PRESENT TENSE | Simple, Continuous, Perfect | Learn English Grammar Course

756,503 views ใƒป 2021-10-06

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์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:00
Hi, everybody.
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์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„.
00:01
Iโ€™m Esther.
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์ €๋Š” ์—์Šค๋”์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:02
Welcome to the grammar video.
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๋ฌธ๋ฒ• ๋น„๋””์˜ค์— ์˜ค์‹  ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™˜์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:04
In this video, I will introduce the present tense.
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์ด๋ฒˆ ์˜์ƒ์—์„œ๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:07
Itโ€™s a very important tense for learning English.
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์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์žˆ์–ด ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์‹œ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:11
In this video, I will introduce the present simple, the present continuous, the present
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์ด๋ฒˆ ์˜์ƒ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆœํ˜„์žฌํ˜•, ํ˜„์žฌ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•, ํ˜„์žฌ
00:17
perfect, and the present perfect continuous tense.
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์™„๋ฃŒํ˜•, ํ˜„์žฌ์™„๋ฃŒ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:21
Thereโ€™s a lot to learn, so keep watching.
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๋ฐฐ์šธ๊ฒŒ ๋งŽ์œผ๋‹ˆ ๊ณ„์† ์‹œ์ฒญํ•ด์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
00:24
And letโ€™s get started.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
00:26
Hi, everybody.
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์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„.
00:28
My name is Esther.
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๋‚ด ์ด๋ฆ„์€ ์—์Šค๋”์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:34
I'm so excited to teach you the present simple tense in today's video.
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์˜ค๋Š˜ ์˜์ƒ์—์„œ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ํ˜„์žฌ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์ณ๋“œ๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์‹ ๋‚˜์š”.
00:39
Now this lesson can be a little difficult,
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์ด์ œ ์ด๋ฒˆ ๋ ˆ์Šจ์€ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ์–ด๋ ค์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ,
00:42
so I'll do my best to keep it easy and fun for you.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜ ์‰ฝ๊ณ  ์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ•์˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์ตœ์„ ์„ ๋‹คํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:45
My goal is for you to understand how and when to use this grammar by the end of the video.
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์ œ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋Š” ์˜์ƒ์ด ๋๋‚  ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ด ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์„ ์–ธ์ œ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:52
Let's get started.
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์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์ž.
00:56
Let's start with the first usage for the present simple tense.
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ํ˜„์žฌ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ์‹œ์ œ์˜ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฒ•๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:00
The first usage is pretty easy.
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฒ•์€ ๋งค์šฐ ์‰ฝ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:02
We use it to talk about facts, truths, and generalizations.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค, ์ง„์‹ค, ์ผ๋ฐ˜ํ™”์— ๊ด€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ด ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:07
Let's look at some examples.
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๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:08
โ€˜The Sun is bright.โ€™
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'ํƒœ์–‘์ด ๋ฐ๋‹ค.'
01:11
Now that's a fact.
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์ด์ œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:13
It doesn't change.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ณ€ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:14
Everybody knows that the Sun is bright.
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ํƒœ์–‘์ด ๋ฐ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋‚˜ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:16
It was bright yesterday.
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์–ด์ œ๋Š” ๋ฐ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:18
It's bright today.
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์˜ค๋Š˜์€ ๋ฐ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:19
And it will be bright tomorrow.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚ด์ผ์€ ๋ฐ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:21
That makes it a fact.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:23
โ€˜Pigs don't fly.โ€™
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'๋ผ์ง€๋Š” ๋‚ ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค.'
01:25
That's also a fact.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:26
Everybody knows that pigs don't fly.
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๋ผ์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋‚ ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด๋‹ค.
01:30
โ€˜Cats are better than dogs.โ€™
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'๊ฐœ๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ณ ์–‘์ด๊ฐ€ ๋‚ซ๋‹ค.'
01:33
Now this you may not agree with.
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์ด์ œ ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ด์— ๋™์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:35
This is my truth.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋‚˜์˜ ์ง„์‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:36
I'm making a generalization about cats and dogs in this example.
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์ด ์˜ˆ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ณ ์–‘์ด์™€ ๊ฐœ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ผ๋ฐ˜ํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:42
And finally, โ€˜It's cold in winter.โ€™
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ '๊ฒจ์šธ์€ ์ถฅ๋‹ค.'
01:45
This really depends on where you live, but for a lot of people, or let's say for
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๊ฑฐ์ฃผํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณณ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ค๋ฅด์ง€๋งŒ ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค, ์ฆ‰
01:49
most people, it is cold in the winter,
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฒจ์šธ์€ ์ถฅ๊ธฐ
01:52
so that's the truth for some people.
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๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ผ๋ถ€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ง„์‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:56
Now let's look back and see what verb I used in the present simple tense.
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์ด์ œ ๋˜๋Œ์•„๋ณด๊ณ  ํ˜„์žฌ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ์‹œ์ œ์— ์–ด๋–ค ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:02
For the first sentence, we have โ€˜isโ€™.
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—๋Š” 'is'๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:04
I use the โ€˜beโ€™ verb โ€˜isโ€™ to talk about the Sun.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ํƒœ์–‘์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ 'be' ๋™์‚ฌ 'is'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:09
In the next sentence, I use the negative of do - โ€˜do notโ€™
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ ์ €๋Š” do์˜ ๋ถ€์ •ํ˜•์ธ 'do not'์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:15
And you'll notice I use the contraction and put these two words together to make it โ€˜don'tโ€™.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ถ•์•ฝํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด ๋‘ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ํ•ฉ์ณ์„œ 'don't'๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ˆˆ์น˜์ฑ„์…จ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:22
โ€˜Cats are better than dogs.โ€™
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'๊ฐœ๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ณ ์–‘์ด๊ฐ€ ๋‚ซ๋‹ค.'
02:25
I use the โ€˜beโ€™ verb "are" to talk about cats because โ€˜catsโ€™ is plural.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ณ ์–‘์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ 'be' ๋™์‚ฌ 'are'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด 'cats'๋Š” ๋ณต์ˆ˜ํ˜•์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:31
And finally, it's cold and winter.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์นจ๋‚ด ์ถฅ๊ณ  ๊ฒจ์šธ์ด ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:34
Here I use the โ€˜beโ€™ verb "is" again,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋Š” 'be' ๋™์‚ฌ 'is'๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ,
02:37
but I use the contraction to combine โ€˜itโ€™ and โ€˜isโ€™
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'it'๊ณผ 'is'๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•˜์—ฌ
02:42
and made โ€˜itโ€™sโ€™.
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'it's'๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ถ•์•ฝํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:44
Let's move on to the next usage.
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๋‹ค์Œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐ€๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:47
We also use the present simple tense to talk about habits and routines.
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๋˜ํ•œ ์Šต๊ด€์ด๋‚˜ ์ผ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ์—๋„ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ํ˜„์žฌํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:52
So things and actions that happen regularly.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ •๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ์ผ๊ณผ ํ–‰๋™.
02:55
Letโ€™s look at the examples.
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์˜ˆ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:56
โ€˜I always eat lunch at noon.โ€™
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'์ €๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ ์ •์˜ค์— ์ ์‹ฌ์„ ๋จน์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
03:00
You'll notice I use the adverb โ€˜alwaysโ€™ because I'm talking about something that I
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€
03:05
do regularly.
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์ •๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— 'ํ•ญ์ƒ'์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•„์‹œ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:06
What is that?
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์ €๊ฒŒ ๋ญ์—์š”?
03:07
โ€˜Eat lunch at noon.โ€™
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'์ •์˜ค์— ์ ์‹ฌ์„ ๋จน์–ด๋ผ.'
03:09
So I use the present simple tense.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆœ ํ˜„์žฌ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:11
And here I use the verb โ€˜eatโ€™.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋Š” '๋จน๋‹ค'๋ผ๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:14
โ€˜I eatโ€ฆโ€™
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'๋‚˜๋Š” ๋จน๋Š”๋‹ค...'
03:16
The second example says you play games every day.
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๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์˜ˆ๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋งค์ผ ๊ฒŒ์ž„์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:20
Do you see the clue that helps you know that this is something that happens regularly?
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ •๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ์ผ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•„๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜๋Š” ๋‹จ์„œ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์…จ๋‚˜์š”?
03:25
It's โ€˜every dayโ€™.
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'๋งค์ผ'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:26
So it's something that happens as a routine or a habit,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ์ผ์ƒ์ด๋‚˜ ์Šต๊ด€์œผ๋กœ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ์ผ์ด๋‹ˆ๊นŒ
03:30
so you play games.
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๊ฒŒ์ž„์„ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
03:32
The verb here is โ€˜playโ€™.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” '๋†€์ด'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:34
โ€˜You playโ€ฆโ€™
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'You play...'
03:36
The next example says โ€˜Seth starts work at 9:00 a.m. daily.โ€™
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๋‹ค์Œ ์˜ˆ๋Š” 'Seth๋Š” ๋งค์ผ ์˜ค์ „ 9์‹œ์— ์ผ์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:42
Again this is something that happens regularly.
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์ด๋ฒˆ์—๋„ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ •๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:44
โ€˜Seth goes to work at 9:00 a.m.โ€™ every day.
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'์„ธ์Šค๋Š” ๋งค์ผ ์˜ค์ „ 9์‹œ์— ์ถœ๊ทผํ•œ๋‹ค'.
03:49
Now you'll notice I put a blue line under the โ€˜sโ€™ in โ€˜startsโ€™.
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์ด์ œ '์‹œ์ž‘'์˜ 's' ์•„๋ž˜์— ํŒŒ๋ž€์ƒ‰ ์„ ์„ ํ‘œ์‹œํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:54
Can you figure out why?
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์ด์œ ๋ฅผ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
03:56
Well remember that when the subject of a sentence is โ€˜heโ€™, โ€˜sheโ€™, or โ€˜itโ€™,
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๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ์ฃผ์–ด๊ฐ€ 'he', 'she', 'it'์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ
04:01
we need to add an โ€˜sโ€™ or โ€˜esโ€™ to the end of the verb in the present simple tense.
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ํ˜„์žฌ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ์‹œ์ œ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ ๋์— 's' ๋˜๋Š” 'es'๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
04:08
Seth is a โ€˜heโ€™, so we need to add an โ€˜sโ€™.
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Seth๋Š” '๊ทธ'์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ 's'๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:12
โ€˜Seth starts work at 9:00 a.m. daily.โ€™
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'์„ธ์Šค๋Š” ๋งค์ผ ์˜ค์ „ 9์‹œ์— ์ผ์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
04:16
And the last example: โ€˜They study English every Monday.โ€™
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ์˜ˆ๋Š” '๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋งค์ฃผ ์›”์š”์ผ์— ์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
04:20
Again, โ€˜every Mondayโ€™ means that they do it regularly,
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์ด๋ฒˆ์—๋„ '๋งค์ฃผ ์›”์š”์ผ'์€ ์ •๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ
04:25
and that's why we use the present simple tense.
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๋‹จ์ˆœ ํ˜„์žฌํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:28
โ€˜They studyโ€ฆโ€™.
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'๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•œ๋‹คโ€ฆ'.
04:30
So as a review, remember we use the present simple tense
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ณต์Šตํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ,
04:33
to talk about habits and routines that happen regularly.
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์ •๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ์Šต๊ด€๊ณผ ์ผ๊ณผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ๋•Œ ํ˜„์žฌ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
04:38
Let's move on.
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๊ณ„์† ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
04:39
We also use the present simple tense with non-continuous verbs.
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๋˜ํ•œ ๋ถˆ์—ฐ์† ๋™์‚ฌ์—๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:44
These are verbs that we don't use in the continuous form,
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์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ์ง€๊ธˆ ๋‹น์žฅ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋”๋ผ๋„
04:47
even if they're happening right now.
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์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:50
They're also called stative verbs.
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. ์ƒํƒœ ๋™์‚ฌ๋ผ๊ณ ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:52
These are connected with thoughts, opinions, feelings, emotions, and our five senses.
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์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ์ƒ๊ฐ, ์˜๊ฒฌ, ๊ฐ์ •, ๊ฐ์ •, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์˜ค๊ฐ๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:59
Let's look at these examples.
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:00
โ€˜I love my mom.โ€™
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'๋‚˜๋Š” ์—„๋งˆ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘.'
05:02
The verb here is โ€˜loveโ€™.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” '์‚ฌ๋ž‘ํ•˜๋‹ค'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:04
That's an emotion, so I use the present simple tense.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฐ์ •์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ํ˜„์žฌํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:08
โ€˜It smells good.โ€™
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'๋ƒ„์ƒˆ ์ข‹๋‹ค.'
05:10
โ€˜Smellโ€™ is one of the five senses, so I use the present simple tense.
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'๋ƒ„์ƒˆ'๋Š” ์˜ค๊ฐ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ํ˜„์žฌํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:15
You'll notice I underlined the โ€˜sโ€™ because remember the subject is โ€˜itโ€™.
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์ฃผ์–ด๊ฐ€ 'it'์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— 's'์— ๋ฐ‘์ค„์„ ๊ทธ์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:21
โ€˜Kelly feels happy.โ€™
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'์ผˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ–‰๋ณตํ•ด์š”.'
05:25
This is talking about a feeling.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋Š๋‚Œ์„ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:27
Again the subject here is โ€˜Kellyโ€™ which is a โ€˜sheโ€™,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋„ ์ฃผ์–ด๋Š” 'she'์ธ 'Kelly'
05:31
so I added an โ€˜sโ€™ to the verb.
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์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋™์‚ฌ์— 's'๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:34
And finally, โ€˜They need help.โ€™
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ '๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋„์›€์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
05:37
We don't say, โ€˜they are needing helpโ€™ even though it's happening right now.
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์ง€๊ธˆ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ๋„ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” '๋„์›€์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค'๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:42
โ€˜Needโ€™ is non-continuous, so we say, โ€˜they need helpโ€™,
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'Need'๋Š” ๋น„์—ฐ์†ํ˜•์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ '๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋„์›€์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ
05:46
so remember you also use the present simple tense with non-continuous verbs,
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์ƒ๊ฐ, ์˜๊ฒฌ, ๊ฐ์ •, ๊ฐ์ • ๋ฐ ์˜ค๊ฐ๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜์–ด
05:52
connected with thoughts, opinions, feelings, emotions, and our five senses.
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๋น„์—ฐ์† ๋™์‚ฌ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํ˜„์žฌ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ์‹œ์ œ๋„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š” . ๊ณ„์† ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
05:57
Let's move on.
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ํ™”์ž๋“ค์€
05:58
Speakers occasionally use the present simple tense to talk about something that will happen
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๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚  ์ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ๋•Œ ๊ฐ€๋” ๋‹จ์ˆœ ํ˜„์žฌํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
06:03
in the near future.
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.
06:05
Now this can be a little confusing, but we're not using the future tense,
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์กฐ๊ธˆ ํ˜ผ๋ž€์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ 
06:10
we're using the present simple tense.
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๋‹จ์ˆœ ํ˜„์žฌ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:12
It's possible to do that and it's actually common for people to do that.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:16
Again, for something that will happen in the near future.
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๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด ์‹œ์ผ ๋‚ด์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚  ์ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:20
Let's look at the examples.
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์˜ˆ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:22
โ€˜I have class at 6 p.m.โ€™
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'์ € ์˜คํ›„ 6์‹œ์— ์ˆ˜์—… ์žˆ์–ด์š”'
06:25
โ€˜6 p.m.โ€™ that's pretty soon, so I can say,
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'์˜คํ›„ 6์‹œ' ๊ฝค ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๊ฑธ๋ฆฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ '์ˆ˜์—… ์žˆ์–ด์š”'
06:28
'I have class.'
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๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์š”
06:30
- the present simple tense.
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. - ํ˜„์žฌ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ์‹œ์ œ.
06:32
โ€˜Lisa arrives on Sunday.โ€™
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'๋ฆฌ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์ผ์š”์ผ์— ๋„์ฐฉํ•ด์š”.'
06:35
Again the near future, โ€˜Sundayโ€™.
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๋˜ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด ๋ฏธ๋ž˜, '์ผ์š”์ผ'.
06:38
So I use the present simple tense.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆœ ํ˜„์žฌ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:41
I added an โ€˜sโ€™ at the end of arrive, because Lisa, the subject, is a โ€˜sheโ€™.
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get์˜ ๋์— 's'๋ฅผ ๋ถ™์ธ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ์ฃผ์–ด์ธ Lisa๊ฐ€ 'she'์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:48
โ€˜We start work soon.โ€™
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'์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ณง ์ผ์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
06:51
Again, the near future, โ€˜soonโ€™,
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์ด๋ฒˆ์—๋„ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๊ฐ€ '๊ณง'
06:53
so I use the present simple verb โ€˜startโ€™.
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์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ํ˜„์žฌ ๋‹จ์ˆœ๋™์‚ฌ 'start'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:58
And finally, โ€˜My students come tomorrow.โ€™
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ '์ œ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์€ ๋‚ด์ผ ์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
07:01
This is something that will happen in the near future,
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์ด๋Š” ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚  ์ผ์ด๊ธฐ
07:05
so I use the verb โ€˜comeโ€™.
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๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— '์˜ค๋‹ค'๋ผ๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:08
So remember it is possible, and it is common to use the present simple tense
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฏ€๋กœ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚  ์ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ๋•Œ
07:13
to talk about something that will happen in the near future.
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๋‹จ์ˆœ ํ˜„์žฌ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
07:18
Let's go to the next usage.
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๋‹ค์Œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:19
Let's talk about a possible negative usage for the present simple tense,
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ํ˜„์žฌ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ์‹œ์ œ์˜ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ์šฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
07:23
and that is โ€˜do notโ€™ and โ€˜does notโ€™.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ 'ํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”'์™€ 'ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:27
The first example says, โ€˜Mike eats bread.โ€™
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์˜ˆ๋Š” 'Mike๊ฐ€ ๋นต์„ ๋จน๋Š”๋‹ค'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:31
I put an โ€˜sโ€™ at the end of โ€˜eatโ€™ because the subject is Mike which is a โ€˜heโ€™.
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์ฃผ์–ด๊ฐ€ 'he'์ธ Mike์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— 'eat' ๋์— 's'๋ฅผ ๋ถ™์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:37
Now that's not a negative statement.
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์ด์ œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ์ง„์ˆ ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:40
What happens when I want to turn it into a negative statement?
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๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ํ‘œํ˜„์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์œผ๋ฉด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋‚˜์š”?
07:43
Well I change it like this - โ€˜Mike doesn't eat bread.โ€™
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. '๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋Š” ๋นต์„ ๋จน์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
07:47
So you'll notice that I didn't move the โ€˜sโ€™ here, okay.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋Š” 's'๋ฅผ ์ด๋™ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:52
Instead I added โ€˜doesn'tโ€™.
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๋Œ€์‹ ์— '์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค'๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:53
I took โ€˜doesโ€™ and โ€˜notโ€™ and I turned it into a contraction by combining the two
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'does'์™€ 'not'์„ ์ทจํ•ด์„œ ๋‘˜์„ ํ•ฉ์ณ์„œ
08:00
and making it โ€˜doesn'tโ€™.
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'does''๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ์ถ•์•ฝํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊ฟจ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:02
So if the subject is โ€˜heโ€™, โ€˜sheโ€™, or โ€˜itโ€™,
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ฃผ์–ด๊ฐ€ 'he', 'she' ๋˜๋Š” 'it'์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ
08:06
we use โ€˜does notโ€™ or โ€˜doesn'tโ€™ to make it negative.
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'does not' ๋˜๋Š” 'does't'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ€์ •๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:10
โ€˜You swim well.โ€™
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'์ˆ˜์˜์„ ์ž˜ํ•˜๊ตฌ๋‚˜.'
08:12
In this case, I don't need to put an โ€˜sโ€™ at the end of โ€˜swimโ€™ because the subject
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์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์ฃผ์–ด๊ฐ€ 'you'์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— 'swim' ๋์— 's'๋ฅผ ๋ถ™์ผ ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
08:17
is โ€˜youโ€™.
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.
08:18
If I want to make this sentence negative, I use โ€˜don'tโ€™.
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์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๋ถ€์ •๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด 'don't'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:23
โ€˜You don't swim well.โ€™
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'๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ˆ˜์˜์„ ์ž˜ ๋ชปํ•ด์š”.'
08:26
I use the contraction for โ€˜doโ€™ and โ€˜notโ€™.
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๋‚˜๋Š” 'do'์™€ 'not'์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ถ•์•ฝํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:29
I combine them to make โ€˜don'tโ€™,
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์ด๋“ค์„ ์กฐํ•ฉํ•ด์„œ 'don't'๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
08:32
so if the subject is โ€˜Iโ€™, โ€˜youโ€™, โ€˜weโ€™, or โ€˜theyโ€™,
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์ฃผ์–ด๊ฐ€ '๋‚˜', '๋„ˆ', '์šฐ๋ฆฌ', '๊ทธ๋“ค'์ด๋ฉด
08:36
we use โ€˜do notโ€™ or โ€˜don'tโ€™.
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'do not', 'don't'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:40
So to review โ€˜do notโ€™ and โ€˜does notโ€™ or โ€˜don'tโ€™ and โ€˜doesn'tโ€™
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ 'ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Œ'๊ณผ 'ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Œ' ๋˜๋Š” 'ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Œ'๊ณผ 'ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Œ'์„ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜๋Š”
08:45
is a possible usage for the negative for present simple
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๊ฒƒ์€ ํ˜„์žฌ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ์‹œ์ œ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ถ€์ •๋ฌธ์˜ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
08:49
tense.
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.
08:50
Let's continue on.
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๊ณ„์†ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
08:51
Now I'll talk about one possible question form for the present simple tense
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์ด์ œ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ํ˜„์žฌ ์‹œ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์งˆ๋ฌธ ํ˜•์‹์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
08:56
and that is by using โ€˜doโ€™ or โ€˜doesโ€™.
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. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ 'do' ๋˜๋Š” 'does'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:00
So let's look at the example, โ€˜They live here.โ€™
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ '๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์‚ฐ๋‹ค'๋ผ๋Š” ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:04
That's not a question, right?
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ์ฃ ?
09:05
'They live hereโ€™
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'๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์‚ฐ๋‹ค'๋ฅผ
09:07
In order to turn it into a question, it's really simple.
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์งˆ๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋ฉด ์ •๋ง ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:11
All I have to do is add โ€˜doโ€™ to the beginning and add a question mark at the end.
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ผ์€ ์‹œ์ž‘ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์— 'do'๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋์— ๋ฌผ์Œํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:16
โ€˜Do they live here?โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?'
09:19
So if the subject is โ€˜Iโ€™, โ€˜youโ€™, โ€˜weโ€™, or โ€˜theyโ€™,
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ฃผ์–ด๊ฐ€ '๋‚˜', '๋„ˆ', '์šฐ๋ฆฌ', '๊ทธ๋“ค'์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š”
09:23
simply add โ€˜doโ€™ to the beginning of the question.
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์งˆ๋ฌธ ์•ž์— 'do'๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:26
How about this one, โ€˜He plays soccer.โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋Š” ์ถ•๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ•œ๋‹ค'๋Š” ๊ฑด ์–ด๋–ค๊ฐ€์š”?
09:30
In this statement, the subject is โ€˜heโ€™ and that's why you should know by now,
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์ด ์ง„์ˆ ์—์„œ ์ฃผ์–ด๋Š” 'he'์ด๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์ง€๊ธˆ์ฏค ์•Œ์•„์•ผ ํ•  ์ด์œ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:36
I have an โ€˜sโ€™ at the end of โ€˜playโ€™.
