Basic English Grammar Course for Beginners | 37 Lessons | Learn with Esther

2,184,574 views ãƒģ 2021-10-20

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āĻ­āĻŋāĻĄāĻŋāĻ“āĻŸāĻŋ āĻšāĻžāĻ˛āĻžāĻ¨ā§‹āĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻ—ā§āĻ°āĻš āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻšā§‡āĻ° āĻ‡āĻ‚āĻ°ā§‡āĻœāĻŋ āĻ¸āĻžāĻŦāĻŸāĻžāĻ‡āĻŸā§‡āĻ˛ā§‡ āĻĄāĻžāĻŦāĻ˛-āĻ•ā§āĻ˛āĻŋāĻ• āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻ¨āĨ¤

00:10
Hi everybody.
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āĻ¸āĻŦāĻžāĻ‡ āĻ•ā§‡āĻŽāĻ¨ āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡āĻ¨.
00:11
Welcome to Beginner 1.
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āĻļāĻŋāĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻžāĻ¨āĻŦāĻŋāĻ¸ 1
00:13
In these videos, I hope to  teach you some basic English.
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-āĻ āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ—āĻ¤āĻŽāĨ¤ āĻāĻ‡ āĻ­āĻŋāĻĄāĻŋāĻ“āĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋāĻ¤ā§‡, āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ•ā§‡ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ›ā§ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻžāĻĨāĻŽāĻŋāĻ• āĻ‡āĻ‚āĻ°ā§‡āĻœāĻŋ āĻļā§‡āĻ–āĻžāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ†āĻļāĻž āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋāĨ¤
00:17
So, these videos are for low level beginners.
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āĻ¸ā§āĻ¤āĻ°āĻžāĻ‚, āĻāĻ‡ āĻ­āĻŋāĻĄāĻŋāĻ“āĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻŽā§āĻ¨ āĻ¸ā§āĻ¤āĻ°ā§‡āĻ° āĻ¨āĻ¤ā§āĻ¨āĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯āĨ¤
00:22
Okayâ€Ļ
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00:22
Now when you watch these videos, I want you to pay attention.
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡...
āĻāĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ¯āĻ–āĻ¨ āĻāĻ‡ āĻ­āĻŋāĻĄāĻŋāĻ“āĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋ āĻĻā§‡āĻ–ā§‡āĻ¨, āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻšāĻžāĻ‡ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻŽāĻ¨ā§‹āĻ¯ā§‹āĻ— āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¨āĨ¤
00:27
Okayâ€Ļ
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00:27
Watch all the videos in the series.
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡â€Ļ
āĻ¸āĻŋāĻ°āĻŋāĻœā§‡āĻ° āĻ¸āĻŦ āĻ­āĻŋāĻĄāĻŋāĻ“ āĻĻā§‡āĻ–ā§āĻ¨āĨ¤
00:30
Okayâ€Ļ
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡...
00:31
Please listen carefully and if there are any words or expressions that you don’t know,
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āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻ—ā§āĻ°āĻš āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡ āĻŽāĻ¨ā§‹āĻ¯ā§‹āĻ— āĻ¸āĻšāĻ•āĻžāĻ°ā§‡ āĻļā§āĻ¨ā§āĻ¨ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ¯āĻĻāĻŋ āĻāĻŽāĻ¨ āĻ•ā§‹āĻ¨ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻŦāĻž āĻ…āĻ­āĻŋāĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻ•ā§āĻ¤āĻŋ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•ā§‡ āĻ¯āĻž āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻœāĻžāĻ¨ā§‡āĻ¨ āĻ¨āĻž,
00:38
please check your dictionary.
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āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻ—ā§āĻ°āĻš āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ° āĻ…āĻ­āĻŋāĻ§āĻžāĻ¨āĻŸāĻŋ āĻĻā§‡āĻ–ā§āĻ¨āĨ¤
00:40
Another thing you should do is repeat after me.
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āĻ†āĻ°ā§‡āĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻœāĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¸ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻ‰āĻšāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°ā§‡ āĻĒā§āĻ¨āĻ°āĻžāĻŦā§ƒāĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻŋ.
00:44
Repeating is a really good practice.
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āĻĒā§āĻ¨āĻ°āĻžāĻŦā§ƒāĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻŋ āĻ¸āĻ¤ā§āĻ¯āĻŋāĻ‡ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ­āĻžāĻ˛ āĻ…āĻ­ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¸.
00:47
Okayâ€Ļ
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡...
00:48
So, I know that some of these videos are hard.
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āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡, āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻœāĻžāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻāĻ‡ āĻ­āĻŋāĻĄāĻŋāĻ“āĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋāĻ° āĻŽāĻ§ā§āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ›ā§ āĻ•āĻ āĻŋāĻ¨āĨ¤
00:51
But please don’t give up.
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āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§ āĻĻāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡ āĻšāĻžāĻ˛ āĻ›āĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻŦā§‡āĻ¨ āĻ¨āĻžāĨ¤
00:54
If you try your best, and watch all of these videos,
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āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ¯āĻĻāĻŋ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ° āĻ¯āĻĨāĻžāĻ¸āĻžāĻ§ā§āĻ¯ āĻšā§‡āĻˇā§āĻŸāĻž āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĻ¨, āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻāĻ‡ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¸ā§āĻ¤ āĻ­āĻŋāĻĄāĻŋāĻ“āĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋ āĻĻā§‡āĻ–ā§‡āĻ¨,
00:58
I know that your English will get better.
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻœāĻžāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ° āĻ‡āĻ‚āĻ°ā§‡āĻœāĻŋ āĻ†āĻ°āĻ“ āĻ­āĻžāĻ˛ āĻšāĻŦā§‡āĨ¤
01:01
Okay, well let’s get started.
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡, āĻšāĻ˛ā§āĻ¨ āĻļā§āĻ°ā§ āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•.
01:11
Hi, everybody and welcome to this video.
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āĻšāĻžāĻ‡, āĻ¸āĻŦāĻžāĻ‡ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻāĻ‡ āĻ­āĻŋāĻĄāĻŋāĻ“āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ—āĻ¤āĻŽāĨ¤
01:14
Now in this video, I want to talk about the difference between consonants and vowels.
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āĻāĻ–āĻ¨ āĻāĻ‡ āĻ­āĻŋāĻĄāĻŋāĻ“āĻ¤ā§‡, āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻžā§āĻœāĻ¨āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻŖ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻ°āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻŖā§‡āĻ° āĻŽāĻ§ā§āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻĨāĻ•ā§āĻ¯ āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ•ā§‡ āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻžāĻ‡āĨ¤
01:21
Now, in the English alphabet,  there are twenty-six letters.
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āĻāĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ‡āĻ‚āĻ°ā§‡āĻœāĻŋ āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻŖāĻŽāĻžāĻ˛āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ›āĻžāĻŦā§āĻŦāĻŋāĻļāĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻŖ āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤
01:26
And in the alphabet, there are five main vowels and one special vowel.
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āĻ†āĻ° āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻŖāĻŽāĻžāĻ˛āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻĒāĻžāĻāĻšāĻŸāĻŋ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ§āĻžāĻ¨ āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻ°āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻŖ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇ āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻ°āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻŖ āĻ°āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤
01:34
And the rest are consonants.
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āĻ†āĻ° āĻŦāĻžāĻ•āĻŋāĻ—ā§āĻ˛ā§‹ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻžā§āĻœāĻ¨āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻŖāĨ¤
01:37
So, let’s look at the board.
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āĻ¸ā§āĻ¤āĻ°āĻžāĻ‚, āĻāĻ° āĻŦā§‹āĻ°ā§āĻĄ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ•āĻžāĻ¨.
01:39
Here’s the alphabet.
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āĻāĻ–āĻžāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻŖāĻŽāĻžāĻ˛āĻž āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
01:41
The first letter, ‘a’, is a vowel.
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āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽ āĻ…āĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻ°, 'a', āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻ°āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻŖāĨ¤
01:47
The next letter, ‘b’, is a consonant.
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āĻĒāĻ°āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§€ āĻ…āĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻ°, 'b' āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻžā§āĻœāĻ¨āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻŖāĨ¤
01:51
‘c’ is a consonant.
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'c' āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻžā§āĻœāĻ¨āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻŖāĨ¤
01:54
‘d’ consonant.
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'd' āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻžā§āĻœāĻ¨āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻŖāĨ¤
01:56
‘e’ is a vowel.
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'e' āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻ°āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻŖāĨ¤
02:01
Then, ‘f’, is a consonant.
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āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻĒāĻ°, 'āĻš' āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻžā§āĻœāĻ¨āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻŖāĨ¤
02:04
‘g’ consonant.
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'g' āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻžā§āĻœāĻ¨āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻŖāĨ¤
02:07
‘h’ consonant.
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'h' āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻžā§āĻœāĻ¨āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻŖāĨ¤
02:09
‘i’ is another vowel.
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'i' āĻ†āĻ°ā§‡āĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻ°āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻŖāĨ¤
02:14
‘j’ is a consonant.
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'j' āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻžā§āĻœāĻ¨āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻŖāĨ¤
02:16
‘k’ consonant.
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'k' āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻžā§āĻœāĻ¨āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻŖāĨ¤
02:19
‘l’, ‘m’, ‘n’ are consonants.
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'l', 'm', 'n' āĻšāĻ˛ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻžā§āĻœāĻ¨āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻŖāĨ¤
02:25
‘o’ is another vowel.
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'o' āĻ†āĻ°ā§‡āĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻ°āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻŖāĨ¤
02:29
‘p’, ‘q’, ‘r’, ’s’ and ‘t’, these are all consonants.
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'p', 'q', 'r', 's' āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ 't', āĻāĻ—ā§āĻ˛ā§‹ āĻ¸āĻŦāĻ‡ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻžā§āĻœāĻ¨āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻŖāĨ¤
02:41
‘u’ is the last main vowel.
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'u' āĻļā§‡āĻˇ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ§āĻžāĻ¨ āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻ°āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻŖāĨ¤
02:46
‘v’ consonant.
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'v' āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻžā§āĻœāĻ¨āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻŖāĨ¤
02:48
‘w’ consonant.
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'w' āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻžā§āĻœāĻ¨āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻŖāĨ¤
02:50
‘x’ consonant.
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'x' āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻžā§āĻœāĻ¨āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻŖāĨ¤
02:55
‘y’ is the special vowel.
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'y' āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇ āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻ°āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻŖāĨ¤
02:58
And we’ll talk about that more later on.
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āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ•ā§‡ āĻĒāĻ°ā§‡ āĻ†āĻ°āĻ“ āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āĻŦāĻ˛āĻŦāĨ¤
03:00
And ‘z’ is the last letter, and it is a consonant.
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āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ 'z' āĻļā§‡āĻˇ āĻ…āĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻ°, āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻžā§āĻœāĻ¨āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻŖāĨ¤
03:05
Okay, so, there are twenty-six  letters in the alphabet.
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡, āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡, āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻŖāĻŽāĻžāĻ˛āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ›āĻžāĻŦā§āĻŦāĻŋāĻļāĻŸāĻŋ āĻ…āĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻ° āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤
03:09
There are five main vowels.
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āĻĒāĻžāĻāĻšāĻŸāĻŋ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ§āĻžāĻ¨ āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻ°āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻŖ āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤
03:12
One special vowel.
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āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇ āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻ°āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻŖāĨ¤
03:15
And the rest are consonant.
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āĻ†āĻ° āĻŦāĻžāĻ•āĻŋāĻ—ā§āĻ˛ā§‹ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻžā§āĻœāĻ¨āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻŖāĨ¤
03:17
Okay, let’s move on to the next part.
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡, āĻāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§€ āĻ…āĻ‚āĻļā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•āĨ¤
03:21
Let’s look at some words.
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āĻ†āĻ¸ā§āĻ¨ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ›ā§ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻŋāĨ¤
03:23
Now all English words have vowels.
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āĻāĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ¸āĻŦ āĻ‡āĻ‚āĻ°ā§‡āĻœāĻŋ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻ° āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤
03:26
Maybe one or many vowels.
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āĻšāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡ āĻāĻ• āĻŦāĻž āĻāĻ•āĻžāĻ§āĻŋāĻ• āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻ°āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻŖāĨ¤
03:29
So, let’s look at these words.
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āĻ¸ā§āĻ¤āĻ°āĻžāĻ‚, āĻ†āĻ¸ā§āĻ¨ āĻāĻ‡ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ•āĻžāĻ¨.
03:31
The first word is “cat”.
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āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻāĻŸāĻŋ "āĻŦāĻŋāĻĄāĻŧāĻžāĻ˛"āĨ¤
03:33
Okay, we have ‘c’ is a consonant.
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡, āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻ•āĻžāĻ›ā§‡ 'c' āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻžā§āĻœāĻ¨āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻŖāĨ¤
03:37
‘a’ a vowel.
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'a' āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻ°āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻŖāĨ¤
03:38
‘t’ consonant.
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't' āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻžā§āĻœāĻ¨āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻŖāĨ¤
03:41
“Egg”.
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"āĻĄāĻŋāĻŽ"āĨ¤
03:42
‘e’ is a vowel.
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'e' āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻ°āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻŖāĨ¤
03:44
And ‘g’, ‘g’.
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āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ 'g', 'g'āĨ¤
03:46
‘g’ is a consonant.
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'g' āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻžā§āĻœāĻ¨āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻŖāĨ¤
03:48
“Hit”.
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"āĻšāĻŋāĻŸ"āĨ¤
03:49
‘h’ is a consonant.
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'h' āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻžā§āĻœāĻ¨āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻŖāĨ¤
03:51
‘i’ a vowel.
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'āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ' āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻ°āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻŖāĨ¤
03:53
And ‘t’ a consonant.
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āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ 't' āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻžā§āĻœāĻ¨āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻŖāĨ¤
03:56
“Top”.
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"āĻļā§€āĻ°ā§āĻˇ"āĨ¤
03:57
‘t’ is a consonant.
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't' āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻžā§āĻœāĻ¨āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻŖāĨ¤
03:59
‘o’ is a vowel.
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'o' āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻ°āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻŖāĨ¤
04:01
And ‘p’ a consonant.
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āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ 'p' āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻžā§āĻœāĻ¨āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻŖāĨ¤
04:04
The last word is “cut”.
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āĻļā§‡āĻˇ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻāĻŸāĻŋ "āĻ•āĻžāĻŸ"āĨ¤
04:06
‘c’ is a consonant.
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'c' āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻžā§āĻœāĻ¨āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻŖāĨ¤
04:08
‘u’ a vowel.
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'u' āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻ°āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻŖāĨ¤
04:10
And ‘t’ a consonant.
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āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ 't' āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻžā§āĻœāĻ¨āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻŖāĨ¤
04:13
So, we have the main vowels: ‘a’, ’e’, ‘i’, ‘o’, ‘u’.
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āĻ¸ā§āĻ¤āĻ°āĻžāĻ‚, āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ§āĻžāĻ¨ āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻ° āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡: 'a', 'e', ​​'i', 'o', 'u'āĨ¤
04:20
Now, I said ‘y’ is a special vowel.
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āĻāĻ–āĻ¨, āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ˛āĻžāĻŽ 'y' āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇ āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻ°āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻŖāĨ¤
04:25
That’s because sometimes it’s a vowel and sometimes it’s a consonant.
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āĻāĻ° āĻ•āĻžāĻ°āĻŖ āĻ•āĻ–āĻ¨āĻ“ āĻ•āĻ–āĻ¨āĻ“ āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻ°āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻŖ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ•āĻ–āĻ¨āĻ“ āĻ•āĻ–āĻ¨āĻ“ āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻžā§āĻœāĻ¨āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻŖāĨ¤
04:30
So, let’s look.
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āĻ¸ā§āĻ¤āĻ°āĻžāĻ‚, āĻāĻ° āĻ¤āĻžāĻ•āĻžāĻ¨.
04:32
In the word, “why”,
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"āĻ•ā§‡āĻ¨" āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻā§‡,
04:35
the letter ‘y’ sounds like ‘i’.
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'y' āĻ…āĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻ°āĻŸāĻŋ 'i'-āĻāĻ° āĻŽāĻ¤ā§‹ āĻļā§‹āĻ¨āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤
04:38
“Why”.
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"āĻ•ā§‡āĻ¨"āĨ¤
04:40
So, it is a vowel.
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āĻ¸ā§āĻ¤āĻ°āĻžāĻ‚, āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻ°āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻŖāĨ¤
04:44
“Bicycle”.
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"āĻ¸āĻžāĻ‡āĻ•ā§‡āĻ˛"āĨ¤
04:46
The letter ‘y’ sounds like ‘i’.
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'y' āĻ…āĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻ°āĻŸāĻŋ 'i'-āĻāĻ° āĻŽāĻ¤ā§‹ āĻļā§‹āĻ¨āĻžāĻšā§āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤
04:48
“Bicycle”.
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"āĻ¸āĻžāĻ‡āĻ•ā§‡āĻ˛"āĨ¤
04:50
‘i’ is the letter ‘i’, right, it sounds like the letter ‘i’.
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'i' āĻšāĻ˛ 'i' āĻ…āĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻ°, āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡, āĻāĻŸāĻž 'i' āĻ…āĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻ°ā§‡āĻ° āĻŽāĻ¤ā§‹ āĻļā§‹āĻ¨āĻžāĻšā§āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤
04:55
So, in this case ‘y’ is also a vowel.
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āĻ¸ā§āĻ¤āĻ°āĻžāĻ‚, āĻāĻ•ā§āĻˇā§‡āĻ¤ā§āĻ°ā§‡ 'y'āĻ“ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻ°āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻŖāĨ¤
05:00
“Pretty”.
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"āĻ¸ā§āĻ¨ā§āĻĻāĻ°"āĨ¤
05:02
“Pretty”.
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"āĻ¸ā§āĻ¨ā§āĻĻāĻ°"āĨ¤
05:03
‘y’ sounds like ‘e’.
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'y' āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ 'e' āĻāĻ° āĻŽāĻ¤ā§‹āĨ¤
05:05
Okayâ€Ļ
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡...
05:06
“Pretty”.
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05:06
So, it’s a vowel.
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"āĻ¸ā§āĻ¨ā§āĻĻāĻ°"āĨ¤
āĻ¸ā§āĻ¤āĻ°āĻžāĻ‚, āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻ°āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻŖāĨ¤
05:09
Now, in the last two words,
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āĻāĻ–āĻ¨, āĻļā§‡āĻˇ āĻĻā§āĻŸāĻŋ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ,
05:13
“you” and “yes”, the letter ‘y’ is a consonant.
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“āĻ¤ā§āĻŽāĻŋ” āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ “āĻšā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻâ€, 'y' āĻ…āĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻ°āĻŸāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻžā§āĻœāĻ¨āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻŖāĨ¤
05:18
Usually, if ‘y’ comes at the beginning of a word,
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āĻ¸āĻžāĻ§āĻžāĻ°āĻŖāĻ¤, āĻ¯āĻĻāĻŋ āĻ•ā§‹āĻ¨ā§‹ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻļā§āĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§‡ 'y' āĻ†āĻ¸ā§‡,
05:22
or if it makes a /u/ sound,
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āĻ…āĻĨāĻŦāĻž āĻ¯āĻĻāĻŋ āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ /u/ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡,
05:25
for example, “you”, “yes”,
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āĻ‰āĻĻāĻžāĻšāĻ°āĻŖāĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻ°ā§‚āĻĒ, "āĻ¤ā§āĻŽāĻŋ", "āĻšā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ",
05:28
it is a consonant. Okayâ€Ļ
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āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻžā§āĻœāĻ¨āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻŖāĨ¤ āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡â€Ļ
05:32
So again, five main vowels: ‘a’, ’e’, ’i’, ’o’, ’u’.
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āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻ†āĻŦāĻžāĻ°, āĻĒāĻžāĻāĻšāĻŸāĻŋ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ§āĻžāĻ¨ āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻ°: 'a', 'e', ​​'i', 'o', 'u'āĨ¤
05:39
And ‘y’ the special vowel.
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āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ 'y' āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇ āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻ°āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻŖāĨ¤
05:42
Now to help us remember vowels, we can say, “a, e, i, o, u and sometimes y.”
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āĻāĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻ°āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻŖāĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋ āĻŽāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ°āĻžāĻ–āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ¸āĻžāĻšāĻžāĻ¯ā§āĻ¯ āĻ•āĻ°āĻžāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯, āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°āĻŋ, "a, e, i, o, u āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ•āĻ–āĻ¨āĻ“ āĻ•āĻ–āĻ¨āĻ“ yāĨ¤"
05:51
Okay, repeat again after me.
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡, āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°ā§‡ āĻ†āĻŦāĻžāĻ° āĻĒā§āĻ¨āĻ°āĻžāĻŦā§ƒāĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻŋ āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻ¨āĨ¤
05:54
“a, e, i, o, u and sometimes y.”
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"a, e, i, o, u āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ•āĻ–āĻ¨āĻ“ āĻ•āĻ–āĻ¨āĻ“ yāĨ¤"
05:58
One more time, faster.
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āĻ†āĻ°āĻ“ āĻāĻ•āĻŦāĻžāĻ°, āĻĻā§āĻ°ā§āĻ¤āĨ¤
06:00
“a, e, i, o, u and sometimes y.”
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"a, e, i, o, u āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ•āĻ–āĻ¨āĻ“ āĻ•āĻ–āĻ¨āĻ“ yāĨ¤"
06:04
Okay, and that’s the end of this video. Thank you.
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡, āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻāĻ‡ āĻ­āĻŋāĻĄāĻŋāĻ“ āĻļā§‡āĻˇ. āĻ§āĻ¨ā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻžāĻĻ.
06:16
Hi everybody and welcome to this video.
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āĻšāĻžāĻ‡ āĻ¸āĻŦāĻžāĻ‡āĻ•ā§‡ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻāĻ‡ āĻ­āĻŋāĻĄāĻŋāĻ“āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ—āĻ¤āĻŽāĨ¤
06:19
In this video, we’re going to  talk about using ‘a’ or ‘an’.
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āĻāĻ‡ āĻ­āĻŋāĻĄāĻŋāĻ“āĻ¤ā§‡, āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž 'a' āĻŦāĻž 'an' āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻžāĻ° āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻšā§āĻ›āĻŋāĨ¤
06:24
Okay.
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
06:25
We use ‘a’ or ‘an’ in front of nouns.
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§āĻ¯ā§‡āĻ° āĻ¸āĻžāĻŽāĻ¨ā§‡ 'a' āĻŦāĻž 'an' āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋāĨ¤
06:29
Well, what is a noun?
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āĻ†āĻšā§āĻ›āĻž, āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§āĻ¯ āĻ•āĻŋ?
06:31
A noun is a person, place, thing, or animal.
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āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§āĻ¯ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻ•ā§āĻ¤āĻŋ, āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻ¨, āĻœāĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¸, āĻŦāĻž āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻžāĻŖā§€.
06:37
Okay, so let’s look at the board.
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡, āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻŦā§‹āĻ°ā§āĻĄ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ•āĻžāĻ¨.
06:40
The first noun we have is “banana”.
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻ•āĻžāĻ›ā§‡ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§āĻ¯āĻŸāĻŋ āĻšāĻ˛ "āĻ•āĻ˛āĻž"āĨ¤
06:44
“banana”, starts with the consonant ‘b’.
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"āĻ•āĻ˛āĻž", āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻžā§āĻœāĻ¨āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻŖ 'b' āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻļā§āĻ°ā§ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤
06:48
So, we put “a banana”.
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āĻ¸ā§āĻ¤āĻ°āĻžāĻ‚, āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž "āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ•āĻ˛āĻž" āĻ°āĻžāĻ–āĻŋāĨ¤
06:51
“a banana”.
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"āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ•āĻ˛āĻž".
06:53
Look at the next word. “Apple”.
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āĻĒāĻ°ā§‡āĻ° āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ•āĻžāĻ¨. "āĻ†āĻĒā§‡āĻ˛"āĨ¤
06:56
In this case, the first letter is ‘a’.
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āĻāĻ‡ āĻ•ā§āĻˇā§‡āĻ¤ā§āĻ°ā§‡, āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽ āĻ…āĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻ° 'āĻ•'āĨ¤
07:00
‘a’ is a vowel.
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'a' āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻ°āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻŖāĨ¤
07:02
Remember the vowels are a, e, i, o, u,
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āĻŽāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ°āĻžāĻ–āĻŦā§‡āĻ¨ āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻ°āĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋ a, e, i, o, u,
07:07
so we have to put ‘an’.
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āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° 'an' āĻŦāĻ¸āĻžāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻŦā§‡āĨ¤
07:09
“an apple”.
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"āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ†āĻĒā§‡āĻ˛".
07:12
“cat”. Hmmm.
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"āĻŦāĻŋāĻĄāĻŧāĻžāĻ˛"āĨ¤ āĻšā§āĻŽāĻŽāĨ¤
07:14
The first letter, ‘c’, is a consonant.
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āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽ āĻ…āĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻ° 'āĻ—' āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻžā§āĻœāĻ¨āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻŖāĨ¤
07:18
So, should we put, ‘a’ or ‘an’?
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āĻ¸ā§āĻ¤āĻ°āĻžāĻ‚, āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž 'a' āĻŦāĻž 'an' āĻ˛āĻžāĻ—āĻžāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻŦā§‡?
07:21
Remember, if it’s a consonant, we have to put ‘a’.
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āĻŽāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ°āĻžāĻ–āĻŦā§‡āĻ¨, āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻžā§āĻœāĻ¨āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻŖ āĻšāĻ˛ā§‡, āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° 'a' āĻŦāĻ¸āĻžāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻŦā§‡āĨ¤
07:26
“a cat”.
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"āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻĄāĻŧāĻžāĻ˛".
07:28
The next word, “boy”.
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āĻĒāĻ°ā§‡āĻ° āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ, "āĻ›ā§‡āĻ˛ā§‡"āĨ¤
07:31
Again, the word starts with a consonant: ‘b’.
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āĻ†āĻŦāĻžāĻ°, āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻžā§āĻœāĻ¨āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻŖ āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻļā§āĻ°ā§ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧ: 'āĻŦāĻŋ'āĨ¤
07:36
So, we have to say, “a boy”.
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āĻ¸ā§āĻ¤āĻ°āĻžāĻ‚, āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻŦā§‡, "āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ›ā§‡āĻ˛ā§‡"āĨ¤
07:40
The next word, “egg”, has the letter ‘e’ in front.
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āĻĒāĻ°āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§€ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ, “āĻĄāĻŋāĻŽâ€-āĻāĻ° āĻ¸āĻžāĻŽāĻ¨ā§‡ 'āĻ‡' āĻ…āĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻ° āĻ°āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤
07:45
‘e’ is a vowel.
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'e' āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻ°āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻŖāĨ¤
07:47
So, what do we put?
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āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡, āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ•āĻŋ āĻ°āĻžāĻ–āĻŦ?
07:49
We put ‘an’.
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž 'āĻ†āĻ¨' āĻ°āĻžāĻ–āĻŋāĨ¤
07:51
If we read it, it sounds like “an egg.”
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āĻ¯āĻĻāĻŋ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻĒāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋ, āĻāĻŸāĻŋ "āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻĄāĻŋāĻŽ" āĻāĻ° āĻŽāĻ¤ā§‹ āĻļā§‹āĻ¨āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤
07:54
“an egg”.
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"āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻĄāĻŋāĻŽ".
07:56
Okay, and the last word is “ant”.
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡, āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻļā§‡āĻˇ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻāĻŸāĻŋ "āĻĒāĻŋāĻāĻĒāĻĄāĻŧāĻž"āĨ¤
07:59
“ant” starts with the vowel ‘a’.
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"āĻĒāĻŋāĻāĻĒāĻĄāĻŧāĻž" āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻ°āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻŖ 'a' āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻļā§āĻ°ā§ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤
08:02
So again, we must putâ€Ļâ€Ļ”an ant”.
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āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻ†āĻŦāĻžāĻ°, āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻ…āĻŦāĻļā§āĻ¯āĻ‡..."āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻĒāĻŋāĻāĻĒāĻĄāĻŧāĻž" āĻ˛āĻžāĻ—āĻžāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻŦā§‡āĨ¤
08:07
“an ant”.
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"āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻĒāĻŋāĻĒā§€āĻ˛āĻŋāĻ•āĻž".
08:08
Now, let’s go through these words together.
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āĻāĻ–āĻ¨, āĻ†āĻ¸ā§āĻ¨ āĻāĻ•āĻ¸āĻžāĻĨā§‡ āĻāĻ‡ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻāĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋāĻ° āĻŽāĻ§ā§āĻ¯ āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•āĨ¤
08:12
“a banana”. “a banana”.
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"āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ•āĻ˛āĻž". "āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ•āĻ˛āĻž".
08:17
“an apple”. “an apple”.
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"āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ†āĻĒā§‡āĻ˛". "āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ†āĻĒā§‡āĻ˛".
08:21
Keep in mind that when you have ‘an’ in front,
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āĻŽāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ°āĻžāĻ–āĻŦā§‡āĻ¨ āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻ¯āĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ° āĻ¸āĻžāĻŽāĻ¨ā§‡ 'an' āĻĨāĻžāĻ•ā§‡,
08:24
it has to sound like almost one word.
