PRESENT TENSE | Simple, Continuous, Perfect | Learn English Grammar Course

Hi, everybody.

I’m Esther.

Welcome to the grammar video.

In this video, I will introduce the present tense.

It’s a very important tense for learning English.

In this video, I will introduce the present simple, the present continuous, the present

perfect, and the present perfect continuous tense.

There’s a lot to learn, so keep watching.

And let’s get started.

Hi, everybody.

My name is Esther.

I'm so excited to teach you the present simple tense in today's video.

Now this lesson can be a little difficult,

so I'll do my best to keep it easy and fun for you.

My goal is for you to understand how and when to use this grammar by the end of the video.

Let's get started.

Let's start with the first usage for the present simple tense.

The first usage is pretty easy.

We use it to talk about facts, truths, and generalizations.

Let's look at some examples.

‘The Sun is bright.’

Now that's a fact.

It doesn't change.

Everybody knows that the Sun is bright.

It was bright yesterday.

It's bright today.

And it will be bright tomorrow.

That makes it a fact.

‘Pigs don't fly.’

That's also a fact.

Everybody knows that pigs don't fly.

‘Cats are better than dogs.’

Now this you may not agree with.

This is my truth.

I'm making a generalization about cats and dogs in this example.

And finally, ‘It's cold in winter.’

This really depends on where you live, but for a lot of people, or let's say for

most people, it is cold in the winter,

so that's the truth for some people.

Now let's look back and see what verb I used in the present simple tense.

For the first sentence, we have ‘is’.

I use the ‘be’ verb ‘is’ to talk about the Sun.

In the next sentence, I use the negative of do - ‘do not’

And you'll notice I use the contraction and put these two words together to make it ‘don't’.

‘Cats are better than dogs.’

I use the ‘be’ verb "are" to talk about cats because ‘cats’ is plural.

And finally, it's cold and winter.

Here I use the ‘be’ verb "is" again,

but I use the contraction to combine ‘it’ and ‘is’

and made ‘it’s’.

Let's move on to the next usage.

We also use the present simple tense to talk about habits and routines.

So things and actions that happen regularly.

Let’s look at the examples.

‘I always eat lunch at noon.’

You'll notice I use the adverb ‘always’ because I'm talking about something that I

do regularly.

What is that?

‘Eat lunch at noon.’

So I use the present simple tense.

And here I use the verb ‘eat’.

‘I eat…’

The second example says you play games every day.

Do you see the clue that helps you know that this is something that happens regularly?

It's ‘every day’.

So it's something that happens as a routine or a habit,

so you play games.

The verb here is ‘play’.

‘You play…’

The next example says ‘Seth starts work at 9:00 a.m. daily.’

Again this is something that happens regularly.

‘Seth goes to work at 9:00 a.m.’ every day.

Now you'll notice I put a blue line under the ‘s’ in ‘starts’.

Can you figure out why?

Well remember that when the subject of a sentence is ‘he’, ‘she’, or ‘it’,

we need to add an ‘s’ or ‘es’ to the end of the verb in the present simple tense.

Seth is a ‘he’, so we need to add an ‘s’.

‘Seth starts work at 9:00 a.m. daily.’

And the last example: ‘They study English every Monday.’

Again, ‘every Monday’ means that they do it regularly,

and that's why we use the present simple tense.

‘They study…’.

So as a review, remember we use the present simple tense

to talk about habits and routines that happen regularly.

Let's move on.

We also use the present simple tense with non-continuous verbs.

These are verbs that we don't use in the continuous form,

even if they're happening right now.

They're also called stative verbs.

These are connected with thoughts, opinions, feelings, emotions, and our five senses.

Let's look at these examples.

‘I love my mom.’

The verb here is ‘love’.

That's an emotion, so I use the present simple tense.

‘It smells good.’

‘Smell’ is one of the five senses, so I use the present simple tense.

You'll notice I underlined the ‘s’ because remember the subject is ‘it’.

‘Kelly feels happy.’

This is talking about a feeling.

Again the subject here is ‘Kelly’ which is a ‘she’,

so I added an ‘s’ to the verb.

And finally, ‘They need help.’

We don't say, ‘they are needing help’ even though it's happening right now.

‘Need’ is non-continuous, so we say, ‘they need help’,

so remember you also use the present simple tense with non-continuous verbs,

connected with thoughts, opinions, feelings, emotions, and our five senses.

Let's move on.

Speakers occasionally use the present simple tense to talk about something that will happen

in the near future.

Now this can be a little confusing, but we're not using the future tense,

we're using the present simple tense.

It's possible to do that and it's actually common for people to do that.

Again, for something that will happen in the near future.

Let's look at the examples.

‘I have class at 6 p.m.’

‘6 p.m.’ that's pretty soon, so I can say,

'I have class.'

- the present simple tense.

‘Lisa arrives on Sunday.’

Again the near future, ‘Sunday’.

So I use the present simple tense.

I added an ‘s’ at the end of arrive, because Lisa, the subject, is a ‘she’.

‘We start work soon.’

Again, the near future, ‘soon’,

so I use the present simple verb ‘start’.

And finally, ‘My students come tomorrow.’

This is something that will happen in the near future,

so I use the verb ‘come’.

So remember it is possible, and it is common to use the present simple tense

to talk about something that will happen in the near future.

Let's go to the next usage.

Let's talk about a possible negative usage for the present simple tense,

and that is ‘do not’ and ‘does not’.

The first example says, ‘Mike eats bread.’

I put an ‘s’ at the end of ‘eat’ because the subject is Mike which is a ‘he’.

Now that's not a negative statement.

What happens when I want to turn it into a negative statement?

Well I change it like this - ‘Mike doesn't eat bread.’

So you'll notice that I didn't move the ‘s’ here, okay.

Instead I added ‘doesn't’.

I took ‘does’ and ‘not’ and I turned it into a contraction by combining the two

and making it ‘doesn't’.

So if the subject is ‘he’, ‘she’, or ‘it’,

we use ‘does not’ or ‘doesn't’ to make it negative.

‘You swim well.’

In this case, I don't need to put an ‘s’ at the end of ‘swim’ because the subject

is ‘you’.

If I want to make this sentence negative, I use ‘don't’.

‘You don't swim well.’

I use the contraction for ‘do’ and ‘not’.

I combine them to make ‘don't’,

so if the subject is ‘I’, ‘you’, ‘we’, or ‘they’,

we use ‘do not’ or ‘don't’.

So to review ‘do not’ and ‘does not’ or ‘don't’ and ‘doesn't’

is a possible usage for the negative for present simple

tense.

Let's continue on.

Now I'll talk about one possible question form for the present simple tense

and that is by using ‘do’ or ‘does’.

So let's look at the example, ‘They live here.’

That's not a question, right?

'They live here’

In order to turn it into a question, it's really simple.

All I have to do is add ‘do’ to the beginning and add a question mark at the end.

‘Do they live here?’