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'play' ๋์— 's'๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:39
However, to turn this into a question, I add โ€˜doesโ€™ at the beginning.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ฒ˜์Œ์— 'does'๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:44
โ€˜Does he play soccer?โ€™
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'๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ์ถ•๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋‚˜์š”?'
09:48
What you'll notice here is that I no longer have the โ€˜sโ€™ at the end of play.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋๋‚  ๋•Œ ๋” ์ด์ƒ 's'๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:54
Instead I just used โ€˜doesโ€™ at the beginning,
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๋Œ€์‹  ์ฒ˜์Œ์—๋Š” 'does'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:57
so for โ€˜heโ€™, โ€˜sheโ€™, or โ€˜itโ€™, put โ€˜doesโ€™ at the beginning,
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ 'he', 'she' ๋˜๋Š” 'it'์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” 'does'๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์— ๋„ฃ๊ณ 
10:01
and don't worry about putting an โ€˜sโ€™ or โ€˜esโ€™ at the end of the verb.
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's' ๋˜๋Š” 'es'๋ฅผ ๋„ฃ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”. ๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ๋.
10:06
So to review, one possible way of forming a question for the present simple tense is
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๋ณต์Šตํ•˜์ž๋ฉด ํ˜„์žฌ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ์‹œ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€
10:13
using โ€˜doโ€™ or โ€˜doesโ€™ at the beginning.
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์‹œ์ž‘ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์— 'do' ๋˜๋Š” 'does'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:16
Alright let's move on.
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์ข‹์•„, ๊ณ„์†ํ•˜์ž.
10:17
Let's start with the first checkup.
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ ๊ฒ€๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:20
In this checkup, I want you to focus on the โ€˜beโ€™ verbs.
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์ด๋ฒˆ ์ ๊ฒ€์—์„œ๋Š” 'be' ๋™์‚ฌ์— ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•ด ๋ณด์‹œ๊ธธ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:24
Remember โ€˜beโ€™ verbs, in the present simple tense, can be โ€˜isโ€™, โ€˜amโ€™, or โ€˜areโ€™.
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ํ˜„์žฌ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ์‹œ์ œ์—์„œ 'be' ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” 'is', 'am' ๋˜๋Š” 'are'๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
10:31
Take a look at the first sentence.
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
10:32
It says, โ€˜She _ blank _ at school.โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” _ ํ•™๊ต์—์„œ _ ๊ณต๋ฐฑ'์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ ํ˜€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:37
The subject of this sentence is โ€˜sheโ€™.
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์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ์ฃผ์–ด๋Š” 'she' ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:41
What โ€˜beโ€™ verb do we use for โ€˜sheโ€™?
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'she'์—๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค 'be' ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋‚˜์š”?
10:43
The correct answer is โ€˜isโ€™.
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์ •๋‹ต์€ '์ด๋‹ค'์ด๋‹ค.
10:48
Now if you were thinking of the negative, the
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์ด์ œ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
10:51
correct answer would be โ€˜she isn'tโ€™
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์ •๋‹ต์€ '๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์•„๋‹ˆ๋‹ค'
10:53
or โ€˜she is notโ€™.
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๋˜๋Š” '๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์•„๋‹ˆ๋‹ค'๊ฐ€ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:56
That's correct as well.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋„ ๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:58
And if we want to use a contraction for โ€˜she isโ€™, we can say โ€˜she's at schoolโ€™
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  'she is'์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ถ•์•ฝํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด 'she's at school'์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
11:05
For the next one, it says, โ€˜They _ blank _ twenty years old.โ€™
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. ๋‹ค์Œ ํ‘œํ˜„์€ '๊ทธ๋“ค _ ๊ณต๋ฐฑ _ 20์„ธ'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:11
The subject of this sentence is โ€˜theyโ€™.
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์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ์ฃผ์–ด๋Š” '๊ทธ๋“ค'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:14
What โ€˜beโ€™ verb do we use for โ€˜theyโ€™?
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'๊ทธ๋“ค'์—๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค 'be' ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋‚˜์š”?
11:17
The correct answer is โ€˜areโ€™.
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์ •๋‹ต์€ '์ด๋‹ค'์ด๋‹ค.
11:24
For the negative, you can also use โ€˜aren'tโ€™ or โ€˜are notโ€™.
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๋ถ€์ •๋ฌธ์—๋Š” 'aren't' ๋˜๋Š” 'are not'์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:29
Also if you want to use the contraction for โ€˜they areโ€™, you can say,
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๋˜ํ•œ '๊ทธ๋“ค์€'์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ถ•์•ฝํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด
11:34
โ€˜They're 20 years old.โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋“ค์€ 20์„ธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:38
The next sentence says, โ€˜His father _ blank_ busy.โ€™
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ '๊ทธ์˜ ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๋Š”_๊ณต๋ฐฑ_๋ฐ”๋น '์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:42
The subject of this sentence is โ€˜his fatherโ€™.
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์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ์ฃผ์–ด๋Š” '๊ทธ์˜ ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:47
What subject pronoun do we use for โ€˜his fatherโ€™?
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'๊ทธ์˜ ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€'์—๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ์ฃผ์–ด ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
11:51
The correct answer is โ€˜heโ€™.
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์ •๋‹ต์€ '๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ'์ด๋‹ค.
11:53
Remember for โ€˜heโ€™, โ€˜sheโ€™, โ€˜itโ€™, the โ€˜beโ€™ verb is โ€˜isโ€™.
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'he', 'she', 'it'์˜ 'be' ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” 'is'๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
12:00
For the negative, we can say โ€˜isn'tโ€™ or โ€˜is notโ€™.
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๋ถ€์ •์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” '์•„๋‹ˆ๋‹ค' ๋˜๋Š” '์•„๋‹ˆ๋‹ค'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:05
And for a contraction, for โ€˜fatherโ€™ and โ€˜isโ€™, we can say, โ€˜His father's busy.โ€™
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹จ์ถ•ํ˜•์ธ 'father'์™€ 'is'๋Š” '๊ทธ์˜ ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”์˜๋‹ค'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:12
Now I want you to try to find the mistakes in this sentence.
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์ด์ œ ์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ ํ‹€๋ฆฐ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ์ฐพ์•„๋ณด์‹œ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:18
โ€˜We isn't good friends.โ€™
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'์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ข‹์€ ์นœ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
12:22
Did you find the mistake?
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์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•˜๋‚˜์š”?
12:27
This is the mistake.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์‹ค์ˆ˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:29
The subject is โ€˜weโ€™ and the โ€˜beโ€™ verb is โ€˜areโ€™.
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์ฃผ์–ด๋Š” 'we'์ด๊ณ  'be' ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” 'are'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:33
Therefore, the correct answer is โ€˜we are notโ€™,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ •๋‹ต์€ '์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์•„๋‹ˆ๋‹ค',
12:37
or the contraction, โ€˜we aren't good friends.โ€™
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ํ˜น์€ ์ค„์—ฌ์„œ '์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ข‹์€ ์นœ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋‹ค'์ด๋‹ค.
12:42
The next sentence.
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ.
12:47
Can you find the mistake?
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์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
12:48
โ€˜Are John a teacher?โ€™
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'์กด์€ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜์ธ๊ฐ€์š”?'
12:51
Think about the subject of this sentence.
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์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ์ฃผ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
12:55
The subject is โ€˜Johnโ€™.
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์ฃผ์ œ๋Š” '์กด'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:59
And โ€˜Johnโ€™, the subject pronoun is โ€˜heโ€™.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  'John', ์ฃผ์–ด ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ๋Š” 'he'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:02
Therefore, we don't use โ€˜areโ€™, we use โ€˜isโ€™.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฏ€๋กœ 'are'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  'is'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:10
โ€˜Is John a teacher?โ€™
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'์กด์€ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜์ธ๊ฐ€์š”?'
13:12
โ€˜Is John a teacher?โ€™
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'์กด์€ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜์ธ๊ฐ€์š”?'
13:15
And finally, โ€˜It am a puppy.โ€™
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ '๊ฐ•์•„์ง€์˜ˆ์š”.'
13:17
hmm This one is a big mistake.
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ํ  ์ด๊ฑด ํฐ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋„ค์š”.
13:20
The subject here is โ€˜itโ€™.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ์˜ ์ฃผ์–ด๋Š” 'it'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:22
What โ€˜beโ€™ verb do we use for โ€˜itโ€™?
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'it'์—๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค 'be' ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
13:25
The correct answer is โ€˜isโ€™.
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์ •๋‹ต์€ '์ด๋‹ค'์ด๋‹ค.
13:28
So we don't say, โ€˜It am a puppy,โ€™ we say, โ€˜It is a puppy.โ€™
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” '๊ฐ•์•„์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  '๊ฐ•์•„์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:34
Great job guys.
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์ •๋ง ์ž˜ํ–ˆ์–ด์š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„.
13:35
Let's move on to the next checkup.
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๋‹ค์Œ ์ ๊ฒ€์œผ๋กœ ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐ€๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:37
For the next checkup, I want you to think of some other verbs in the present simple
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๋‹ค์Œ ๊ฒ€์ง„์—์„œ๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ์‹œ์ œ์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋™์‚ฌ๋“ค์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณด์‹œ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
13:42
tense.
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.
13:43
Take a look at the first sentence.
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
13:45
โ€˜He __ blank __ โ€ฆโ€™, I want you to think of the verb, โ€˜like his dinnerโ€™.
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'๊ทธ๋Š” __ ๊ณต๋ฐฑ __ ...', '๊ทธ์˜ ์ €๋… ์‹์‚ฌ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ'์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณด์…จ์œผ๋ฉด ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:51
What do we do to the verb when the subject is โ€˜heโ€™, โ€˜sheโ€™, or โ€˜itโ€™?
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์ฃผ์–ด๊ฐ€ 'he', 'she', 'it'์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋‚˜์š”?
13:56
Remember we add an โ€˜sโ€™.
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's'๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
13:58
โ€˜He likes his dinner.โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋Š” ์ €๋… ์‹์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ข‹์•„ํ•ด์š”.'
14:02
For the negative, you can also say, โ€˜He doesn't like his dinner.โ€™
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๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” '๊ทธ๋Š” ์ €๋… ์‹์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:07
The next sentence says, โ€˜My students __ blank __โ€ฆโ€™, I want you to think of โ€˜needโ€™,
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ '๋‚˜์˜ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์€ __ ๊ณต๋ฐฑ __
14:14
โ€˜โ€ฆbooksโ€™.
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โ€ฆ
14:15
What is the subject pronoun for โ€˜my studentsโ€™?
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'๋‚˜์˜ ํ•™์ƒ'์˜ ๊ณผ๋ชฉ ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
14:19
The correct answer is โ€˜theyโ€™.
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์ •๋‹ต์€ '๊ทธ๋“ค'์ด๋‹ค.
14:22
If the subject is โ€˜Iโ€™, โ€˜youโ€™, โ€˜weโ€™, or โ€˜theyโ€™, in the present simple tense,
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์ฃผ์–ด๊ฐ€ '๋‚˜', '๋„ˆ', '์šฐ๋ฆฌ', '๊ทธ๋“ค'์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํ˜„์žฌ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ์‹œ์ œ์—์„œ๋Š”
14:27
we don't change the verb, we keep it as is.
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๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๊พธ์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ์œ ์ง€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:31
So the correct answer is, โ€˜My students need books.โ€™
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ •๋‹ต์€ '๋‚ด ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์ฑ…์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค'์ด๋‹ค.
14:37
Now for the negative, you can say, โ€˜My students don't need books.โ€™
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์ด์ œ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ '๋‚ด ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์ฑ…์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:41
The next sentence says, โ€˜I __ blank __โ€ฆโ€™, think of the verb,
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ 'I __ ๊ณต๋ฐฑ __โ€ฆ'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋™์‚ฌ
14:47
โ€˜โ€ฆlive in London.โ€™
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'โ€ฆlive in London'์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
14:50
What do we do here?
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
14:52
Again the subject is โ€˜Iโ€™, therefore we don't change the verb.
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์ด๋ฒˆ์—๋„ ์ฃผ์–ด๋Š” 'I'์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๊พธ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:57
The correct answer is, โ€˜I live in London.โ€™
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์ •๋‹ต์€ '๋‚˜๋Š” ๋Ÿฐ๋˜์— ์‚ฐ๋‹ค'์ด๋‹ค.
15:01
What's the negative?
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๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ์ ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
15:03
โ€˜I don't live in London.โ€™
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'๋‚˜๋Š” ๋Ÿฐ๋˜์— ์‚ด์ง€ ์•Š์•„์š”.'
15:07
For the next part, I would like for you to try to find the mistake in the sentence.
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ ํ‹€๋ฆฐ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ์ฐพ์•„๋ณด์‹œ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:12
โ€˜He doesn't likes math.โ€™
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'๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ์ˆ˜ํ•™์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„์š”.'
15:15
What's the error here?
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์˜ค๋ฅ˜๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
15:18
Well this is a negative.
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์Œ, ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:20
โ€˜He doesn'tโ€ฆโ€™, that's correct.
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'๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€โ€ฆ', ๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:23
However, we do not add an โ€˜sโ€™ when we have โ€˜doesn'tโ€™ in front of โ€˜itโ€™.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ 'it' ์•ž์— 'does't'๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด 's'๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:30
โ€˜Do he eat candy?โ€™
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'๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ์‚ฌํƒ•์„ ๋จน๋‚˜์š”?'
15:33
Here we have a question.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:35
The subject of the sentence is โ€˜heโ€™.
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๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ์ฃผ์–ด๋Š” '๊ทธ'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:39
For โ€˜heโ€™, โ€˜sheโ€™, โ€˜itโ€™, when we're making a sentence in the present simple tense,
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'he', 'she', 'it'์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ํ˜„์žฌํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค ๋•Œ๋Š” '
15:46
we use โ€˜doesโ€™ not โ€˜doโ€™.
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do'๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ 'does'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:49
So the correct answer is, โ€˜Does he eat candy?โ€™
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ •๋‹ต์€ '์‚ฌํƒ•์„ ๋จน๋‚˜์š”?' ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:54
And finally, โ€˜Sam is play computer games.โ€™
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ '์ƒ˜์€ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ๊ฒŒ์ž„์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.'
15:57
There are two present simple verbs here and we can't have that,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‘ ๊ฐœ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฐ€์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:02
so the correct way to fix this sentence is to get rid of the โ€˜isโ€™.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๊ณ ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ 'is'๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:08
So take that out and say, โ€˜Sam plays computer games.โ€™
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ๊ทธ๊ฑธ ๊บผ๋‚ด์„œ '์ƒ˜์€ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ๊ฒŒ์ž„์„ ํ•ด์š”'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
16:16
Add an โ€˜sโ€™ because the subject is โ€˜Samโ€™ which is a โ€˜heโ€™.
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์ฃผ์–ด๊ฐ€ '๊ทธ'์ธ 'Sam'์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— 's'๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
16:21
Great job!
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์ž˜ ํ–ˆ์–ด!
16:22
Let's move on to the next practice.
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๋‹ค์Œ ์—ฐ์Šต์œผ๋กœ ๋„˜์–ด ๊ฐ‘์‹œ๋‹ค.
16:24
For this next practice, we're taking a look at routines.
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๋‹ค์Œ ์—ฐ์Šต์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ฃจํ‹ด์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:27
Remember the present simple tense can be used to describe events that happen regularly.
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ํ˜„์žฌ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ์‹œ์ œ๋Š” ์ •๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
16:33
Let's take a look at the first sentence,
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'์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋งค์ผ ๋ฒ„์Šค๋ฅผ_๊ณต๋ฐฑ_ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'๋ผ๋Š”
16:35
โ€˜We _ blank _ the bus every day.โ€™
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
16:39
And I want you to use the verb โ€˜takeโ€™.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  'take'๋ผ๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ธธ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:43
Here we see the clue word โ€˜every dayโ€™ which shows that this is a routine.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ผ์ƒ์ž„์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์„œ์ธ '๋งค์ผ'์„ ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:48
The subject of the sentence is โ€˜weโ€™.
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๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ์ฃผ์–ด๋Š” '์šฐ๋ฆฌ'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:52
In the present simple tense,
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ํ˜„์žฌ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ์‹œ์ œ์—์„œ๋Š”
16:54
remember if the subject is โ€˜Iโ€™, โ€˜youโ€™, โ€˜weโ€™, or โ€˜theyโ€™,
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์ฃผ์–ด๊ฐ€ '๋‚˜', '๋„ˆ', '์šฐ๋ฆฌ', '๊ทธ๋“ค'์ด๋ฉด
16:58
we do not change the verb.
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๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๊พธ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
17:01
Therefore the correct answer is, โ€˜We take the bus every day.โ€™
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ •๋‹ต์€ '์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋งค์ผ ๋ฒ„์Šค๋ฅผ ํƒ„๋‹ค'์ด๋‹ค.
17:08
In the second sentence it says, โ€˜He _ blank _ to school every morning.โ€™
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๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—๋Š” '๊ทธ๋Š” ๋งค์ผ ์•„์นจ _ ๊ณตํ—ˆํ•œ _ ํ•™๊ต์— ๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'๋ผ๊ณ  ์ ํ˜€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:13
Again a routine.
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๋‹ค์‹œ ์ผ์ƒ.
17:16
The subject here is โ€˜heโ€™.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ฃผ์–ด๋Š” '๊ทธ'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:19
What do we do if the subject is โ€˜heโ€™, โ€˜sheโ€™, or โ€˜itโ€™?
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์ฃผ์–ด๊ฐ€ 'he', 'she', 'it'์ด๋ฉด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋‚˜์š”?
17:23
We add โ€˜sโ€™ or โ€˜esโ€™ to the verb.
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๋™์‚ฌ์— 's' ๋˜๋Š” 'es'๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:26
In this example, the verb is โ€˜goโ€™, so we have to add โ€˜esโ€™.
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์ด ์˜ˆ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ 'go'์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ 'es'๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:32
โ€˜He goes to school every morning.โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋Š” ๋งค์ผ ์•„์นจ ํ•™๊ต์— ๊ฐ€์š”.'
17:38
In the next sentence, it says, โ€˜Lizzy not play (in parenthesis) tennis.โ€™
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—๋Š” 'Lizzy๋Š” (๊ด„ํ˜ธ ์•ˆ์—) ํ…Œ๋‹ˆ์Šค๋ฅผ ์น˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'๋ผ๊ณ  ์ ํ˜€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:44
Here I want you to think about the negative form.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋‚˜๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ํ˜•ํƒœ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณด๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:48
Lizzy is a โ€˜sheโ€™.
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๋ฆฌ์ง€๋Š” '๊ทธ๋…€'๋‹ค.
17:50
The subject pronoun is โ€˜sheโ€™ so what do we do for the negative?
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์ฃผ์–ด ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ๋Š” 'she'์ธ๋ฐ ๋ถ€์ •๋ฌธ์€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
17:55
We say โ€˜does notโ€™ or the contraction โ€˜doesn't play tennisโ€™.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” 'ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค' ๋˜๋Š” ์ค„์—ฌ์„œ 'ํ…Œ๋‹ˆ์Šค๋ฅผ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:03
We do not add an โ€˜sโ€™ or โ€˜esโ€™ to the end of the verb.
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๋™์‚ฌ ๋์— 's'๋‚˜ 'es'๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:08
Instead we say โ€˜doesn'tโ€™ or โ€˜does notโ€™.
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๋Œ€์‹ ์— ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” 'ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค' ๋˜๋Š” 'ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:12
Now I want you to find a mistake in the next sentence.
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์ด์ œ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•„๋ณด์‹œ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:16
โ€˜They watches TV at night.โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋ฐค์— TV๋ฅผ ๋ณธ๋‹ค.'
18:20
Can you figure out what's wrong with the sentence?
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๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
18:23
The subject is โ€˜theyโ€™.
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์ฃผ์ œ๋Š” '๊ทธ๋“ค'์ด๋‹ค.
18:26
Therefore, remember, we do not change the verb.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๊พธ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
18:31
We say โ€˜watchโ€™.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” '์‹œ๊ณ„'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:34
โ€˜They watch TV at nightโ€™.
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'๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋ฐค์— TV๋ฅผ ๋ณธ๋‹ค'.
18:38
In the next sentence, or question, it says, โ€˜Does he plays soccer every week?โ€™
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ด๋‚˜ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์—๋Š” '๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ๋งค์ฃผ ์ถ•๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋‚˜์™€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:45
The subject of the sentence is โ€˜heโ€™.
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๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ์ฃผ์–ด๋Š” '๊ทธ'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:48
To make a sentence, putting โ€˜doesโ€™ at the beginning is okay,
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๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๋ ค๋ฉด ์•ž์— 'does'๋ฅผ ๋ถ™์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์ง€
18:53
However, we don't put an โ€˜sโ€™ at the end of โ€˜playโ€™.
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๋งŒ, 'play' ๋’ค์—๋Š” 's'๋ฅผ ๋ถ™์ด์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:58
Therefore, the correct answer is to simply say,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ •๋‹ต์€ ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ
19:01
โ€˜Does he play soccer every week?โ€™
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'๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ๋งค์ฃผ ์ถ•๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:06
And finally, โ€˜He always forget his book.โ€™
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ '๊ทธ๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ ์ฑ…์„ ์žŠ์–ด๋ฒ„๋ฆฐ๋‹ค.'
19:10
In this case, the subject is โ€˜heโ€™.
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์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ฃผ์–ด๋Š” 'he'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:14
Remember, again, for he/she/it we add 's' or 'es' to the end of the verb.
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๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”. he/she/it์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋™์‚ฌ ๋์— 's' ๋˜๋Š” 'es'๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:22
What's the verb in the sentence?
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๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€์š”?
19:25
It's โ€˜forgetโ€™.
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'์žŠ๋Š”๋‹ค'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:27
Therefore we have to say, โ€˜He always forgets his book.โ€™
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” '๊ทธ๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ ์ฑ…์„ ์žŠ์–ด๋ฒ„๋ฆฐ๋‹ค'๊ณ  ๋งํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:33
Great job.
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์ž˜ ํ–ˆ์–ด.
19:35
Let's move on to the next practice.
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๋‹ค์Œ ์—ฐ์Šต์œผ๋กœ ๋„˜์–ด ๊ฐ‘์‹œ๋‹ค.
19:37
In this checkup, we'll take a look at how the present simple tense can be used to describe
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์ด๋ฒˆ ์ ๊ฒ€์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋‹จ์ˆœ ํ˜„์žฌ ์‹œ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
19:43
future events.
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.
19:45
Take a look at the first sentence.
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
19:47
It says, โ€˜The airplane _ blank _ tonight.โ€™
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'์˜ค๋Š˜ ๋ฐค ๋น„ํ–‰๊ธฐ๋Š” _ ๋น„์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'๋ผ๊ณ  ์ ํ˜€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:51
And we're looking at the verb โ€˜leaveโ€™.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” '๋– ๋‚˜๋‹ค'๋ผ๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:54
What is the subject of the sentence?
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๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ์ฃผ์–ด๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
19:57
The correct answer is โ€˜airplaneโ€™.
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์ •๋‹ต์€ '๋น„ํ–‰๊ธฐ' ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:00
What subject pronoun do we use for โ€˜airplaneโ€™?
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'๋น„ํ–‰๊ธฐ'์—๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ์ฃผ์ œ ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋‚˜์š”?
20:04
It's โ€˜itโ€™.
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'๊ทธ๊ฒƒ'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:06
Remember in the present simple tense, for โ€˜heโ€™, โ€˜sheโ€™, โ€˜itโ€™, we add an โ€˜sโ€™
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ํ˜„์žฌ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ์‹œ์ œ์—์„œ๋Š” 'he', 'she', 'it'์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ
20:11
or โ€˜esโ€™ to the verb.