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āĻ¤āĻ–āĻ¨ āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻŽāĻ¤ā§‹ āĻļā§‹āĻ¨āĻžāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤
08:28
“an apple”. “an apple”.
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"āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ†āĻĒā§‡āĻ˛". "āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ†āĻĒā§‡āĻ˛".
08:31
“a cat”. “a cat”.
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"āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻĄāĻŧāĻžāĻ˛". "āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻĄāĻŧāĻžāĻ˛".
08:34
“a boy”. “a boy”.
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"āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ›ā§‡āĻ˛ā§‡"āĨ¤ "āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ›ā§‡āĻ˛ā§‡"āĨ¤
08:36
“an egg”. “an egg”.
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"āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻĄāĻŋāĻŽ". "āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻĄāĻŋāĻŽ".
08:39
“an egg”.
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"āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻĄāĻŋāĻŽ".
08:40
Again, it sounds like one word.
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āĻ†āĻŦāĻžāĻ°, āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻŽāĻ¤ āĻļā§‹āĻ¨āĻžāĻšā§āĻ›ā§‡.
08:42
"an egg". 
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"āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻĄāĻŋāĻŽ".
08:43
"an ant" "an ant"
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"āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻĒāĻŋāĻāĻĒāĻĄāĻŧāĻž" "āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻĒāĻŋāĻāĻĒāĻĄāĻŧāĻž"
08:46
"an ant"
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"āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻĒāĻŋāĻāĻĒāĻĄāĻŧāĻž"
08:48
Okay. Let’s move on the next part.
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤ āĻāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§€ āĻ…āĻ‚āĻļā§‡ āĻšāĻ˛ā§āĻ¨.
08:51
Okay, let’s do some extra practice.
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡, āĻāĻ° āĻ•āĻŋāĻ›ā§ āĻ…āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ°āĻŋāĻ•ā§āĻ¤ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻļā§€āĻ˛āĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•.
08:53
Ahhh, I have some nouns on the board.
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āĻ†āĻšāĻš, āĻŦā§‹āĻ°ā§āĻĄā§‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻŋāĻ›ā§ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§āĻ¯ āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤
08:57
Remember, a noun is a person, place, thing or animal.
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āĻŽāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ°āĻžāĻ–āĻŦā§‡āĻ¨, āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§āĻ¯ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻ•ā§āĻ¤āĻŋ, āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻ¨, āĻœāĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¸ āĻŦāĻž āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻžāĻŖā§€āĨ¤
09:03
So let’s go through them one by one.
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āĻ¸ā§āĻ¤āĻ°āĻžāĻ‚ āĻ†āĻ¸ā§āĻ¨ āĻāĻ•ā§‡āĻ° āĻĒāĻ° āĻāĻ• āĻ¤āĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻŽāĻžāĻ§ā§āĻ¯āĻŽā§‡ āĻ¯ā§‡āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¨.
09:06
“a book”, “book” is a thing.
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"āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻ‡", "āĻŦāĻ‡" āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻœāĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¸āĨ¤
09:09
It’s a thing that we read.
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āĻāĻŸāĻž āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻž āĻœāĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¸ āĻ¯āĻž āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻĒāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋāĨ¤
09:11
“park”, is a place. It’s a place we go.
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"āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ•", āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻœāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĻ—āĻžāĨ¤ āĻāĻŸāĻž āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ¯ā§‡āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻœāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĻ—āĻž.
09:15
“umbrella” is a thing.
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"āĻ›āĻžāĻ¤āĻž" āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻœāĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¸āĨ¤
09:16
Right. Umbrella is a thing that we use when it’s raining.
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ•āĨ¤ āĻ›āĻžāĻ¤āĻž āĻāĻŽāĻ¨ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻœāĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¸ āĻ¯āĻž āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻŦā§ƒāĻˇā§āĻŸāĻŋāĻ° āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋāĨ¤
09:20
“elephant”. “elephant” is an animal.
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"āĻšāĻžāĻ¤āĻŋ"āĨ¤ "āĻšāĻžāĻ¤āĻŋ" āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻžāĻŖā§€āĨ¤
09:24
“doctor”. “doctor” is a person.
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"āĻĄāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°"āĨ¤ "āĻĄāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°" āĻāĻ•āĻœāĻ¨ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻ•ā§āĻ¤āĻŋāĨ¤
09:27
And “orange”. "orange" is a thing that we eat.
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āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ "āĻ•āĻŽāĻ˛āĻž"āĨ¤ "āĻ•āĻŽāĻ˛āĻž" āĻāĻŽāĻ¨ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻœāĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¸ āĻ¯āĻž āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ–āĻžāĻ‡āĨ¤
09:31
Okay. Now, I’m going to say ‘a’ or ‘an’ in front of the nouns.
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡. āĻāĻ–āĻ¨, āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§āĻ¯ā§‡āĻ° āĻ¸āĻžāĻŽāĻ¨ā§‡ 'a' āĻŦāĻž 'an' āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻšā§āĻ›āĻŋāĨ¤
09:37
I want you to listen and see if you can hear the difference.
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻšāĻžāĻ‡ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻļā§āĻ¨ā§āĻ¨ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻĻā§‡āĻ–ā§āĻ¨ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻĨāĻ•ā§āĻ¯ āĻļā§āĻ¨āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻšā§āĻ›ā§‡āĻ¨ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨āĻžāĨ¤
09:41
Okayâ€Ļ
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡...
09:42
We have “book”.
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻ•āĻžāĻ›ā§‡ "āĻŦāĻ‡" āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤
09:43
In that case we say, “a book”. “a book”.
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āĻ¸ā§‡āĻ•ā§āĻˇā§‡āĻ¤ā§āĻ°ā§‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻŦāĻ˛āĻŋ, “āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻ‡â€āĨ¤ "āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻ‡".
09:49
We have to say, “a book”.
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻŦā§‡, "āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻ‡"āĨ¤
09:52
Okayâ€Ļ
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09:52
The next one is “park”.
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡...
āĻĒāĻ°ā§‡āĻ°āĻŸāĻž āĻšāĻ˛ "āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ•"āĨ¤
09:56
We say, “a park”. “a park”.
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻŦāĻ˛āĻŋ, "āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ•"āĨ¤ "āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ‰āĻĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨".
10:00
Remember, we put ‘a’ in front of words that begin with consonants.
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āĻŽāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ°āĻžāĻ–āĻŦā§‡āĻ¨, āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻžā§āĻœāĻ¨āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻŖ āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻļā§āĻ°ā§ āĻšāĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻ¸āĻžāĻŽāĻ¨ā§‡ 'a' āĻ°āĻžāĻ–āĻŋāĨ¤
10:06
‘b’ and ‘p’ are consonants.
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'b' āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ 'p' āĻšāĻ˛ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻžā§āĻœāĻ¨āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻŖāĨ¤
10:08
That’s why we say, “a book”, “a park”.
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āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻŦāĻ˛āĻŋ, “āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻ‡â€, “āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ•â€āĨ¤
10:12
Okayâ€Ļ
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡...
10:13
How about the next word?
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āĻĒāĻ°ā§‡āĻ° āĻ•āĻĨāĻžāĻŸāĻž āĻ•ā§‡āĻŽāĻ¨?
10:15
“an umbrella”.
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"āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ›āĻžāĻ¤āĻž".
10:16
“an umbrella”.
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"āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ›āĻžāĻ¤āĻž".
10:18
Could you here the difference? “an umbrella”.
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āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻāĻ–āĻžāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻĨāĻ•ā§āĻ¯ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡? "āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ›āĻžāĻ¤āĻž".
10:21
We say ‘an’ because umbrella starts with a vowel: ‘u’.
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž 'āĻ†āĻ¨' āĻŦāĻ˛āĻŋ āĻ•āĻžāĻ°āĻŖ āĻ›āĻžāĻ¤āĻž āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻ°āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻŖ āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻļā§āĻ°ā§ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧ: 'āĻ‰'āĨ¤
10:27
“an umbrella”.
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"āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ›āĻžāĻ¤āĻž".
10:29
Okayâ€Ļ “elephant”.
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡... "āĻšāĻžāĻ¤āĻŋ"āĨ¤
10:31
We should we say?
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ•āĻŋ āĻŦāĻ˛āĻž āĻ‰āĻšāĻŋāĻ¤?
10:33
“an elephant”. “an elephant”.
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"āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻšāĻžāĻ¤āĻŋ". "āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻšāĻžāĻ¤āĻŋ".
10:36
Again, 'elephant' starts with a vowel.
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āĻ†āĻŦāĻžāĻ° 'āĻšāĻžāĻ¤āĻŋ' āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻ° āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻļā§āĻ°ā§ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤
10:40
“a doctor”. “a doctor”.
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"āĻāĻ•āĻœāĻ¨ āĻĄāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°". "āĻāĻ•āĻœāĻ¨ āĻĄāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°".
10:45
“a doctor”.
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"āĻāĻ•āĻœāĻ¨ āĻĄāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°".
10:46
And the last word, “an orange”. “an orange”.
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āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻļā§‡āĻˇ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ, "āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ•āĻŽāĻ˛āĻž"āĨ¤ "āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ•āĻŽāĻ˛āĻž".
10:52
Again, we have to say, “an orange” because ‘o’ is a vowel.
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āĻ†āĻŦāĻžāĻ°, āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻŦā§‡, "āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ•āĻŽāĻ˛āĻž" āĻ•āĻžāĻ°āĻŖ 'āĻ“' āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻ°āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻŖāĨ¤
10:57
So, let’s go through each word one more time.
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āĻ¸ā§āĻ¤āĻ°āĻžāĻ‚, āĻ†āĻ¸ā§āĻ¨ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¤āĻŋāĻŸāĻŋ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻ†āĻ°āĻ“ āĻāĻ•āĻŦāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡ āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻŋāĨ¤
11:01
“a book”. “a book”.
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"āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻ‡". "āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻ‡".
11:04
Okayâ€Ļ
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡...
11:06
“a park”. “a park”.
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"āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ•"āĨ¤ "āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ‰āĻĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨".
11:10
“an umbrella”. “an umbrella”.
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"āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ›āĻžāĻ¤āĻž". "āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ›āĻžāĻ¤āĻž".
11:14
Notice it sounds like one word.
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āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻŽāĻ¤ āĻļā§‹āĻ¨āĻžāĻšā§āĻ›ā§‡ āĻ˛āĻ•ā§āĻˇā§āĻ¯ āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻ¨.
11:16
“an umbrella”.
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"āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ›āĻžāĻ¤āĻž".
11:19
“an elephant” “an elephant”
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"āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻšāĻžāĻ¤āĻŋ" "āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻšāĻžāĻ¤āĻŋ"
11:23
“a doctor” “a doctor”
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"āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻĄāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°" "āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻĄāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°"
11:27
And the last one.
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āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻļā§‡āĻˇāĻŸāĻŋāĨ¤
11:28
“an orange” “an orange”
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"āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ•āĻŽāĻ˛āĻž" "āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ•āĻŽāĻ˛āĻž"
11:32
Okay. So that’s the end of this video.
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻāĻ‡ āĻ­āĻŋāĻĄāĻŋāĻ“āĻ° āĻļā§‡āĻˇāĨ¤
11:35
I hope you can remember when to use ‘a’ and ‘an’.
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ†āĻļāĻž āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ•āĻ–āĻ¨ 'a' āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ 'an' āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻŦā§‡ āĻ¤āĻž āĻŽāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ°āĻžāĻ–āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡āĻ¨āĨ¤
11:39
Okay, thank you. Bye.
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡ āĻ§āĻ¨ā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻžāĻĻ. āĻŦāĻŋāĻĻāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤
11:50
Hi, everybody and welcome to this video.
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āĻšāĻžāĻ‡, āĻ¸āĻŦāĻžāĻ‡ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻāĻ‡ āĻ­āĻŋāĻĄāĻŋāĻ“āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ—āĻ¤āĻŽāĨ¤
11:53
Now, in this lesson I’m going to talk about singular and plural nouns.
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āĻāĻ–āĻ¨, āĻāĻ‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ ā§‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŦāĻšāĻ¨ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻŦāĻšā§āĻŦāĻšāĻ¨ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§āĻ¯ āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ•ā§‡ āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻšā§āĻ›āĻŋāĨ¤
11:59
Okay. Singular means one.
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡. āĻāĻ•āĻŦāĻšāĻ¨ āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻāĻ•āĨ¤
12:01
And plural means more than one or many.
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āĻ†āĻ° āĻŦāĻšā§āĻŦāĻšāĻ¨ āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻāĻ•āĻžāĻ§āĻŋāĻ• āĻŦāĻž āĻāĻ•āĻžāĻ§āĻŋāĻ•āĨ¤
12:06
Okay. So let’s look at the board.
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡. āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻāĻ° āĻŦā§‹āĻ°ā§āĻĄ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ•āĻžāĻ¨.
12:09
This part is showing singular nouns.
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āĻāĻ‡ āĻ…āĻ‚āĻļ āĻāĻ•āĻŦāĻšāĻ¨ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§āĻ¯ āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻžāĻšā§āĻ›ā§‡.
12:13
Okay, remember, singular means one.
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡, āĻŽāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ°āĻžāĻ–āĻŦā§‡āĻ¨, āĻāĻ•āĻŦāĻšāĻ¨ āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻāĻ•āĨ¤
12:15
Okay.
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
12:16
So when the noun is singular, we put ‘a’ or ‘an’.
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āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§āĻ¯ āĻ¯āĻ–āĻ¨ āĻāĻ•āĻŦāĻšāĻ¨ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ¤āĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž 'a' āĻŦāĻž 'an' āĻ°āĻžāĻ–āĻŋāĨ¤
12:21
So let’s look.
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āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻž āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•.
12:23
“a ring”
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"āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ°āĻŋāĻ‚"
12:24
That means one ring. “a ring”
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āĻāĻ° āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĨ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ°āĻŋāĻ‚āĨ¤ "āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ†āĻ‚āĻŸāĻŋ"
12:28
“a dog” Again, one dog.
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"āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ•ā§āĻ•ā§āĻ°" āĻ†āĻŦāĻžāĻ°, āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ•ā§āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĨ¤
12:31
“a dog”
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"āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ•ā§āĻ•ā§āĻ°"
12:33
“a teacher” One teacher.
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"āĻāĻ•āĻœāĻ¨ āĻļāĻŋāĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻ•" āĻāĻ•āĻœāĻ¨ āĻļāĻŋāĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻ•āĨ¤
12:36
“a teacher”
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"āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻļāĻŋāĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻ•"
12:39
“an apple” “an apple”
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"āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ†āĻĒā§‡āĻ˛" "āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ†āĻĒā§‡āĻ˛"
12:42
One apple.
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āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ†āĻĒā§‡āĻ˛āĨ¤
12:44
“an egg” “an egg”
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"āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻĄāĻŋāĻŽ" "āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻĄāĻŋāĻŽ"
12:47
One egg.
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āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻĄāĻŋāĻŽāĨ¤
12:49
So again, oneâ€Ļ. noun is singular.
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āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻ†āĻŦāĻžāĻ°, āĻāĻ•... āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§āĻ¯ āĻāĻ•āĻŦāĻšāĻ¨āĨ¤
12:53
Okay. Now over here, we have plural nouns.
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡. āĻāĻ–āĻ¨ āĻāĻ–āĻžāĻ¨ā§‡, āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻŦāĻšā§āĻŦāĻšāĻ¨ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§āĻ¯ āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
12:58
Plural means more than one. Two, three, four, and so on.
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āĻŦāĻšā§āĻŦāĻšāĻ¨ āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻāĻ•āĻžāĻ§āĻŋāĻ•āĨ¤ āĻĻā§āĻ‡, āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¨, āĻšāĻžāĻ°, āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡.
13:03
So, many. Okay.
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āĻ…āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ•. āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
13:05
So, when we have a plural noun, we have to,
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āĻ¸ā§āĻ¤āĻ°āĻžāĻ‚, āĻ¯āĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻšā§āĻŦāĻšāĻ¨ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§āĻ¯ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•ā§‡, āĻ¤āĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ°āĻ•ā§‡
13:09
don’t forget, we have to put ‘s’ or ‘es’.
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's' āĻŦāĻž 'es' āĻŦāĻ¸āĻžāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻŦā§‡, āĻ­ā§āĻ˛ā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻŦā§‡āĻ¨ āĻ¨āĻžāĨ¤
13:14
Again, if there’s more than one,
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āĻ†āĻŦāĻžāĻ°, āĻ¯āĻĻāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻžāĻ§āĻŋāĻ•
13:16
if the noun is plural,
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āĻĨāĻžāĻ•ā§‡, āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§āĻ¯āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻšā§āĻŦāĻšāĻ¨ āĻšāĻ˛ā§‡,
13:17
you have to put ‘s’ or ‘es’.
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āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ•ā§‡ 's' āĻŦāĻž 'es' āĻŦāĻ¸āĻžāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻŦā§‡āĨ¤
13:21
Now the nouns here, you just have to add an ‘s’.
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āĻāĻ–āĻ¨ āĻāĻ–āĻžāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§āĻ¯, āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ•ā§‡ āĻļā§āĻ§ā§ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ 's' āĻ¯ā§‹āĻ— āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻŦā§‡āĨ¤
13:25
Okay, and we’re going to  go through them right now.
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡, āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻāĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ¤āĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻŽāĻžāĻ§ā§āĻ¯āĻŽā§‡ āĻ¯ā§‡āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻšā§āĻ›āĻŋ.
13:29
“two rings”.
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"āĻĻā§āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ°āĻŋāĻ‚"āĨ¤
13:31
Okay, we had one ring. “a ring”.
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡, āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ°āĻŋāĻ‚ āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛āĨ¤ "āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ°āĻŋāĻ‚".
13:34
Now we have “two rings.” With an ‘s’.
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āĻāĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° "āĻĻā§āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ°āĻŋāĻ‚" āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ 's' āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĨ¤
13:38
Okay.
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
13:39
We had “a dog”.
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° "āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ•ā§āĻ•ā§āĻ°" āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛āĨ¤
13:41
The plural is “three dogs”.
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āĻŦāĻšā§āĻŦāĻšāĻ¨ āĻšāĻ˛ "āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¨ āĻ•ā§āĻ•ā§āĻ°"āĨ¤
13:44
Again, ‘s’ “three dogs”
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āĻ†āĻŦāĻžāĻ°, 's' "āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¨ āĻ•ā§āĻ•ā§āĻ°"
13:48
“a teacher” One teacher
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"āĻāĻ•āĻœāĻ¨ āĻļāĻŋāĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻ•" āĻāĻ•āĻœāĻ¨ āĻļāĻŋāĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻ•
13:51
“four teachers” “four teachers”
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"āĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻļāĻŋāĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻ•" "āĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻļāĻŋāĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻ•"
13:55
Don’t forget the ‘s’.
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's' āĻ­ā§āĻ˛ā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻŦā§‡āĻ¨ āĻ¨āĻžāĨ¤
13:57
Okay, you must not forget that.
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡, āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻ­ā§āĻ˛āĻŦā§‡āĻ¨ āĻ¨āĻž.
13:59
“an apple”. That’s one apple.
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"āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ†āĻĒā§‡āĻ˛". āĻ“āĻŸāĻž āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻž āĻ†āĻĒā§‡āĻ˛āĨ¤
14:02
Then we have plural. “five apples”
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āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻĒāĻ° āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻŦāĻšā§āĻŦāĻšāĻ¨ āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡. "āĻĒāĻžāĻāĻšāĻŸāĻŋ āĻ†āĻĒā§‡āĻ˛"
14:05
“five apples”
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"āĻĒāĻžāĻāĻšāĻŸāĻŋ āĻ†āĻĒā§‡āĻ˛"
14:08
Okay. And the last one.
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ¸āĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻļā§‡āĻˇāĻŸāĻŋ.
14:10
“an egg”. One egg.
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"āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻĄāĻŋāĻŽ". āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻĄāĻŋāĻŽ.
14:12
“six eggs”
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"āĻ›āĻ¯āĻŧ āĻĄāĻŋāĻŽ"
14:14
Don’t forget ‘s’. “six eggs”
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āĻ­ā§āĻ˛āĻŦā§‡āĻ¨ āĻ¨āĻž 's'. "āĻ›āĻ¯āĻŧāĻŸāĻŋ āĻĄāĻŋāĻŽ"
14:17
Okay. I really need you to remember that.
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤ āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ¸āĻ¤ā§āĻ¯āĻŋāĻ‡ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻŽāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ°āĻžāĻ–āĻž āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¯āĻŧā§‹āĻœāĻ¨.
14:20
“two rings”
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"āĻĻā§āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ†āĻ‚āĻŸāĻŋ"
14:22
“three dogs”
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"āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¨āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ•ā§āĻ•ā§āĻ°"
14:24
“four teachers”
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"āĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻļāĻŋāĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻ•"
14:26
“five apples”
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"āĻĒāĻžāĻāĻšāĻŸāĻŋ āĻ†āĻĒā§‡āĻ˛"
14:28
and “six eggs”.
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āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ "āĻ›āĻ¯āĻŧāĻŸāĻŋ āĻĄāĻŋāĻŽ"āĨ¤
14:30
Okay, let’s move on to the next part.
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡, āĻāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§€ āĻ…āĻ‚āĻļā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•āĨ¤
14:33
Now we have some more nouns.
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āĻāĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ†āĻ°ā§‹ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ›ā§ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§āĻ¯ āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
14:35
These nouns are a little bit different.
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āĻāĻ‡ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§āĻ¯āĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŸā§ āĻ†āĻ˛āĻžāĻĻāĻžāĨ¤
14:38
Uhhh, when they’re singular it’s the same.
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āĻ‰āĻš, āĻ¯āĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻāĻ•āĻŦāĻšāĻ¨ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ¤āĻ–āĻ¨ āĻāĻ•āĻ‡ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤
14:41
You put ‘a’ or ‘an’ in front.
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āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ¸āĻžāĻŽāĻ¨ā§‡ 'a' āĻŦāĻž 'an' āĻŦāĻ¸āĻžāĻ¨āĨ¤
14:44
But when you want to make them  plural, you have to add ‘es’.
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āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ¯āĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ¤āĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻŦāĻšā§āĻŦāĻšāĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻžāĻ¨, āĻ¤āĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ•ā§‡ 'es' āĻ¯ā§‹āĻ— āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻŦā§‡āĨ¤
14:48
Remember, I said, you can add ‘s’ or ‘es’ to make a noun pluralâ€Ļmore than one.
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āĻŽāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ°āĻžāĻ–āĻŦā§‡āĻ¨, āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻŦāĻ˛ā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛āĻžāĻŽ, āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§āĻ¯ āĻŦāĻšā§āĻŦāĻšāĻ¨ āĻ¤ā§ˆāĻ°āĻŋ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ 's' āĻŦāĻž 'es' āĻ¯ā§‹āĻ— āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡āĻ¨â€Ļ āĻāĻ•āĻžāĻ§āĻŋāĻ•āĨ¤
14:55
So again, these nouns you have to add ‘es’.
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āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻ†āĻŦāĻžāĻ°, āĻāĻ‡ nouns āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ 'es' āĻ¯ā§‹āĻ— āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻŦā§‡.
14:59
So let’s go through them one more time.
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āĻ¸ā§āĻ¤āĻ°āĻžāĻ‚ āĻ†āĻ¸ā§āĻ¨ āĻ¤āĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻŽāĻ§ā§āĻ¯ āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻ¯ā§‡āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ†āĻ°ā§‹ āĻāĻ•āĻŦāĻžāĻ°.
15:01
Okay. So we have “a bus”.
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡. āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° "āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻ¸" āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤
15:04
“a bus”
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"āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻ¸"
15:05
Again, that means one bus.
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āĻ†āĻŦāĻžāĻ°, āĻ¤āĻžāĻ° āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻ¸āĨ¤
15:08
“a box” “a box”
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"āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¸" "āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¸"
15:12
“a watch” “a watch”
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"āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ˜āĻĄāĻŧāĻŋ" "āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ˜āĻĄāĻŧāĻŋ"
15:14
Okay, one.
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡, āĻāĻ•āĨ¤
15:16
“a kiss” “a kiss”
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"āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻšā§āĻŽā§āĻŦāĻ¨" "āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻšā§āĻŽā§āĻŦāĻ¨"
15:19
And “an ax”. “an ax”
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āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ "āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ•ā§āĻĄāĻŧāĻžāĻ˛"āĨ¤ "āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ•ā§āĻĄāĻŧāĻžāĻ˛"
15:22
One. “an ax”
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āĻāĻ•āĨ¤ "āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ•ā§āĻĄāĻŧāĻžāĻ˛"
15:24
Okay. Now, we’re going to move on to the plural.
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤ āĻāĻ–āĻ¨, āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻŦāĻšā§āĻŦāĻšāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ¯ā§‡āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻšā§āĻ›āĻŋāĨ¤
15:27
Remember, again, to make the plural, or more 
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āĻŽāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ°āĻžāĻ–āĻŦā§‡āĻ¨, āĻ†āĻŦāĻžāĻ°, āĻŦāĻšā§āĻŦāĻšāĻ¨ āĻŦāĻž āĻāĻ•āĻžāĻ§āĻŋāĻ•
15:30
than one, here, we add ‘es’. Okay.
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āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡, āĻāĻ–āĻžāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž 'es' āĻ¯ā§‹āĻ— āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋāĨ¤ āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
15:35
“a bus” One.
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"āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻ¸" āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋāĨ¤
15:37
“two buses” “two buses”
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"āĻĻā§āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻ¸" "āĻĻā§āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻ¸"
15:41
“a box”
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"āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¸"
15:43
“three boxes” “three boxes”
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"āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¨āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¸" "āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¨āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¸"
15:47
“a watch”. “four watches”
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"āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ˜āĻĄāĻŧāĻŋ"āĨ¤ "āĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ˜āĻĄāĻŧāĻŋ"
15:51
‘es’ right. “four watches”
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'es' āĻ āĻŋāĻ•āĨ¤ "āĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ˜āĻĄāĻŧāĻŋ"
15:55
“a kiss” One.
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"āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻšā§āĻŽā§āĻŦāĻ¨" āĻāĻ•.
15:57
“five kisses” “five kisses”
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"āĻĒāĻžāĻāĻš āĻšā§āĻŽā§āĻŦāĻ¨" "āĻĒāĻžāĻāĻš āĻšā§āĻŽā§āĻŦāĻ¨"
16:01
Add the ‘es’.
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'es' āĻ¯ā§‹āĻ— āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻ¨āĨ¤
16:02
And the last one.
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āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ¸āĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻļā§‡āĻˇāĻŸāĻŋ.
16:04
“an ax” “an ax”
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"āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ•ā§āĻĄāĻŧāĻžāĻ˛" "āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ•ā§āĻĄāĻŧāĻžāĻ˛"
16:06
Okay, we have “six axes”. “six axes”
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡, āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° "āĻ›āĻ¯āĻŧāĻŸāĻŋ āĻ•ā§āĻĄāĻŧāĻžāĻ˛" āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤ "āĻ›āĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ…āĻ•ā§āĻˇ"
16:11
So don’t forget. We have to put  
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āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻ­ā§āĻ˛āĻŦā§‡āĻ¨ āĻ¨āĻž.
16:13
‘es’ to make these nouns plural.
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āĻāĻ‡ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§āĻ¯āĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋāĻ•ā§‡ āĻŦāĻšā§āĻŦāĻšāĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°āĻžāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° 'es' āĻ˛āĻžāĻ—āĻžāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻŦā§‡āĨ¤
16:16
Okay, let’s move on to the next part.
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡, āĻāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§€ āĻ…āĻ‚āĻļā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•āĨ¤
16:20
So, how do we know if we should put ‘s’ or ‘es’ to make the noun plural?
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āĻ¸ā§āĻ¤āĻ°āĻžāĻ‚, āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ•āĻŋāĻ­āĻžāĻŦā§‡ āĻŦā§āĻāĻŦ āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§āĻ¯āĻŸāĻŋāĻ•ā§‡ āĻŦāĻšā§āĻŦāĻšāĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° 's' āĻŦāĻž 'es' āĻŦāĻ¸āĻžāĻ¨ā§‹ āĻ‰āĻšāĻŋāĻ¤?
16:27
Well, for most nouns, you just have to put ‘s’.
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡, āĻŦā§‡āĻļāĻŋāĻ°āĻ­āĻžāĻ— āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§āĻ¯ā§‡āĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯, āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ•ā§‡ āĻļā§āĻ§ā§ 's' āĻ˛āĻžāĻ—āĻžāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻŦā§‡āĨ¤
16:31
Okay, for most of them.
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡, āĻ¤āĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻ…āĻ§āĻŋāĻ•āĻžāĻ‚āĻļ āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯.
16:33
But, for some, you have to put ‘es’. And how do we know?
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āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§, āĻ•āĻžāĻ°ā§‹ āĻ•āĻžāĻ°ā§‹ āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ•ā§‡ 'es' āĻ˛āĻžāĻ—āĻžāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻŦā§‡āĨ¤ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ•āĻŋāĻ­āĻžāĻŦā§‡ āĻœāĻžāĻ¨āĻŋ?
16:37
Wellâ€Ļ
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āĻ†āĻšā§āĻ›āĻžâ€Ļ
16:39
Let’s look at the board. We have some nouns.
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āĻŦā§‹āĻ°ā§āĻĄā§‡āĻ° āĻĻāĻŋāĻ•ā§‡ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ•āĻžāĻ‡āĨ¤ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ•āĻŋāĻ›ā§ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§āĻ¯ āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
16:41
The first one is “church”. Okay.
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āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽāĻŸāĻŋ āĻšāĻ˛ "āĻ—āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻœāĻž"āĨ¤ āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
16:45
“Church” ends in ‘ch’.
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"āĻšāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻš" 'ch' āĻ āĻļā§‡āĻˇ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤
16:48
So if the noun ends in ‘ch’, you have to put ‘es’.
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āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§āĻ¯āĻŸāĻŋ 'ch' āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻļā§‡āĻˇ āĻšāĻ˛ā§‡ 'es' āĻŦāĻ¸āĻžāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻŦā§‡āĨ¤
16:56
Okay. So it becomes “churches”.
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡. āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻāĻŸāĻŋ "āĻ—ā§€āĻ°ā§āĻœāĻž" āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤
16:58
So again, if the noun ends in ‘ch’,
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āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻ†āĻŦāĻžāĻ°, āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§āĻ¯āĻŸāĻŋ 'ch'
17:01
add ‘es’ at the end to make it plural.
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āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻļā§‡āĻˇ āĻšāĻ˛ā§‡, āĻļā§‡āĻˇā§‡ 'es' āĻ¯ā§‹āĻ— āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡ āĻŦāĻšā§āĻŦāĻšāĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻ¨āĨ¤
17:06
The same goes for the next word “brush”.
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āĻāĻ•āĻ‡ āĻĒāĻ°āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§€ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ "āĻŦā§āĻ°āĻžāĻļ" āĻāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤
17:09
You’ll notice “brush” ends in ‘sh’. Okay.
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āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ˛āĻ•ā§āĻˇā§āĻ¯ āĻ•āĻ°āĻŦā§‡āĻ¨ "āĻŦā§āĻ°āĻžāĻļ" āĻāĻ° āĻļā§‡āĻˇā§‡ 'sh'āĨ¤ āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
17:14
So if it ends in ‘sh’, same thing, we add ‘es’ at the end to make it plural.
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āĻ¸ā§āĻ¤āĻ°āĻžāĻ‚ āĻ¯āĻĻāĻŋ āĻāĻŸāĻŋ 'sh' āĻ āĻļā§‡āĻˇ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧ, āĻāĻ•āĻ‡ āĻœāĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¸, āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻāĻŸāĻŋāĻ•ā§‡ āĻŦāĻšā§āĻŦāĻšāĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻļā§‡āĻˇā§‡ 'es' āĻ¯ā§‹āĻ— āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋāĨ¤
17:23
Okay. The next word is 'fox'.
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡. āĻĒāĻ°ā§‡āĻ° āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ 'āĻļā§‡āĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ˛'āĨ¤
17:26
We have the letter ‘x’ at the end. Okay.
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻļā§‡āĻˇā§‡ 'x' āĻ…āĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻ° āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤ āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
17:29
All nouns that end in ‘x’, we have to put ‘es’ to make it plural.
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āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¸ā§āĻ¤ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§āĻ¯ āĻ¯ā§‡āĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋ 'x' āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻļā§‡āĻˇ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧ, āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻāĻŸāĻŋāĻ•ā§‡ āĻŦāĻšā§āĻŦāĻšāĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ 'es' āĻŦāĻ¸āĻžāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻŦā§‡āĨ¤
17:36
Okay, so, ‘ch’, ‘sh’, ‘x’.
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡, āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡, 'ch', 'sh', 'x'āĨ¤
17:41
If the noun ends with these, put ‘es’.
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āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§āĻ¯ āĻāĻ‡ āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻļā§‡āĻˇ āĻšāĻ˛ā§‡, 'es' āĻŦāĻ¸āĻžāĻ¨āĨ¤
17:43
And the last one is “dress”.
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āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻļā§‡āĻˇāĻŸāĻŋ āĻšāĻ˛ "āĻĒā§‹āĻļāĻžāĻ•"āĨ¤
17:45
Okay, we have ‘ss’ at the end.
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡, āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻļā§‡āĻˇā§‡ 'ss' āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤
17:48
Same thing.
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āĻāĻ•āĻ‡ āĻœāĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¸.
17:50
Put ‘es’ at the end to make it plural.
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āĻŦāĻšā§āĻŦāĻšāĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°āĻžāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻļā§‡āĻˇā§‡ 'es' āĻŦāĻ¸āĻžāĻ¨āĨ¤
17:53
Okay. “dresses”
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡. “dresses”
17:55
Again, if it ends in ‘ss’ put ‘es’.
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āĻ†āĻŦāĻžāĻ°, āĻ¯āĻĻāĻŋ āĻāĻŸāĻŋ 'ss' āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻļā§‡āĻˇ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ¤āĻžāĻšāĻ˛ā§‡ 'es' āĻ˛āĻŋāĻ–ā§āĻ¨āĨ¤
17:59
Okay, so please, don’t  forget ‘ch’, ‘sh’, ‘x’, ‘ss’, 
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡, āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻĻāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡, 'ch', 'sh', 'x', 'ss' āĻ­ā§āĻ˛āĻŦā§‡āĻ¨ āĻ¨āĻž,
18:05
we must put ‘es’ at the end.
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻ…āĻŦāĻļā§āĻ¯āĻ‡ āĻļā§‡āĻˇā§‡ 'es' āĻŦāĻ¸āĻžāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻŦā§‡āĨ¤
18:08
Most of the other nouns we just add ‘s’.
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āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§āĻ¯ā§‡āĻ° āĻ…āĻ§āĻŋāĻ•āĻžāĻ‚āĻļāĻ‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻļā§āĻ§ā§ 's' āĻ¯ā§‹āĻ— āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋāĨ¤
18:10
Okay. Now we have some special nouns on this side.
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡. āĻāĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻāĻ‡ āĻĻāĻŋāĻ•ā§‡ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ›ā§ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§āĻ¯ āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
18:15
“Potato, tomato, volcano”.
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"āĻ†āĻ˛ā§, āĻŸāĻŽā§‡āĻŸā§‹, āĻ†āĻ—ā§āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ¯āĻŧāĻ—āĻŋāĻ°āĻŋ"āĨ¤
18:18
Now, most nouns that end in ‘o’, like “photo”,
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āĻāĻ–āĻ¨, āĻŦā§‡āĻļāĻŋāĻ°āĻ­āĻžāĻ— āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§āĻ¯ āĻ¯āĻž 'o' āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻļā§‡āĻˇ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧ, āĻ¯ā§‡āĻŽāĻ¨ "āĻĢāĻŸā§‹",
18:23
all we have to do is add an ‘s’ to make it plural.
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻ¯āĻž āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻŦā§‡ āĻ¤āĻž āĻšāĻ˛ āĻāĻŸāĻŋāĻ•ā§‡ āĻŦāĻšā§āĻŦāĻšāĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ 's' āĻ¯ā§‹āĻ— āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻŦā§‡āĨ¤
18:27
“photos”. Okay.
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"āĻĢāĻŸā§‹"āĨ¤ āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
18:28
But these are special because we actually 
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āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§ āĻāĻ—ā§āĻ˛ā§‹ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇ āĻ•āĻžāĻ°āĻŖ āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻ†āĻ¸āĻ˛ā§‡
18:31
have to put ‘es’ at the endâ€Ļ to make themâ€Ļplural.
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āĻļā§‡āĻˇā§‡ 'es' āĻŦāĻ¸āĻžāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻŦā§‡... āĻāĻ—ā§āĻ˛ā§‹āĻ•ā§‡... āĻŦāĻšā§āĻŦāĻšāĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡āĨ¤
18:41
Okay. So we have “potatoes, tomatoes, volcanoes”.
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡. āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡ "āĻ†āĻ˛ā§, āĻŸāĻŽā§‡āĻŸā§‹, āĻ†āĻ—ā§āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ¯āĻŧāĻ—āĻŋāĻ°āĻŋ"āĨ¤
18:47
Again, these are a little bit special.
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āĻ†āĻŦāĻžāĻ°, āĻāĻ‡ āĻ¸āĻžāĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻŦāĻŋāĻŸ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇ.
18:50
For most nouns that end in ‘o’, we just add ‘s’.
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'o' āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻļā§‡āĻˇ āĻšāĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻŦā§‡āĻļāĻŋāĻ°āĻ­āĻžāĻ— āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§āĻ¯ā§‡āĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻļā§āĻ§ā§ 's' āĻ¯ā§‹āĻ— āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋāĨ¤
18:53
Okay, and, uhhh, let’s go to the final part.
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡, āĻāĻŦāĻ‚, āĻ‰āĻšāĻš, āĻāĻ° āĻšā§‚āĻĄāĻŧāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ āĻ…āĻ‚āĻļā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•āĨ¤
18:57
Okay, let’s do some extra practice.
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡, āĻāĻ° āĻ•āĻŋāĻ›ā§ āĻ…āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ°āĻŋāĻ•ā§āĻ¤ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻļā§€āĻ˛āĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•.
19:00
On the board, I have some nouns.
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āĻŦā§‹āĻ°ā§āĻĄā§‡, āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻŋāĻ›ā§ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§āĻ¯ āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤
19:03
Some are singular and some are plural.
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āĻ•āĻŋāĻ›ā§ āĻāĻ•āĻŦāĻšāĻ¨ āĻ†āĻŦāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻŋāĻ›ā§ āĻŦāĻšā§āĻŦāĻšāĻ¨āĨ¤
19:07
We have to decide together  if we should put ‘s’ or ‘es’
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻāĻ•āĻ¸āĻžāĻĨā§‡ āĻ¸āĻŋāĻĻā§āĻ§āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻŦā§‡ āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž 's' āĻŦāĻž 'es'
19:11
or make them singular. Okay.
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āĻ°āĻžāĻ–āĻŦ āĻ¨āĻžāĻ•āĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŦāĻšāĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°āĻŦāĨ¤ āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
19:14
So you have to listen carefully and  remember what we learned in this video.
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āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ•ā§‡ āĻŽāĻ¨ā§‹āĻ¯ā§‹āĻ— āĻ¸āĻšāĻ•āĻžāĻ°ā§‡ āĻļā§āĻ¨āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻŦā§‡ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻāĻ‡ āĻ­āĻŋāĻĄāĻŋāĻ“āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ¯āĻž āĻļāĻŋāĻ–ā§‡āĻ›āĻŋ āĻ¤āĻž āĻŽāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ°āĻžāĻ–āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻŦā§‡āĨ¤
19:19
Okay. “two books”
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡. "āĻĻā§āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻ‡"
19:21
Right, this is plural. There are two.
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡, āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻšā§āĻŦāĻšāĻ¨āĨ¤ āĻĻā§āĻ‡ āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
19:24
“two books” We have to put an ‘s’.
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"āĻĻā§āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻ‡" āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ 's' āĻ˛āĻžāĻ—āĻžāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻŦā§‡āĨ¤
19:28
“two books”
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"āĻĻā§āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻ‡"
19:30
Okay. The next one.
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤ āĻĒāĻ°ā§‡āĻ° āĻāĻ•.
19:32
“three class” Hmmmm.
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"āĻĨā§āĻ°āĻŋ āĻ•ā§āĻ˛āĻžāĻ¸" āĻšā§āĻŽāĻŽāĨ¤
19:34
“class” ends with an ‘s’. So what do we put?
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"āĻļā§āĻ°ā§‡āĻŖā§€" āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ 's' āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻļā§‡āĻˇ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ•āĻŋ āĻ•āĻ°āĻž?
19:38
“three classes” “three classes”
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"āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¨ āĻ•ā§āĻ˛āĻžāĻ¸" "āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¨ āĻ•ā§āĻ˛āĻžāĻ¸"
19:44
Okay. So again the plural is “three classes”.
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻ†āĻŦāĻžāĻ° āĻŦāĻšā§āĻŦāĻšāĻ¨ āĻšāĻ˛ "āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¨ āĻļā§āĻ°ā§‡āĻŖā§€"āĨ¤
19:49
Okay. 
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
19:50
“a lion” “a lion”
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"āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¸āĻŋāĻ‚āĻš" "āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¸āĻŋāĻ‚āĻš"
19:53
Do we have to put anything? No.
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻ•āĻŋ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ›ā§ āĻ°āĻžāĻ–āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻŦā§‡? āĻ¨āĻžāĨ¤
19:55
No ‘s’ or ‘es’ because this is singular. There’s just one lion.
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āĻ¨āĻž 's' āĻŦāĻž 'es' āĻ•āĻžāĻ°āĻŖ āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŦāĻšāĻ¨āĨ¤ āĻļā§āĻ§ā§ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻž āĻ¸āĻŋāĻ‚āĻš āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤
20:01
“a lion”
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"āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¸āĻŋāĻ‚āĻš"
20:03
“six hats” “six hats”
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"āĻ›āĻ¯āĻŧ āĻŸā§āĻĒāĻŋ" "āĻ›āĻ¯āĻŧ āĻŸā§āĻĒāĻŋ"
20:08
We have to put an ‘s’. “six hats”
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ 'āĻāĻ¸' āĻ˛āĻžāĻ—āĻžāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻŦā§‡āĨ¤ "āĻ›āĻ¯āĻŧ āĻŸā§āĻĒāĻŋ"
20:12
Okay. The next noun is “seven match”.
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤ āĻĒāĻ°āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§€ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§āĻ¯ āĻšāĻ˛ "āĻ¸āĻžāĻ¤ āĻŽā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻš"āĨ¤
20:16
What do we put?
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ•āĻŋ āĻ°āĻžāĻ–āĻŦ?
20:17
Well, we have a ‘ch’. So we have to put “matches”.
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āĻ†āĻšā§āĻ›āĻž, āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻž 'āĻš' āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° “āĻŽā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻšâ€ āĻ°āĻžāĻ–āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻŦā§‡āĨ¤
20:23
“seven matches” “seven matches”
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"āĻ¸āĻžāĻ¤ āĻŽā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻš" "āĻ¸āĻžāĻ¤ āĻŽā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻš"
20:28
Okay. And the last one is “one bat”.
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻļā§‡āĻˇāĻŸāĻŋ āĻšāĻ˛ "āĻāĻ• āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻŸ"āĨ¤
20:32
“one bat”.
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"āĻāĻ• āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻŸ"āĨ¤
20:34
We do not put an ‘s’ or ‘es’ because again, it’s just one.
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ 's' āĻŦāĻž 'es' āĻ°āĻžāĻ–āĻŋ āĻ¨āĻž āĻ•āĻžāĻ°āĻŖ āĻ†āĻŦāĻžāĻ°, āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻļā§āĻ§ā§āĻŽāĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻ° āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋāĨ¤
20:38
We don’t have to put anything after ‘bat’.
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° 'āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻŸ' āĻāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°ā§‡ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ›ā§ āĻ˛āĻžāĻ—āĻžāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻŦā§‡ āĻ¨āĻžāĨ¤
20:41
Okay, this is singular.
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡, āĻāĻ‡ āĻāĻ•āĻŦāĻšāĻ¨.
20:43
Okay, so, in this video, we learned how to make a noun singular.
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡, āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡, āĻāĻ‡ āĻ­āĻŋāĻĄāĻŋāĻ“āĻ¤ā§‡, āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻļāĻŋāĻ–ā§‡āĻ›āĻŋ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ­āĻžāĻŦā§‡ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§āĻ¯āĻ•ā§‡ āĻāĻ•āĻŦāĻšāĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤
20:48
Okay. And how to make a noun plural.
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡. āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ­āĻžāĻŦā§‡ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§āĻ¯ āĻŦāĻšā§āĻŦāĻšāĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°āĻž.
20:51
Remember, singular means one. Plural means more than one.
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āĻŽāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ°āĻžāĻ–āĻŦā§‡āĻ¨, āĻāĻ•āĻŦāĻšāĻ¨ āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻāĻ•āĨ¤ āĻŦāĻšā§āĻŦāĻšāĻ¨ āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻāĻ•āĻžāĻ§āĻŋāĻ•āĨ¤
20:55
And remember, don’t forget, we have to put 
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āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻŽāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ°āĻžāĻ–āĻŦā§‡āĻ¨, āĻ­ā§āĻ˛ā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻŦā§‡āĻ¨ āĻ¨āĻž, āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ°
20:58
‘s’ or ‘es’. Okay.
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's' āĻŦāĻž 'es' āĻ˛āĻžāĻ—āĻžāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻŦā§‡āĨ¤ āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
21:01
And thanks for joining. That’s the end of this video.
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āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ¯ā§‹āĻ—āĻĻāĻžāĻ¨ā§‡āĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ§āĻ¨ā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻžāĻĻ. āĻāĻŸāĻžāĻ‡ āĻāĻ‡ āĻ­āĻŋāĻĄāĻŋāĻ“āĻ° āĻļā§‡āĻˇāĨ¤
21:03
Bye.
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āĻŦāĻŋāĻĻāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤
21:13
Hi everybody and welcome to this video.
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āĻšāĻžāĻ‡ āĻ¸āĻŦāĻžāĻ‡āĻ•ā§‡ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻāĻ‡ āĻ­āĻŋāĻĄāĻŋāĻ“āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ—āĻ¤āĻŽāĨ¤
21:16
In this video, we’re going to  talk about subjective pronouns.
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āĻāĻ‡ āĻ­āĻŋāĻĄāĻŋāĻ“āĻ¤ā§‡, āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇāĻ¯āĻŧāĻ—āĻ¤ āĻ¸āĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻ¨āĻžāĻŽ āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ•ā§‡ āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻšā§āĻ›āĻŋāĨ¤
21:21
So, let’s take a look at the board.
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āĻ¸ā§āĻ¤āĻ°āĻžāĻ‚, āĻāĻ° āĻŦā§‹āĻ°ā§āĻĄ āĻ•āĻŸāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻĒāĻžāĻ¤ āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•.
21:25
Here they are. The subjective pronouns.
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āĻāĻ–āĻžāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž. āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇāĻ¯āĻŧāĻ—āĻ¤ āĻ¸āĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻ¨āĻžāĻŽāĨ¤
21:27
Please take a careful look. They’re very important in English.
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āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻ—ā§āĻ°āĻš āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡ āĻ¸āĻžāĻŦāĻ§āĻžāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻĻā§‡āĻ–ā§āĻ¨āĨ¤ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻ‡āĻ‚āĻ°ā§‡āĻœāĻŋāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ–ā§āĻŦāĻ‡ āĻ—ā§āĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻŦāĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŖāĨ¤
21:32
Okay. So, the first subjective pronoun is ‘I’.
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡. āĻ¸ā§āĻ¤āĻ°āĻžāĻ‚, āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽ āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇāĻ¯āĻŧāĻ—āĻ¤ āĻ¸āĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻ¨āĻžāĻŽ āĻšāĻ˛ 'āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ'āĨ¤
21:37
“I” means me. “I’m Esther”.
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"āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ" āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋāĨ¤ "āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ‡āĻ¸ā§āĻŸāĻžāĻ°"āĨ¤
21:40
I
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ
21:43
He Now, “he” is only used for boys or men.
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āĻāĻ–āĻ¨, "āĻ¸ā§‡" āĻļā§āĻ§ā§āĻŽāĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻ° āĻ›ā§‡āĻ˛ā§‡ āĻŦāĻž āĻĒā§āĻ°ā§āĻˇāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšā§ƒāĻ¤ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤
21:49
Okay. He
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡. āĻ¸ā§‡
21:50
So another boy or man is “he”.
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āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻ†āĻ°ā§‡āĻ•āĻŸāĻž āĻ›ā§‡āĻ˛ā§‡ āĻŦāĻž āĻĒā§āĻ°ā§āĻˇ āĻšāĻ˛ “āĻ¸ā§‡â€āĨ¤
21:54
“She” is used for girls or women.
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"āĻ¸ā§‡" āĻŽā§‡āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻŦāĻž āĻŽāĻšāĻŋāĻ˛āĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšā§ƒāĻ¤ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤
21:58
Okay. She
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡. She
22:02
It “It”  
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It “It”
22:03
is used for a place like a school, an animal like a dog, or a thing like a chair.
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āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ¸ā§āĻ•ā§āĻ˛ā§‡āĻ° āĻŽāĻ¤ā§‹ āĻœāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĻ—āĻž, āĻ•ā§āĻ•ā§āĻ°ā§‡āĻ° āĻŽāĻ¤ā§‹ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻžāĻŖā§€ āĻŦāĻž āĻšā§‡āĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ°ā§‡āĻ° āĻŽāĻ¤ā§‹ āĻœāĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¸ā§‡āĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯āĨ¤
22:12
Okay. It
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡. āĻāĻŸāĻŋ
22:14
The next one is “you”. “You” means you.
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āĻĒāĻ°ā§‡āĻ°āĻŸāĻŋ āĻšāĻ˛ "āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ"āĨ¤ "āĻ¤ā§āĻŽāĻŋ" āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ¤ā§āĻŽāĻŋāĨ¤
22:18
Okay. “you”.
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡. "āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ".
22:21
We “We” means other people and me.
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž "āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž" āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻˇ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋāĨ¤
22:26
For example, “I sing”, “you sing”, then “we sing”.
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āĻ‰āĻĻāĻžāĻšāĻ°āĻŖāĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻ°ā§‚āĻĒ, "āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ—āĻžāĻ‡", "āĻ¤ā§āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ—āĻžāĻ“", āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻĒāĻ°ā§‡ "āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ—āĻžāĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋ"āĨ¤
22:32
Okay. “we”.
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡. "āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž"āĨ¤
22:34
And the last one is “they”.
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āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻļā§‡āĻˇāĻŸāĻŋ āĻšāĻ˛ "āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž"āĨ¤
22:37
“They” means many people,  places, animals or things.
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"āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž" āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ• āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻˇ, āĻœāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĻ—āĻž, āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻžāĻŖā§€ āĻŦāĻž āĻœāĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¸āĨ¤
22:43
Okay. So, more than one.
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡. āĻ¸ā§āĻ¤āĻ°āĻžāĻ‚, āĻāĻ•āĻžāĻ§āĻŋāĻ•.
22:45
If there’s more than one, we use  the subjective pronoun ‘they’.
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āĻ¯āĻĻāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻžāĻ§āĻŋāĻ• āĻĨāĻžāĻ•ā§‡, āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž 'āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž' āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋāĨ¤
22:50
Okay, let’s move on to the next part.
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡, āĻāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§€ āĻ…āĻ‚āĻļā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•āĨ¤
22:54
Okay, so let’s practice together  with subjective pronouns.
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡, āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻ†āĻ¸ā§āĻ¨ āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇāĻ¯āĻŧāĻ­āĻŋāĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ• āĻ¸āĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻ¨āĻžāĻŽā§‡āĻ° āĻ¸āĻžāĻĨā§‡ āĻāĻ•āĻ¸āĻžāĻĨā§‡ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻļā§€āĻ˛āĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋāĨ¤
23:00
The first sentence on the  board says, “Jenny sings”.
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āĻŦā§‹āĻ°ā§āĻĄā§‡āĻ° āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¯āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻ˛ā§‡, "āĻœā§‡āĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ—āĻžāĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡"āĨ¤
23:04
Now Jenny is one girl.
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āĻāĻ–āĻ¨ āĻœā§‡āĻ¨āĻŋ āĻāĻ• āĻŽā§‡āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĨ¤
23:07
So we can say, “She sings”.
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āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°āĻŋ, "āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ—āĻžāĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĻ¨"āĨ¤
23:11
“Jack sings”. Jack is one boy.
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"āĻœā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ• āĻ—ā§‡āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ›ā§‡"āĨ¤ āĻœā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ• āĻāĻ• āĻ›ā§‡āĻ˛ā§‡āĨ¤
23:15
So we have to say, “he sings”.
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āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻŦā§‡, "āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ—āĻžāĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĻ¨"āĨ¤
23:20
The last sentence says, “Jenny and Jack sing”.
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āĻļā§‡āĻˇ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¯āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻ˛ā§‡, "āĻœā§‡āĻ¨āĻŋ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻœā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ• āĻ—āĻžāĻ¨"āĨ¤
23:25
Now Jenny and Jack are two people.
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āĻāĻ–āĻ¨ āĻœā§‡āĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ†āĻ° āĻœā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ• āĻĻā§āĻœāĻ¨ āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻˇāĨ¤
23:28
So we have to say, “they sing”.
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āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻŦā§‡, “āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻ—āĻžāĻ¨ āĻ—āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ”āĨ¤
23:32
Okay, let’s move on to the next part.
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡, āĻāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§€ āĻ…āĻ‚āĻļā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•āĨ¤
23:35
Okay, let’s do some more practice.
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡, āĻāĻ° āĻ†āĻ°ā§‹ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ›ā§ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻļā§€āĻ˛āĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•.
23:39
The first sentence on the board says,
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āĻŦā§‹āĻ°ā§āĻĄā§‡āĻ° āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¯āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻ˛ā§‡,
23:41
“The cat runs”.
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"āĻŦāĻŋāĻĄāĻŧāĻžāĻ˛ āĻĻā§ŒāĻĄāĻŧāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ"āĨ¤
23:44
‘The cat’ is an animal, so we have to say, “It runs”.
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'āĻŦāĻŋāĻĄāĻŧāĻžāĻ˛' āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻžāĻŖā§€, āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻŦā§‡, "āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻšāĻ˛ā§‡"āĨ¤
23:50
The next sentence says, “The dog and cat run”.
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āĻĒāĻ°ā§‡āĻ° āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¯āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻ˛ā§‡, "āĻ•ā§āĻ•ā§āĻ° āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻŦāĻŋāĻĄāĻŧāĻžāĻ˛ āĻĻā§ŒāĻĄāĻŧāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ"āĨ¤
23:54
Now, ‘the dog and cat’, they are two animals.
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āĻāĻ–āĻ¨ 'āĻ•ā§āĻ•ā§āĻ° āĻ†āĻ° āĻŦāĻŋāĻĄāĻŧāĻžāĻ˛', āĻāĻ°āĻž āĻĻā§āĻŸāĻŋ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻžāĻŖā§€āĨ¤
23:59
So anytime you have two or more  things, we say, “They run”.
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āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻ¯āĻ–āĻ¨āĻ‡ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻžāĻ›ā§‡ āĻĻā§āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻž āĻ¤āĻ¤ā§‹āĻ§āĻŋāĻ• āĻœāĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¸ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•ā§‡, āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻŦāĻ˛āĻŋ, "āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻĻā§ŒāĻĄāĻŧāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ"āĨ¤
24:05
‘They’.
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'āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž'āĨ¤
24:06
Okay, now, for the last sentence, I’m  going to talk about my cat, Ongee.
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡, āĻāĻ–āĻ¨, āĻļā§‡āĻˇ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¯āĻŸāĻŋāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯, āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻŦāĻŋāĻĄāĻŧāĻžāĻ˛, āĻ“āĻ™ā§āĻ—āĻŋ āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ•ā§‡ āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻšā§āĻ›āĻŋāĨ¤
24:13
Ongee is a cat. He’s an animal.
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Ongee āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻĄāĻŧāĻžāĻ˛. āĻ¸ā§‡ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻž āĻĒāĻļā§āĨ¤
24:16
But he has a name. He’s a boy cat.
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āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ° āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻž āĻ¨āĻžāĻŽ āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤ āĻ¸ā§‡ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻž āĻ›ā§‡āĻ˛ā§‡ āĻŦāĻŋāĻĄāĻŧāĻžāĻ˛āĨ¤
24:19
Okay and I love him. And he’s like family.
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ•ā§‡ āĻ­āĻžāĻ˛āĻŦāĻžāĻ¸āĻŋāĨ¤ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻŦāĻžāĻ°ā§‡āĻ° āĻŽāĻ¤.
24:21
So, “Ongee runs”. I can say “He runs”.
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āĻ¸ā§āĻ¤āĻ°āĻžāĻ‚, "Ongee āĻ°āĻžāĻ¨"āĨ¤ āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°āĻŋ "āĻ¸ā§‡ āĻĻā§ŒāĻĄāĻŧāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ"āĨ¤
24:26
Okay. Let’s move on to the next part.
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡. āĻāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°ā§‡āĻ° āĻ…āĻ‚āĻļā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•āĨ¤
24:28
Okay, here are some more examples.
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡, āĻāĻ–āĻžāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ†āĻ°ā§‹ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ›ā§ āĻ‰āĻĻāĻžāĻšāĻ°āĻŖ āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤
24:32
But, this time, you have to figure out the subjective pronoun together with me.
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āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§, āĻāĻ‡ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¯āĻŧ, āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ•ā§‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻ¸āĻžāĻĨā§‡ āĻāĻ•āĻ¸āĻžāĻĨā§‡ āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇāĻ¯āĻŧāĻ—āĻ¤ āĻ¸āĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻ¨āĻžāĻŽāĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦā§‡āĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻŦā§‡āĨ¤
24:38
Okay. So, “My students study”.
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡. āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡, "āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻ›āĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻ°āĻ°āĻž āĻĒāĻĄāĻŧāĻžāĻļā§‹āĻ¨āĻž āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡"āĨ¤
24:43
What should we use?
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ•āĻŋ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻ‰āĻšāĻŋāĻ¤?
24:45
Well, ‘My students’, there’s an ‘s’. Right.
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āĻ†āĻšā§āĻ›āĻž, 'āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻ›āĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻ°', āĻ¸ā§‡āĻ–āĻžāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ 's' āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤ āĻ āĻŋāĻ•āĨ¤
24:49
They’re people and there’s more than one.
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āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻˇ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻāĻ•āĻžāĻ§āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
24:52
Many people.
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āĻ…āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ• āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻˇ.
24:54
So we have to use the subjective pronoun, ‘they’.
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āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ°āĻ•ā§‡ āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇāĻ¯āĻŧāĻ­āĻŋāĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ• āĻ¸āĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻ¨āĻžāĻŽ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻŦā§‡, 'āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž'āĨ¤
25:06
“They study”.
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"āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻĒāĻĄāĻŧāĻžāĻļā§‹āĻ¨āĻž āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡"āĨ¤
25:09
The next example.
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āĻĒāĻ°āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§€ āĻ‰āĻĻāĻžāĻšāĻ°āĻŖ.
25:11
“John is handsome”.
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"āĻœāĻ¨ āĻ¸ā§āĻĻāĻ°ā§āĻļāĻ¨"āĨ¤
25:13
Okay, ‘John’, that’s a person.
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡, 'āĻœāĻ¨', āĻāĻŸāĻž āĻāĻ•āĻœāĻ¨ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻ•ā§āĻ¤āĻŋāĨ¤
25:16
There’s only one. Rightâ€Ļ
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āĻ¸ā§‡āĻ–āĻžāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻŽāĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻ° āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ. āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡...
25:18
And it’s a boy, ‘John’.
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āĻ†āĻ° āĻāĻŸāĻž āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻž āĻ›ā§‡āĻ˛ā§‡, 'āĻœāĻ¨'āĨ¤
25:21
So what should we use?
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āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ•āĻŋ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻ‰āĻšāĻŋāĻ¤?
25:24
We have to use the subjective pronoun, ‘he’.
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇāĻ¯āĻŧāĻ—āĻ¤ āĻ¸āĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻ¨āĻžāĻŽ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻŦā§‡, 'āĻ¸ā§‡'āĨ¤
25:31
One boy. We say, “he”.
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āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻž āĻ›ā§‡āĻ˛ā§‡. āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻŦāĻ˛āĻŋ, "āĻ¸ā§‡"āĨ¤
25:33
“He is handsome”.
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"āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ¸ā§āĻĻāĻ°ā§āĻļāĻ¨".
25:36
Okay, the last one. “Pizza is delicious”.
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡, āĻļā§‡āĻˇāĻŸāĻžāĨ¤ "āĻĒāĻŋāĻœā§āĻœāĻž āĻ¸ā§āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻžāĻĻā§"āĨ¤
25:41
‘Pizza’ is a thing.
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'āĻĒāĻŋāĻœā§āĻœāĻž' āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻž āĻœāĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¸āĨ¤
25:43
And there’s only one. Right.
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āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻļā§āĻ§ā§āĻŽāĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻ° āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡. āĻ āĻŋāĻ•āĨ¤
25:45
There’s no ‘s’. One pizza.
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āĻ•ā§‹āĻ¨ā§‹ 'āĻ¸' āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ‡āĨ¤ āĻāĻ• āĻĒāĻŋāĻœāĻžāĨ¤
25:48
We say, “it”.
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻŦāĻ˛āĻŋ, "āĻāĻŸāĻŋ"āĨ¤
25:51
“It is delicious”. Okay.
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"āĻāĻŸāĻž āĻ¸ā§āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻžāĻĻā§". āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
25:54
Let’s move on to some more examples.
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āĻ†āĻ°āĻ“ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ›ā§ āĻ‰āĻĻāĻžāĻšāĻ°āĻŖā§‡ āĻāĻ—āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•āĨ¤
25:56
Okay, the first example says,
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡, āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽ āĻ‰āĻĻāĻžāĻšāĻ°āĻŖāĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻ˛ā§‡,
25:59
“Seoul is a city”.
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"āĻ¸āĻŋāĻ‰āĻ˛ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻļāĻšāĻ°"āĨ¤
26:02
Now, ‘Seoul’ is a place. Okay.
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āĻāĻ–āĻ¨, 'āĻ¸āĻŋāĻ‰āĻ˛' āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻœāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĻ—āĻžāĨ¤ āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
26:06
So we have to use the subjective pronoun, ‘it’.
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āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇāĻ¯āĻŧāĻ­āĻŋāĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ• āĻ¸āĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻ¨āĻžāĻŽ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻŦā§‡, 'āĻāĻŸāĻŋ'āĨ¤
26:10
“It is a city”.
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"āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻļāĻšāĻ°"āĨ¤
26:13
The next example says,
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āĻĒāĻ°āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§€ āĻ‰āĻĻāĻžāĻšāĻ°āĻŖāĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻ˛ā§‡,
26:15
“My parents love Ongee”.
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"āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻŦāĻžāĻŦāĻž-āĻŽāĻž āĻ“āĻ™ā§āĻ—āĻŋāĻ•ā§‡ āĻ­āĻžāĻ˛ā§‹āĻŦāĻžāĻ¸ā§‡āĻ¨"āĨ¤
26:18
Now, ‘Ongee’ is my cat. “My parents love Ongee”.
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āĻāĻ–āĻ¨, 'Ongee' āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻŦāĻŋāĻĄāĻŧāĻžāĻ˛. "āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻŦāĻžāĻŦāĻž-āĻŽāĻž āĻ“āĻžā§āĻœāĻŋāĻ•ā§‡ āĻ­āĻžāĻ˛ā§‹āĻŦāĻžāĻ¸ā§‡āĻ¨"āĨ¤
26:23
Well, ‘my parents’, they are two people. My mom and my dad.
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āĻ†āĻšā§āĻ›āĻž, 'āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻŦāĻžāĻŦāĻž-āĻŽāĻž', āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻĻā§āĻœāĻ¨ āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻˇāĨ¤ āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻŽāĻž āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻŦāĻžāĻŦāĻž.
26:28
So, what do I use?
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āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡, āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ•āĻŋ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻŦ?
26:31
I have to say, “they”. “They love Ongee”.
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ•ā§‡ āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻŦā§‡, "āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž"āĨ¤ "āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž Ongee āĻ­āĻžāĻ˛ā§‹āĻŦāĻžāĻ¸ā§‡"āĨ¤
26:37
The last example is very  similar to the second one.
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āĻļā§‡āĻˇ āĻ‰āĻĻāĻžāĻšāĻ°āĻŖāĻŸāĻŋ āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāĻ¤ā§€āĻ¯āĻŧāĻŸāĻŋāĻ° āĻ¸āĻžāĻĨā§‡ āĻ–ā§āĻŦ āĻŽāĻŋāĻ˛āĨ¤
26:41
“My parents and I love Ongee”. Okay.
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"āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻŦāĻžāĻŦāĻž-āĻŽāĻž āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ“āĻžā§āĻœāĻŋāĻ•ā§‡ āĻ­āĻžāĻ˛ā§‹āĻŦāĻžāĻ¸āĻŋ"āĨ¤ āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
26:46
The difference isâ€Ļ it says, “and I”.
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āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻĨāĻ•ā§āĻ¯ āĻšāĻ˛... āĻāĻŸāĻž āĻŦāĻ˛ā§‡, "āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ"āĨ¤
26:50
So this is ‘my parents’ with ‘me’.
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āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻāĻ‡ 'āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻŦāĻžāĻŦāĻž'āĻ° āĻ¸āĻžāĻĨā§‡ 'āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ°'āĨ¤
26:54
So I have to say, “we”. “We love Ongee”.
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āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ•ā§‡ āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻŦā§‡, "āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž"āĨ¤ "āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž Ongee āĻ­āĻžāĻ˛ā§‹āĻŦāĻžāĻ¸āĻŋ"āĨ¤
27:00
Okay. All of us.
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡. āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ¸āĻŦāĻžāĻ‡.
27:02
Okay, so, in this video we  learned about subjective pronouns.
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡, āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡, āĻāĻ‡ āĻ­āĻŋāĻĄāĻŋāĻ“āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇāĻ¯āĻŧāĻ­āĻŋāĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ• āĻ¸āĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻ¨āĻžāĻŽ āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ•ā§‡ āĻļāĻŋāĻ–ā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāĨ¤
27:07
I hope you guys have a good understanding  of ‘when’ and ‘how’ to use them.
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ†āĻļāĻž āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ 'āĻ•āĻ–āĻ¨' āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ 'āĻ•ā§€āĻ­āĻžāĻŦā§‡' āĻāĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻŦā§‡ āĻ¸ā§‡ āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ•ā§‡ āĻ­āĻžāĻ˛ āĻ§āĻžāĻ°āĻŖāĻž āĻĒā§‡āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ›ā§‡āĻ¨āĨ¤
27:12
Thank you for watching and I’ll see you guys next time.
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āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻžāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ•ā§‡ āĻ§āĻ¨ā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻžāĻĻ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻĒāĻ°ā§‡āĻ° āĻŦāĻžāĻ° āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻž āĻšāĻŦā§‡.
27:15
Bye.
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āĻŦāĻŋāĻĻāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤
27:24
Hi, everybody. Welcome to this video.
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āĻ¸āĻŦāĻžāĻ‡ āĻ•ā§‡āĻŽāĻ¨ āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡āĻ¨. āĻāĻ‡ āĻ­āĻŋāĻĄāĻŋāĻ“āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ—āĻ¤āĻŽāĨ¤
27:28
Now, in this video, we’re going to talk about subjective pronouns,
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āĻāĻ–āĻ¨, āĻāĻ‡ āĻ­āĻŋāĻĄāĻŋāĻ“āĻ¤ā§‡, āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇāĻ¯āĻŧāĻ—āĻ¤ āĻ¸āĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻ¨āĻžāĻŽ,
27:33
‘be’ verbs, and also, contractions.
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'āĻšāĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧāĻž' āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻāĻ›āĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻžāĻ“, āĻ¸āĻ‚āĻ•ā§‹āĻšāĻ¨ āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ•ā§‡ āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻšā§āĻ›āĻŋ āĨ¤
27:36
So let’s take a look at the board.
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āĻ¤ā§‹ āĻšāĻ˛ā§āĻ¨ āĻŦā§‹āĻ°ā§āĻĄ āĻĻā§‡āĻ–ā§‡ āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•āĨ¤
27:39
Okay. First, we have the subjective pronouns.
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡. āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽāĻ¤, āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻ¸āĻžāĻŦāĻœā§‡āĻ•ā§āĻŸāĻŋāĻ­ āĻ¸āĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻ¨āĻžāĻŽ āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤
27:44
And we have the ‘be’ verbs: am, is, and are.
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āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° 'āĻšāĻŦā§‡' āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡: am, is, āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ areāĨ¤
27:50
Okay. So let’s look at the first one.
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡. āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽ āĻāĻ• āĻ¤āĻžāĻ•āĻžāĻ¨.
27:53
“I am”. “I am Esther”.
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"āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ". "āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ‡āĻ¸ā§āĻŸāĻžāĻ°"āĨ¤
27:58
The contraction for ‘I am’ is ‘I’m’.
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'āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ'-āĻāĻ° āĻ¸āĻ‚āĻ•ā§‹āĻšāĻ¨ āĻšāĻ˛ 'āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ'āĨ¤
28:03
“I’m”.
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"āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ"āĨ¤
28:04
Now, a contraction is a more common way of saying subjective pronouns and their ‘be’ verb.
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āĻāĻ–āĻ¨, āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¸āĻ‚āĻ•ā§‹āĻšāĻ¨ āĻšāĻ˛ āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇāĻ¯āĻŧāĻ—āĻ¤ āĻ¸āĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻ¨āĻžāĻŽ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ¤āĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° 'āĻšāĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧāĻž' āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻŦāĻ˛āĻžāĻ° āĻ†āĻ°āĻ“ āĻ¸āĻžāĻ§āĻžāĻ°āĻŖ āĻ‰āĻĒāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤
28:11
It’s faster and quicker and shorter.
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āĻāĻŸāĻž āĻĻā§āĻ°ā§āĻ¤ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻĻā§āĻ°ā§āĻ¤ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ›ā§‹āĻŸ.
28:15
Okay, it’s more common.
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡, āĻāĻŸāĻž āĻ†āĻ°ā§‹ āĻ¸āĻžāĻ§āĻžāĻ°āĻŖ.
28:16
I want you to use contractions. Okay.
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻšāĻžāĻ‡ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ¸āĻ‚āĻ•ā§‹āĻšāĻ¨ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻ¨āĨ¤ āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
28:21
So, “I am” becomes “I’m”.
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āĻ¸ā§āĻ¤āĻ°āĻžāĻ‚, “āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ” āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ “āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ”āĨ¤
28:26
“He is” – “he’s”.
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"āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋ" - "āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋ"āĨ¤
28:31
“She is” - “she’s”.
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"āĻ¸ā§‡ āĻšāĻ˛ā§‹ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°".
28:34
“It is” - “it’s”.
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"āĻāĻŸāĻž āĻšāĻ˛ā§‹ āĻāĻŸāĻžāĻ‡".
28:38
Okay, let’s move on to the bottom.
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡, āĻāĻ° āĻ¨ā§€āĻšā§‡āĻ° āĻĻāĻŋāĻ•ā§‡ āĻ¸āĻ°āĻžāĻ¨ā§‹ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•.
28:40
“You are” becomes “you’re”.
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"āĻ¤ā§āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ†āĻ›ā§‹" āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ "āĻ¤ā§āĻŽāĻŋ"āĨ¤
28:44
“You’re”.
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"āĻ¤ā§āĻŽāĻŋ"āĨ¤
28:46
“We are” – “we’re”. “We’re”.
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"āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž" - "āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž"āĨ¤ "āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž"āĨ¤
28:51
and “They are”. The contraction is “they’re”.
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āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž". āĻ¸āĻ‚āĻ•ā§‹āĻšāĻ¨ āĻšāĻ˛ "āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž"āĨ¤
28:57
“They’re”.
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"āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž"āĨ¤
28:58
Okay, let’s move on to the next part.
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡, āĻāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§€ āĻ…āĻ‚āĻļā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•āĨ¤
29:00
Okay.
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
29:01
We’re going to take a look at some sentences using the ‘be’ verbs.
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž 'be' āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ›ā§ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¯ āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻšā§āĻ›āĻŋāĨ¤
29:07
Now, notice on the board,  I only used contractions.
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āĻāĻ–āĻ¨, āĻŦā§‹āĻ°ā§āĻĄā§‡ āĻ˛āĻ•ā§āĻˇā§āĻ¯ āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻ¨, āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻļā§āĻ§ā§āĻŽāĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻ° āĻ¸āĻ‚āĻ•ā§‹āĻšāĻ¨ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāĨ¤
29:11
Okay.
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
29:12
For example, instead of “I am”, I’m going to say “I’m”.
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āĻ‰āĻĻāĻžāĻšāĻ°āĻŖāĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻ°ā§‚āĻĒ, "āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ" āĻāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§‡, āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ "āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ" āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻšā§āĻ›āĻŋāĨ¤
29:17
So, the first sentence. “I’m a student”.
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āĻ¸ā§āĻ¤āĻ°āĻžāĻ‚, āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¯. "āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻœāĻ¨ āĻ›āĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻ°".
29:20
Okay. This means one.
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡. āĻāĻ‡ āĻāĻ• āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§‡.
29:23
So we have to say, “a student”.
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āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻŦā§‡, "āĻāĻ•āĻœāĻ¨ āĻ›āĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻ°"āĨ¤
29:26
“a”
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“āĻ•â€
29:27
Now many people make the mistake of saying,
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āĻāĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ•ā§‡āĻ‡ āĻāĻ‡ āĻŦāĻ˛ā§‡ āĻ­ā§āĻ˛ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡ āĻ¯ā§‡,
29:30
“I’m student”, but that’s wrong. Okay.
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“āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ›āĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻ°â€, āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§ āĻ¸ā§‡āĻŸāĻž āĻ­ā§āĻ˛āĨ¤ āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
29:33
You have to put ‘a’.
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āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ•ā§‡ 'āĻ•' āĻŦāĻ¸āĻžāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻŦā§‡āĨ¤
29:35
Now, before I read it, you  have to listen carefully.
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āĻāĻ–āĻ¨, āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻĒāĻĄāĻŧāĻžāĻ° āĻ†āĻ—ā§‡, āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ•ā§‡ āĻŽāĻ¨ā§‹āĻ¯ā§‹āĻ— āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻļā§āĻ¨āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻŦā§‡āĨ¤
29:39
‘I’m a’ - sounds like one word.
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'āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻœāĻ¨' - āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻŽāĻ¤ā§‹ āĻļā§‹āĻ¨āĻžāĻšā§āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤
29:42
“I’m aâ€Ļ” “I’m aâ€Ļ”
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"āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻœāĻ¨..." "āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻœāĻ¨..."
29:45
“I’m a student”.
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"āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻœāĻ¨ āĻ›āĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻ°"āĨ¤
29:47
Okay. Please repeat after me.
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡. āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻ—ā§āĻ°āĻš āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°ā§‡ āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āĻŦāĻ˛ā§‹.
29:49
“I’m a student”. “I’m a student”.
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"āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻœāĻ¨ āĻ›āĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻ°". "āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻœāĻ¨ āĻ›āĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻ°".
29:54
Okay, the next one, again, sounds like one word.
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡, āĻĒāĻ°ā§‡āĻ°āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ†āĻŦāĻžāĻ°, āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻŽāĻ¤ā§‹ āĻļā§‹āĻ¨āĻžāĻšā§āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤
29:57
“He’s aâ€Ļ”. “He’s aâ€Ļ”.
521
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29:57
Okay.soâ€Ļ
522
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29:57
“He’s a student”.
523
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29:57
Please repeat.
524
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"āĻ¸ā§‡ āĻāĻ•āĻœāĻ¨â€Ļ". "āĻ¸ā§‡ āĻāĻ•āĻœāĻ¨â€Ļ". āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡...
"āĻ¸ā§‡ āĻāĻ•āĻœāĻ¨ āĻ›āĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻ°"āĨ¤
āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻ—ā§āĻ°āĻš āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡ āĻĒā§āĻ¨āĻ°āĻžāĻŦā§ƒāĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻŋ āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻ¨āĨ¤
29:58
“He’s a student”. “He’s a student”.
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"āĻ¸ā§‡ āĻāĻ•āĻœāĻ¨ āĻ›āĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻ°". "āĻ¸ā§‡ āĻāĻ•āĻœāĻ¨ āĻ›āĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻ°".
30:01
Same thing.
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āĻāĻ•āĻ‡ āĻœāĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¸.
30:03
“She’s a student”.
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"āĻ¸ā§‡ āĻāĻ•āĻœāĻ¨ āĻ›āĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻ°ā§€".
30:04
Please repeat.
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āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻ—ā§āĻ°āĻš āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡ āĻĒā§āĻ¨āĻ°āĻžāĻŦā§ƒāĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻŋ āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻ¨āĨ¤
30:05
“She’s a student”. “She’s a student”.
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"āĻ¸ā§‡ āĻāĻ•āĻœāĻ¨ āĻ›āĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻ°ā§€". "āĻ¸ā§‡ āĻāĻ•āĻœāĻ¨ āĻ›āĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻ°ā§€".
30:16
Okay. The next sentence has ‘it’.
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡. āĻĒāĻ°ā§‡āĻ° āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¯āĻŸāĻŋāĻ¤ā§‡ 'āĻāĻŸāĻŋ' āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤
30:20
Now remember, ‘it’ is only used for a place, a thing or an animal.
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āĻāĻ–āĻ¨ āĻŽāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ°āĻžāĻ–āĻŦā§‡āĻ¨, 'āĻāĻŸāĻŋ' āĻļā§āĻ§ā§āĻŽāĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻ° āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻ¨, āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻœāĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¸ āĻŦāĻž āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻžāĻŖā§€āĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšā§ƒāĻ¤ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤
30:25
So we can’t have those things be a student.
532
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āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ›āĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻ° āĻšāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡ āĻ¨āĻž.
30:28
So we have to say, “It’s a dog”.
533
1828560
2320
āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻŦā§‡, "āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ•ā§āĻ•ā§āĻ°"āĨ¤
30:31
Okay, please repeat.
534
1831840
1440
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡, āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻ—ā§āĻ°āĻš āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡ āĻĒā§āĻ¨āĻ°āĻžāĻŦā§ƒāĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻŋ āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻ¨āĨ¤
30:33
“It’s a dog”. “It’s a dog”.
535
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800
"āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ•ā§āĻ•ā§āĻ°". "āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ•ā§āĻ•ā§āĻ°".
30:37
Okay, the next one.
536
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1200
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡, āĻĒāĻ°ā§‡āĻ°āĻŸāĻžāĨ¤
30:39
“You’re a student”.
537
1839120
1040
"āĻ¤ā§āĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻœāĻ¨ āĻ›āĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻ°".
30:41
Please repeat.
538
1841440
1200
āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻ—ā§āĻ°āĻš āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡ āĻĒā§āĻ¨āĻ°āĻžāĻŦā§ƒāĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻŋ āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻ¨āĨ¤
30:42
“You’re a student”. “You’re a student”.
539
1842640
3680
"āĻ¤ā§āĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻœāĻ¨ āĻ›āĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻ°". "āĻ¤ā§āĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻœāĻ¨ āĻ›āĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻ°".
30:47
Okay. Now let’s look at ‘we’re’.
540
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡. āĻāĻ–āĻ¨ āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻž āĻ¯āĻžāĻ• 'āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž'āĨ¤
30:50
“We’re students”. Okay.
541
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"āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ›āĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻ°"āĨ¤ āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
30:53
We took out the ‘a’ and we put an ‘s’
542
1853040
2480
āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž 'a' āĻŦā§‡āĻ° āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĻ›āĻŋ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ 's'
30:55
because ‘we’re’ means many people.
543
1855520
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āĻ°āĻžāĻ–āĻŋ āĻ•āĻžāĻ°āĻŖ 'āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž' āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ• āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻˇāĨ¤
30:58
Not one student, but many students.
544
1858160
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āĻāĻ•āĻœāĻ¨ āĻļāĻŋāĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻĨā§€ āĻ¨āĻ¯āĻŧ, āĻ…āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ• āĻļāĻŋāĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻĨā§€āĨ¤
31:01
So, we have to say, “we’re students”.
545
1861360
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āĻ¸ā§āĻ¤āĻ°āĻžāĻ‚, āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻŦā§‡, "āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ›āĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻ°"āĨ¤
31:04
Please repeat.
546
1864960
800
āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻ—ā§āĻ°āĻš āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡ āĻĒā§āĻ¨āĻ°āĻžāĻŦā§ƒāĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻŋ āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻ¨āĨ¤
31:06
“We’re students”. “We’re students”.
547
1866320
4080
"āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ›āĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻ°"āĨ¤ "āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ›āĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻ°"āĨ¤
31:11
The same thing goes for ‘they’.
548
1871600
1840
āĻāĻ•āĻ‡ āĻœāĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¸ 'āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž' āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ.
31:14
Again, ‘they’ means many peopleâ€Ļor many things.
549
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āĻ†āĻŦāĻžāĻ°, 'āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž' āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ• āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻˇ...āĻŦāĻž āĻ…āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ• āĻ•āĻŋāĻ›ā§āĨ¤
31:17
Here, we put ‘s’. And we took out the ‘a’.
550
1877360
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āĻāĻ–āĻžāĻ¨ā§‡, āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž 's' āĻ°āĻžāĻ–āĻŋāĨ¤ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž 'a' āĻŦā§‡āĻ° āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāĨ¤
31:20
So, “they’re students”.
551
1880960
1840
āĻ¸ā§āĻ¤āĻ°āĻžāĻ‚, "āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻ›āĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻ°"āĨ¤
31:23
Please repeat.
552
1883520
1200
āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻ—ā§āĻ°āĻš āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡ āĻĒā§āĻ¨āĻ°āĻžāĻŦā§ƒāĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻŋ āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻ¨āĨ¤
31:24
“They’re students”. “They’re students”.
553
1884720
3520
"āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻ›āĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻ°āĻ›āĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻ°ā§€". "āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻ›āĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻ°āĻ›āĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻ°ā§€".
31:29
Okay, we’re going to look at some more examples.
554
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡, āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ†āĻ°āĻ“ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ›ā§ āĻ‰āĻĻāĻžāĻšāĻ°āĻŖ āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻšā§āĻ›āĻŋāĨ¤
31:32
Please listen and repeat carefully.
555
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āĻĻāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡ āĻļā§āĻ¨ā§āĻ¨ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻŽāĻ¨ā§‹āĻ¯ā§‹āĻ— āĻ¸āĻšāĻ•āĻžāĻ°ā§‡ āĻĒā§āĻ¨āĻ°āĻžāĻŦā§ƒāĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻŋ āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻ¨āĨ¤
31:36
Let’s start with the first one: “I’m”.
556
1896240
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āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽāĻŸāĻŋ āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻļā§āĻ°ā§ āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•: "āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ"āĨ¤
31:38
“I’m a boy”. “I’m a boy”.
557
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"āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ›ā§‡āĻ˛ā§‡". "āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ›ā§‡āĻ˛ā§‡".
31:40
“I’m a girl”. “I’m a girl”.
558
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5560
"āĻ…āĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŽāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡". "āĻ…āĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŽāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡".
31:50
“He’s”.
559
1910320
320
31:50
“He’s a man”. “He’s a man”.
560
1910640
1760
"āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋ"āĨ¤
"āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻœāĻ¨ āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻˇ"āĨ¤ "āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻœāĻ¨ āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻˇ"āĨ¤
31:52
“He’s a boy”. “He’s a boy”.
561
1912400
5920
"āĻ¸ā§‡ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ›ā§‡āĻ˛ā§‡"āĨ¤ "āĻ¸ā§‡ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ›ā§‡āĻ˛ā§‡"āĨ¤
31:59
“She’s”.
562
1919760
160
31:59
“She’s a woman”. “She’s a woman”.
563
1919920
4960
"āĻ¸ā§‡"āĨ¤ "āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻœāĻ¨ āĻŽāĻšāĻŋāĻ˛āĻž"āĨ¤ "āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻœāĻ¨ āĻŽāĻšāĻŋāĻ˛āĻž"āĨ¤
32:06
“She’s a girl”. “She’s a girl”.
564
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800
"āĻ¸ā§‡ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŽā§‡āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡"āĨ¤ "āĻ¸ā§‡ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŽā§‡āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡"āĨ¤
32:09
“It’s”.
565
1929920
240
"āĻāĻŸāĻŋ"āĨ¤ "āĻāĻŸāĻž āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻž āĻ•ā§‡āĻĻāĻžāĻ°āĻž". "āĻāĻŸāĻž āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻž āĻ•ā§‡āĻĻāĻžāĻ°āĻž".
32:10
“It’s a chair”. “It’s a chair”.
566
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32:19
“It’s a cat”. “It’s a cat”.
567
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"āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻĄāĻŧāĻžāĻ˛". "āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻĄāĻŧāĻžāĻ˛".
32:27
“You’re”.
568
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400
"āĻ¤ā§āĻŽāĻŋ"āĨ¤
32:29
“You’re a singer”. “You’re a singer”.
569
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"āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻœāĻ¨ āĻ—āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĻ•"āĨ¤ "āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻœāĻ¨ āĻ—āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĻ•"āĨ¤
32:34
“You’re a friend”. “You’re a friend”.
570
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"āĻ¤ā§āĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻœāĻ¨ āĻŦāĻ¨ā§āĻ§ā§"āĨ¤ "āĻ¤ā§āĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻœāĻ¨ āĻŦāĻ¨ā§āĻ§ā§"āĨ¤
32:40
“We’re”.
571
1960000
920
32:40
“We’re sisters”. “We’re sisters”.
572
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2120
"āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž"āĨ¤
"āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻŦā§‹āĻ¨"āĨ¤ "āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻŦā§‹āĻ¨"āĨ¤
32:44
“We’re brothers”. “We’re brothers”.
573
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"āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ­āĻžāĻ‡"āĨ¤ "āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ­āĻžāĻ‡"āĨ¤
32:53
“They’re”.
574
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267
32:53
“They’re people”. “They’re people”.
575
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"āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž"āĨ¤ "āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻˇ"āĨ¤ "āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻˇ"āĨ¤
33:01
“They’re cars”. “They’re cars”.
576
1981120
4000
"āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻ—āĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋ"āĨ¤ "āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻ—āĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋ"āĨ¤
33:07
Well I hope that this video helped you understand
577
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āĻ†āĻšā§āĻ›āĻž āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ†āĻļāĻž āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋ āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻāĻ‡ āĻ­āĻŋāĻĄāĻŋāĻ“āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ•ā§‡ āĻŦā§āĻāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ¸āĻžāĻšāĻžāĻ¯ā§āĻ¯ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĻ›ā§‡ āĻ¯ā§‡
33:10
how to use subjective pronouns,
578
1990560
2720
āĻ•ā§€āĻ­āĻžāĻŦā§‡ āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇāĻ¯āĻŧāĻ­āĻŋāĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ• āĻ¸āĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻ¨āĻžāĻŽ,
33:13
their ‘be’ verbs, and also contractions.
579
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āĻ¤āĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° 'āĻšāĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧāĻž' āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ¸āĻ‚āĻ•ā§‹āĻšāĻ¨āĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤
33:16
Now, before we go, I wanted to share a  little bit about myself using the lesson.
580
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āĻāĻ–āĻ¨, āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ¯āĻžāĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ° āĻ†āĻ—ā§‡, āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻĒāĻžāĻ āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻœā§‡āĻ° āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ•ā§‡ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ›ā§āĻŸāĻž āĻ­āĻžāĻ— āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšā§‡āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛āĻžāĻŽāĨ¤
33:23
So, first, remember, “I’m aâ€Ļ”.
581
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āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡, āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽā§‡ āĻŽāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ°āĻžāĻ–āĻŦā§‡āĻ¨, "āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻœāĻ¨..."āĨ¤
33:26
“I’m a girl”.
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"āĻ…āĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŽāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡".
33:29
Also, “I’m a teacher”.
583
2009440
1920
āĻāĻ›āĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻžāĻ“, "āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻœāĻ¨ āĻļāĻŋāĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻ•"āĨ¤
33:33
“I’m an American”.
584
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"āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻœāĻ¨ āĻ†āĻŽā§‡āĻ°āĻŋāĻ•āĻžāĻ¨"āĨ¤
33:35
Now, the word ‘American’  starts with the vowel ‘a’,
585
2015920
4080
āĻāĻ–āĻ¨, 'āĻ†āĻŽā§‡āĻ°āĻŋāĻ•āĻžāĻ¨' āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻāĻŸāĻŋ 'āĻ' āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻ°āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻŖ āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻļā§āĻ°ā§ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧ,
33:40
so we have to say ‘an’.
586
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āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻŦā§‡ 'āĻ†āĻ¨'āĨ¤
33:42
“I’m an American”.
587
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"āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻœāĻ¨ āĻ†āĻŽā§‡āĻ°āĻŋāĻ•āĻžāĻ¨"āĨ¤
33:45
And “I’m an animal lover”.
588
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āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ "āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻœāĻ¨ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻžāĻŖā§€ āĻĒā§āĻ°ā§‡āĻŽāĻŋāĻ•"āĨ¤
33:48
Again, same thing.
589
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āĻ†āĻŦāĻžāĻ°, āĻāĻ•āĻ‡ āĻœāĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¸.
33:49
‘Animal’ starts with the vowel ‘a’,
590
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'Animal' āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻ°āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻŖ 'a' āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻļā§āĻ°ā§ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧ,
33:52
so we have to put ‘an’.
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āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° 'an' āĻŦāĻ¸āĻžāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻŦā§‡āĨ¤
33:54
“I’m an animal lover”.
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"āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻœāĻ¨ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻžāĻŖā§€ āĻĒā§āĻ°ā§‡āĻŽāĻŋāĻ•"āĨ¤
33:55
And that means someone who loves animals.
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āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻāĻ° āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻāĻŽāĻ¨ āĻ•ā§‡āĻ‰ āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻžāĻŖā§€āĻ•ā§‡ āĻ­āĻžāĻ˛āĻŦāĻžāĻ¸ā§‡āĨ¤
33:58
I love dogs and cats and other animals.
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ•ā§āĻ•ā§āĻ° āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻŦāĻŋāĻĄāĻŧāĻžāĻ˛ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻžāĻŖā§€ āĻ­āĻžāĻ˛ā§‹āĻŦāĻžāĻ¸āĻŋ.
34:01
So, “I’m an animal lover”.
595
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āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡, "āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻœāĻ¨ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻžāĻŖā§€ āĻĒā§āĻ°ā§‡āĻŽāĻŋāĻ•"āĨ¤
34:04
Okay.
596
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34:04
Well, that’s it and thank you for watching.
597
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
āĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ˛, āĻāĻŸāĻž āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻžāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ•ā§‡ āĻ§āĻ¨ā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻžāĻĻ.
34:06
And I’ll see you guys next time.
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āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻĒāĻ°ā§‡āĻ° āĻŦāĻžāĻ° āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻž āĻšāĻŦā§‡.
34:08
Bye.
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āĻŦāĻŋāĻĻāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤
34:18
Hi, everybody.
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āĻ¸āĻŦāĻžāĻ‡ āĻ•ā§‡āĻŽāĻ¨ āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡āĻ¨.
34:20
In this video, we’re going to talk about subjective pronouns,
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āĻāĻ‡ āĻ­āĻŋāĻĄāĻŋāĻ“āĻ¤ā§‡, āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇāĻ¯āĻŧāĻ—āĻ¤ āĻ¸āĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻ¨āĻžāĻŽ,
34:24
‘be’ verbs,
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'āĻšāĻ“' āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž
34:26
and how to use them with the word ‘not’.
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āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ•ā§€āĻ­āĻžāĻŦā§‡ āĻ¸ā§‡āĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋ 'āĻ¨āĻž' āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻ¸āĻžāĻĨā§‡ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ¸ā§‡ āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ•ā§‡ āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻšā§āĻ›āĻŋ
34:29
Okay. So, let’s look at the board to help us out.
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āĨ¤ āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡. āĻ¸ā§āĻ¤āĻ°āĻžāĻ‚, āĻ†āĻ¸ā§āĻ¨ āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻ¸āĻžāĻšāĻžāĻ¯ā§āĻ¯ āĻ•āĻ°āĻžāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻŦā§‹āĻ°ā§āĻĄā§‡āĻ° āĻĻāĻŋāĻ•ā§‡ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ•āĻžāĻ‡āĨ¤
34:33
Now the first sentence says, “I’m not a student”.
605
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āĻāĻ–āĻ¨ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¯āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ›ā§‡, “āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ›āĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻ° āĻ¨āĻ‡â€āĨ¤
34:37
‘Not’ means it’s not true.
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'āĻ¨āĻž' āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻāĻŸāĻž āĻ¸āĻ¤ā§āĻ¯ āĻ¨āĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤
34:40
No.
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āĻ¨āĻžāĨ¤
34:41
So remember, “I’m a student” means ‘yes’.
608
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āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻŽāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ°āĻžāĻ–āĻŦā§‡āĻ¨, "āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻœāĻ¨ āĻ›āĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻ°" āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§‡ 'āĻšā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ'āĨ¤
34:44
“I’m a student”.
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"āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻœāĻ¨ āĻ›āĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻ°".
34:45
I go to school, and I learn.
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ¸ā§āĻ•ā§āĻ˛ā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ‡, āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻļāĻŋāĻ–āĻŋāĨ¤
34:48
“I’m not a student” means ‘no’.
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"āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ›āĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻ° āĻ¨āĻ‡" āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§‡ 'āĻ¨āĻž'āĨ¤
34:50
“I’m a teacher” or “No, I’m not a student”.
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"āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻœāĻ¨ āĻļāĻŋāĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻ•" āĻŦāĻž "āĻ¨āĻž, āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ›āĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻ° āĻ¨āĻ‡"āĨ¤
34:54
Okay.
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
34:55
Now, notice, we first have the subjective pronoun and the ‘be’ verb.
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āĻāĻ–āĻ¨, āĻ˛āĻ•ā§āĻˇā§āĻ¯ āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻ¨, āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽā§‡ āĻ¸āĻžāĻŦāĻœā§‡āĻ•ā§āĻŸāĻŋāĻ­ āĻ¸āĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻ¨āĻžāĻŽ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ 'āĻŦā§‡' āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤
35:02
Then, we put ‘not’.
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āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻĒāĻ°, āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž 'āĻ¨āĻž' āĻ°āĻžāĻ–āĻŋāĨ¤
35:04
Okay.
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
35:05
‘Not’ comes after.
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'āĻ¨āĻž' āĻĒāĻ°ā§‡ āĻ†āĻ¸ā§‡āĨ¤
35:07
And then we have the noun.
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āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻĒāĻ° āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§āĻ¯ āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
35:09
Okay.
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
35:10
“I’m not a student”.
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"āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻœāĻ¨ āĻ›āĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻ° āĻ¨āĻ‡".
35:12
Okay.
621
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35:12
Now, also, listen carefully.
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
āĻāĻ–āĻ¨, āĻāĻ›āĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻžāĻ“, āĻŽāĻ¨ā§‹āĻ¯ā§‹āĻ— āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻļā§āĻ¨ā§āĻ¨.
35:15
“Not aâ€Ļ” sounds like one word.
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"āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¨āĻ¯āĻŧ ..." āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻŽāĻ¤ā§‹ āĻļā§‹āĻ¨āĻžāĻšā§āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤
35:18
“I’m not a student”.
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"āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻœāĻ¨ āĻ›āĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻ° āĻ¨āĻ‡".
35:20
“Not aâ€Ļ”.
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"āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¨āĻ¯āĻŧ..."āĨ¤
35:22
“I’m not a student”.
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"āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻœāĻ¨ āĻ›āĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻ° āĻ¨āĻ‡".
35:24
Okay, let’s look at the next one.
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡, āĻāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°ā§‡āĻ°āĻŸāĻŋ āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻŋāĨ¤
35:26
“He’s not a student”.
628
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"āĻ¸ā§‡ āĻ›āĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻ° āĻ¨āĻ¯āĻŧ"āĨ¤
35:29
“He’s not a student”.
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"āĻ¸ā§‡ āĻ›āĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻ° āĻ¨āĻ¯āĻŧ"āĨ¤
35:33
“She’s not a student”.
630
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"āĻ¸ā§‡ āĻāĻ•āĻœāĻ¨ āĻ›āĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻ°ā§€ āĻ¨āĻ¯āĻŧ"āĨ¤
35:35
“She’s not a student”.
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"āĻ¸ā§‡ āĻāĻ•āĻœāĻ¨ āĻ›āĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻ°ā§€ āĻ¨āĻ¯āĻŧ"āĨ¤
35:39
“It’s not a dog”.
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"āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ•ā§āĻ•ā§āĻ° āĻ¨āĻ¯āĻŧ"āĨ¤
35:42
Remember, ‘it’ is used for place, thing or animal.
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āĻŽāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ°āĻžāĻ–āĻŦā§‡āĻ¨, 'āĻāĻŸāĻŋ' āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻ¨, āĻœāĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¸ āĻŦāĻž āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻžāĻŖā§€āĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšā§ƒāĻ¤ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤
35:48
So, “It’s not a dog”.
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āĻ¸ā§āĻ¤āĻ°āĻžāĻ‚, "āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ•ā§āĻ•ā§āĻ° āĻ¨āĻ¯āĻŧ"āĨ¤
35:51
Okay.
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
35:52
“You’re not a student”.
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"āĻ¤ā§āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ›āĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻ° āĻ¨āĻ“"āĨ¤
35:55
“You’re not a student”.
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"āĻ¤ā§āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ›āĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻ° āĻ¨āĻ“"āĨ¤
35:58
Okay, the next one is a little bit different.
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡, āĻĒāĻ°ā§‡āĻ°āĻŸāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŸā§ āĻ­āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¨āĨ¤
36:01
We have ‘we are’.
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡ 'āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ†āĻ›āĻŋ'āĨ¤
36:03
“We’re”.
640
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880
36:03
Now, remember, ‘we’ means more than one.
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"āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž"āĨ¤
āĻāĻ–āĻ¨ āĻŽāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ°āĻžāĻ–āĻŦā§‡āĻ¨, 'āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž' āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻāĻ•āĻžāĻ§āĻŋāĻ•āĨ¤
36:07
Many.
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720
36:07
Okay.
643
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āĻ…āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ•
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
36:08
So we say “students”.
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āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻŦāĻ˛āĻŋ "āĻ›āĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻ°"āĨ¤
36:09
We put an ‘s’ and we don’t put an ‘a’ in front.
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ 's' āĻ°āĻžāĻ–āĻŋ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ 'a' āĻ¸āĻžāĻŽāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ°āĻžāĻ–āĻŋ āĻ¨āĻžāĨ¤
36:13
“We’re not students”.
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"āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ›āĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻ° āĻ¨āĻ‡"āĨ¤
36:16
“We’re not students”.
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"āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ›āĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻ° āĻ¨āĻ‡"āĨ¤
36:18
Okay. And ‘they’re’ is the same thing.
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡. āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ 'āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž' āĻāĻ•āĻ‡ āĻœāĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¸āĨ¤
36:21
It means more than one.
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āĻāĻ° āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĨ āĻāĻ•āĻžāĻ§āĻŋāĻ•āĨ¤
36:23
So, “They’re not students”.
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āĻ¸ā§āĻ¤āĻ°āĻžāĻ‚, "āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻ›āĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻ° āĻ¨āĻ¯āĻŧ"āĨ¤
36:26
“They’re not students”.
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"āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻ›āĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻ° āĻ¨āĻ¯āĻŧ"āĨ¤
36:28
Okay, we’re going to look at some more examples.
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡, āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ†āĻ°āĻ“ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ›ā§ āĻ‰āĻĻāĻžāĻšāĻ°āĻŖ āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻšā§āĻ›āĻŋāĨ¤
36:31
I want you to listen carefully and repeat after the examples.
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻšāĻžāĻ‡ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻŽāĻ¨ā§‹āĻ¯ā§‹āĻ— āĻ¸āĻšāĻ•āĻžāĻ°ā§‡ āĻļā§āĻ¨ā§āĻ¨ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ‰āĻĻāĻžāĻšāĻ°āĻŖāĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°ā§‡ āĻĒā§āĻ¨āĻ°āĻžāĻŦā§ƒāĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻŋ āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻ¨āĨ¤
36:36
Let’s start with the first one.
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āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽāĻŸāĻž āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻļā§āĻ°ā§ āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•āĨ¤
36:38
“I’m not”.
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"āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ¨āĻ‡".
36:40
“I’m not a boy”.
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"āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ›ā§‡āĻ˛ā§‡ āĻ¨āĻ‡"āĨ¤
36:44
“I’m not a boy”.
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"āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ›ā§‡āĻ˛ā§‡ āĻ¨āĻ‡"āĨ¤
36:47
“I’m not a girl”.
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"āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻž āĻŽā§‡āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻ¨āĻ‡".
36:50
“I’m not a girl”.
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"āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻž āĻŽā§‡āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻ¨āĻ‡".
36:53
“He’s not”.
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"āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ¨āĻž".
36:55
“He’s not a man”.
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2215440
1040
"āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻœāĻ¨ āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻˇ āĻ¨āĻ¨"āĨ¤
36:58
“He’s not a man”.
662
2218640
1040
"āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻœāĻ¨ āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻˇ āĻ¨āĻ¨"āĨ¤
37:02
“He’s not a boy”.
663
2222160
1040
"āĻ¸ā§‡ āĻ›ā§‡āĻ˛ā§‡ āĻ¨āĻ¯āĻŧ"āĨ¤
37:05
“He’s not a boy”.
664
2225200
2960
"āĻ¸ā§‡ āĻ›ā§‡āĻ˛ā§‡ āĻ¨āĻ¯āĻŧ"āĨ¤
37:08
“She’s not”.
665
2228160
880
"āĻ¸ā§‡ āĻ¨āĻž".
37:10
“She’s not a woman”.
666
2230320
1040
"āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻœāĻ¨ āĻŽāĻšāĻŋāĻ˛āĻž āĻ¨āĻ¨"āĨ¤
37:14
“She’s not a woman”.
667
2234000
1120
"āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻœāĻ¨ āĻŽāĻšāĻŋāĻ˛āĻž āĻ¨āĻ¨"āĨ¤
37:17
“She’s not a girl”.
668
2237280
1200
"āĻ¸ā§‡ āĻŽā§‡āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻ¨āĻ¯āĻŧ"āĨ¤
37:20
“She’s not a girl”.
669
2240400
1440
"āĻ¸ā§‡ āĻŽā§‡āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻ¨āĻ¯āĻŧ"āĨ¤
37:23
“It’s not”.
670
2243680
800
"āĻāĻŸāĻž āĻ¨āĻž"āĨ¤
37:26
“It’s not a chair”.
671
2246000
1040
"āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻšā§‡āĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ° āĻ¨āĻ¯āĻŧ"āĨ¤
37:29
“It’s not a chair”.
672
2249360
1120
"āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻšā§‡āĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ° āĻ¨āĻ¯āĻŧ"āĨ¤
37:32
“It’s not a cat”.
673
2252880
3040
"āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻĄāĻŧāĻžāĻ˛ āĻ¨āĻ¯āĻŧ"āĨ¤
37:35
“It’s not a cat”.
674
2255920
1120
"āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻĄāĻŧāĻžāĻ˛ āĻ¨āĻ¯āĻŧ"āĨ¤
37:39
“You’re not”.
675
2259520
880
"āĻ¤ā§āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ¨āĻ“".
37:41
“You’re not a singer”
676
2261520
1200
"āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻœāĻ¨ āĻ—āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĻ• āĻ¨āĻ¨"
37:45
“You’re not a singer”.
677
2265200
1280
"āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻœāĻ¨ āĻ—āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĻ• āĻ¨āĻ¨"āĨ¤
37:48
“You’re not a friend”.
678
2268960
1280
"āĻ¤ā§āĻŽāĻŋ āĻŦāĻ¨ā§āĻ§ā§ āĻ¨āĻ“"āĨ¤
37:51
“You’re not a friend”.
679
2271920
1360
"āĻ¤ā§āĻŽāĻŋ āĻŦāĻ¨ā§āĻ§ā§ āĻ¨āĻ“"āĨ¤
37:55
“We’re not”.
680
2275440
720
"āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ¨āĻ‡"āĨ¤
37:57
“We’re not sisters”.
681
2277760
1440
"āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻŦā§‹āĻ¨ āĻ¨āĻ‡"āĨ¤
38:00
“We’re not sisters”.
682
2280960
2880
"āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻŦā§‹āĻ¨ āĻ¨āĻ‡"āĨ¤
38:04
“We’re not brothers”.
683
2284640
1360
"āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ­āĻžāĻ‡ āĻ¨āĻ‡"āĨ¤
38:07
“We’re not brothers”.
684
2287600
1440
"āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ­āĻžāĻ‡ āĻ¨āĻ‡"āĨ¤
38:10
“They’re not”.
685
2290480
800
"āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻ¨āĻž".
38:12
“They’re not people”.
686
2292720
1280
"āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻˇ āĻ¨āĻ¯āĻŧ"āĨ¤
38:15
“They’re not people”.
687
2295600
2240
"āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻˇ āĻ¨āĻ¯āĻŧ"āĨ¤
38:18
“They’re not cars”.
688
2298720
1360
"āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻ—āĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋ āĻ¨āĻ¯āĻŧ"āĨ¤
38:22
“They’re not cars”.
689
2302240
1360
"āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻ—āĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋ āĻ¨āĻ¯āĻŧ"āĨ¤
38:24
Okay, so in this video, we learned how to use subjective pronouns
690
2304680
5480
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡, āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻāĻ‡ āĻ­āĻŋāĻĄāĻŋāĻ“āĻ¤ā§‡, āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻļāĻŋāĻ–ā§‡āĻ›āĻŋ āĻ•ā§€āĻ­āĻžāĻŦā§‡
38:30
with the ‘be’ verb
691
2310160
1440
'āĻŦā§‡' āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻĒāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻ¸āĻžāĻĨā§‡
38:31
and how to use them with the word ‘not’. Okay.
692
2311600
3520
āĻ¸āĻžāĻŦāĻœā§‡āĻ•ā§āĻŸāĻŋāĻ­ āĻ¸āĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻ¨āĻžāĻŽ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ•ā§€āĻ­āĻžāĻŦā§‡ 'āĻ¨āĻž' āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻ¸āĻžāĻĨā§‡ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤ āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
38:35
So, I wrote some sentences about  myself using what we learned.
693
2315120
4720
āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡, āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ¯āĻž āĻļāĻŋāĻ–ā§‡āĻ›āĻŋ āĻ¤āĻž āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻœā§‡āĻ° āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ•ā§‡ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ›ā§ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¯ āĻ˛āĻŋāĻ–ā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāĨ¤
38:40
So remember, “I’m not aâ€Ļ”.
694
2320640
2080
āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻŽāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ°āĻžāĻ–āĻŦā§‡āĻ¨, "āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻœāĻ¨ āĻ¨āĻ‡..."āĨ¤
38:43
Okay.
695
2323280
400
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
38:44
“I’m not a boy”.
696
2324320
2000
"āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ›ā§‡āĻ˛ā§‡ āĻ¨āĻ‡"āĨ¤
38:46
“I’m not a boy”.
697
2326320
1120
"āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ›ā§‡āĻ˛ā§‡ āĻ¨āĻ‡"āĨ¤
38:48
“I’m not a student”.
698
2328960
1200
"āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻœāĻ¨ āĻ›āĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻ° āĻ¨āĻ‡".
38:51
“I’m not a student”.
699
2331040
1280
"āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻœāĻ¨ āĻ›āĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻ° āĻ¨āĻ‡".
38:53
“I’m not a Canadian”.
700
2333920
1280
"āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ•āĻžāĻ¨āĻžāĻĄāĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ¨ āĻ¨āĻ‡"āĨ¤
38:56
“I’m not a Canadian”.
701
2336400
1360
"āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ•āĻžāĻ¨āĻžāĻĄāĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ¨ āĻ¨āĻ‡"āĨ¤
38:58
And the last one.
702
2338560
1520
āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ¸āĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻļā§‡āĻˇāĻŸāĻŋ.
39:00
“I’m not a loser”.
703
2340080
1040
"āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻœāĻ¨ āĻĒāĻ°āĻžāĻœāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻ¨āĻ‡"āĨ¤
39:02
“I’m not a loser”.
704
2342160
1120
"āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻœāĻ¨ āĻĒāĻ°āĻžāĻœāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻ¨āĻ‡"āĨ¤
39:04
Okay.
705
2344400
800
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
39:05
So that was a little bit about me.
706
2345200
2320
āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ•ā§‡ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¸āĻžāĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻŦāĻŋāĻŸ āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛.
39:07
Thanks for watching and  I’ll see you guys next time.
707
2347520
2560
āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻžāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ§āĻ¨ā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻžāĻĻ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻĒāĻ°ā§‡āĻ° āĻŦāĻžāĻ° āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻž āĻšāĻŦā§‡.
39:10
Bye.
708
2350080
3760
āĻŦāĻŋāĻĻāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤
39:20
Hi, everybody.
709
2360320
960
āĻ¸āĻŦāĻžāĻ‡ āĻ•ā§‡āĻŽāĻ¨ āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡āĻ¨.
39:22
In this video, I’m going to talk about how to make questions using subjective pronouns
710
2362000
6160
āĻāĻ‡ āĻ­āĻŋāĻĄāĻŋāĻ“āĻ¤ā§‡, āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ•ā§€āĻ­āĻžāĻŦā§‡ āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇāĻ¯āĻŧāĻ­āĻŋāĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ• āĻ¸āĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻ¨āĻžāĻŽ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ 'āĻŦā§‡' āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻļā§āĻ¨ āĻ¤ā§ˆāĻ°āĻŋ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ¸ā§‡ āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ•ā§‡ āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻšā§āĻ›āĻŋ
39:28
and ‘be’ verbs.
711
2368160
1760
āĨ¤
39:29
Okay.
712
2369920
400
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
39:30
So, let’s take a look at the board.
713
2370320
1680
āĻ¸ā§āĻ¤āĻ°āĻžāĻ‚, āĻāĻ° āĻŦā§‹āĻ°ā§āĻĄ āĻ•āĻŸāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻĒāĻžāĻ¤ āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•.
39:33
So, this example sentence says.
714
2373520
2560
āĻ¸ā§āĻ¤āĻ°āĻžāĻ‚, āĻāĻ‡ āĻ‰āĻĻāĻžāĻšāĻ°āĻŖ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¯ āĻŦāĻ˛ā§‡.
39:36
“I’m a student”.
715
2376080
1040
"āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻœāĻ¨ āĻ›āĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻ°".
39:37
Okay.
716
2377840
720
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
39:38
Remember, “I’m” is just a contraction for “I am”.
717
2378560
4160
āĻŽāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ°āĻžāĻ–āĻŦā§‡āĻ¨, "āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ†āĻ›āĻŋ" āĻļā§āĻ§ā§āĻŽāĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻ° "āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ" āĻāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¸āĻ‚āĻ•ā§‹āĻšāĻ¨āĨ¤
39:43
Okay.
718
2383360
640
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
39:44
So, “I’m a student”.
719
2384000
1440
āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡, "āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻœāĻ¨ āĻ›āĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻ°"āĨ¤
39:46
“I am a student”.
720
2386240
2080
"āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻœāĻ¨ āĻ›āĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻ°".
39:48
They mean the same thing.
721
2388320
1440
āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻāĻ•āĻ‡ āĻœāĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¸ āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§‡āĨ¤
39:50
Now when we want to make a question,
722
2390800
2720
āĻāĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ¯āĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻļā§āĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻžāĻ‡,
39:53
we just have to make a simple  change. It’s very easy.
723
2393520
3760
āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻļā§āĻ§ā§ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¸āĻžāĻ§āĻžāĻ°āĻŖ āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤āĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻŦā§‡āĨ¤ āĻāĻŸāĻž āĻ–ā§āĻŦ āĻ¸āĻšāĻœ.
39:58
All you have to do is put  the ‘be’ verb in the front.
724
2398080
3680
āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ•ā§‡ āĻ¯āĻž āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻŦā§‡ āĻ¤āĻž āĻšāĻ˛ 'be' āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¸āĻžāĻŽāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ°āĻžāĻ–āĻžāĨ¤
40:02
Okay.
725
2402320
880
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
40:03
So, “Am I a student?”.
726
2403200
4720
āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡, "āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ•āĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻœāĻ¨ āĻ›āĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻ°?"
40:07
“Am I a student?”.
727
2407920
560
"āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ•āĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻœāĻ¨ āĻļāĻŋāĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻĨā§€?".
40:08
The ‘be’ verb comes in the front.
728
2408480
2640
'āĻŦā§‡' āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¸āĻžāĻŽāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ†āĻ¸ā§‡āĨ¤
40:11
Okay.
729
2411120
560
40:11
I also want you to listen to my intonation.
730
2411680
3280
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋāĻ“ āĻšāĻžāĻ‡ āĻ¤ā§āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻ° āĻļā§āĻ¨ā§‹āĨ¤
40:15
When I say it in a sentence, “I’m a student”.
731
2415600
3600
āĻ¯āĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻŦāĻ˛āĻŋ, “āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻœāĻ¨ āĻ›āĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻ°â€āĨ¤
40:20
“I’m a student”.
732
2420640
960
"āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻœāĻ¨ āĻ›āĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻ°".
40:22
Okay, then when I say it in a question.
733
2422480
2480
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡, āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻĒāĻ° āĻ¯āĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻļā§āĻ¨ā§‡ āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻ˛āĻŋāĨ¤
40:24
“Am I a student?”.
734
2424960
1120
"āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ•āĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻœāĻ¨ āĻļāĻŋāĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻĨā§€?".
40:27
“Am I a student?”.
735
2427120
1120
"āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ•āĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻœāĻ¨ āĻļāĻŋāĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻĨā§€?".
40:28
Notice my intonation goes up for the question.
736
2428960
3360
āĻ˛āĻ•ā§āĻˇā§āĻ¯ āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻ¨ āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻ° āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻļā§āĻ¨āĻŸāĻŋāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ‰āĻ ā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤
40:33
Okay, now there are two possible answers for this question.
737
2433520
4880
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡, āĻāĻ–āĻ¨ āĻāĻ‡ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻļā§āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻĻā§āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻ­āĻžāĻŦā§āĻ¯ āĻ‰āĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻ° āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤
40:38
“Am I a student?”.
738
2438960
1040
"āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ•āĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻœāĻ¨ āĻļāĻŋāĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻĨā§€?".
40:41
The answers you can say are: “Yes, I am”.
739
2441120
3840
āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻ‰āĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻ°āĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋ āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡āĻ¨ āĻ¤āĻž āĻšāĻ˛: "āĻšā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ, āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ"āĨ¤
40:46
“Yes, I am”.
740
2446240
1440
"āĻšā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ".
40:48
Okay.
741
2448400
800
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
40:49
And, “No, I’m not”.
742
2449200
2640
āĻāĻŦāĻ‚, "āĻ¨āĻž, āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ¨āĻ‡"āĨ¤
40:52
“No, I’m not”.
743
2452560
1360
"āĻ¨āĻž āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ¨āĻ‡".
40:55
Okay.
744
2455280
720
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
40:56
We’re going to look at some more examples.
745
2456000
2320
āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ†āĻ°ā§‹ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ›ā§ āĻ‰āĻĻāĻžāĻšāĻ°āĻŖ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ•āĻžāĻ¨ āĻšāĻ˛ā§āĻ¨.
40:58
Please make sure you repeat after each example.
746
2458320
3280
āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¤āĻŋāĻŸāĻŋ āĻ‰āĻĻāĻžāĻšāĻ°āĻŖ āĻĒāĻ°ā§‡ āĻĒā§āĻ¨āĻ°āĻžāĻŦā§ƒāĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻŋ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻļā§āĻšāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻ¨.
41:02
Let’s look at the first one.
747
2462800
1280
āĻāĻ° āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽ āĻāĻ• āĻ¤āĻžāĻ•āĻžāĻ¨.
41:04
“Am Iâ€Ļ?”.
748
2464880
960
"āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ•āĻŋâ€Ļ?".
41:06
“Am I a girl?”.
749
2466560
960
"āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ•āĻŋ āĻŽā§‡āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡?"
41:08
“Yes, I am”.
750
2468880
1200
"āĻšā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ".
41:11
“Am I a boy?”.
751
2471280
880
"āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ•āĻŋ āĻ›ā§‡āĻ˛ā§‡?".
41:13
“No, I’m not”.
752
2473680
1120
"āĻ¨āĻž āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ¨āĻ‡".
41:16
“Am I a singer?”.
753
2476320
960
"āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ•āĻŋ āĻ—āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĻ•?"
41:18
“Yes, I am”.
754
2478480
1360
"āĻšā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ".
41:20
“Am I a friend?”.
755
2480960
960
"āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ•āĻŋ āĻŦāĻ¨ā§āĻ§ā§?"
41:23
“No, I’m not”.
756
2483040
1200
"āĻ¨āĻž āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ¨āĻ‡".
41:25
Now, we’re going to talk about “he is” and “she is” and how to use them in questions.
757
2485840
7200
āĻāĻ–āĻ¨, āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž "āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋ" āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ "āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋ" āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ•ā§‡ āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻšā§āĻ›āĻŋ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ•ā§€āĻ­āĻžāĻŦā§‡ āĻ¸ā§‡āĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋāĻ•ā§‡ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻļā§āĻ¨ā§‡ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤
41:33
So let’s look at the sentence on the board.
758
2493040
2080
āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻ†āĻ¸ā§āĻ¨ āĻŦā§‹āĻ°ā§āĻĄā§‡ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¯āĻŸāĻŋ āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻŋāĨ¤
41:35
“He’s a doctor”.
759
2495920
1520
"āĻ¸ā§‡ āĻāĻ•āĻœāĻ¨ āĻĄāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°".
41:38
Orâ€Ļ
760
2498640
720
āĻ…āĻĨāĻŦāĻž...
41:39
“She’s a doctor”.
761
2499360
1520
"āĻ¸ā§‡ āĻāĻ•āĻœāĻ¨ āĻĄāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°"āĨ¤
41:41
Remember, “he’s” and “she’s” are contractions for “he is” and “she is”.
762
2501840
8320
āĻŽāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ°āĻžāĻ–āĻŦā§‡āĻ¨, "āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋ" āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ "āĻ¸ā§‡" āĻšāĻ˛ "āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋ" āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ "āĻ¸ā§‡" āĻāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ¸āĻ‚āĻ•ā§‹āĻšāĻ¨āĨ¤
41:50
The ‘be’ verb there is ‘is’.
763
2510800
2160
āĻ¸ā§‡āĻ–āĻžāĻ¨ā§‡ 'āĻšāĻŦā§‡' āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻŸāĻŋ 'āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧ'āĨ¤
41:53
So, when we make a question, we have to move the ‘be’ verb to the front.
764
2513760
5840
āĻ¸ā§āĻ¤āĻ°āĻžāĻ‚, āĻ¯āĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻļā§āĻ¨ āĻ¤ā§ˆāĻ°āĻŋ āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋ, āĻ¤āĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° 'be' āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻŸāĻŋāĻ•ā§‡ āĻ¸āĻžāĻŽāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻ¯ā§‡āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻŦā§‡āĨ¤
41:59
Okay.
765
2519600
320
41:59
So we put ‘is’ in the front.
766
2519920
1920
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ¸āĻžāĻŽāĻ¨ā§‡ 'is' āĻ°āĻžāĻ–āĻŋāĨ¤
42:02
“Is he a doctor?”.
767
2522800
1600
"āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ•āĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻœāĻ¨ āĻĄāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°?".
42:05
“Is she a doctor?”.
768
2525520
1760
"āĻ¸ā§‡ āĻ•āĻŋ āĻšāĻŋāĻ•āĻŋā§ŽāĻ¸āĻ•?".
42:07
Okay.
769
2527920
560
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
42:08
Very easy.
770
2528480
800
āĻ–ā§āĻŦ āĻ¸āĻšāĻœ.
42:09
Just put the ‘be’ verb in the front.
771
2529280
2240
āĻļā§āĻ§ā§ āĻ¸āĻžāĻŽāĻ¨ā§‡ 'be' āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻŸāĻŋ āĻ°āĻžāĻ–ā§āĻ¨āĨ¤
42:12
Now I want you to listen to the intonation again.
772
2532400
3440
āĻāĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻšāĻžāĻ‡ āĻ¤ā§āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ†āĻŦāĻžāĻ° āĻ§ā§āĻŦāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻļā§āĻ¨ā§‹āĨ¤
42:16
“He’s a doctor”.
773
2536400
1520
"āĻ¸ā§‡ āĻāĻ•āĻœāĻ¨ āĻĄāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°".
42:18
Okay.
774
2538800
560
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
42:19
The intonation is going down.
775
2539360
1760
āĻ§ā§āĻŦāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ•āĻŽā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻšā§āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤
42:22
“Is he a doctor?”.
776
2542640
1600
"āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ•āĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻœāĻ¨ āĻĄāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°?".
42:25
In the question, again, the intonation goes up.
777
2545360
2560
āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻļā§āĻ¨ā§‡, āĻ†āĻŦāĻžāĻ°, āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻ° āĻ‰āĻ ā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤
42:28
Okay.
778
2548640
800
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
42:29
Now when you answer, they are several possible answers you can give.
779
2549440
4480
āĻāĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ¯āĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ‰āĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻ° āĻĻā§‡āĻ¨, āĻ¤āĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻŦā§‡āĻļ āĻ•āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻ­āĻžāĻŦā§āĻ¯ āĻ‰āĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻ° āĻ¯āĻž āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡āĻ¨āĨ¤
42:34
Soâ€Ļ
780
2554640
160
āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡...
42:35
“Yes, he is”.
781
2555600
1760
"āĻšā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ, āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋ"āĨ¤
42:38
Orâ€Ļ
782
2558880
240
āĻ…āĻĨāĻŦāĻž...
42:39
“Yes, she is”.
783
2559680
1760
"āĻšā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ, āĻ¸ā§‡"āĨ¤
42:42
Okay.
784
2562080
800
42:42
That’s easy.
785
2562880
1360
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
āĻāĻŸāĻž āĻ¸āĻšāĻœ.
42:44
When you come to know, this is where it gets a little tricky, but you can do it.
786
2564240
5040
āĻ¯āĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻœāĻžāĻ¨āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡āĻ¨, āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¯ā§‡āĻ–āĻžāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻāĻ•āĻŸā§ āĻ•ā§ŒāĻļāĻ˛ā§€ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧ, āĻ¤āĻŦā§‡ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡āĻ¨āĨ¤
42:50
“No, he isn’t”.
787
2570000
1920
"āĻ¨āĻž, āĻ¸ā§‡ āĻ¨āĻ¯āĻŧ"āĨ¤
42:52
Okay, “isn’t” is a contraction for “is not”.
788
2572800
4640
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡, "āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ¨āĻž" āĻšāĻ˛ "āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ¨āĻž" āĻāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¸āĻ‚āĻ•ā§‹āĻšāĻ¨āĨ¤
42:57
Okay.
789
2577440
880
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
42:58
“No, he isn’t”.
790
2578320
1600
"āĻ¨āĻž, āĻ¸ā§‡ āĻ¨āĻ¯āĻŧ"āĨ¤
43:00
Orâ€Ļ
791
2580560
160
āĻ…āĻĨāĻŦāĻž...
43:01
“No, she isn’t”.
792
2581360
1920
"āĻ¨āĻž, āĻ¸ā§‡ āĻ¨āĻ¯āĻŧ"āĨ¤
43:03
Okay, so you can use “she isn’t”, “he isn’t”.
793
2583920
3840
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡, āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ "āĻ¸ā§‡ āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ‡", "āĻ¸ā§‡ āĻ¨āĻ¯āĻŧ" āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡āĻ¨āĨ¤
43:08
Another answer you can give is “No, he’s not”.
794
2588560
4160
āĻ†āĻ°ā§‡āĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ‰āĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻ° āĻ¯āĻž āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡āĻ¨ āĻ¤āĻž āĻšāĻ˛ "āĻ¨āĻž, āĻ¸ā§‡ āĻ¨āĻ¯āĻŧ"āĨ¤
43:13
Orâ€Ļ
795
2593840
240
āĻ…āĻĨāĻŦāĻž...
43:14
“No, she’s not”.
796
2594640
1760
"āĻ¨āĻž, āĻ¸ā§‡ āĻ¨āĻ¯āĻŧ"āĨ¤
43:17
You already know this is a contraction for ‘he is’ and ‘she is’.
797
2597200
5520
āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ‡āĻ¤āĻŋāĻŽāĻ§ā§āĻ¯ā§‡āĻ‡ āĻœāĻžāĻ¨ā§‡āĻ¨ āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻāĻŸāĻŋ 'āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋ' āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ 'āĻ¸ā§‡' āĻāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¸āĻ‚āĻ•ā§‹āĻšāĻ¨āĨ¤
43:22
So, “No, he’s not”.
798
2602720
1760
āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡, "āĻ¨āĻž, āĻ¸ā§‡ āĻ¨āĻ¯āĻŧ"āĨ¤
43:25
“No, she’s not”.
799
2605120
1360
"āĻ¨āĻž, āĻ¸ā§‡ āĻ¨āĻž".
43:27
Okay.
800
2607120
560
43:27
So these are both common.
801
2607680
2320
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻ āĻĻā§āĻŸā§‹āĻ‡ āĻ¸āĻžāĻ§āĻžāĻ°āĻŖāĨ¤
43:30
And they’re both ok to use.
802
2610000
2400
āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻ‰āĻ­āĻ¯āĻŧ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻžāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
43:32
Okay.
803
2612400
800
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
43:33
So, remember, we can give two  different answers for ‘no’.
804
2613200
3840
āĻ¸ā§āĻ¤āĻ°āĻžāĻ‚, āĻŽāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ°āĻžāĻ–āĻŦā§‡āĻ¨, āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž 'āĻ¨āĻž' āĻāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻĻā§āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ­āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¨ āĻ‰āĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻ° āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°āĻŋāĨ¤
43:38
Alright, now we’re going to  look at some more examples.
805
2618160
2960
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡, āĻāĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ†āĻ°āĻ“ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ›ā§ āĻ‰āĻĻāĻžāĻšāĻ°āĻŖ āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻšā§āĻ›āĻŋāĨ¤
43:41
Please make sure you repeat after each example.
806
2621120
3040
āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¤āĻŋāĻŸāĻŋ āĻ‰āĻĻāĻžāĻšāĻ°āĻŖ āĻĒāĻ°ā§‡ āĻĒā§āĻ¨āĻ°āĻžāĻŦā§ƒāĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻŋ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻļā§āĻšāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻ¨.
43:45
“Is heâ€Ļ?”, “Is sheâ€Ļ?”.
807
2625280
1520
"āĻ¸ā§‡ āĻ•āĻŋ...?", "āĻ¸ā§‡ āĻ•āĻŋ...?"āĨ¤
43:48
“Is he a man?”
808
2628000
800
"āĻ¸ā§‡ āĻ•āĻŋ āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻˇ?"
43:50
“Yes, he is”.
809
2630000
1200
"āĻšā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ, āĻ¸ā§‡āĻ‡".
43:52
“Is he a cowboy?”.
810
2632720
1120
"āĻ¸ā§‡ āĻ•āĻŋ āĻ•āĻžāĻ‰āĻŦāĻ¯āĻŧ?"
43:55
“No, he isn’t.”
811
2635520
1280
"āĻ¨āĻž, āĻ¸ā§‡ āĻ¨āĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤"
43:58
“Is she a woman?”
812
2638160
880
"āĻ¸ā§‡ āĻ•āĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻœāĻ¨ āĻŽāĻšāĻŋāĻ˛āĻž?"
44:00
“Yes, she is”.
813
2640800
1200
"āĻšā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ āĻ¸ā§‡".
44:03
“Is she a cowgirl?”.
814
2643760
1200
"āĻ¸ā§‡ āĻ•āĻŋ āĻ•āĻžāĻ‰āĻ—āĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ˛?"
44:06
“No, she’s not.
815
2646160
1680
"āĻ¨āĻž, āĻ¸ā§‡ āĻ¨āĻž.
44:09
Now, we’re going to move on to ‘it is’.
816
2649680
3840
āĻāĻ–āĻ¨, āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž 'āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡'-āĻ āĻ¯ā§‡āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻšā§āĻ›āĻŋāĨ¤
44:13
Okay.
817
2653520
400
44:13
And how to use that in a question.
818
2653920
2400
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ­āĻžāĻŦā§‡ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻļā§āĻ¨ āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ°.
44:16
So, let’s look at the board.
819
2656960
1360
āĻ¸ā§āĻ¤āĻ°āĻžāĻ‚, āĻāĻ° āĻŦā§‹āĻ°ā§āĻĄ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ•āĻžāĻ¨.
44:19
“It’s a dog”.
820
2659600
1040
"āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ•ā§āĻ•ā§āĻ°".
44:21
Okay, we have the contraction “it’s”.
821
2661280
2720
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡, āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻ¸āĻ‚āĻ•ā§‹āĻšāĻ¨ "āĻāĻŸāĻŋ" āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤
44:24
Remember, “it’s” is a contraction for “it is”.
822
2664800
4240
āĻŽāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ°āĻžāĻ–āĻŦā§‡āĻ¨, "āĻāĻŸāĻŋ" āĻšāĻ˛ "āĻāĻŸāĻŋ" āĻāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¸āĻ‚āĻ•ā§‹āĻšāĻ¨āĨ¤
44:29
The ‘be’ verb is ‘is’.
823
2669760
1600
'āĻšāĻŦā§‡' āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻšāĻ˛ 'āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧ'āĨ¤
44:32
When we make a question, remember, we have to put the ‘be’ verb in the front.
824
2672800
4960
āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ¯āĻ–āĻ¨ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻļā§āĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋ, āĻŽāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ°āĻžāĻ–āĻŦā§‡āĻ¨, āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻ¸āĻžāĻŽāĻ¨ā§‡ 'be' āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻ¸āĻžāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻŦā§‡āĨ¤
44:38
“Is it a dog?”
825
2678800
880
"āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ•ā§āĻ•ā§āĻ°?"
44:40
“Is it a dog?”
826
2680880
880
"āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ•ā§āĻ•ā§āĻ°?"
44:42
Okay.
827
2682640
880
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
44:43
The intonation goes up for the question.
828
2683520
2960
āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻļā§āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻ° āĻ‰āĻ ā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤
44:47
“Is it a dog?”
829
2687280
880
"āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ•ā§āĻ•ā§āĻ°?"
44:49
Okay.
830
2689280
560
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
44:50
Now, there are several answers you can give.
831
2690400
2640
āĻāĻ–āĻ¨, āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡āĻ¨ āĻŦā§‡āĻļ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ›ā§ āĻ‰āĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻ° āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
44:54
The first one is “Yes, it is”.
832
2694000
2720
āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽāĻŸāĻŋ āĻšāĻ˛ "āĻšā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ, āĻāĻŸāĻŋ"āĨ¤
44:58
“Yes, it is”.
833
2698080
1280
"āĻšā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ, āĻāĻŸāĻž"āĨ¤
45:00
Okay.
834
2700480
560
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
45:01
When you say “no”, you can give two answers.
835
2701040
3360
āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ¯āĻ–āĻ¨ "āĻ¨āĻž" āĻŦāĻ˛ā§‡āĻ¨, āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻĻā§āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ‰āĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻ° āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡āĻ¨āĨ¤
45:04
“No, it isn’t”.
836
2704960
1360
"āĻ¨āĻž, āĻāĻŸāĻž āĻ¨āĻ¯āĻŧ"āĨ¤
45:07
“No, it isn’t”.
837
2707520
1440
"āĻ¨āĻž, āĻāĻŸāĻž āĻ¨āĻ¯āĻŧ"āĨ¤
45:09
Remember, “isn’t” is a contraction for “is not”.
838
2709680
4960
āĻŽāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ°āĻžāĻ–āĻŦā§‡āĻ¨, "āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ¨āĻž" āĻšāĻ˛ "āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ¨āĻž" āĻāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¸āĻ‚āĻ•ā§‹āĻšāĻ¨āĨ¤
45:14
Okay.
839
2714640
480
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
45:15
We can also say “No, it’s not”.
840
2715840
2560
āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž "āĻ¨āĻž, āĻāĻŸāĻž āĻ¨āĻ¯āĻŧ" āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°āĻŋāĨ¤
45:19
“No, it’s not”.
841
2719440
1280
"āĻ¨āĻž āĻāĻ‡āĻŸāĻž āĻ¨āĻž".
45:21
“It’s” is a contraction for “it is”.
842
2721520
2880
"āĻāĻŸāĻŋ" āĻšāĻ˛ "āĻāĻŸāĻŋ" āĻāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¸āĻ‚āĻ•ā§‹āĻšāĻ¨āĨ¤
45:25
Okay.
843
2725120
640
45:25
So again, remember, we have these two answers for ‘no’, but they’re both common and
844
2725760
5360
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻ†āĻŦāĻžāĻ°, āĻŽāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ°āĻžāĻ–āĻŦā§‡āĻ¨, āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻ•āĻžāĻ›ā§‡ 'āĻ¨āĻž'-āĻāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻāĻ‡ āĻĻā§āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ‰āĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻ° āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡, āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻ‰āĻ­āĻ¯āĻŧāĻ‡ āĻ¸āĻžāĻ§āĻžāĻ°āĻŖ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚
45:31
they’re both ok to use when you say “no”.
845
2731120
3040
āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ¯āĻ–āĻ¨ "āĻ¨āĻž" āĻŦāĻ˛āĻŦā§‡āĻ¨ āĻ¤āĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ‰āĻ­āĻ¯āĻŧāĻ‡ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻšāĻŦā§‡āĨ¤
45:34
Okay.
846
2734960
560
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
45:35
We’re going to look at some more examples.
847
2735520
2080
āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ†āĻ°ā§‹ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ›ā§ āĻ‰āĻĻāĻžāĻšāĻ°āĻŖ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ•āĻžāĻ¨ āĻšāĻ˛ā§āĻ¨.
45:37
Please make sure you follow  and repeat after each one.
848
2737600
3040
āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻ—ā§āĻ°āĻš āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻļā§āĻšāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻ¨ āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻ¸āĻ°āĻŖ āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻ¨ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¤āĻŋāĻŸāĻŋāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°ā§‡ āĻĒā§āĻ¨āĻ°āĻžāĻŦā§ƒāĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻŋ āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻ¨āĨ¤
45:41
“Is itâ€Ļ?”.
849
2741840
320
"āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻ•āĻŋâ€Ļ?".
45:43
“Is it a book?”.
850
2743840
2480
"āĻāĻŸāĻž āĻ•āĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻž āĻŦāĻ‡?".
45:46
“Yes, it is”.
851
2746320
1280
"āĻšā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ, āĻāĻŸāĻž"āĨ¤
45:49
“Is it a chair?”.
852
2749280
880
"āĻāĻŸāĻž āĻ•āĻŋ āĻšā§‡āĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ°?"
45:51
“No, it isn’t”.
853
2751840
1280
"āĻ¨āĻž, āĻāĻŸāĻž āĻ¨āĻ¯āĻŧ"āĨ¤
45:54
“Is it a shoe?”.
854
2754240
800
"āĻāĻŸāĻž āĻ•āĻŋ āĻœā§āĻ¤āĻž?"
45:56
“Yes, it is”.
855
2756400
1120
"āĻšā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ, āĻāĻŸāĻž"āĨ¤
45:59
“Is it a car?”.
856
2759200
640
"āĻāĻŸāĻž āĻ•āĻŋ āĻ—āĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋ?"
46:01
“No, it’s not”.
857
2761200
1120
"āĻ¨āĻž āĻāĻ‡āĻŸāĻž āĻ¨āĻž".
46:04
Now, we’re going to move on to “you are” and put that in a question.
858
2764240
5680
āĻāĻ–āĻ¨, āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž "āĻ¤ā§āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ†āĻ›ā§‹" āĻ āĻšāĻ˛ā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻŦā§‹ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ¸ā§‡āĻŸāĻŋāĻ•ā§‡ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻļā§āĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ°āĻžāĻ–āĻŦāĨ¤
46:10
Okay.
859
2770560
480
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
46:11
On the board the sentence says.
860
2771040
2320
āĻŦā§‹āĻ°ā§āĻĄā§‡ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¯āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻ˛ā§‡āĨ¤
46:13
“You’re a boy”.
861
2773360
960
"āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ›ā§‡āĻ˛ā§‡".
46:15
Remember, “you’re” is a contraction for “you are”.
862
2775120
4080
āĻŽāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ°āĻžāĻ–āĻŦā§‡āĻ¨, "āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ" āĻšāĻ˛ "āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ" āĻāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¸āĻ‚āĻ•ā§‹āĻšāĻ¨āĨ¤
46:20
The ‘be’ verb is ‘are’.
863
2780000
1680
'be' āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻšāĻ˛ 'are'āĨ¤
46:22
So we have to put that in  the front of the question.
864
2782320
3520
āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ°āĻ•ā§‡ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻļā§āĻ¨ āĻ¸āĻžāĻŽāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ°āĻžāĻ–āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻŦā§‡āĨ¤
46:26
“Are you a boy?”
865
2786800
1040
"āĻ¤ā§āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ•āĻŋ āĻ›ā§‡āĻ˛ā§‡?"
46:29
“Are you a boy?”
866
2789040
960
"āĻ¤ā§āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ•āĻŋ āĻ›ā§‡āĻ˛ā§‡?"
46:31
Okay.
867
2791120
960
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
46:32
When we answer, it’s very simple.
868
2792080
2880
āĻ¯āĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ‰āĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻ° āĻĻāĻŋāĻ‡, āĻāĻŸāĻž āĻ–ā§āĻŦāĻ‡ āĻ¸āĻšāĻœāĨ¤
46:34
We can say, “Yes, I am” or “No, I’m not”.
869
2794960
5280
āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°āĻŋ, "āĻšā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ, āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ" āĻŦāĻž "āĻ¨āĻž, āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ¨āĻ‡"āĨ¤
46:41
Okay.
870
2801120
800
46:41
We’re going to look at some more examples.
871
2801920
2480
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ†āĻ°ā§‹ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ›ā§ āĻ‰āĻĻāĻžāĻšāĻ°āĻŖ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ•āĻžāĻ¨ āĻšāĻ˛ā§āĻ¨.
46:44
Please follow and repeat after each one.
872
2804400
2800
āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻ—ā§āĻ°āĻš āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻ¸āĻ°āĻŖ āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻ¨ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¤āĻŋāĻŸāĻŋāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°ā§‡ āĻĒā§āĻ¨āĻ°āĻžāĻŦā§ƒāĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻŋ āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻ¨āĨ¤
46:48
“Are youâ€Ļ?”
873
2808560
400
"āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋâ€Ļ?"
46:50
“Are you a Korean?”
874
2810640
1120
"āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ•āĻŋ āĻ•ā§‹āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ¨?"
46:53
“Yes, I am.”
875
2813600
2240
"āĻšā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ."
46:56
“Are you a clown?”
876
2816400
1040
"āĻ¤ā§āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ•āĻŋ āĻ•ā§āĻ˛āĻžāĻ‰āĻ¨?"
46:59
“No, I’m not.”
877
2819040
1200
"āĻ¨āĻž āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ¨āĻ‡."
47:02
“Are you a nurse?”
878
2822000
960
"āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ•āĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻœāĻ¨ āĻ¨āĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ¸?"
47:04
“Yes, I am.”
879
2824480
1200
"āĻšā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ."
47:07
“Are you a dancer?”
880
2827360
1120
"āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ•āĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻœāĻ¨ āĻ¨āĻ°ā§āĻ¤āĻ•ā§€?"
47:09
“No, I’m not.”
881
2829680
1360
"āĻ¨āĻž āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ¨āĻ‡."
47:13
Now, let’s talk about “we are” and how to use that in a question.
882
2833840
5520
āĻāĻ–āĻ¨, āĻ†āĻ¸ā§āĻ¨ "āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž" āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ•ā§‡ āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āĻŦāĻ˛āĻŋ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻļā§āĻ¨ā§‡ āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻ•ā§€āĻ­āĻžāĻŦā§‡ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻŦā§‡āĻ¨āĨ¤
47:20
Okay.
883
2840000
720
47:20
So the sentence here says, “We’re teachers”.
884
2840720
3840
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻāĻ–āĻžāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¯āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ›ā§‡, “āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻļāĻŋāĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻ•â€āĨ¤
47:25
Okay.
885
2845280
960
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
47:26
“We’re” is a contraction from “we are”.
886
2846240
3120
"āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ†āĻ›āĻŋ" āĻšāĻ˛ "āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ†āĻ›āĻŋ" āĻĨā§‡āĻ•ā§‡ āĻ¸āĻ‚āĻ•ā§‹āĻšāĻ¨āĨ¤
47:30
So the ‘be’ verb ‘are’ goes in the front.
887
2850000
3760
āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ 'be' āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž 'are' āĻ¸āĻžāĻŽāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻšāĻ˛ā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤
47:34
“Are we teachers?”
888
2854400
1200
"āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ•āĻŋ āĻļāĻŋāĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻ•?"
47:36
“Are we teachers?”
889
2856560
1280
"āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ•āĻŋ āĻļāĻŋāĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻ•?"
47:38
Okay.
890
2858480
800
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
47:39
When we answer, we can say several things.
891
2859280
3040
āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ¯āĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ‰āĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻ° āĻĻāĻŋāĻ‡, āĻ¤āĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻŦā§‡āĻļ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ›ā§ āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°āĻŋāĨ¤
47:42
“Yes, we are.”
892
2862320
1440
"āĻšā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ, āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ†āĻ›āĻŋāĨ¤"
47:44
“Yes, we are.”
893
2864960
1440
"āĻšā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ, āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ†āĻ›āĻŋāĨ¤"
47:47
Orâ€Ļ
894
2867120
240
āĻ…āĻĨāĻŦāĻž...
47:48
“No, we aren’t.”
895
2868160
1600
"āĻ¨āĻž, āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ¨āĻ‡āĨ¤"
47:50
Listenâ€Ļ “aren’t.”
896
2870640
1200
āĻļā§‹āĻ¨... "āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ¨āĻžāĨ¤"
47:52
“No, we aren’t.”
897
2872720
1360
"āĻ¨āĻž, āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ¨āĻ‡āĨ¤"
47:54
“Aren’t” is a contraction for “are not”.
898
2874640
3360
"āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ¨āĻž" āĻšāĻ˛ "āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ¨āĻž" āĻāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¸āĻ‚āĻ•ā§‹āĻšāĻ¨āĨ¤
47:59
Or we can say, “No, we’re not”.
899
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2800
āĻ…āĻĨāĻŦāĻž āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°āĻŋ, "āĻ¨āĻž, āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ¨āĻ‡"āĨ¤
48:03
“No, we’re not”.
900
2883120
1440
"āĻ¨āĻž, āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ¨āĻ‡".
48:05
And you know “We’re” is a  contraction for “we are”.
901
2885200
4640
āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻœāĻžāĻ¨ā§‡āĻ¨ "āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž" āĻšāĻ˛ "āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž" āĻāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¸āĻ‚āĻ•ā§‹āĻšāĻ¨āĨ¤
48:10
Okay.
902
2890400
640
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
48:11
We’re going to look at some more examples.
903
2891040
1840
āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ†āĻ°ā§‹ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ›ā§ āĻ‰āĻĻāĻžāĻšāĻ°āĻŖ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ•āĻžāĻ¨ āĻšāĻ˛ā§āĻ¨.
48:12
Please repeat after each one.
904
2892880
1920
āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¤āĻŋāĻŸāĻŋ āĻāĻ• āĻĒāĻ°ā§‡ āĻĒā§āĻ¨āĻ°āĻžāĻŦā§ƒāĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻŋ āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻ¨.
48:16
“Are weâ€Ļ?”
905
2896080
640
"āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ•āĻŋâ€Ļ?"
48:18
“Are we boys?”
906
2898000
1840
"āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ•āĻŋ āĻ›ā§‡āĻ˛ā§‡?"
48:20
“Yes, we are.”
907
2900400
1200
"āĻšā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ, āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ†āĻ›āĻŋāĨ¤"
48:23
“Are we girls?”
908
2903680
960
"āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ•āĻŋ āĻŽā§‡āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡?"
48:26
“No, we aren’t.”
909
2906160
1280
"āĻ¨āĻž, āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ¨āĻ‡āĨ¤"
48:29
“Are we friends?”
910
2909280
1040
"āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ•āĻŋ āĻŦāĻ¨ā§āĻ§ā§?"
48:31
“Yes, we are.”
911
2911760
2080
"āĻšā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ, āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ†āĻ›āĻŋāĨ¤"
48:35
“Are we pro-gamers?”
912
2915280
1360
"āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ•āĻŋ āĻĒā§āĻ°ā§‹-āĻ—ā§‡āĻŽāĻžāĻ°?"
48:38
“No, we aren’t.”
913
2918240
1280
"āĻ¨āĻž, āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ¨āĻ‡āĨ¤"
48:41
Now, we’re moving on to ‘they are’ in a question.
914
2921440
3520
āĻāĻ–āĻ¨, āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻļā§āĻ¨ā§‡ 'āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡' āĻ āĻšāĻ˛ā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāĨ¤
48:46
The sentence on the board says, “They’re friends”.
915
2926240
3360
āĻŦā§‹āĻ°ā§āĻĄā§‡āĻ° āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¯āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻ˛ā§‡, "āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻŦāĻ¨ā§āĻ§ā§"āĨ¤
48:50
Remember, ‘They’re’ is a  contraction for ‘they are’.
916
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3840
āĻŽāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ°āĻžāĻ–āĻŦā§‡āĻ¨, 'āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž' āĻšāĻ˛ 'āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž' āĻāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¸āĻ‚āĻ•ā§‹āĻšāĻ¨āĨ¤
48:55
The ‘be’ verb ‘are’ goes in the front of the question.
917
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4640
'be' āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž 'are' āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻļā§āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ° āĻ¸āĻžāĻŽāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻšāĻ˛ā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤
49:00
“Are they friends?”
918
2940880
960
"āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻ•āĻŋ āĻŦāĻ¨ā§āĻ§ā§?"
49:02
“Are they friends?”
919
2942880
1120
"āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻ•āĻŋ āĻŦāĻ¨ā§āĻ§ā§?"
49:05
Okay.
920
2945200
720
49:05
Now when we answer, we can say, “Yes, they are.”
921
2945920
3840
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
āĻāĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ¯āĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ‰āĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻ° āĻĻāĻŋāĻ‡, āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°āĻŋ, "āĻšā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ, āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻžāĨ¤"
49:10
“Yes, they are.”
922
2950800
1280
"āĻšā§āĻ¯āĻž āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž."
49:13
Or, we can say, “No, they aren’t.”
923
2953280
2880
āĻ…āĻĨāĻŦāĻž, āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°āĻŋ, "āĻ¨āĻž, āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻ¨āĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤"
49:17
“No, they aren’t.”
924
2957120
1440
"āĻ¨āĻž, āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻ¨āĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤"
49:19
‘Aren’t’ is a contraction for ‘are not’.
925
2959360
3440
'Aren't' āĻšāĻ˛ 'are not'-āĻāĻ° āĻ¸āĻ‚āĻ•ā§‹āĻšāĻ¨āĨ¤
49:23
The last thing we can say is “No, they’re not”.
926
2963920
3280
āĻļā§‡āĻˇ āĻœāĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¸āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°āĻŋ "āĻ¨āĻž, āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻ¨āĻ¯āĻŧ"āĨ¤
49:28
“No, they’re not.”
927
2968320
1520
"āĻ¨āĻž, āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻ¨āĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤"
49:30
‘They’re’ is a contraction for ‘they are’.
928
2970480
2720
'āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž' āĻšāĻ˛ 'āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž' āĻāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¸āĻ‚āĻ•ā§‹āĻšāĻ¨āĨ¤
49:34
These two answers for ‘no’ are both correct.
929
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3840
'āĻ¨āĻž' āĻāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻāĻ‡ āĻĻā§āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ‰āĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻ° āĻ‰āĻ­āĻ¯āĻŧāĻ‡ āĻ¸āĻ āĻŋāĻ•āĨ¤
49:38
And they’re both common.
930
2978000
1600
āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻ‰āĻ­āĻ¯āĻŧāĻ‡ āĻ¸āĻžāĻ§āĻžāĻ°āĻŖāĨ¤
49:39
So you can say either one.
931
2979600
2080
āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡āĻ¨.
49:42
Okay.
932
2982320
640
49:42
We’re going to look at some more examples now.
933
2982960
2480
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻāĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ†āĻ°ā§‹ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ›ā§ āĻ‰āĻĻāĻžāĻšāĻ°āĻŖ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ•āĻžāĻ¨ āĻšāĻ˛ā§āĻ¨.
49:45
Please repeat after each example.
934
2985440
2240
āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¤āĻŋāĻŸāĻŋ āĻ‰āĻĻāĻžāĻšāĻ°āĻŖ āĻĒāĻ°ā§‡ āĻĒā§āĻ¨āĻ°āĻžāĻŦā§ƒāĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻŋ āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻ¨.
49:49
“Are theyâ€Ļ?”
935
2989600
480
"āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻ•āĻŋâ€Ļ?"
49:51
“Are they tourists?”
936
2991360
1120
"āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻ•āĻŋ āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ¯āĻŸāĻ•?"
49:53
“Yes, they are.”
937
2993760
1200
"āĻšā§āĻ¯āĻž āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž."
49:56
“Are they dogs?”
938
2996400
1440
"āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻ•āĻŋ āĻ•ā§āĻ•ā§āĻ°?"
49:58
“No, they aren’t.”
939
2998640
1280
"āĻ¨āĻž, āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻ¨āĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤"
50:01
“Are they computers?”
940
3001200
1280
"āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻ•āĻŋ āĻ•āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻŋāĻ‰āĻŸāĻžāĻ°?"
50:03
“Yes, they are.”
941
3003440
1120
"āĻšā§āĻ¯āĻž āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž."
50:05
“Are they birds?”
942
3005760
1120
"āĻāĻ°āĻž āĻ•āĻŋ āĻĒāĻžāĻ–āĻŋ?"
50:07
“No, they’re not.”
943
3007680
1200
"āĻ¨āĻž, āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻ¨āĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤"
50:10
Okay.
944
3010960
320
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
50:12
In this lesson, we learned how to change a 
945
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āĻāĻ‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ ā§‡, āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻļāĻŋāĻ–ā§‡āĻ›āĻŋ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ­āĻžāĻŦā§‡ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ
50:14
subjective pronoun and a  ‘be’ verb into a question.
946
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3840
āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇāĻ¯āĻŧāĻ­āĻŋāĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ• āĻ¸āĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻ¨āĻžāĻŽ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ 'āĻšāĻŦā§‡' āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ•ā§‡ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻļā§āĻ¨ā§‡ āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤āĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤
50:19
Remember, when you’re making a question, you have to put the ‘b’ verb in the beginning.
947
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5440
āĻŽāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ°āĻžāĻ–āĻŦā§‡āĻ¨, āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ¯āĻ–āĻ¨ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻļā§āĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ›ā§‡āĻ¨, āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ•ā§‡ āĻļā§āĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§‡ 'b' āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻ¸āĻžāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻŦā§‡āĨ¤
50:24
Okay.
948
3024480
880
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
50:25
Alright, that’s the end of this video.
949
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1920
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡, āĻāĻŸāĻžāĻ‡ āĻāĻ‡ āĻ­āĻŋāĻĄāĻŋāĻ“āĻ° āĻļā§‡āĻˇāĨ¤
50:27
Thanks for watching.
950
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āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻžāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ§āĻ¨ā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻžāĻĻ.
50:28
Bye.
951
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320
āĻŦāĻŋāĻĻāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤
50:38
Okay, so this is a review video.
952
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3360
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡, āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ˛ā§‹āĻšāĻ¨āĻž āĻ­āĻŋāĻĄāĻŋāĻ“āĨ¤
50:42
We learned about subjective  pronouns and ‘be’ verbs.
953
3042080
4400
āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇāĻ¯āĻŧāĻ—āĻ¤ āĻ¸āĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻ¨āĻžāĻŽ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ 'āĻšāĻ“' āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ•ā§‡ āĻļāĻŋāĻ–ā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāĨ¤
50:46
We also learned how to use them in a negative sentence and in a question.
954
3046480
5840
āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻāĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋ āĻ•ā§€āĻ­āĻžāĻŦā§‡ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ¤āĻŋāĻŦāĻžāĻšāĻ• āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻļā§āĻ¨ā§‡ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ“ āĻļāĻŋāĻ–ā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāĨ¤
50:52
So, let’s look at the board for review.
955
3052320
2160
āĻ¸ā§āĻ¤āĻ°āĻžāĻ‚, āĻāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ˛ā§‹āĻšāĻ¨āĻžāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻŦā§‹āĻ°ā§āĻĄ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ•āĻžāĻ¨.
50:55
“I am a teacher.”
956
3055520
1760
"āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻœāĻ¨ āĻļāĻŋāĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻ•."
50:58
Remember, ‘am’ is the ‘be’ verb.
957
3058240
2720
āĻŽāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ°āĻžāĻ–āĻŦā§‡āĻ¨, 'am' āĻšāĻ˛ 'be' āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĨ¤
51:00
“I am a teacher.”
958
3060960
1440
"āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻœāĻ¨ āĻļāĻŋāĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻ•."
51:03
Okay, we also learned contractions: “I’m”.
959
3063200
3200
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡, āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ¸āĻ‚āĻ•ā§‹āĻšāĻ¨āĻ“ āĻļāĻŋāĻ–ā§‡āĻ›āĻŋ: "āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ"āĨ¤
51:07
“I’m a teacher.”
960
3067040
800
"āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻœāĻ¨ āĻļāĻŋāĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻ•."
51:08
“I’m a teacher.”
961
3068960
1040
"āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻœāĻ¨ āĻļāĻŋāĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻ•."
51:11
Okay, this is a negative sentence.
962
3071200
2400
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡, āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ¤āĻŋāĻŦāĻžāĻšāĻ• āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¯āĨ¤
51:13
“I’m not a teacher.”
963
3073600
1280
"āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ•ā§‹āĻ¨ āĻļāĻŋāĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻ• āĻ¨āĻ‡."
51:15
“I’m not a teacher.”
964
3075600
1280
"āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ•ā§‹āĻ¨ āĻļāĻŋāĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻ• āĻ¨āĻ‡."
51:17
Remember, ‘not’ goes after the ‘be’ verb.
965
3077520
4480
āĻŽāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ°āĻžāĻ–āĻŦā§‡āĻ¨, 'āĻšāĻŦā§‡' āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻĒāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻĒāĻ°ā§‡ 'no' āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤
51:22
Okay.
966
3082000
480
51:22
And here’s a question.
967
3082480
1600
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻāĻ–āĻžāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻļā§āĻ¨.
51:24
“Am I a teacher?”
968
3084080
1120
"āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ•āĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻœāĻ¨ āĻļāĻŋāĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻ•?"
51:26
“Am I a teacher?”
969
3086160
1040
"āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ•āĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻœāĻ¨ āĻļāĻŋāĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻ•?"
51:27
Remember, the ‘be’ verb comes in the front for a question.
970
3087840
3840
āĻŽāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ°āĻžāĻ–āĻŦā§‡āĻ¨, 'be' āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻŸāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻļā§āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ° āĻ¸āĻžāĻŽāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ†āĻ¸ā§‡āĨ¤
51:32
Okay.
971
3092320
640
51:32
We’re going to listen to some more examples.
972
3092960
2480
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ†āĻ°ā§‹ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ›ā§ āĻ‰āĻĻāĻžāĻšāĻ°āĻŖ āĻļā§āĻ¨āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻšā§āĻ›āĻŋ.
51:35
I want you to repeat after each one.
973
3095440
2320
āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻšāĻžāĻ‡ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¤āĻŋāĻŸāĻŋ āĻāĻ•ā§‡āĻ° āĻĒāĻ°ā§‡ āĻĒā§āĻ¨āĻ°āĻžāĻŦā§ƒāĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻŋ āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻ¨āĨ¤
51:38
Okay.
974
3098960
400
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
51:39
Let’s look at some examples.
975
3099360
1440
āĻ†āĻ¸ā§āĻ¨ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ›ā§ āĻ‰āĻĻāĻžāĻšāĻ°āĻŖ āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻŋāĨ¤
51:42
“He is a king.”
976
3102240
1200
"āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻœāĻ¨ āĻ°āĻžāĻœāĻžāĨ¤"
51:44
“He is a king.”
977
3104400
1200
"āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻœāĻ¨ āĻ°āĻžāĻœāĻžāĨ¤"
51:46
“He’s a king.”
978
3106800
800
"āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻœāĻ¨ āĻ°āĻžāĻœāĻžāĨ¤"
51:48
“He’s a king.”
979
3108560
1280
"āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻœāĻ¨ āĻ°āĻžāĻœāĻžāĨ¤"
51:50
“He’s not a king.”
980
3110640
1200
"āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ°āĻžāĻœāĻž āĻ¨āĻ¨āĨ¤"
51:52
“He’s not a king.”
981
3112560
1200
"āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ°āĻžāĻœāĻž āĻ¨āĻ¨āĨ¤"
51:54
“Is he a king?”
982
3114880
880
"āĻ¸ā§‡ āĻ•āĻŋ āĻ°āĻžāĻœāĻž?"
51:56
“Is he a king?”
983
3116640
800
"āĻ¸ā§‡ āĻ•āĻŋ āĻ°āĻžāĻœāĻž?"
51:58
Next.
984
3118880
400
āĻĒāĻ°āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§€.
51:59
“She is a queen.”
985
3119920
1280
"āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻœāĻ¨ āĻ°āĻžāĻŖā§€āĨ¤"
52:02
“She is a queen.”
986
3122000
2240
"āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻœāĻ¨ āĻ°āĻžāĻŖā§€āĨ¤"
52:04
“She’s a queen.”
987
3124240
960
"āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻœāĻ¨ āĻ°āĻžāĻŖā§€āĨ¤"
52:06
“She’s a queen.”
988
3126000
880
"āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻœāĻ¨ āĻ°āĻžāĻŖā§€āĨ¤"
52:07
“She’s not a queen.”
989
3127760
1280
"āĻ¸ā§‡ āĻ°āĻžāĻ¨ā§€ āĻ¨āĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤"
52:09
“She’s not a queen.”
990
3129680
1120
"āĻ¸ā§‡ āĻ°āĻžāĻ¨ā§€ āĻ¨āĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤"
52:11
“Is she a queen?”
991
3131920
960
"āĻ¸ā§‡ āĻ•āĻŋ āĻ°āĻžāĻŖā§€?"
52:13
“Is she a queen?”
992
3133600
880
"āĻ¸ā§‡ āĻ•āĻŋ āĻ°āĻžāĻŖā§€?"
52:16
Next.
993
3136240
400
āĻĒāĻ°āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§€.
52:17
“It is a monkey.”
994
3137280
1360
"āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻ¨āĻ°āĨ¤"
52:19
“It is a monkey.”
995
3139600
1440
"āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻ¨āĻ°āĨ¤"
52:22
“It’s a monkey.”
996
3142080
960
"āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻ¨āĻ°āĨ¤"
52:23
“It’s a monkey.”
997
3143680
960
"āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻ¨āĻ°āĨ¤"
52:25
“It’s not a monkey.”
998
3145440
1280
"āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻ¨āĻ° āĻ¨āĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤"
52:27
“It’s not a monkey.”
999
3147440
1200
"āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻ¨āĻ° āĻ¨āĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤"
52:29
“Is it a monkey?”
1000
3149680
880
"āĻāĻŸāĻž āĻ•āĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻ¨āĻ°?"
52:31
“Is it a monkey?”
1001
3151360
960
"āĻāĻŸāĻž āĻ•āĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻ¨āĻ°?"
52:33
Next.
1002
3153760
400
āĻĒāĻ°āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§€.
52:34
“You are a cook.”
1003
3154720
1280
"āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻœāĻ¨ āĻ°āĻžāĻāĻ§ā§āĻ¨āĻŋāĨ¤"
52:36
“You are a cook.”
1004
3156800
1360
"āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻœāĻ¨ āĻ°āĻžāĻāĻ§ā§āĻ¨āĻŋāĨ¤"
52:39
“You’re a cook.”
1005
3159120
880
"āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻœāĻ¨ āĻ°āĻžāĻāĻ§ā§āĻ¨āĻŋāĨ¤"
52:40
“You’re a cook.”
1006
3160640
880
"āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻœāĻ¨ āĻ°āĻžāĻāĻ§ā§āĻ¨āĻŋāĨ¤"
52:42
“You’re not a cook.”
1007
3162240
1200
"āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻœāĻ¨ āĻ°āĻžāĻāĻ§ā§āĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ¨āĻ¨āĨ¤"
52:44
“You’re not a cook.”
1008
3164000
1920
"āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻœāĻ¨ āĻ°āĻžāĻāĻ§ā§āĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ¨āĻ¨āĨ¤"
52:45
“Are you a cook?”
1009
3165920
960
"āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ•āĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻœāĻ¨ āĻ°āĻžāĻāĻ§ā§āĻ¨āĻŋ?"
52:47
“Are you a cook?”
1010
3167680
880
"āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ•āĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻœāĻ¨ āĻ°āĻžāĻāĻ§ā§āĻ¨āĻŋ?"
52:50
Next.
1011
3170160
400
āĻĒāĻ°āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§€.
52:51
“We are friends.”
1012
3171120
1200
"āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻŦāĻ¨ā§āĻ§ā§."
52:53
“We are friends.”
1013
3173120
1200
"āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻŦāĻ¨ā§āĻ§ā§."
52:55
“We’re friends.”
1014
3175600
1120
"āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻŦāĻ¨ā§āĻ§ā§."
52:57
“We’re friends.”
1015
3177520
1120
"āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻŦāĻ¨ā§āĻ§ā§."
52:59
“We’re not friends.”
1016
3179520
1920
"āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻŦāĻ¨ā§āĻ§ā§ āĻ¨āĻ‡āĨ¤"
53:01
“We’re not friends.”
1017
3181440
1280
"āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻŦāĻ¨ā§āĻ§ā§ āĻ¨āĻ‡āĨ¤"
53:03
“Are we friends?”
1018
3183440
960
"āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ•āĻŋ āĻŦāĻ¨ā§āĻ§ā§?"
53:05
“Are we friends?”
1019
3185440
960
"āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ•āĻŋ āĻŦāĻ¨ā§āĻ§ā§?"
53:08
And last.
1020
3188560
720
āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻļā§‡āĻˇā§‡.
53:10
“They are monkeys.”
1021
3190320
1280
"āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻŦāĻžāĻ¨āĻ°āĨ¤"
53:12
“They are monkeys.”
1022
3192320
1520
"āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻŦāĻžāĻ¨āĻ°āĨ¤"
53:14
“They’re monkeys.”
1023
3194640
1280
"āĻ“āĻ°āĻž āĻŦāĻžāĻ¨āĻ°āĨ¤"
53:16
“They’re monkeys.”
1024
3196560
1280
"āĻ“āĻ°āĻž āĻŦāĻžāĻ¨āĻ°āĨ¤"
53:18
“They’re not monkeys.”
1025
3198400
1760
"āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻŦāĻžāĻ¨āĻ° āĻ¨āĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤"
53:20
“They’re not monkeys.”
1026
3200160
1360
"āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻŦāĻžāĻ¨āĻ° āĻ¨āĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤"
53:22
“Are they monkeys?”
1027
3202480
1120
"āĻ“āĻ°āĻž āĻ•āĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻ¨āĻ°?"
53:24
“Are they monkeys?”
1028
3204160
1120
"āĻ“āĻ°āĻž āĻ•āĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻ¨āĻ°?"
53:27
So that was our review of subjective pronouns,
1029
3207040
3040
āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛ āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇāĻ¯āĻŧāĻ­āĻŋāĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ• āĻ¸āĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻ¨āĻžāĻŽ,
53:30
‘be’ verbs,
1030
3210720
1200
'āĻšāĻ“' āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž,
53:31
how to use them with ‘not’,
1031
3211920
2160
āĻ•ā§€āĻ­āĻžāĻŦā§‡ āĻ¸ā§‡āĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋāĻ•ā§‡ 'āĻ¨āĻž' āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧ
53:34
and how to use them in questions.
1032
3214080
2160
āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ•ā§€āĻ­āĻžāĻŦā§‡ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻļā§āĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ¸ā§‡āĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤
53:36
I really hope that you repeated  each example that I gave
1033
3216880
4080
āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ¸āĻ¤ā§āĻ¯āĻŋāĻ‡ āĻ†āĻļāĻž āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋ āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻĻā§‡āĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¤āĻŋāĻŸāĻŋ āĻ‰āĻĻāĻžāĻšāĻ°āĻŖ āĻĒā§āĻ¨āĻ°āĻžāĻŦā§ƒāĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻŋ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĻ›ā§‡āĻ¨
53:40
because pronunciation is very important.
1034
3220960
3200
āĻ•āĻžāĻ°āĻŖ āĻ‰āĻšā§āĻšāĻžāĻ°āĻŖ āĻ–ā§āĻŦāĻ‡ āĻ—ā§āĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻŦāĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŖāĨ¤
53:44
Now, if you didn’t, you should go back and watch it again and repeat.
1035
3224160
4160
āĻāĻ–āĻ¨, āĻ¯āĻĻāĻŋ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ¨āĻž āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĻ¨, āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ° āĻĢāĻŋāĻ°ā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻ‰āĻšāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻ†āĻŦāĻžāĻ° āĻĻā§‡āĻ–ā§āĻ¨ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻĒā§āĻ¨āĻ°āĻžāĻŦā§ƒāĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻŋ āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻ¨āĨ¤
53:48
Okay. Well that’s all. Thank you.
1036
3228960
2560
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡. āĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ˛ āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻ¸āĻŦ. āĻ§āĻ¨ā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻžāĻĻ.
53:51
Bye.
1037
3231520
4320
āĻŦāĻŋāĻĻāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤
54:01
This is a checkup for subjective pronouns and ‘be’ verbs.
1038
3241520
4480
āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇāĻ¯āĻŧāĻ—āĻ¤ āĻ¸āĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻ¨āĻžāĻŽ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ 'āĻšāĻ“' āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻšā§‡āĻ•āĻ†āĻĒāĨ¤
54:06
Let’s take a look at the board.
1039
3246560
1520
āĻāĻ° āĻŦā§‹āĻ°ā§āĻĄ āĻ•āĻŸāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻĒāĻžāĻ¤ āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•.
54:08
The first sentence.
1040
3248880
960
āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¯āĨ¤
54:10
“___, are bags.”
1041
3250600
2200
"___, āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ—āĨ¤"
54:13
Now, bags are things.
1042
3253520
2480
āĻāĻ–āĻ¨, āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ— āĻœāĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¸.
54:16
So we can’t say “he” or “she” or, you know, any of those.
1043
3256000
4240
āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°āĻŋ āĻ¨āĻž "āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋ" āĻŦāĻž "āĻ¸ā§‡" āĻŦāĻž, āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻœāĻžāĻ¨ā§‡āĻ¨, āĻāĻ° āĻ•ā§‹āĻ¨āĻŸāĻŋāĨ¤
54:20
We have to use “it” or “they”.
1044
3260240
2800
āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° "āĻāĻŸāĻŋ" āĻŦāĻž "āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž" āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻŦā§‡āĨ¤
54:23
Now, we have “areâ€Ļ.
1045
3263760
1600
āĻāĻ–āĻ¨, āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡ "āĻšāĻšā§āĻ›ā§‡...
54:26
bags”.
1046
3266320
720
āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ—"āĨ¤
54:27
With an ‘s’.
1047
3267040
720
āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ 's' āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĨ¤
54:28
So that means more than one.
1048
3268320
1680
āĻ¸ā§āĻ¤āĻ°āĻžāĻ‚ āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻāĻ•āĻžāĻ§āĻŋāĻ• āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§‡.
54:31
We have to use ‘they’.
1049
3271280
2480
āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° 'āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž' āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻŦā§‡āĨ¤
54:34
“They are bags.”
1050
3274960
2880
"āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ—āĨ¤"
54:37
Okay.
1051
3277840
800
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
54:38
The next sentence we have an animal.
1052
3278640
2480
āĻĒāĻ°āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§€ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¯ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻĒāĻļā§ āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
54:41
“____ is a dog.”
1053
3281120
1760
"____ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ•ā§āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĨ¤"
54:43
Okay.
1054
3283600
320
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
54:44
But just one.
1055
3284560
1200
āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§ āĻŽāĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻ° āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋāĨ¤
54:45
Right? ’a’ dog.
1056
3285760
1840
āĻ āĻŋāĻ•? 'āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ•ā§āĻ•ā§āĻ°.
54:47
So this time we use ‘it’.
1057
3287600
2000
āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻāĻ‡ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž 'āĻāĻŸāĻŋ' āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋāĨ¤
54:50
“It is a dog.”
1058
3290800
1680
"āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ•ā§āĻ•ā§āĻ°."
54:53
Now let’s look at these two.
1059
3293360
1520
āĻāĻ–āĻ¨ āĻāĻ‡ āĻĻā§āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ•āĻžāĻ¨.
54:55
“The girl is an artist.”
1060
3295600
2240
"āĻŽā§‡āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻŸāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻœāĻ¨ āĻļāĻŋāĻ˛ā§āĻĒā§€āĨ¤"
54:58
We have ‘the girl’.
1061
3298480
1760
āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° 'āĻŽā§‡āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡' āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤
55:01
What is the subjective pronoun for one girl?
1062
3301200
4960
āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŽā§‡āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇāĻ¯āĻŧāĻ—āĻ¤ āĻ¸āĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻ¨āĻžāĻŽ āĻ•āĻŋ?
55:06
“She.”
1063
3306160
320
"āĻ¸ā§‡āĨ¤"
55:07
“She is an artist.”
1064
3307920
1760
"āĻ¸ā§‡ āĻāĻ•āĻœāĻ¨ āĻļāĻŋāĻ˛ā§āĻĒā§€."
55:10
These two sentences have the same meaning.
1065
3310880
3440
āĻāĻ‡ āĻĻā§āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¯ āĻāĻ•āĻ‡ āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĨ āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
55:14
They’re the same.
1066
3314320
880
āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻāĻ•āĻ‡.
55:16
Okay, and on the bottom, we have a question.
1067
3316240
2640
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡, āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ¨ā§€āĻšā§‡, āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻļā§āĻ¨ āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
55:19
When we ask a question, we have to put the ‘be’ verb first.
1068
3319760
3760
āĻ¯āĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻļā§āĻ¨ āĻœāĻŋāĻœā§āĻžāĻžāĻ¸āĻž āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋ, āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽā§‡ 'āĻšāĻŦā§‡' āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻŸāĻŋ āĻ°āĻžāĻ–āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻŦā§‡āĨ¤
55:24
“Are ___ pandas?”
1069
3324320
2080
"___ āĻĒāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻĄāĻž āĻ•āĻŋ?"
55:28
“Are ___ pandas?”
1070
3328320
2640
"___ āĻĒāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻĄāĻž āĻ•āĻŋ?"
55:30
With an ‘s’.
1071
3330960
1120
āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ 's' āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĨ¤
55:32
That means more than one.
1072
3332080
1920
āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻāĻ•āĻžāĻ§āĻŋāĻ•āĨ¤
55:34
So, we say, “they”.
1073
3334000
2160
āĻ¸ā§āĻ¤āĻ°āĻžāĻ‚, āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻŦāĻ˛āĻŋ, "āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž"āĨ¤
55:37
“Are they pandas?”
1074
3337200
1280
"āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻ•āĻŋ āĻĒāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻĄāĻž?"
55:39
“Yes, ____ are.”
1075
3339840
2720
"āĻšā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ, ____ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤"
55:42
Again plural.
1076
3342560
1200
āĻ†āĻŦāĻžāĻ° āĻŦāĻšā§āĻŦāĻšāĻ¨āĨ¤
55:43
So we just use the same.
1077
3343760
2000
āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻļā§āĻ§ā§ āĻāĻ•āĻ‡ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ°.
55:45
“They.”
1078
3345760
800
"āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻžāĨ¤"
55:46
“Yes, they are.”
1079
3346560
1280
"āĻšā§āĻ¯āĻž āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž."
55:48
Okay, let’s move on to the next part.
1080
3348400
2160
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡, āĻāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§€ āĻ…āĻ‚āĻļā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•āĨ¤
55:50
Okay, now we’re going to focus on negatives and questions.
1081
3350560
4640
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡, āĻāĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ¤āĻŋāĻŦāĻžāĻšāĻ• āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻļā§āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ° āĻ‰āĻĒāĻ° āĻĢā§‹āĻ•āĻžāĻ¸ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻšā§āĻ›āĻŋāĨ¤
55:56
Okay, the first sentence says,
1082
3356240
2320
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡, āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¯āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻ˛ā§‡,
55:58
“I’m a student”.
1083
3358560
1280
"āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻœāĻ¨ āĻ›āĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻ°"āĨ¤
56:00
Okay, “I amâ€ĻI’m a student”.
1084
3360480
2400
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡, "āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ...āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻœāĻ¨ āĻ›āĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻ°"āĨ¤
56:03
Okay.
1085
3363520
640
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
56:04
What if I’m a teacher?
1086
3364160
1760
āĻ¯āĻĻāĻŋ āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻœāĻ¨ āĻļāĻŋāĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻ• āĻšāĻ‡?
56:05
Okay, it’s not true.
1087
3365920
1600
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡, āĻāĻŸāĻž āĻ¸āĻ¤ā§āĻ¯ āĻ¨āĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤
56:07
I need ‘not’.
1088
3367520
1520
āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ° 'āĻ¨āĻž' āĻĻāĻ°āĻ•āĻžāĻ°āĨ¤
56:09
Rightâ€Ļ
1089
3369040
320
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡...
56:10
Remember, ‘not’ goes after the ‘be’ verb.
1090
3370000
3040
āĻŽāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ°āĻžāĻ–āĻŦā§‡āĻ¨, 'be' āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻĒāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻĒāĻ°ā§‡ 'not' āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤
56:13
“I amâ€Ļam not.”
1091
3373040
2800
"āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ†āĻ›āĻŋ... āĻ¨āĻ‡āĨ¤"
56:17
And then the noun. “â€Ļa student.”
1092
3377600
2160
āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻĒāĻ° āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§āĻ¯. "â€ĻāĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ›āĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻ°."
56:20
“I’m not a student.”
1093
3380400
1840
"āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻœāĻ¨ āĻ›āĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻ° āĻ¨āĻ‡."
56:23
Okay.
1094
3383280
320
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
56:24
“They are teachers.”
1095
3384240
1840
"āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻļāĻŋāĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻ•."
56:26
Okay.
1096
3386880
960
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
56:27
And now we have some other people...
1097
3387840
2000
āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻāĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻ†āĻ°āĻ“ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ›ā§ āĻ˛ā§‹āĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡...
56:30
and that’s not true.
1098
3390400
1520
āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¸āĻ¤ā§āĻ¯ āĻ¨āĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤
56:32
“They are not teachers.”
1099
3392640
4640
"āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻļāĻŋāĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻ• āĻ¨āĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤"
56:38
Again, after the ‘be’ verb ‘are’ and before the noun ‘teachers’.
1100
3398240
5760
āĻ†āĻŦāĻžāĻ° 'be' āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°ā§‡ 'are' āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ noun-āĻāĻ° āĻ†āĻ—ā§‡ 'teachers'āĨ¤
56:44
“They are not teachers.”
1101
3404000
2160
"āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻļāĻŋāĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻ• āĻ¨āĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤"
56:47
Okay.
1102
3407120
400
56:47
Now, I’m going to ask you a question.
1103
3407520
2240
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
āĻāĻ–āĻ¨, āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ•ā§‡ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻļā§āĻ¨ āĻœāĻŋāĻœā§āĻžāĻžāĻ¸āĻž āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻšā§āĻ›āĻŋ.
56:49
And you have to answer.
1104
3409760
1680
āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ•ā§‡ āĻ‰āĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻ° āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻŦā§‡āĨ¤
56:52
“Are you a student?”
1105
3412560
1360
"āĻ¤ā§āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ•āĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻœāĻ¨ āĻ›āĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻ°?"
56:55
“Are you a student?”
1106
3415600
2320
"āĻ¤ā§āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ•āĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻœāĻ¨ āĻ›āĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻ°?"
56:57
Well, you’re taking my class,  you’re learning English.
1107
3417920
3680
āĻ†āĻšā§āĻ›āĻž, āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻ•ā§āĻ˛āĻžāĻ¸ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻšā§āĻ›ā§‡āĻ¨, āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ‡āĻ‚āĻ°ā§‡āĻœāĻŋ āĻļāĻŋāĻ–āĻ›ā§‡āĻ¨āĨ¤
57:01
So, “Yes, I am.”
1108
3421600
1760
āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡, "āĻšā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ, āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋāĨ¤"
57:04
Okay, you should say, “Yes, I am.”
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡, āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ° āĻŦāĻ˛āĻž āĻ‰āĻšāĻŋāĻ¤, "āĻšā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ, āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ†āĻ›āĻŋāĨ¤"
57:07
But how about this one?
1110
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1600
āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ­āĻžāĻŦā§‡ āĻāĻ‡ āĻāĻ• āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ•ā§‡?
57:09
“Are you a monkey?”
1111
3429040
960
"āĻ¤ā§āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ•āĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻ¨āĻ°?"
57:11
“Are you a monkey?”
1112
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880
"āĻ¤ā§āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ•āĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻ¨āĻ°?"
57:13
Of course the answer is “No, I’m not”.
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āĻ…āĻŦāĻļā§āĻ¯āĻ‡ āĻ‰āĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻ° "āĻ¨āĻž, āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ¨āĻ‡"āĨ¤
57:17
“No, I’m not”.
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"āĻ¨āĻž āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ¨āĻ‡".
57:19
Okay, let’s move on to the last part.
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡, āĻļā§‡āĻˇ āĻ…āĻ‚āĻļā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•āĨ¤
57:22
Now for this last part, we’re going to look at some sentences,
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āĻāĻ–āĻ¨ āĻāĻ‡ āĻļā§‡āĻˇ āĻ…āĻ‚āĻļā§‡āĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯, āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ•āĻŋāĻ›ā§ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¯ āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻšā§āĻ›āĻŋ,
57:27
but there’s something wrong  in all of these sentences.
1117
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āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§ āĻāĻ‡ āĻ¸āĻŦ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ›ā§ āĻ­ā§āĻ˛ āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤
57:31
So you have to find the mistakes.
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āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻ­ā§āĻ˛āĻ—ā§āĻ˛ā§‹ āĻ–ā§āĻāĻœā§‡ āĻŦā§‡āĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻŦā§‡āĨ¤
57:34
The first sentence says, “I’m student”.
1119
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āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¯āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻ˛ā§‡, "āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ›āĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻ°"āĨ¤
57:40
Okay, look, “student”.
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡, āĻĻā§‡āĻ–ā§āĻ¨, "āĻ›āĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻ°"āĨ¤
57:42
There’s no ‘s’.
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āĻ•ā§‹āĻ¨ā§‹ 'āĻ¸' āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ‡āĨ¤
57:44
That means just one.
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āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻļā§āĻ§ā§ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻžāĨ¤
57:46
Just one.
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āĻļā§āĻ§ā§ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ.
57:47
So remember, if there’s just  one, we have to put ‘a’.
1124
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āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻŽāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ°āĻžāĻ–āĻŦā§‡āĻ¨, āĻ¯āĻĻāĻŋ āĻļā§āĻ§ā§āĻŽāĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻ° āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•ā§‡, āĻ¤āĻžāĻšāĻ˛ā§‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° 'a' āĻ˛āĻžāĻ—āĻžāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻŦā§‡āĨ¤
57:53
“I’m a student.”
1125
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"āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻœāĻ¨ āĻ›āĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻ°."
57:56
Let’s look at the next one.
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āĻāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°ā§‡āĻ° āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ•āĻžāĻ¨.
57:58
“They are student”.
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"āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻļāĻŋāĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻĨā§€".
58:01
Okay.
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480
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
58:02
This one says, “They are”.
1129
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āĻāĻ‡ āĻāĻ• āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ›ā§‡, "āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž"āĨ¤
58:05
This means there is more than one.
1130
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āĻāĻ° āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻāĻ•āĻžāĻ§āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤
58:08
More than one student.
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āĻāĻ•āĻžāĻ§āĻŋāĻ• āĻ›āĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻ°āĨ¤
58:10
So, what do we have to do?
1132
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āĻ¸ā§āĻ¤āĻ°āĻžāĻ‚, āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻ•āĻŋ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻŦā§‡?
58:12
We have to say “They areâ€Ļ.
1133
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻŦā§‡ “āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻžâ€ĻāĨ¤
58:16
students”.
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āĻ›āĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻ°"āĨ¤
58:18
We have to put an ‘s’ to show there’s more than one student.
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āĻāĻ•āĻžāĻ§āĻŋāĻ• āĻ›āĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻ° āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡ āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻžāĻ¨ā§‹āĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ 's' āĻ˛āĻžāĻ—āĻžāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻŦā§‡āĨ¤
58:24
“She aren’t a baby.”
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"āĻ¸ā§‡ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻļāĻŋāĻļā§ āĻ¨āĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤"
58:28
“She.”
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"āĻ¸ā§‡āĨ¤"
58:29
That’s one person.
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āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻāĻ• āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻ•ā§āĻ¤āĻŋ.
58:31
One girl or woman.
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āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŽā§‡āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻŦāĻž āĻŽāĻšāĻŋāĻ˛āĻžāĨ¤
58:33
“â€Ļa baby.”
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"â€ĻāĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻšā§āĻšāĻž."
58:34
That’s one person.
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āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻāĻ• āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻ•ā§āĻ¤āĻŋ.
58:37
But we put “aren’t”.
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āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ°āĻžāĻ–āĻŋ "āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ¨āĻž"āĨ¤
58:39
Now that’s wrong.
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āĻāĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ¸ā§‡āĻŸāĻž āĻ­ā§āĻ˛āĨ¤
58:40
We have to say... ‘isn’t’.
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻŦā§‡... 'āĻ¨āĻž'āĨ¤
58:45
“She isn’t a baby”.
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"āĻ¸ā§‡ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻļāĻŋāĻļā§ āĻ¨āĻ¯āĻŧ"
58:50
“You isn’t a cat”.
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"āĻ¤ā§āĻŽāĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻĄāĻŧāĻžāĻ˛ āĻ¨āĻž"āĨ¤
58:53
Now, for the subjective pronoun ‘you’,
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āĻāĻ–āĻ¨, āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇāĻ¯āĻŧāĻ­āĻŋāĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ• āĻ¸āĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻ¨āĻžāĻŽ 'āĻ¤ā§āĻŽāĻŋ'-āĻāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯
58:56
we have to have the ‘be’ verb ‘are’.
1148
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° 'āĻšāĻŦā§‡' āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻĒāĻĻ 'are' āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻŦā§‡āĨ¤
59:00
So not “You isn’t a cat”,  but “You aren’t... a cat”.
1149
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āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ "āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻĄāĻŧāĻžāĻ˛ āĻ¨āĻ¨", āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§ "āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ¨āĻ¨... āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻĄāĻŧāĻžāĻ˛"āĨ¤
59:07
“You aren’t a cat.”
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"āĻ¤ā§āĻŽāĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻĄāĻŧāĻžāĻ˛ āĻ¨āĻžāĨ¤"
59:10
Okay.
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
59:11
“Are it a cat?”
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"āĻāĻŸāĻž āĻ•āĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻĄāĻŧāĻžāĻ˛?"
59:14
Okay. “â€Ļa cat.”
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡. "â€ĻāĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻĄāĻŧāĻžāĻ˛."
59:16
That’s one animal.
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āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻžāĻŖā§€.
59:18
So, do we need ‘are’?
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āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡, āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻ•āĻŋ 'āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧ' āĻĻāĻ°āĻ•āĻžāĻ°?
59:20
No, we need the ‘be’ verb ‘is’.
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āĻ¨āĻž, āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° 'āĻšāĻŦā§‡' āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž 'is' āĻĻāĻ°āĻ•āĻžāĻ°āĨ¤
59:24
“Is it a cat?”
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"āĻāĻŸāĻž āĻ•āĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻĄāĻŧāĻžāĻ˛?"
59:27
“Is it a cat?”
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"āĻāĻŸāĻž āĻ•āĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻĄāĻŧāĻžāĻ˛?"
59:29
Okay, so that was the checkup for subjective pronouns and ‘be’ verbs.
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡, āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛ āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇāĻ¯āĻŧāĻ—āĻ¤ āĻ¸āĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻ¨āĻžāĻŽ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ 'āĻšāĻ“' āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻšā§‡āĻ•āĻ†āĻĒāĨ¤
59:33
I hope you guys understood and I’ll see you in the next video.
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ†āĻļāĻž āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻŦā§āĻāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒā§‡āĻ°ā§‡āĻ›ā§‡āĻ¨ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ•ā§‡ āĻĒāĻ°āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§€ āĻ­āĻŋāĻĄāĻŋāĻ“āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻŦāĨ¤
59:37
Bye.
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āĻŦāĻŋāĻĻāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤
59:47
Hi, everybody.
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āĻ¸āĻŦāĻžāĻ‡ āĻ•ā§‡āĻŽāĻ¨ āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡āĻ¨.
59:48
In this video, we’re going to learn how to  make questions using ‘what’ and ‘be’ verbs. 
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āĻāĻ‡ āĻ­āĻŋāĻĄāĻŋāĻ“āĻ¤ā§‡, āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻļāĻŋāĻ–āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻšā§āĻ›āĻŋ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ­āĻžāĻŦā§‡ 'what' āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ 'be' āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻļā§āĻ¨ āĻ¤ā§ˆāĻ°āĻŋ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤
59:55
Okay. Now when we have one thing,
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡. āĻāĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ¯āĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻœāĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¸ āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡, āĻ¤āĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ°
59:58
we have to use the ‘be’ verb ‘is’.
1165
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'be' āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž 'is' āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻŦā§‡āĨ¤
60:01
“What is it?”
1166
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"āĻāĻŸāĻž āĻ•āĻŋ?"
60:05
“What is it?”
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"āĻāĻŸāĻž āĻ•āĻŋ?"
60:08
“It is a watch.”
1168
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"āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ˜āĻĄāĻŧāĻŋāĨ¤"
60:12
“It is a watch.”
1169
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"āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ˜āĻĄāĻŧāĻŋāĨ¤"
60:14
It’s one thing, so I have to say ‘a’.
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āĻāĻŸāĻž āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻž āĻœāĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¸, āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ•ā§‡ 'āĻ•' āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻŦā§‡āĨ¤
60:18
“a watch.”
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"āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ˜āĻĄāĻŧāĻŋ."
60:20
I can also use the contraction for ‘it is’,
1172
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ 'āĻāĻŸāĻŋ', "āĻāĻŸāĻŋ'-āĻāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ¸āĻ‚āĻ•ā§‹āĻšāĻ¨āĻ“ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°āĻŋ
60:24
“it’s”.
1173
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400
āĨ¤
60:25
Okay, now listen.
1174
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡, āĻāĻ–āĻ¨ āĻļā§‹āĻ¨āĨ¤
60:27
“It’s a â€Ļ.”
1175
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"āĻāĻŸāĻž āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻž â€Ļ."
60:28
“It’s a â€Ļ.”
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"āĻāĻŸāĻž āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻž â€Ļ."
60:30
“It’s a watch.”
1177
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"āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ˜āĻĄāĻŧāĻŋ."
60:36
“It’s a watch.”
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"āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ˜āĻĄāĻŧāĻŋ."
60:39
“What is it?”
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"āĻāĻŸāĻž āĻ•āĻŋ?"
60:41
“What is it?”
1180
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480
"āĻāĻŸāĻž āĻ•āĻŋ?"
60:43
“It’s a marker.”
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3643760
1040
"āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŽāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ•āĻžāĻ°āĨ¤"
60:44
“It’s a marker.”
1182
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"āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŽāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ•āĻžāĻ°āĨ¤"
60:46
Okay. Now, there are two highlighters.
1183
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡. āĻāĻ–āĻ¨, āĻĻā§āĻŸāĻŋ āĻšāĻžāĻ‡āĻ˛āĻžāĻ‡āĻŸāĻžāĻ° āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤
60:51
Okay, two.
1184
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡, āĻĻā§āĻ‡.
60:52
We use ‘are’.
1185
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž 'are' āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋāĨ¤
60:55
“What are they?”
1186
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"āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻ•āĻŋ?"
60:57
“What are they?”
1187
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1200
"āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻ•āĻŋ?"
61:00
“They are highlighters.”
1188
3660800
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"āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻšāĻžāĻ‡āĻ˛āĻžāĻ‡āĻŸāĻžāĻ°āĨ¤"
61:04
“They are highlighters.”
1189
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"āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻšāĻžāĻ‡āĻ˛āĻžāĻ‡āĻŸāĻžāĻ°āĨ¤"
61:07
We have more than one, so we have to say “are”.
1190
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻāĻ•āĻžāĻ§āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡, āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻŦā§‡ "āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧ"āĨ¤
61:11
And we have to put an ‘s’ at the end.
1191
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āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻļā§‡āĻˇā§‡ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ 's' āĻ˛āĻžāĻ—āĻžāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻŦā§‡āĨ¤
61:15
Again, we can use a contraction for ‘they are’:
1192
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āĻ†āĻŦāĻžāĻ°, āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž 'āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž' āĻāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¸āĻ‚āĻ•ā§‹āĻšāĻ¨ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°āĻŋ:
61:19
“they’re”.
1193
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"āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž"āĨ¤
61:20
“They’re highlighters.”
1194
3680400
3680
"āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻšāĻžāĻ‡āĻ˛āĻžāĻ‡āĻŸāĻžāĻ°āĨ¤"
61:24
“They’re highlighters.”
1195
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"āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻšāĻžāĻ‡āĻ˛āĻžāĻ‡āĻŸāĻžāĻ°āĨ¤"
61:29
“What are they?”
1196
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"āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻ•āĻŋ?"
61:32
“What are they?”
1197
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"āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻ•āĻŋ?"
61:34
“They’re markers.”
1198
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"āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻšāĻŋāĻšā§āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¤āĻ•āĻžāĻ°ā§€āĨ¤"
61:36
“They’re markers.”
1199
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"āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻšāĻŋāĻšā§āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¤āĻ•āĻžāĻ°ā§€āĨ¤"
61:39
Okay. 
1200
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
61:40
We’re going to look at some examples  and I’m going to ask some questions.
1201
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ•āĻŋāĻ›ā§ āĻ‰āĻĻāĻžāĻšāĻ°āĻŖ āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻšā§āĻ›āĻŋ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ›ā§ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻļā§āĻ¨ āĻœāĻŋāĻœā§āĻžāĻžāĻ¸āĻž āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻšā§āĻ›āĻŋ.
61:44
We please try to answer them.
1202
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ¤āĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻ‰āĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻ° āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšā§‡āĻˇā§āĻŸāĻž āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻ¨.
61:48
Listen carefully and answer with “It’s 
1203
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āĻŽāĻ¨ā§‹āĻ¯ā§‹āĻ— āĻ¸āĻšāĻ•āĻžāĻ°ā§‡ āĻļā§āĻ¨ā§āĻ¨ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ "āĻāĻŸāĻŋ
61:51
a” or “They’re”. Let’s look at the first one.
1204
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āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ" āĻŦāĻž "āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž" āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻ‰āĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻ° āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¨āĨ¤ āĻāĻ° āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽ āĻāĻ• āĻ¤āĻžāĻ•āĻžāĻ¨.
61:55
“What is it?”
1205
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"āĻāĻŸāĻž āĻ•āĻŋ?"
61:57
“What is it?”
1206
3717280
560
61:57
“It’s a key.”
1207
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4240
"āĻāĻŸāĻž āĻ•āĻŋ?"
"āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻšāĻžāĻŦāĻŋāĨ¤"
62:05
“It’s a key.”
1208
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"āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻšāĻžāĻŦāĻŋāĨ¤"
62:07
“What are they?”
1209
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720
"āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻ•āĻŋ?"
62:11
“What are they?”
1210
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"āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻ•āĻŋ?"
62:13
“They’re keys.”
1211
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"āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻšāĻžāĻŦāĻŋāĨ¤"
62:18
“They’re keys.”
1212
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"āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻšāĻžāĻŦāĻŋāĨ¤"
62:20
“What is it?”
1213
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640
"āĻāĻŸāĻž āĻ•āĻŋ?"
62:24
“What is it?”
1214
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800
"āĻāĻŸāĻž āĻ•āĻŋ?"
62:26
“It’s a chair.”
1215
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"āĻāĻŸāĻž āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻž āĻ•ā§‡āĻĻāĻžāĻ°āĻž."
62:30
“It’s a chair.”
1216
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"āĻāĻŸāĻž āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻž āĻ•ā§‡āĻĻāĻžāĻ°āĻž."
62:32
“What are they?”
1217
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460
62:32
“What are they?”
1218
3752620
20
62:32
“They’re chairs.”
1219
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"āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻ•āĻŋ?"
"āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻ•āĻŋ?" "āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻšā§‡āĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ°āĨ¤"
62:37
“They’re chairs.”
1220
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"āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻšā§‡āĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ°āĨ¤"
62:43
“What is it?”
1221
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"āĻāĻŸāĻž āĻ•āĻŋ?"
62:46
“What is it?”
1222
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"āĻāĻŸāĻž āĻ•āĻŋ?"
62:48
“It’s a cat.”
1223
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"āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻĄāĻŧāĻžāĻ˛."
63:02
“It’s a cat.”
1224
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"āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻĄāĻŧāĻžāĻ˛."
63:07
“What are they?”
1225
3787292
34
63:07
“What are they?”
1226
3787326
34
63:07
“They’re cats.”
1227
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553
63:07
“They’re cats.”
1228
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"āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻ•āĻŋ?" "āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻ•āĻŋ?"
"āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻŦāĻŋāĻĄāĻŧāĻžāĻ˛āĨ¤"
"āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻŦāĻŋāĻĄāĻŧāĻžāĻ˛āĨ¤"
63:08
“What is it?”
1229
3788312
324
63:08
“What is it?”
1230
3788636
324
63:08
“It’s a house.”
1231
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"āĻāĻŸāĻž āĻ•āĻŋ?"
"āĻāĻŸāĻž āĻ•āĻŋ?"
"āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ˜āĻ°."
63:13
“It’s a house.”
1232
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"āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ˜āĻ°."
63:15
“What are they?”
1233
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"āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻ•āĻŋ?"
63:16
“What are they?”
1234
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20
63:16
“They’re houses.”
1235
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"āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻ•āĻŋ?" "āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻ˜āĻ°āĨ¤"
63:20
“They’re houses.”
1236
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"āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻ˜āĻ°āĨ¤"
63:23
Now let’s focus on pronunciation
1237
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āĻāĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ‰āĻšā§āĻšāĻžāĻ°āĻŖ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻāĻ‡ āĻĻā§āĻ°ā§āĻ¤ āĻŦāĻ˛āĻžāĻ°
63:26
and saying these fast. Okay. 
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āĻ‰āĻĒāĻ° āĻĢā§‹āĻ•āĻžāĻ¸ āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻ¯āĻžāĻ• . āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
63:28
English speakers speak very quickly,
1239
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āĻ‡āĻ‚āĻ°ā§‡āĻœāĻŋ āĻ­āĻžāĻˇāĻžāĻ­āĻžāĻˇā§€ āĻ–ā§āĻŦ āĻĻā§āĻ°ā§āĻ¤ āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āĻŦāĻ˛ā§‡,
63:31
so you have to practice as well.
1240
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āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ•ā§‡ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻļā§€āĻ˛āĻ¨āĻ“ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻŦā§‡āĨ¤
63:34
Okay. “What is it?” 
1241
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡. "āĻāĻŸāĻž āĻ•āĻŋ?"
63:37
Okay, let’s try it faster three times.
1242
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡, āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¨āĻŦāĻžāĻ° āĻĻā§āĻ°ā§āĻ¤ āĻšā§‡āĻˇā§āĻŸāĻž āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•āĨ¤
63:40
“What is it?”
1243
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560
"āĻāĻŸāĻž āĻ•āĻŋ?"
63:42
“What is it?”
1244
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560
"āĻāĻŸāĻž āĻ•āĻŋ?"
63:43
“What is it?”
1245
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560
63:43
It sounds like one word.
1246
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"āĻāĻŸāĻž āĻ•āĻŋ?"
āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻŽāĻ¤ āĻļā§‹āĻ¨āĻžāĻšā§āĻ›ā§‡.
63:46
Okay, and the answer is also very fast.
1247
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡, āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ‰āĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻ°āĻŸāĻŋāĻ“ āĻ–ā§āĻŦ āĻĻā§āĻ°ā§āĻ¤āĨ¤
63:49
“It’s aâ€Ļ”
1248
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"āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ..."
63:51
“It’s aâ€Ļ”
1249
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560
"āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ..."
63:52
“It’s aâ€Ļ”
1250
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480
"āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ..."
63:53
“It’s a pencil.”
1251
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"āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻĒā§‡āĻ¨ā§āĻ¸āĻŋāĻ˛āĨ¤"
63:57
“It’s a chair.”
1252
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21
63:57
“It’s a marker.”
1253
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"āĻāĻŸāĻž āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻž āĻ•ā§‡āĻĻāĻžāĻ°āĻž." "āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŽāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ•āĻžāĻ°āĨ¤"
63:59
Okay.
1254
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
64:00
When we have more than one,  we say, “What are they?”.
1255
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āĻ¯āĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻāĻ•āĻžāĻ§āĻŋāĻ• āĻĨāĻžāĻ•ā§‡, āĻ¤āĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻŦāĻ˛āĻŋ, "āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻ•ā§€?"āĨ¤
64:03
Let’s do it fast three times.
1256
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āĻšāĻ˛ā§āĻ¨ āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¨āĻŦāĻžāĻ° āĻĻā§āĻ°ā§āĻ¤ āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋāĨ¤
64:05
“What are they?”
1257
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"āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻ•āĻŋ?"
64:08
“What are they?”
1258
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720
"āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻ•āĻŋ?"
64:09
“What are they?”
1259
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1360
"āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻ•āĻŋ?"
64:10
Okay.
1260
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
64:11
And when you answer. “They’reâ€Ļ” 
1261
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āĻ†āĻ° āĻ¯āĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ¤ā§āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ‰āĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻ° āĻĻāĻžāĻ“āĨ¤ "āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž..."
64:14
“They’re pencils”
1262
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"āĻ“āĻ°āĻž āĻĒā§‡āĻ¨ā§āĻ¸āĻŋāĻ˛"
64:16
“They’re chairs”
1263
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"āĻ“āĻ°āĻž āĻšā§‡āĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ°"
64:18
“They’re markers”
1264
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"āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻŽāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ•āĻžāĻ°"
64:20
Okay, so this video was ‘what’ and ‘be’ verbs.
1265
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡, āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻāĻ‡ āĻ­āĻŋāĻĄāĻŋāĻ“āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛ 'āĻ•ā§€' āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ 'āĻšāĻŦā§‡' āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĨ¤
64:25
I hope you understood, and  I’ll see you in the next video.
1266
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ†āĻļāĻž āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻŦā§āĻāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒā§‡āĻ°ā§‡āĻ›ā§‡āĻ¨, āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ•ā§‡ āĻĒāĻ°āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§€ āĻ­āĻŋāĻĄāĻŋāĻ“āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻŦāĨ¤
64:28
Bye.
1267
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āĻŦāĻŋāĻĻāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤
64:38
Hi, everybody, and welcome.
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āĻšāĻžāĻ‡, āĻ¸āĻŦāĻžāĻ‡, āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ—āĻ¤āĻŽ.
64:41
In this video, we’re going to talk about ‘this’ and ‘that’.
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āĻāĻ‡ āĻ­āĻŋāĻĄāĻŋāĻ“āĻ¤ā§‡, āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž 'āĻāĻ‡' āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ 'āĻ“āĻŸāĻž' āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ•ā§‡ āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻšā§āĻ›āĻŋāĨ¤
64:46
Now ‘this’ and ‘that’ are used to talk about nouns
1270
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āĻāĻ–āĻ¨ 'āĻāĻ‡' āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ 'āĻ¸ā§‡āĻ‡' āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§āĻ¯ āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ•ā§‡ āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšā§ƒāĻ¤ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧ
64:51
that are close to us, near or far away.
1271
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āĻ¯āĻž āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻ•āĻžāĻ›āĻžāĻ•āĻžāĻ›āĻŋ, āĻ•āĻžāĻ›ā§‡ āĻŦāĻž āĻĻā§‚āĻ°ā§‡āĨ¤
64:56
Okay.
1272
3896080
560
64:56
So let’s look at the board.
1273
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1440
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻāĻ° āĻŦā§‹āĻ°ā§āĻĄ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ•āĻžāĻ¨.
64:59
“This is a flower.”
1274
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2160
"āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻĢā§āĻ˛āĨ¤"
65:02
Okay, we use ‘this’ to talk about  one noun, “a flower”, that is close.
1275
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡, āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§āĻ¯ āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ•ā§‡ āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§‡ 'āĻāĻ‡' āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋ, "āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻĢā§āĻ˛", āĻ¯ā§‡āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ•āĻžāĻ›āĻžāĻ•āĻžāĻ›āĻŋāĨ¤
65:10
Okay.
1276
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720
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
65:11
“This is a flower.”
1277
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2000
"āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻĢā§āĻ˛āĨ¤"
65:13
It’s not far.
1278
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āĻāĻŸāĻž āĻŦā§‡āĻļā§€ āĻĻā§‚āĻ°ā§‡ āĻ¨āĻ¯āĻŧ.
65:14
It’s close.
1279
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720
āĻāĻŸāĻž āĻŦāĻ¨ā§āĻ§.
65:17
“That is a flower.”
1280
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1920
"āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻĢā§āĻ˛āĨ¤"
65:19
Okay, we use ‘that’ to talk  about one noun that’s far away.
1281
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡, āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§āĻ¯ āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ•ā§‡ āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§‡ 'āĻ¸ā§‡āĻ‡' āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋ āĻ¯āĻž āĻ…āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ• āĻĻā§‚āĻ°ā§‡āĨ¤
65:26
So, “Thatâ€Ļ that is a flower”.
1282
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āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡, "āĻ“āĻŸāĻž... āĻ“āĻŸāĻž āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻž āĻĢā§āĻ˛"āĨ¤
65:31
Okay.
1283
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720
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
65:32
For another exampleâ€Ļ
1284
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āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ‰āĻĻāĻžāĻšāĻ°āