€˜isโ€™, we can say, โ€˜His father's busy.โ€™
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ€Œ็ˆถใ€ใจใ€Œใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€ใ‚’็Ÿญ็ธฎใ—ใฆใ€ใ€Œๅฝผใฎ็ˆถใฏๅฟ™ใ—ใ„ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
12:12
Now I want you to try to find the mistakes in this sentence.
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ๆฌกใซใ€ใ“ใฎๆ–‡ใฎ้–“้•ใ„ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ„ใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
12:18
โ€˜We isn't good friends.โ€™
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ใ€Œ็งใŸใกใฏ่‰ฏใ„ๅ‹้”ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ€
12:22
Did you find the mistake?
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้–“้•ใ„ใฏ่ฆ‹ใคใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
12:27
This is the mistake.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ้–“้•ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
12:29
The subject is โ€˜weโ€™ and the โ€˜beโ€™ verb is โ€˜areโ€™.
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ไธป่ชžใฏใ€Œweใ€ใ€beๅ‹•่ฉžใฏใ€Œareใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
12:33
Therefore, the correct answer is โ€˜we are notโ€™,
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๆญฃใ—ใ„็ญ”ใˆใฏใ€Œ็งใŸใกใฏใใ†ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ใ€
12:37
or the contraction, โ€˜we aren't good friends.โ€™
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ใพใŸใฏ็ธฎ็ด„ๅฝขใงใ€Œ็งใŸใกใฏ่‰ฏใ„ๅ‹้”ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
12:42
The next sentence.
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ๆฌกใฎๆ–‡ใ€‚
12:47
Can you find the mistake?
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้–“้•ใ„ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
12:48
โ€˜Are John a teacher?โ€™
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ใ€Œใ‚ธใƒงใƒณใฏๅ…ˆ็”Ÿใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€
12:51
Think about the subject of this sentence.
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ใ“ใฎๆ–‡ใฎไธป้กŒใซใคใ„ใฆ่€ƒใˆใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
12:55
The subject is โ€˜Johnโ€™.
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ใŠ้กŒใฏใ€Œใ‚ธใƒงใƒณใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
12:59
And โ€˜Johnโ€™, the subject pronoun is โ€˜heโ€™.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€Œใ‚ธใƒงใƒณใ€ใ€ไธป่ชžไปฃๅ่ฉžใฏใ€Œๅฝผใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
13:02
Therefore, we don't use โ€˜areโ€™, we use โ€˜isโ€™.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ€Œareใ€ใงใฏใชใใ€ใ€Œisใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
13:10
โ€˜Is John a teacher?โ€™
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ใ€Œใ‚ธใƒงใƒณใฏๅ…ˆ็”Ÿใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€
13:12
โ€˜Is John a teacher?โ€™
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ใ€Œใ‚ธใƒงใƒณใฏๅ…ˆ็”Ÿใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€
13:15
And finally, โ€˜It am a puppy.โ€™
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ใใ—ใฆๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ€Œๅญ็Šฌใงใ™ใ€ใ€‚
13:17
hmm This one is a big mistake.
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ใ†ใƒผใ‚“ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅคงใใช้–“้•ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
13:20
The subject here is โ€˜itโ€™.
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ใ“ใ“ใงใฎไธป่ชžใฏใ€Œใใ‚Œใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
13:22
What โ€˜beโ€™ verb do we use for โ€˜itโ€™?
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ใ€Œitใ€ใซใฏใฉใฎใ€Œbeใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ‹?
13:25
The correct answer is โ€˜isโ€™.
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ๆญฃ่งฃใฏใ€Œใงใ™ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
13:28
So we don't say, โ€˜It am a puppy,โ€™ we say, โ€˜It is a puppy.โ€™
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€็งใŸใกใฏใ€Œใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅญ็Šฌใงใ™ใ€ใจใฏ่จ€ใ‚ใšใ€ใ€Œใใ‚Œใฏๅญ็Šฌใงใ™ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
13:34
Great job guys.
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็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ไป•ไบ‹ใ ใ€‚
13:35
Let's move on to the next checkup.
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ๆฌกใฎๆคœๆŸปใซ็งปใ‚Šใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
13:37
For the next checkup, I want you to think of some other verbs in the present simple
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ๆฌกๅ›žใฎใƒใ‚งใƒƒใ‚ฏใงใฏใ€็พๅœจๅ˜็ด”
13:42
tense.
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ๆ™‚ๅˆถใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ใ„ใใคใ‹่€ƒใˆใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ„ใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
13:43
Take a look at the first sentence.
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ๆœ€ๅˆใฎๆ–‡ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
13:45
โ€˜He __ blank __ โ€ฆโ€™, I want you to think of the verb, โ€˜like his dinnerโ€™.
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ใ€Œๅฝผใฏ __ ็ฉบ็™ฝใฎ __ โ€ฆใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใจใใฏใ€ใ€Œๅฝผใฎๅค•้ฃŸใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ๆ€ใ„ๆตฎใ‹ในใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
13:51
What do we do to the verb when the subject is โ€˜heโ€™, โ€˜sheโ€™, or โ€˜itโ€™?
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ไธป่ชžใŒใ€Œๅฝผใ€ใ€ใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใ€ใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œใใ‚Œใ€ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใฏใฉใ†ใ™ใ‚Œใฐใ‚ˆใ„ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹?
13:56
Remember we add an โ€˜sโ€™.
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ใ€Œsใ€ใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
13:58
โ€˜He likes his dinner.โ€™
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ใ€Œๅฝผใฏๅค•้ฃŸใŒๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€
14:02
For the negative, you can also say, โ€˜He doesn't like his dinner.โ€™
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ๅฆๅฎš็š„ใชๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใ€Œๅฝผใฏๅค•้ฃŸใŒๅฅฝใใงใฏใชใ„ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใฎใ‚‚ใ‚ˆใ„ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
14:07
The next sentence says, โ€˜My students __ blank __โ€ฆโ€™, I want you to think of โ€˜needโ€™,
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ๆฌกใฎๆ–‡ใซใฏใ€ใ€Œ็”Ÿๅพ’ใŸใก __ ็ฉบ็™ฝใฎ __โ€ฆใ€ใจใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ€Œๅฟ…่ฆใ€ใ€ ใ€Œโ€ฆๆœฌใ€
14:14
โ€˜โ€ฆbooksโ€™.
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ใซใคใ„ใฆ่€ƒใˆใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ„ใŸใ„ใฎใงใ™
14:15
What is the subject pronoun for โ€˜my studentsโ€™?
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ใ€‚ ใ€Œ็งใฎ็”Ÿๅพ’ใ€ใฎไธป่ชžไปฃๅ่ฉžใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹?
14:19
The correct answer is โ€˜theyโ€™.
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ๆญฃ่งฃใฏใ€Œๅฝผใ‚‰ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
14:22
If the subject is โ€˜Iโ€™, โ€˜youโ€™, โ€˜weโ€™, or โ€˜theyโ€™, in the present simple tense,
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็พๅœจๅ˜็ด”ๆ™‚ๅˆถใงไธป่ชžใŒใ€Œ็งใ€ใ€ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใ€ใ€ใ€Œ็งใŸใกใ€ใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œๅฝผใ‚‰ใ€ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€
14:27
we don't change the verb, we keep it as is.
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ๅ‹•่ฉžใฏๅค‰ๆ›ดใ›ใšใ€ใใฎใพใพใซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
14:31
So the correct answer is, โ€˜My students need books.โ€™
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๆญฃใ—ใ„็ญ”ใˆใฏใ€ใ€Œ็งใฎ็”Ÿๅพ’ใซใฏๆœฌใŒๅฟ…่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
14:37
Now for the negative, you can say, โ€˜My students don't need books.โ€™
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ใ•ใฆใ€ๅฆๅฎš็š„ใชๆ„่ฆ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆใฏใ€ใ€Œ็งใฎ็”Ÿๅพ’ใซใฏๆœฌใฏๅฟ…่ฆใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
14:41
The next sentence says, โ€˜I __ blank __โ€ฆโ€™, think of the verb,
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ๆฌกใฎๆ–‡ใฏใ€ใ€Œ็งใฏ __ ็ฉบ็™ฝใฎ __โ€ฆใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ€Œโ€ฆใƒญใƒณใƒ‰ใƒณใซไฝใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’่€ƒใˆใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
14:47
โ€˜โ€ฆlive in London.โ€™
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ใ€‚
14:50
What do we do here?
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ใ“ใ“ใงไฝ•ใ‚’ใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹๏ผŸ
14:52
Again the subject is โ€˜Iโ€™, therefore we don't change the verb.
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ใ“ใ“ใงใ‚‚ไธป่ชžใฏใ€ŒIใ€ใชใฎใงใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใฏๅค‰ๆ›ดใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
14:57
The correct answer is, โ€˜I live in London.โ€™
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ๆญฃ่งฃใฏใ€Œใƒญใƒณใƒ‰ใƒณใซไฝใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
15:01
What's the negative?
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ใƒžใ‚คใƒŠใ‚นใฃใฆไฝ•๏ผŸ
15:03
โ€˜I don't live in London.โ€™
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ใ€Œ็งใฏใƒญใƒณใƒ‰ใƒณใซไฝใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ€
15:07
For the next part, I would like for you to try to find the mistake in the sentence.
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ๆฌกใฎใƒ‘ใƒผใƒˆใงใฏใ€ๆ–‡ไธญใฎ้–“้•ใ„ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ„ใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
15:12
โ€˜He doesn't likes math.โ€™
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ใ€Œๅฝผใฏๆ•ฐๅญฆใŒๅฅฝใใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ€
15:15
What's the error here?
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ใ“ใ“ใงใฎใ‚จใƒฉใƒผใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹?
15:18
Well this is a negative.
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ใพใ‚ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใƒžใ‚คใƒŠใ‚นใงใ™ใญใ€‚
15:20
โ€˜He doesn'tโ€ฆโ€™, that's correct.
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ใ€Œๅฝผใฏใใ†ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“โ€ฆใ€ใ€ใใฎ้€šใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚
15:23
However, we do not add an โ€˜sโ€™ when we have โ€˜doesn'tโ€™ in front of โ€˜itโ€™.
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ใŸใ ใ—ใ€ใ€Œitใ€ใฎๅ‰ใซใ€Œdoesn'tใ€ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€Œsใ€ใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
15:30
โ€˜Do he eat candy?โ€™
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ใ€Œๅฝผใฏใ‚ญใƒฃใƒณใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใƒผใ‚’้ฃŸในใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€
15:33
Here we have a question.
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ใ“ใ“ใง่ณชๅ•ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
15:35
The subject of the sentence is โ€˜heโ€™.
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ๆ–‡ใฎไธป่ชžใฏใ€Œๅฝผใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
15:39
For โ€˜heโ€™, โ€˜sheโ€™, โ€˜itโ€™, when we're making a sentence in the present simple tense,
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ใ€Œๅฝผใ€ใ€ใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใ€ใ€ใ€Œใใ‚Œใ€ใซใคใ„ใฆใ€็พๅœจๅ˜็ด”ๆ™‚ๅˆถใงๆ–‡ใ‚’ไฝœใ‚‹ใจใใฏใ€ใ€Œ
15:46
we use โ€˜doesโ€™ not โ€˜doโ€™.
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doใ€ใงใฏใชใใ€Œdoesใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
15:49
So the correct answer is, โ€˜Does he eat candy?โ€™
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๆญฃ่งฃใฏใ€Œๅฝผใฏใ‚ญใƒฃใƒณใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใƒผใ‚’้ฃŸในใพใ™ใ‹?ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
15:54
And finally, โ€˜Sam is play computer games.โ€™
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ใใ—ใฆๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ€ใ€Œใ‚ตใƒ ใฏใ‚ณใƒณใƒ”ใƒฅใƒผใ‚ฟใƒผใ‚ฒใƒผใƒ ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
15:57
There are two present simple verbs here and we can't have that,
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ใ“ใ“ใซใฏๅ˜็ด”ๅ‹•่ฉžใŒ 2 ใคใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€ใใ‚Œใฏไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
16:02
so the correct way to fix this sentence is to get rid of the โ€˜isโ€™.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใฎๆ–‡ใ‚’ไฟฎๆญฃใ™ใ‚‹ๆญฃใ—ใ„ๆ–นๆณ•ใฏใ€ใ€Œใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€ใ‚’ๅ‰Š้™คใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
16:08
So take that out and say, โ€˜Sam plays computer games.โ€™
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚Šๅ‡บใ—ใฆใ€ใ€Œใ‚ตใƒ ใฏใ‚ณใƒณใƒ”ใƒฅใƒผใ‚ฟใƒผใ‚ฒใƒผใƒ ใ‚’ใ—ใพใ™ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
16:16
Add an โ€˜sโ€™ because the subject is โ€˜Samโ€™ which is a โ€˜heโ€™.
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ไธป่ชžใŒใ€ŒSamใ€ใคใพใ‚Šใ€Œheใ€ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ใ€Œsใ€ใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
16:21
Great job!
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ใ‚ˆใใ‚„ใฃใŸ๏ผ
16:22
Let's move on to the next practice.
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ๆฌกใฎ็ทด็ฟ’ใซ็งปใ‚Šใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
16:24
For this next practice, we're taking a look at routines.
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ๆฌกใฎ็ทด็ฟ’ใงใฏใ€ใƒซใƒผใƒใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใใพใ™ใ€‚
16:27
Remember the present simple tense can be used to describe events that happen regularly.
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็พๅœจๅ˜็ด”ๆ™‚ๅˆถใฏใ€ๅฎšๆœŸ็š„ใซ่ตทใ“ใ‚‹ๅ‡บๆฅไบ‹ใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซไฝฟ็”จใงใใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
16:33
Let's take a look at the first sentence,
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ๆœ€ๅˆใฎๆ–‡
16:35
โ€˜We _ blank _ the bus every day.โ€™
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ใ€Œ็งใŸใกใฏๆฏŽๆ—ฅใƒใ‚นใ‚’็ฉบใซใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€ ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
16:39
And I want you to use the verb โ€˜takeโ€™.
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ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆๅ‹•่ฉžใ€Œtakeใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆใปใ—ใ„ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
16:43
Here we see the clue word โ€˜every dayโ€™ which shows that this is a routine.
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ใ“ใ“ใซใฏใ€ŒๆฏŽๆ—ฅใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๆ‰‹ใŒใ‹ใ‚Šใฎๅ˜่ชžใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒๆ—ฅๅธธ็š„ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็คบใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
16:48
The subject of the sentence is โ€˜weโ€™.
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ๆ–‡ใฎไธป่ชžใฏใ€Œ็งใŸใกใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
16:52
In the present simple tense,
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็พๅœจๅ˜็ด”ๆ™‚ๅˆถใงใฏใ€
16:54
remember if the subject is โ€˜Iโ€™, โ€˜youโ€™, โ€˜weโ€™, or โ€˜theyโ€™,
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ไธป่ชžใŒใ€Œ็งใ€ใ€ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใ€ใ€ใ€Œ็งใŸใกใ€ใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œๅฝผใ‚‰ใ€ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€
16:58
we do not change the verb.
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ๅ‹•่ฉžใฏๅค‰ๆ›ดใ—ใชใ„ใ“ใจใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
17:01
Therefore the correct answer is, โ€˜We take the bus every day.โ€™
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๆญฃ่งฃใฏใ€Œ็งใŸใกใฏๆฏŽๆ—ฅใƒใ‚นใซไน—ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
17:08
In the second sentence it says, โ€˜He _ blank _ to school every morning.โ€™
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2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎๆ–‡ใซใฏใ€ใ€ŒๅฝผใฏๆฏŽๆœๅญฆๆ กใธ _ ็ฉบใฃใฝ _ ่กŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€ ใจๆ›ธใ‹ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
17:13
Again a routine.
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ใพใŸใพใŸใƒซใƒผใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒณใ€‚
17:16
The subject here is โ€˜heโ€™.
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ใ“ใ“ใงใฎไธป่ชžใฏใ€Œๅฝผใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
17:19
What do we do if the subject is โ€˜heโ€™, โ€˜sheโ€™, or โ€˜itโ€™?
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ไธป่ชžใŒใ€Œๅฝผใ€ใ€ใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใ€ใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œใใ‚Œใ€ใฎๅ ดๅˆใฏใฉใ†ใ™ใ‚Œใฐใ‚ˆใ„ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹?
17:23
We add โ€˜sโ€™ or โ€˜esโ€™ to the verb.
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ๅ‹•่ฉžใซใ€Œsใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œesใ€ใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
17:26
In this example, the verb is โ€˜goโ€™, so we have to add โ€˜esโ€™.
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ใ“ใฎไพ‹ใงใฏใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใฏใ€Œgoใ€ใชใฎใงใ€ใ€Œesใ€ใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
17:32
โ€˜He goes to school every morning.โ€™
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ใ€ŒๅฝผใฏๆฏŽๆœๅญฆๆ กใซ่กŒใใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
17:38
In the next sentence, it says, โ€˜Lizzy not play (in parenthesis) tennis.โ€™
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ๆฌกใฎๆ–‡ใงใฏใ€ใ€Œใƒชใ‚ธใƒผใฏ๏ผˆๆ‹ฌๅผงๅ†…๏ผ‰ใƒ†ใƒ‹ใ‚นใ‚’ใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ€ใจๆ›ธใ‹ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
17:44
Here I want you to think about the negative form.
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ใ“ใ“ใงๅฆๅฎšๅฝขใซใคใ„ใฆ่€ƒใˆใฆใฟใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
17:48
Lizzy is a โ€˜sheโ€™.
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ใƒชใ‚ธใƒผใฏใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
17:50
The subject pronoun is โ€˜sheโ€™ so what do we do for the negative?
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ไธป่ชžไปฃๅ่ฉžใฏใ€Œsheใ€ใชใฎใงใ€ๅฆๅฎšๅฝขใฏใฉใ†ใ™ใ‚Œใฐใ„ใ„ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹๏ผŸ
17:55
We say โ€˜does notโ€™ or the contraction โ€˜doesn't play tennisโ€™.
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็งใŸใกใฏใ€Œใƒ†ใƒ‹ใ‚นใ‚’ใ—ใชใ„ใ€ใพใŸใฏๅŽ็ธฎใ‚’ใ€Œใƒ†ใƒ‹ใ‚นใ‚’ใ—ใชใ„ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
18:03
We do not add an โ€˜sโ€™ or โ€˜esโ€™ to the end of the verb.
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ๅ‹•่ฉžใฎๆœซๅฐพใซใ€Œsใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œesใ€ใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
18:08
Instead we say โ€˜doesn'tโ€™ or โ€˜does notโ€™.
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ไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใซใ€ใ€Œใ—ใชใ„ใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œใ—ใชใ„ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
18:12
Now I want you to find a mistake in the next sentence.
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ๆฌกใฎๆ–‡ใฎ้–“้•ใ„ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
18:16
โ€˜They watches TV at night.โ€™
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ใ€Œๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๅคœใซใƒ†ใƒฌใƒ“ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
18:20
Can you figure out what's wrong with the sentence?
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ใใฎๆ–‡ใฎใฉใ“ใŒ้–“้•ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
18:23
The subject is โ€˜theyโ€™.
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ไธป่ชžใฏใ€Œๅฝผใ‚‰ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
18:26
Therefore, remember, we do not change the verb.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใฏๅค‰ๆ›ดใ—ใชใ„ใ“ใจใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
18:31
We say โ€˜watchโ€™.
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็งใŸใกใฏใ€Œ่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
18:34
โ€˜They watch TV at nightโ€™.
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ใ€Œๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๅคœใซใƒ†ใƒฌใƒ“ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
18:38
In the next sentence, or question, it says, โ€˜Does he plays soccer every week?โ€™
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ๆฌกใฎๆ–‡ใพใŸใฏ่ณชๅ•ใงใฏใ€ใ€ŒๅฝผใฏๆฏŽ้€ฑใ‚ตใƒƒใ‚ซใƒผใ‚’ใ—ใพใ™ใ‹?ใ€ใจๆ›ธใ‹ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
18:45
The subject of the sentence is โ€˜heโ€™.
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ๆ–‡ใฎไธป่ชžใฏใ€Œๅฝผใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
18:48
To make a sentence, putting โ€˜doesโ€™ at the beginning is okay,
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ๆ–‡ใ‚’ไฝœใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€ๅ…ˆ้ ญใซใ€Œdoesใ€ใ‚’ไป˜ใ‘ใ‚‹ใฎใฏๅ•้กŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
18:53
However, we don't put an โ€˜sโ€™ at the end of โ€˜playโ€™.
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ใŒใ€ใ€Œplayใ€ใฎๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ€Œsใ€ใ‚’ไป˜ใ‘ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๅ˜็ด”ใซ
18:58
Therefore, the correct answer is to simply say,
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ใ€ŒๅฝผใฏๆฏŽ้€ฑใ‚ตใƒƒใ‚ซใƒผใ‚’ใ—ใพใ™ใ‹?ใ€
19:01
โ€˜Does he play soccer every week?โ€™
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ใจ่จ€ใ†ใฎใŒๆญฃใ—ใ„็ญ”ใˆใงใ™ใ€‚
19:06
And finally, โ€˜He always forget his book.โ€™
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ใใ—ใฆๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ€ใ€Œๅฝผใฏใ„ใคใ‚‚ๆœฌใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
19:10
In this case, the subject is โ€˜heโ€™.
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ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ไธป่ชžใฏใ€Œๅฝผใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
19:14
Remember, again, for he/she/it we add 's' or 'es' to the end of the verb.
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็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€he/she/it ใฎๅ ดๅˆใฏๅ‹•่ฉžใฎๆœซๅฐพใซใ€Œsใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œesใ€ใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ€ใ„ๅ‡บใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
19:22
What's the verb in the sentence?
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ๆ–‡ใฎไธญใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹?
19:25
It's โ€˜forgetโ€™.
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ€Œๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
19:27
Therefore we have to say, โ€˜He always forgets his book.โ€™
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ€Œๅฝผใฏใ„ใคใ‚‚ๆœฌใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ‚ใ–ใ‚‹ใ‚’ๅพ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
19:33
Great job.
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ใ‚ˆใใ‚„ใฃใŸใ€‚
19:35
Let's move on to the next practice.
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ๆฌกใฎ็ทด็ฟ’ใซ็งปใ‚Šใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
19:37
In this checkup, we'll take a look at how the present simple tense can be used to describe
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ใ“ใฎใƒใ‚งใƒƒใ‚ฏใงใฏใ€็พๅœจๅ˜็ด”ๆ™‚ๅˆถใ‚’ๆœชๆฅใฎๅ‡บๆฅไบ‹ใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซไฝฟ็”จใงใใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใใพใ™
19:43
future events.
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ใ€‚
19:45
Take a look at the first sentence.
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ๆœ€ๅˆใฎๆ–‡ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
19:47
It says, โ€˜The airplane _ blank _ tonight.โ€™
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ใ€ŒไปŠๅคœใฎ้ฃ›่กŒๆฉŸใฏ็ฉบใงใ™ใ€ใจๆ›ธใ‹ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
19:51
And we're looking at the verb โ€˜leaveโ€™.
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ใใ—ใฆๅ‹•่ฉžใ€Œleaveใ€ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใใพใ™ใ€‚
19:54
What is the subject of the sentence?
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ๆ–‡ใฎไธป่ชžใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹?
19:57
The correct answer is โ€˜airplaneโ€™.
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ๆญฃ่งฃใฏใ€Œ้ฃ›่กŒๆฉŸใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
20:00
What subject pronoun do we use for โ€˜airplaneโ€™?
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ใ€Œ้ฃ›่กŒๆฉŸใ€ใซใฏใฉใฎไธป่ชžไปฃๅ่ฉžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ‹?
20:04
It's โ€˜itโ€™.
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ€Œใใ‚Œใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
20:06
Remember in the present simple tense, for โ€˜heโ€™, โ€˜sheโ€™, โ€˜itโ€™, we add an โ€˜sโ€™
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็พๅœจๅ˜็ด”ๆ™‚ๅˆถใงใฏใ€ใ€Œๅฝผใ€ใ€ใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใ€ใ€ใ€Œใใ‚Œใ€ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€
20:11
or โ€˜esโ€™ to the verb.
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ๅ‹•่ฉžใซใ€Œsใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œesใ€ใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
20:14
The verb here is โ€˜leaveโ€™ so we simply add an โ€˜sโ€™.
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ใ“ใ“ใงใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใฏใ€Œleaveใ€ใชใฎใงใ€ๅ˜็ด”ใซใ€Œsใ€ใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
20:18
The correct answer is, โ€˜The airplane leaves tonight.โ€™
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ๆญฃ่งฃใฏใ€Œ้ฃ›่กŒๆฉŸใฏไปŠๅคœๅ‡บ็™บใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
20:22
In the second sentence, it says, โ€˜Does the movie _blank_ soon?โ€™
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2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎๆ–‡ใซใฏใ€ใ€Œๆ˜ ็”ป _blank_ ใฏใ‚‚ใ†ใ™ใใงใ™ใ‹?ใ€ใจใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
20:30
And we're using the verb โ€˜startโ€™.
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ใใ—ใฆๅ‹•่ฉžใ€Œstartใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
20:33
What is the subject of this sentence?
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ใ“ใฎๆ–‡ใฎไธป่ชžใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹?
20:36
Itโ€™s โ€˜movieโ€™.
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ€Œๆ˜ ็”ปใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
20:38
And what subject pronoun do we use for movie?
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ๆ˜ ็”ปใงใฏใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชไธป่ชžไปฃๅ่ฉžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ‹?
20:41
Itโ€™s โ€˜itโ€™.
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ€Œใใ‚Œใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
20:43
So it's like saying, โ€˜Does it _ blank _ soon?โ€™
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ€Œใ‚‚ใ†ใ™ใ็ฉบ็™ฝใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹?ใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
20:47
Well this is a question, so we already have the correct word in the front - โ€˜doesโ€™.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ่ณชๅ•ใชใฎใงใ€ๅ‰ใซๆญฃใ—ใ„ๅ˜่ชžใ€Œdoesใ€ใŒใ™ใงใซใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
20:54
For he/she/it, when we're asking a question, we use โ€˜doesโ€™.
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ๅฝผ/ๅฝผๅฅณ/ใใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆใฏใ€่ณชๅ•ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใซใ€Œdoesใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
21:00
Now all we have to do is use the same verb in its base form,
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ใ‚ใจใฏใ€ๅŒใ˜ๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ๅŸบๆœฌๅฝขใงไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚
21:06
so โ€˜Does the movie start soon?โ€™
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€Œๆ˜ ็”ปใฏใ‚‚ใ†ใ™ใๅง‹ใพใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€
21:09
We do not add an โ€˜sโ€™ or โ€˜esโ€™ here.
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ใ“ใ“ใงใฏใ€Œsใ€ใ‚„ใ€Œesใ€ใฏ่ฟฝๅŠ ใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
21:14
Finally, it says, โ€˜Viki _ blank _ tomorrow.โ€™
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ๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ€ŒViki_blank_tomorrowใ€ใจๆ›ธใ‹ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
21:18
The subject of the sentence is โ€˜Vickiโ€™.
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ๆ–‡ใฎไธป่ชžใฏใ€Œใƒดใ‚ฃใƒƒใ‚ญใƒผใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
21:21
โ€˜Vickiโ€™ is a girl so the subject pronoun is โ€˜sheโ€™.
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ใ€Œใƒดใ‚ฃใƒƒใ‚ญใƒผใ€ใฏๅฅณใฎๅญใชใฎใงใ€ไธป่ชžไปฃๅ่ฉžใฏใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
21:27
You'll remember now that forโ€ฆ in this case, we put โ€˜worksโ€™.
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forโ€ฆ ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ใ€Œworksใ€ใ‚’ๅ…ฅใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ€ใ„ๅ‡บใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
21:31
w-o-r-k-s โ€˜worksโ€™.
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ไฝœๅ“ใฏใ€Œไฝœๅ“ใ€ใ€‚
21:33
โ€˜Vicki works tomorrow.โ€™
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ใ€Œใƒดใ‚ฃใƒƒใ‚ญใƒผใฏๆ˜Žๆ—ฅไป•ไบ‹ใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€
21:38
Now let's find the mistakes in the sentence below.
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ใงใฏใ€ไธ‹ใฎๆ–‡ใฎ้–“้•ใ„ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
21:41
โ€˜He do leave at 3:30 p.m.โ€™
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ใ€ŒๅฝผใฏๅˆๅพŒ 3 ๆ™‚ 30 ๅˆ†ใซๅ‡บ็™บใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
21:45
Actually there's only one mistake.
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ๅฎŸใฏ้–“้•ใ„ใŒ 1 ใคใ ใ‘ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
21:48
Can you find it?
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่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
21:50
โ€˜He do leave at 3:30 p.m.โ€™
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ใ€ŒๅฝผใฏๅˆๅพŒ 3 ๆ™‚ 30 ๅˆ†ใซๅ‡บ็™บใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
21:55
We do not need the โ€˜doโ€™ here.
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ใ“ใ“ใงใ€Œใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ใฏๅฟ…่ฆใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
21:58
We only use โ€˜doโ€™ in a question or in the negative form.
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ใ€Œdoใ€ใฏ็–‘ๅ•ๆ–‡ใพใŸใฏๅฆๅฎšๅฝขใงใฎใฟไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
22:03
But also the subject is โ€˜heโ€™, so we would use โ€˜doesโ€™.
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ใŸใ ใ—ใ€ไธป่ชžใ‚‚ใ€Œheใ€ใชใฎใงใ€ใ€Œdoesใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
22:07
Either way we don't need this here.
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ใ„ใšใ‚Œใซใ›ใ‚ˆใ€ใ“ใ“ใงใฏใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅฟ…่ฆใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
22:10
Well now we have the verb โ€˜leaveโ€™ with the subject โ€˜heโ€™.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใงๅ‹•่ฉžใ€Œleaveใ€ใซไธป่ชžใ€Œheใ€ใŒใคใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
22:14
Do you know what to do?
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ไฝ•ใ‚’ใ™ในใใ‹็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
22:17
We simply change this to โ€˜leavesโ€™.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ใ€Œ่‘‰ใ€ใซๅค‰ๆ›ดใ™ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚
22:22
Just like we did in the first sentence.
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ๆœ€ๅˆใฎๆ–‡ใงใ‚„ใฃใŸใฎใจๅŒใ˜ใงใ™ใ€‚
22:24
โ€˜He leaves at 3:30 p.m.โ€™
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ใ€ŒๅฝผใฏๅˆๅพŒ 3 ๆ™‚ 30 ๅˆ†ใซๅ‡บ็™บใ—ใพใ™ใ€
22:27
In the next sentence, โ€˜They don't start school today.โ€™
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ๆฌกใฎๆ–‡ใงใฏใ€ใ€Œๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏไปŠๆ—ฅๅญฆๆ กใ‚’ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ€
22:32
We have a negative sentence.
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ๅฆๅฎšๆ–‡ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
22:35
โ€˜They don'tโ€ฆโ€™, that's correct.
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ใ€Œๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏโ€ฆใ€ใ€ใใฎ้€šใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚
22:38
โ€˜โ€ฆdo notโ€™ is correct.
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ใ€Œโ€ฆใ—ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€ใŒๆญฃใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
22:41
For subject pronoun โ€˜theyโ€™.
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ไธป่ชžไปฃๅ่ฉžใ€Œtheyใ€ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€‚
22:43
However, in the negative form, we don't have to change the main verb at all.
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ใŸใ ใ—ใ€ๅฆๅฎšๅฝขใงใฏใ€ไธปๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ใพใฃใŸใๅค‰ๆ›ดใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
22:49
Therefore, all we will do is say, โ€˜They don't start school today.โ€™
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ€ŒไปŠๆ—ฅใฏๅญฆๆ กใŒๅง‹ใพใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚
22:54
No โ€˜sโ€™.
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ใ€Œใ€ใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
22:56
Finally, โ€˜Does we eat at noon?โ€™
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ๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ€ใ€Œๆ˜ผใซ้ฃŸในใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€
23:01
Take a look.
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่ฆ‹ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
23:02
What is the subject or subject pronoun in the sentence?
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ๆ–‡ไธญใฎไธป่ชžใพใŸใฏไธป่ชžไปฃๅ่ฉžใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹?
23:07
The correct answer is โ€˜weโ€™.
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ๆญฃ่งฃใฏใ€Œ็งใŸใกใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
23:10
Think about the question form.
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่ณชๅ•ๅฝขๅผใ‚’่€ƒใˆใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
23:13
Do we say โ€˜doโ€™ or โ€˜doesโ€™ in the question form for the subject pronoun โ€˜weโ€™?
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ไธป่ชžไปฃๅ่ฉžใ€Œweใ€ใซๅฏพใ™ใ‚‹็–‘ๅ•ๅฝขใงใฏใ€Œdoใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ‹ใ€ใ€Œdoesใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ‹?
23:18
The correct answer is โ€˜doโ€™.
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ๆญฃ่งฃใฏใ€Œใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
23:21
We say โ€˜doโ€™.
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็งใŸใกใฏใ€Œใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
23:24
So the correct way to say this sentence or question is,
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใฎๆ–‡ใพใŸใฏ่ณชๅ•ใฎๆญฃใ—ใ„่จ€ใ„ๆ–นใฏใ€
23:27
โ€˜Do we eat at noon?โ€™
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ใ€Œๆญฃๅˆใซ้ฃŸในใพใ™ใ‹?ใ€ ใงใ™ใ€‚
23:31
Great job guys.
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็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ไป•ไบ‹ใ ใ€‚
23:32
You're done with the practice.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใง็ทด็ฟ’ใฏ็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚
23:33
Thank you for your hard work.
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ใŠ็–ฒใ‚Œๆง˜ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
23:35
Let's move on.
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ๆฌกใธ็งปใ‚Šใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
23:36
Good job guys.
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ใ„ใ„ใžใ€‚
23:38
You put in a lot of practice today.
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ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏใŸใใ•ใ‚“็ทด็ฟ’ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใญใ€‚
23:40
The present simple tense is not easy, and I'm really happy to see how hard you guys
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็พๅœจๅฝขใฏ็ฐกๅ˜ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€็š†ใ•ใ‚“ใŒ
23:45
worked on mastering it.
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ใใ‚Œใ‚’็ฟ’ๅพ—ใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใฉใ‚Œใ ใ‘่‹ฆๅŠดใ—ใŸใ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆๆœฌๅฝ“ใซใ†ใ‚Œใ—ใๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
23:47
Be sure to check out my other videos and thank you for watching this video.
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็งใฎไป–ใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚‚ใœใฒใƒใ‚งใƒƒใ‚ฏใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ใ“ใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ใ”่ฆงใ„ใŸใ ใใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
23:51
I'll see you next time.
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ๆฌกๅ›žใŠไผšใ„ใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
23:53
Bye.
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ใ•ใ‚ˆใชใ‚‰ใ€‚
23:55
Hi, everybody.
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ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€็š†ใ•ใ‚“ใ€‚
23:58
I'm Esther.
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็งใฏใ‚จใ‚นใ‚ฟใƒผใงใ™ใ€‚
24:01
I'm so excited to be teaching you the present continuous tense in this video.
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ใ“ใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใง็พๅœจ้€ฒ่กŒๅฝขใ‚’ๆ•™ใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใฆใจใฆใ‚‚่ˆˆๅฅฎใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
24:09
This tense is used to describe: an action that's happening right now,
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ใ“ใฎๆ™‚ๅˆถใฏใ€็พๅœจ่ตทใ“ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ€
24:13
a longer action in progress , and something happening in the near future.
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้€ฒ่กŒไธญใฎใ‚ˆใ‚Š้•ทใ„ใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ€ใŠใ‚ˆใณ่ฟ‘ใ„ๅฐ†ๆฅใซ่ตทใ“ใ‚‹ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
24:18
There's a lot to learn, but don't worry I'll guide you through it.
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ๅญฆใถในใใ“ใจใฏใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€็งใŒไธๅฏงใซๆŒ‡ๅฐŽใ—ใฆใ„ใใพใ™ใฎใงใ”ๅฟƒ้…ใชใใ€‚
24:22
Let's get started.
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ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
24:24
The present continuous tense is used to talk about actions that are happening right now.
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็พๅœจ้€ฒ่กŒๅฝขใฏใ€็พๅœจ่ตทใ“ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใจใใซไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
24:32
For example,
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€
24:33
โ€˜I'm teaching Englishโ€™ and โ€˜You are studying English.โ€™
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ใ€Œ็งใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ๆ•™ใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใจใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใ€‚
24:37
Let's take a look at some more examples.
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ใ•ใ‚‰ใซใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎไพ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
24:40
The first sentence says, โ€˜He is watching a movieโ€™.
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ๆœ€ๅˆใฎๆ–‡ใซใฏใ€Œๅฝผใฏๆ˜ ็”ปใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใจใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
24:44
We start with the subject and a โ€˜beโ€™ verb.
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ไธป่ชžใจใ€Œbeใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ™ใ€‚
24:48
In this case, the subject is โ€˜heโ€™.
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ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ไธป่ชžใฏใ€Œๅฝผใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
24:51
For โ€˜heโ€™ / โ€˜sheโ€™ and โ€˜itโ€™, we use the โ€˜beโ€™ verb โ€˜isโ€™.
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ใ€Œๅฝผใ€/ใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใ€ใจใ€Œใใ‚Œใ€ใซใฏใ€ใ€Œbeใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใ€Œisใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
24:56
Then you'll notice I added an โ€˜-ingโ€™ to the end of the verb โ€˜watchโ€™.
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ๆฌกใซใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใ€Œwatchใ€ใฎๆœซๅฐพใซใ€Œ-ingใ€ใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ—ใŸใ“ใจใซๆฐ—ใฅใใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
25:01
โ€˜He is watching a movie.โ€™
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ใ€Œๅฝผใฏๆ˜ ็”ปใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
25:03
The next sentence says, โ€˜Tim is playing a computer game.โ€™
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ๆฌกใฎๆ–‡ใฏใ€ใ€Œใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ ใฏใ‚ณใƒณใƒ”ใƒฅใƒผใ‚ฟ ใ‚ฒใƒผใƒ ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€ใจ่ฟฐในใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
25:09
He's doing that right now.
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ๅฝผใฏไปŠใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ‚„ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
25:11
Tim is a โ€˜heโ€™, therefore, again we use the โ€˜beโ€™ verb โ€˜isโ€™.
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ใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ ใฏใ€Œๅฝผใ€ใชใฎใงใ€ใ“ใ“ใงใ‚‚ใ€Œbeใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใ€Œisใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
25:18
And again you'll notice I added โ€˜-ingโ€™ to the end of the verb.
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ใใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๅบฆใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใฎๆœซๅฐพใซใ€Œ-ingใ€ใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ—ใŸใ“ใจใซๆฐ—ใฅใใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
25:23
The next sentence says,
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ๆฌกใฎๆ–‡ใฏ
25:25
โ€˜The machine is making a noise.โ€™
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ใ€ŒๆฉŸๆขฐใŒ็•ฐ้Ÿณใ‚’็ซ‹ใฆใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใจใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
25:29
Now pay attention to the subject, โ€˜the machineโ€™.
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ใ“ใ“ใงใ€ใ€ŒๆฉŸๆขฐใ€ใจใ„ใ†ไธป้กŒใซๆณจ็›ฎใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
25:33
What is the proper pronoun?
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้ฉๅˆ‡ใชไปฃๅ่ฉžใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹?
25:35
The answer is โ€˜itโ€™, therefore we use the โ€˜beโ€™ verb โ€˜isโ€™.
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็ญ”ใˆใฏใ€Œitใ€ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ใ€Œbeใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใ€Œisใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
25:40
โ€˜The machine is making a noise.โ€™
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ใ€ŒๆฉŸๆขฐใŒ็•ฐ้Ÿณใ‚’็ซ‹ใฆใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
25:44
We can also say, โ€˜It is making a noiseโ€™.
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ใ€Œ้ŸณใŒ้ณดใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใจใ‚‚่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
25:47
Or the contraction, โ€˜It's making a noiseโ€™.
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ใพใŸใฏใ€ใ€Œ้ŸณใŒ้ณดใ‚‹ใ€ใจใ„ใ†็Ÿญ็ธฎๅฝขใงใ™ใ€‚
25:51
And finally, โ€˜Tom and Ben are speaking Englishโ€™.
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ใใ—ใฆๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ€ใ€Œใƒˆใƒ ใจใƒ™ใƒณใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใ€‚
25:55
In this case, you'll notice that we use the โ€˜beโ€™ verb โ€˜areโ€™.
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ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ใ€Œbeใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใ€Œareใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
25:59
Can you figure out why?
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็†็”ฑใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹?
26:02
That's because Tom and Ben - the subject pronoun for these two is โ€˜theyโ€™.
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ€ใƒˆใƒ ใจใƒ™ใƒณใ€ใ“ใฎ 2 ไบบใฎไธป่ชžไปฃๅ่ฉžใŒใ€Œๅฝผใ‚‰ใ€ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
26:07
โ€˜They are speaking English.โ€™
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ใ€Œๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
26:11
Let's move on to the next usage.
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ๆฌกใฎไฝฟใ„ๆ–นใซ็งปใ‚Šใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
26:14
The present continuous tense is also used to describe a longer action in progress.
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็พๅœจ้€ฒ่กŒๅฝขใฏใ€้€ฒ่กŒไธญใฎใ‚ˆใ‚Š้•ทใ„ใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใซใ‚‚ไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
26:20
Even though you might not be doing the action right now.
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ใŸใจใˆไปŠใใฎ่กŒๅ‹•ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใชใใฆใ‚‚ใ€‚
26:24
Let's take a look at some examples.
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ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎไพ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
26:27
The first sentence says,
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ๆœ€ๅˆใฎๆ–‡ใฏ
26:28
โ€˜I'm reading an interesting book these days.โ€™
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ใ€Œ็งใฏๆœ€่ฟ‘้ข็™ฝใ„ๆœฌใ‚’่ชญใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
26:32
In this case, the subject is โ€˜Iโ€™, so the โ€˜beโ€™ verb is โ€˜amโ€™.
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ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ไธป่ชžใฏใ€ŒIใ€ใชใฎใงใ€ใ€Œbeใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใฏใ€Œamใ€ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
26:37
In this example, we use the contraction โ€˜I'mโ€™ by putting โ€˜Iโ€™ and โ€˜amโ€™ together.
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ใ“ใฎไพ‹ใงใฏใ€ใ€ŒIใ€ใจใ€Œamใ€ใ‚’็ต„ใฟๅˆใ‚ใ›ใฆ็Ÿญ็ธฎๅฝขใ€ŒI'mใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
26:43
Again, you'll notice there's an โ€˜-ingโ€™ after the verb.
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ใ“ใ“ใงใ‚‚ใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใฎๅพŒใซใ€Œ-ingใ€ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆฐ—ใฅใใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
26:47
The next sentence says,
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ๆฌกใฎๆ–‡ใฏ
26:49
โ€˜You are studying to become an English teacher.โ€™
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ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžใฎๆ•™ๅธซใซใชใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€ใจ
26:53
The subject here is โ€˜youโ€™,
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ใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ“ใงใฎไธป่ชžใฏใ€Œyouใ€
26:56
therefore the โ€˜beโ€™ verb is โ€˜areโ€™.
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ใชใฎใงใ€ใ€Œbeใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใฏใ€Œareใ€ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
26:58
Next, โ€˜Steven is preparing for the IELTS exam.โ€™
439
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ๆฌกใซใ€ใ€Œใ‚นใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผใƒ–ใƒณใฏ IELTS ่ฉฆ้จ“ใฎๆบ–ๅ‚™ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
27:04
The subject here is โ€˜Stevenโ€™ which is a โ€˜heโ€™,
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ใ“ใ“ใงใฎไธป่ชžใฏใ€ŒStevenใ€ใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใ€Œheใ€ใงใ‚ใ‚‹
27:09
therefore we use the โ€˜beโ€™ verb โ€˜isโ€™.
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ใŸใ‚ใ€ใ€Œbeใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใ€Œisใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
27:12
And finally, โ€˜John and June are working at a company.โ€™
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ใใ—ใฆๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ€ใ€Œใ‚ธใƒงใƒณใจใ‚ธใƒฅใƒผใƒณใฏไผš็คพใงๅƒใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
27:17
If you look at the subject โ€˜John and Juneโ€™, the pronoun for that is โ€˜theyโ€™.
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ใ€Œใ‚ธใƒงใƒณใจใ‚ธใƒฅใƒผใƒณใ€ใจใ„ใ†ไธป่ชžใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใฎไปฃๅ่ฉžใฏใ€Œๅฝผใ‚‰ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
27:23
That's why we use the โ€˜beโ€™ verb โ€˜areโ€™.
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ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€ใ€Œbeใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใ€Œareใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
27:25
โ€˜They are working at a company.โ€™
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ใ€Œๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏไผš็คพใงๅƒใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
27:29
Let's move on to the next usage.
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ๆฌกใฎไฝฟใ„ๆ–นใซ็งปใ‚Šใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
27:31
The present continuous is also used to talk about near future plans.
447
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็พๅœจ้€ฒ่กŒๅฝขใฏใ€่ฟ‘ใ„ๅฐ†ๆฅใฎ่จˆ็”ปใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใจใใซใ‚‚ไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
27:36
Let's take a look.
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่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
27:37
โ€˜She is meeting some friends tonight.โ€™
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ใ€ŒๅฝผๅฅณใฏไปŠๅคœๅ‹้”ใจไผšใ†ไบˆๅฎšใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€
27:41
That's going to happen in the near future.
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ใใ‚Œใฏ่ฟ‘ใ„ๅฐ†ๆฅใซ่ตทใ“ใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
27:44
You'll notice that we have 'she', so the โ€˜beโ€™ verb is โ€˜isโ€™.
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ใ€Œsheใ€ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ใ€Œbeใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใฏใ€Œisใ€ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
27:48
And then we added an โ€˜-ingโ€™ to the end of the verb โ€˜meetโ€™.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใ€Œmeetใ€ใฎ่ชžๅฐพใซใ€Œ-ingใ€ใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
27:53
The next example says, โ€˜We are going on vacation in July.โ€™
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ๆฌกใฎไพ‹ใงใฏใ€ใ€Œ็งใŸใกใฏ 7 ๆœˆใซไผ‘ๆš‡ใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚‹ไบˆๅฎšใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
27:58
The subject here is โ€˜weโ€™, therefore we use the โ€˜beโ€™ verb โ€˜areโ€™.
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ใ“ใ“ใงใฎไธป่ชžใฏใ€Œweใ€ใชใฎใงใ€ใ€Œbeใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใ€Œareใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
28:03
We can also use a contraction and say, โ€˜We're going on vacation in July.โ€™
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็Ÿญ็ธฎๅฝขใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆใ€ใ€Œ7 ๆœˆใซไผ‘ๆš‡ใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚‹ไบˆๅฎšใงใ™ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใฎใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
28:08
Again, another near future plan.
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ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๅบฆใ€่ฟ‘ใ„ๅฐ†ๆฅใฎ่จˆ็”ปใงใ™ใ€‚
28:11
The next example says,
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ๆฌกใฎไพ‹ใงใฏใ€
28:14
โ€˜David is learning to drive tomorrow.โ€™
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ใ€Œใƒ‡ใ‚คใƒ“ใƒƒใƒ‰ใฏๆ˜Žๆ—ฅ้‹่ปขใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅญฆใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใจๆ›ธใ‹ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
28:16
โ€˜tomorrowโ€™ is the near future.
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ใ€Œๆ˜Žๆ—ฅใ€ใจใฏ่ฟ‘ใ„ๆœชๆฅใฎใ“ใจใ€‚
28:19
โ€˜Davidโ€™ is the subject.
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ใ€Œใƒ€ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ€ใŒไธป้กŒใงใ™ใ€‚
28:21
โ€˜Davidโ€™ is a โ€˜heโ€™, so we use โ€˜isโ€™.
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ใ€ŒDavidใ€ใฏใ€Œheใ€ใชใฎใงใ€ใ€Œisใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
28:26
And lastly, โ€˜Vicki and I are teaching English next week.โ€™
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ใใ—ใฆๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ€ใ€Œใƒดใ‚ฃใƒƒใ‚ญใƒผใจ็งใฏๆฅ้€ฑ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ๆ•™ใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
28:30
โ€˜Vicky and Iโ€™โ€ฆ
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ใ€Œใƒดใ‚ฃใƒƒใ‚ญใƒผใจ็งใ€โ€ฆ
28:32
If we think about the subject pronoun is โ€˜weโ€™.
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ไธป่ชžใฎไปฃๅ่ฉžใฏใ€Œ็งใŸใกใ€ใ ใจ่€ƒใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
28:36
That's why we used โ€˜areโ€™.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ“ใใ€Œareใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใŸใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
28:38
โ€˜We are teaching.โ€™
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ใ€Œ็งใŸใกใฏๆ•™ใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
28:41
Let's move on.
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ๆฌกใธ็งปใ‚Šใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
28:43
Now let's talk about the negative form of the present continuous tense.
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ใ•ใฆใ€็พๅœจ้€ฒ่กŒๅฝขใฎๅฆๅฎšๅฝขใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
28:47
I have some examples here.
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ใ“ใ“ใซใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎไพ‹ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
28:49
These two examples are for actions that are happening right now, or longer actions.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ 2 ใคใฎไพ‹ใฏใ€็พๅœจ่กŒใ‚ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ€ใพใŸใฏ้•ทๆœŸใซใ‚ใŸใ‚‹ใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ‚’ๅฏพ่ฑกใจใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
28:57
These last two are for near future plans.
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ๆœ€ๅพŒใฎ 2 ใคใฏ่ฟ‘ใ„ๅฐ†ๆฅใฎ่จˆ็”ปใงใ™ใ€‚
29:00
Let's take a look.
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่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
29:02
The first sentence says, โ€˜I am not having fun.โ€™
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ๆœ€ๅˆใฎๆ–‡ใฏใ€Œๆฅฝใ—ใใชใ„ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
29:06
Now that's not true for me because I am having fun,
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็งใฏๆฅฝใ—ใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€
29:09
but in this example I am not having fun.
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ใ“ใฎไพ‹ใงใฏๆฅฝใ—ใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
29:13
You'll notice that the word โ€˜notโ€™ goes between the โ€˜beโ€™ verb and the โ€˜verb
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ใ€Œnotใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๅ˜่ชžใŒใ€Œbeใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใจใ€Œingใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใฎ้–“ใซใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™
29:19
-ingโ€™.
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ใ€‚
29:20
In the second example it says, โ€˜Jane isn't doing her homework.โ€™
478
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2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎไพ‹ใงใฏใ€ใ€Œใ‚ธใ‚งใƒผใƒณใฏๅฎฟ้กŒใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ใจๆ›ธใ‹ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
29:24
Here we use the contraction โ€˜isn'tโ€™ for โ€˜is notโ€™,
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ใ“ใ“ใงใฏใ€ใ€Œis notใ€ใฎ็Ÿญ็ธฎๅฝขใ€Œisn'tใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€
29:29
so just like the first sentence, we put โ€˜notโ€™ between โ€˜isโ€™ and โ€˜verb -ingโ€™.