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๋™์‚ฌ์— 's' ๋˜๋Š” 'es'๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:14
The verb here is โ€˜leaveโ€™ so we simply add an โ€˜sโ€™.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” 'leave'์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํžˆ 's'๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:18
The correct answer is, โ€˜The airplane leaves tonight.โ€™
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์ •๋‹ต์€ '์˜ค๋Š˜ ๋ฐค ๋น„ํ–‰๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ถœ๋ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:22
In the second sentence, it says, โ€˜Does the movie _blank_ soon?โ€™
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๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—๋Š” '์˜ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๊ณง _blank_ ๊ฐœ๋ด‰๋˜๋‚˜์š”?'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋‚˜์™€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:30
And we're using the verb โ€˜startโ€™.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ '์‹œ์ž‘'์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:33
What is the subject of this sentence?
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์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ์ฃผ์–ด๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
20:36
Itโ€™s โ€˜movieโ€™.
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'์˜ํ™”' ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:38
And what subject pronoun do we use for movie?
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์˜ํ™”์—์„œ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ์ฃผ์ œ ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋‚˜์š”?
20:41
Itโ€™s โ€˜itโ€™.
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'๊ทธ๊ฒƒ'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:43
So it's like saying, โ€˜Does it _ blank _ soon?โ€™
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ '๊ณง _ ๊ณต๋ฐฑ์ด_ ๋˜๋‚˜์š”?'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:47
Well this is a question, so we already have the correct word in the front - โ€˜doesโ€™.
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๊ธ€์Ž„, ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ์•ž์— 'does'๋ผ๋Š” ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฏธ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:54
For he/she/it, when we're asking a question, we use โ€˜doesโ€™.
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๊ทธ/๊ทธ๋…€/๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ํ•  ๋•Œ 'does'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:00
Now all we have to do is use the same verb in its base form,
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์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ผ์€ ๋™์ผํ•œ ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:06
so โ€˜Does the movie start soon?โ€™
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ '์˜ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๊ณง ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜๋‚˜์š”?'
21:09
We do not add an โ€˜sโ€™ or โ€˜esโ€™ here.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” 's' ๋˜๋Š” 'es'๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:14
Finally, it says, โ€˜Viki _ blank _ tomorrow.โ€™
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ '๋น„ํ‚ค_๊ณต๋ฐฑ_๋‚ด์ผ'์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋œน๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:18
The subject of the sentence is โ€˜Vickiโ€™.
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๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ์ฃผ์–ด๋Š” 'Vicki' ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:21
โ€˜Vickiโ€™ is a girl so the subject pronoun is โ€˜sheโ€™.
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'Vicki'๋Š” ์—ฌ์ž์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ฃผ์–ด ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ๋Š” 'she'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:27
You'll remember now that forโ€ฆ in this case, we put โ€˜worksโ€™.
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์ด์ œ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์‹ค ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. for... ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” 'works'๋ฅผ ๋„ฃ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:31
w-o-r-k-s โ€˜worksโ€™.
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์ž‘๋™ '์ž‘๋™'ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:33
โ€˜Vicki works tomorrow.โ€™
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'๋น„ํ‚ค๋Š” ๋‚ด์ผ ์ผํ•ด์š”.'
21:38
Now let's find the mistakes in the sentence below.
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์ด์ œ ์•„๋ž˜ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ ํ‹€๋ฆฐ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ์ฐพ์•„๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:41
โ€˜He do leave at 3:30 p.m.โ€™
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'๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ์˜คํ›„ 3์‹œ 30๋ถ„์— ๋– ๋‚œ๋‹ค'
21:45
Actually there's only one mistake.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค์€ ๋”ฑ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ํ‹€๋ฆฐ ๊ฒŒ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
21:48
Can you find it?
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
21:50
โ€˜He do leave at 3:30 p.m.โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋Š” ์˜คํ›„ 3์‹œ 30๋ถ„์— ์ถœ๋ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค'
21:55
We do not need the โ€˜doโ€™ here.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋Š” 'do'๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:58
We only use โ€˜doโ€™ in a question or in the negative form.
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'do'๋Š” ์˜๋ฌธ๋ฌธ์ด๋‚˜ ๋ถ€์ •ํ˜•์—๋งŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:03
But also the subject is โ€˜heโ€™, so we would use โ€˜doesโ€™.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ฃผ์–ด๋„ 'he'์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ 'does'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:07
Either way we don't need this here.
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์–ด๋Š ์ชฝ์ด๋“  ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:10
Well now we have the verb โ€˜leaveโ€™ with the subject โ€˜heโ€™.
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์ด์ œ ์ฃผ์–ด 'he'๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ 'leave'๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ฒผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:14
Do you know what to do?
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๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•ด์•ผํ• ์ง€ ์•„์‹œ๋‚˜์š”?
22:17
We simply change this to โ€˜leavesโ€™.
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๊ฐ„๋‹จํžˆ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ '์žŽ'์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:22
Just like we did in the first sentence.
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ์š”.
22:24
โ€˜He leaves at 3:30 p.m.โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋Š” ์˜คํ›„ 3์‹œ 30๋ถ„์— ์ถœ๋ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
22:27
In the next sentence, โ€˜They don't start school today.โ€™
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.' ๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ๋Š” '๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์˜ค๋Š˜ ํ•™๊ต๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
22:32
We have a negative sentence.
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๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:35
โ€˜They don'tโ€ฆโ€™, that's correct.
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'๊ทธ๋“ค์€โ€ฆ', ๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:38
โ€˜โ€ฆdo notโ€™ is correct.
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'...ํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”'๊ฐ€ ๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:41
For subject pronoun โ€˜theyโ€™.
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์ฃผ์ œ ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ '๊ทธ๋“ค'์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ.
22:43
However, in the negative form, we don't have to change the main verb at all.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋ถ€์ •ํ˜•์—์„œ๋Š” โ€‹โ€‹๋ณธ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ „ํ˜€ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ€ ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:49
Therefore, all we will do is say, โ€˜They don't start school today.โ€™
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•  ์ผ์€ '์˜ค๋Š˜์€ ๊ฐœํ•™ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:54
No โ€˜sโ€™.
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's'๋Š” ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:56
Finally, โ€˜Does we eat at noon?โ€™
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ '์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ ์‹ฌ ๋จน์„๊นŒ?'
23:01
Take a look.
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๊ตฌ๊ฒฝํ•˜๋‹ค.
23:02
What is the subject or subject pronoun in the sentence?
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๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ ์ฃผ์–ด๋‚˜ ์ฃผ์–ด ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
23:07
The correct answer is โ€˜weโ€™.
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์ •๋‹ต์€ '์šฐ๋ฆฌ' ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:10
Think about the question form.
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์งˆ๋ฌธ ํ˜•์‹์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
23:13
Do we say โ€˜doโ€™ or โ€˜doesโ€™ in the question form for the subject pronoun โ€˜weโ€™?
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์ฃผ์–ด ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ 'we'์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ ํ˜•์‹์—์„œ 'do' ๋˜๋Š” 'does'๋ฅผ ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
23:18
The correct answer is โ€˜doโ€™.
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์ •๋‹ต์€ 'ํ•œ๋‹ค'์ด๋‹ค.
23:21
We say โ€˜doโ€™.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” 'ํ•œ๋‹ค'๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:24
So the correct way to say this sentence or question is,
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ด๋‚˜ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€
23:27
โ€˜Do we eat at noon?โ€™
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'์ •์˜ค์— ๋ฐฅ์„ ๋จน๋‚˜์š”?' ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:31
Great job guys.
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์ •๋ง ์ž˜ํ–ˆ์–ด์š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„.
23:32
You're done with the practice.
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์—ฐ์Šต์ด ๋๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:33
Thank you for your hard work.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ๋…ธ๊ณ ์— ๊ฐ์‚ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:35
Let's move on.
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๊ณ„์† ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
23:36
Good job guys.
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์ž˜ํ–ˆ์–ด์š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„.
23:38
You put in a lot of practice today.
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์˜ค๋Š˜ ์—ฐ์Šต์„ ๋งŽ์ด ํ–ˆ๋„ค์š”.
23:40
The present simple tense is not easy, and I'm really happy to see how hard you guys
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ํ˜„์žฌ ๋‹จ์ˆœ์‹œ์ œ๋Š” ์‰ฝ์ง€ ์•Š์€๋ฐ, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งˆ์Šคํ„ฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์—ด์‹ฌํžˆ ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์ •๋ง ๊ธฐ์ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
23:45
worked on mastering it.
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.
23:47
Be sure to check out my other videos and thank you for watching this video.
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์ œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜์ƒ๋„ ๊ผญ ํ™•์ธํ•ด์ฃผ์‹œ๊ณ  ์ด๋ฒˆ ์˜์ƒ๋„ ์‹œ์ฒญํ•ด์ฃผ์…”์„œ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:51
I'll see you next time.
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๋‹ค์Œ์— ๋ต™๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:53
Bye.
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์•ˆ๋…•.
23:55
Hi, everybody.
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์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„.
23:58
I'm Esther.
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์ €๋Š” ์—์Šค๋”์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:01
I'm so excited to be teaching you the present continuous tense in this video.
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์ด๋ฒˆ ์˜์ƒ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์—๊ฒŒ ํ˜„์žฌ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์ณ์ฃผ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์–ด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๊ธฐ์ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:09
This tense is used to describe: an action that's happening right now,
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์ด ์‹œ์ œ๋Š” ์ง€๊ธˆ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋™์ž‘,
24:13
a longer action in progress , and something happening in the near future.
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์ง„ํ–‰ ์ค‘์ธ ๋” ๊ธด ๋™์ž‘, ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚  ์ผ์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:18
There's a lot to learn, but don't worry I'll guide you through it.
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๋ฐฐ์šธ ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋งŽ์ง€๋งŒ, ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•ˆ๋‚ดํ•ด ๋“œ๋ฆดํ…Œ๋‹ˆ ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”.
24:22
Let's get started.
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์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์ž.
24:24
The present continuous tense is used to talk about actions that are happening right now.
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์€ ํ˜„์žฌ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ํ–‰๋™์„ ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:32
For example,
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด,
24:33
โ€˜I'm teaching Englishโ€™ and โ€˜You are studying English.โ€™
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'๋‚˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”', '๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.'
24:37
Let's take a look at some more examples.
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๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋” ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:40
The first sentence says, โ€˜He is watching a movieโ€™.
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ '๊ทธ๋Š” ์˜ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:44
We start with the subject and a โ€˜beโ€™ verb.
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์ฃผ์–ด์™€ 'be' ๋™์‚ฌ๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:48
In this case, the subject is โ€˜heโ€™.
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์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ฃผ์–ด๋Š” 'he'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:51
For โ€˜heโ€™ / โ€˜sheโ€™ and โ€˜itโ€™, we use the โ€˜beโ€™ verb โ€˜isโ€™.
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'he' / 'she'์™€ 'it'์—๋Š” 'be' ๋™์‚ฌ 'is'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:56
Then you'll notice I added an โ€˜-ingโ€™ to the end of the verb โ€˜watchโ€™.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋™์‚ฌ 'watch' ๋์— '-ing'์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:01
โ€˜He is watching a movie.โ€™
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'๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ์˜ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.'
25:03
The next sentence says, โ€˜Tim is playing a computer game.โ€™
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ 'Tim์ด ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ๊ฒŒ์ž„์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:09
He's doing that right now.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์ง€๊ธˆ ๊ทธ ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:11
Tim is a โ€˜heโ€™, therefore, again we use the โ€˜beโ€™ verb โ€˜isโ€™.
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Tim์€ '๊ทธ'์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋‹ค์‹œ 'be' ๋™์‚ฌ 'is'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:18
And again you'll notice I added โ€˜-ingโ€™ to the end of the verb.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹ค์‹œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋™์‚ฌ ๋์— '-ing'๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:23
The next sentence says,
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€
25:25
โ€˜The machine is making a noise.โ€™
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'๊ธฐ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์†Œ์Œ์„ ๋‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:29
Now pay attention to the subject, โ€˜the machineโ€™.
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์ด์ œ '๊ธฐ๊ณ„'๋ผ๋Š” ์ฃผ์ œ์— ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
25:33
What is the proper pronoun?
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์ ์ ˆํ•œ ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
25:35
The answer is โ€˜itโ€™, therefore we use the โ€˜beโ€™ verb โ€˜isโ€™.
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๋Œ€๋‹ต์€ 'it'์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ 'be' ๋™์‚ฌ 'is'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:40
โ€˜The machine is making a noise.โ€™
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'๊ธฐ๊ณ„์—์„œ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์š”.'
25:44
We can also say, โ€˜It is making a noiseโ€™.
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'์†Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‚œ๋‹ค'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:47
Or the contraction, โ€˜It's making a noiseโ€™.
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ํ˜น์€ ์ค„์—ฌ์„œ '์†Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‚œ๋‹ค'.
25:51
And finally, โ€˜Tom and Ben are speaking Englishโ€™.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ 'ํ†ฐ๊ณผ ๋ฒค์ด ์˜์–ด๋กœ ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.'
25:55
In this case, you'll notice that we use the โ€˜beโ€™ verb โ€˜areโ€™.
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์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” 'be' ๋™์‚ฌ 'are'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:59
Can you figure out why?
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์ด์œ ๋ฅผ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
26:02
That's because Tom and Ben - the subject pronoun for these two is โ€˜theyโ€™.
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด Tom๊ณผ Ben - ์ด ๋‘˜์˜ ์ฃผ์–ด ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ๋Š” '๊ทธ๋“ค'์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:07
โ€˜They are speaking English.โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์˜์–ด๋กœ ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.'
26:11
Let's move on to the next usage.
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๋‹ค์Œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐ€๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:14
The present continuous tense is also used to describe a longer action in progress.
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์€ ์ง„ํ–‰ ์ค‘์ธ ๋” ๊ธด ๋™์ž‘์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ์—๋„ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:20
Even though you might not be doing the action right now.
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๋น„๋ก ์ง€๊ธˆ ๋‹น์žฅ์€ ๊ทธ ํ–‰๋™์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:24
Let's take a look at some examples.
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๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:27
The first sentence says,
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€
26:28
โ€˜I'm reading an interesting book these days.โ€™
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'์š”์ฆ˜ ์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ๋Š” ์ฑ…์„ ์ฝ๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:32
In this case, the subject is โ€˜Iโ€™, so the โ€˜beโ€™ verb is โ€˜amโ€™.
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์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ฃผ์–ด๋Š” 'I'์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ 'be' ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” 'am'์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:37
In this example, we use the contraction โ€˜I'mโ€™ by putting โ€˜Iโ€™ and โ€˜amโ€™ together.
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์ด ์˜ˆ์—์„œ๋Š” 'I'์™€ 'am'์„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ถ•์•ฝํ˜• 'I'm'์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:43
Again, you'll notice there's an โ€˜-ingโ€™ after the verb.
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๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ง€๋งŒ, ๋™์‚ฌ ๋’ค์— '-ing'๊ฐ€ ๋ถ™๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:47
The next sentence says,
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€
26:49
โ€˜You are studying to become an English teacher.โ€™
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'๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์˜์–ด ๊ต์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:53
The subject here is โ€˜youโ€™,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ฃผ์–ด๋Š” 'you'
26:56
therefore the โ€˜beโ€™ verb is โ€˜areโ€™.
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์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ 'be' ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” 'are'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:58
Next, โ€˜Steven is preparing for the IELTS exam.โ€™
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๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ '์Šคํ‹ฐ๋ธ์€ IELTS ์‹œํ—˜์„ ์ค€๋น„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
27:04
The subject here is โ€˜Stevenโ€™ which is a โ€˜heโ€™,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ฃผ์–ด๋Š” 'He'์ธ 'Steven'
27:09
therefore we use the โ€˜beโ€™ verb โ€˜isโ€™.
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์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ 'be' ๋™์‚ฌ 'is'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:12
And finally, โ€˜John and June are working at a company.โ€™
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ 'John๊ณผ June์€ ํšŒ์‚ฌ์—์„œ ์ผํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
27:17
If you look at the subject โ€˜John and Juneโ€™, the pronoun for that is โ€˜theyโ€™.
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'John and June'์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ฃผ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ฉด ๊ทธ ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ๋Š” '๊ทธ๋“ค'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:23
That's why we use the โ€˜beโ€™ verb โ€˜areโ€™.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” 'be' ๋™์‚ฌ 'are'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:25
โ€˜They are working at a company.โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ํšŒ์‚ฌ์—์„œ ์ผํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.'
27:29
Let's move on to the next usage.
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๋‹ค์Œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐ€๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:31
The present continuous is also used to talk about near future plans.
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์€ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ๊ณ„ํš์„ ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ๋„ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:36
Let's take a look.
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ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ๋ณด์ž.
27:37
โ€˜She is meeting some friends tonight.โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์˜ค๋Š˜ ๋ฐค์— ์นœ๊ตฌ๋“ค์„ ๋งŒ๋‚  ์˜ˆ์ •์ด์—์š”.'
27:41
That's going to happen in the near future.
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๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:44
You'll notice that we have 'she', so the โ€˜beโ€™ verb is โ€˜isโ€™.
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'she'๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ 'be' ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” 'is'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:48
And then we added an โ€˜-ingโ€™ to the end of the verb โ€˜meetโ€™.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  'meet'์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ ๋์— '-ing'์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:53
The next example says, โ€˜We are going on vacation in July.โ€™
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๋‹ค์Œ ์˜ˆ๋Š” '์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” 7์›”์— ํœด๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๊ฐˆ ์˜ˆ์ •์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:58
The subject here is โ€˜weโ€™, therefore we use the โ€˜beโ€™ verb โ€˜areโ€™.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ฃผ์–ด๋Š” 'we'์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ 'be' ๋™์‚ฌ 'are'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
28:03
We can also use a contraction and say, โ€˜We're going on vacation in July.โ€™
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๋˜ํ•œ ๋‹จ์ถ•ํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ 'We're Going to vacation in July'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
28:08
Again, another near future plan.
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๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ๊ณ„ํš์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
28:11
The next example says,
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๋‹ค์Œ ์˜ˆ๋Š”
28:14
โ€˜David is learning to drive tomorrow.โ€™
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'David๋Š” ๋‚ด์ผ ์šด์ „์„ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
28:16
โ€˜tomorrowโ€™ is the near future.
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'๋‚ด์ผ'์€ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
28:19
โ€˜Davidโ€™ is the subject.
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'๋‹ค์œ—'์ด ์ฃผ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
28:21
โ€˜Davidโ€™ is a โ€˜heโ€™, so we use โ€˜isโ€™.
461
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'David'๋Š” 'he'์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ 'is'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
28:26
And lastly, โ€˜Vicki and I are teaching English next week.โ€™
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ '๋น„ํ‚ค์™€ ์ €๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ ์ฃผ์— ์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น  ์˜ˆ์ •์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
28:30
โ€˜Vicky and Iโ€™โ€ฆ
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'๋น„ํ‚ค์™€ ๋‚˜'... ์ฃผ์–ด๋ฅผ
28:32
If we think about the subject pronoun is โ€˜weโ€™.
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์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด๋ฉด ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ๋Š” '์šฐ๋ฆฌ'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
28:36
That's why we used โ€˜areโ€™.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ '์ด๋‹ค'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
28:38
โ€˜We are teaching.โ€™
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'์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.'
28:41
Let's move on.
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๊ณ„์† ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
28:43
Now let's talk about the negative form of the present continuous tense.
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์ด์ œ ํ˜„์žฌ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์˜ ๋ถ€์ •ํ˜•์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
28:47
I have some examples here.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
28:49
These two examples are for actions that are happening right now, or longer actions.
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์ด ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ๋Š” ์ง€๊ธˆ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ž‘์—…์ด๋‚˜ ๋” ๊ธด ์ž‘์—…์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
28:57
These last two are for near future plans.
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์ด ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ๋‘ ๊ฐœ๋Š” ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ๊ณ„ํš์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
29:00
Let's take a look.
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ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ๋ณด์ž.
29:02
The first sentence says, โ€˜I am not having fun.โ€™
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ '๋‚˜๋Š” ์žฌ๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ์—†์–ด'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
29:06
Now that's not true for me because I am having fun,
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์žฌ๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๋Š๋ผ๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
29:09
but in this example I am not having fun.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ด ์˜ˆ์—์„œ๋Š” ์žฌ๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
29:13
You'll notice that the word โ€˜notโ€™ goes between the โ€˜beโ€™ verb and the โ€˜verb
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'be' ๋™์‚ฌ์™€ '๋™์‚ฌ -ing' ์‚ฌ์ด์— 'not'์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
29:19
-ingโ€™.
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.
29:20
In the second example it says, โ€˜Jane isn't doing her homework.โ€™
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๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์˜ˆ์—์„œ๋Š” '์ œ์ธ์ด ์ˆ™์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'๋ผ๊ณ  ์ ํ˜€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
29:24
Here we use the contraction โ€˜isn'tโ€™ for โ€˜is notโ€™,
479
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋Š” 'is not'์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ถ•์•ฝํ˜• 'is't'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ
29:29
so just like the first sentence, we put โ€˜notโ€™ between โ€˜isโ€™ and โ€˜verb -ingโ€™.
480
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ๊ณผ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ 'is'์™€ '๋™์‚ฌ -ing' ์‚ฌ์ด์— 'not'์„ ๋„ฃ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
29:35
The next sentence says, โ€˜You're not seeing him tonight.โ€™
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ '์˜ค๋Š˜ ๋ฐค์—๋Š” ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
29:40
Here we have a contraction for โ€˜you areโ€™.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋Š” 'you are'์˜ ์ถ•์•ฝํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
29:44
โ€˜You're not seeing him tonight.โ€™
483
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'์˜ค๋Š˜ ๋ฐค์—๋Š” ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
29:47
And finally, โ€˜We are not running tomorrow morning.โ€™
484
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ '์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‚ด์ผ ์•„์นจ์—๋Š” ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
29:51
Here we have the subject โ€˜weโ€™, therefore, we use the โ€˜beโ€™ verb โ€˜areโ€™.
485
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋Š” ์ฃผ์–ด 'we'๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ 'be' ๋™์‚ฌ 'are'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
29:56
Donโ€™t forget to add a โ€˜notโ€™ after that to make it negative.
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๋ถ€์ •๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค๋ ค๋ฉด ๊ทธ ๋’ค์— 'not'์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์žŠ์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”.
30:01
Let's move on.
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๊ณ„์† ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
30:02
Now let's talk about how to form โ€˜beโ€™ verb questions in the present continuous tense.
488
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์ด์ œ ํ˜„์žฌ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์—์„œ 'be' ๋™์‚ฌ ์˜๋ฌธ๋ฌธ์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
30:08
The first example here says,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์˜ˆ๋Š”
30:10
โ€˜Is he waiting for you?โ€™
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'๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋‹น์‹ ์„ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?' ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
30:12
or โ€˜Is he waiting for you?โ€™
491
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๋˜๋Š” '๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋‹น์‹ ์„ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?'
30:14
We start with the โ€˜beโ€™ verb.
492
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'be' ๋™์‚ฌ๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
30:17
Take a look at the subject though.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜๋„ ์ฃผ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
30:19
The subject is โ€˜heโ€™ and that's why we start with the โ€˜beโ€™ verb โ€˜isโ€™.
494
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์ฃผ์–ด๋Š” 'he'์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ 'be' ๋™์‚ฌ 'is'๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
30:23
โ€˜Is he waiting for you?โ€™
495
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'๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋‹น์‹ ์„ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?'
30:26
You can answer, โ€˜Yes, he is.โ€™
496
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'์˜ˆ, ๊ทธ๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
30:28
or โ€˜No he isn't.โ€™
497
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๋˜๋Š” '์•„๋‹ˆ์š”.'