So if the subject is ‘I’, ‘you’, ‘we’, or ‘they’,

simply add ‘do’ to the beginning of the question.

How about this one, ‘He plays soccer.’

In this statement, the subject is ‘he’ and that's why you should know by now,

I have an ‘s’ at the end of ‘play’.

However, to turn this into a question, I add ‘does’ at the beginning.

‘Does he play soccer?’

What you'll notice here is that I no longer have the ‘s’ at the end of play.

Instead I just used ‘does’ at the beginning,

so for ‘he’, ‘she’, or ‘it’, put ‘does’ at the beginning,

and don't worry about putting an ‘s’ or ‘es’ at the end of the verb.

So to review, one possible way of forming a question for the present simple tense is

using ‘do’ or ‘does’ at the beginning.

Alright let's move on.

Let's start with the first checkup.

In this checkup, I want you to focus on the ‘be’ verbs.

Remember ‘be’ verbs, in the present simple tense, can be ‘is’, ‘am’, or ‘are’.

Take a look at the first sentence.

It says, ‘She _ blank _ at school.’

The subject of this sentence is ‘she’.

What ‘be’ verb do we use for ‘she’?

The correct answer is ‘is’.

Now if you were thinking of the negative, the

correct answer would be ‘she isn't’

or ‘she is not’.

That's correct as well.

And if we want to use a contraction for ‘she is’, we can say ‘she's at school’

For the next one, it says, ‘They _ blank _ twenty years old.’

The subject of this sentence is ‘they’.

What ‘be’ verb do we use for ‘they’?

The correct answer is ‘are’.

For the negative, you can also use ‘aren't’ or ‘are not’.

Also if you want to use the contraction for ‘they are’, you can say,

‘They're 20 years old.’

The next sentence says, ‘His father _ blank_ busy.’

The subject of this sentence is ‘his father’.

What subject pronoun do we use for ‘his father’?

The correct answer is ‘he’.

Remember for ‘he’, ‘she’, ‘it’, the ‘be’ verb is ‘is’.

For the negative, we can say ‘isn't’ or ‘is not’.

And for a contraction, for ‘father’ and ‘is’, we can say, ‘His father's busy.’

Now I want you to try to find the mistakes in this sentence.

‘We isn't good friends.’

Did you find the mistake?

This is the mistake.

The subject is ‘we’ and the ‘be’ verb is ‘are’.

Therefore, the correct answer is ‘we are not’,

or the contraction, ‘we aren't good friends.’

The next sentence.

Can you find the mistake?

‘Are John a teacher?’

Think about the subject of this sentence.

The subject is ‘John’.

And ‘John’, the subject pronoun is ‘he’.

Therefore, we don't use ‘are’, we use ‘is’.

‘Is John a teacher?’

‘Is John a teacher?’

And finally, ‘It am a puppy.’

hmm This one is a big mistake.

The subject here is ‘it’.

What ‘be’ verb do we use for ‘it’?

The correct answer is ‘is’.

So we don't say, ‘It am a puppy,’ we say, ‘It is a puppy.’

Great job guys.

Let's move on to the next checkup.

For the next checkup, I want you to think of some other verbs in the present simple

tense.

Take a look at the first sentence.

‘He __ blank __ …’, I want you to think of the verb, ‘like his dinner’.

What do we do to the verb when the subject is ‘he’, ‘she’, or ‘it’?

Remember we add an ‘s’.

‘He likes his dinner.’

For the negative, you can also say, ‘He doesn't like his dinner.’

The next sentence says, ‘My students __ blank __…’, I want you to think of ‘need’,

‘…books’.

What is the subject pronoun for ‘my students’?

The correct answer is ‘they’.

If the subject is ‘I’, ‘you’, ‘we’, or ‘they’, in the present simple tense,

we don't change the verb, we keep it as is.

So the correct answer is, ‘My students need books.’

Now for the negative, you can say, ‘My students don't need books.’

The next sentence says, ‘I __ blank __…’, think of the verb,

‘…live in London.’

What do we do here?

Again the subject is ‘I’, therefore we don't change the verb.

The correct answer is, ‘I live in London.’

What's the negative?

‘I don't live in London.’

For the next part, I would like for you to try to find the mistake in the sentence.

‘He doesn't likes math.’

What's the error here?

Well this is a negative.

‘He doesn't…’, that's correct.

However, we do not add an ‘s’ when we have ‘doesn't’ in front of ‘it’.

‘Do he eat candy?’

Here we have a question.

The subject of the sentence is ‘he’.

For ‘he’, ‘she’, ‘it’, when we're making a sentence in the present simple tense,

we use ‘does’ not ‘do’.

So the correct answer is, ‘Does he eat candy?’

And finally, ‘Sam is play computer games.’

There are two present simple verbs here and we can't have that,

so the correct way to fix this sentence is to get rid of the ‘is’.

So take that out and say, ‘Sam plays computer games.’

Add an ‘s’ because the subject is ‘Sam’ which is a ‘he’.

Great job!

Let's move on to the next practice.

For this next practice, we're taking a look at routines.

Remember the present simple tense can be used to describe events that happen regularly.

Let's take a look at the first sentence,

‘We _ blank _ the bus every day.’

And I want you to use the verb ‘take’.

Here we see the clue word ‘every day’ which shows that this is a routine.

The subject of the sentence is ‘we’.

In the present simple tense,

remember if the subject is ‘I’, ‘you’, ‘we’, or ‘they’,

we do not change the verb.

Therefore the correct answer is, ‘We take the bus every day.’

In the second sentence it says, ‘He _ blank _ to school every morning.’

Again a routine.

The subject here is ‘he’.

What do we do if the subject is ‘he’, ‘she’, or ‘it’?

We add ‘s’ or ‘es’ to the verb.

In this example, the verb is ‘go’, so we have to add ‘es’.

‘He goes to school every morning.’

In the next sentence, it says, ‘Lizzy not play (in parenthesis) tennis.’

Here I want you to think about the negative form.

Lizzy is a ‘she’.

The subject pronoun is ‘she’ so what do we do for the negative?

We say ‘does not’ or the contraction ‘doesn't play tennis’.

We do not add an ‘s’ or ‘es’ to the end of the verb.

Instead we say ‘doesn't’ or ‘does not’.

Now I want you to find a mistake in the next sentence.

‘They watches TV at night.’

Can you figure out what's wrong with the sentence?

The subject is ‘they’.

Therefore, remember, we do not change the verb.

We say ‘watch’.

‘They watch TV at night’.

In the next sentence, or question, it says, ‘Does he plays soccer every week?’

The subject of the sentence is ‘he’.

To make a sentence, putting ‘does’ at the beginning is okay,

However, we don't put an ‘s’ at the end of ‘play’.

Therefore, the correct answer is to simply say,

‘Does he play soccer every week?’

And finally, ‘He always forget his book.’

In this case, the subject is ‘he’.

Remember, again, for he/she/it we add 's' or 'es' to the end of the verb.

What's the verb in the sentence?