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ๆœ€ๅˆใฎๆ–‡ใจๅŒๆง˜ใซใ€ใ€Œisใ€ใจใ€Œๅ‹•่ฉž -ingใ€ใฎ้–“ใซใ€Œnotใ€ใ‚’็ฝฎใใพใ™ใ€‚
29:35
The next sentence says, โ€˜You're not seeing him tonight.โ€™
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ๆฌกใฎๆ–‡ใฏใ€ใ€ŒไปŠๅคœใฏๅฝผใซไผšใ‚ใชใ„ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
29:40
Here we have a contraction for โ€˜you areโ€™.
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ใ“ใ“ใซใฏใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ€ใจใ„ใ†็Ÿญ็ธฎๅฝขใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
29:44
โ€˜You're not seeing him tonight.โ€™
483
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ใ€ŒไปŠๅคœใฏๅฝผใซไผšใ‚ใชใ„ใญใ€‚ใ€
29:47
And finally, โ€˜We are not running tomorrow morning.โ€™
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ใใ—ใฆๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ€ใ€Œๆ˜Žๆ—ฅใฎๆœใฏ่ตฐใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ€
29:51
Here we have the subject โ€˜weโ€™, therefore, we use the โ€˜beโ€™ verb โ€˜areโ€™.
485
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ใ“ใ“ใงใฏไธป่ชžใŒใ€Œweใ€ใชใฎใงใ€be ๅ‹•่ฉžใ€Œareใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
29:56
Donโ€™t forget to add a โ€˜notโ€™ after that to make it negative.
486
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ๅฆๅฎš็š„ใซใ™ใ‚‹ใซใฏใ€ใใฎๅพŒใซใ€Œnotใ€ใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
30:01
Let's move on.
487
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1000
ๆฌกใธ็งปใ‚Šใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
30:02
Now let's talk about how to form โ€˜beโ€™ verb questions in the present continuous tense.
488
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€็พๅœจ้€ฒ่กŒๅฝขใงใ€Œbeใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใฎ็–‘ๅ•ๆ–‡ใ‚’ไฝœใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
30:08
The first example here says,
489
1808960
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ใ“ใ“ใฎๆœ€ๅˆใฎไพ‹ใฏใ€
30:10
โ€˜Is he waiting for you?โ€™
490
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ใ€Œๅฝผใฏใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’ๅพ…ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹?ใ€ ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
30:12
or โ€˜Is he waiting for you?โ€™
491
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ใพใŸใฏใ€Œๅฝผใฏใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’ๅพ…ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€
30:14
We start with the โ€˜beโ€™ verb.
492
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ใ€Œbeใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ™ใ€‚
30:17
Take a look at the subject though.
493
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ใŸใ ใ—ใ€ไธป้กŒใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
30:19
The subject is โ€˜heโ€™ and that's why we start with the โ€˜beโ€™ verb โ€˜isโ€™.
494
1819309
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ไธป่ชžใฏใ€Œheใ€ใชใฎใงใ€be ๅ‹•่ฉžใ€Œisใ€ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ™ใ€‚
30:23
โ€˜Is he waiting for you?โ€™
495
1823480
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ใ€Œๅฝผใฏใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’ๅพ…ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€
30:26
You can answer, โ€˜Yes, he is.โ€™
496
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ใ€Œใฏใ„ใ€ใใ†ใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€ใจ็ญ”ใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
30:28
or โ€˜No he isn't.โ€™
497
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ใพใŸใฏใ€Œใ„ใ„ใˆใ€ๅฝผใฏใใ†ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ€
30:30
The second sentence says,
498
1830549
2070
2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎๆ–‡ใฏ
30:32
โ€˜Are you coming to class?โ€™
499
1832619
2640
ใ€ŒๆŽˆๆฅญใซๆฅใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹?ใ€ ใงใ™ใ€‚
30:35
The subject here is โ€˜youโ€™ and that's why we start with โ€˜areโ€™.
500
1835259
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ใ“ใ“ใงใฎไธป่ชžใฏใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใ€ใชใฎใงใ€ใ€Œใ‚ขใƒฌใ€ใงๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ™ใ€‚
30:39
โ€˜Are you coming to class?โ€™
501
1839309
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ใ€ŒๆŽˆๆฅญใซๆฅใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€
30:41
You can answer, โ€˜Yes I am.โ€™ or โ€˜No, I'm not.โ€™
502
1841870
5139
ใ€Œใฏใ„ใ€ใใ†ใงใ™ใ€ใจ็ญ”ใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ใพใŸใฏใ€Œใ„ใ„ใˆใ€้•ใ„ใพใ™ใ€
30:47
The next question says, โ€˜Is he preparing to study in Canada?โ€™
503
1847009
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ๆฌกใฎ่ณชๅ•ใฏใ€ใ€Œๅฝผใฏใ‚ซใƒŠใƒ€ใซ็•™ๅญฆใ™ใ‚‹ๆบ–ๅ‚™ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹?ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
30:51
The subject is โ€˜heโ€™, and so we start with โ€˜isโ€™.
504
1851890
3999
ไธป่ชžใฏใ€Œheใ€ใชใฎใงใ€ใ€Œisใ€ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ™ใ€‚
30:55
The answer can be, โ€˜Yes, he is.โ€™
505
1855889
2900
็ญ”ใˆใฏใ€Œใฏใ„ใ€ใใ†ใงใ™ใ€ใจ่จ€ใˆใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
30:58
or it can also be โ€˜No, he isn't.โ€™
506
1858789
3640
ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏใ€ใ€Œใ„ใ„ใˆใ€ๅฝผใฏ้•ใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
31:02
Finally the last question says, โ€˜Are they going out tonight?โ€™
507
1862429
4901
ๆœ€ๅพŒใฎ่ณชๅ•ใฏใ€Œๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏไปŠๅคœๅค–ๅ‡บใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใ‹?ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
31:07
The subject here is โ€˜theyโ€™, and so we start with โ€˜areโ€™.
508
1867330
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ใ“ใ“ใงใฎไธป่ชžใฏใ€Œtheyใ€ใชใฎใงใ€ใ€Œareใ€ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ™ใ€‚
31:12
The answer can be โ€˜Yes, they are.โ€™
509
1872169
3360
็ญ”ใˆใฏใ€Œใฏใ„ใ€ใใ†ใงใ™ใ€ใจ่จ€ใˆใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
31:15
or โ€˜No, they aren't.โ€™
510
1875529
2661
ใพใŸใฏใ€Œใ„ใ„ใˆใ€ใใ†ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ€
31:18
Let's move on.
511
1878190
1010
ๆฌกใธ็งปใ‚Šใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
31:19
Now let's talk about the WH question form for the present continuous tense.
512
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ใ•ใฆใ€็พๅœจ้€ฒ่กŒๅฝขใฎWH็–‘ๅ•ๅฝขใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
31:24
I have some examples here
513
1884690
2359
ใ“ใ“ใซใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎไพ‹ใ‚’็คบใ—ใพใ™
31:27
and you'll notice that we start with the WH questions:
514
1887049
3940
ใŒใ€WH ใฎ่ณชๅ•ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
31:30
what, where, when, who, why, and how.
515
1890989
5831
ไฝ•ใ‚’ใ€ใฉใ“ใงใ€ใ„ใคใ€่ชฐใŒใ€ใชใœใ€ใใ—ใฆใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€‚
31:36
What comes after?
516
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ใใฎๅพŒใซไฝ•ใŒๆฅใ‚‹ใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹๏ผŸ
31:38
You'll notice it's the โ€˜beโ€™ verbs: โ€˜areโ€™, โ€˜isโ€™, and if the subject is โ€˜Iโ€™, โ€˜amโ€™.
517
1898289
7230
ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€Œbeใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™:ใ€Œareใ€ใ€ใ€Œisใ€ใ€ไธป่ชžใŒใ€ŒIใ€ใฎๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€Œamใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
31:45
So after that you have the subject and then the verb -ing.
518
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใใฎๅพŒใซไธป่ชžใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ๆฌกใซๅ‹•่ฉž -ing ใŒ็ถšใใพใ™ใ€‚
31:51
Let's take a look at the first sentence.
519
1911779
1850
ๆœ€ๅˆใฎๆ–‡ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
31:53
โ€˜What are you doing?โ€™
520
1913629
1721
'ไฝ•ใ—ใฆใ‚‹ใฎ๏ผŸ'
31:55
I'm asking about right now.
521
1915350
2840
ไปŠใฎใ“ใจใซใคใ„ใฆ่žใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
31:58
For example, โ€˜I'm teaching English.โ€™
522
1918190
2750
ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ€Œ็งใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ๆ•™ใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
32:00
โ€˜Where are you going?โ€™
523
1920940
2209
'ใฉใ“ใซ่กŒใใฎ๏ผŸ'
32:03
โ€˜I'm going to the store.โ€™
524
1923149
2100
'็งใฏๅบ—ใซ่กŒใใพใ™ใ‚ˆใ€‚'
32:05
โ€˜When is it starting?โ€™
525
1925249
3441
ใ€Œใ„ใคๅง‹ใพใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€
32:08
โ€˜It's starting at 3.โ€™
526
1928690
1660
ใ€Œ๏ผ“ๆ™‚ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ ใ‚ˆใ€‚ใ€
32:10
I can be talking about a movie a show anything can be โ€˜itโ€™.
527
1930350
5630
็งใฏๆ˜ ็”ปใ‚„็•ช็ต„ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ€ไฝ•ใงใ‚‚ใ€Œใใ‚Œใ€ใซใชใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
32:15
โ€˜Who is she talking to?โ€™
528
1935980
2520
ใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใฏ่ชฐใจ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€
32:18
โ€˜She's talking to Bob.โ€™
529
1938500
1830
ใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใฏใƒœใƒ–ใจ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
32:20
โ€˜Why is she crying?โ€™
530
1940330
3059
ใ€Œใชใœๅฝผๅฅณใฏๆณฃใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€
32:23
โ€˜She's crying because she's sad.โ€™
531
1943389
2520
ใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใฏๆ‚ฒใ—ใ„ใ‹ใ‚‰ๆณฃใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
32:25
And finally, โ€˜How is it going?โ€™
532
1945909
3510
ใใ—ใฆๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ€Œ่ชฟๅญใฏใฉใ†ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€
32:29
โ€˜It's going well.โ€™
533
1949419
2771
'ไธŠๆ‰‹ใใ„ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚'
32:32
For this checkup of the present continuous tense,
534
1952190
3359
็พๅœจ้€ฒ่กŒๅฝขใฎใ“ใฎใƒใ‚งใƒƒใ‚ฏใงใฏใ€
32:35
we'll look at how this tense can be used to describe an action that's happening right
535
1955549
5091
ใ“ใฎๆ™‚ๅˆถใŒ็พๅœจ่ตทใ“ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซไฝฟ็”จใงใใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใใพใ™
32:40
now.
536
1960640
1000
ใ€‚
32:41
Let's take a look at the first sentence.
537
1961640
2180
ๆœ€ๅˆใฎๆ–‡ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
32:43
โ€˜You -blank- learning English.โ€™
538
1963820
2979
ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใฏ-็ฉบ็™ฝ-่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
32:46
Remember for this tense, we start with the subject and the โ€˜beโ€™ verb
539
1966799
5060
ใ“ใฎๆ™‚ๅˆถใงใฏใ€ไธป่ชžใจใ€Œbeใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚ใฆ
32:51
and then the verb โ€˜-ingโ€™.
540
1971859
2630
ใ€ๆฌกใซๅ‹•่ฉžใ€Œ-ingใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟใ†ใ“ใจใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
32:54
We already have the verb โ€˜-ingโ€™ here, so we need the โ€˜beโ€™ verb.
541
1974489
5231
ใ“ใ“ใซใฏๅ‹•่ฉžใ€Œ-ingใ€ใŒใ™ใงใซใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใ€Œbeใ€ใŒๅฟ…่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚
32:59
The subject in the first sentence is โ€˜youโ€™.
542
1979720
3409
ๆœ€ๅˆใฎๆ–‡ใฎไธป่ชžใฏใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
33:03
For โ€˜youโ€™, โ€˜weโ€™, and โ€˜theyโ€™, we use the โ€˜beโ€™ verb - โ€˜areโ€™,
543
1983129
4780
ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใ€ใ€ใ€Œ็งใŸใกใ€ใ€ใ€Œๅฝผใ‚‰ใ€ใซใฏใ€Œbeใ€ๅ‹•่ฉž - ใ€Œareใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹
33:07
so the correct answer is,
544
1987909
1750
ใฎใงใ€ๆญฃ่งฃใฏ
33:09
โ€˜You are learning Englishโ€™ right now.
545
1989659
3850
ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใฏไปŠ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
33:13
The next sentence says,
546
1993509
2160
ๆฌกใฎๆ–‡ใซใฏใ€
33:15
โ€˜She _blank_ not watching TV.โ€™
547
1995669
3791
ใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใฏใƒ†ใƒฌใƒ“ใ‚’_็ฉบ็™ฝ_่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ€ใจ
33:19
This is the negative form of the present continuous tense.
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ๆ›ธใ‹ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ็พๅœจ้€ฒ่กŒๅฝขใฎๅฆๅฎšๅฝขใงใ™ใ€‚
33:23
We have the word โ€˜notโ€™ before the verb โ€˜-ingโ€™,
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ๅ‹•่ฉžใ€Œ-ingใ€ใฎๅ‰ใซๅ˜่ชžใ€Œnotใ€ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
33:28
However, we're missing the โ€˜beโ€™ verb again.
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ใŒใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใ€Œbeใ€ใŒใพใŸๆŠœใ‘ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
33:31
What is the be verb to use if the subject is โ€˜sheโ€™?
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ไธป่ชžใŒใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใ€ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€beๅ‹•่ฉžใฏไฝ•ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹?
33:35
the correct answer is โ€˜isโ€™.
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ๆญฃ่งฃใฏใ€Œใงใ™ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
33:38
โ€˜She is not watching TV.โ€™
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ใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใฏใƒ†ใƒฌใƒ“ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ€
33:41
This one says, โ€˜I _blank_ studying now.โ€™
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ใ€Œ็งใฏไปŠ_็ฉบ็™ฝ_ๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใจๆ›ธใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
33:47
The subject here is โ€˜Iโ€™.
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ใ“ใ“ใงใฎไธป่ชžใฏใ€Œ็งใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
33:50
Again think of the โ€˜beโ€™ verb that goes before the subject โ€˜Iโ€™.
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ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๅบฆใ€ไธป่ชžใ€ŒIใ€ใฎๅ‰ใซใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€Œbeใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใซใคใ„ใฆ่€ƒใˆใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
33:55
The โ€˜beโ€™ verb is โ€˜amโ€™.
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ใ€Œbeใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใฏใ€Œamใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
33:57
โ€˜I am studying now.โ€™
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ใ€Œ็งใฏไปŠๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
34:00
We can also use a contraction and say, โ€˜I'm studying nowโ€™
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็Ÿญ็ธฎๅฝขใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆใ€ใ€Œ็งใฏไปŠๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™
34:06
If we wanted to turn this into the negative form,
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ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ๅฆๅฎšๅฝขใซๅค‰ใˆใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€
34:09
we can also say, โ€˜I'm not studying now.โ€™
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ใ€Œ็งใฏไปŠๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
34:13
Now, take a look at the next sentence and find the mistake.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ๆฌกใฎๆ–‡ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆ้–“้•ใ„ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
34:18
โ€˜Layla is watch a movie.โ€™
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ใ€Œใƒฌใ‚คใƒฉใฏๆ˜ ็”ปใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
34:22
Here we have the subject and the subject pronoun for Layla would be โ€˜sheโ€™.
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ใ“ใ“ใซใฏไธป่ชžใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€Layla ใฎไธป่ชžไปฃๅ่ฉžใฏใ€Œsheใ€ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
34:27
We have the correct โ€˜beโ€™ verb - โ€˜isโ€™,
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ๆญฃใ—ใ„ 'be' ๅ‹•่ฉžใ€ใคใพใ‚Š 'is' ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
34:31
However, you'll notice we forgot the โ€˜-ingโ€™ at the end of the verb.
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ใŒใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใฎๆœซๅฐพใฎ '-ing' ใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆฐ—ใฅใใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
34:37
We need to say, โ€˜watchingโ€™.
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ใ€Œ่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
34:40
โ€˜Layla is watching a movie.โ€™
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ใ€Œใƒฌใ‚คใƒฉใฏๆ˜ ็”ปใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
34:44
The next sentence says,
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ๆฌกใฎๆ–‡ใซใฏใ€
34:46
โ€˜They playing soccer now.โ€™
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ใ€Œๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏไปŠใ‚ตใƒƒใ‚ซใƒผใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€ใจใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
34:48
What's missing?
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ไฝ•ใŒ่ถณใ‚Šใชใ„ใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹๏ผŸ
34:50
If you got it the correct answer is we need the โ€˜beโ€™ verb โ€“ โ€˜areโ€™
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸๅ ดๅˆใ€ๆญฃใ—ใ„็ญ”ใˆใฏใ€
34:56
because the subject is โ€˜theyโ€™.
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ไธป่ชžใŒใ€Œtheyใ€ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ใ€Œbeใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใ€ใคใพใ‚Šใ€Œareใ€ใŒๅฟ…่ฆใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
34:58
โ€˜They are playing soccer now.โ€™
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ใ€Œๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏไปŠใ‚ตใƒƒใ‚ซใƒผใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
35:01
And finally, โ€˜What do you do?โ€™
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ใใ—ใฆๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ€Œไฝ•ใ‚’ใ—ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€
35:05
If you want to ask somebody what they're doing right now,
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่ชฐใ‹ใซไปŠไฝ•ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ๅฐ‹ใญใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€
35:09
you say, 'whatโ€™... and the โ€˜beโ€™ verb โ€“ โ€˜are...
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ใ€Œไฝ•ใ‚’ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใ€ใ€Œbeใ€ๅ‹•่ฉž โ€“ ใ€Œ
35:16
you..
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ ...ไฝ•
35:18
doing?โ€™
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ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใ‹?ใ€
35:20
โ€˜What are you doing?โ€™
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'ไฝ•ใ—ใฆใ‚‹ใฎ๏ผŸ'
35:24
Let's move on to the next practice.
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ๆฌกใฎ็ทด็ฟ’ใซ็งปใ‚Šใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
35:26
For this checkup we'll talk about the present continuous tense
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ใ“ใฎๆคœๆŸปใงใฏใ€็พๅœจ้€ฒ่กŒๅฝขใซใคใ„ใฆ
35:30
and how it can be used to describe an action that started in the past and continues today.
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ใ€ใใ—ใฆ้ŽๅŽปใซๅง‹ใพใ‚Š็พๅœจใ‚‚็ถšใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ‹•ไฝœใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซ็พๅœจ้€ฒ่กŒๅฝขใ‚’ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซไฝฟ็”จใงใใ‚‹ใ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
35:36
It's a longer action.
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ใ‚ˆใ‚Š้•ทใ„ใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใงใ™ใ€‚
35:38
Let's take a look at the first sentence.
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ๆœ€ๅˆใฎๆ–‡ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
35:40
โ€˜He _blank_ studying economics.โ€™
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ใ€Œๅฝผใฏ็ตŒๆธˆๅญฆใ‚’_็ฉบ็™ฝ_ๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
35:44
Remember for this tense, we take the subject, a โ€˜beโ€™ verb, and then verb โ€˜-ingโ€™.
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ใ“ใฎๆ™‚ๅˆถใงใฏใ€ไธป่ชžใ€ใ€Œbeใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใ€ใใ—ใฆๅ‹•่ฉžใ€Œ-ingใ€ใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
35:51
Here we already have the verb โ€˜-ingโ€™, โ€˜studyingโ€™.
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ใ“ใ“ใซใฏใ™ใงใซๅ‹•่ฉžใ€Œ-ingใ€ใ€ใ€Œๅ‹‰ๅผทใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
35:55
So what are we missing?
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ใงใฏใ€็งใŸใกใซใฏไฝ•ใŒๆฌ ใ‘ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹๏ผŸ
35:56
The โ€˜beโ€™ verb.
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ใ€Œbeใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใ€‚
35:58
The correct โ€˜beโ€™ verb for the subject โ€˜heโ€™ is โ€˜isโ€™.
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ไธป่ชžใ€Œheใ€ใซๅฏพใ™ใ‚‹ๆญฃใ—ใ„ be ๅ‹•่ฉžใฏใ€Œisใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
36:01
So, โ€˜He is studying economics.โ€™
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ€Œๅฝผใฏ็ตŒๆธˆๅญฆใ‚’ๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
36:06
The next sentence says, โ€˜They're _blank_ for the fight.โ€™
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ๆฌกใฎๆ–‡ใฏใ€ใ€Œๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๆˆฆใ„ใฎใŸใ‚ใซ_็ฉบ็™ฝ_ใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€ใจ่ฟฐในใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
36:11
The verb we want to use is โ€˜trainโ€™.
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็งใŸใกใŒไฝฟใ„ใŸใ„ๅ‹•่ฉžใฏใ€Œtrainใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
36:14
Now we already have the 'be' verb here.
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ใ“ใ“ใซใฏใ™ใงใซใ€Œbeใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
36:17
It's in the contraction โ€˜thereโ€™ because it's โ€˜they areโ€™.
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ใ€Œๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€Œthereใ€ใจใ„ใ†็Ÿญ็ธฎๅฝขใซใชใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
36:22
All we have to do now is add โ€˜-ingโ€™ to the verb.
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ใ‚ใจใฏๅ‹•่ฉžใซใ€Œ-ingใ€ใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚
36:27
โ€˜They're training for the fight these days.โ€™
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ใ€Œๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๆœ€่ฟ‘ใ€ๆˆฆใ„ใซๅ‘ใ‘ใฆ่จ“็ทดใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚“ใ ใ€‚ใ€
36:32
And โ€˜We _blank_ teaching at the school.โ€™
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ€Œ็งใŸใกใฏๅญฆๆ กใง_็ฉบ็™ฝ_ๆ•™ใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
36:37
Again we're missing the โ€˜beโ€™ verb.
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ใ“ใ“ใงใ‚‚ใ€Œbeใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใŒๆŠœใ‘ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
36:40
What is the โ€˜beโ€™ verb for โ€˜weโ€™?
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ใ€Œ็งใŸใกใ€ใ‚’่กจใ™ใ€Œbeใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹?
36:42
The correct answer is โ€˜areโ€™.
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ๆญฃ่งฃใฏใ€Œใ‚ขใƒฌใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
36:45
โ€˜We are teaching at the school.โ€™
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ใ€Œ็งใŸใกใฏๅญฆๆ กใงๆ•™ใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
36:50
Now let's look for the mistakes in the next sentence.
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ใงใฏใ€ๆฌกใฎๆ–‡ใฎ้–“้•ใ„ใ‚’ๆŽขใ—ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
36:54
โ€˜Ben is study to become a doctor.โ€™
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ใ€Œใƒ™ใƒณใฏๅŒป่€…ใซใชใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
36:59
Can you find the error?
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ใ‚จใƒฉใƒผใ‚’่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ‹?
37:01
Well we have the subject and we have the proper โ€˜be verbโ€™.
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ไธป่ชžใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€้ฉๅˆ‡ใช 'be ๅ‹•่ฉž' ใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
37:06
What we're missing is the โ€˜-ingโ€™ at the end of โ€˜studyโ€™.
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ๆฌ ใ‘ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใฏใ€ใ€Œstudyใ€ใฎๆœ€ๅพŒใฎใ€Œ-ingใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
37:12
The correct answer is, โ€˜Ben is studying to become a doctorโ€™.
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ๆญฃ่งฃใฏใ€Œใƒ™ใƒณใฏๅŒป่€…ใซใชใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
37:18
Let's look at the next sentence.
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ๆฌกใฎๆ–‡ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
37:19
โ€˜I don't reading that book.โ€™
611
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ใ€Œ็งใฏใใฎๆœฌใ‚’่ชญใฟใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ€
37:23
hmm
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ใ†ใƒผใ‚“
37:24
โ€˜I don't reading that book.โ€™
613
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ใ€ใ€Œ็งใฏใใฎๆœฌใ‚’่ชญใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ€
37:26
To form the negative in the present continuous, we don't use โ€˜doโ€™ or โ€˜doesโ€™
614
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็พๅœจ้€ฒ่กŒๅฝขใงๅฆๅฎšใ‚’ๅฝขๆˆใ™ใ‚‹ใซใฏใ€ใ€Œdoใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œdoesใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ›ใšใ€
37:33
We use the โ€˜beโ€™ verb.
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ใ€Œbeใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
37:35
What is the be verb for โ€˜Iโ€™?
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ใ€Œ็งใ€ใ‚’่กจใ™beๅ‹•่ฉžใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹?
37:38
The correct answer is โ€˜amโ€™.
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ๆญฃ่งฃใฏใ€Œๅˆๅ‰ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
37:40
โ€˜I am not reading that book.โ€™
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ใ€Œ็งใฏใใฎๆœฌใ‚’่ชญใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ€
37:46
There is no contraction for โ€˜am notโ€™.
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ใ€Œam notใ€ใซใฏ็Ÿญ็ธฎๅฝขใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
37:50
Finally, โ€˜They are to learn English.โ€™
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ๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ€ใ€Œๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ๅญฆใถใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€
37:54
We have the subject and we have the correct โ€˜beโ€™ verb,
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ไธป่ชžใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ๆญฃใ—ใ„ 'be' ๅ‹•่ฉžใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
37:58
but remember we need verb โ€˜-ingโ€™.
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ใŒใ€ๅ‹•่ฉž '-ing' ใŒๅฟ…่ฆใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
38:01
Therefore, the correct answer is,
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๆญฃ่งฃใฏ
38:04
โ€˜They are learning English.โ€™
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ใ€Œๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ๅญฆใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
38:09
Let's move on to the next checkup.
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ๆฌกใฎๆคœๆŸปใซ็งปใ‚Šใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎใƒใ‚งใƒƒใ‚ฏใงใฏใ€็พๅœจ้€ฒ่กŒๅฝขใ‚’
38:12
For this checkup we'll take a look at how the present continuous tense
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ๅฐ†ๆฅใฎ่จˆ็”ปใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใŸใ‚ใซใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซไฝฟ็”จใงใใ‚‹ใ‹
38:16
can be used to talk about future plans.
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ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใใพใ™ ใ€‚
38:19
Let's take a look.
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่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
38:21
The first sentence says, โ€˜They're play a game tonight.โ€™
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ๆœ€ๅˆใฎๆ–‡ใฏใ€ใ€Œๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏไปŠๅคœใ‚ฒใƒผใƒ ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ไบˆๅฎšใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€ใจ่ฟฐในใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
38:25
The verb we want to use is โ€˜playโ€™.
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็งใŸใกใŒไฝฟใ„ใŸใ„ๅ‹•่ฉžใฏใ€Œplayใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
38:29
Remember we start with the subject and here we have it, โ€˜theyโ€™.
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ใพใšไธป่ชžใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ“ใ“ใงใฏใ€Œๅฝผใ‚‰ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
38:33
Then we have the โ€˜beโ€™ verb.
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ๆฌกใซใ€Œbeใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
38:35
In this case we used a contraction for โ€˜they are โ€“ โ€˜theyโ€™reโ€™.
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ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ใ€Œๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ โ€“ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ€ใจใ„ใ†็Ÿญ็ธฎๅฝขใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
38:41
That's correct.
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ใใฎใจใŠใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚
38:42
After that we have to add โ€˜-ingโ€™ to the end of the verb,
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ใใฎๅพŒใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใฎ่ชžๅฐพใซใ€Œ-ingใ€ใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹
38:47
so the correct answer is, โ€˜They're playing a game tonight.โ€™
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ใŸใ‚ใ€ๆญฃ่งฃใฏใ€Œๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏไปŠๅคœใ‚ฒใƒผใƒ ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
38:52
The next sentence says, 'We _blank_ not studying tomorrow.โ€™
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ๆฌกใฎๆ–‡ใฏใ€ใ€Œ็งใŸใกใฏๆ˜Žๆ—ฅใฏ_็ฉบ็™ฝ_ๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ€ใจ่ฟฐในใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
38:59
Looks good but there's a word that's missing.
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่‰ฏใ•ใใ†ใงใ™ใŒใ€่ถณใ‚Šใชใ„่จ€่‘‰ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
39:02
This is the negative form because we have โ€˜notโ€™.
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ใ€Œใชใ„ใ€ใฎใงใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅฆๅฎšๅฝขใงใ™ใ€‚
39:05
We simply need the โ€˜beโ€™ verb for โ€˜weโ€™.
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ใ€Œ็งใŸใกใ€ใ‚’่กจใ™ใ€Œbeใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใŒๅฟ…่ฆใชใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚
39:08
The correct โ€˜beโ€™ verb is โ€˜areโ€™.
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ๆญฃใ—ใ„ใ€Œbeใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใฏใ€Œareใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
39:11
โ€˜We are not studying tomorrow.โ€™
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ใ€Œ็งใŸใกใฏๆ˜Žๆ—ฅๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ€
39:15
The next sentence says, โ€˜Lynn is _blank_ out tonight.โ€™
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ๆฌกใฎๆ–‡ใซใฏใ€ใ€ŒใƒชใƒณใฏไปŠๅคœ_็ฉบ็™ฝ_ใงๅค–ๅ‡บใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€ใจๆ›ธใ‹ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
39:20
and we want to use the verb โ€˜goโ€™.
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ใใ—ใฆๅ‹•่ฉžใ€Œgoใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟใ„ใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
39:23
Remember 'Lynn' and then the โ€˜beโ€™ verb โ€“ โ€˜isโ€™.
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ใ€ŒLynnใ€ใจใ€Œbeใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใ€ใคใพใ‚Šใ€Œisใ€ใ‚’ๆ€ใ„ๅ‡บใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
39:27
That's correct.
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ใใฎใจใŠใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚
39:28
All we have to do is add โ€˜-ingโ€™.
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ๅฟ…่ฆใชใฎใฏใ€Œ-ingใ€ใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚
39:30
โ€˜Lynn is going out tonight.โ€™
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ใ€ŒใƒชใƒณใฏไปŠๅคœๅ‡บใ‹ใ‘ใ‚‹ไบˆๅฎšใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€
39:36
To make this negative you can say,
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ๅฆๅฎš็š„ใซใ™ใ‚‹ใซใฏใ€
39:39
โ€˜Lynn is not going out tonight.โ€™
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ใ€ŒใƒชใƒณใฏไปŠๅคœใฏๅค–ๅ‡บใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
39:41
or โ€˜Lynn isn't going out tonight.โ€™
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ใพใŸใฏใ€ŒใƒชใƒณใฏไปŠๅคœใฏๅค–ๅ‡บใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ€
39:43
The next sentence says, โ€˜Laura isn't study this evening.โ€™
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ๆฌกใฎๆ–‡ใฏใ€ŒใƒญใƒผใƒฉใฏไปŠๅคœๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ€ใจใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
39:50
Can you find the mistake?
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้–“้•ใ„ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
39:53
Remember we have to add โ€˜-ingโ€™ to the end of the verb,
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ๅ‹•่ฉžใฎๆœซๅฐพใซใ€Œ-ingใ€ใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€
39:58
so we need to say,
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ใ€ŒใƒญใƒผใƒฉใฏไปŠๅคœๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ใจ
40:00
โ€˜Laura isn't studying this evening.โ€™
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่จ€ใ†ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซ ๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
40:06
The next sentence says,
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ๆฌกใฎๆ–‡ใซใฏ
40:07
โ€˜My sons will playing chess later.โ€™
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ใ€Œ็งใฎๆฏๅญใŸใกใฏๅพŒใงใƒใ‚งใ‚นใ‚’ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€ใจใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
40:11
We are talking about a future plan,
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ๅฐ†ๆฅใฎ่จˆ็”ปใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹
40:14
so you might be tempted to use โ€˜wellโ€™ or โ€˜willโ€™, I'm sorry.
660
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ใฎใงใ€ใ€Œwellใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œwillใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใŸใใชใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚็”ณใ—่จณใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
40:19
However, instead of saying โ€˜willโ€™, we use the โ€˜beโ€™ verb.
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ใŸใ ใ—ใ€ใ€Œwillใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใซใ€Œbeใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
40:23
โ€˜My sons are playing chess later.โ€™
662
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ใ€ŒๆฏๅญใŸใกใฏๅพŒใงใƒใ‚งใ‚นใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ไบˆๅฎšใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€
40:29
And finally, โ€˜She's not to eating dinner tonight.โ€™
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ใใ—ใฆๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ€ใ€ŒๅฝผๅฅณใฏไปŠๅคœๅค•้ฃŸใ‚’้ฃŸในใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ใ€
40:33
There's an extra word in here that we don't need.
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ใ“ใ“ใซใฏๅฟ…่ฆใฎใชใ„ไฝ™ๅˆ†ใชๅ˜่ชžใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
40:37
What is it?
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ใใ‚Œใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
40:39
It's โ€˜toโ€™.
666
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ใ€Œใจใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
40:40
Remember, subject - โ€˜beโ€™ verb, not verb โ€˜-ingโ€™.
667
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ไธป่ชžใฏๅ‹•่ฉžใ€Œ-ingใ€ใงใฏใชใใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใ€Œbeใ€ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
40:46
We do not need โ€˜toโ€™ in this sentence.
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ใ“ใฎๆ–‡ใซใฏใ€Œtoใ€ใฏๅฟ…่ฆใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
40:49
All right well that's the end of this checkup.
669
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ใฏใ„ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใงใ“ใฎๆคœๆŸปใฏ็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚
40:53
Let's move on.
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ๆฌกใธ็งปใ‚Šใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
40:54
Good job, everyone.
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็š†ใ•ใ‚“ใ€ใŠ็–ฒใ‚Œๆง˜ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
40:55
You just completed the lesson on the present continuous tense.
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็พๅœจ้€ฒ่กŒๅฝขใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’ๅฎŒไบ†ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
40:59
This tense is not easy but you did a great job.
673
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ใ“ใฎ็ทŠๅผตๆ„Ÿใฏ็ฐกๅ˜ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ไป•ไบ‹ใ‚’ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
41:02
And keep watching to learn more.
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ใ•ใ‚‰ใซ่ฉณใ—ใ็Ÿฅใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซ่ฆ–่ดใ‚’็ถšใ‘ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
41:05
I know English can be difficult but with practice and effort you will improve.
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่‹ฑ่ชžใฏ้›ฃใ—ใ„ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€็ทด็ฟ’ใ—ใฆๅŠชๅŠ›ใ™ใ‚Œใฐๅฟ…ใšไธŠ้”ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
41:09
I promise.
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็ด„ๆŸใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
41:11
See you in the next video.
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ๆฌกใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใงใŠไผšใ„ใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
41:15
Hi, everyone.
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ใ‚„ใ‚ใฟใ‚“ใชใ€‚
41:22
I'm Esther.
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็งใฏใ‚จใ‚นใ‚ฟใƒผใงใ™ใ€‚
41:23
In this video, I'm going to introduce the present perfect tense.
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ใ“ใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใงใฏ็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
41:28
This tense can be used to talk about an action that happened in the past,
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ใ“ใฎๆ™‚ๅˆถใฏใ€้ŽๅŽปใซ่ตทใ“ใฃใŸ่กŒๅ‹•ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใจใใซไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™
41:32
but when it happened is not very important or itโ€™s unknown.
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ใŒใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒใ„ใค่ตทใ“ใฃใŸใ‹ใฏใใ‚Œใปใฉ้‡่ฆใงใฏใชใ„ใ‹ใ€ไธๆ˜Žใงใ™ใ€‚
41:37
It can also be used to talk about an action that started in the past and continues in
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้ŽๅŽปใซๅง‹ใพใ‚Š ็พๅœจ ใ‚‚็ถšใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹่กŒ็‚บใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใจใใซใ‚‚ไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™
41:43
the present.
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ใ€‚
41:45
We really want to emphasize how long that action has been happening.
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็งใŸใกใฏใ€ใใฎ่กŒๅ‹•ใŒใฉใ‚Œใใ‚‰ใ„ใฎๆœŸ้–“่ตทใ“ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’ๅผท่ชฟใ—ใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
41:50
And finally, we use this tense to talk about a recent action.
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ใใ—ใฆๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ€ใ“ใฎๆ™‚ๅˆถใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆๆœ€่ฟ‘ใฎ่กŒๅ‹•ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
41:55
There's a lot to learn and a lot of important information, so keep watching.
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ๅญฆใถในใใ“ใจใ‚„้‡่ฆใชๆƒ…ๅ ฑใŒใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ๅผ•ใ็ถšใๆณจ็›ฎใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
42:03
Let's talk about one usage of the present perfect tense.
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็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใฎไฝฟใ„ๆ–นใฎ 1 ใคใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
42:07
This tense can be used to talk about an action that happened in the past.
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ใ“ใฎๆ™‚ๅˆถใฏใ€้ŽๅŽปใซ่ตทใ“ใฃใŸ่กŒ็‚บใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใฎใซไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
42:11
But when it happened is not important or not known.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒใ„ใค่ตทใ“ใฃใŸใ‹ใฏ้‡่ฆใงใฏใชใ„ใ—ใ€็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ€‚
42:17
However, this action is important to the conversation right now.
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ใŸใ ใ—ใ€ใ“ใฎใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใฏ็พๆ™‚็‚นใงใฎไผš่ฉฑใซใจใฃใฆ้‡่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚
42:22
Let's take a look at some examples.
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ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎไพ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
42:25
The first one says, โ€˜I have been to Canada.โ€™
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ๆœ€ๅˆใฎใ‚‚ใฎใฏใ€ใ€Œ็งใฏใ‚ซใƒŠใƒ€ใซ่กŒใฃใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
42:29
What we do here is we start with the subject, โ€˜Iโ€™.
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ใ“ใ“ใง็งใŸใกใŒใ‚„ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใฏใ€ใ€Œ็งใ€ใจใ„ใ†ไธป่ชžใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
42:33
For โ€˜Iโ€™, โ€˜youโ€™, โ€˜weโ€™, and โ€˜theyโ€™, we follow with โ€˜haveโ€™.
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ใ€Œ็งใ€ใ€ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใ€ใ€ใ€Œ็งใŸใกใ€ใ€ใ€Œๅฝผใ‚‰ใ€ใฎๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใ€Œhaveใ€ใŒ็ถšใใพใ™ใ€‚
42:39
After that we use the past participle of the verb.
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ใใฎๅพŒใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใฎ้ŽๅŽปๅˆ†่ฉžใ‚’ไฝฟใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
42:42
In this case, the verb is โ€˜beโ€™.
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ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใฏใ€Œbeใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
42:45
And so the past participle is โ€˜beenโ€™.
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้ŽๅŽปๅˆ†่ฉžใฏใ€Œbeenใ€ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
42:47
โ€˜I have been to Canada.โ€™
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ใ€Œ็งใฏใ‚ซใƒŠใƒ€ใซ่กŒใฃใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
42:51
The next sentence says, โ€˜My cousins have seen the movie.โ€™
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ๆฌกใฎๆ–‡ใฏใ€ใ€Œ็งใฎใ„ใจใ“ใŸใกใฏใใฎๆ˜ ็”ปใ‚’่ฆ‹ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€ใจ่ฟฐในใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
42:55
My cousins is a โ€˜theyโ€™.
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็งใฎใ„ใจใ“ใŸใกใฏใ€Œๅฝผใ‚‰ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
42:58
And so again, we follow with โ€˜haveโ€™.
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ใใ—ใฆๅ†ใณใ€Œhaveใ€ใŒ็ถšใใพใ™ใ€‚
43:01
And the past participle of see is โ€˜seenโ€™.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€see ใฎ้ŽๅŽปๅˆ†่ฉžใฏใ€Œ่ฆ‹ใŸใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
43:05
โ€˜They have seen the movie.โ€™
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ใ€Œๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใใฎๆ˜ ็”ปใ‚’่ฆ‹ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
43:08
Or โ€˜My cousins have seen the movie.โ€™
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ใพใŸใฏใ€ใ€Œ็งใฎใ„ใจใ“ใฏใใฎๆ˜ ็”ปใ‚’่ฆ‹ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
43:10
The next example says, โ€˜Chad has gone home.โ€™
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ๆฌกใฎไพ‹ใงใฏใ€ใ€Œใƒใƒฃใƒ‰ใฏๅฎถใซๅธฐใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€ใจ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
43:14
Chad is a โ€˜heโ€™.
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ใƒใƒฃใƒ‰ใฏใ€Œๅฝผใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
43:17
For โ€˜heโ€™, โ€˜sheโ€™, โ€˜itโ€™, we follow with โ€˜hasโ€™.
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ใ€Œๅฝผใ€ใ€ใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใ€ใ€ใ€Œใใ‚Œใ€ใฎๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใ€Œhasใ€ใŒ็ถšใใพใ™ใ€‚
43:22
Then, the past participle โ€˜goneโ€™ is for the verb โ€˜goโ€™.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€้ŽๅŽปๅˆ†่ฉžใ€Œgoneใ€ใฏๅ‹•่ฉžใ€Œgoใ€ใ‚’่กจใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
43:27
โ€˜Chad has gone home.โ€™
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ใ€Œใƒใƒฃใƒ‰ใฏๅฎถใซๅธฐใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
43:30
And finally, โ€˜My phone has been fixed.โ€™
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ใใ—ใฆๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ€ใ€Œ็งใฎ้›ป่ฉฑใฏ็›ดใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
43:34
My phone is an โ€˜itโ€™.
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็งใฎ้›ป่ฉฑใฏใ€Œใใ‚Œใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
43:36
Therefore, I use โ€˜hasโ€™.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ€Œhasใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
43:39
And then I need the past participle of โ€˜beโ€™ โ€“ โ€˜beenโ€™.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ€Œbeใ€ใฎ้ŽๅŽปๅˆ†่ฉž โ€“ ใ€Œbeenใ€ใŒๅฟ…่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚
43:42
โ€˜My phone has been fixed.โ€™
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ใ€Œ็งใฎ้›ป่ฉฑใฏ็›ดใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
43:46
Let's move on to the next usage.
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ๆฌกใฎไฝฟใ„ๆ–นใซ็งปใ‚Šใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
43:48
The present perfect tense is also used to describe an action that started in the past
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็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๆ™‚ๅˆถใฏใ€้ŽๅŽปใซๅง‹ใพใ‚Š ็พๅœจใ‚‚็ถšใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹
43:54
and continues in the present.
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่กŒ็‚บใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใซใ‚‚ไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™
43:56
โ€˜forโ€™ and sinceโ€™ are common expressions used with the present perfect tense.
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ใ€‚ ใ€Œforใ€ใจใ€Œsinceใ€ใฏ็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใงไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใช่กจ็พใงใ™ใ€‚
44:02
Let's take a look at these examples.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎไพ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
44:05
โ€˜I have worked there since 2002.โ€™
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ใ€Œ2002ๅนดใ‹ใ‚‰ใใ“ใงๅƒใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
44:09
You'll notice we start with the subject.
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ใ“ใฎไธป้กŒใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
44:11
If it's โ€˜Iโ€™, โ€˜youโ€™ or โ€˜weโ€™, we have โ€˜haveโ€™.
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ใ€Œ็งใ€ใ€ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใ€ใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œ็งใŸใกใ€ใฎๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใ€ŒๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
44:16
Then the past participle of the verb.
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ๆฌกใซๅ‹•่ฉžใฎ้ŽๅŽปๅˆ†่ฉžใ€‚
44:19
In this case - โ€˜workedโ€™.
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ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆ - ใ€Œใ†ใพใใ„ใใพใ—ใŸใ€ใ€‚
44:21
What you'll notice here is that we also have โ€˜since 2002โ€™.
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ใ“ใ“ใงๆฐ—ใฅใใฎใฏใ€ใ€Œsince 2002ใ€ใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
44:26
This shows when the action started, so with the expression โ€˜sinceโ€™, you need to use
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใŒใ„ใค้–‹ๅง‹ใ•ใ‚ŒใŸใ‹ใ‚’็คบใ™ใŸใ‚ใ€ใ€Œsinceใ€ใจใ„ใ†่กจ็พใงใฏ
44:32
a specific point in time.
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็‰นๅฎšใฎๆ™‚็‚นใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
44:35
The next example does the same thing.
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ๆฌกใฎไพ‹ใงใ‚‚ๅŒใ˜ใ“ใจใ‚’่กŒใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
44:38
โ€˜You have had a car since last year.โ€™
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ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅŽปๅนดใ‹ใ‚‰่ปŠใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใญใ€‚ใ€
44:41
Again, we use โ€˜sinceโ€™, so we have a specific point in time - โ€˜last yearโ€™.
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็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ€Œsinceใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ใ€Œๆ˜จๅนดใ€ใจใ„ใ†็‰นๅฎšใฎๆ™‚็‚นใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
44:48
Take a look at the next example.
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ๆฌกใฎไพ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
44:50
โ€˜Anna has liked him for weeks.โ€™
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ใ€Œใ‚ขใƒณใƒŠใฏไฝ•้€ฑ้–“ใ‚‚ๅฝผใฎใ“ใจใŒๅฅฝใใงใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
44:53
In this case the subject is โ€˜Annaโ€™.
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ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใฎไธป่ชžใฏใ€Œใ‚ขใƒณใƒŠใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
44:56
Which is a โ€˜sheโ€™, and so we use โ€˜hasโ€™.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใ€ใชใฎใงใ€ใ€Œhasใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
44:59
Then the past participle โ€˜likedโ€™.
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ๆฌกใซใ€้ŽๅŽปๅˆ†่ฉžใฏใ€Œๅฅฝใใ€ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
45:02
However, at the end of the sentence, we see โ€˜for weeksโ€™.
737
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ใŸใ ใ—ใ€ๆ–‡ใฎๆœ€ๅพŒใซใฏใ€Œforweeksใ€ใจ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
45:08
Not โ€˜since weeksโ€™.
738
2708240
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ใ€Œๆ•ฐ้€ฑ้–“ไปฅๆฅใ€ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
45:10
When we use โ€˜forโ€™, we talk about the duration.
739
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ใ€Œforใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ๆœŸ้–“ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
45:13
We explain how long this action has been true.
740
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4240
ใ“ใฎ่กŒ็‚บใŒใฉใ‚Œใใ‚‰ใ„ใฎๆœŸ้–“็œŸๅฎŸใงใ‚ใฃใŸใ‹ใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
45:18
And finally, โ€˜We have eaten lunch here for 3 months.โ€™
741
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ใใ—ใฆๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ€ใ€Œ็งใŸใกใฏใ“ใ“ใง3ใ‹ๆœˆ้–“ใƒฉใƒณใƒใ‚’้ฃŸในใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
45:22
Again, the sentence ends with โ€˜for 3 monthsโ€™.
742
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ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๅบฆ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€ๆ–‡ใฏใ€Œ3ใ‹ๆœˆใฎ้–“ใ€ใง็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
45:26
So we show the duration.
743
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๆœŸ้–“ใ‚’็คบใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
45:29
Let's move on to the next usage.
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ๆฌกใฎไฝฟใ„ๆ–นใซ็งปใ‚Šใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
45:32
In addition, the present perfect tense can be used to describe an action that recently
745
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ใ•ใ‚‰ใซใ€็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๆ™‚ๅˆถใฏใ€ๆœ€่ฟ‘
45:38
stopped.
746
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ๅœๆญขใ—ใŸใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
45:39
Letโ€™s take a look at some examples.
747
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ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎไพ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
45:41
โ€˜I have just been to the doctor,โ€™
748
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ใ€Œ็งใฏใกใ‚‡ใ†ใฉๅŒป่€…ใซ่กŒใฃใฆใใŸใจใ“ใ‚ใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€
45:44
So just like for all the other usages, we start with the subject,
749
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ไป–ใฎใ™ในใฆใฎ็”จๆณ•ใจๅŒๆง˜ใซใ€ไธป่ชž
45:49
โ€˜haveโ€™ or โ€˜hasโ€™, and the past participle.
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ใ€Œhaveใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œhasใ€ใจ้ŽๅŽปๅˆ†่ฉžใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ™ใ€‚
45:52
But you'll notice here, I used the word โ€˜justโ€™ between โ€˜haveโ€™ and the verb.
751
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ“ใ“ใงใŠๆฐ—ใฅใใ‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ€Œhaveใ€ใจๅ‹•่ฉžใฎ้–“ใซใ€Œjustใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
45:58
โ€˜I have just been to the doctor.โ€™
752
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ใ€Œ็งใฏใกใ‚‡ใ†ใฉๅŒป่€…ใซ่กŒใฃใฆใใŸใจใ“ใ‚ใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€
46:02
This shows that it happened very recently.
753
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒใ”ใๆœ€่ฟ‘ใซ่ตทใ“ใฃใŸใ“ใจใ‚’็คบใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
46:06
The next example says, โ€˜James has just seen his new baby.โ€™
754
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ๆฌกใฎไพ‹ใงใฏใ€ใ€Œใ‚ธใ‚งใƒผใƒ ใ‚บใฏ็”Ÿใพใ‚ŒใŸใฐใ‹ใ‚Šใฎ่ตคใกใ‚ƒใ‚“ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใŸใจใ“ใ‚ใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€ใจ่ฟฐในใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
46:10
Again, just goes in between โ€˜haveโ€™ or โ€˜hasโ€™ and the verb.
755
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็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ€Œhaveใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œhasใ€ใจๅ‹•่ฉžใฎ้–“ใซๅ…ฅใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚
46:16
Take a look at the next example.
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ๆฌกใฎไพ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
46:19
It says, โ€˜She has already been to China.โ€™
757
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ใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใฏใ™ใงใซไธญๅ›ฝใซ่กŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใจๆ›ธใ‹ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
46:23
โ€˜alreadyโ€™ is another word you can use to show that this action recently happened.
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ใ€Œใ™ใงใซใ€ใฏใ€ใ“ใฎใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใŒๆœ€่ฟ‘่กŒใ‚ใ‚ŒใŸใ“ใจใ‚’็คบใ™ใŸใ‚ใซไฝฟ็”จใงใใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใ† 1 ใคใฎๅ˜่ชžใงใ™ใ€‚
46:29
However, โ€˜alreadyโ€™ can also be moved to the end of the sentence.
759
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ใŸใ ใ—ใ€ใ€Œalreadyใ€ใ‚’ๆ–‡ๆœซใซ็งปๅ‹•ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
46:35
So it's perfectly fine to say, โ€˜She has been to China already.โ€™
760
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใฏใ™ใงใซไธญๅ›ฝใซ่กŒใฃใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใฎใฏใพใฃใŸใๅ•้กŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
46:41
And in the last example, โ€˜We have recently visited Tom.โ€™
761
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ใใ—ใฆๆœ€ๅพŒใฎไพ‹ใงใฏใ€ใ€Œ็งใŸใกใฏๆœ€่ฟ‘ใƒˆใƒ ใ‚’่จชๅ•ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
46:45
Again, you can put this word between โ€˜haveโ€™ or โ€˜hasโ€™ and the verb.
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็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ“ใฎๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ใ€Œhaveใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œhasใ€ใจๅ‹•่ฉžใฎ้–“ใซ็ฝฎใใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
46:51
Or you can also put it at the end of the sentence.
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ใพใŸใฏๆ–‡ๆœซใซ็ฝฎใใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
46:54
โ€˜We have visited Tom recently.โ€™
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ใ€Œ็งใŸใกใฏๆœ€่ฟ‘ใƒˆใƒ ใ‚’่จชใญใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
46:58
Let's move on.
765
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ๆฌกใธ็งปใ‚Šใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
46:59
Let's take a look at the negative form of the present perfect tense.
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็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใฎๅฆๅฎšๅฝขใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
47:04
Here are some examples.
767
2824060
1940
ใ“ใ“ใงใฏใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎไพ‹ใ‚’็คบใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
47:06
The first one says, โ€˜I have not been to Europe.โ€™
768
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ๆœ€ๅˆใฎใ‚‚ใฎใฏใ€Œ็งใฏใƒจใƒผใƒญใƒƒใƒ‘ใซ่กŒใฃใŸใ“ใจใŒใชใ„ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
47:09
What you'll notice in the first sentence is that we simply put a 'not' between โ€˜haveโ€™
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ๆœ€ๅˆใฎๆ–‡ใงๆฐ—ใฅใใฎใฏใ€ๅ˜ใซใ€Œhaveใ€
47:15
and โ€˜beenโ€™.
770
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ใจใ€Œbeenใ€ใฎ้–“ใซใ€Œnotใ€ใ‚’ๅ…ฅใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
47:16
โ€˜I have not been to Europe.โ€™
771
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ใ€Œ็งใฏใƒจใƒผใƒญใƒƒใƒ‘ใซ่กŒใฃใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ€
47:20
You can also use a contraction and say โ€˜I haven't been to Europe.โ€™
772
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็Ÿญ็ธฎๅฝขใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆใ€Œ็งใฏใƒจใƒผใƒญใƒƒใƒ‘ใซ่กŒใฃใŸใ“ใจใŒใชใ„ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
47:26
The next sentence says, โ€˜It has not rained for 3 months.โ€™
773
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ๆฌกใฎๆ–‡ใฏใ€Œ3ใƒถๆœˆ้–“้›จใŒ้™ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ€ใจใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
47:31
Again, we put the โ€˜notโ€™ between the โ€˜hasโ€™ and the verb.
774
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็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ€Œhasใ€ใจๅ‹•่ฉžใฎ้–“ใซใ€Œnotใ€ใ‚’็ฝฎใใพใ™ใ€‚
47:36
โ€˜It has not rained for 3 months.โ€™
775
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ใ€Œ3ใƒถๆœˆใ‚‚้›จใŒ้™ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ€
47:40
Here we have a time expression to show the duration.
776
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ใ“ใ“ใซใฏๆœŸ้–“ใ‚’็คบใ™ๆ™‚้–“ๅผใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
47:44
The next example says, โ€˜Teddy hasn't driven for 2 years.โ€™
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ๆฌกใฎไพ‹ใงใฏใ€ใ€Œใƒ†ใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใฏ 2 ๅนด้–“้‹่ปขใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ใจ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
47:50
We used the contraction here for โ€˜hasโ€™ and โ€˜notโ€™ โ€“ โ€˜hasn'tโ€™.
778
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ใ“ใ“ใงใฏใ€ใ€Œใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€ใจใ€Œใชใ„ใ€ใ€ใคใพใ‚Šใ€Œใชใ„ใ€ใจใ„ใ†็Ÿญ็ธฎๅฝขใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
47:55
And then we use the time expression โ€˜for 2 yearsโ€™ at the end of the sentence.
779
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ใใ—ใฆๆ–‡ๆœซใซใ€Œ2ๅนด้–“ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๆ™‚้–“่กจ็พใ‚’ไฝฟใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
48:02
And finally, the last sentence says, โ€˜My sons haven't played soccer since 2010.โ€™
780
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ใใ—ใฆๆœ€ๅพŒใฎๆ–‡ใซใฏใ€Œ็งใฎๆฏๅญใŸใกใฏ2010ๅนดไปฅๆฅใ‚ตใƒƒใ‚ซใƒผใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ€ใจใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
48:09
We see another contraction here for โ€˜have notโ€™ โ€“ โ€˜haven'tโ€™.
781
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ใ“ใ“ใงใฏใ€ใ€ŒๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ€ใ€ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ŒๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ€ใฎๅˆฅใฎ็ธฎ็ด„ใŒ่ฆ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
48:14
โ€˜My sons haven't played soccer since 2010.โ€™
782
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ใ€Œ็งใฎๆฏๅญใŸใกใฏ2010ๅนดไปฅๆฅใ‚ตใƒƒใ‚ซใƒผใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ€
48:19
This time expression uses โ€˜sinceโ€™.
783
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ไปŠๅ›žใฏใ€Œsinceใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใŸ่กจ็พใงใ™ใ€‚
48:22
And so we mention a specific point and time.
784
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ใใ“ใงใ€ๅ…ทไฝ“็š„ใชๆ™‚็‚นใจๆ™‚ๅˆปใซใคใ„ใฆ่จ€ๅŠใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
48:26
Let's move on.
785
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ๆฌกใธ็งปใ‚Šใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
48:27
Now let's take a look at the โ€˜haveโ€™ or โ€˜hasโ€™ question form of the present perfect
786
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ๆฌกใซใ€็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†
48:33
tense.
787
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ๅฝขใฎใ€Œhaveใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œhasใ€ใฎ็–‘ๅ•ๅฝขใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
48:34
Take a look at the board.
788
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1970
ใƒœใƒผใƒ‰ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
48:36
The first sentence says, โ€˜Mike has eaten lunch.โ€™
789
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ๆœ€ๅˆใฎๆ–‡ใฏใ€ใ€Œใƒžใ‚คใ‚ฏใฏๆ˜ผ้ฃŸใ‚’้ฃŸในใพใ—ใŸใ€ใจ่ฟฐในใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
48:40
That is a statement.
790
2920340
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ใใ‚Œใฏๅฃฐๆ˜Žใงใ™ใ€‚
48:41
Now to turn it into a question, it's quite easy.
791
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’่ณชๅ•ใซๅค‰ใˆใ‚‹ใจใ€ใจใฆใ‚‚็ฐกๅ˜ใงใ™ใ€‚
48:45
All you have to do is put โ€˜hasโ€™ at the beginning.
792
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3790
ๅ…ˆ้ ญใซใ€Œhasใ€ใ‚’ไป˜ใ‘ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚
48:49
Then you follow with the subject and then the past participle.
793
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4810
ๆฌกใซไธป่ชžใ€ใใ—ใฆ้ŽๅŽปๅˆ†่ฉžใŒ็ถšใใพใ™ใ€‚
48:54
You'll notice that the placement of the past participle doesn't change.
794
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้ŽๅŽปๅˆ†่ฉžใฎ้…็ฝฎใŒๅค‰ใ‚ใฃใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
48:59
We've simply changed the order of the first 2 words.
795
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ๆœ€ๅˆใฎ 2 ใคใฎๅ˜่ชžใฎ้ †ๅบใ‚’ๅค‰ๆ›ดใ—ใŸใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚
49:02
โ€˜Has Mike eaten lunch?โ€™
796
2942900
2350
ใ€Œใƒžใ‚คใ‚ฏใฏๆ˜ผ้ฃŸใ‚’้ฃŸในใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸใ€
49:05
โ€˜Has Mike eaten lunch?โ€™
797
2945250
3000
ใ€Œใƒžใ‚คใ‚ฏใฏๆ˜ผ้ฃŸใ‚’้ฃŸในใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸใ€
49:08
And you can answer by saying โ€˜Yes, he has.โ€™ or โ€˜No, he hasn't.โ€™
798
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5690
ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ€Œใฏใ„ใ€ๅฝผใฏใใ†ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใจ็ญ”ใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ใพใŸใฏใ€Œใ„ใ„ใˆใ€ๅฝผใฏใใ†ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ€
49:13
The next sentence says, โ€˜They have watched the video.โ€™
799
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ๆฌกใฎๆ–‡ใซใฏใ€Œๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’่ฆ‹ใŸใ€ใจๆ›ธใ‹ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
49:18
This is a statement.
800
2958800
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅฃฐๆ˜Žใงใ™ใ€‚
49:20
If we want to turn it into a question, again, we change the order of the first two words.
801
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่ณชๅ•ใซใ—ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใ‚„ใฏใ‚Šๆœ€ๅˆใฎ 2 ใคใฎๅ˜่ชžใฎ้ †ๅบใ‚’ๅค‰ๆ›ดใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
49:26
โ€˜Have theyโ€ฆ?โ€™
802
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ใ€Œๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏโ€ฆ๏ผŸใ€
49:28
And the past participle verb stays in the same place.
803
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ใใ—ใฆ้ŽๅŽปๅˆ†่ฉžๅ‹•่ฉžใฏๅŒใ˜ๅ ดๆ‰€ใซ็•™ใพใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
49:32
โ€˜Have they watched the video?โ€™
804
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ใ€Œๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’่ฆ‹ใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸใ€
49:35
โ€˜Have they watched the video?โ€™
805
2975200
3320
ใ€Œๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’่ฆ‹ใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸใ€
49:38
You can answer this question by saying, โ€˜Yes, they have.โ€™
806
2978520
3900
ใ“ใฎ่ณชๅ•ใซใฏใ€ใ€Œใฏใ„ใ€ใใ†ใงใ™ใ€ใจ็ญ”ใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
49:42
or โ€˜No, they haven't.โ€™
807
2982420
2020
ใพใŸใฏใ€Œใ„ใ„ใˆใ€ใใ†ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ€
49:44
Good job, guys.
808
2984440
1710
ใ„ใ„ใžใ€‚
49:46
Let's move on.
809
2986150
1000
ๆฌกใธ็งปใ‚Šใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
49:47
Now, I'll briefly introduce how to ask WH questions in the present perfect tense.
810
2987150
6300
ใงใฏใ€็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใงWHใฎ่ณชๅ•ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’็ฐกๅ˜ใซ็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
49:53
Take a look at the board.
811
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ใƒœใƒผใƒ‰ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
49:55
I have โ€˜whereโ€™, โ€˜whatโ€™, โ€˜whoโ€™, and โ€˜howโ€™.
812
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4430
ใ€Œใฉใ“ใงใ€ใ€Œไฝ•ใ‚’ใ€ใ€Œ่ชฐใŒใ€ใ€Œใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
49:59
These go at the beginning of the question.
813
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3290
ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏ่ณชๅ•ใฎๅ†’้ ญใซ่จ˜่ผ‰ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
50:02
Let's take a look at the first example.
814
3002800
1870
ๆœ€ๅˆใฎไพ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
50:04
โ€˜Where has Tim been?โ€™
815
3004670
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ใ€Œใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ ใฏใฉใ“ใซ่กŒใฃใŸใฎ๏ผŸใ€
50:07
You'll notice we followed the WH word with โ€˜hasโ€™ or โ€˜haveโ€™.
816
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5520
WH ใจใ„ใ†ๅ˜่ชžใฎๅพŒใซใ€Œhasใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œhaveใ€ใŒไป˜ใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
50:13
In this case, I used โ€˜hasโ€™ because the subject is โ€˜Timโ€™, and Tim is a โ€˜heโ€™.
817
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6290
ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ไธป่ชžใŒใ€ŒTimใ€ใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€Tim ใŒใ€Œheใ€ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ใ€Œhasใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
50:19
And then we followed that with the past participle of the verb.
818
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4190
ใใ—ใฆใ€ใใฎๅพŒใซๅ‹•่ฉžใฎ้ŽๅŽปๅˆ†่ฉžใŒ็ถšใใพใ™ใ€‚
50:23
โ€˜Where has Tim been?โ€™
819
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ใ€Œใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ ใฏใฉใ“ใซ่กŒใฃใŸใฎ๏ผŸใ€
50:26
And I can answer by saying, โ€˜Tim has been home.โ€™
820
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3690
ใใ—ใฆใ€็งใฏใ€Œใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ ใฏๅฎถใซๅธฐใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€ใจ็ญ”ใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
50:29
or โ€˜Tim has been on vacation.โ€™
821
3029710
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ใพใŸใฏใ€Œใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ ใฏไผ‘ๆš‡ไธญใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€
50:32
Something like that.
822
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1300
ใใ‚“ใชๆ„Ÿใ˜ใ€‚
50:33
The next question says, what countries have you visited?
823
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ๆฌกใฎ่ณชๅ•ใฏใ€ใฉใฎๅ›ฝใ‚’่จชใ‚ŒใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹?
50:37
I can answer by saying, โ€˜I have visited China.โ€™
824
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4360
ใ€Œ็งใฏไธญๅ›ฝใ‚’่จชใ‚ŒใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€ใจ็ญ”ใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
50:41
or โ€˜I have visited Mexico.โ€™
825
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2630
ใพใŸใฏใ€Œใƒกใ‚ญใ‚ทใ‚ณใ‚’่จชใ‚ŒใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
50:44
You can also use the contraction โ€˜Iโ€™veโ€™.
826
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็Ÿญ็ธฎๅฝขใ€ŒI'veใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
50:47
โ€˜I've visited China.โ€™
827
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2780
ใ€Œ็งใฏไธญๅ›ฝใ‚’่จชใ‚ŒใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
50:49
The next question says, โ€˜Who has she talked to?โ€™
828
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3850
ๆฌกใฎ่ณชๅ•ใฏใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใฏ่ชฐใจ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ‹?ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
50:53
You can answer by saying, โ€˜She has talked to her mom.โ€™ or โ€˜She has talked to her
829
3053790
5660
ใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใฏๆฏ่ฆชใจ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€ใจ็ญ”ใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ใพใŸใฏใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใฏ
50:59
teacher.โ€™
830
3059450
1000
ๅ…ˆ็”Ÿใจ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
51:00
The next question says, โ€˜How long have you been married?โ€™
831
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4640
ๆฌกใฎ่ณชๅ•ใฏใ€Œ็ตๅฉšใ—ใฆใฉใ‚Œใใ‚‰ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
51:05
โ€˜I've been married for 3 years.โ€™
832
3065090
3430
ใ€Œ็ตๅฉšใ—ใฆ3ๅนดใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
51:08
That's one answer that you can give.
833
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2620
ใใ‚ŒใŒใ‚ใชใŸใŒๅ‡บใ›ใ‚‹ไธ€ใคใฎ็ญ”ใˆใงใ™ใ€‚
51:11
Great job, everybody.
834
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็š†ใ•ใ‚“ใ€็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ไป•ไบ‹ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
51:12
Let's move on.
835
3072490
1430
ๆฌกใธ็งปใ‚Šใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
51:13
For this checkup, we'll take a look at the present perfect tense.
836
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ใ“ใฎๆคœๆŸปใงใฏใ€็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
51:17
Which describes an action that happened at
837
3077830
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้ŽๅŽปใฎๆœช็ŸฅใพใŸใฏไธ็‰นๅฎšใฎๆ™‚ๆœŸ
51:20
an unknown or indefinite time in the past.
838
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ใซ่ตทใ“ใฃใŸ่กŒ็‚บใ‚’่กจใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚
51:24
Let's look at the first sentence.
839
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ๆœ€ๅˆใฎๆ–‡ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
51:25
โ€˜She _blank_ read that book.โ€™
840
3085770
3710
ใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใฏใใฎๆœฌใ‚’ใ€Œ็ฉบ็™ฝใงใ€่ชญใฟใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
51:29
The subject in this sentence is โ€˜sheโ€™.
841
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ใ“ใฎๆ–‡ใฎไธป่ชžใฏใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
51:32
For he/she/it, in this tense we say, โ€˜hasโ€™.
842
3092790
5110
ๅฝผ/ๅฝผๅฅณ/ใใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆใ€ใ“ใฎๆ™‚ๅˆถใงใฏใ€ŒๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
51:37
โ€˜She hasโ€™.
843
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1830
'ๅฝผๅฅณใŒๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹'ใ€‚
51:39
Now, take a look at the verb.
844
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ใ•ใฆใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
51:42
It looks like โ€˜readโ€™.
845
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2170
ใ€Œ่ชญใ‚€ใ€ใฟใŸใ„ใงใ™ใญใ€‚
51:44
But remember we need to use the past participle of the verb.
846
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4000
ใŸใ ใ—ใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใฎ้ŽๅŽปๅˆ†่ฉžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
51:48
So It's actually โ€˜readโ€™.
847
3108380
1990
ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏใ€Œ่ชญใ‚“ใ ใ€ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
51:50
โ€˜readโ€™ and โ€˜readโ€™ are spelled the same.
848
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ใ€Œreadใ€ใจใ€Œreadใ€ใฏๅŒใ˜็ถดใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚
51:53
โ€˜She has read that book.โ€™
849
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ใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใฏใใฎๆœฌใ‚’่ชญใฟใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
51:55
The second sentence says, โ€˜They _blank_ visit China.โ€™
850
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2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎๆ–‡ใซใฏใ€ใ€Œๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ_็ฉบ็™ฝ_ใงไธญๅ›ฝใ‚’่จชๅ•ใ—ใพใ™ใ€ใจๆ›ธใ‹ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
52:00
โ€˜visitโ€™ is the verb that you want to use here.
851
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ใ“ใ“ใงไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅ‹•่ฉžใฏใ€Œvisitใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
52:04
For โ€˜Iโ€™, โ€˜youโ€™, โ€˜weโ€™ and โ€˜theyโ€™, we use โ€˜haveโ€™.
852
3124550
4670
ใ€Œ็งใ€ใ€ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใ€ใ€ใ€Œ็งใŸใกใ€ใ€ใ€Œๅฝผใ‚‰ใ€ใซใฏใ€Œhaveใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
52:09
Not โ€˜hasโ€™.
853
3129220
1480
ใ€ŒๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
52:10
โ€˜They haveโ€™
854
3130700
2080
ใ€Œๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€
52:12
Now, what's the past participle of visit?
855
3132780
3720
ใ•ใฆใ€่จชๅ•ใฎ้ŽๅŽปๅˆ†่ฉžใฏไฝ•ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹๏ผŸ
52:16
The answer is โ€˜visitedโ€™.
856
3136500
2180
็ญ”ใˆใฏใ€Œ่จชๅ•ใ—ใŸใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
52:18
โ€˜They have visited China.โ€™
857
3138680
3270
ใ€Œๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏไธญๅ›ฝใ‚’่จชๅ•ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
52:21
Next, โ€˜We _blank_ see that concert.โ€™
858
3141950
5290
ๆฌกใซใ€ใ€Œ็งใŸใกใฏใใฎใ‚ณใƒณใ‚ตใƒผใƒˆใ‚’_blank_่ฆ‹ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
52:27
Again, for โ€˜Iโ€™, โ€˜youโ€™, weโ€™ and โ€˜theyโ€™ โ€“ we use โ€˜haveโ€™.
859
3147240
5320
็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ€Œ็งใ€ใ€ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใ€ใ€ใ€Œ็งใŸใกใ€ใ€ใ€Œๅฝผใ‚‰ใ€ใซใฏใ€Œhaveใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
52:32
โ€˜We haveโ€™.
860
3152560
1750
'ๆˆ‘ใ€…ใฏๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™'ใ€‚
52:34
Now, the past participle of โ€˜seeโ€™ is 'seen'.
861
3154310
4830
ใ•ใฆใ€ใ€Œseeใ€ใฎ้ŽๅŽปๅˆ†่ฉžใฏใ€Œseenใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
52:39
โ€˜We have seen that concert.โ€™
862
3159140
3260
ใ€Œ็งใŸใกใฏใใฎใ‚ณใƒณใ‚ตใƒผใƒˆใ‚’่ฆ‹ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
52:42
Now, let's look for the mistake in the next sentence.
863
3162400
4610
ใ•ใฆใ€ๆฌกใฎๆ–‡ใฎ้–“้•ใ„ใ‚’ๆŽขใ—ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
52:47
โ€˜Rick have been to Cuba.โ€™
864
3167010
3450
ใ€Œใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใฏใ‚ญใƒฅใƒผใƒใซ่กŒใฃใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚ใ€
52:50
Take a look at the subject, โ€˜Rickโ€™.
865
3170460
2780
ไธป้กŒใ€Œใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ€ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
52:53
Rick is a โ€˜heโ€™.
866
3173240
2370
ใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใฏใ€Œๅฝผใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
52:55
So instead of โ€˜haveโ€™, we need to change this to โ€˜hasโ€™.
867
3175610
5060
ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ใ€Œhaveใ€ใฎไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใซใ€Œhasใ€ใซๅค‰ๆ›ดใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
53:00
โ€˜Rick has been to Cuba.โ€™
868
3180670
2670
ใ€Œใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใฏใ‚ญใƒฅใƒผใƒใซ่กŒใฃใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚ใ€
53:03
โ€˜Sally and I hasn't finished work.โ€™
869
3183340
6160
ใ€Œใ‚ตใƒชใƒผใจ็งใฏใพใ ไป•ไบ‹ใŒ็ต‚ใ‚ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ€
53:09
The subject in this sentence is โ€˜Sallyโ€™ and โ€˜Iโ€™.
870
3189500
2640
ใ“ใฎๆ–‡ใฎไธป่ชžใฏใ€Œใ‚ตใƒชใƒผใ€ใจใ€Œ็งใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
53:12
The pronoun for that is โ€˜weโ€™.
871
3192140
4590
ใใฎไปฃๅ่ฉžใฏใ€Œ็งใŸใกใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
53:16
โ€˜We hasn't finished work.โ€™
872
3196730
2980
ใ€Œ็งใŸใกใฏใพใ ไป•ไบ‹ใŒ็ต‚ใ‚ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ€
53:19
That still sounds weird, right?
873
3199710
2520
ใใ‚Œใฏใพใ ๅฅ‡ๅฆ™ใซ่žใ“ใˆใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
53:22
We have to change this to โ€˜have notโ€™ or the contraction โ€˜haven'tโ€™.
874
3202230
7160
ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ใ€ŒๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ€ใพใŸใฏ็Ÿญ็ธฎๅฝขใฎใ€ŒๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ€ใซๅค‰ๆ›ดใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
53:29
And finally, โ€˜I did go to the doctor.โ€™
875
3209390
4560
ใใ—ใฆๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ€ใ€ŒๅŒป่€…ใซ่กŒใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
53:33
Now this sentence makes sense, but it's not the present perfect tense.
876
3213950
4860
ใ“ใฎๆ–‡ใฏๆ„ๅ‘ณใฏ้€šใ˜ใพใ™ใŒใ€็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
53:38
We have to change it.
877
3218810
1880
ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅค‰ใˆใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
53:40
Remember, we use โ€˜haveโ€™ for the subject, โ€˜Iโ€™.
878
3220690
5040
ไธป่ชžใ€ŒIใ€ใซใฏใ€Œhaveใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
53:45
But we're not done.
879
3225730
2200
ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใง็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
53:47
What is the past participle of โ€˜goโ€™?
880
3227930
6050
ใ€Œgoใ€ใฎ้ŽๅŽปๅˆ†่ฉžใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹?
53:53
It is โ€˜goneโ€™.
881
3233980
1190
ใใ‚Œใฏใ€ŒใชใใชใฃใŸใ€ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
53:55
โ€˜I have gone to the doctor.โ€™
882
3235170
3780
ใ€ŒๅŒป่€…ใซ่กŒใฃใฆใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
53:58
Great job.
883
3238950
1000
ใ‚ˆใใ‚„ใฃใŸใ€‚
53:59
Let's move on to the next checkup.
884
3239950
2180
ๆฌกใฎๆคœๆŸปใซ็งปใ‚Šใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
54:02
In this checkup, we'll talk about the present perfect tense
885
3242130
3490
ใ“ใฎใƒใ‚งใƒƒใ‚ฏใงใฏใ€็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๆ™‚ๅˆถใซใคใ„ใฆใ€
54:05
and how it can be used to describe an action that started in the past and is still true
886
3245620
6010
ใใ—ใฆ้ŽๅŽปใซๅง‹ใพใ‚Š็พๅœจใ‚‚ๆญฃใ—ใ„ๅ‹•ไฝœใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซ็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๆ™‚ๅˆถใŒใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซไฝฟ็”จใงใใ‚‹ใ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆ
54:11
today.
887
3251630
1420
่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚
54:13
The first sentence says, โ€˜I _blank_ known Carly since 1994.โ€™
888
3253050
5800
ๆœ€ๅˆใฎๆ–‡ใฏใ€ใ€Œ็งใฏ 1994 ๅนดใ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚ซใƒผใƒชใƒผใ‚’_็ฉบ็™ฝ_็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€ใจ่ฟฐในใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
54:18
The subject is โ€˜Iโ€™.
889
3258850
2110
ไธป่ชžใฏใ€Œ็งใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
54:20
And we already have the past participle of the verb, โ€˜knowโ€™.
890
3260960
4330
ใใ—ใฆใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใฎ้ŽๅŽปๅˆ†่ฉžใ€Œknowใ€ใŒใ™ใงใซใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
54:25
Which is โ€˜knownโ€™.
891
3265290
1960
ใใ‚Œใฏใ€Œๆ—ข็Ÿฅใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
54:27
What are we missing?
892
3267250
1340
็งใŸใกใซไฝ•ใŒๆฌ ใ‘ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹๏ผŸ
54:28
The correct answer is โ€˜haveโ€™.
893
3268590
1850
ๆญฃ่งฃใฏใ€ŒๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
54:30
For โ€˜Iโ€™, โ€˜youโ€™, โ€˜weโ€™ and โ€˜theyโ€™, we use โ€˜haveโ€™ after the subject.
894
3270440
7450
ใ€Œ็งใ€ใ€ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใ€ใ€ใ€Œ็งใŸใกใ€ใ€ใ€Œๅฝผใ‚‰ใ€ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ไธป่ชžใฎๅพŒโ€‹โ€‹ใซใ€Œhaveใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
54:37
The next sentence says,
895
3277890
1330
ๆฌกใฎๆ–‡ใฏใ€
54:39
โ€˜He has been here _blank_ 2 p.m.โ€™
896
3279220
4350
ใ€Œๅฝผใฏ _blank_ ๅˆๅพŒ 2 ๆ™‚ใซใ“ใ“ใซๆฅใพใ—ใŸใ€ใจ ่ฟฐในใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
54:43
Now the first part is all there.
897
3283570
2930
ใ“ใ‚Œใงใ€ๆœ€ๅˆใฎ้ƒจๅˆ†ใฏใ™ในใฆ็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
54:46
โ€˜He has beenโ€™.
898
3286500
1930
ใ€Œๅฝผใฏใใ†ใ ใฃใŸใ€ใ€‚
54:48
However, remember that for the present perfect tense,
899
3288430
3390
ใŸใ ใ—ใ€็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€
54:51
we use โ€˜forโ€™ or โ€˜sinceโ€™ to talk about how long that action has been true.
900
3291820
6010
ใใฎใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใŒใฉใ‚Œใใ‚‰ใ„ใฎๆœŸ้–“็œŸๅฎŸใงใ‚ใฃใŸใ‹ใ‚’่ฉฑใ™ใŸใ‚ใซใ€Œforใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œsinceใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
54:57
In this case, we use โ€˜sinceโ€™.
901
3297830
3380
ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ใ€Œsinceใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
55:01
Because 2 p.m. is a specific period in time.
902
3301210
5290
ๅˆๅพŒ 2 ๆ™‚ใฏ็‰นๅฎšใฎๆ™‚้–“ๅธฏใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
55:06
Next it says, โ€˜She _blank_ liked Tom since June.โ€™
903
3306500
4860
ๆฌกใซใ€ใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใฏ6ๆœˆใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒˆใƒ ใ‚’_็ฉบ็™ฝ_ๅฅฝใใงใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€ใจๆ›ธใ‹ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
55:11
The subject is โ€˜sheโ€™.
904
3311360
2410
ไธป่ชžใฏใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
55:13
And we have the past participle of the verb โ€˜likeโ€™, which is 'liked'.
905
3313770
5630
ใใ—ใฆๅ‹•่ฉžใ€Œlikeใ€ใฎ้ŽๅŽปๅˆ†่ฉžใฏใ€Œlikedใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
55:19
What are we missing?
906
3319400
1460
็งใŸใกใซไฝ•ใŒๆฌ ใ‘ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹๏ผŸ
55:20
Again, we need โ€˜haveโ€™ or โ€˜hasโ€™.
907
3320860
2820
็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ€Œhaveใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œhasใ€ใŒๅฟ…่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚
55:23
Because the subject is โ€˜sheโ€™...
908
3323680
3240
ไธป่ชžใŒใ€Œsheใ€ใชใฎใงโ€ฆ
55:26
Can you figure out which one you need?
909
3326920
2900
ใฉใ‚ŒใŒๅฟ…่ฆใ‹ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
55:29
The correct answer is โ€˜hasโ€™.
910
3329820
2310
ๆญฃ่งฃใฏใ€Œใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
55:32
โ€˜She has liked Tom since June.โ€™
911
3332130
3570
ใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใฏ6ๆœˆใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒˆใƒ ใฎใ“ใจใŒๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€
55:35
Now, I want you to find a mistake in the next sentence.
912
3335700
4930
ใ•ใฆใ€ๆฌกใฎๆ–‡ใฎ้–“้•ใ„ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
55:40
โ€˜I have worked here six months ago.โ€™
913
3340630
4690
ใ€Œ็งใฏๅŠๅนดๅ‰ใซใ“ใ“ใงๅƒใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
55:45
Can you find a mistake here?
914
3345320
1790
ใ“ใ“ใง้–“้•ใ„ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
55:47
โ€˜I have workedโ€™ - that's correct.
915
3347110
3500
ใ€Œ็งใฏๅƒใ„ใฆใใพใ—ใŸใ€โ€•โ€•ใใฎ้€šใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚
55:50
However, in the present perfect tense, we don't use โ€˜agoโ€™.
916
3350610
5950
ใŸใ ใ—ใ€็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใงใฏใ€Œagoใ€ใฏไฝฟใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
55:56
This is talking about more the past.
917
3356560
2960
ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ‚‚ใฃใจ้ŽๅŽปใฎใ“ใจใ‚’่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
55:59
We want to talk about โ€˜sinceโ€™ or โ€˜forโ€™ instead.
918
3359520
4370
ไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใซใ€ใ€Œไปฅๆฅใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€ŒใฎใŸใ‚ใซใ€ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
56:03
Now โ€˜six monthsโ€™ is not a specific time.
919
3363890
3650
ใ•ใฆใ€ใ€Œ6ใ‹ๆœˆใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใฎใฏ็‰นๅฎšใฎๆ™‚ๆœŸใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
56:07
So we don't use โ€˜sinceโ€™.
920
3367540
2160
ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ€Œsinceใ€ใฏไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
56:09
Instead, we talk about the duration.
921
3369700
3450
ไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใซใ€ๆœŸ้–“ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
56:13
So we need โ€˜forโ€™.
922
3373150
2500
ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ€Œforใ€ใŒๅฟ…่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚
56:15
We'll say, โ€˜I have worked here for six months.โ€™
923
3375650
5150
ใ€Œ็งใฏใ“ใ“ใงๅŠๅนดๅƒใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
56:20
Let's take a look at the next sentence.
924
3380800
2140
ๆฌกใฎๆ–‡ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
56:22
โ€˜Jen have a cold for two weeks.โ€™
925
3382940
4400
ใ€Œใ‚ธใ‚งใƒณใฏ2้€ฑ้–“้ขจ้‚ชใ‚’ใฒใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
56:27
At first glance, this doesn't seem that wrong.
926
3387340
3580
ไธ€่ฆ‹ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใใ‚Œใปใฉ้–“้•ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใฏ่ฆ‹ใˆใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
56:30
But remember, Jen is a โ€˜sheโ€™.
927
3390920
3560
ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ‚ธใ‚งใƒณใฏใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใ€ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
56:34
So we need โ€˜hasโ€™.
928
3394480
1170
ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ€Œhasใ€ใŒๅฟ…่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚
56:35
โ€˜Jen hasโ€™.
929
3395650
1380
ใ€Œใ‚ธใ‚งใƒณใฏๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใ€‚
56:37
But wait a minute, โ€˜Jen has have a coldโ€™?
930
3397030
5380
ใงใ‚‚ใกใ‚‡ใฃใจๅพ…ใฃใฆใ€ใ€Œใ‚ธใ‚งใƒณใฏ้ขจ้‚ชใ‚’ใฒใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€๏ผŸ
56:42
That's not right either.
931
3402410
1000
ใใ‚Œใ‚‚ๆญฃใ—ใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
56:43
We need the past participle of โ€˜haveโ€™.
932
3403410
3960
ใ€Œhaveใ€ใฎ้ŽๅŽปๅˆ†่ฉžใŒๅฟ…่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚
56:47
What is the past participle?
933
3407370
2370
้ŽๅŽปๅˆ†่ฉžใจใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
56:49
The correct answer is โ€˜hadโ€™.
934
3409740
2120
ๆญฃ่งฃใฏใ€Œใ‚ใฃใŸใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
56:51
โ€˜Jen has had a cold for two weeks.โ€™
935
3411860
5590
ใ€Œใ‚ธใ‚งใƒณใฏ๏ผ’้€ฑ้–“ๅ‰ใ‹ใ‚‰้ขจ้‚ชใ‚’ใฒใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
56:57
And finally, โ€˜We haven't went home since Friday.โ€™
936
3417450
5360
ใใ—ใฆๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ€ใ€Œ้‡‘ๆ›œๆ—ฅไปฅๆฅใ€ๅฎถใซๅธฐใฃใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ€
57:02
This one is a little tricky.
937
3422810
1280
ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅฐ‘ใ—้›ฃใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
57:04
The subject is โ€˜weโ€™.
938
3424090
2180
ไธป่ชžใฏใ€Œ็งใŸใกใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
57:06
โ€˜We have... have notโ€™.
939
3426270
2430
ใ€Œ็งใŸใกใฏโ€ฆใ—ใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ€ใ€‚
57:08
That's correct.
940
3428700
1100
ใใฎใจใŠใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚
57:09
The contraction is โ€˜haven'tโ€™.
941
3429800
1980
็Ÿญ็ธฎๅฝขใฏใ€Œhaven'tใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
57:11
โ€˜We haven'tโ€™.
942
3431780
1330
ใ€Œใ—ใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ€ใ€‚
57:13
Now the problem is, we have this verb โ€˜wentโ€™.
943
3433110
4230
ใ•ใฆๅ•้กŒใฏใ€ใ“ใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใ€Œwentใ€ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
57:17
That's in the past simple tense.
944
3437340
2790
ใใ‚Œใฏๅ˜็ด”้ŽๅŽปๅฝขใงใ™ใ€‚
57:20
We need the past participle of โ€˜goโ€™.
945
3440130
2350
ใ€Œgoใ€ใฎ้ŽๅŽปๅˆ†่ฉžใŒๅฟ…่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚
57:22
The correct answer is โ€˜goneโ€™.
946
3442480
4430
ๆญฃ่งฃใฏใ€ŒใชใใชใฃใŸใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
57:26
โ€˜We haven't gone home since Friday.โ€™
947
3446910
4450
ใ€Œ็งใŸใกใฏ้‡‘ๆ›œๆ—ฅไปฅๆฅๅฎถใซๅธฐใฃใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ€
57:31
Good job, guys.
948
3451360
2460
ใ„ใ„ใžใ€‚
57:33
Let's move on to the next checkup.
949
3453820
2010
ๆฌกใฎๆคœๆŸปใซ็งปใ‚Šใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
57:35
In this checkup, we'll take a look at the present perfect tense.
950
3455830
3840
ไปŠๅ›žใฎใƒใ‚งใƒƒใ‚ฏใงใฏใ€็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใใพใ™ใ€‚
57:39
And how it is used to describe an action that finished recently.
951
3459670
4750
ใใ—ใฆใ€ๆœ€่ฟ‘็ต‚ไบ†ใ—ใŸใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใใ‚ŒใŒใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€‚
57:44
We'll be focusing on the words, โ€˜justโ€™, โ€˜alreadyโ€™ and โ€˜recentlyโ€™ to show this.
952
3464420
5580
ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’็คบใ™ใŸใ‚ใซใ€ใ€Œใกใ‚‡ใ†ใฉใ€ใ€ใ€Œใ™ใงใซใ€ใ€ใ€Œๆœ€่ฟ‘ใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใซ็„ฆ็‚นใ‚’ๅฝ“ใฆใพใ™ใ€‚
57:50
Let's take a look at the first sentence.
953
3470000
1860
ๆœ€ๅˆใฎๆ–‡ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
57:51
โ€˜She has just _blank_ that book.โ€™
954
3471860
3700
ใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใฏใใฎๆœฌใ‚’ใกใ‚‡ใ†ใฉใ€Œ็ฉบ็™ฝใ€ใซใ—ใฆๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
57:55
And we're using the verb, โ€˜readโ€™.
955
3475560
2410
ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ€Œ่ชญใ‚€ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
57:57
Remember, we take the subject, โ€˜sheโ€™.
956
3477970
2570
่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€ไธป่ชžใฏใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
58:00
And for โ€˜heโ€™, โ€˜sheโ€™ and โ€˜itโ€™, we say โ€˜hasโ€™.
957
3480540
4310
ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ€Œๅฝผใ€ใ€ใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใ€ใ€ใ€Œใใ‚Œใ€ใซใคใ„ใฆใฏใ€ใ€Œhasใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
58:04
So that's correct.
958
3484850
1760
ใใ‚Œใฏๆญฃใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
58:06
Now we need the past participle of โ€˜readโ€™.
959
3486610
3850
ใ“ใ“ใงใ€Œreadใ€ใฎ้ŽๅŽปๅˆ†่ฉžใŒๅฟ…่ฆใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
58:10
And that is โ€˜readโ€™.
960
3490460
2310
ใใ—ใฆใใ‚ŒใŒใ€Œ่ชญใ‚€ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
58:12
โ€˜She has just read that book.โ€™
961
3492770
4190
ใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใฏใกใ‚‡ใ†ใฉใใฎๆœฌใ‚’่ชญใ‚“ใ ใจใ“ใ‚ใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€
58:16
You'll notice I use the word, โ€˜justโ€™ right before the past participle.
962
3496960
6590
้ŽๅŽปๅˆ†่ฉžใฎ็›ดๅ‰ใซใ€Œjustใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆฐ—ใฅใใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
58:23
Next it says, โ€˜They have alreadyโ€™ and the verb is โ€˜wake upโ€™.
963
3503550
6090
ๆฌกใซใ€Œๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ™ใงใซๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใจใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใฏใ€Œ็›ฎ่ฆšใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
58:29
If the subject is โ€˜heโ€™, โ€˜sheโ€™, or โ€˜itโ€™, we use โ€˜hasโ€™.
964
3509640
4460
ไธป่ชžใŒใ€Œๅฝผใ€ใ€ใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใ€ใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œใใ‚Œใ€ใฎๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใ€Œhasใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
58:34
But if the subject is โ€˜Iโ€™, โ€˜youโ€™, โ€˜weโ€™ or โ€˜theyโ€™, we use โ€˜haveโ€™.
965
3514100
5700
ใŸใ ใ—ใ€ไธป่ชžใŒใ€Œ็งใ€ใ€ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใ€ใ€ใ€Œ็งใŸใกใ€ใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œๅฝผใ‚‰ใ€ใฎๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใ€Œhaveใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
58:39
So that's correct.
966
3519800
1940
ใใ‚Œใฏๆญฃใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
58:41
โ€˜They haveโ€™.
967
3521740
1290
'ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹'ใ€‚
58:43
Also we have the word โ€˜alreadyโ€™ here to show that it happened recently
968
3523030
4790
ใพใŸใ€ใ“ใ“ใงใฏใ€Œใ™ใงใซใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒๆœ€่ฟ‘่ตทใ“ใฃใŸใ“ใจ
58:47
or that it finished recently.
969
3527820
2630
ใ€ใพใŸใฏๆœ€่ฟ‘็ต‚ใ‚ใฃใŸใ“ใจใ‚’็คบใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
58:50
Now the verb is โ€˜wake upโ€™.
970
3530450
2390
ไปŠใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใฏใ€Œ็›ฎ่ฆšใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
58:52
We need the past participle of โ€˜wake upโ€™,
971
3532840
3610
ใ€Œ็›ฎ่ฆšใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€ใฎ้ŽๅŽปๅˆ†่ฉžใŒๅฟ…่ฆใงใ€
58:56
and that is โ€˜woken upโ€™.
972
3536450
5350
ใใ‚Œใฏใ€Œ็›ฎ่ฆšใ‚ใŸใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
59:01
So the answer is,
973
3541800
1800
ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€็ญ”ใˆใฏ
59:03
โ€˜They have already woken up.โ€™
974
3543600
3590
ใ€Œๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ™ใงใซ็›ฎ่ฆšใ‚ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
59:07
The next sentence says,
975
3547190
1200
ๆฌกใฎๆ–‡ใซใฏใ€
59:08
โ€˜We have recently _blank_ work.โ€™
976
3548390
3860
ใ€Œๆœ€่ฟ‘_็ฉบ็™ฝ_ใฎไป•ไบ‹ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€ใจ ๆ›ธใ‹ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
59:12
And the verb is โ€˜finishโ€™.
977
3552250
1820
ใใ—ใฆๅ‹•่ฉžใฏใ€Œ็ต‚ไบ†ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
59:14
โ€˜We haveโ€™, that's correct.
978
3554070
2550
ใ€Œใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€ใ€ใใฎ้€šใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚
59:16
And we have the word 'recently' to show when the action finished.
979
3556620
4080
ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใŒใ„ใค็ต‚ไบ†ใ—ใŸใ‹ใ‚’็คบใ™ใ€Œๆœ€่ฟ‘ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๅ˜่ชžใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
59:20
And now we need to find the past participle of the verb โ€˜finishโ€™.
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ๆฌกใซใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใ€Œfinishใ€ใฎ้ŽๅŽปๅˆ†่ฉžใ‚’่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
59:25
The correct answer is.
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ๆญฃ่งฃใฏ ใงใ™ใ€‚
59:27
โ€˜We have recently finished, -ed, work.โ€™
982
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ใ€Œ็งใŸใกใฏๆœ€่ฟ‘ใ€ไป•ไบ‹ใ‚’็ต‚ใˆใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
59:32
Now try to find the mistake in the next sentence.
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ๆฌกใฎๆ–‡ใง้–“้•ใ„ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
59:38
โ€˜Morty has eaten just.โ€™
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ใ€Œใƒขใƒผใƒ†ใ‚ฃใฏใกใ‚‡ใ†ใฉ้ฃŸในใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
59:42
This sounds a little strange, right?
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅฐ‘ใ—ๅฅ‡ๅฆ™ใซๆ€ใˆใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
59:45
That's because โ€˜justโ€™ needs to come before the verb.
986
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ€Œjustใ€ใŒๅ‹•่ฉžใฎๅ‰ใซๆฅใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
59:50
Therefore, the answer is โ€˜Morty has just eaten.โ€™
987
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€็ญ”ใˆใฏใ€Œใƒขใƒผใƒ†ใ‚ฃใฏใกใ‚‡ใ†ใฉ้ฃŸไบ‹ใ‚’ใ—ใŸใจใ“ใ‚ใงใ™ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
59:54
The next sentence says, โ€˜Karen has recently be sick.โ€™
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ๆฌกใฎๆ–‡ใซใฏใ€Œใ‚ซใƒฌใƒณใฏๆœ€่ฟ‘็—…ๆฐ—ใซใชใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€ใจใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
60:00
Karen is a โ€˜sheโ€™.
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ใ‚ซใƒฌใƒณใฏใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
60:03
So โ€˜hasโ€™ is correct.
990
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ€Œใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€ใŒๆญฃใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
60:06
And there we have โ€˜recentlyโ€™.
991
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ใใ—ใฆใใ“ใซใฏใ€Œๆœ€่ฟ‘ใ€ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
60:08
Now we need the past participle of the verb.
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ใ“ใ“ใงๅ‹•่ฉžใฎ้ŽๅŽปๅˆ†่ฉžใŒๅฟ…่ฆใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
60:12
โ€˜beโ€™ is our verb and the past participle of โ€˜beโ€™ is โ€˜beenโ€™.
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ใ€Œbeใ€ใฏๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ€ใ€Œbeใ€ใฎ้ŽๅŽปๅˆ†่ฉžใฏใ€Œbeenใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
60:19
โ€˜Karen has recently been sick.โ€™
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ใ€Œใ‚ซใƒฌใƒณใฏๆœ€่ฟ‘็—…ๆฐ—ใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€
60:21
And finally, โ€˜I have gone already to the dentist.โ€™
995
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ใใ—ใฆๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ€ใ€Œใ‚‚ใ†ๆญฏๅŒป่€…ใซ่กŒใฃใฆใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
60:27
This is similar to another question we looked at just before.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€็›ดๅ‰ใซ็ขบ่ชใ—ใŸๅˆฅใฎ่ณชๅ•ใจไผผใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
60:31
โ€˜I have gone already to the dentist.โ€™
997
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ใ€Œใ‚‚ใ†ๆญฏๅŒป่€…ใซ่กŒใฃใฆใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
60:35
The placement of โ€˜alreadyโ€™ is a little awkward.
998
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ใ€Œalreadyใ€ใฎ้…็ฝฎใŒๅฐ‘ใ—ๅŽ„ไป‹ใงใ™ใ€‚
60:40
So we can say, โ€˜I have already gone.โ€™
999
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ€Œ็งใฏใ‚‚ใ†่กŒใฃใฆใ—ใพใฃใŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใˆใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
60:44
So we can put โ€˜alreadyโ€™ before the verb,
1000
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใฎๅ‰ใซใ€Œalreadyใ€ใ‚’็ฝฎใใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ใ€
60:47
โ€˜I have already gone to the dentistโ€™
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ใ€Œ็งใฏใ™ใงใซๆญฏๅŒป่€…ใซ่กŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€
60:50
Or we can put this at the end,
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ใพใŸใฏใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ๆœ€ๅพŒใซ็ฝฎใใ€
60:53
โ€˜I have gone to the dentist already.โ€™
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ใ€Œ็งใฏใ™ใงใซๆญฏๅŒป่€…ใซ่กŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
60:56
Both of those are correct.
1004
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ใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‚‚ๆญฃใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
60:59
Now, good job.
1005
3659230
2090
ใ•ใฆใ€ใŠ็–ฒใ‚Œๆง˜ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
61:01
That is the end of the checkup.
1006
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ใ“ใ‚ŒใงๆคœๆŸปใฏ็ต‚ไบ†ใงใ™ใ€‚
61:03
Let's move on.
1007
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1000
ๆฌกใธ็งปใ‚Šใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
61:04
Excellent job, everyone.
1008
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2070
็š†ใ•ใ‚“ใ€็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ไป•ไบ‹ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
61:06
You just learned about the present perfect tense.
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็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใซใคใ„ใฆๅญฆใณใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
61:08
There was a lot to learn, but you did a wonderful job.
1010
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ๅญฆใถในใใ“ใจใฏใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใŒใ€็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ไป•ไบ‹ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
61:12
Keep studying English.
1011
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่‹ฑ่ชžใฎๅ‹‰ๅผทใ‚’็ถšใ‘ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
61:14
I know that It's hard, but you will get better with time, effort and practice.
1012
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้›ฃใ—ใ„ใ“ใจใฏใ‚ใ‹ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€ๆ™‚้–“ใจๅŠชๅŠ›ใจ็ทด็ฟ’ใ‚’็ฉใ‚ใฐๅฟ…ใšไธŠ้”ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
61:19
I'll see you in the next video.
1013
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ๆฌกใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใงใŠไผšใ„ใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
61:23
Hi, everyone.
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ใ‚„ใ‚ใฟใ‚“ใชใ€‚
61:30
Welcome to the video.
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ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใธใ‚ˆใ†ใ“ใใ€‚
61:31
In this video, Iโ€™ll introduce the Present Perfect Continuous English Tense.
1016
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ใ“ใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใงใฏใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใฎ็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†็ถ™็ถšๆ™‚ๅˆถใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎๆ™‚ๅˆถใฏ
61:37
This tense can be used to talk about an action
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ใ€้ŽๅŽปใซๅง‹ใพใ‚Š็พๅœจใ‚‚็ถšใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹
61:40
that started in the past and continues in the present.
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่กŒ็‚บใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใฎใซไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ ใ€‚
61:44
It can also be used to talk about an action that hasn't happened recently.
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ๆœ€่ฟ‘่ตทใ“ใฃใฆใ„ใชใ„่กŒๅ‹•ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใจใใซใ‚‚ไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
61:50
And finally, it can also be used to talk about an action that recently stopped.
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ๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ€ๆœ€่ฟ‘ๅœๆญขใ—ใŸใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใจใใซใ‚‚ไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
61:55
There's a lot to learn, so keep watching.
1021
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ๅญฆใถในใใ“ใจใŒใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ๅผ•ใ็ถšใ่ฆ‹ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
62:01
You can use the present perfect continuous tense
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็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†็ถ™็ถšๆ™‚ๅˆถใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€
62:04
to talk about an action that started in the past and continues in the present.
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้ŽๅŽปใซๅง‹ใพใ‚Š็พๅœจใ‚‚็ถšใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
62:10
We want to emphasize duration
1024
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ๆœŸ้–“ใ‚’ๅผท่ชฟใ—ใŸใ„ใฎใง
62:12
and you can do that by using โ€˜forโ€™ or โ€˜sinceโ€™ in your sentence.
1025
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ใ€ๆ–‡ไธญใงใ€Œforใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œsinceใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅฎŸ็พใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
62:17
Let's take a look at some examples.
1026
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ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎไพ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
62:19
โ€˜Charles has been studying English for an hour.โ€™
1027
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ใ€Œใƒใƒฃใƒผใƒซใ‚บใฏ1ๆ™‚้–“่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
62:24
Take a look at the subject, โ€˜Charlesโ€™.
1028
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้กŒๅใ€Œใƒใƒฃใƒผใƒซใ‚บใ€ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
62:27
The subject pronoun for Charles is โ€˜heโ€™.
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Charles ใฎไธป่ชžไปฃๅ่ฉžใฏใ€Œๅฝผใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
62:30
And that's why we say โ€˜hasโ€™.
1030
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ใใ—ใฆใใ‚ŒใŒใ€Œใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ‚ใ‚Œใ‚‹็†็”ฑใงใ™ใ€‚
62:32
After that, we add โ€˜beenโ€™ and then verb โ€˜-ingโ€™.
1031
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ใใฎๅพŒใ€ใ€Œbeenใ€ใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ—ใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใ€Œ-ingใ€ใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
62:37
In this case, โ€˜studying.โ€™
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ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€Œๅ‹‰ๅผทใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
62:40
You'll also notice that at the end of the sentence we have for an hour.
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ใพใŸใ€ๆ–‡ใฎๆœ€ๅพŒใซ 1 ๆ™‚้–“ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆฐ—ใฅใใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
62:45
That shows how long this action has been happening.
1034
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ใ“ใฎใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใŒใฉใ‚Œใใ‚‰ใ„ใฎๆœŸ้–“่กŒใ‚ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’็คบใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
62:49
When you use โ€˜forโ€™, you emphasize the duration. โ€˜for an hourโ€™.
1035
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ใ€Œforใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ๆœŸ้–“ใŒๅผท่ชฟใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œ1ๆ™‚้–“ใ€ใ€‚
62:54
โ€˜Charles has been studying English for an hour.โ€™
1036
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ใ€Œใƒใƒฃใƒผใƒซใ‚บใฏ1ๆ™‚้–“่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
62:59
Let's take a look at the next sentence.
1037
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ๆฌกใฎๆ–‡ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
63:01
โ€˜Lily has been playing the piano for 2 years.โ€™
1038
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4510
ใ€Œใƒชใƒชใƒผใฏ2ๅนด้–“ใƒ”ใ‚ขใƒŽใ‚’ๅผพใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
63:06
In this case, Lily is a โ€˜sheโ€™ and that's why, again, we say โ€˜hasโ€™.
1039
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ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ใƒชใƒชใƒผใฏใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใ€ใชใฎใงใ€ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๅบฆใ€ŒๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
63:12
You'll notice again, we have โ€˜beenโ€™ and then verb โ€˜-ingโ€™.
1040
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ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๅบฆๆฐ—ใฅใใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ€Œbeenใ€ใฎๅพŒใซๅ‹•่ฉžใ€Œ-ingใ€ใŒๆฅใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
63:16
In this case, โ€˜playingโ€™.
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ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€Œ้Šใถใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
63:18
At the end of this sentence, we also used โ€˜forโ€™.
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ใ“ใฎๆ–‡ใฎๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ‚‚ใ€Œforใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
63:22
and then โ€˜two yearsโ€™.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€Œ2ๅนดใ€ใ€‚
63:24
So again, we're showing how long this has been happening.
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ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๅบฆใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒใฉใ‚Œใใ‚‰ใ„ใฎๆœŸ้–“่ตทใ“ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’็คบใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
63:29
The next sentence is a little different.
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ๆฌกใฎๆ–‡ใฏๅฐ‘ใ—็•ฐใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
63:32
โ€˜It has been growing since June.โ€™
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ใ€Œ6ๆœˆใ‹ใ‚‰ๅข—ใˆ็ถšใ‘ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
63:35
So it can be something like a plant.
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ๆค็‰ฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใซใชใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
63:38
The plant or it has been growing since June.
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ใใฎๆค็‰ฉใฏ6ๆœˆใ‹ใ‚‰ๆˆ้•ทใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
63:43
Here we use โ€˜sinceโ€™, not โ€˜forโ€™.
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ใ“ใ“ใงใฏใ€Œforใ€ใงใฏใชใใ€Œsinceใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
63:47
What's the difference?
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้•ใ„ใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹?
63:48
We use a specific point in time with since.
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็‰นๅฎšใฎๆ™‚็‚นใ‚’sinceใงไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
63:52
We don't say โ€˜Since two hoursโ€™.
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ใ€Œ2ๆ™‚้–“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใจใฏ่จ€ใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
63:54
No, we say โ€˜When the action started since June.โ€™
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ใ„ใ„ใˆใ€ใ€Œ6 ๆœˆใ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใŒ้–‹ๅง‹ใ•ใ‚ŒใŸใจใใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
63:59
And finally, โ€˜Dan and I have been working since 6 a.m.โ€™
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ใใ—ใฆๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ€ใ€Œใƒ€ใƒณใจ็งใฏๆœ 6 ๆ™‚ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅƒใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€
64:05
The subject pronoun for โ€˜Dan and Iโ€™ is โ€˜Weโ€™.
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ใ€Œใƒ€ใƒณใจ็งใ€ใฎไธป่ชžไปฃๅ่ฉžใฏใ€Œ็งใŸใกใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
64:09
Therefore we use โ€˜haveโ€™.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ€Œhaveใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
64:11
At the end of the sentence, we have โ€˜since 6 a.m.โ€™
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ๆ–‡ใฎๆœ€ๅพŒใซใฏใ€Œๅˆๅ‰ 6 ๆ™‚ไปฅๆฅใ€ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
64:16
Remember that with โ€˜sinceโ€™, we talked about a specific point in time when the action
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ใ€Œไปฅๆฅใ€ใงใฏใ€ใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใŒ้–‹ๅง‹ใ•ใ‚ŒใŸ็‰นๅฎšใฎๆ™‚็‚นใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ€ใ„ๅ‡บใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
64:21
started.
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ใ€‚
64:23
Let's move on.
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ๆฌกใธ็งปใ‚Šใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
64:24
The present perfect continuous can also be used without emphasizing duration.
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็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†้€ฒ่กŒๅฝขใฏใ€็ถ™็ถšๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’ๅผท่ชฟใ›ใšใซไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
64:30
In this case, we mean โ€˜latelyโ€™.
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ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€Œๆœ€่ฟ‘ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ€‚
64:33
This action has been happening โ€˜latelyโ€™,
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ใ“ใฎใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใฏใ€Œๆœ€่ฟ‘ใ€่ตทใ“ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹
64:36
and so we can use the word โ€˜latelyโ€™ or โ€˜recentlyโ€™ to explain this.
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ใฎใงใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใ€Œๆœ€่ฟ‘ใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œๆœ€่ฟ‘ใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ไฝฟใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
64:42
Let's take a look at some examples.
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ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎไพ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
64:43
โ€˜You have been missing many classes lately.โ€™
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ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใฏๆœ€่ฟ‘ใ€ๆŽˆๆฅญใ‚’ใ‚ˆใไผ‘ใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ™ใญใ€‚ใ€
64:48
You'll notice that at the end of the sentence I use the word โ€˜lately'
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ๆ–‡ใฎๆœ€ๅพŒใงใ€
64:52
to describe when this action has been happening.
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ใ“ใฎใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใŒใ„ใค่ตทใ“ใฃใŸใ‹ใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใ€Œๆœ€่ฟ‘ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆฐ—ใฅใใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
64:56
You can also use lately at the beginning of the sentence.
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ๆœ€่ฟ‘ใฏๆ–‡้ ญใซใ‚‚ไฝฟใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
65:00
For example, โ€˜Lately, you have been missing many classes.โ€™
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ€Œๆœ€่ฟ‘ใ€ๆŽˆๆฅญใ‚’ไผ‘ใ‚€ใ“ใจใŒๅคšใใชใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
65:05
The next example says, โ€˜Recently, Toby has been running every day.โ€™
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ๆฌกใฎไพ‹ใฏใ€ใ€Œๆœ€่ฟ‘ใ€ใƒˆใƒ“ใƒผใฏๆฏŽๆ—ฅ่ตฐใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€ใจ่ฟฐในใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎๆ–‡ใงใฏใ€
65:11
In this sentence, we used โ€˜recentlyโ€™ at the beginning
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ใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใŒใ„ใค่ตทใ“ใฃใŸใ‹ใ‚’็คบใ™ใŸใ‚ใซใ€
65:14
to show when does action has been happening.
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ๅ†’้ ญใงใ€Œๆœ€่ฟ‘ใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚
65:18
You can also use โ€˜recentlyโ€™ at the end of the sentence.
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ๆ–‡ๆœซใซใ€Œๆœ€่ฟ‘ใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟใ†ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
65:21
โ€˜Toby has been running everyday recently.โ€™
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ใ€Œใƒˆใƒ“ใƒผใฏๆœ€่ฟ‘ๆฏŽๆ—ฅ่ตฐใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
65:25
In this example, the subject is Toby and so we use โ€˜hasโ€™ after Toby.
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ใ“ใฎไพ‹ใงใฏใ€ไธป่ชžใฏ Toby ใชใฎใงใ€Toby ใฎๅพŒใซใ€Œhasใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
65:31
Because Toby is a โ€˜heโ€™.
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ใƒˆใƒ“ใƒผใฏใ€Œๅฝผใ€ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€‚
65:34
The next example says, โ€˜Lately, Dana has been swimming a lot.โ€™
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ๆฌกใฎไพ‹ใฏใ€ใ€Œๆœ€่ฟ‘ใ€ใƒ€ใƒณใƒŠใฏใ‚ˆใๆณณใ„ใงใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
65:39
Again, we use โ€˜latelyโ€™ at the beginning of this sentence,
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็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ“ใฎๆ–‡ใฎๅ†’้ ญใงใฏใ€Œlatelyใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™
65:42
but you can also use it at the end.
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ใŒใ€ๆœ€ๅพŒใซไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
65:45
Dana is a โ€˜sheโ€™ and so we followed this subject with โ€˜hasโ€™.
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Dana ใฏใ€Œsheใ€ใชใฎใงใ€ใ“ใฎไธป้กŒใฎๅพŒใซใ€Œhasใ€ใ‚’ไป˜ใ‘ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
65:51
And finally, โ€˜We've been practicing English together recently.โ€™
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ใใ—ใฆๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ€ใ€Œๆœ€่ฟ‘ไธ€็ท’ใซ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’็ทด็ฟ’ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
65:56
โ€˜Weโ€™ is the subject of this sentence and so we use โ€˜haveโ€™.
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ใ“ใฎๆ–‡ใฎไธป่ชžใฏใ€ŒWeใ€ใชใฎใงใ€ใ€Œhaveใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
66:01
Here, we use the contraction โ€˜Weโ€™veโ€™.
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ใ“ใ“ใงใฏใ€็Ÿญ็ธฎๅฝขใ€ŒWe'veใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
66:04
โ€˜We haveโ€™ become โ€˜We'veโ€™.
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ใ€Œ็งใŸใกใฏใ€ใŒใ€Œ็งใŸใกใฏใ€ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
66:07
โ€˜We've been practicing English together recently.โ€™
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ใ€Œ็งใŸใกใฏๆœ€่ฟ‘ไธ€็ท’ใซ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’็ทด็ฟ’ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
66:11
We can put โ€˜recentlyโ€™ at the end,
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ๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ€Œๆœ€่ฟ‘ใ€ใ‚’ไป˜ใ‘ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™
66:14
or we can say โ€˜Recently we've been practicing English together.โ€™
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ใ—ใ€ใ€Œๆœ€่ฟ‘ใ€ไธ€็ท’ใซ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’็ทด็ฟ’ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
66:19
Let's move on.
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ๆฌกใธ็งปใ‚Šใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
66:21
The present perfect continuous tense and also be used to talk about an action that recently
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็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†็ถ™็ถšๆ™‚ๅˆถใฏใ€ๆœ€่ฟ‘ ๅœๆญขใ—ใ€็พๅœจใฎ็ตๆžœใ‚’ใ‚‚ใŸใ‚‰ใ—ใŸ
66:27
stopped and has a present result.
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ใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใฎใซใ‚‚ไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™
66:30
Let's take a look at the example.
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ใ€‚ ไพ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
66:32
โ€˜I'm tired because I have been running.โ€™
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ใ€Œใšใฃใจ่ตฐใฃใฆใŸใ‹ใ‚‰็–ฒใ‚ŒใŸใ€‚ใ€
66:36
The second part of the sentence, โ€˜I have been runningโ€™
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ๆ–‡ใฎ 2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎ้ƒจๅˆ†ใ€Œ็งใฏ่ตฐใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€
66:39
is using the present perfect continuous tense.
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ใฏ็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†้€ฒ่กŒๅฝขใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
66:43
This is the action that recently stopped.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๆœ€่ฟ‘ๅœๆญขใ—ใŸใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใงใ™ใ€‚
66:45
And as a result, โ€˜I'm tiredโ€™.
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ใใฎ็ตๆžœใ€ใ€Œ็–ฒใ‚ŒใŸใ€ใ€‚
66:49
This is the present result.
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ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒ็พๅœจใฎ็ตๆžœใงใ™ใ€‚
66:51
What's happening now, because of this.
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ไปŠไฝ•ใŒ่ตทใ“ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใ€ใใฎใ›ใ„ใงใ€‚
66:54
โ€˜I'm tired.โ€™.
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'็งใฏ็–ฒใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚'ใ€‚
66:56
The next example says, โ€˜The street is wet because it has been raining.โ€™
1101
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ๆฌกใฎไพ‹ใฏใ€ใ€Œ้›จใŒ้™ใฃใŸใฎใงใ€้€šใ‚ŠใŒๆฟกใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
67:01
This is very similar to the first sentence.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๆœ€ๅˆใฎๆ–‡ใจใ‚ˆใไผผใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
67:04
Here, we know that it has been raining.
1103
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ใ“ใ“ใงใ€้›จใŒ้™ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
67:07
And this action recently stopped.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใฎ่กŒ็‚บใฏๆœ€่ฟ‘ๆญขใพใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
67:09
As a result, in the present, The street is wet.
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ใใฎ็ตๆžœใ€็พๅœจใ€้“่ทฏใฏๆฟกใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
67:14
The street is wet right now because of this action.
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ใ“ใฎ่กŒ็‚บใฎใ›ใ„ใงใ€็พๅœจ้“่ทฏใŒๆฟกใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
67:19
The next example says, โ€˜You don't understand because you haven't been listening.โ€™
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ๆฌกใฎไพ‹ใฏใ€ใ€Œ่žใ„ใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‰็†่งฃใงใใชใ„ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
67:25
You'll notice here that we use the negative.
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ใ“ใ“ใงใฏๅฆๅฎš่ชžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆฐ—ใฅใใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
67:28
Here's the contractions, โ€˜haven'tโ€™ or โ€˜have notโ€™
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€
67:33
because of this action, you haven't been listening,
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ใ“ใฎๅ‹•ไฝœใฎใ›ใ„ใงใ€ŒๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€ŒๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ€ใจใ„ใ†็Ÿญ็ธฎๅฝขใงใ™ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ่žใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€
67:36
now you don't understand.
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ไปŠใ‚ใชใŸใฏ็†่งฃใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
67:39
In the last example, we switch the order a little bit.
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ๆœ€ๅพŒใฎไพ‹ใงใฏใ€้ †ๅบใ‚’ๅฐ‘ใ—ๅ…ฅใ‚Œๆ›ฟใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
67:43
โ€˜I've been studying all night.โ€™
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ใ€Œ็งใฏไธ€ๆ™ฉไธญๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
67:46
There is the present perfect continuous tense.
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็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†้€ฒ่กŒๅฝขใจใ„ใ†ใ‚‚ใฎใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
67:49
This is the action that stopped recently.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๆœ€่ฟ‘ๅœๆญขใ—ใŸใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใงใ™ใ€‚
67:52
And here is the result.
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ใใ—ใฆ็ตๆžœใŒใ“ใ‚Œใงใ™ใ€‚
67:53
โ€˜Now, I'm exhausted.โ€™
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ใ€Œใ‚‚ใ†ใ€็–ฒใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
67:57
Great job, everyone.
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็š†ใ•ใ‚“ใ€็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ไป•ไบ‹ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
67:58
Let's move on.
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ๆฌกใธ็งปใ‚Šใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
67:59
Let's take a look at the negative form of the present perfect continuous tense.
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็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†้€ฒ่กŒๅฝขใฎๅฆๅฎšๅฝขใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
68:04
Here are some examples.
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ใ“ใ“ใงใฏใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎไพ‹ใ‚’็คบใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
68:06
โ€˜I have not been feeling well these days.โ€™
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ใ€Œๆœ€่ฟ‘ใ€ไฝ“่ชฟใŒๅ„ชใ‚Œใชใ„ใ‚“ใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€
68:10
At the end of the sentence we have โ€˜these daysโ€™ to show that this is an action that's
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ๆ–‡ใฎๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ€Œthese daysใ€ใ‚’ไป˜ใ‘ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒ
68:15
been happening recently.
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ๆœ€่ฟ‘่ตทใ“ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็คบใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
68:18
In the negative form, we have to have โ€˜notโ€™.
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ๅฆๅฎšๅฝขใงใฏใ€ใ€Œใชใ„ใ€ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
68:21
The โ€˜notโ€™ goes after have or has.
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ใ€Œnotใ€ใฏ have ใพใŸใฏ has ใฎๅพŒใซ็ถšใใพใ™ใ€‚
68:25
In this case, the subject is โ€˜Iโ€™, so I use โ€˜haveโ€™.
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ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ไธป่ชžใฏใ€ŒIใ€ใชใฎใงใ€Œhaveใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
68:29
โ€˜I have not been feeling well these days.โ€™
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ใ€Œๆœ€่ฟ‘ใ€ไฝ“่ชฟใŒๅ„ชใ‚Œใชใ„ใ‚“ใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€
68:33
We can also use a contraction โ€˜haven'tโ€™ or โ€˜have notโ€™.
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็Ÿญ็ธฎๅฝขใ€Œhaven'tใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œhave notใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
68:38
โ€˜I haven't been feeling well these days.โ€™
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ใ€Œๆœ€่ฟ‘ใ€ไฝ“่ชฟใŒๅ„ชใ‚Œใชใ„ใ‚“ใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€
68:41
The next sentence says, โ€˜Sue has not been cooking lately.โ€™
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ๆฌกใฎๆ–‡ใซใฏใ€Œใ‚นใƒผใฏๆœ€่ฟ‘ๆ–™็†ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ€ใจใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
68:46
We have โ€˜latelyโ€™ at the end of this sentence,
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ใ“ใฎๆ–‡ใฎๆœ€ๅพŒใซใฏใ€Œlatelyใ€ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€
68:49
We can also put โ€˜latelyโ€™ at the beginning of the sentence.
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ๆ–‡ใฎ้ ญใซใ€Œlatelyใ€ใ‚’็ฝฎใใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
68:53
The important part of this sentence is to put โ€˜notโ€™ after โ€˜hasโ€™.
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ใ“ใฎๆ–‡ใฎ้‡่ฆใช้ƒจๅˆ†ใฏใ€ใ€Œhasใ€ใฎๅพŒใซใ€Œnotใ€ใ‚’็ฝฎใใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
68:57
Why did we use โ€˜hasโ€™?
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ใชใœใ€Œhasใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใŸใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹?
69:00
Because the subject is โ€˜Sueโ€™ which is a 'she'.
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ไธป่ชžใŒใ€Œใ‚นใƒผใ€ใ€ใคใพใ‚Šใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใ€ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
69:03
For โ€˜heโ€™, โ€˜sheโ€™, โ€˜itโ€™, we use โ€˜hasโ€™.
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ใ€Œๅฝผใ€ใ€ใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใ€ใ€ใ€Œใใ‚Œใ€ใซใฏใ€Œhasใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
69:06
Again, we can use a contraction โ€˜hasn'tโ€™ for has not.
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็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€has not ใซๅฏพใ—ใฆ็Ÿญ็ธฎๅฝข 'hasn't' ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
69:11
โ€˜Sue hasn't been cooking lately.โ€™
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ใ€Œใ‚นใƒผใฏๆœ€่ฟ‘ๆ–™็†ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ€
69:15
The next sentence says, โ€˜Jeff hasn't been eating healthy food recently.โ€™
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ๆฌกใฎๆ–‡ใฏใ€ใ€Œใ‚ธใ‚งใƒ•ใฏๆœ€่ฟ‘ๅฅๅบท็š„ใช้ฃŸใน็‰ฉใ‚’้ฃŸในใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ€ใจ่ฟฐในใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
69:21
Again, the โ€˜recentlyโ€™ can be used at the beginning or end of this sentence.
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็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ€Œrecentlyใ€ใฏใ“ใฎๆ–‡ใฎๆœ€ๅˆใพใŸใฏๆœ€ๅพŒใซไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
69:26
We have the contestant โ€˜hasn'tโ€™ here for you.
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ๅ‡บๅ ด่€…ใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎใŸใ‚ใซใ“ใ“ใซใ€Œใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
69:31
โ€˜hasn'tโ€™ is a contraction for โ€˜has notโ€™.
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ใ€Œhasn'tใ€ใฏใ€Œhas notใ€ใฎ็Ÿญ็ธฎๅฝขใงใ™ใ€‚
69:34
We have โ€˜hasโ€™ because the subject is Jeff which is โ€˜heโ€™.
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ไธป่ชžใŒใ€Œๅฝผใ€ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ Jeff ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ใ€Œhasใ€ใจใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
69:39
And finally, โ€˜They haven't been speaking for over a year.โ€™
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ใใ—ใฆๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ€ใ€Œๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ1ๅนดไปฅไธŠ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ€
69:45
In this case, โ€˜for over a yearโ€™ shows duration.
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ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ใ€Œ1 ๅนดไปฅไธŠใ€ใฏๆœŸ้–“ใ‚’็คบใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
69:49
Remember with โ€˜forโ€™, you show how long something has been happening.
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ใ€Œforใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒใฉใ‚Œใใ‚‰ใ„ใฎๆœŸ้–“่ตทใ“ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’็คบใ™ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
69:54
In this case, we have a contraction โ€˜haven'tโ€™ or โ€˜have notโ€™.
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ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ใ€ŒๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€ŒๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ€ใจใ„ใ†็Ÿญ็ธฎๅฝขใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
69:58
Great job, everybody.
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็š†ใ•ใ‚“ใ€็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ไป•ไบ‹ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
70:00
let's move on.
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ๆฌกใธ็งปใ‚Šใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
70:01
Now, let's take a look at how to form the โ€˜haveโ€™ or โ€˜hasโ€™ question
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ใ“ใ“ใงใ€ ็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†้€ฒ่กŒๅฝขใฎ
70:06
for the present perfect continuous tense.
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ใ€Œhaveใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œhasใ€็–‘ๅ•ๆ–‡ใ‚’ไฝœๆˆใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
70:09
The first sentence says, โ€˜He has been reading for an hour,โ€™
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ใ€‚ ๆœ€ๅˆใฎๆ–‡ใซใฏใ€ใ€Œๅฝผใฏ 1 ๆ™‚้–“ๆœฌใ‚’่ชญใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใจใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
70:13
Now, to turn this into a question,
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่ณชๅ•ใซใ™ใ‚‹ใซใฏใ€
70:16
all we have to do is change the order of the first two words.
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ๆœ€ๅˆใฎ 2 ใคใฎๅ˜่ชžใฎ้ †ๅบใ‚’ๅค‰ๆ›ดใ™ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚
70:21
So โ€˜He hasโ€™ becomes โ€˜Has heโ€™.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ€ŒๅฝผใฏๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใฏใ€ŒๅฝผใฏๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
70:24
โ€˜Has he been reading for an hour?โ€™
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ใ€Œๅฝผใฏไธ€ๆ™‚้–“ใ‚‚ๆœฌใ‚’่ชญใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€
70:28
You'll notice that the second part of the sentence doesn't change.
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ๆ–‡ใฎๅพŒๅŠ้ƒจๅˆ†ใŒๅค‰ใ‚ใฃใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
70:32
โ€˜Has he been reading for an hour?โ€™
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ใ€Œๅฝผใฏไธ€ๆ™‚้–“ใ‚‚ๆœฌใ‚’่ชญใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€
70:35
To answer, you can simply say, โ€˜Yes, he has.โ€™ or โ€˜No, he hasn't.โ€™
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็ญ”ใˆใ‚‹ใซใฏใ€ๅ˜ใซใ€Œใฏใ„ใ€ๅฝผใฏใใ†ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใจ่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚ใพใŸใฏใ€Œใ„ใ„ใˆใ€ๅฝผใฏใใ†ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ€
70:41
The next sentence says, โ€˜They have been sleeping since 8 p.m.โ€™
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ๆฌกใฎๆ–‡ใซใฏใ€Œๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๅˆๅพŒ 8 ๆ™‚ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅฏใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใจใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
70:45
Again, the second part of the sentence stays the same,
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ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‚ๆ–‡ใฎๅพŒๅŠ้ƒจๅˆ†ใฏๅŒใ˜ใงใ€
70:50
and in the beginning, we just switch the first two words.
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ๆœ€ๅˆใฏๆœ€ๅˆใฎ 2 ใคใฎๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ๅ…ฅใ‚Œๆ›ฟใˆใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚
70:53
โ€˜They haveโ€™ become โ€˜Have theyโ€™.
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ใ€Œๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใŒใ€ŒๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
70:55
โ€˜Have they been sleeping since 8 p.m.?โ€™
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ใ€Œๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๅˆๅพŒ8ๆ™‚ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅฏใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€
70:59
To answer, you can say, โ€˜Yes, they have.โ€™
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็ญ”ใˆใ‚‹ใซใฏใ€ใ€Œใฏใ„ใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใใ†ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใจ่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
71:03
or โ€˜No. they haven't.โ€™
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ใพใŸใฏใ€Œใ„ใ„ใˆใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ—ใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ€‚ใ€
71:05
Great job, everybody.
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็š†ใ•ใ‚“ใ€็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ไป•ไบ‹ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
71:07
Let's move on.
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ๆฌกใธ็งปใ‚Šใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
71:08
Now, let's take a look at how to form WH questions in the present perfect continuous tense.
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ใงใฏใ€็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†้€ฒ่กŒๅฝขใง WH ่ณชๅ•ใ‚’ไฝœๆˆใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
71:14
Here, we have some WH question words.
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ใ“ใ“ใงใ€WH ใฎ็–‘ๅ•่ฉžใ‚’ใ„ใใคใ‹็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
71:18
โ€˜whatโ€™, โ€˜whereโ€™, โ€˜whyโ€™ and โ€˜howโ€™.
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ใ€Œไฝ•ใ‚’ใ€ใ€ใ€Œใฉใ“ใงใ€ใ€ใ€Œใชใœใ€ใ€ใ€Œใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ใ€‚
71:22
Let's take a look at the first question.
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ๆœ€ๅˆใฎ่ณชๅ•ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
71:24
โ€˜What have you been doing lately?โ€™
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ใ€Œๆœ€่ฟ‘ไฝ•ใ—ใฆใ‚‹ใฎ๏ผŸใ€
71:27
I can answer by saying, โ€˜I have been working.โ€™
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ใ€Œ็งใฏไป•ไบ‹ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใใพใ—ใŸใ€ใจ็ญ”ใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
71:30
or โ€˜I have been studying.โ€™
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ใพใŸใฏใ€Œ็งใฏๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
71:32
I can also use the contraction โ€˜I'veโ€™.
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็Ÿญ็ธฎๅฝขใ€ŒI'veใ€ใ‚‚ไฝฟใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
71:35
โ€˜I've been working.โ€™
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'็งใฏๅƒใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚'
71:37
โ€˜I've been studying.โ€™
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ใ€Œๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใฆใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
71:38
The next question says, โ€˜Where have you been traveling?โ€™
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ๆฌกใฎ่ณชๅ•ใฏใ€Œใฉใ“ใซๆ—…่กŒใซ่กŒใฃใฆใใพใ—ใŸใ‹?ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
71:42
โ€˜I have been traveling in Europe.โ€™
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ใ€Œใƒจใƒผใƒญใƒƒใƒ‘ใ‚’ๆ—…่กŒใ—ใฆใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
71:45
or โ€˜I've been traveling in Europe.โ€™
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ใพใŸใฏใ€Œใƒจใƒผใƒญใƒƒใƒ‘ใ‚’ๆ—…่กŒใ—ใฆใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
71:47
โ€˜Why has he been feeling sad?โ€™
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ใ€Œใชใœๅฝผใฏๆ‚ฒใ—ใ„ๆ€ใ„ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€
71:52
You can answer by saying, โ€˜He's been feeling sad.โ€™
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ใ€Œๅฝผใฏๆ‚ฒใ—ใ‚“ใงใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใจ็ญ”ใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
71:55
That's the contraction โ€˜he hasโ€™, he's been feeling sad because his pet died.
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ€Œๅฝผใฏใ€ใจใ„ใ†็Ÿญ็ธฎๅฝขใงใ€ใƒšใƒƒใƒˆใŒๆญปใ‚“ใงๆ‚ฒใ—ใ„ๆฐ—ๆŒใกใซใชใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
72:02
or โ€˜He has been feeling sad because he broke up with his girlfriend.โ€™
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ใพใŸใฏใ€Œๅฝผใฏใ‚ฌใƒผใƒซใƒ•ใƒฌใƒณใƒ‰ใจๅˆฅใ‚Œใฆใšใฃใจๆ‚ฒใ—ใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
72:06
Something like that.
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ใใ‚“ใชๆ„Ÿใ˜ใ€‚
72:08
And โ€˜How has she been doing?โ€™
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใฏใฉใ†ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸใ€
72:11
โ€˜How has she been doing?โ€™
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ใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใฎๆง˜ๅญใฏใฉใ†ใงใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸใ€
72:13
I can say, โ€˜She's been doing well.โ€™
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ใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใฏใ‚ˆใใ‚„ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ€ใจ่จ€ใˆใ‚‹ใ€‚
72:16
โ€˜She'sโ€™ is a contraction for โ€˜she hasโ€™.
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ใ€ŒShe'sใ€ใฏใ€Œshe hasใ€ใฎ็Ÿญ็ธฎๅฝขใงใ™ใ€‚
72:19
Great job, everyone.
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็š†ใ•ใ‚“ใ€็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ไป•ไบ‹ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
72:21
Let's move on.
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ๆฌกใธ็งปใ‚Šใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
72:22
In this checkup, we will talk about the present perfect continuous tense.
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ไปŠๅ›žใฎ่จบๆ–ญใงใฏใ€็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†้€ฒ่กŒๅฝขใซใคใ„ใฆใŠ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎๆ™‚ๅˆถใฏ
72:27
This tense can be used to describe an event
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ใ€้ŽๅŽปใซๅง‹ใพใ‚Š็พๅœจใ‚‚็ถšใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹
72:30
that started in the past and continues in the present.
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ๅ‡บๆฅไบ‹ใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ ใ€‚
72:34
Let's take a look.
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่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
72:35
The first sentence says,
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ๆœ€ๅˆใฎๆ–‡ใฏ
72:38
โ€˜He has _blank_ all week,โ€™
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ใ€Œๅฝผใฏไธ€้€ฑ้–“ใšใฃใจ_็ฉบ็™ฝ_ใงใ™ใ€
72:40
And the verb is โ€˜sleepโ€™.
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ใจ่จ€ใ„ ใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใฏใ€Œๅฏใ‚‹ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
72:42
For this tense, what we do is we first look at the subject, โ€˜heโ€™.
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ใ“ใฎๆ™‚ๅˆถใงใฏใ€ใพใšไธป่ชžใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€Œๅฝผใ€ใซๆณจ็›ฎใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
72:47
For โ€˜heโ€™, โ€˜sheโ€™ and โ€˜itโ€™, we put โ€˜hasโ€™.
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ใ€Œๅฝผใ€ใ€ใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใ€ใ€ใ€Œใใ‚Œใ€ใซใฏใ€Œhasใ€ใ‚’ไป˜ใ‘ใพใ™ใ€‚
72:52
Then, we add โ€˜beenโ€™. โ€˜has beenโ€™.
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ๆฌกใซใ€ใ€Œbeenใ€ใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œใ‚ใฃใŸใ€ใ€‚
72:57
Finally we add โ€˜-ingโ€™ to the end.
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ๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ€Œ-ingใ€ใ‚’ๆœซๅฐพใซ่ฟฝๅŠ ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
73:00
โ€˜He has been sleeping all week.โ€™
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ใ€ŒๅฝผใฏไปŠ้€ฑใšใฃใจๅฏใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
73:06
The next sentence says, โ€˜You haven't _blank_ for a year.โ€™
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ๆฌกใฎๆ–‡ใซใฏใ€ใ€Œ1 ๅนด้–“็ฉบ็™ฝใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ€ใจๆ›ธใ‹ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
73:11
and the verb is โ€˜travelโ€™.
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ใใ—ใฆๅ‹•่ฉžใฏใ€Œๆ—…่กŒใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
73:13
Now, this is the negative form.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅฆๅฎšๅฝขใงใ™ใ€‚
73:16
So you see the contraction - โ€˜haven'tโ€™.
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ€ŒๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ€ใจใ„ใ†็Ÿญ็ธฎๅฝขใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
73:18
โ€˜You have notโ€™ or โ€˜You haven'tโ€™.
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ใ€Œใ—ใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ€ใ‹ใ€Œใ—ใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ€ใ€‚
73:21
Again, what we do after that is add โ€˜beenโ€™.
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็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใใฎๅพŒใซ่กŒใ†ใฎใฏใ€Œbeenใ€ใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
73:26
Then, do you remember what to do?
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€ไฝ•ใ‚’ใ™ในใใ‹่ฆšใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
73:30
Add โ€˜-ingโ€™ to the verb.
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ๅ‹•่ฉžใซใ€Œ-ingใ€ใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
73:34
โ€˜You haven't been traveling for a year.โ€™
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ใ€Œใ‚‚ใ†1ๅนดใ‚‚ๆ—…่กŒใซ่กŒใฃใฆใชใ„ใ‚“ใงใ™ใญใ€‚ใ€
73:40
Next, it says โ€˜They _blank_ working all day.โ€™
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ๆฌกใซใ€ใ€Œๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏไธ€ๆ—ฅไธญๅƒใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใจๆ›ธใ‹ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
73:46
So the verb โ€˜-ingโ€™ has already been provided for you.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใ€Œ-ingใ€ใฏใ™ใงใซๆไพ›ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
73:50
Now, take a look at the subject.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ๆœฌ้กŒใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
73:53
The subject is โ€˜theyโ€™.
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ไธป่ชžใฏใ€Œๅฝผใ‚‰ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
73:55
Should we use โ€˜haveโ€™? or should we use โ€˜hasโ€™?
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ใ€ŒๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹?ใใ‚Œใจใ‚‚ใ€Œhasใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟใ†ในใใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹๏ผŸ
73:59
The correct answer is โ€˜haveโ€™.
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ๆญฃ่งฃใฏใ€ŒๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
74:03
Then what do you put?
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ใ˜ใ‚ƒใ‚ไฝ•ใ‚’ๅ…ฅใ‚Œใ‚‹ใฎ๏ผŸ
74:04
Remember, we put โ€˜beenโ€™.
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ใ€Œbeenใ€ใ‚’ไป˜ใ‘ใŸใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ€ใ„ๅ‡บใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
74:07
โ€˜They have been working all day.โ€™
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ใ€Œๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏไธ€ๆ—ฅไธญๅƒใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
74:11
Now if you want to make this negative, you can say,
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ๅฆๅฎš็š„ใซ่จ€ใ„ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€
74:14
โ€˜They haven't been working all day.โ€™
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ใ€Œๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏไธ€ๆ—ฅไธญๅƒใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ€ใจ ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
74:18
Now find the mistake in the next sentence.
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ๆฌกใฎๆ–‡ใง้–“้•ใ„ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
74:21
โ€˜My friends have been watch TV.โ€™
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ใ€Œ็งใฎๅ‹้”ใฏใƒ†ใƒฌใƒ“ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
74:24
โ€˜My friends have been watch TV.โ€™
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ใ€Œ็งใฎๅ‹้”ใฏใƒ†ใƒฌใƒ“ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
74:29
What's the mistake?
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ไฝ•ใŒ้–“้•ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
74:30
Remember, we need to add โ€˜-ingโ€™ to the end of the verb.
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ๅ‹•่ฉžใฎๆœซๅฐพใซใ€Œ-ingใ€ใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
74:36
So we should say,
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€
74:38
โ€˜My friends have been watching TV.โ€™
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ใ€Œๅ‹้”ใฏใƒ†ใƒฌใƒ“ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€
74:41
Next, โ€˜Sal did talking for 10 minutes.โ€™
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ใจ่จ€ใ†ในใใงใ™ ใ€‚ ๆฌกใซใ€ใ€Œใ‚ตใƒซใฏ10ๅˆ†้–“่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
74:48
Hmm..
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ใ†ใƒผใ‚“ใ€
74:49
Sal is a โ€˜he'.
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ใ‚ตใƒซใฏใ€Œๅฝผใ€ใงใ™ใญใ€‚
74:51
And โ€˜talkingโ€™ is already there for you.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€Œ่ฉฑใ™ใ€ใ“ใจใฏใ™ใงใซใ‚ใชใŸใฎใŸใ‚ใซใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
74:54
So what's in the middle of those two words is the mistake.
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ 2 ใคใฎๅ˜่ชžใฎ้–“ใซใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใŒ้–“้•ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
74:59
For โ€˜heโ€™, we use โ€˜hasโ€™.
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ใ€Œๅฝผใ€ใซใฏใ€Œhasใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
75:02
So we say โ€˜has beenโ€™.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ€Œใ‚ใฃใŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
75:05
โ€˜Sal has been talking for 10 minutes.โ€™
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ใ€Œใ‚ตใƒซใฏ10ๅˆ†้–“่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
75:08
And finally,
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ใใ—ใฆๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ€
75:10
โ€˜He has been to eat for an hour.โ€™
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ใ€Œๅฝผใฏ1ๆ™‚้–“้ฃŸไบ‹ใซ่กŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
75:13
Hmm..
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ใ†ใƒผใ‚“ใ€
75:14
โ€˜He has beenโ€™ That's correct.
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ใ€Œๅฝผใฏใใ†ใ ใฃใŸใ€ใใ†ใงใ™ใ€‚
75:18
However, in this sentence, the base form of the verb โ€˜eatโ€™ was used.
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ใŸใ ใ—ใ€ใ“ใฎๆ–‡ใงใฏๅ‹•่ฉžใ€Œeatใ€ใฎๅŽŸๅฝขใŒไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
75:24
Instead, remember we need โ€˜-ingโ€™.
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ไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใซใ€ใ€Œ-ingใ€ใŒๅฟ…่ฆใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
75:31
This is the correct answer.
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ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒๆญฃ่งฃใงใ™ใ€‚
75:33
โ€˜He has been eating for an hour.โ€™
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ใ€Œๅฝผใฏ1ๆ™‚้–“ใ‚‚้ฃŸไบ‹ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
75:36
All right, good job. and let's move on to the next practice.
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ใ‚ˆใ—ใ€้ ‘ๅผตใฃใŸใ€‚ใใ—ใฆๆฌกใฎ็ทด็ฟ’ใซ็งปใ‚Šใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
75:41
In this practice, we'll take a look at the present perfect continuous tense,
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ใ“ใฎ็ทด็ฟ’ใงใฏใ€็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†้€ฒ่กŒๅฝขใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ€
75:46
And see how it expresses an action that has been happening recently or lately.
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ใใ‚ŒใŒๆœ€่ฟ‘ใพใŸใฏๆœ€่ฟ‘่ตทใ“ใฃใŸๅ‹•ไฝœใ‚’ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่กจ็พใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
75:51
Let's take a look at the first sentence.
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ๆœ€ๅˆใฎๆ–‡ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
75:53
โ€˜She has _blank_ bad lately.โ€™
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ใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใฏๆœ€่ฟ‘_blank_ๆ‚ชใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€
75:58
And the verb is โ€˜feelโ€™.
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ใใ—ใฆๅ‹•่ฉžใฏใ€Œๆ„Ÿใ˜ใ‚‹ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
76:00
Remember for โ€˜sheโ€™, we use โ€˜hasโ€™.
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ใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใ€ใซใฏใ€Œhasใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
76:04
Then don't forget we need to have โ€˜beenโ€™.
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ๆฌกใซใ€ใ€Œใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
76:08
โ€˜She has beenโ€™
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ใ€ŒShe has beenใ€
76:10
After that, we add โ€˜-ingโ€™ to the verb.
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ใใฎๅพŒใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใซใ€Œ-ingใ€ใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
76:17
The correct sentence is,
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ๆญฃใ—ใ„ๆ–‡ใฏ
76:19
โ€˜She has been feeling bad lately.โ€™
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ใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใฏๆœ€่ฟ‘่ชฟๅญใŒๆ‚ชใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
76:22
The next sentence says,
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ๆฌกใฎๆ–‡ใฏใ€
76:24
โ€˜We haven't _blank_ much recently.โ€™
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ใ€Œๆœ€่ฟ‘ใฏใ‚ใพใ‚Š _blank_ ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ€ใจ
76:28
And the verb is โ€˜cookโ€™.
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่ฟฐในใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆๅ‹•่ฉžใฏใ€Œๆ–™็†ใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
76:30
This is a negative sentence.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅฆๅฎšๆ–‡ใงใ™ใ€‚
76:32
So we say, โ€˜We have notโ€™ or the contraction - โ€˜haven'tโ€™.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ€Œ็งใŸใกใฏๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ใ€ใพใŸใฏ็ธฎ็ด„ใ—ใฆใ€ŒๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
76:36
โ€˜We haven'tโ€™ Don't forget โ€˜beenโ€™, and then verb โ€˜-ingโ€™.
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ใ€ŒWe Haven'tใ€ ใ€Œbeenใ€ใจๅ‹•่ฉžใ€Œ-ingใ€ใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
76:43
โ€˜We haven't been cooking much recently.โ€™
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ใ€Œ็งใŸใกใฏๆœ€่ฟ‘ใ‚ใพใ‚Šๆ–™็†ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ€
76:48
Finally, we move on, let's try to find the mistake.
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ๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ€ๆฌกใซ้€ฒใฟใ€้–“้•ใ„ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
76:54
โ€˜We has been riding bikes to school recently.โ€™
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ใ€Œ็งใŸใกใฏๆœ€่ฟ‘่‡ช่ปข่ปŠใงๅญฆๆ กใซ้€šใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
76:59
What's the mistake in this sentence?
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ใ“ใฎๆ–‡ใฎ้–“้•ใ„ใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹?
77:02
The subject here is โ€˜Weโ€™.
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ใ“ใ“ใงใฎไธป่ชžใฏใ€Œ็งใŸใกใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
77:04
For โ€˜Iโ€™, โ€˜youโ€™, โ€˜weโ€™ and โ€˜theyโ€™, we have to say โ€˜have beenโ€™, not โ€˜has
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ใ€Œ็งใ€ใ€ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใ€ใ€ใ€Œ็งใŸใกใ€ใ€ใ€Œๅฝผใ‚‰ใ€ใซใคใ„ใฆใฏใ€ใ€Œใ‚ใฃใŸใ€ใงใฏใชใใ€Œใ‚ใฃใŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใ‚ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
77:11
beenโ€™.
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ใ€‚
77:13
โ€˜We have been riding bikes to school recently.โ€™
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ใ€Œ็งใŸใกใฏๆœ€่ฟ‘ใ€่‡ช่ปข่ปŠใงๅญฆๆ กใซ้€šใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
77:19
And for the last one,
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ใใ—ใฆๆœ€ๅพŒใฎใ‚‚ใฎใฏใ€
77:20
โ€˜Jenny lately hasn't been helping me.โ€™
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ใ€Œใ‚ธใ‚งใƒ‹ใƒผใฏๆœ€่ฟ‘็งใ‚’ๅŠฉใ‘ใฆใใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ€
77:24
The lately is placed wrong in this sentence.
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ใ“ใฎๆ–‡ใงใฏๆœ€่ฟ‘ใฎไฝ็ฝฎใŒ้–“้•ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
77:28
We have to say,
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ใ€Œๆœ€่ฟ‘ใ€ใ‚ธใ‚งใƒ‹ใƒผใฏ็งใ‚’ๅŠฉใ‘ใฆใใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ€ใจ
77:30
โ€˜Lately, Jenny hasn't been helping me.โ€™
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่จ€ใ‚ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ใพใŸใฏใ€
77:35
or we can also say,
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ใ€Œใ‚ธใ‚งใƒ‹ใƒผใฏๆœ€่ฟ‘็งใ‚’ๅŠฉใ‘ใฆใใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ€ใจ
77:39
โ€˜Jenny hasn't been helping me lately.โ€™
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ใ‚‚่จ€ใˆใพใ™ ใ€‚ ๆฌกใฎๆคœๆŸปใซ็งปใ‚Šใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
77:43
Let's move on to the next checkup.
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ใ“ใฎใƒใ‚งใƒƒใ‚ฏใงใฏใ€็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†็ถ™็ถšๆ™‚ๅˆถ
77:45
In this checkup, we'll talk about the present perfect continuous tense
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ใจใ€ๆœ€่ฟ‘ๅœๆญขใ—ใŸ ใŒ็พๅœจใฎ็ตๆžœใ‚’ไผดใ†
77:50
and how it expresses an action that stopped recently
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ๅ‹•ไฝœใ‚’ใใ‚ŒใŒใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่กจ็พใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹
77:53
but has a present result.
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ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
77:56
The first sentence says,
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ๆœ€ๅˆใฎๆ–‡ใซใฏใ€
77:58
โ€˜I _blank_ . That's why I'm so sweaty.โ€™
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ใ€Œ็งใฏ _blank_ ใ€ใจๆ›ธใ‹ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ๆฑ—ใ ใใชใ‚“ใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€
78:01
The verb here is โ€˜exerciseโ€™.
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ใ“ใ“ใงใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใฏใ€Œ้‹ๅ‹•ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
78:04
And the subject is โ€˜Iโ€™.
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ใใ—ใฆไธป่ชžใฏใ€Œ็งใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
78:06
Do we use โ€˜hasโ€™ or โ€˜haveโ€™ for the subject โ€˜Iโ€™?
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ไธป่ชžใ€ŒIใ€ใซใฏใ€Œhasใ€ใจใ€Œhaveใ€ใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‚’ไฝฟใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
78:10
The correct answer is โ€˜haveโ€™.
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ๆญฃ่งฃใฏใ€ŒๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
78:13
Then, we put โ€˜beenโ€™ and then verb โ€˜-ingโ€™.
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ๆฌกใซใ€ใ€Œbeenใ€ใจๅ‹•่ฉžใ€Œ-ingใ€ใ‚’็ฝฎใใพใ™ใ€‚
78:21
Okay, so the correct answer is,
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ใใ†ใงใ™ใญใ€ๆญฃ่งฃใฏ
78:28
โ€˜I have been exercising.
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ใ€Œ้‹ๅ‹•ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
78:31
That's why I'm so sweaty.โ€™
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ๆฑ—ใ ใใชใ‚“ใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€
78:32
That's the result.
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ใใ‚ŒใŒ็ตๆžœใงใ™ใ€‚
78:34
The next sentence says,
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ๆฌกใฎๆ–‡ใฏใ€
78:36
โ€˜I'm covered in flour because I _blank_.โ€™
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ใ€Œ็งใฏๅฐ้บฆ็ฒ‰ใซใพใฟใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใชใœใชใ‚‰็งใฏ_blank_ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใจ่ฟฐในใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
78:39
And the verb is โ€˜bakeโ€™.
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ใใ—ใฆๅ‹•่ฉžใฏใ€Œ็„ผใใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
78:42
Take a look.
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่ฆ‹ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
78:43
I have โ€˜I'm covered in flour becauseโ€™
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ใ€Œ็งใฏๅฐ้บฆ็ฒ‰ใง่ฆ†ใ‚ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€
78:47
So this first part is the result.
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ใ“ใฎๆœ€ๅˆใฎ้ƒจๅˆ†ใŒ็ตๆžœใงใ™ใ€‚
78:50
I need to show the action that stopped recently in the present perfect continuous tense.
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ๆœ€่ฟ‘ๅœๆญขใ—ใŸๅ‹•ไฝœใ‚’็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†้€ฒ่กŒๅฝขใง็คบใ™ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
78:56
Again, the subject is โ€˜Iโ€™.
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ใ“ใ“ใงใ‚‚ไธป่ชžใฏใ€Œ็งใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
78:58
So we use โ€˜have beenโ€™.
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ใใ“ใงใ€Œhave beenใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
79:02
Then, all we do is add โ€˜-ingโ€™ to the end of baking.
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ใ‚ใจใฏใ€ใƒ™ใ‚คใ‚ฏๅ‡ฆ็†ใฎๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ€Œ-ingใ€ใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚
79:08
โ€˜I have been baking.โ€™
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ใ€Œ็งใฏใƒ‘ใƒณใ‚’็„ผใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
79:12
So again,
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ใใ‚ŒใงใพใŸใ€
79:13
โ€˜I'm covered in flour because I have been baking.โ€™
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ใ€Œใƒ‘ใƒณใ‚’็„ผใ„ใŸใฎใงๅฐ้บฆ็ฒ‰ใŒไป˜ใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
79:17
And we can use the contraction and say,
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ใใ—ใฆ็Ÿญ็ธฎๅฝขใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆ
79:20
โ€˜I've been baking.โ€™
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ใ€Œ็งใฏ็„ผใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
79:22
Now, find the mistake in the next sentence.
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ใงใฏใ€ๆฌกใฎๆ–‡ใฎ้–“้•ใ„ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
79:26
โ€˜She has think a lot, so she has a headache.โ€™
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ใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใฏใ‚ˆใ่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€้ ญใŒ็—›ใใชใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
79:33
Take a look.
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่ฆ‹ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
79:35
The result is that โ€˜she has a headache.โ€™
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ใใฎ็ตๆžœใ€ใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใฏ้ ญใŒ็—›ใ„ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
79:38
So we need to use the present perfect continuous for the first part.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๆœ€ๅˆใฎ้ƒจๅˆ†ใซใฏ็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†้€ฒ่กŒๅฝขใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
79:42
โ€˜She hasโ€™ is correct.
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ใ€ŒๅฝผๅฅณใฏๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใŒๆญฃใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
79:45
What's missing?
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ไฝ•ใŒ่ถณใ‚Šใชใ„ใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹๏ผŸ
79:47
Don't forget the โ€˜beenโ€™.
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ใ€Œbeenใ€ใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
79:50
Also don't forget that we need to add โ€˜-ingโ€™ to the verb.
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ใพใŸใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใซใ€Œ-ingใ€ใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
79:55
โ€˜She has been thinking a lot, so she has a headache.โ€™
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ใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใฏใ‚ˆใ่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€้ ญใŒ็—›ใใชใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
80:02
Look at the next sentence and find the mistake.
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ๆฌกใฎๆ–‡ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆ้–“้•ใ„ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
80:05
โ€˜I'm so hungry because I have been diet.โ€™
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ใ€Œใƒ€ใ‚คใ‚จใƒƒใƒˆใ—ใŸใ‹ใ‚‰ใŠ่…นใŒ็ฉบใ„ใŸใ‚ˆใ€‚ใ€
80:11
The only mistake here is that someone forgot to put the โ€˜-ingโ€™ at the end of the verb,
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ใ“ใ“ใงใฎๅ”ฏไธ€ใฎ้–“้•ใ„ใฏใ€่ชฐใ‹ใŒๅ‹•่ฉžใ€Œdietใ€ใฎๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ€Œ-ingใ€ใ‚’ไป˜ใ‘ใ‚‹ใฎใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚ŒใŸใ“ใจใงใ™
80:17
โ€˜dietโ€™.
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ใ€‚
80:19
The correct answer is,
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ๆญฃ่งฃใฏ
80:21
โ€˜I'm so hungry because I have been dieting.โ€™
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ใ€Œใƒ€ใ‚คใ‚จใƒƒใƒˆใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใŠ่…นใŒ็ฉบใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
80:26
Great job, everyone.
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็š†ใ•ใ‚“ใ€็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ไป•ไบ‹ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
80:28
Let's move on.
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ๆฌกใธ็งปใ‚Šใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
80:29
Thank you so much for watching this grammar course on the present tense.
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็พๅœจๅฝขใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใฎๆ–‡ๆณ•ใ‚ณใƒผใ‚นใ‚’ใ”่ฆงใ„ใŸใ ใใพใ—ใฆ่ช ใซใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
80:34
Now, I want you to watch the next grammar course on the past tense.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ๆฌกใฎ้ŽๅŽปๅฝขใฎๆ–‡ๆณ•่ฌ›ๅบงใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ„ใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
80:37
Iโ€™ll see you there.
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ใใ‚ŒใงใฏใพใŸไผšใ„ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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