30:30
The second sentence says,
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๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€
30:32
โ€˜Are you coming to class?โ€™
499
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'์ˆ˜์—…์— ์˜ค์‹œ๋‚˜์š”?' ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
30:35
The subject here is โ€˜youโ€™ and that's why we start with โ€˜areโ€™.
500
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ฃผ์–ด๋Š” 'you'์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ 'are'๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
30:39
โ€˜Are you coming to class?โ€™
501
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'์ˆ˜์—…์— ์˜ค์‹œ๋‚˜์š”?'
30:41
You can answer, โ€˜Yes I am.โ€™ or โ€˜No, I'm not.โ€™
502
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'์˜ˆ, ๊ทธ๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜๋Š” '์•„๋‹ˆ์š”, ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
30:47
The next question says, โ€˜Is he preparing to study in Canada?โ€™
503
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๋‹ค์Œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ '๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค ์œ ํ•™์„ ์ค€๋น„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
30:51
The subject is โ€˜heโ€™, and so we start with โ€˜isโ€™.
504
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์ฃผ์–ด๋Š” 'he'์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ 'is'๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
30:55
The answer can be, โ€˜Yes, he is.โ€™
505
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๋Œ€๋‹ต์€ '์˜ˆ, ๊ทธ๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
30:58
or it can also be โ€˜No, he isn't.โ€™
506
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๋˜๋Š” '์•„๋‹ˆ์š”, ๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
31:02
Finally the last question says, โ€˜Are they going out tonight?โ€™
507
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ '๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์˜ค๋Š˜ ๋ฐค์— ๋‚˜๊ฐˆ ์˜ˆ์ •์ธ๊ฐ€์š”?'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
31:07
The subject here is โ€˜theyโ€™, and so we start with โ€˜areโ€™.
508
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ฃผ์–ด๋Š” 'they'์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ 'are'๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
31:12
The answer can be โ€˜Yes, they are.โ€™
509
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๋Œ€๋‹ต์€ '์˜ˆ, ๊ทธ๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
31:15
or โ€˜No, they aren't.โ€™
510
1875529
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๋˜๋Š” '์•„๋‹ˆ์š”, ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
31:18
Let's move on.
511
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๊ณ„์† ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
31:19
Now let's talk about the WH question form for the present continuous tense.
512
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์ด์ œ ํ˜„์žฌ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ WH ์งˆ๋ฌธ ํ˜•์‹์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
31:24
I have some examples here
513
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
31:27
and you'll notice that we start with the WH questions:
514
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WH ์งˆ๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
31:30
what, where, when, who, why, and how.
515
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๋ฌด์—‡์„, ์–ด๋””์„œ, ์–ธ์ œ, ๋ˆ„๊ฐ€, ์™œ, ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ.
31:36
What comes after?
516
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๊ทธ ๋’ค์— ๋ฌด์—‡์ด ๋‚˜์˜ค๋‚˜์š”?
31:38
You'll notice it's the โ€˜beโ€™ verbs: โ€˜areโ€™, โ€˜isโ€™, and if the subject is โ€˜Iโ€™, โ€˜amโ€™.
517
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'be' ๋™์‚ฌ์ธ 'are', 'is', ์ฃผ์–ด๊ฐ€ 'I'์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ 'am'์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
31:45
So after that you have the subject and then the verb -ing.
518
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๊ทธ ๋’ค์—๋Š” ์ฃผ์–ด์™€ ๋™์‚ฌ -ing๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
31:51
Let's take a look at the first sentence.
519
1911779
1850
์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
31:53
โ€˜What are you doing?โ€™
520
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1721
'๋ญํ•˜์„ธ์š”?'
31:55
I'm asking about right now.
521
1915350
2840
์ง€๊ธˆ ๋‹น์žฅ ๋ฌผ์–ด๋ณด๋Š” ์ค‘์ด์—์š”.
31:58
For example, โ€˜I'm teaching English.โ€™
522
1918190
2750
์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, '๋‚˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.'
32:00
โ€˜Where are you going?โ€™
523
1920940
2209
'์–ด๋”” ๊ฐ€์„ธ์š”?'
32:03
โ€˜I'm going to the store.โ€™
524
1923149
2100
'๋‚˜๋Š” ๋งค์žฅ์—๊ฐ€๋Š” ์ค‘์ด ์•ผ.'
32:05
โ€˜When is it starting?โ€™
525
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'์–ธ์ œ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด์š”?'
32:08
โ€˜It's starting at 3.โ€™
526
1928690
1660
'3์‹œ์— ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด์š”.'
32:10
I can be talking about a movie a show anything can be โ€˜itโ€™.
527
1930350
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์‡ผ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด๋“  '๊ทธ๊ฒƒ'์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์˜ํ™”์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
32:15
โ€˜Who is she talking to?โ€™
528
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'๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์™€ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?'
32:18
โ€˜She's talking to Bob.โ€™
529
1938500
1830
'๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋ฐฅ๊ณผ ์–˜๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.'
32:20
โ€˜Why is she crying?โ€™
530
1940330
3059
'๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์™œ ์šธ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?'
32:23
โ€˜She's crying because she's sad.โ€™
531
1943389
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'๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ์Šฌํผ์„œ ์šฐ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์•ผ.'
32:25
And finally, โ€˜How is it going?โ€™
532
1945909
3510
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ '์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ง€๋‚ด?'
32:29
โ€˜It's going well.โ€™
533
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'์ž˜๋˜๊ณ ์žˆ๋‹ค.'
32:32
For this checkup of the present continuous tense,
534
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ํ˜„์žฌ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ ๊ฒ€์„ ์œ„ํ•ด,
32:35
we'll look at how this tense can be used to describe an action that's happening right
535
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ์‹œ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๊ธˆ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ํ–‰๋™์„ ๋ฌ˜์‚ฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
32:40
now.
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.
32:41
Let's take a look at the first sentence.
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
32:43
โ€˜You -blank- learning English.โ€™
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'๋‹น์‹ ์€ -๊ณต๋ฐฑ- ์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
32:46
Remember for this tense, we start with the subject and the โ€˜beโ€™ verb
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์ด ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ์ฃผ์–ด์™€ 'be' ๋™์‚ฌ๋กœ
32:51
and then the verb โ€˜-ingโ€™.
540
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์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋™์‚ฌ '-ing'์œผ๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
32:54
We already have the verb โ€˜-ingโ€™ here, so we need the โ€˜beโ€™ verb.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ '-ing' ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ 'be' ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
32:59
The subject in the first sentence is โ€˜youโ€™.
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ์ฃผ์–ด๋Š” 'you'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
33:03
For โ€˜youโ€™, โ€˜weโ€™, and โ€˜theyโ€™, we use the โ€˜beโ€™ verb - โ€˜areโ€™,
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'๋„ˆ', '์šฐ๋ฆฌ', '๊ทธ๋“ค'์—๋Š” 'be' ๋™์‚ฌ 'are'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ
33:07
so the correct answer is,
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์ •๋‹ต์€
33:09
โ€˜You are learning Englishโ€™ right now.
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'๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ง€๊ธˆ ์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
33:13
The next sentence says,
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€
33:15
โ€˜She _blank_ not watching TV.โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” _๊ณต๋ฐฑ_ TV๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ฒญํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
33:19
This is the negative form of the present continuous tense.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ํ˜„์žฌ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์˜ ๋ถ€์ •ํ˜•์ด๋‹ค.
33:23
We have the word โ€˜notโ€™ before the verb โ€˜-ingโ€™,
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๋™์‚ฌ '-ing' ์•ž์— 'not'์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
33:28
However, we're missing the โ€˜beโ€™ verb again.
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'be' ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋˜ ๋น ์กŒ๋„ค์š”.
33:31
What is the be verb to use if the subject is โ€˜sheโ€™?
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์ฃผ์–ด๊ฐ€ 'she'์ผ ๋•Œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  be ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€์š”?
33:35
the correct answer is โ€˜isโ€™.
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์ •๋‹ต์€ '์ด๋‹ค'์ด๋‹ค.
33:38
โ€˜She is not watching TV.โ€™
553
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'๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” TV๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
33:41
This one says, โ€˜I _blank_ studying now.โ€™
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์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ '๋‚˜๋Š” ์ง€๊ธˆ ๊ณต๋ถ€ ์ค‘์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
33:47
The subject here is โ€˜Iโ€™.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ์˜ ์ฃผ์–ด๋Š” '๋‚˜'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
33:50
Again think of the โ€˜beโ€™ verb that goes before the subject โ€˜Iโ€™.
556
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๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ์ฃผ์–ด 'I' ์•ž์— ์˜ค๋Š” 'be' ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
33:55
The โ€˜beโ€™ verb is โ€˜amโ€™.
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'be' ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” 'am'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
33:57
โ€˜I am studying now.โ€™
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'๋‚˜๋Š” ์ง€๊ธˆ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.'
34:00
We can also use a contraction and say, โ€˜I'm studying nowโ€™
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๋˜ํ•œ ์ถ•์•ฝํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ '๋‚˜๋Š” ์ง€๊ธˆ ๊ณต๋ถ€ ์ค‘์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
34:06
If we wanted to turn this into the negative form,
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. ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด
34:09
we can also say, โ€˜I'm not studying now.โ€™
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'๋‚˜๋Š” ์ง€๊ธˆ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
34:13
Now, take a look at the next sentence and find the mistake.
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์ด์ œ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๋ณด๊ณ  ํ‹€๋ฆฐ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ์ฐพ์•„๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
34:18
โ€˜Layla is watch a movie.โ€™
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'๋ ˆ์ผ๋ผ๋Š” ์˜ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.'
34:22
Here we have the subject and the subject pronoun for Layla would be โ€˜sheโ€™.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์ฃผ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ  Layla์˜ ์ฃผ์–ด ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ๋Š” 'she'๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
34:27
We have the correct โ€˜beโ€™ verb - โ€˜isโ€™,
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์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ 'be' ๋™์‚ฌ์ธ 'is'๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
34:31
However, you'll notice we forgot the โ€˜-ingโ€™ at the end of the verb.
566
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋™์‚ฌ ๋์— '-ing'์„ ์žŠ์–ด๋ฒ„๋ ธ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
34:37
We need to say, โ€˜watchingโ€™.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” '๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค'๊ณ  ๋งํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
34:40
โ€˜Layla is watching a movie.โ€™
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'๋ ˆ์ผ๋ผ๋Š” ์˜ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.'
34:44
The next sentence says,
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€
34:46
โ€˜They playing soccer now.โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ง€๊ธˆ ์ถ•๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
34:48
What's missing?
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๋ฌด์—‡์ด ๋น ์กŒ๋‚˜์š”?
34:50
If you got it the correct answer is we need the โ€˜beโ€™ verb โ€“ โ€˜areโ€™
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์ •๋‹ต์€ 'be' ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
34:56
because the subject is โ€˜theyโ€™.
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์ฃผ์–ด๊ฐ€ 'they'์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— 'are'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
34:58
โ€˜They are playing soccer now.โ€™
574
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'๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ง€๊ธˆ ์ถ•๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.'
35:01
And finally, โ€˜What do you do?โ€™
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ '๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•˜์‹œ๋‚˜์š”?'
35:05
If you want to ask somebody what they're doing right now,
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๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€์—๊ฒŒ ์ง€๊ธˆ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ฌป๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด
35:09
you say, 'whatโ€™... and the โ€˜beโ€™ verb โ€“ โ€˜are...
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'๋ฌด์—‡'... ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  'be' ๋™์‚ฌ โ€“ 'are...
35:16
you..
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you..doing
35:18
doing?โ€™
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?' ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
35:20
โ€˜What are you doing?โ€™
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'๋ญํ•˜์„ธ์š”?'
35:24
Let's move on to the next practice.
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๋‹ค์Œ ์—ฐ์Šต์œผ๋กœ ๋„˜์–ด ๊ฐ‘์‹œ๋‹ค.
35:26
For this checkup we'll talk about the present continuous tense
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์ด๋ฒˆ ์ ๊ฒ€์—์„œ๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜• ์‹œ์ œ
35:30
and how it can be used to describe an action that started in the past and continues today.
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์™€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด์„œ ํ˜„์žฌ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ง€์†๋˜๋Š” ํ–‰๋™์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์ด ์‹œ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
35:36
It's a longer action.
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. ๋” ๊ธด ์ž‘์—…์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
35:38
Let's take a look at the first sentence.
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
35:40
โ€˜He _blank_ studying economics.โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋Š” _blank_ ๊ฒฝ์ œํ•™์„ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.'
35:44
Remember for this tense, we take the subject, a โ€˜beโ€™ verb, and then verb โ€˜-ingโ€™.
587
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์ด ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ์ฃผ์–ด, 'be' ๋™์‚ฌ, โ€‹โ€‹๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋™์‚ฌ '-ing'์„ ์ทจํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
35:51
Here we already have the verb โ€˜-ingโ€™, โ€˜studyingโ€™.
588
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ ๋™์‚ฌ '-ing', 'studying'์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
35:55
So what are we missing?
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ๋†“์น˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
35:56
The โ€˜beโ€™ verb.
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'be' ๋™์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
35:58
The correct โ€˜beโ€™ verb for the subject โ€˜heโ€™ is โ€˜isโ€™.
591
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์ฃผ์–ด 'he'์˜ ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ 'be' ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” 'is'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
36:01
So, โ€˜He is studying economics.โ€™
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ '๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์ œํ•™์„ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
36:06
The next sentence says, โ€˜They're _blank_ for the fight.โ€™
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ '๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์‹ธ์›€์„ ํ•  _๊ณต๋ฐฑ_'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
36:11
The verb we want to use is โ€˜trainโ€™.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” 'train'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
36:14
Now we already have the 'be' verb here.
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์ด์ œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ 'be' ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
36:17
It's in the contraction โ€˜thereโ€™ because it's โ€˜they areโ€™.
596
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'๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค'์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— '๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ'๋ผ๋Š” ์ถ•์•ฝํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
36:22
All we have to do now is add โ€˜-ingโ€™ to the verb.
597
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์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ผ์€ ๋™์‚ฌ์— '-ing'๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
36:27
โ€˜They're training for the fight these days.โ€™
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'์š”์ฆ˜ ์ „ํˆฌ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ตฌ๋‚˜.'
36:32
And โ€˜We _blank_ teaching at the school.โ€™
599
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  '์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ•™๊ต์—์„œ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.'
36:37
Again we're missing the โ€˜beโ€™ verb.
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์ด๋ฒˆ์—๋„ 'be' ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋น ์กŒ๋„ค์š”.
36:40
What is the โ€˜beโ€™ verb for โ€˜weโ€™?
601
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'์šฐ๋ฆฌ'์˜ 'be' ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€์š”?
36:42
The correct answer is โ€˜areโ€™.
602
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์ •๋‹ต์€ '์ด๋‹ค'์ด๋‹ค.
36:45
โ€˜We are teaching at the school.โ€™
603
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'์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ•™๊ต์—์„œ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.'
36:50
Now let's look for the mistakes in the next sentence.
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์ด์ œ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ ํ‹€๋ฆฐ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ์ฐพ์•„๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
36:54
โ€˜Ben is study to become a doctor.โ€™
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'๋ฒค์€ ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.'
36:59
Can you find the error?
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์˜ค๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
37:01
Well we have the subject and we have the proper โ€˜be verbโ€™.
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์Œ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ฃผ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ  ์ ์ ˆํ•œ 'be ๋™์‚ฌ'๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
37:06
What we're missing is the โ€˜-ingโ€™ at the end of โ€˜studyโ€™.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋†“์น˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ 'study' ๋์— ์žˆ๋Š” '-ing'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
37:12
The correct answer is, โ€˜Ben is studying to become a doctorโ€™.
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์ •๋‹ต์€ '๋ฒค์€ ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค'์ด๋‹ค.
37:18
Let's look at the next sentence.
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
37:19
โ€˜I don't reading that book.โ€™
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'๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ ์ฑ…์„ ์ฝ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
37:23
hmm
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ํ 
37:24
โ€˜I don't reading that book.โ€™
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'๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ ์ฑ…์„ ์ฝ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค.'
37:26
To form the negative in the present continuous, we don't use โ€˜doโ€™ or โ€˜doesโ€™
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ํ˜„์žฌ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ถ€์ •๋ฌธ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค ๋•Œ 'do'๋‚˜ 'does'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ 
37:33
We use the โ€˜beโ€™ verb.
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'be' ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
37:35
What is the be verb for โ€˜Iโ€™?
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'๋‚˜'์˜ be ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€์š”?
37:38
The correct answer is โ€˜amโ€™.
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์ •๋‹ต์€ '์•„' ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
37:40
โ€˜I am not reading that book.โ€™
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'๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ ์ฑ…์„ ์ฝ๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
37:46
There is no contraction for โ€˜am notโ€™.
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'am not'์—๋Š” ์ถ•์•ฝํ˜•์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
37:50
Finally, โ€˜They are to learn English.โ€™
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ '์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
37:54
We have the subject and we have the correct โ€˜beโ€™ verb,
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์ฃผ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ  ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ 'be' ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€
37:58
but remember we need verb โ€˜-ingโ€™.
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์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ '-ing' ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
38:01
Therefore, the correct answer is,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ •๋‹ต์€
38:04
โ€˜They are learning English.โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค'์ด๋‹ค.
38:09
Let's move on to the next checkup.
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๋‹ค์Œ ์ ๊ฒ€์œผ๋กœ ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐ€๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
38:12
For this checkup we'll take a look at how the present continuous tense
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์ด๋ฒˆ ์ ๊ฒ€์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ๊ณ„ํš์„ ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ
38:16
can be used to talk about future plans.
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ํ˜„์žฌ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š”์ง€ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
38:19
Let's take a look.
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. ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ๋ณด์ž.
38:21
The first sentence says, โ€˜They're play a game tonight.โ€™
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ '๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์˜ค๋Š˜ ๋ฐค์— ๊ฒŒ์ž„์„ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
38:25
The verb we want to use is โ€˜playโ€™.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” 'play'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
38:29
Remember we start with the subject and here we have it, โ€˜theyโ€™.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ฃผ์ œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์—ฌ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— '๊ทธ๋“ค'์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ฃผ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
38:33
Then we have the โ€˜beโ€™ verb.
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๊ทธ ๋‹ค์Œ์—๋Š” 'be' ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
38:35
In this case we used a contraction for โ€˜they are โ€“ โ€˜theyโ€™reโ€™.
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์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” '๊ทธ๋“ค์€ โ€“ '๊ทธ๋“ค์€''์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ถ•์•ฝํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
38:41
That's correct.
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๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
38:42
After that we have to add โ€˜-ingโ€™ to the end of the verb,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋™์‚ฌ ๋์— '-ing'์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ
38:47
so the correct answer is, โ€˜They're playing a game tonight.โ€™
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์ •๋‹ต์€ '๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์˜ค๋Š˜ ๋ฐค์— ๊ฒŒ์ž„์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
38:52
The next sentence says, 'We _blank_ not studying tomorrow.โ€™
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ '์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‚ด์ผ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜์ง€ _๊ณต๋ฐฑ_'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
38:59
Looks good but there's a word that's missing.
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๋ณด๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ์ข‹์€๋ฐ ํ•œ ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋น ์กŒ๋„ค์š”.
39:02
This is the negative form because we have โ€˜notโ€™.
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'not'์ด ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ถ€์ •ํ˜•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
39:05
We simply need the โ€˜beโ€™ verb for โ€˜weโ€™.
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'์šฐ๋ฆฌ'์—๋Š” 'be' ๋™์‚ฌ๋งŒ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
39:08
The correct โ€˜beโ€™ verb is โ€˜areโ€™.
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์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ 'be' ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” 'are'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
39:11
โ€˜We are not studying tomorrow.โ€™
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'์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‚ด์ผ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
39:15
The next sentence says, โ€˜Lynn is _blank_ out tonight.โ€™
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ 'Lynn์€ ์˜ค๋Š˜ ๋ฐค _blank_ ์™ธ์ถœ ์ค‘์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
39:20
and we want to use the verb โ€˜goโ€™.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ 'go'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
39:23
Remember 'Lynn' and then the โ€˜beโ€™ verb โ€“ โ€˜isโ€™.
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'Lynn'์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜๊ณ  'be' ๋™์‚ฌ์ธ 'is'๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
39:27
That's correct.
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๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
39:28
All we have to do is add โ€˜-ingโ€™.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ผ์€ '-ing'์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
39:30
โ€˜Lynn is going out tonight.โ€™
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'๋ฆฐ์€ ์˜ค๋Š˜ ๋ฐค์— ์™ธ์ถœํ•  ๊ฑฐ์•ผ.' ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค๋ ค๋ฉด
39:36
To make this negative you can say,
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'Lynn์€ ์˜ค๋Š˜ ๋ฐค ์™ธ์ถœํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'๋ผ๊ณ 
39:39
โ€˜Lynn is not going out tonight.โ€™
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๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
39:41
or โ€˜Lynn isn't going out tonight.โ€™
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๋˜๋Š” '๋ฆฐ์€ ์˜ค๋Š˜ ๋ฐค์— ์™ธ์ถœํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
39:43
The next sentence says, โ€˜Laura isn't study this evening.โ€™
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ '๋กœ๋ผ๋Š” ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ €๋…์— ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
39:50
Can you find the mistake?
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์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
39:53
Remember we have to add โ€˜-ingโ€™ to the end of the verb,
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๋™์‚ฌ ๋์— '-ing'์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ
39:58
so we need to say,
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'Laura๋Š” ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ €๋…์— ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'๋ผ๊ณ 
40:00
โ€˜Laura isn't studying this evening.โ€™
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๋งํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
40:06
The next sentence says,
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€
40:07
โ€˜My sons will playing chess later.โ€™
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'๋‚˜์˜ ์•„๋“ค๋“ค์€ ๋‚˜์ค‘์— ์ฒด์Šค๋ฅผ ๋‘˜ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
40:11
We are talking about a future plan,
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์•ž์œผ๋กœ์˜ ๊ณ„ํš์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ
40:14
so you might be tempted to use โ€˜wellโ€™ or โ€˜willโ€™, I'm sorry.
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'์ž˜'์ด๋‚˜ '์˜์ง€'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ฒ ๋„ค์š”. ์ฃ„์†กํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
40:19
However, instead of saying โ€˜willโ€™, we use the โ€˜beโ€™ verb.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ 'will'์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€์‹  'be' ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
40:23
โ€˜My sons are playing chess later.โ€™
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'๋‚ด ์•„๋“ค๋“ค์€ ๋‚˜์ค‘์— ์ฒด์Šค๋ฅผ ๋‘˜ ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.'
40:29
And finally, โ€˜She's not to eating dinner tonight.โ€™
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ '๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ €๋…์„ ๋จน์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
40:33
There's an extra word in here that we don't need.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ํ•„์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
40:37
What is it?
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
40:39
It's โ€˜toโ€™.
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'์—'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
40:40
Remember, subject - โ€˜beโ€™ verb, not verb โ€˜-ingโ€™.
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๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”, ์ฃผ์–ด๋Š” '-ing' ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ 'be' ๋™์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
40:46
We do not need โ€˜toโ€™ in this sentence.
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์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ๋Š” 'to'๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
40:49
All right well that's the end of this checkup.
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์ž, ์ด์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฒˆ ์ ๊ฒ€์€ ๋๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
40:53
Let's move on.
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๊ณ„์† ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
40:54
Good job, everyone.
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๋ชจ๋‘๋“ค ์ž˜ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
40:55
You just completed the lesson on the present continuous tense.
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๋ฐฉ๊ธˆ ํ˜„์žฌ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋งˆ์ณค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
40:59
This tense is not easy but you did a great job.
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์ด ์‹œ์ œ๋Š” ์‰ฝ์ง€ ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ์ผ์„ ํ•ด๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
41:02
And keep watching to learn more.
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์ž์„ธํ•œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ๋ณด๋ ค๋ฉด ๊ณ„์† ์‹œ์ฒญํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
41:05
I know English can be difficult but with practice and effort you will improve.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋ ค์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฐ์Šต๊ณผ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์„ ํ•˜๋ฉด ์‹ค๋ ฅ์ด ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
41:09
I promise.
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์•ฝ์†ํ•ด์š”.
41:11
See you in the next video.
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๋‹ค์Œ ์˜์ƒ์—์„œ ๋งŒ๋‚˜์š”.
41:15
Hi, everyone.
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์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„.
41:22
I'm Esther.
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์ €๋Š” ์—์Šค๋”์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
41:23
In this video, I'm going to introduce the present perfect tense.
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์ด๋ฒˆ ์˜์ƒ์—์„œ๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ์™„๋ฃŒ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
41:28
This tense can be used to talk about an action that happened in the past,
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์ด ์‹œ์ œ๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ๋˜ ํ–‰๋™์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜
41:32
but when it happened is not very important or itโ€™s unknown.
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์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์–ธ์ œ ์ผ์–ด ๋‚ฌ๋Š”์ง€๋Š” ๊ทธ๋‹ค์ง€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
41:37
It can also be used to talk about an action that started in the past and continues in
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๋˜ํ•œ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜์–ด ํ˜„์žฌ ์—๋„ ๊ณ„์†๋˜๋Š” ํ–‰๋™์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ๋„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
41:43
the present.
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.
41:45
We really want to emphasize how long that action has been happening.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ ์กฐ์น˜๊ฐ€ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜์–ด ์™”๋Š”์ง€ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
41:50
And finally, we use this tense to talk about a recent action.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ, ์ตœ๊ทผ์˜ ํ–‰๋™์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ ์ด ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
41:55
There's a lot to learn and a lot of important information, so keep watching.
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๋ฐฐ์šธ ๊ฒƒ๋„ ๋งŽ๊ณ  ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด๋„ ๋งŽ์œผ๋‹ˆ ๊ณ„์† ์‹œ์ฒญํ•ด ์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
42:03
Let's talk about one usage of the present perfect tense.
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ํ˜„์žฌ์™„๋ฃŒ ์‹œ์ œ์˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
42:07
This tense can be used to talk about an action that happened in the past.
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์ด ์‹œ์ œ๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ๋˜ ํ–‰๋™์„ ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
42:11
But when it happened is not important or not known.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์–ธ์ œ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ๋Š”์ง€๋Š” ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜์ง€๋„ ์•Š๊ณ  ์•Œ๋ ค์ง€์ง€๋„ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
42:17
However, this action is important to the conversation right now.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด ์กฐ์น˜๋Š” ์ง€๊ธˆ ๋‹น์žฅ์˜ ๋Œ€ํ™”์— ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
42:22
Let's take a look at some examples.
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๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
42:25
The first one says, โ€˜I have been to Canada.โ€™
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ '์ €๋Š” ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค์— ๊ฐ€๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์žˆ์–ด์š”.'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
42:29
What we do here is we start with the subject, โ€˜Iโ€™.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์€ '๋‚˜'๋ผ๋Š” ์ฃผ์ œ๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
42:33
For โ€˜Iโ€™, โ€˜youโ€™, โ€˜weโ€™, and โ€˜theyโ€™, we follow with โ€˜haveโ€™.
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'๋‚˜', '๋„ˆ', '์šฐ๋ฆฌ', '๊ทธ๋“ค'์—๋Š” 'have'๊ฐ€ ๋”ฐ๋ผ์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
42:39
After that we use the past participle of the verb.
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๊ทธ ํ›„์—๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
42:42
In this case, the verb is โ€˜beโ€™.
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์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” 'be'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
42:45
And so the past participle is โ€˜beenโ€™.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๋Š” 'been'์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
42:47
โ€˜I have been to Canada.โ€™
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'์ €๋Š” ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค์— ๊ฐ€๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์žˆ์–ด์š”.'
42:51
The next sentence says, โ€˜My cousins have seen the movie.โ€™
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ '๋‚ด ์‚ฌ์ดŒ๋“ค์ด ์˜ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ดค์–ด'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
42:55
My cousins is a โ€˜theyโ€™.
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๋‚ด ์‚ฌ์ดŒ์€ '๊ทธ๋“ค'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
42:58
And so again, we follow with โ€˜haveโ€™.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹ค์‹œ 'have'๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
43:01
And the past participle of see is โ€˜seenโ€™.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  see์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๋Š” 'seen'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
43:05
โ€˜They have seen the movie.โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์˜ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค.'
43:08
Or โ€˜My cousins have seen the movie.โ€™
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๋˜๋Š” '๋‚ด ์‚ฌ์ดŒ๋“ค์ด ์˜ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
43:10
The next example says, โ€˜Chad has gone home.โ€™
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๋‹ค์Œ ์˜ˆ์—์„œ๋Š” 'Chad๊ฐ€ ์ง‘์— ๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
43:14
Chad is a โ€˜heโ€™.
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์ฑ„๋“œ๋Š” '๊ทธ'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
43:17
For โ€˜heโ€™, โ€˜sheโ€™, โ€˜itโ€™, we follow with โ€˜hasโ€™.
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'๊ทธ', '๊ทธ๋…€', '๊ทธ๊ฒƒ'์—๋Š” 'has'๊ฐ€ ๋”ฐ๋ผ์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
43:22
Then, the past participle โ€˜goneโ€™ is for the verb โ€˜goโ€™.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ถ„์‚ฌ 'gone'์€ ๋™์‚ฌ 'go'์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
43:27
โ€˜Chad has gone home.โ€™
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'์ฑ„๋“œ๊ฐ€ ์ง‘์— ๊ฐ”์–ด.'
43:30
And finally, โ€˜My phone has been fixed.โ€™
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ '๋‚ด ํœด๋Œ€ํฐ์ด ๊ณ ์ณ์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
43:34
My phone is an โ€˜itโ€™.
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๋‚ด ํœด๋Œ€ํฐ์€ '๊ทธ๊ฒƒ'์ด๋‹ค.
43:36
Therefore, I use โ€˜hasโ€™.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ '์žˆ๋‹ค'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
43:39
And then I need the past participle of โ€˜beโ€™ โ€“ โ€˜beenโ€™.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  'be' โ€“ 'been'์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
43:42
โ€˜My phone has been fixed.โ€™
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'๋‚ด ์ „ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๊ณ ์ณ์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
43:46
Let's move on to the next usage.
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๋‹ค์Œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐ€๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
43:48
The present perfect tense is also used to describe an action that started in the past
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ํ˜„์žฌ์™„๋ฃŒ ์‹œ์ œ๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜์–ด ํ˜„์žฌ์—๋„ ๊ณ„์†๋˜๋Š”
43:54
and continues in the present.
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๋™์ž‘์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ์—๋„ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
43:56
โ€˜forโ€™ and sinceโ€™ are common expressions used with the present perfect tense.
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. 'for'์™€ before'๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ์™„๋ฃŒ ์‹œ์ œ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ํ‘œํ˜„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
44:02
Let's take a look at these examples.
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
44:05
โ€˜I have worked there since 2002.โ€™
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'์ €๋Š” 2002๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ์ผํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
44:09
You'll notice we start with the subject.
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์ฃผ์ œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
44:11
If it's โ€˜Iโ€™, โ€˜youโ€™ or โ€˜weโ€™, we have โ€˜haveโ€™.
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'๋‚˜', '๋„ˆ', '์šฐ๋ฆฌ'๋ผ๋ฉด 'have'๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
44:16
Then the past participle of the verb.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ.
44:19
In this case - โ€˜workedโ€™.
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์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” '์ผํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค'.
44:21
What you'll notice here is that we also have โ€˜since 2002โ€™.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ '2002๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ'๋ผ๋Š” ํ•ญ๋ชฉ๋„ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
44:26
This shows when the action started, so with the expression โ€˜sinceโ€™, you need to use
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์ด๋Š” ํ–‰์œ„๊ฐ€ ์‹œ์ž‘๋œ ์‹œ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— '๋ถ€ํ„ฐ'๋ผ๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๋•Œ๋Š”
44:32
a specific point in time.
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ํŠน์ • ์‹œ์ ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
44:35
The next example does the same thing.
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๋‹ค์Œ ์˜ˆ์ œ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋™์ผํ•œ ์ž‘์—…์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
44:38
โ€˜You have had a car since last year.โ€™
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'๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ž‘๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
44:41
Again, we use โ€˜sinceโ€™, so we have a specific point in time - โ€˜last yearโ€™.
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๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, '๋ถ€ํ„ฐ'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ํŠน์ • ์‹œ์ ์ธ '์ž‘๋…„'์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
44:48
Take a look at the next example.
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๋‹ค์Œ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
44:50
โ€˜Anna has liked him for weeks.โ€™
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'์• ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ช‡ ์ฃผ ๋™์•ˆ ๊ทธ๋ฅผ ์ข‹์•„ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.'
44:53
In this case the subject is โ€˜Annaโ€™.
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์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ฃผ์–ด๋Š” 'Anna'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
44:56
Which is a โ€˜sheโ€™, and so we use โ€˜hasโ€™.
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์ด๋Š” 'she'์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ 'has'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
44:59
Then the past participle โ€˜likedโ€™.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๋Š” '์ข‹์•„์š”'์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
45:02
However, at the end of the sentence, we see โ€˜for weeksโ€™.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋ฌธ์žฅ ๋์—๋Š” 'for week'๊ฐ€ ํ‘œ์‹œ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
45:08
Not โ€˜since weeksโ€™.
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'๋ช‡ ์ฃผ ์ดํ›„'๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
45:10
When we use โ€˜forโ€™, we talk about the duration.
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'for'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๋•Œ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์„ ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
45:13
We explain how long this action has been true.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ํ–‰๋™์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ์ง€์†๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
45:18
And finally, โ€˜We have eaten lunch here for 3 months.โ€™
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ '์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ 3๊ฐœ์›” ๋™์•ˆ ์ ์‹ฌ์„ ๋จน์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
45:22
Again, the sentence ends with โ€˜for 3 monthsโ€™.
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์ด๋ฒˆ์—๋„ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ '3๊ฐœ์›” ๋™์•ˆ'์œผ๋กœ ๋๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
45:26
So we show the duration.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
45:29
Let's move on to the next usage.
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๋‹ค์Œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐ€๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
45:32
In addition, the present perfect tense can be used to describe an action that recently
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๋˜ํ•œ ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์‹œ์ œ๋Š” ์ตœ๊ทผ์—
45:38
stopped.
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์ค‘๋‹จ๋œ ๋™์ž‘์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
45:39
Letโ€™s take a look at some examples.
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๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
45:41
โ€˜I have just been to the doctor,โ€™
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'I have been to the doctor'
45:44
So just like for all the other usages, we start with the subject,
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ชจ๋“  ์šฉ๋ฒ•๊ณผ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ์ฃผ์–ด
45:49
โ€˜haveโ€™ or โ€˜hasโ€™, and the past participle.
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'have' ๋˜๋Š” 'has'์™€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
45:52
But you'll notice here, I used the word โ€˜justโ€™ between โ€˜haveโ€™ and the verb.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋Š” 'have'์™€ ๋™์‚ฌ ์‚ฌ์ด์— 'just'๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
45:58
โ€˜I have just been to the doctor.โ€™
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'๋ฐฉ๊ธˆ โ€‹โ€‹์˜์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋‚˜๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ”์–ด์š”.'
46:02
This shows that it happened very recently.
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์ด๋Š” ์•„์ฃผ ์ตœ๊ทผ์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ ์ผ์ž„์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
46:06
The next example says, โ€˜James has just seen his new baby.โ€™
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๋‹ค์Œ ์˜ˆ์—์„œ๋Š” 'James๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฉ๊ธˆ ๊ทธ์˜ ์ƒˆ ์•„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
46:10
Again, just goes in between โ€˜haveโ€™ or โ€˜hasโ€™ and the verb.
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๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, 'have'๋‚˜ 'has'์™€ ๋™์‚ฌ ์‚ฌ์ด์— ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€์„ธ์š”.
46:16
Take a look at the next example.
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๋‹ค์Œ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
46:19
It says, โ€˜She has already been to China.โ€™
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'์ด๋ฏธ ์ค‘๊ตญ์— ๊ฐ€๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค'๊ณ  ์ ํ˜€ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
46:23
โ€˜alreadyโ€™ is another word you can use to show that this action recently happened.
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'์ด๋ฏธ'๋Š” ์ด ์ž‘์—…์ด ์ตœ๊ทผ์— ๋ฐœ์ƒํ–ˆ์Œ์„ ํ‘œ์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‹จ์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
46:29
However, โ€˜alreadyโ€™ can also be moved to the end of the sentence.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ 'already'๋Š” ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ๋์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
46:35
So it's perfectly fine to say, โ€˜She has been to China already.โ€™
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ '์ด๋ฏธ ์ค‘๊ตญ์— ๊ฐ€๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ด๋„ ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
46:41
And in the last example, โ€˜We have recently visited Tom.โ€™
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ์˜ˆ์—์„œ๋Š” '์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ตœ๊ทผ์— Tom์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
46:45
Again, you can put this word between โ€˜haveโ€™ or โ€˜hasโ€™ and the verb.
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์ด๋ฒˆ์—๋„ 'have'๋‚˜ 'has'์™€ ๋™์‚ฌ ์‚ฌ์ด์— ์ด ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋„ฃ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
46:51
Or you can also put it at the end of the sentence.
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ๋ฌธ์žฅ ๋์— ๋„ฃ์–ด๋„ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
46:54
โ€˜We have visited Tom recently.โ€™
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'์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ตœ๊ทผ ํ†ฐ์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
46:58
Let's move on.
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๊ณ„์† ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
46:59
Let's take a look at the negative form of the present perfect tense.
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ํ˜„์žฌ์™„๋ฃŒ ์‹œ์ œ์˜ ๋ถ€์ •ํ˜•์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
47:04
Here are some examples.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
47:06
The first one says, โ€˜I have not been to Europe.โ€™
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ '๋‚˜๋Š” ์œ ๋Ÿฝ์— ๊ฐ€๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
47:09
What you'll notice in the first sentence is that we simply put a 'not' between โ€˜haveโ€™
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ 'have'
47:15
and โ€˜beenโ€™.
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์™€ 'been' ์‚ฌ์ด์— 'not'์„ ๋„ฃ์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
47:16
โ€˜I have not been to Europe.โ€™
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'๋‚˜๋Š” ์œ ๋Ÿฝ์— ๊ฐ€๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์—†๋‹ค.'
47:20
You can also use a contraction and say โ€˜I haven't been to Europe.โ€™
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์ถ•์•ฝํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ '๋‚˜๋Š” ์œ ๋Ÿฝ์— ๊ฐ€๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
47:26
The next sentence says, โ€˜It has not rained for 3 months.โ€™
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ '3๊ฐœ์›” ๋™์•ˆ ๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
47:31
Again, we put the โ€˜notโ€™ between the โ€˜hasโ€™ and the verb.
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์ด๋ฒˆ์—๋„ 'has'์™€ ๋™์‚ฌ ์‚ฌ์ด์— 'not'์„ ๋„ฃ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
47:36
โ€˜It has not rained for 3 months.โ€™
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'3๊ฐœ์›” ๋™์•ˆ ๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
47:40
Here we have a time expression to show the duration.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์ง€์† ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ํ‘œ์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ํ‘œํ˜„์‹์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
47:44
The next example says, โ€˜Teddy hasn't driven for 2 years.โ€™
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๋‹ค์Œ ์˜ˆ๋Š” 'ํ…Œ๋””๋Š” 2๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์šด์ „์„ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
47:50
We used the contraction here for โ€˜hasโ€™ and โ€˜notโ€™ โ€“ โ€˜hasn'tโ€™.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋Š” 'has'์™€ 'not' ์ฆ‰ 'hasn't'์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ถ•์•ฝํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
47:55
And then we use the time expression โ€˜for 2 yearsโ€™ at the end of the sentence.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฌธ์žฅ ๋์—๋Š” '2๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ'์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ํ‘œํ˜„์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
48:02
And finally, the last sentence says, โ€˜My sons haven't played soccer since 2010.โ€™
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—๋Š” '์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์•„๋“ค๋“ค์€ 2010๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ถ•๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'๋ผ๊ณ  ์ ํ˜€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
48:09
We see another contraction here for โ€˜have notโ€™ โ€“ โ€˜haven'tโ€™.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ 'have not' โ€“ 'have n't'์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ถ•์•ฝํ˜•์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
48:14
โ€˜My sons haven't played soccer since 2010.โ€™
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'๋‚ด ์•„๋“ค๋“ค์€ 2010๋…„ ์ดํ›„๋กœ ์ถ•๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
48:19
This time expression uses โ€˜sinceโ€™.
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์ด๋ฒˆ ํ‘œํ˜„์€ '๋ถ€ํ„ฐ'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
48:22
And so we mention a specific point and time.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํŠน์ • ์‹œ์ ๊ณผ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
48:26
Let's move on.
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๊ณ„์† ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
48:27
Now let's take a look at the โ€˜haveโ€™ or โ€˜hasโ€™ question form of the present perfect
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์ด์ œ ํ˜„์žฌ์™„๋ฃŒ ์‹œ์ œ์˜ 'have' ๋˜๋Š” 'has' ์งˆ๋ฌธ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
48:33
tense.
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.
48:34
Take a look at the board.
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๋ณด๋“œ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
48:36
The first sentence says, โ€˜Mike has eaten lunch.โ€™
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ 'Mike๊ฐ€ ์ ์‹ฌ์„ ๋จน์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
48:40
That is a statement.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ง„์ˆ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
48:41
Now to turn it into a question, it's quite easy.
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์ด์ œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋ฉด ์•„์ฃผ ์‰ฝ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
48:45
All you have to do is put โ€˜hasโ€™ at the beginning.
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์ฒ˜์Œ์— 'has'๋ฅผ ๋ถ™์ด๊ธฐ๋งŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
48:49
Then you follow with the subject and then the past participle.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ ์ฃผ์ œ์™€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
48:54
You'll notice that the placement of the past participle doesn't change.
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ถ„์‚ฌ์˜ ์œ„์น˜๋Š” ๋ณ€ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
48:59
We've simply changed the order of the first 2 words.
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์ฒ˜์Œ ๋‘ ๋‹จ์–ด์˜ ์ˆœ์„œ๋งŒ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
49:02
โ€˜Has Mike eaten lunch?โ€™
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'๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋Š” ์ ์‹ฌ์„ ๋จน์—ˆ๋‚˜์š”?'
49:05
โ€˜Has Mike eaten lunch?โ€™
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'๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋Š” ์ ์‹ฌ์„ ๋จน์—ˆ๋‚˜์š”?'
49:08
And you can answer by saying โ€˜Yes, he has.โ€™ or โ€˜No, he hasn't.โ€™
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹น์‹ ์€ '์˜ˆ, ๊ทธ๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜๋Š” '์•„๋‹ˆ์š”, ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
49:13
The next sentence says, โ€˜They have watched the video.โ€™
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ '๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋น„๋””์˜ค๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ฒญํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
49:18
This is a statement.
800
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์„ฑ๋ช…์„œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
49:20
If we want to turn it into a question, again, we change the order of the first two words.
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์ด๋ฅผ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋ ค๋ฉด ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ฒ˜์Œ ๋‘ ๋‹จ์–ด์˜ ์ˆœ์„œ๋ฅผ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
49:26
โ€˜Have theyโ€ฆ?โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋“ค์€...?'
49:28
And the past participle verb stays in the same place.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ถ„์‚ฌ ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” ๊ฐ™์€ ์ž๋ฆฌ์— ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
49:32
โ€˜Have they watched the video?โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋น„๋””์˜ค๋ฅผ ๋ดค๋‚˜์š”?'
49:35
โ€˜Have they watched the video?โ€™
805
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'๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋น„๋””์˜ค๋ฅผ ๋ดค๋‚˜์š”?'
49:38
You can answer this question by saying, โ€˜Yes, they have.โ€™
806
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์ด ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— '์˜ˆ, ๊ทธ๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
49:42
or โ€˜No, they haven't.โ€™
807
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๋˜๋Š” '์•„๋‹ˆ์š”, ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
49:44
Good job, guys.
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์ž˜ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„.
49:46
Let's move on.
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1000
๊ณ„์† ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
49:47
Now, I'll briefly introduce how to ask WH questions in the present perfect tense.
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์ด์ œ ํ˜„์žฌ์™„๋ฃŒ ์‹œ์ œ๋กœ WH ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๊ฐ„๋žตํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
49:53
Take a look at the board.
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๋ณด๋“œ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
49:55
I have โ€˜whereโ€™, โ€˜whatโ€™, โ€˜whoโ€™, and โ€˜howโ€™.
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'์–ด๋””', '๋ฌด์—‡', '๋ˆ„๊ฐ€', '์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ'๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
49:59
These go at the beginning of the question.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์˜ ์‹œ์ž‘ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
50:02
Let's take a look at the first example.
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
50:04
โ€˜Where has Tim been?โ€™
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'ํŒ€์€ ์–ด๋””์— ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‚˜์š”?'
50:07
You'll notice we followed the WH word with โ€˜hasโ€™ or โ€˜haveโ€™.
816
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WH ๋‹จ์–ด ๋’ค์— 'has' ๋˜๋Š” 'have'๊ฐ€ ๋ถ™๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
50:13
In this case, I used โ€˜hasโ€™ because the subject is โ€˜Timโ€™, and Tim is a โ€˜heโ€™.
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์ด๋ฒˆ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์ฃผ์–ด๊ฐ€ 'Tim'์ด๊ณ  Tim์ด 'he'์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— 'has'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
50:19
And then we followed that with the past participle of the verb.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋ž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
50:23
โ€˜Where has Tim been?โ€™
819
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'ํŒ€์€ ์–ด๋””์— ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‚˜์š”?'
50:26
And I can answer by saying, โ€˜Tim has been home.โ€™
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์ €๋Š” 'ํŒ€์ด ์ง‘์— ์™”์–ด์š”'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
50:29
or โ€˜Tim has been on vacation.โ€™
821
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๋˜๋Š” 'ํŒ€์€ ํœด๊ฐ€ ์ค‘์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
50:32
Something like that.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ.
50:33
The next question says, what countries have you visited?
823
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๋‹ค์Œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ ์–ด๋Š ๋‚˜๋ผ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
50:37
I can answer by saying, โ€˜I have visited China.โ€™
824
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๋‚˜๋Š” '์ค‘๊ตญ์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ–ˆ๋‹ค'๊ณ  ๋‹ตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
50:41
or โ€˜I have visited Mexico.โ€™
825
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๋˜๋Š” '๋ฉ•์‹œ์ฝ”๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•œ ์ ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
50:44
You can also use the contraction โ€˜Iโ€™veโ€™.
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์ถ•์•ฝํ˜• 'I've'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
50:47
โ€˜I've visited China.โ€™
827
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'๋‚˜๋Š” ์ค‘๊ตญ์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
50:49
The next question says, โ€˜Who has she talked to?โ€™
828
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๋‹ค์Œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ '๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์™€ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๋ˆด๋‚˜์š”?'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
50:53
You can answer by saying, โ€˜She has talked to her mom.โ€™ or โ€˜She has talked to her
829
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'๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์—„๋งˆ์™€ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๋ˆด์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜๋Š” '๊ทธ๋…€๋Š”
50:59
teacher.โ€™
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์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๊ณผ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๋ˆด์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
51:00
The next question says, โ€˜How long have you been married?โ€™
831
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๋‹ค์Œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ '๊ฒฐํ˜ผํ•œ ์ง€ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
51:05
โ€˜I've been married for 3 years.โ€™
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'๊ฒฐํ˜ผํ•œ ์ง€ 3๋…„ ๋์–ด์š”.'
51:08
That's one answer that you can give.
833
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‹ต์€ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋‹ค.
51:11
Great job, everybody.
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์ •๋ง ์ž˜ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„.
51:12
Let's move on.
835
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๊ณ„์† ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
51:13
For this checkup, we'll take a look at the present perfect tense.
836
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์ด๋ฒˆ ์ ๊ฒ€์—์„œ๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ์™„๋ฃŒ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
51:17
Which describes an action that happened at
837
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ถˆํ™•์‹คํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„
51:20
an unknown or indefinite time in the past.
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์— ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ์ž‘์—…์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
51:24
Let's look at the first sentence.
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
51:25
โ€˜She _blank_ read that book.โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๊ทธ ์ฑ…์„ _blank_ ์ฝ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
51:29
The subject in this sentence is โ€˜sheโ€™.
841
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์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ์ฃผ์–ด๋Š” 'she'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
51:32
For he/she/it, in this tense we say, โ€˜hasโ€™.
842
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๊ทธ/๊ทธ๋…€/๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์ด ์‹œ์ œ์—์„œ 'has'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
51:37
โ€˜She hasโ€™.
843
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'๊ทธ๋…€๋Š”'.
51:39
Now, take a look at the verb.
844
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์ด์ œ ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
51:42
It looks like โ€˜readโ€™.
845
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'์ฝ๋‹ค'๋กœ ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
51:44
But remember we need to use the past participle of the verb.
846
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
51:48
So It's actually โ€˜readโ€™.
847
3108380
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ๋Š” '์ฝ๋Š”๋‹ค'.
51:50
โ€˜readโ€™ and โ€˜readโ€™ are spelled the same.
848
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'์ฝ๋‹ค'์™€ '์ฝ๋‹ค'๋Š” ์ฒ ์ž๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
51:53
โ€˜She has read that book.โ€™
849
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'๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๊ทธ ์ฑ…์„ ์ฝ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
51:55
The second sentence says, โ€˜They _blank_ visit China.โ€™
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๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ '๊ทธ๋“ค์€ _blank_ ์ค‘๊ตญ์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•œ๋‹ค'๊ณ  ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
52:00
โ€˜visitโ€™ is the verb that you want to use here.
851
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” '๋ฐฉ๋ฌธ'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
52:04
For โ€˜Iโ€™, โ€˜youโ€™, โ€˜weโ€™ and โ€˜theyโ€™, we use โ€˜haveโ€™.
852
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'๋‚˜', '๋„ˆ', '์šฐ๋ฆฌ', '๊ทธ๋“ค'์—๋Š” 'have'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
52:09
Not โ€˜hasโ€™.
853
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'์žˆ๋‹ค'๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
52:10
โ€˜They haveโ€™
854
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'๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค'
52:12
Now, what's the past participle of visit?
855
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์ž, ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธ์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
52:16
The answer is โ€˜visitedโ€™.
856
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2180
์ •๋‹ต์€ '๋ฐฉ๋ฌธ'์ด๋‹ค.
52:18
โ€˜They have visited China.โ€™
857
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'๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ค‘๊ตญ์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
52:21
Next, โ€˜We _blank_ see that concert.โ€™
858
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๋‹ค์Œ์€ '์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ ์ฝ˜์„œํŠธ๋ฅผ _blank_ ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
52:27
Again, for โ€˜Iโ€™, โ€˜youโ€™, weโ€™ and โ€˜theyโ€™ โ€“ we use โ€˜haveโ€™.
859
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๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, '๋‚˜', '๋„ˆ', ์šฐ๋ฆฌ', '๊ทธ๋“ค'์—๋Š” 'have'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
52:32
โ€˜We haveโ€™.
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'์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
52:34
Now, the past participle of โ€˜seeโ€™ is 'seen'.
861
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์ด์ œ 'see'์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๋Š” 'seen'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
52:39
โ€˜We have seen that concert.โ€™
862
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'์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ ์ฝ˜์„œํŠธ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
52:42
Now, let's look for the mistake in the next sentence.
863
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์ด์ œ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ ํ‹€๋ฆฐ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ์ฐพ์•„๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
52:47
โ€˜Rick have been to Cuba.โ€™
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'๋ฆญ์€ ์ฟ ๋ฐ”์— ๊ฐ€๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์žˆ์–ด์š”.'
52:50
Take a look at the subject, โ€˜Rickโ€™.
865
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'๋ฆญ'์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ฃผ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
52:53
Rick is a โ€˜heโ€™.
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๋ฆญ์€ '๊ทธ'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
52:55
So instead of โ€˜haveโ€™, we need to change this to โ€˜hasโ€™.
867
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ 'have' ๋Œ€์‹ ์— 'has'๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ”์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
53:00
โ€˜Rick has been to Cuba.โ€™
868
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'๋ฆญ์€ ์ฟ ๋ฐ”์— ๊ฐ€๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์žˆ์–ด์š”.'
53:03
โ€˜Sally and I hasn't finished work.โ€™
869
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'์ƒ๋ฆฌ์™€ ๋‚˜๋Š” ์•„์ง ์ผ์„ ๋งˆ์น˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
53:09
The subject in this sentence is โ€˜Sallyโ€™ and โ€˜Iโ€™.
870
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์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ์ฃผ์–ด๋Š” 'Sally'์™€ 'I'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
53:12
The pronoun for that is โ€˜weโ€™.
871
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๊ทธ ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ๋Š” '์šฐ๋ฆฌ'์ด๋‹ค.
53:16
โ€˜We hasn't finished work.โ€™
872
3196730
2980
'์•„์ง ์ผ์ด ๋๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์–ด.'
53:19
That still sounds weird, right?
873
3199710
2520
์•„์ง๋„ ์ด์ƒํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ์ฃ ?
53:22
We have to change this to โ€˜have notโ€™ or the contraction โ€˜haven'tโ€™.
874
3202230
7160
์ด๊ฒƒ์„ 'have not' ๋˜๋Š” ์ถ•์•ฝํ˜• 'haven't'๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ”์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
53:29
And finally, โ€˜I did go to the doctor.โ€™
875
3209390
4560
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์นจ๋‚ด '๋‚˜๋Š” ์˜์‚ฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
53:33
Now this sentence makes sense, but it's not the present perfect tense.
876
3213950
4860
์ด์ œ ์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ํ˜„์žฌ์™„๋ฃŒ ์‹œ์ œ๋Š” ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
53:38
We have to change it.
877
3218810
1880
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ”์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
53:40
Remember, we use โ€˜haveโ€™ for the subject, โ€˜Iโ€™.
878
3220690
5040
๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”, 'I'๋ผ๋Š” ์ฃผ์–ด์—๋Š” 'have'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
53:45
But we're not done.
879
3225730
2200
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์•„์ง ๋๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
53:47
What is the past participle of โ€˜goโ€™?
880
3227930
6050
'go'์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€์š”?
53:53
It is โ€˜goneโ€™.
881
3233980
1190
๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฐ”์–ด'.
53:55
โ€˜I have gone to the doctor.โ€™
882
3235170
3780
'๋‚˜๋Š” ์˜์‚ฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ”๋‹ค.'
53:58
Great job.
883
3238950
1000
์ž˜ ํ–ˆ์–ด.
53:59
Let's move on to the next checkup.
884
3239950
2180
๋‹ค์Œ ์ ๊ฒ€์œผ๋กœ ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐ€๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
54:02
In this checkup, we'll talk about the present perfect tense
885
3242130
3490
์ด๋ฒˆ ์ ๊ฒ€์—์„œ๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์‹œ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ
54:05
and how it can be used to describe an action that started in the past and is still true
886
3245620
6010
ํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜์–ด
54:11
today.
887
3251630
1420
์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ ์—๋„ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์ ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ํ–‰๋™์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์ด ์‹œ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
54:13
The first sentence says, โ€˜I _blank_ known Carly since 1994.โ€™
888
3253050
5800
์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ '๋‚˜๋Š” 1994๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ Carly๋ฅผ _๊ณต๋ฐฑ์œผ๋กœ_ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
54:18
The subject is โ€˜Iโ€™.
889
3258850
2110
์ฃผ์ œ๋Š” '๋‚˜'์ด๋‹ค.
54:20
And we already have the past participle of the verb, โ€˜knowโ€™.
890
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4330
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ 'know'๋ผ๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
54:25
Which is โ€˜knownโ€™.
891
3265290
1960
'์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ ๊ฒƒ'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
54:27
What are we missing?
892
3267250
1340
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ๋†“์น˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
54:28
The correct answer is โ€˜haveโ€™.
893
3268590
1850
์ •๋‹ต์€ '๊ฐ–๋‹ค'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
54:30
For โ€˜Iโ€™, โ€˜youโ€™, โ€˜weโ€™ and โ€˜theyโ€™, we use โ€˜haveโ€™ after the subject.
894
3270440
7450
'๋‚˜', '๋„ˆ', '์šฐ๋ฆฌ', '๊ทธ๋“ค'์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์ฃผ์–ด ๋’ค์— 'have'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
54:37
The next sentence says,
895
3277890
1330
๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€
54:39
โ€˜He has been here _blank_ 2 p.m.โ€™
896
3279220
4350
'He has been here _blank_ 2 pm' ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
54:43
Now the first part is all there.
897
3283570
2930
. ์ด์ œ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ๋ชจ๋‘ ์™„๋ฃŒ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
54:46
โ€˜He has beenโ€™.
898
3286500
1930
'๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋žฌ๋‹ค'.
54:48
However, remember that for the present perfect tense,
899
3288430
3390
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ํ˜„์žฌ์™„๋ฃŒ ์‹œ์ œ์—์„œ๋Š”
54:51
we use โ€˜forโ€™ or โ€˜sinceโ€™ to talk about how long that action has been true.
900
3291820
6010
ํ•ด๋‹น ํ–‰๋™์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์˜ค๋ž˜ ์ง€์†๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ 'for'๋‚˜ 'since'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
54:57
In this case, we use โ€˜sinceโ€™.
901
3297830
3380
์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” '๋ถ€ํ„ฐ'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
55:01
Because 2 p.m. is a specific period in time.
902
3301210
5290
์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์˜คํ›„ 2์‹œ๋Š” ํŠน์ • ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
55:06
Next it says, โ€˜She _blank_ liked Tom since June.โ€™
903
3306500
4860
๋‹ค์Œ์—๋Š” '๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” 6์›”๋ถ€ํ„ฐ Tom์„ _blank_ ์ข‹์•„ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'๋ผ๊ณ  ์ ํ˜€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
55:11
The subject is โ€˜sheโ€™.
904
3311360
2410
์ฃผ์–ด๋Š” '๊ทธ๋…€'์ด๋‹ค.
55:13
And we have the past participle of the verb โ€˜likeโ€™, which is 'liked'.
905
3313770
5630
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  'like'๋ผ๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ 'like'์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
55:19
What are we missing?
906
3319400
1460
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ๋†“์น˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
55:20
Again, we need โ€˜haveโ€™ or โ€˜hasโ€™.
907
3320860
2820
๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, 'have' ๋˜๋Š” 'has'๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
55:23
Because the subject is โ€˜sheโ€™...
908
3323680
3240
์ฃผ์–ด๊ฐ€ '๊ทธ๋…€'์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—...
55:26
Can you figure out which one you need?
909
3326920
2900
์–ด๋Š ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ์ง€ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
55:29
The correct answer is โ€˜hasโ€™.
910
3329820
2310
์ •๋‹ต์€ '์žˆ๋‹ค'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
55:32
โ€˜She has liked Tom since June.โ€™
911
3332130
3570
'๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” 6์›”๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํ†ฐ์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.'
55:35
Now, I want you to find a mistake in the next sentence.
912
3335700
4930
์ด์ œ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ ํ‹€๋ฆฐ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ์ฐพ์•„๋ณด์‹œ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
55:40
โ€˜I have worked here six months ago.โ€™
913
3340630
4690
'์ €๋Š” 6๊ฐœ์›” ์ „์— ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ผํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
55:45
Can you find a mistake here?
914
3345320
1790
์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
55:47
โ€˜I have workedโ€™ - that's correct.
915
3347110
3500
'๋‚˜๋Š” ์ผํ–ˆ๋‹ค' - ๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
55:50
However, in the present perfect tense, we don't use โ€˜agoโ€™.
916
3350610
5950
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ํ˜„์žฌ์™„๋ฃŒ ์‹œ์ œ์—์„œ๋Š” '์ „'์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
55:56
This is talking about more the past.
917
3356560
2960
์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
55:59
We want to talk about โ€˜sinceโ€™ or โ€˜forโ€™ instead.
918
3359520
4370
๋Œ€์‹  '๋ถ€ํ„ฐ'๋‚˜ '~์„ ์œ„ํ•ด'์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
56:03
Now โ€˜six monthsโ€™ is not a specific time.
919
3363890
3650
์ด์ œ '6๊ฐœ์›”'์€ ํŠน์ • ์‹œ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
56:07
So we don't use โ€˜sinceโ€™.
920
3367540
2160
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ '๋ถ€ํ„ฐ'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
56:09
Instead, we talk about the duration.
921
3369700
3450
๋Œ€์‹  ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
56:13
So we need โ€˜forโ€™.
922
3373150
2500
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ 'for'๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
56:15
We'll say, โ€˜I have worked here for six months.โ€™
923
3375650
5150
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” '๋‚˜๋Š” ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ 6๊ฐœ์›” ๋™์•ˆ ์ผํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
56:20
Let's take a look at the next sentence.
924
3380800
2140
๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
56:22
โ€˜Jen have a cold for two weeks.โ€™
925
3382940
4400
'์  ์€ 2์ฃผ ๋™์•ˆ ๊ฐ๊ธฐ์— ๊ฑธ๋ ธ์–ด์š”.'
56:27
At first glance, this doesn't seem that wrong.
926
3387340
3580
์–ธ๋œป ๋ณด๋ฉด ์ด ๋ง์€ ๊ทธ๋‹ค์ง€ ํ‹€๋ฆฐ ๋ง์€ ์•„๋‹Œ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
56:30
But remember, Jen is a โ€˜sheโ€™.
927
3390920
3560
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”. Jen์€ '๊ทธ๋…€'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
56:34
So we need โ€˜hasโ€™.
928
3394480
1170
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ 'has'๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
56:35
โ€˜Jen hasโ€™.
929
3395650
1380
'์  ์ด ์žˆ์–ด์š”'.
56:37
But wait a minute, โ€˜Jen has have a coldโ€™?
930
3397030
5380
๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์ž ๊น๋งŒ์š”, '์  ์ด ๊ฐ๊ธฐ์— ๊ฑธ๋ ธ์–ด์š”'๋ผ๊ณ ์š”?
56:42
That's not right either.
931
3402410
1000
๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์˜ณ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
56:43
We need the past participle of โ€˜haveโ€™.
932
3403410
3960
'have'์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
56:47
What is the past participle?
933
3407370
2370
๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€์š”?
56:49
The correct answer is โ€˜hadโ€™.
934
3409740
2120
์ •๋‹ต์€ 'ํ–ˆ๋‹ค' ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
56:51
โ€˜Jen has had a cold for two weeks.โ€™
935
3411860
5590
'Jen์€ 2์ฃผ ๋™์•ˆ ๊ฐ๊ธฐ์— ๊ฑธ๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
56:57
And finally, โ€˜We haven't went home since Friday.โ€™
936
3417450
5360
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ '์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ธˆ์š”์ผ ์ดํ›„๋กœ ์ง‘์— ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
57:02
This one is a little tricky.
937
3422810
1280
์ด๊ฑด ์ข€ ๊นŒ๋‹ค๋กญ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
57:04
The subject is โ€˜weโ€™.
938
3424090
2180
์ฃผ์ œ๋Š” '์šฐ๋ฆฌ'๋‹ค.
57:06
โ€˜We have... have notโ€™.
939
3426270
2430
'์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”... ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
57:08
That's correct.
940
3428700
1100
๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
57:09
The contraction is โ€˜haven'tโ€™.
941
3429800
1980
์ถ•์•ฝํ˜•์€ '์•Š์•˜๋‹ค'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
57:11
โ€˜We haven'tโ€™.
942
3431780
1330
'์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค'.
57:13
Now the problem is, we have this verb โ€˜wentโ€™.
943
3433110
4230
์ด์ œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” 'went'๋ผ๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
57:17
That's in the past simple tense.
944
3437340
2790
๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ์‹œ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
57:20
We need the past participle of โ€˜goโ€™.
945
3440130
2350
'go'์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
57:22
The correct answer is โ€˜goneโ€™.
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์ •๋‹ต์€ '์‚ฌ๋ผ์กŒ๋‹ค' ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
57:26
โ€˜We haven't gone home since Friday.โ€™
947
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4450
'์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ธˆ์š”์ผ ์ดํ›„๋กœ ์ง‘์— ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
57:31
Good job, guys.
948
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์ž˜ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„.
57:33
Let's move on to the next checkup.
949
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2010
๋‹ค์Œ ์ ๊ฒ€์œผ๋กœ ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐ€๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
57:35
In this checkup, we'll take a look at the present perfect tense.
950
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3840
์ด๋ฒˆ ์ ๊ฒ€์—์„œ๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ์™„๋ฃŒ ์‹œ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
57:39
And how it is used to describe an action that finished recently.
951
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ตœ๊ทผ์— ์™„๋ฃŒ๋œ ์ž‘์—…์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
57:44
We'll be focusing on the words, โ€˜justโ€™, โ€˜alreadyโ€™ and โ€˜recentlyโ€™ to show this.
952
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์ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด 'just', 'already', 'recently'๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด์— ์ค‘์ ์„ ๋‘˜ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
57:50
Let's take a look at the first sentence.
953
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1860
์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
57:51
โ€˜She has just _blank_ that book.โ€™
954
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3700
'๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๊ทธ ์ฑ…์„ _blank_ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
57:55
And we're using the verb, โ€˜readโ€™.
955
3475560
2410
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” '์ฝ๋‹ค'๋ผ๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
57:57
Remember, we take the subject, โ€˜sheโ€™.
956
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๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” '๊ทธ๋…€'๋ผ๋Š” ์ฃผ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ทจํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
58:00
And for โ€˜heโ€™, โ€˜sheโ€™ and โ€˜itโ€™, we say โ€˜hasโ€™.
957
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  '๊ทธ', '๊ทธ๋…€', '๊ทธ๊ฒƒ'์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” 'has'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
58:04
So that's correct.
958
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1760
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
58:06
Now we need the past participle of โ€˜readโ€™.
959
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์ด์ œ 'read'์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
58:10
And that is โ€˜readโ€™.
960
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ '์ฝ๊ธฐ'์ด๋‹ค.
58:12
โ€˜She has just read that book.โ€™
961
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'๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๊ธˆ ๊ทธ ์ฑ…์„ ์ฝ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
58:16
You'll notice I use the word, โ€˜justโ€™ right before the past participle.
962
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ถ„์‚ฌ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์•ž์— 'just'๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
58:23
Next it says, โ€˜They have alreadyโ€™ and the verb is โ€˜wake upโ€™.
963
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๋‹ค์Œ์—๋Š” '๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ด๋ฏธ'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๊ณ  ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” '๊นจ์–ด๋‚˜๋‹ค'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
58:29
If the subject is โ€˜heโ€™, โ€˜sheโ€™, or โ€˜itโ€™, we use โ€˜hasโ€™.
964
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์ฃผ์–ด๊ฐ€ 'he', 'she', 'it'์ด๋ฉด 'has'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
58:34
But if the subject is โ€˜Iโ€™, โ€˜youโ€™, โ€˜weโ€™ or โ€˜theyโ€™, we use โ€˜haveโ€™.
965
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ฃผ์–ด๊ฐ€ '๋‚˜', '๋„ˆ', '์šฐ๋ฆฌ', '๊ทธ๋“ค'์ด๋ฉด 'have'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
58:39
So that's correct.
966
3519800
1940
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
58:41
โ€˜They haveโ€™.
967
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1290
'๊ทธ๋“ค์€'.
58:43
Also we have the word โ€˜alreadyโ€™ here to show that it happened recently
968
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๋˜ํ•œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ์ตœ๊ทผ์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ
58:47
or that it finished recently.
969
3527820
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๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ตœ๊ทผ์— ๋๋‚ฌ์Œ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด 'already'๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
58:50
Now the verb is โ€˜wake upโ€™.
970
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2390
์ด์ œ ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” '๊นจ์–ด๋‚˜๋‹ค'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
58:52
We need the past participle of โ€˜wake upโ€™,
971
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3610
'๊นจ์–ด๋‚˜๋‹ค'์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ๋ฐ,
58:56
and that is โ€˜woken upโ€™.
972
3536450
5350
๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด '๊นจ์–ด๋‚ฌ๋‹ค'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
59:01
So the answer is,
973
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋Œ€๋‹ต์€
59:03
โ€˜They have already woken up.โ€™
974
3543600
3590
'๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ด๋ฏธ ๊นจ์–ด๋‚ฌ๋‹ค'์ด๋‹ค.
59:07
The next sentence says,
975
3547190
1200
๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€
59:08
โ€˜We have recently _blank_ work.โ€™
976
3548390
3860
'์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ตœ๊ทผ์— _blank_ ์ผ์„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
59:12
And the verb is โ€˜finishโ€™.
977
3552250
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” '์™„๋ฃŒ'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
59:14
โ€˜We haveโ€™, that's correct.
978
3554070
2550
'์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์žˆ๋‹ค'๊ฐ€ ๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
59:16
And we have the word 'recently' to show when the action finished.
979
3556620
4080
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ž‘์—…์ด ์™„๋ฃŒ๋œ ์‹œ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ‘œ์‹œํ•˜๋Š” '์ตœ๊ทผ'์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
59:20
And now we need to find the past participle of the verb โ€˜finishโ€™.
980
3560700
5180
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด์ œ 'finish' ๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•„์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
59:25
The correct answer is.
981
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1280
์ •๋‹ต์€ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
59:27
โ€˜We have recently finished, -ed, work.โ€™
982
3567160
5050
'์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ตœ๊ทผ ์ž‘์—…์„ ๋งˆ์ณค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
59:32
Now try to find the mistake in the next sentence.
983
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6260
์ด์ œ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ ํ‹€๋ฆฐ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ์ฐพ์•„๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
59:38
โ€˜Morty has eaten just.โ€™
984
3578470
4130
'๋ชจํ‹ฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฉ๊ธˆ ๋จน์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
59:42
This sounds a little strange, right?
985
3582600
2750
์ข€ ์ด์ƒํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ์ฃ ?
59:45
That's because โ€˜justโ€™ needs to come before the verb.
986
3585350
4810
๋™์‚ฌ ์•ž์— 'just'๊ฐ€ ์™€์•ผ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
59:50
Therefore, the answer is โ€˜Morty has just eaten.โ€™
987
3590160
4740
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋Œ€๋‹ต์€ '๋ชจํ‹ฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฉ๊ธˆ ๋จน์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
59:54
The next sentence says, โ€˜Karen has recently be sick.โ€™
988
3594900
5630
๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ 'Karen์ด ์ตœ๊ทผ์— ์•„ํ”„๋‹ค'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
60:00
Karen is a โ€˜sheโ€™.
989
3600530
3190
์นด๋ Œ์€ '๊ทธ๋…€'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
60:03
So โ€˜hasโ€™ is correct.
990
3603720
2670
๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ '์žˆ๋‹ค'๊ฐ€ ๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
60:06
And there we have โ€˜recentlyโ€™.
991
3606390
2470
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  '์ตœ๊ทผ'์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
60:08
Now we need the past participle of the verb.
992
3608860
3900
์ด์ œ ๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
60:12
โ€˜beโ€™ is our verb and the past participle of โ€˜beโ€™ is โ€˜beenโ€™.
993
3612760
6240
'be'๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ์ด๊ณ  'be'์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๋Š” 'been'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
60:19
โ€˜Karen has recently been sick.โ€™
994
3619000
2940
'Karen์€ ์ตœ๊ทผ์— ์•„ํŒ ์–ด์š”.'
60:21
And finally, โ€˜I have gone already to the dentist.โ€™
995
3621940
5680
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ '์ด๋ฏธ ์น˜๊ณผ์— ๋‹ค๋…€์™”์–ด์š”.'
60:27
This is similar to another question we looked at just before.
996
3627620
3770
์ด๋Š” ์ง์ „์— ์‚ดํŽด๋ณธ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ๊ณผ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
60:31
โ€˜I have gone already to the dentist.โ€™
997
3631390
4020
'๋‚˜๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ ์น˜๊ณผ์— ๊ฐ”์—ˆ์–ด.'
60:35
The placement of โ€˜alreadyโ€™ is a little awkward.
998
3635410
5070
'๋ฒŒ์จ'์˜ ๋ฐฐ์น˜๊ฐ€ ์ข€ ์–ด์ƒ‰ํ•˜๋„ค์š”.
60:40
So we can say, โ€˜I have already gone.โ€™
999
3640480
4150
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ '๋‚˜๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ ๊ฐ”๋‹ค'๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
60:44
So we can put โ€˜alreadyโ€™ before the verb,
1000
3644630
2990
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋™์‚ฌ ์•ž์— 'already'๋ฅผ ๋„ฃ์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ ,
60:47
โ€˜I have already gone to the dentistโ€™
1001
3647620
3140
'I have been been to thedentist'๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„
60:50
Or we can put this at the end,
1002
3650760
2720
์žˆ๊ณ , ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๋™์‚ฌ ๋์—
60:53
โ€˜I have gone to the dentist already.โ€™
1003
3653480
2940
'I have been to thedental done'์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋„ฃ์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
60:56
Both of those are correct.
1004
3656420
2810
๋‘˜ ๋‹ค ๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
60:59
Now, good job.
1005
3659230
2090
์ž, ์ž˜ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
61:01
That is the end of the checkup.
1006
3661320
1720
์ด์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ ๊ฒ€์ด ๋๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
61:03
Let's move on.
1007
3663040
1000
๊ณ„์† ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
61:04
Excellent job, everyone.
1008
3664040
2070
์ •๋ง ์ž˜ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„.
61:06
You just learned about the present perfect tense.
1009
3666110
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๋ฐฉ๊ธˆ ํ˜„์žฌ์™„๋ฃŒ ์‹œ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ฐฐ์› ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
61:08
There was a lot to learn, but you did a wonderful job.
1010
3668800
3560
๋ฐฐ์šธ ์ ์ด ๋งŽ์•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ์ผ์„ ํ•ด๋‚ด์…จ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
61:12
Keep studying English.
1011
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์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ณ„์† ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
61:14
I know that It's hard, but you will get better with time, effort and practice.
1012
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5000
์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ, ์—ฐ์Šต์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋‚˜์•„์งˆ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
61:19
I'll see you in the next video.
1013
3679040
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๋‹ค์Œ ์˜์ƒ์—์„œ ๋ต™๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
61:23
Hi, everyone.
1014
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์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„.
61:30
Welcome to the video.
1015
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๋น„๋””์˜ค์— ์˜ค์‹  ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™˜์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
61:31
In this video, Iโ€™ll introduce the Present Perfect Continuous English Tense.
1016
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์ด๋ฒˆ ์˜์ƒ์—์„œ๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ์™„๋ฃŒ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜• ์˜์–ด ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์‹œ์ œ๋Š”
61:37
This tense can be used to talk about an action
1017
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜์–ด ํ˜„์žฌ์—๋„ ๊ณ„์†๋˜๋Š”
61:40
that started in the past and continues in the present.
1018
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ํ–‰๋™์„ ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
61:44
It can also be used to talk about an action that hasn't happened recently.
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๋˜ํ•œ ์ตœ๊ทผ์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ํ–‰๋™์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ๋„ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
61:50
And finally, it can also be used to talk about an action that recently stopped.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ์ตœ๊ทผ์— ์ค‘๋‹จ๋œ ์ž‘์—…์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ๋„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
61:55
There's a lot to learn, so keep watching.
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๋ฐฐ์šธ๊ฒŒ ๋งŽ์œผ๋‹ˆ ๊ณ„์† ์‹œ์ฒญํ•ด์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
62:01
You can use the present perfect continuous tense
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด์„œ ํ˜„์žฌ์—๋„ ๊ณ„์†๋˜๋Š” ํ–‰๋™์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ๋Š”
62:04
to talk about an action that started in the past and continues in the present.
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ํ˜„์žฌ์™„๋ฃŒ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
62:10
We want to emphasize duration
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ๊ณ 
62:12
and you can do that by using โ€˜forโ€™ or โ€˜sinceโ€™ in your sentence.
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๋ฌธ์žฅ์— 'for'๋‚˜ 'since'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
62:17
Let's take a look at some examples.
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๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
62:19
โ€˜Charles has been studying English for an hour.โ€™
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'์ฐฐ์Šค๋Š” ํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
62:24
Take a look at the subject, โ€˜Charlesโ€™.
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'์ฐฐ์Šค'๋ผ๋Š” ์ฃผ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
62:27
The subject pronoun for Charles is โ€˜heโ€™.
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Charles์˜ ์ฃผ์–ด ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ๋Š” 'he'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
62:30
And that's why we say โ€˜hasโ€™.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” '์žˆ๋‹ค'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
62:32
After that, we add โ€˜beenโ€™ and then verb โ€˜-ingโ€™.
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๊ทธ ๋’ค์— 'been'์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋™์‚ฌ '-ing'์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
62:37
In this case, โ€˜studying.โ€™
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์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” '๊ณต๋ถ€ ์ค‘'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
62:40
You'll also notice that at the end of the sentence we have for an hour.
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๋˜ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ด ๋๋‚˜๋ฉด ํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
62:45
That shows how long this action has been happening.
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์ด๋Š” ์ด ์ž‘์—…์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
62:49
When you use โ€˜forโ€™, you emphasize the duration. โ€˜for an hourโ€™.
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'for'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 'ํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ'.
62:54
โ€˜Charles has been studying English for an hour.โ€™
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'์ฐฐ์Šค๋Š” ํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
62:59
Let's take a look at the next sentence.
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
63:01
โ€˜Lily has been playing the piano for 2 years.โ€™
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'๋ฆด๋ฆฌ๋Š” 2๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ํ”ผ์•„๋…ธ๋ฅผ ์ณค์–ด์š”.'
63:06
In this case, Lily is a โ€˜sheโ€™ and that's why, again, we say โ€˜hasโ€™.
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์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ Lily๋Š” 'she'์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋‹ค์‹œ 'has'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
63:12
You'll notice again, we have โ€˜beenโ€™ and then verb โ€˜-ingโ€™.
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๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ์•Œ์•„์ฐจ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ, 'been'๊ณผ ๋™์‚ฌ '-ing'์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
63:16
In this case, โ€˜playingโ€™.
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์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” '์—ฐ์ฃผ'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
63:18
At the end of this sentence, we also used โ€˜forโ€™.
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์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ ๋์—๋Š” 'for'๋„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
63:22
and then โ€˜two yearsโ€™.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  '2๋…„'.
63:24
So again, we're showing how long this has been happening.
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๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
63:29
The next sentence is a little different.
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋‹ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
63:32
โ€˜It has been growing since June.โ€™
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'6์›”๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์„ฑ์žฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.'
63:35
So it can be something like a plant.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์‹๋ฌผ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
63:38
The plant or it has been growing since June.
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์‹๋ฌผ์€ 6์›”๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ž๋ผ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
63:43
Here we use โ€˜sinceโ€™, not โ€˜forโ€™.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋Š” 'for'๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ 'since'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
63:47
What's the difference?
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์ฐจ์ด์ ์ด ๋ญ์•ผ?
63:48
We use a specific point in time with since.
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Since์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํŠน์ • ์‹œ์ ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
63:52
We don't say โ€˜Since two hoursโ€™.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” '๋‘ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ดํ›„'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
63:54
No, we say โ€˜When the action started since June.โ€™
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์•„๋‹ˆ์š”, '6์›”๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํ™œ๋™์ด ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
63:59
And finally, โ€˜Dan and I have been working since 6 a.m.โ€™
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ '๋Œ„๊ณผ ๋‚˜๋Š” ์˜ค์ „ 6์‹œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค'
64:05
The subject pronoun for โ€˜Dan and Iโ€™ is โ€˜Weโ€™.
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'๋Œ„๊ณผ ๋‚˜'์˜ ์ฃผ์–ด ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ๋Š” '์šฐ๋ฆฌ'์ด๋‹ค.
64:09
Therefore we use โ€˜haveโ€™.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฏ€๋กœ '๊ฐ–๋‹ค'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
64:11
At the end of the sentence, we have โ€˜since 6 a.m.โ€™
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๋ฌธ์žฅ ๋์—๋Š” 'since 6 am'์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
64:16
Remember that with โ€˜sinceโ€™, we talked about a specific point in time when the action
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'since'๋Š” ๋™์ž‘์ด ์‹œ์ž‘๋œ ํŠน์ • ์‹œ์ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ–ˆ์Œ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”
64:21
started.
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.
64:23
Let's move on.
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๊ณ„์† ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
64:24
The present perfect continuous can also be used without emphasizing duration.
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์€ ์ง€์† ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
64:30
In this case, we mean โ€˜latelyโ€™.
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์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” '์ตœ๊ทผ'์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
64:33
This action has been happening โ€˜latelyโ€™,
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์ด ์ž‘์—…์€ '์ตœ๊ทผ'์— ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๊ณ 
64:36
and so we can use the word โ€˜latelyโ€™ or โ€˜recentlyโ€™ to explain this.
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์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ด๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด '์ตœ๊ทผ' ๋˜๋Š” '์ตœ๊ทผ'์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
64:42
Let's take a look at some examples.
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๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
64:43
โ€˜You have been missing many classes lately.โ€™
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'์š”์ฆ˜ ์ˆ˜์—…์— ๊ฒฐ์„์ด ๋งŽ์œผ์‹œ๊ตฐ์š”.'
64:48
You'll notice that at the end of the sentence I use the word โ€˜lately'
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์ด ์ž‘์—…์ด ์–ธ์ œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
64:52
to describe when this action has been happening.
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๋ฌธ์žฅ ๋์— '์ตœ๊ทผ'์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
64:56
You can also use lately at the beginning of the sentence.
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. ๋ฌธ์žฅ ์‹œ์ž‘ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์— lately๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
65:00
For example, โ€˜Lately, you have been missing many classes.โ€™
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, '์š”์ฆ˜ ์ˆ˜์—…์ด ๋งŽ์ด ๋น ์กŒ์–ด์š”.'
65:05
The next example says, โ€˜Recently, Toby has been running every day.โ€™
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๋‹ค์Œ ์˜ˆ๋Š” '์ตœ๊ทผ Toby๊ฐ€ ๋งค์ผ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ๋Š”
65:11
In this sentence, we used โ€˜recentlyโ€™ at the beginning
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ํ–‰๋™์ด ์–ธ์ œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
65:14
to show when does action has been happening.
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์ฒ˜์Œ์— '์ตœ๊ทผ'์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
65:18
You can also use โ€˜recentlyโ€™ at the end of the sentence.
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๋ฌธ์žฅ ๋์— '์ตœ๊ทผ'์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
65:21
โ€˜Toby has been running everyday recently.โ€™
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'ํ† ๋น„๋Š” ์š”์ฆ˜ ๋งค์ผ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.'
65:25
In this example, the subject is Toby and so we use โ€˜hasโ€™ after Toby.
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์ด ์˜ˆ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ฃผ์–ด๊ฐ€ Toby์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ Toby ๋’ค์— 'has'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
65:31
Because Toby is a โ€˜heโ€™.
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์™œ๋ƒ๋ฉด ํ† ๋น„๋Š” '๊ทธ'์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
65:34
The next example says, โ€˜Lately, Dana has been swimming a lot.โ€™
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๋‹ค์Œ ์˜ˆ๋Š” '์š”์ฆ˜ ๋‹ค๋‚˜๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜์˜์„ ๋งŽ์ด ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
65:39
Again, we use โ€˜latelyโ€™ at the beginning of this sentence,
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๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ์‹œ์ž‘ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์—๋Š” 'lately'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉ
65:42
but you can also use it at the end.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๋ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์—๋„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
65:45
Dana is a โ€˜sheโ€™ and so we followed this subject with โ€˜hasโ€™.
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Dana๋Š” 'she'์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ด ์ฃผ์ œ์— 'has'๋ฅผ ๋ถ™์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
65:51
And finally, โ€˜We've been practicing English together recently.โ€™
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ '์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ตœ๊ทผ์— ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์˜์–ด ์—ฐ์Šต์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.'
65:56
โ€˜Weโ€™ is the subject of this sentence and so we use โ€˜haveโ€™.
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์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ์ฃผ์–ด๋Š” 'We'์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ 'have'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
66:01
Here, we use the contraction โ€˜Weโ€™veโ€™.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋Š” 'We've'๋ผ๋Š” ์ถ•์•ฝํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
66:04
โ€˜We haveโ€™ become โ€˜We'veโ€™.
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'์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”'์ด '์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”'์ด ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
66:07
โ€˜We've been practicing English together recently.โ€™
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'์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ตœ๊ทผ์— ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ์—ฐ์Šตํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.'
66:11
We can put โ€˜recentlyโ€™ at the end,
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'recently'๋ฅผ ๋์— ๋ถ™์ด
66:14
or we can say โ€˜Recently we've been practicing English together.โ€™
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๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, 'Recently we've been practice English together.'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
66:19
Let's move on.
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๊ณ„์† ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
66:21
The present perfect continuous tense and also be used to talk about an action that recently
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ํ˜„์žฌ์™„๋ฃŒ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์€ ์ตœ๊ทผ์— ์ค‘๋‹จ๋˜์–ด ํ˜„์žฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ
66:27
stopped and has a present result.
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๋™์ž‘์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ๋„ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
66:30
Let's take a look at the example.
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. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
66:32
โ€˜I'm tired because I have been running.โ€™
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'๋‹ฌ๋ ค์„œ ํ”ผ๊ณคํ•ด์š”.'
66:36
The second part of the sentence, โ€˜I have been runningโ€™
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๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ธ 'I have been running'์€
66:39
is using the present perfect continuous tense.
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ํ˜„์žฌ์™„๋ฃŒ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
66:43
This is the action that recently stopped.
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์ตœ๊ทผ ์ค‘๋‹จ๋œ ์ž‘์—…์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
66:45
And as a result, โ€˜I'm tiredโ€™.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” 'ํ”ผ๊ณคํ•ด์š”'.
66:49
This is the present result.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ํ˜„์žฌ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
66:51
What's happening now, because of this.
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์ง€๊ธˆ ๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฑธ๊นŒ์š”, ์ด๊ฒƒ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—.
66:54
โ€˜I'm tired.โ€™.
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'ํ”ผ๊ณคํ•ด์š”.'.
66:56
The next example says, โ€˜The street is wet because it has been raining.โ€™
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๋‹ค์Œ ์˜ˆ๋Š” '๋น„๊ฐ€ ์™”๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ –์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
67:01
This is very similar to the first sentence.
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์ด๋Š” ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ๊ณผ ๋งค์šฐ โ€‹โ€‹์œ ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
67:04
Here, we know that it has been raining.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋น„๊ฐ€ ์™”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
67:07
And this action recently stopped.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ํ–‰๋™์€ ์ตœ๊ทผ์— ์ค‘๋‹จ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
67:09
As a result, in the present, The street is wet.
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๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ํ˜„์žฌ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ –์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค.
67:14
The street is wet right now because of this action.
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์ด ํ–‰๋™์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์ง€๊ธˆ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ –์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
67:19
The next example says, โ€˜You don't understand because you haven't been listening.โ€™
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๋‹ค์Œ ์˜ˆ๋Š” '๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋“ฃ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ดํ•ดํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
67:25
You'll notice here that we use the negative.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋Š” ๋ถ€์ •๋ฌธ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
67:28
Here's the contractions, โ€˜haven'tโ€™ or โ€˜have notโ€™
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์ด ๋™์ž‘์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด 'have n't' ๋˜๋Š” 'have not'์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ถ•ํ˜•์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
67:33
because of this action, you haven't been listening,
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. ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ๋“ฃ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ
67:36
now you don't understand.
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์ด์ œ๋Š” ์ดํ•ดํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
67:39
In the last example, we switch the order a little bit.
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ์˜ˆ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ˆœ์„œ๋ฅผ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ‰๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
67:43
โ€˜I've been studying all night.โ€™
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'๋ฐค์ƒˆ๋„๋ก ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.'
67:46
There is the present perfect continuous tense.
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ํ˜„์žฌ์™„๋ฃŒ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
67:49
This is the action that stopped recently.
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์ตœ๊ทผ ์ค‘๋‹จ๋œ ์กฐ์น˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
67:52
And here is the result.
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๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
67:53
โ€˜Now, I'm exhausted.โ€™
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'์ด์ œ ์ง€์ณค์–ด์š”.'
67:57
Great job, everyone.
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์ •๋ง ์ž˜ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„.
67:58
Let's move on.
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๊ณ„์† ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
67:59
Let's take a look at the negative form of the present perfect continuous tense.
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ํ˜„์žฌ์™„๋ฃŒ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์˜ ๋ถ€์ •ํ˜•์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
68:04
Here are some examples.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
68:06
โ€˜I have not been feeling well these days.โ€™
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'์š”์ฆ˜ ๋ชธ์ด ์•ˆ ์ข‹์•„์„œ์š”.'
68:10
At the end of the sentence we have โ€˜these daysโ€™ to show that this is an action that's
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๋ฌธ์žฅ ๋์— '์š”์ฆ˜'์ด ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด
68:15
been happening recently.
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์ตœ๊ทผ์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ํ–‰๋™์ž„์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
68:18
In the negative form, we have to have โ€˜notโ€™.
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๋ถ€์ •ํ˜•์—์„œ๋Š” โ€‹โ€‹'not'์ด ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
68:21
The โ€˜notโ€™ goes after have or has.
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have๋‚˜ has ๋’ค์—๋Š” 'not'์ด ์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
68:25
In this case, the subject is โ€˜Iโ€™, so I use โ€˜haveโ€™.
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์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ฃผ์–ด๋Š” 'I'์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ 'have'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
68:29
โ€˜I have not been feeling well these days.โ€™
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'์š”์ฆ˜ ๋ชธ์ด ์•ˆ ์ข‹์•„์„œ์š”.'
68:33
We can also use a contraction โ€˜haven'tโ€™ or โ€˜have notโ€™.
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์ถ•์•ฝํ˜• 'haven't' ๋˜๋Š” 'have not'์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
68:38
โ€˜I haven't been feeling well these days.โ€™
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'์š”์ฆ˜ ๋ชธ์ด ์•ˆ ์ข‹์•„์„œ์š”.'
68:41
The next sentence says, โ€˜Sue has not been cooking lately.โ€™
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ 'Sue๋Š” ์ตœ๊ทผ์— ์š”๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
68:46
We have โ€˜latelyโ€™ at the end of this sentence,
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์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ๋์—๋Š” 'lately'๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ ,
68:49
We can also put โ€˜latelyโ€™ at the beginning of the sentence.
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๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ์‹œ์ž‘ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์—๋Š” 'lately'๋ฅผ ๋„ฃ์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
68:53
The important part of this sentence is to put โ€˜notโ€™ after โ€˜hasโ€™.
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์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ 'has' ๋’ค์— 'not'์„ ๋ถ™์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
68:57
Why did we use โ€˜hasโ€™?
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์™œ 'has'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ๋‚˜์š”?
69:00
Because the subject is โ€˜Sueโ€™ which is a 'she'.
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ฃผ์–ด๋Š” '๊ทธ๋…€'์ธ 'Sue'์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
69:03
For โ€˜heโ€™, โ€˜sheโ€™, โ€˜itโ€™, we use โ€˜hasโ€™.
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'๊ทธ', '๊ทธ๋…€', '๊ทธ๊ฒƒ'์—๋Š” 'has'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
69:06
Again, we can use a contraction โ€˜hasn'tโ€™ for has not.
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๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, has not์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด 'has't'๋ผ๋Š” ์ถ•์•ฝํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
69:11
โ€˜Sue hasn't been cooking lately.โ€™
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'์ˆ˜๋Š” ์š”์ฆ˜ ์š”๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์•ˆ ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.'
69:15
The next sentence says, โ€˜Jeff hasn't been eating healthy food recently.โ€™
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ '์ œํ”„๋Š” ์ตœ๊ทผ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์— ์ข‹์€ ์Œ์‹์„ ๋จน์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
69:21
Again, the โ€˜recentlyโ€™ can be used at the beginning or end of this sentence.
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์ด๋ฒˆ์—๋„ '์ตœ๊ทผ'์„ ์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ์‹œ์ž‘์ด๋‚˜ ๋ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์— ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
69:26
We have the contestant โ€˜hasn'tโ€™ here for you.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— '์—†๋Š”' ์ฐธ๊ฐ€์ž๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
69:31
โ€˜hasn'tโ€™ is a contraction for โ€˜has notโ€™.
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'์•Š์•˜๋‹ค'๋Š” '์•Š์•˜๋‹ค'์˜ ์ถ•์•ฝํ˜•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
69:34
We have โ€˜hasโ€™ because the subject is Jeff which is โ€˜heโ€™.
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์ฃผ์–ด๊ฐ€ 'he'์ธ Jeff์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— 'has'๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
69:39
And finally, โ€˜They haven't been speaking for over a year.โ€™
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ, '๊ทธ๋“ค์€ 1๋…„ ๋„˜๊ฒŒ ๋ง์„ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
69:45
In this case, โ€˜for over a yearโ€™ shows duration.
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์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ '1๋…„ ์ด์ƒ'์€ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
69:49
Remember with โ€˜forโ€™, you show how long something has been happening.
1147
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'for'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด ์–ด๋–ค ์ผ์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ๋Š”์ง€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
69:54
In this case, we have a contraction โ€˜haven'tโ€™ or โ€˜have notโ€™.
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์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” 'haven't' ๋˜๋Š” 'have not'์„ ์ค„์—ฌ์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
69:58
Great job, everybody.
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์ •๋ง ์ž˜ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„.
70:00
let's move on.
1150
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๊ณ„์†ํ•˜์ž.
70:01
Now, let's take a look at how to form the โ€˜haveโ€™ or โ€˜hasโ€™ question
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์ด์ œ ํ˜„์žฌ์™„๋ฃŒ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ
70:06
for the present perfect continuous tense.
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'have' ๋˜๋Š” 'has' ์˜๋ฌธ๋ฌธ์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
70:09
The first sentence says, โ€˜He has been reading for an hour,โ€™
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. ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ '๊ทธ๋Š” ํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ฑ…์„ ์ฝ์—ˆ๋‹ค'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
70:13
Now, to turn this into a question,
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์ด์ œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋ ค๋ฉด
70:16
all we have to do is change the order of the first two words.
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์ฒ˜์Œ ๋‘ ๋‹จ์–ด์˜ ์ˆœ์„œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
70:21
So โ€˜He hasโ€™ becomes โ€˜Has heโ€™.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ '๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค'๋Š” '๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค'๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
70:24
โ€˜Has he been reading for an hour?โ€™
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'๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ฑ…์„ ์ฝ์—ˆ๋‚˜์š”?'
70:28
You'll notice that the second part of the sentence doesn't change.
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๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ๋ณ€ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
70:32
โ€˜Has he been reading for an hour?โ€™
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'๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ฑ…์„ ์ฝ์—ˆ๋‚˜์š”?'
70:35
To answer, you can simply say, โ€˜Yes, he has.โ€™ or โ€˜No, he hasn't.โ€™
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๋Œ€๋‹ตํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ๊ฐ„๋‹จํžˆ '์˜ˆ, ๊ทธ๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜๋Š” '์•„๋‹ˆ์š”, ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
70:41
The next sentence says, โ€˜They have been sleeping since 8 p.m.โ€™
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ '๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์˜คํ›„ 8์‹œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ž๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
70:45
Again, the second part of the sentence stays the same,
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. ์ด๋ฒˆ์—๋„ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ๋™์ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์œ ์ง€๋˜๊ณ 
70:50
and in the beginning, we just switch the first two words.
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์ฒ˜์Œ์—๋Š” ์ฒ˜์Œ ๋‘ ๋‹จ์–ด๋งŒ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ‰๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
70:53
โ€˜They haveโ€™ become โ€˜Have theyโ€™.
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'๊ทธ๋“ค์€'์ด '๊ทธ๋“ค์€'์ด ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
70:55
โ€˜Have they been sleeping since 8 p.m.?โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์˜คํ›„ 8์‹œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ž๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‚˜์š”?'
70:59
To answer, you can say, โ€˜Yes, they have.โ€™
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๋Œ€๋‹ตํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด '์˜ˆ, ๊ทธ๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
71:03
or โ€˜No. they haven't.โ€™
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๋˜๋Š” '์•„๋‹ˆ์š”. ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
71:05
Great job, everybody.
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์ •๋ง ์ž˜ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„.
71:07
Let's move on.
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๊ณ„์† ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
71:08
Now, let's take a look at how to form WH questions in the present perfect continuous tense.
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์ด์ œ ํ˜„์žฌ์™„๋ฃŒ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜• WH ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
71:14
Here, we have some WH question words.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— WH ์งˆ๋ฌธ ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
71:18
โ€˜whatโ€™, โ€˜whereโ€™, โ€˜whyโ€™ and โ€˜howโ€™.
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'๋ฌด์—‡', '์–ด๋””', '์™œ', '์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ'.
71:22
Let's take a look at the first question.
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
71:24
โ€˜What have you been doing lately?โ€™
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'์ตœ๊ทผ์— ๋ญ ํ–ˆ์–ด?'
71:27
I can answer by saying, โ€˜I have been working.โ€™
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๋‚˜๋Š” '๋‚˜๋Š” ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค'๊ณ  ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
71:30
or โ€˜I have been studying.โ€™
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๋˜๋Š” '๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.'
71:32
I can also use the contraction โ€˜I'veโ€™.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๋˜ํ•œ 'I've'๋ผ๋Š” ์ถ•์•ฝํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
71:35
โ€˜I've been working.โ€™
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'๋‚˜๋Š” ์ผํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.'
71:37
โ€˜I've been studying.โ€™
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'๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.'
71:38
The next question says, โ€˜Where have you been traveling?โ€™
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๋‹ค์Œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ '์–ด๋””๋กœ ์—ฌํ–‰ ์ค‘์ด์…จ๋‚˜์š”?'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
71:42
โ€˜I have been traveling in Europe.โ€™
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'์ €๋Š” ์œ ๋Ÿฝ์„ ์—ฌํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.'
71:45
or โ€˜I've been traveling in Europe.โ€™
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๋˜๋Š” '๋‚˜๋Š” ์œ ๋Ÿฝ์„ ์—ฌํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
71:47
โ€˜Why has he been feeling sad?โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋Š” ์™œ ์Šฌํ”ˆ ๊ธฐ๋ถ„์„ ๋Š๊ผˆ๋‚˜์š”?'
71:52
You can answer by saying, โ€˜He's been feeling sad.โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋Š” ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ์Šฌํผํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
71:55
That's the contraction โ€˜he hasโ€™, he's been feeling sad because his pet died.
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๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ”๋กœ '๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”' ์ˆ˜์ถ•์ด์—์š”. ๊ทธ๋Š” ์• ์™„๋™๋ฌผ์ด ์ฃฝ์–ด์„œ ์Šฌํผํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
72:02
or โ€˜He has been feeling sad because he broke up with his girlfriend.โ€™
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ํ˜น์€ '์—ฌ์ž์นœ๊ตฌ์™€ ํ—ค์–ด์ ธ์„œ ์ŠฌํŽ์–ด์š”.'
72:06
Something like that.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ.
72:08
And โ€˜How has she been doing?โ€™
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  '๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ง€๋‚ด์š”?'
72:11
โ€˜How has she been doing?โ€™
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'๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ง€๋‚ด์š”?'
72:13
I can say, โ€˜She's been doing well.โ€™
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'์ž˜ ์ง€๋‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค'๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
72:16
โ€˜She'sโ€™ is a contraction for โ€˜she hasโ€™.
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'She's'๋Š” 'she has'์˜ ์ถ•์•ฝํ˜•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
72:19
Great job, everyone.
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์ •๋ง ์ž˜ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„.
72:21
Let's move on.
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๊ณ„์† ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
72:22
In this checkup, we will talk about the present perfect continuous tense.
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์ด๋ฒˆ ์ ๊ฒ€์—์„œ๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ์™„๋ฃŒ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์‹œ์ œ๋Š”
72:27
This tense can be used to describe an event
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜์–ด ํ˜„์žฌ์—๋„ ๊ณ„์†๋˜๋Š”
72:30
that started in the past and continues in the present.
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์‚ฌ๊ฑด์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
72:34
Let's take a look.
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ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ๋ณด์ž.
72:35
The first sentence says,
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€
72:38
โ€˜He has _blank_ all week,โ€™
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'He has _blank_ all week'
72:40
And the verb is โ€˜sleepโ€™.
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์ด๊ณ  ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” 'sleep'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
72:42
For this tense, what we do is we first look at the subject, โ€˜heโ€™.
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์ด ์‹œ์ œ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์€ ๋จผ์ € ์ฃผ์–ด 'he'๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
72:47
For โ€˜heโ€™, โ€˜sheโ€™ and โ€˜itโ€™, we put โ€˜hasโ€™.
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'๊ทธ', '๊ทธ๋…€', '๊ทธ๊ฒƒ'์—๋Š” 'has'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
72:52
Then, we add โ€˜beenโ€™. โ€˜has beenโ€™.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ 'been'์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. '๋๋‹ค'.
72:57
Finally we add โ€˜-ingโ€™ to the end.
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ๋์— '-ing'์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
73:00
โ€˜He has been sleeping all week.โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋Š” ์ผ์ฃผ์ผ ๋‚ด๋‚ด ์ž๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.'
73:06
The next sentence says, โ€˜You haven't _blank_ for a year.โ€™
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ 'You have not _blank_ for a year'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
73:11
and the verb is โ€˜travelโ€™.
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๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” '์—ฌํ–‰'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
73:13
Now, this is the negative form.
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์ž, ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ํ˜•ํƒœ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
73:16
So you see the contraction - โ€˜haven'tโ€™.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ˆ˜์ถ•์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค โ€“ 'haven't'.
73:18
โ€˜You have notโ€™ or โ€˜You haven'tโ€™.
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'์•ˆ ํ–ˆ์–ด' ๋˜๋Š” '์•ˆ ํ–ˆ์–ด'.
73:21
Again, what we do after that is add โ€˜beenโ€™.
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๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ทธ ๋’ค์— ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์€ 'been'์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
73:26
Then, do you remember what to do?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ• ์ง€ ๊ธฐ์–ต๋‚˜๋‚˜์š”?
73:30
Add โ€˜-ingโ€™ to the verb.
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๋™์‚ฌ์— '-ing'์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
73:34
โ€˜You haven't been traveling for a year.โ€™
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'๋‹น์‹ ์€ 1๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์—ฌํ–‰์„ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
73:40
Next, it says โ€˜They _blank_ working all day.โ€™
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๋‹ค์Œ์—๋Š” '๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ํ•˜๋ฃจ ์ข…์ผ _๊ณต๋ฐฑ_ ์ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'๋ผ๊ณ  ์ ํ˜€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
73:46
So the verb โ€˜-ingโ€™ has already been provided for you.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋™์‚ฌ '-ing'์€ ์ด๋ฏธ ์ œ๊ณต๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
73:50
Now, take a look at the subject.
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์ด์ œ ์ฃผ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
73:53
The subject is โ€˜theyโ€™.
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์ฃผ์ œ๋Š” '๊ทธ๋“ค'์ด๋‹ค.
73:55
Should we use โ€˜haveโ€™? or should we use โ€˜hasโ€™?
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'๊ฐ–๋‹ค'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”? ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด 'has'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋‚˜์š”?
73:59
The correct answer is โ€˜haveโ€™.
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์ •๋‹ต์€ '๊ฐ–๋‹ค'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
74:03
Then what do you put?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ๋ญ˜ ๋„ฃ๋‚˜์š”?
74:04
Remember, we put โ€˜beenโ€™.
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๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” 'be'๋ฅผ ๋„ฃ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
74:07
โ€˜They have been working all day.โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ํ•˜๋ฃจ ์ข…์ผ ์ผํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.'
74:11
Now if you want to make this negative, you can say,
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์ด์ œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด
74:14
โ€˜They haven't been working all day.โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ํ•˜๋ฃจ ์ข…์ผ ์ผํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
74:18
Now find the mistake in the next sentence.
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์ด์ œ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ ํ‹€๋ฆฐ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ์ฐพ์•„๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
74:21
โ€˜My friends have been watch TV.โ€™
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'๋‚ด ์นœ๊ตฌ๋“ค์ด TV๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ฒญํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.'
74:24
โ€˜My friends have been watch TV.โ€™
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'๋‚ด ์นœ๊ตฌ๋“ค์ด TV๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ฒญํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.'
74:29
What's the mistake?
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๋ฌด์Šจ ์‹ค์ˆ˜์•ผ?
74:30
Remember, we need to add โ€˜-ingโ€™ to the end of the verb.
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๋™์‚ฌ ๋์— '-ing'์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
74:36
So we should say,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
74:38
โ€˜My friends have been watching TV.โ€™
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'๋‚ด ์นœ๊ตฌ๋“ค์ด TV๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์–ด์š”'๋ผ๊ณ 
74:41
Next, โ€˜Sal did talking for 10 minutes.โ€™
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๋งํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ, '์ƒ์€ 10๋ถ„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
74:48
Hmm..
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ํ ..
74:49
Sal is a โ€˜he'.
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Sal์€ '๊ทธ'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
74:51
And โ€˜talkingโ€™ is already there for you.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  '๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ'๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ ๋‹น์‹  ๊ณ์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
74:54
So what's in the middle of those two words is the mistake.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์ด ๋‘ ๋‹จ์–ด์˜ ์ค‘๊ฐ„์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์‹ค์ˆ˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
74:59
For โ€˜heโ€™, we use โ€˜hasโ€™.
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'๊ทธ'์—๋Š” 'has'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
75:02
So we say โ€˜has beenโ€™.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” '์žˆ๋‹ค'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
75:05
โ€˜Sal has been talking for 10 minutes.โ€™
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'Sal์€ 10๋ถ„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๋ˆด์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
75:08
And finally,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์นจ๋‚ด
75:10
โ€˜He has been to eat for an hour.โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋Š” ํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ๋ฐฅ์„ ๋จน์œผ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ”๋‹ค.'
75:13
Hmm..
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ํ ..
75:14
โ€˜He has beenโ€™ That's correct.
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'๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋žฌ๋‹ค' ๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
75:18
However, in this sentence, the base form of the verb โ€˜eatโ€™ was used.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ๋Š” '๋จน๋‹ค'๋ผ๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ณธํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
75:24
Instead, remember we need โ€˜-ingโ€™.
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๋Œ€์‹  '-ing'์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
75:31
This is the correct answer.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ •๋‹ต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
75:33
โ€˜He has been eating for an hour.โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋Š” ํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ์‹์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
75:36
All right, good job. and let's move on to the next practice.
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์ข‹์•„์š”, ์ž˜ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”. ๋‹ค์Œ ์—ฐ์Šต์œผ๋กœ ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐ€๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
75:41
In this practice, we'll take a look at the present perfect continuous tense,
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์ด๋ฒˆ ์—ฐ์Šต์—์„œ๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ์™„๋ฃŒ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ณ ,
75:46
And see how it expresses an action that has been happening recently or lately.
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์ตœ๊ทผ์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ๋˜ ํ–‰๋™์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
75:51
Let's take a look at the first sentence.
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
75:53
โ€˜She has _blank_ bad lately.โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ตœ๊ทผ์— _blank_ ์•ˆ ์ข‹์€ ์ผ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.'
75:58
And the verb is โ€˜feelโ€™.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” '๋Š๋ผ๋‹ค'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
76:00
Remember for โ€˜sheโ€™, we use โ€˜hasโ€™.
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๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”. 'she'์—๋Š” 'has'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
76:04
Then don't forget we need to have โ€˜beenโ€™.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” '์žˆ์—ˆ์–ด์•ผ' ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์žŠ์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”.
76:08
โ€˜She has beenโ€™
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'She has been'
76:10
After that, we add โ€˜-ingโ€™ to the verb.
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์ดํ›„์—๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ์— '-ing'๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
76:17
The correct sentence is,
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์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€
76:19
โ€˜She has been feeling bad lately.โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์š”์ฆ˜ ๊ธฐ๋ถ„์ด ์ข‹์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
76:22
The next sentence says,
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€
76:24
โ€˜We haven't _blank_ much recently.โ€™
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'์ตœ๊ทผ์—๋Š” _๊ณต๋ฐฑ_์„ ๋งŽ์ด ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.' ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
76:28
And the verb is โ€˜cookโ€™.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” '์š”๋ฆฌํ•˜๋‹ค'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
76:30
This is a negative sentence.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
76:32
So we say, โ€˜We have notโ€™ or the contraction - โ€˜haven'tโ€™.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” '์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ถ•์•ฝํ˜•์œผ๋กœ 'ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
76:36
โ€˜We haven'tโ€™ Don't forget โ€˜beenโ€™, and then verb โ€˜-ingโ€™.
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'We Haven't' 'been'์„ ์žŠ์ง€ ๋ง๊ณ  ๋™์‚ฌ '-ing'๋„ ์žŠ์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”.
76:43
โ€˜We haven't been cooking much recently.โ€™
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'์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ตœ๊ทผ์— ์š”๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋งŽ์ด ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
76:48
Finally, we move on, let's try to find the mistake.
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•„๋ณด๋„๋ก ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
76:54
โ€˜We has been riding bikes to school recently.โ€™
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'์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ตœ๊ทผ ์ž์ „๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ํƒ€๊ณ  ํ•™๊ต์— ๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.'
76:59
What's the mistake in this sentence?
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์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ์ ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
77:02
The subject here is โ€˜Weโ€™.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ์˜ ์ฃผ์ œ๋Š” '์šฐ๋ฆฌ'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
77:04
For โ€˜Iโ€™, โ€˜youโ€™, โ€˜weโ€™ and โ€˜theyโ€™, we have to say โ€˜have beenโ€™, not โ€˜has
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'๋‚˜', '๋‹น์‹ ', '์šฐ๋ฆฌ', '๊ทธ๋“ค'์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” '์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค'๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ '์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
77:11
beenโ€™.
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.
77:13
โ€˜We have been riding bikes to school recently.โ€™
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'์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ตœ๊ทผ ์ž์ „๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ํƒ€๊ณ  ํ•™๊ต์— ๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.'
77:19
And for the last one,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ
77:20
โ€˜Jenny lately hasn't been helping me.โ€™
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'์š”์ฆ˜ ์ œ๋‹ˆ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜๋ฅผ ๋„์™€์ฃผ์ง€ ์•Š์•„์š”.'
77:24
The lately is placed wrong in this sentence.
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์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ๋Š” lately๊ฐ€ ์ž˜๋ชป ๋ฐฐ์น˜๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
77:28
We have to say,
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'์š”์ฆ˜ ์ œ๋‹ˆ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜๋ฅผ ๋„์™€์ฃผ์ง€ ์•Š์•„์š”.'๋ผ๊ณ 
77:30
โ€˜Lately, Jenny hasn't been helping me.โ€™
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๋งํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ด์š” . ๋˜๋Š” 'Jenny๊ฐ€ ์ตœ๊ทผ์— ๋‚˜๋ฅผ ๋„์™€์ฃผ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'๋ผ๊ณ 
77:35
or we can also say,
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๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋‹ค์Œ ์ ๊ฒ€์œผ๋กœ ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐ€๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
77:39
โ€˜Jenny hasn't been helping me lately.โ€™
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์ด๋ฒˆ ์ ๊ฒ€์—์„œ๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ์™„๋ฃŒ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ณ 
77:43
Let's move on to the next checkup.
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, ์ตœ๊ทผ์— ๋ฉˆ์ท„
77:45
In this checkup, we'll talk about the present perfect continuous tense
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์ง€๋งŒ ํ˜„์žฌ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”
77:50
and how it expresses an action that stopped recently
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ํ–‰๋™์„ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์—
77:53
but has a present result.
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๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
77:56
The first sentence says,
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€
77:58
โ€˜I _blank_ . That's why I'm so sweaty.โ€™
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'I _blank_'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋•€์ด ๋งŽ์ด ๋‚˜์š”.'
78:01
The verb here is โ€˜exerciseโ€™.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” '์šด๋™'์ด๋‹ค.
78:04
And the subject is โ€˜Iโ€™.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ฃผ์–ด๋Š” '๋‚˜'์ด๋‹ค.
78:06
Do we use โ€˜hasโ€™ or โ€˜haveโ€™ for the subject โ€˜Iโ€™?
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์ฃผ์–ด 'I'์— 'has' ๋˜๋Š” 'have'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
78:10
The correct answer is โ€˜haveโ€™.
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์ •๋‹ต์€ '๊ฐ–๋‹ค'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
78:13
Then, we put โ€˜beenโ€™ and then verb โ€˜-ingโ€™.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ 'been'์„ ๋„ฃ์€ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋™์‚ฌ '-ing'์„ ๋„ฃ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
78:21
Okay, so the correct answer is,
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์ข‹์•„์š”, ์ •๋‹ต์€
78:28
โ€˜I have been exercising.
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'์šด๋™ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”' ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
78:31
That's why I'm so sweaty.โ€™
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋•€์ด ๋งŽ์ด ๋‚˜์š”.'
78:32
That's the result.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
78:34
The next sentence says,
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€
78:36
โ€˜I'm covered in flour because I _blank_.โ€™
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'๋‚˜๋Š” _blank_ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ฐ€๊ฐ€๋ฃจ๋กœ ๋’ค๋ฎ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'๋ผ๊ณ 
78:39
And the verb is โ€˜bakeโ€™.
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๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” '๊ตฝ๋‹ค'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
78:42
Take a look.
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๊ตฌ๊ฒฝํ•˜๋‹ค.
78:43
I have โ€˜I'm covered in flour becauseโ€™
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'๋ฐ€๊ฐ€๋ฃจ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌป์—ˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ'๋ผ๋Š” ๋ง์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
78:47
So this first part is the result.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
78:50
I need to show the action that stopped recently in the present perfect continuous tense.
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์ตœ๊ทผ์— ๋ฉˆ์ถ˜ ๋™์ž‘์„ ํ˜„์žฌ์™„๋ฃŒ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค˜์•ผ ํ•ด์š”.
78:56
Again, the subject is โ€˜Iโ€™.
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์ด๋ฒˆ์—๋„ ์ฃผ์–ด๋Š” '๋‚˜'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
78:58
So we use โ€˜have beenโ€™.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ 'have been'์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
79:02
Then, all we do is add โ€˜-ingโ€™ to the end of baking.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ๋ฒ ์ดํ‚น ๋์— '-ing'๋งŒ ๋ถ™์ด๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
79:08
โ€˜I have been baking.โ€™
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'๋‚˜๋Š” ๋นต์„ ๊ตฝ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.'
79:12
So again,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋˜
79:13
โ€˜I'm covered in flour because I have been baking.โ€™
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'๋นต์„ ๊ตฝ๋‹ค ๋ณด๋‹ˆ ๋ฐ€๊ฐ€๋ฃจ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌป์—ˆ๋‹ค.'
79:17
And we can use the contraction and say,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ถ•์•ฝํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ
79:20
โ€˜I've been baking.โ€™
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'I've been baking'์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
79:22
Now, find the mistake in the next sentence.
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์ด์ œ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ ํ‹€๋ฆฐ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ์ฐพ์•„๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
79:26
โ€˜She has think a lot, so she has a headache.โ€™
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'์ƒ๊ฐ์ด ๋งŽ์•„์„œ ๋จธ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•„ํ”„๋‹ค.'
79:33
Take a look.
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๊ตฌ๊ฒฝํ•˜๋‹ค.
79:35
The result is that โ€˜she has a headache.โ€™
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๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” '๋จธ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•„ํ”„๋‹ค' ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
79:38
So we need to use the present perfect continuous for the first part.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์—๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ์™„๋ฃŒ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
79:42
โ€˜She hasโ€™ is correct.
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'๊ทธ๋…€๋Š”'์ด ๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
79:45
What's missing?
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๋ฌด์—‡์ด ๋น ์กŒ๋‚˜์š”?
79:47
Don't forget the โ€˜beenโ€™.
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'๋์—ˆ๋‹ค'๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์žŠ์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”.
79:50
Also don't forget that we need to add โ€˜-ingโ€™ to the verb.
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๋˜ํ•œ ๋™์‚ฌ์— '-ing'์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ์žŠ์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”.
79:55
โ€˜She has been thinking a lot, so she has a headache.โ€™
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'์ƒ๊ฐ์ด ๋งŽ์•„์„œ ๋จธ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•„ํ”„๋„ค์š”.'
80:02
Look at the next sentence and find the mistake.
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๋ณด๊ณ  ํ‹€๋ฆฐ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ์ฐพ์•„๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
80:05
โ€˜I'm so hungry because I have been diet.โ€™
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'๋‹ค์ด์–ดํŠธ๋ฅผ ํ•ด์„œ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋ฐฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ณ ํ”„๋‹ค.'
80:11
The only mistake here is that someone forgot to put the โ€˜-ingโ€™ at the end of the verb,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์œ ์ผํ•œ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋Š” ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€ 'diet'๋ผ๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ ๋์— '-ing'์„ ๋„ฃ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์žŠ์–ด๋ฒ„๋ ธ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
80:17
โ€˜dietโ€™.
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.
80:19
The correct answer is,
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์ •๋‹ต์€
80:21
โ€˜I'm so hungry because I have been dieting.โ€™
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'๋‹ค์ด์–ดํŠธ๋ฅผ ํ•ด์„œ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋ฐฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ณ ํ”„๋‹ค'์ด๋‹ค.
80:26
Great job, everyone.
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์ •๋ง ์ž˜ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„.
80:28
Let's move on.
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๊ณ„์† ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
80:29
Thank you so much for watching this grammar course on the present tense.
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ํ˜„์žฌํ˜• ๋ฌธ๋ฒ• ๊ฐ•์ขŒ๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ฒญํ•ด ์ฃผ์…”์„œ ์ •๋ง ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
80:34
Now, I want you to watch the next grammar course on the past tense.
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์ด์ œ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐํ˜•์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ• ๊ฐ•์ขŒ๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ฒญํ•˜์‹œ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
80:37
Iโ€™ll see you there.
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๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋ด.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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