It's ‘forget’.

Therefore we have to say, ‘He always forgets his book.’

Great job.

Let's move on to the next practice.

In this checkup, we'll take a look at how the present simple tense can be used to describe

future events.

Take a look at the first sentence.

It says, ‘The airplane _ blank _ tonight.’

And we're looking at the verb ‘leave’.

What is the subject of the sentence?

The correct answer is ‘airplane’.

What subject pronoun do we use for ‘airplane’?

It's ‘it’.

Remember in the present simple tense, for ‘he’, ‘she’, ‘it’, we add an ‘s’

or ‘es’ to the verb.

The verb here is ‘leave’ so we simply add an ‘s’.

The correct answer is, ‘The airplane leaves tonight.’

In the second sentence, it says, ‘Does the movie _blank_ soon?’

And we're using the verb ‘start’.

What is the subject of this sentence?

It’s ‘movie’.

And what subject pronoun do we use for movie?

It’s ‘it’.

So it's like saying, ‘Does it _ blank _ soon?’

Well this is a question, so we already have the correct word in the front - ‘does’.

For he/she/it, when we're asking a question, we use ‘does’.

Now all we have to do is use the same verb in its base form,

so ‘Does the movie start soon?’

We do not add an ‘s’ or ‘es’ here.

Finally, it says, ‘Viki _ blank _ tomorrow.’

The subject of the sentence is ‘Vicki’.

‘Vicki’ is a girl so the subject pronoun is ‘she’.

You'll remember now that for… in this case, we put ‘works’.

w-o-r-k-s ‘works’.

‘Vicki works tomorrow.’

Now let's find the mistakes in the sentence below.

‘He do leave at 3:30 p.m.’

Actually there's only one mistake.

Can you find it?

‘He do leave at 3:30 p.m.’

We do not need the ‘do’ here.

We only use ‘do’ in a question or in the negative form.

But also the subject is ‘he’, so we would use ‘does’.

Either way we don't need this here.

Well now we have the verb ‘leave’ with the subject ‘he’.

Do you know what to do?

We simply change this to ‘leaves’.

Just like we did in the first sentence.

‘He leaves at 3:30 p.m.’

In the next sentence, ‘They don't start school today.’

We have a negative sentence.

‘They don't…’, that's correct.

‘…do not’ is correct.

For subject pronoun ‘they’.

However, in the negative form, we don't have to change the main verb at all.

Therefore, all we will do is say, ‘They don't start school today.’

No ‘s’.

Finally, ‘Does we eat at noon?’

Take a look.

What is the subject or subject pronoun in the sentence?

The correct answer is ‘we’.

Think about the question form.

Do we say ‘do’ or ‘does’ in the question form for the subject pronoun ‘we’?

The correct answer is ‘do’.

We say ‘do’.

So the correct way to say this sentence or question is,

‘Do we eat at noon?’

Great job guys.

You're done with the practice.

Thank you for your hard work.

Let's move on.

Good job guys.

You put in a lot of practice today.

The present simple tense is not easy, and I'm really happy to see how hard you guys

worked on mastering it.

Be sure to check out my other videos and thank you for watching this video.

I'll see you next time.

Bye.

Hi, everybody.

I'm Esther.

I'm so excited to be teaching you the present continuous tense in this video.

This tense is used to describe: an action that's happening right now,

a longer action in progress , and something happening in the near future.

There's a lot to learn, but don't worry I'll guide you through it.

Let's get started.

The present continuous tense is used to talk about actions that are happening right now.

For example,

‘I'm teaching English’ and ‘You are studying English.’

Let's take a look at some more examples.

The first sentence says, ‘He is watching a movie’.

We start with the subject and a ‘be’ verb.

In this case, the subject is ‘he’.

For ‘he’ / ‘she’ and ‘it’, we use the ‘be’ verb ‘is’.

Then you'll notice I added an ‘-ing’ to the end of the verb ‘watch’.

‘He is watching a movie.’

The next sentence says, ‘Tim is playing a computer game.’

He's doing that right now.

Tim is a ‘he’, therefore, again we use the ‘be’ verb ‘is’.

And again you'll notice I added ‘-ing’ to the end of the verb.

The next sentence says,

‘The machine is making a noise.’

Now pay attention to the subject, ‘the machine’.

What is the proper pronoun?

The answer is ‘it’, therefore we use the ‘be’ verb ‘is’.

‘The machine is making a noise.’

We can also say, ‘It is making a noise’.

Or the contraction, ‘It's making a noise’.

And finally, ‘Tom and Ben are speaking English’.

In this case, you'll notice that we use the ‘be’ verb ‘are’.

Can you figure out why?

That's because Tom and Ben - the subject pronoun for these two is ‘they’.

‘They are speaking English.’

Let's move on to the next usage.

The present continuous tense is also used to describe a longer action in progress.

Even though you might not be doing the action right now.

Let's take a look at some examples.

The first sentence says,

‘I'm reading an interesting book these days.’

In this case, the subject is ‘I’, so the ‘be’ verb is ‘am’.

In this example, we use the contraction ‘I'm’ by putting ‘I’ and ‘am’ together.

Again, you'll notice there's an ‘-ing’ after the verb.

The next sentence says,

‘You are studying to become an English teacher.’

The subject here is ‘you’,

therefore the ‘be’ verb is ‘are’.

Next, ‘Steven is preparing for the IELTS exam.’

The subject here is ‘Steven’ which is a ‘he’,

therefore we use the ‘be’ verb ‘is’.

And finally, ‘John and June are working at a company.’

If you look at the subject ‘John and June’, the pronoun for that is ‘they’.

That's why we use the ‘be’ verb ‘are’.

‘They are working at a company.’

Let's move on to the next usage.

The present continuous is also used to talk about near future plans.

Let's take a look.

‘She is meeting some friends tonight.’

That's going to happen in the near future.

You'll notice that we have 'she', so the ‘be’ verb is ‘is’.

And then we added an ‘-ing’ to the end of the verb ‘meet’.

The next example says, ‘We are going on vacation in July.’

The subject here is ‘we’, therefore we use the ‘be’ verb ‘are’.

We can also use a contraction and say, ‘We're going on vacation in July.’

Again, another near future plan.

The next example says,

‘David is learning to drive tomorrow.’

‘tomorrow’ is the near future.

‘David’ is the subject.

‘David’ is a ‘he’, so we use ‘is’.

And lastly, ‘Vicki and I are teaching English next week.’

‘Vicky and I’…

If we think about the subject pronoun is ‘we’.

That's why we used ‘are’.

‘We are teaching.’

Let's move on.

Now let's talk about the negative form of the present continuous tense.

I have some examples here.

These two examples are for actions that are happening right now, or longer actions.

These last two are for near future plans.

Let's take a look.

The first sentence says, ‘I am not having fun.’

Now that's not true for me because I am having fun,

but in this example I am not having fun.

You'll notice that the word ‘not’ goes between the ‘be’ verb and the ‘verb

-ing’.

In the second example it says, ‘Jane isn't doing her homework.’

Here we use the contraction ‘isn't’ for ‘is not’,

so just like the first sentence, we put ‘not’ between ‘is’ and ‘verb -ing’.

The next sentence says, ‘You're not seeing him tonight.’

Here we have a contraction for ‘you are’.

‘You're not seeing him tonight.’

And finally, ‘We are not running tomorrow morning.’

Here we have the subject ‘we’, therefore, we use the ‘be’ verb ‘are’.

Don’t forget to add a ‘not’ after that to make it negative.

Let's move on.

Now let's talk about how to form ‘be’ verb questions in the present continuous tense.

The first example here says,

‘Is he waiting for you?’

or ‘Is he waiting for you?’

We start with the ‘be’ verb.

Take a look at the subject though.

The subject is ‘he’ and that's why we start with the ‘be’ verb ‘is’.

‘Is he waiting for you?’

You can answer, ‘Yes, he is.’

or ‘No he isn't.’

The second sentence says,

‘Are you coming to class?’

The subject here is ‘you’ and that's why we start with ‘are’.

‘Are you coming to class?’

You can answer, ‘Yes I am.’ or ‘No, I'm not.’

The next question says, ‘Is he preparing to study in Canada?’

The subject is ‘he’, and so we start with ‘is’.

The answer can be, ‘Yes, he is.’

or it can also be ‘No, he isn't.’

Finally the last question says, ‘Are they going out tonight?’

The subject here is ‘they’, and so we start with ‘are’.

The answer can be ‘Yes, they are.’

or ‘No, they aren't.’

Let's move on.

Now let's talk about the WH question form for the present continuous tense.

I have some examples here

and you'll notice that we start with the WH questions:

what, where, when, who, why, and how.

What comes after?

You'll notice it's the ‘be’ verbs: ‘are’, ‘is’, and if the subject is ‘I’, ‘am’.

So after that you have the subject and then the verb -ing.

Let's take a look at the first sentence.

‘What are you doing?’

I'm asking about right now.

For example, ‘I'm teaching English.’

‘Where are you going?’

‘I'm going to the store.’

‘When is it starting?’

‘It's starting at 3.’

I can be talking about a movie a show anything can be ‘it’.

‘Who is she talking to?’

‘She's talking to Bob.’

‘Why is she crying?’

‘She's crying because she's sad.’

And finally, ‘How is it going?’

‘It's going well.’

For this checkup of the present continuous tense,

we'll look at how this tense can be used to describe an action that's happening right

now.

Let's take a look at the first sentence.

‘You -blank- learning English.’

Remember for this tense, we start with the subject and the ‘be’ verb

and then the verb ‘-ing’.

We already have the verb ‘-ing’ here, so we need the ‘be’ verb.

The subject in the first sentence is ‘you’.

For ‘you’, ‘we’, and ‘they’, we use the ‘be’ verb - ‘are’,

so the correct answer is,

‘You are learning English’ right now.

The next sentence says,

‘She _blank_ not watching TV.’

This is the negative form of the present continuous tense.

We have the word ‘not’ before the verb ‘-ing’,

However, we're missing the ‘be’ verb again.

What is the be verb to use if the subject is ‘she’?

the correct answer is ‘is’.

‘She is not watching TV.’

This one says, ‘I _blank_ studying now.’

The subject here is ‘I’.

Again think of the ‘be’ verb that goes before the subject ‘I’.

The ‘be’ verb is ‘am’.

‘I am studying now.’

We can also use a contraction and say, ‘I'm studying now’

If we wanted to turn this into the negative form,

we can also say, ‘I'm not studying now.’

Now, take a look at the next sentence and find the mistake.

‘Layla is watch a movie.’

Here we have the subject and the subject pronoun for Layla would be ‘she’.

We have the correct ‘be’ verb - ‘is’,

However, you'll notice we forgot the ‘-ing’ at the end of the verb.

We need to say, ‘watching’.

‘Layla is watching a movie.’

The next sentence says,

‘They playing soccer now.’

What's missing?

If you got it the correct answer is we need the ‘be’ verb – ‘are’

because the subject is ‘they’.

‘They are playing soccer now.’

And finally, ‘What do you do?’

If you want to ask somebody what they're doing right now,

you say, 'what’... and the ‘be’ verb – ‘are...

you..

doing?’

‘What are you doing?’

Let's move on to the next practice.

For this checkup we'll talk about the present continuous tense

and how it can be used to describe an action that started in the past and continues today.

It's a longer action.

Let's take a look at the first sentence.

‘He _blank_ studying economics.’

Remember for this tense, we take the subject, a ‘be’ verb, and then verb ‘-ing’.

Here we already have the verb ‘-ing’, ‘studying’.

So what are we missing?

The ‘be’ verb.

The correct ‘be’ verb for the subject ‘he’ is ‘is’.

So, ‘He is studying economics.’

The next sentence says, ‘They're _blank_ for the fight.’

The verb we want to use is ‘train’.

Now we already have the 'be' verb here.

It's in the contraction ‘there’ because it's ‘they are’.

All we have to do now is add ‘-ing’ to the verb.

‘They're training for the fight these days.’

And ‘We _blank_ teaching at the school.’

Again we're missing the ‘be’ verb.

What is the ‘be’ verb for ‘we’?

The correct answer is ‘are’.

‘We are teaching at the school.’

Now let's look for the mistakes in the next sentence.

‘Ben is study to become a doctor.’

Can you find the error?

Well we have the subject and we have the proper ‘be verb’.

What we're missing is the ‘-ing’ at the end of ‘study’.

The correct answer is, ‘Ben is studying to become a doctor’.

Let's look at the next sentence.

‘I don't reading that book.’

hmm

‘I don't reading that book.’

To form the negative in the present continuous, we don't use ‘do’ or ‘does’

We use the ‘be’ verb.

What is the be verb for ‘I’?

The correct answer is ‘am’.

‘I am not reading that book.’

There is no contraction for ‘am not’.

Finally, ‘They are to learn English.’

We have the subject and we have the correct ‘be’ verb,

but remember we need verb ‘-ing’.

Therefore, the correct answer is,

‘They are learning English.’

Let's move on to the next checkup.

For this checkup we'll take a look at how the present continuous tense

can be used to talk about future plans.

Let's take a look.

The first sentence says, ‘They're play a game tonight.’

The verb we want to use is ‘play’.

Remember we start with the subject and here we have it, ‘they’.

Then we have the ‘be’ verb.

In this case we used a contraction for ‘they are – ‘they’re’.

That's correct.

After that we have to add ‘-ing’ to the end of the verb,

so the correct answer is, ‘They're playing a game tonight.’

The next sentence says, 'We _blank_ not studying tomorrow.’

Looks good but there's a word that's missing.

This is the negative form because we have ‘not’.

We simply need the ‘be’ verb for ‘we’.

The correct ‘be’ verb is ‘are’.

‘We are not studying tomorrow.’

The next sentence says, ‘Lynn is _blank_ out tonight.’

and we want to use the verb ‘go’.

Remember 'Lynn' and then the ‘be’ verb – ‘is’.

That's correct.

All we have to do is add ‘-ing’.

‘Lynn is going out tonight.’

To make this negative you can say,

‘Lynn is not going out tonight.’

or ‘Lynn isn't going out tonight.’

The next sentence says, ‘Laura isn't study this evening.’

Can you find the mistake?

Remember we have to add ‘-ing’ to the end of the verb,

so we need to say,

‘Laura isn't studying this evening.’

The next sentence says,

‘My sons will playing chess later.’

We are talking about a future plan,

so you might be tempted to use ‘well’ or ‘will’, I'm sorry.

However, instead of saying ‘will’, we use the ‘be’ verb.

‘My sons are playing chess later.’

And finally, ‘She's not to eating dinner tonight.’

There's an extra word in here that we don't need.

What is it?

It's ‘to’.

Remember, subject - ‘be’ verb, not verb ‘-ing’.

We do not need ‘to’ in this sentence.

All right well that's the end of this checkup.

Let's move on.

Good job, everyone.

You just completed the lesson on the present continuous tense.

This tense is not easy but you did a great job.

And keep watching to learn more.

I know English can be difficult but with practice and effort you will improve.

I promise.

See you in the next video.

Hi, everyone.

I'm Esther.

In this video, I'm going to introduce the present perfect tense.

This tense can be used to talk about an action that happened in the past,

but when it happened is not very important or it’s unknown.

It can also be used to talk about an action that started in the past and continues in

the present.

We really want to emphasize how long that action has been happening.

And finally, we use this tense to talk about a recent action.

There's a lot to learn and a lot of important information, so keep watching.

Let's talk about one usage of the present perfect tense.

This tense can be used to talk about an action that happened in the past.

But when it happened is not important or not known.

However, this action is important to the conversation right now.

Let's take a look at some examples.

The first one says, ‘I have been to Canada.’

What we do here is we start with the subject, ‘I’.

For ‘I’, ‘you’, ‘we’, and ‘they’, we follow with ‘have’.

After that we use the past participle of the verb.

In this case, the verb is ‘be’.

And so the past participle is ‘been’.

‘I have been to Canada.’

The next sentence says, ‘My cousins have seen the movie.’

My cousins is a ‘they’.

And so again, we follow with ‘have’.

And the past participle of see is ‘seen’.

‘They have seen the movie.’

Or ‘My cousins have seen the movie.’

The next example says, ‘Chad has gone home.’

Chad is a ‘he’.

For ‘he’, ‘she’, ‘it’, we follow with ‘has’.

Then, the past participle ‘gone’ is for the verb ‘go’.

‘Chad has gone home.’

And finally, ‘My phone has been fixed.’

My phone is an ‘it’.

Therefore, I use ‘has’.

And then I need the past participle of ‘be’ – ‘been’.

‘My phone has been fixed.’

Let's move on to the next usage.

The present perfect tense is also used to describe an action that started in the past

and continues in the present.

‘for’ and since’ are common expressions used with the present perfect tense.

Let's take a look at these examples.

‘I have worked there since 2002.’

You'll notice we start with the subject.

If it's ‘I’, ‘you’ or ‘we’, we have ‘have’.

Then the past participle of the verb.

In this case - ‘worked’.

What you'll notice here is that we also have ‘since 2002’.

This shows when the action started, so with the expression ‘since’, you need to use

a specific point in time.

The next example does the same thing.

‘You have had a car since last year.’

Again, we use ‘since’, so we have a specific point in time - ‘last year’.

Take a look at the next example.

‘Anna has liked him for weeks.’

In this case the subject is ‘Anna’.

Which is a ‘she’, and so we use ‘has’.

Then the past participle ‘liked’.

However, at the end of the sentence, we see ‘for weeks’.

Not ‘since weeks’.

When we use ‘for’, we talk about the duration.

We explain how long this action has been true.

And finally, ‘We have eaten lunch here for 3 months.’

Again, the sentence ends with ‘for 3 months’.

So we show the duration.

Let's move on to the next usage.

In addition, the present perfect tense can be used to describe an action that recently

stopped.

Let’s take a look at some examples.

‘I have just been to the doctor,’

So just like for all the other usages, we start with the subject,

‘have’ or ‘has’, and the past participle.

But you'll notice here, I used the word ‘just’ between ‘have’ and the verb.

‘I have just been to the doctor.’

This shows that it happened very recently.

The next example says, ‘James has just seen his new baby.’

Again, just goes in between ‘have’ or ‘has’ and the verb.

Take a look at the next example.

It says, ‘She has already been to China.’

‘already’ is another word you can use to show that this action recently happened.

However, ‘already’ can also be moved to the end of the sentence.

So it's perfectly fine to say, ‘She has been to China already.’

And in the last example, ‘We have recently visited Tom.’

Again, you can put this word between ‘have’ or ‘has’ and the verb.

Or you can also put it at the end of the sentence.

‘We have visited Tom recently.’

Let's move on.

Let's take a look at the negative form of the present perfect tense.

Here are some examples.

The first one says, ‘I have not been to Europe.’

What you'll notice in the first sentence is that we simply put a 'not' between ‘have’

and ‘been’.

‘I have not been to Europe.’

You can also use a contraction and say ‘I haven't been to Europe.’

The next sentence says, ‘It has not rained for 3 months.’

Again, we put the ‘not’ between the ‘has’ and the verb.

‘It has not rained for 3 months.’

Here we have a time expression to show the duration.

The next example says, ‘Teddy hasn't driven for 2 years.’

We used the contraction here for ‘has’ and ‘not’ – ‘hasn't’.

And then we use the time expression ‘for 2 years’ at the end of the sentence.

And finally, the last sentence says, ‘My sons haven't played soccer since 2010.’

We see another contraction here for ‘have not’ – ‘haven't’.

‘My sons haven't played soccer since 2010.’

This time expression uses ‘since’.

And so we mention a specific point and time.

Let's move on.

Now let's take a look at the ‘have’ or ‘has’ question form of the present perfect

tense.

Take a look at the board.

The first sentence says, ‘Mike has eaten lunch.’

That is a statement.

Now to turn it into a question, it's quite easy.

All you have to do is put ‘has’ at the beginning.

Then you follow with the subject and then the past participle.

You'll notice that the placement of the past participle doesn't change.

We've simply changed the order of the first 2 words.

‘Has Mike eaten lunch?’

‘Has Mike eaten lunch?’

And you can answer by saying ‘Yes, he has.’ or ‘No, he hasn't.’

The next sentence says, ‘They have watched the video.’

This is a statement.

If we want to turn it into a question, again, we change the order of the first two words.

‘Have they…?’

And the past participle verb stays in the same place.

‘Have they watched the video?’

‘Have they watched the video?’

You can answer this question by saying, ‘Yes, they have.’

or ‘No, they haven't.’

Good job, guys.

Let's move on.

Now, I'll briefly introduce how to ask WH questions in the present perfect tense.

Take a look at the board.

I have ‘where’, ‘what’, ‘who’, and ‘how’.

These go at the beginning of the question.

Let's take a look at the first example.

‘Where has Tim been?’

You'll notice we followed the WH word with ‘has’ or ‘have’.

In this case, I used ‘has’ because the subject is ‘Tim’, and Tim is a ‘he’.

And then we followed that with the past participle of the verb.

‘Where has Tim been?’

And I can answer by saying, ‘Tim has been home.’

or ‘Tim has been on vacation.’

Something like that.

The next question says, what countries have you visited?

I can answer by saying, ‘I have visited China.’

or ‘I have visited Mexico.’

You can also use the contraction ‘I’ve’.

‘I've visited China.’

The next question says, ‘Who has she talked to?’

You can answer by saying, ‘She has talked to her mom.’ or ‘She has talked to her

teacher.’

The next question says, ‘How long have you been married?’

‘I've been married for 3 years.’

That's one answer that you can give.

Great job, everybody.

Let's move on.

For this checkup, we'll take a look at the present perfect tense.

Which describes an action that happened at

an unknown or indefinite time in the past.

Let's look at the first sentence.

‘She _blank_ read that book.’

The subject in this sentence is ‘she’.

For he/she/it, in this tense we say, ‘has’.

‘She has’.

Now, take a look at the verb.

It looks like ‘read’.

But remember we need to use the past participle of the verb.

So It's actually ‘read’.

‘read’ and ‘read’ are spelled the same.

‘She has read that book.’

The second sentence says, ‘They _blank_ visit China.’

‘visit’ is the verb that you want to use here.

For ‘I’, ‘you’, ‘we’ and ‘they’, we use ‘have’.

Not ‘has’.

‘They have’

Now, what's the past participle of visit?

The answer is ‘visited’.

‘They have visited China.’

Next, ‘We _blank_ see that concert.’

Again, for ‘I’, ‘you’, we’ and ‘they’ – we use ‘have’.

‘We have’.

Now, the past participle of ‘see’ is 'seen'.

‘We have seen that concert.’

Now, let's look for the mistake in the next sentence.

‘Rick have been to Cuba.’

Take a look at the subject, ‘Rick’.

Rick is a ‘he’.

So instead of ‘have’, we need to change this to ‘has’.

‘Rick has been to Cuba.’

‘Sally and I hasn't finished work.’

The subject in this sentence is ‘Sally’ and ‘I’.

The pronoun for that is ‘we’.

‘We hasn't finished work.’

That still sounds weird, right?

We have to change this to ‘have not’ or the contraction ‘haven't’.

And finally, ‘I did go to the doctor.’

Now this sentence makes sense, but it's not the present perfect tense.

We have to change it.

Remember, we use ‘have’ for the subject, ‘I’.

But we're not done.

What is the past participle of ‘go’?

It is ‘gone’.

‘I have gone to the doctor.’

Great job.

Let's move on to the next checkup.

In this checkup, we'll talk about the present perfect tense

and how it can be used to describe an action that started in the past and is still true

today.

The first sentence says, ‘I _blank_ known Carly since 1994.’

The subject is ‘I’.

And we already have the past participle of the verb, ‘know’.

Which is ‘known’.

What are we missing?

The correct answer is ‘have’.

For ‘I’, ‘you’, ‘we’ and ‘they’, we use ‘have’ after the subject.

The next sentence says,

‘He has been here _blank_ 2 p.m.’

Now the first part is all there.

‘He has been’.

However, remember that for the present perfect tense,

we use ‘for’ or ‘since’ to talk about how long that action has been true.

In this case, we use ‘since’.

Because 2 p.m. is a specific period in time.

Next it says, ‘She _blank_ liked Tom since June.’

The subject is ‘she’.

And we have the past participle of the verb ‘like’, which is 'liked'.

What are we missing?

Again, we need ‘have’ or ‘has’.

Because the subject is ‘she’...

Can you figure out which one you need?

The correct answer is ‘has’.

‘She has liked Tom since June.’

Now, I want you to find a mistake in the next sentence.

‘I have worked here six months ago.’

Can you find a mistake here?

‘I have worked’ - that's correct.

However, in the present perfect tense, we don't use ‘ago’.

This is talking about more the past.

We want to talk about ‘since’ or ‘for’ instead.

Now ‘six months’ is not a specific time.

So we don't use ‘since’.

Instead, we talk about the duration.

So we need ‘for’.

We'll say, ‘I have worked here for six months.’

Let's take a look at the next sentence.

‘Jen have a cold for two weeks.’

At first glance, this doesn't seem that wrong.

But remember, Jen is a ‘she’.

So we need ‘has’.

‘Jen has’.

But wait a minute, ‘Jen has have a cold’?

That's not right either.

We need the past participle of ‘have’.

What is the past participle?

The correct answer is ‘had’.

‘Jen has had a cold for two weeks.’

And finally, ‘We haven't went home since Friday.’

This one is a little tricky.

The subject is ‘we’.

‘We have... have not’.

That's correct.

The contraction is ‘haven't’.

‘We haven't’.

Now the problem is, we have this verb ‘went’.

That's in the past simple tense.

We need the past participle of ‘go’.

The correct answer is ‘gone’.

‘We haven't gone home since Friday.’

Good job, guys.

Let's move on to the next checkup.

In this checkup, we'll take a look at the present perfect tense.

And how it is used to describe an action that finished recently.

We'll be focusing on the words, ‘just’, ‘already’ and ‘recently’ to show this.

Let's take a look at the first sentence.

‘She has just _blank_ that book.’

And we're using the verb, ‘read’.

Remember, we take the subject, ‘she’.

And for ‘he’, ‘she’ and ‘it’, we say ‘has’.

So that's correct.

Now we need the past participle of ‘read’.

And that is ‘read’.

‘She has just read that book.’

You'll notice I use the word, ‘just’ right before the past participle.

Next it says, ‘They have already’ and the verb is ‘wake up’.

If the subject is ‘he’, ‘she’, or ‘it’, we use ‘has’.

But if the subject is ‘I’, ‘you’, ‘we’ or ‘they’, we use ‘have’.

So that's correct.

‘They have’.

Also we have the word ‘already’ here to show that it happened recently

or that it finished recently.

Now the verb is ‘wake up’.

We need the past participle of ‘wake up’,

and that is ‘woken up’.

So the answer is,

‘They have already woken up.’

The next sentence says,

‘We have recently _blank_ work.’

And the verb is ‘finish’.

‘We have’, that's correct.

And we have the word 'recently' to show when the action finished.

And now we need to find the past participle of the verb ‘finish’.

The correct answer is.

‘We have recently finished, -ed, work.’

Now try to find the mistake in the next sentence.

‘Morty has eaten just.’

This sounds a little strange, right?

That's because ‘just’ needs to come before the verb.

Therefore, the answer is ‘Morty has just eaten.’

The next sentence says, ‘Karen has recently be sick.’

Karen is a ‘she’.

So ‘has’ is correct.

And there we have ‘recently’.

Now we need the past participle of the verb.

‘be’ is our verb and the past participle of ‘be’ is ‘been’.

‘Karen has recently been sick.’

And finally, ‘I have gone already to the dentist.’

This is similar to another question we looked at just before.

‘I have gone already to the dentist.’

The placement of ‘already’ is a little awkward.

So we can say, ‘I have already gone.’

So we can put ‘already’ before the verb,

‘I have already gone to the dentist’

Or we can put this at the end,

‘I have gone to the dentist already.’

Both of those are correct.

Now, good job.

That is the end of the checkup.

Let's move on.

Excellent job, everyone.

You just learned about the present perfect tense.

There was a lot to learn, but you did a wonderful job.

Keep studying English.

I know that It's hard, but you will get better with time, effort and practice.

I'll see you in the next video.

Hi, everyone.

Welcome to the video.

In this video, I’ll introduce the Present Perfect Continuous English Tense.

This tense can be used to talk about an action

that started in the past and continues in the present.

It can also be used to talk about an action that hasn't happened recently.

And finally, it can also be used to talk about an action that recently stopped.

There's a lot to learn, so keep watching.

You can use the present perfect continuous tense

to talk about an action that started in the past and continues in the present.

We want to emphasize duration

and you can do that by using ‘for’ or ‘since’ in your sentence.

Let's take a look at some examples.

‘Charles has been studying English for an hour.’

Take a look at the subject, ‘Charles’.

The subject pronoun for Charles is ‘he’.

And that's why we say ‘has’.

After that, we add ‘been’ and then verb ‘-ing’.

In this case, ‘studying.’

You'll also notice that at the end of the sentence we have for an hour.

That shows how long this action has been happening.

When you use ‘for’, you emphasize the duration. ‘for an hour’.

‘Charles has been studying English for an hour.’

Let's take a look at the next sentence.

‘Lily has been playing the piano for 2 years.’

In this case, Lily is a ‘she’ and that's why, again, we say ‘has’.

You'll notice again, we have ‘been’ and then verb ‘-ing’.

In this case, ‘playing’.

At the end of this sentence, we also used ‘for’.

and then ‘two years’.

So again, we're showing how long this has been happening.

The next sentence is a little different.

‘It has been growing since June.’

So it can be something like a plant.

The plant or it has been growing since June.

Here we use ‘since’, not ‘for’.

What's the difference?

We use a specific point in time with since.

We don't say ‘Since two hours’.

No, we say ‘When the action started since June.’

And finally, ‘Dan and I have been working since 6 a.m.’

The subject pronoun for ‘Dan and I’ is ‘We’.

Therefore we use ‘have’.

At the end of the sentence, we have ‘since 6 a.m.’

Remember that with ‘since’, we talked about a specific point in time when the action

started.

Let's move on.

The present perfect continuous can also be used without emphasizing duration.

In this case, we mean ‘lately’.

This action has been happening ‘lately’,

and so we can use the word ‘lately’ or ‘recently’ to explain this.

Let's take a look at some examples.

‘You have been missing many classes lately.’

You'll notice that at the end of the sentence I use the word ‘lately'

to describe when this action has been happening.

You can also use lately at the beginning of the sentence.

For example, ‘Lately, you have been missing many classes.’

The next example says, ‘Recently, Toby has been running every day.’

In this sentence, we used ‘recently’ at the beginning

to show when does action has been happening.

You can also use ‘recently’ at the end of the sentence.

‘Toby has been running everyday recently.’

In this example, the subject is Toby and so we use ‘has’ after Toby.

Because Toby is a ‘he’.

The next example says, ‘Lately, Dana has been swimming a lot.’

Again, we use ‘lately’ at the beginning of this sentence,

but you can also use it at the end.

Dana is a ‘she’ and so we followed this subject with ‘has’.

And finally, ‘We've been practicing English together recently.’

‘We’ is the subject of this sentence and so we use ‘have’.

Here, we use the contraction ‘We’ve’.

‘We have’ become ‘We've’.

‘We've been practicing English together recently.’

We can put ‘recently’ at the end,

or we can say ‘Recently we've been practicing English together.’

Let's move on.

The present perfect continuous tense and also be used to talk about an action that recently

stopped and has a present result.

Let's take a look at the example.

‘I'm tired because I have been running.’

The second part of the sentence, ‘I have been running’

is using the present perfect continuous tense.

This is the action that recently stopped.

And as a result, ‘I'm tired’.

This is the present result.

What's happening now, because of this.

‘I'm tired.’.

The next example says, ‘The street is wet because it has been raining.’

This is very similar to the first sentence.

Here, we know that it has been raining.

And this action recently stopped.

As a result, in the present, The street is wet.

The street is wet right now because of this action.

The next example says, ‘You don't understand because you haven't been listening.’

You'll notice here that we use the negative.

Here's the contractions, ‘haven't’ or ‘have not’

because of this action, you haven't been listening,

now you don't understand.

In the last example, we switch the order a little bit.

‘I've been studying all night.’

There is the present perfect continuous tense.

This is the action that stopped recently.

And here is the result.

‘Now, I'm exhausted.’

Great job, everyone.

Let's move on.

Let's take a look at the negative form of the present perfect continuous tense.

Here are some examples.

‘I have not been feeling well these days.’

At the end of the sentence we have ‘these days’ to show that this is an action that's

been happening recently.

In the negative form, we have to have ‘not’.

The ‘not’ goes after have or has.

In this case, the subject is ‘I’, so I use ‘have’.

‘I have not been feeling well these days.’

We can also use a contraction ‘haven't’ or ‘have not’.

‘I haven't been feeling well these days.’

The next sentence says, ‘Sue has not been cooking lately.’

We have ‘lately’ at the end of this sentence,

We can also put ‘lately’ at the beginning of the sentence.

The important part of this sentence is to put ‘not’ after ‘has’.

Why did we use ‘has’?

Because the subject is ‘Sue’ which is a 'she'.

For ‘he’, ‘she’, ‘it’, we use ‘has’.

Again, we can use a contraction ‘hasn't’ for has not.

‘Sue hasn't been cooking lately.’

The next sentence says, ‘Jeff hasn't been eating healthy food recently.’

Again, the ‘recently’ can be used at the beginning or end of this sentence.

We have the contestant ‘hasn't’ here for you.

‘hasn't’ is a contraction for ‘has not’.

We have ‘has’ because the subject is Jeff which is ‘he’.

And finally, ‘They haven't been speaking for over a year.’

In this case, ‘for over a year’ shows duration.

Remember with ‘for’, you show how long something has been happening.

In this case, we have a contraction ‘haven't’ or ‘have not’.

Great job, everybody.

let's move on.

Now, let's take a look at how to form the ‘have’ or ‘has’ question

for the present perfect continuous tense.

The first sentence says, ‘He has been reading for an hour,’

Now, to turn this into a question,

all we have to do is change the order of the first two words.

So ‘He has’ becomes ‘Has he’.

‘Has he been reading for an hour?’

You'll notice that the second part of the sentence doesn't change.

‘Has he been reading for an hour?’

To answer, you can simply say, ‘Yes, he has.’ or ‘No, he hasn't.’

The next sentence says, ‘They have been sleeping since 8 p.m.’

Again, the second part of the sentence stays the same,

and in the beginning, we just switch the first two words.

‘They have’ become ‘Have they’.

‘Have they been sleeping since 8 p.m.?’

To answer, you can say, ‘Yes, they have.’

or ‘No. they haven't.’

Great job, everybody.

Let's move on.

Now, let's take a look at how to form WH questions in the present perfect continuous tense.

Here, we have some WH question words.

‘what’, ‘where’, ‘why’ and ‘how’.

Let's take a look at the first question.

‘What have you been doing lately?’

I can answer by saying, ‘I have been working.’

or ‘I have been studying.’

I can also use the contraction ‘I've’.

‘I've been working.’

‘I've been studying.’

The next question says, ‘Where have you been traveling?’

‘I have been traveling in Europe.’

or ‘I've been traveling in Europe.’

‘Why has he been feeling sad?’

You can answer by saying, ‘He's been feeling sad.’

That's the contraction ‘he has’, he's been feeling sad because his pet died.

or ‘He has been feeling sad because he broke up with his girlfriend.’

Something like that.

And ‘How has she been doing?’

‘How has she been doing?’

I can say, ‘She's been doing well.’

‘She's’ is a contraction for ‘she has’.

Great job, everyone.

Let's move on.

In this checkup, we will talk about the present perfect continuous tense.

This tense can be used to describe an event

that started in the past and continues in the present.

Let's take a look.

The first sentence says,

‘He has _blank_ all week,’

And the verb is ‘sleep’.

For this tense, what we do is we first look at the subject, ‘he’.

For ‘he’, ‘she’ and ‘it’, we put ‘has’.

Then, we add ‘been’. ‘has been’.

Finally we add ‘-ing’ to the end.

‘He has been sleeping all week.’

The next sentence says, ‘You haven't _blank_ for a year.’

and the verb is ‘travel’.

Now, this is the negative form.

So you see the contraction - ‘haven't’.

‘You have not’ or ‘You haven't’.

Again, what we do after that is add ‘been’.

Then, do you remember what to do?

Add ‘-ing’ to the verb.

‘You haven't been traveling for a year.’

Next, it says ‘They _blank_ working all day.’

So the verb ‘-ing’ has already been provided for you.

Now, take a look at the subject.

The subject is ‘they’.

Should we use ‘have’? or should we use ‘has’?

The correct answer is ‘have’.

Then what do you put?

Remember, we put ‘been’.

‘They have been working all day.’

Now if you want to make this negative, you can say,

‘They haven't been working all day.’

Now find the mistake in the next sentence.

‘My friends have been watch TV.’

‘My friends have been watch TV.’

What's the mistake?

Remember, we need to add ‘-ing’ to the end of the verb.

So we should say,

‘My friends have been watching TV.’

Next, ‘Sal did talking for 10 minutes.’

Hmm..

Sal is a ‘he'.

And ‘talking’ is already there for you.

So what's in the middle of those two words is the mistake.

For ‘he’, we use ‘has’.

So we say ‘has been’.

‘Sal has been talking for 10 minutes.’

And finally,

‘He has been to eat for an hour.’

Hmm..

‘He has been’ That's correct.

However, in this sentence, the base form of the verb ‘eat’ was used.

Instead, remember we need ‘-ing’.

This is the correct answer.

‘He has been eating for an hour.’

All right, good job. and let's move on to the next practice.

In this practice, we'll take a look at the present perfect continuous tense,

And see how it expresses an action that has been happening recently or lately.

Let's take a look at the first sentence.

‘She has _blank_ bad lately.’

And the verb is ‘feel’.

Remember for ‘she’, we use ‘has’.

Then don't forget we need to have ‘been’.

‘She has been’

After that, we add ‘-ing’ to the verb.

The correct sentence is,

‘She has been feeling bad lately.’

The next sentence says,

‘We haven't _blank_ much recently.’

And the verb is ‘cook’.

This is a negative sentence.

So we say, ‘We have not’ or the contraction - ‘haven't’.

‘We haven't’ Don't forget ‘been’, and then verb ‘-ing’.

‘We haven't been cooking much recently.’

Finally, we move on, let's try to find the mistake.

‘We has been riding bikes to school recently.’

What's the mistake in this sentence?

The subject here is ‘We’.

For ‘I’, ‘you’, ‘we’ and ‘they’, we have to say ‘have been’, not ‘has

been’.

‘We have been riding bikes to school recently.’

And for the last one,

‘Jenny lately hasn't been helping me.’

The lately is placed wrong in this sentence.

We have to say,

‘Lately, Jenny hasn't been helping me.’

or we can also say,

‘Jenny hasn't been helping me lately.’

Let's move on to the next checkup.

In this checkup, we'll talk about the present perfect continuous tense

and how it expresses an action that stopped recently

but has a present result.

The first sentence says,

‘I _blank_ . That's why I'm so sweaty.’

The verb here is ‘exercise’.

And the subject is ‘I’.

Do we use ‘has’ or ‘have’ for the subject ‘I’?

The correct answer is ‘have’.

Then, we put ‘been’ and then verb ‘-ing’.

Okay, so the correct answer is,

‘I have been exercising.

That's why I'm so sweaty.’

That's the result.

The next sentence says,

‘I'm covered in flour because I _blank_.’

And the verb is ‘bake’.

Take a look.

I have ‘I'm covered in flour because’

So this first part is the result.

I need to show the action that stopped recently in the present perfect continuous tense.

Again, the subject is ‘I’.

So we use ‘have been’.

Then, all we do is add ‘-ing’ to the end of baking.

‘I have been baking.’

So again,

‘I'm covered in flour because I have been baking.’

And we can use the contraction and say,

‘I've been baking.’

Now, find the mistake in the next sentence.

‘She has think a lot, so she has a headache.’

Take a look.

The result is that ‘she has a headache.’

So we need to use the present perfect continuous for the first part.

‘She has’ is correct.

What's missing?

Don't forget the ‘been’.

Also don't forget that we need to add ‘-ing’ to the verb.

‘She has been thinking a lot, so she has a headache.’

Look at the next sentence and find the mistake.

‘I'm so hungry because I have been diet.’

The only mistake here is that someone forgot to put the ‘-ing’ at the end of the verb,

‘diet’.

The correct answer is,

‘I'm so hungry because I have been dieting.’

Great job, everyone.

Let's move on.

Thank you so much for watching this grammar course on the present tense.

Now, I want you to watch the next grammar course on the past tense.

I’ll see you there.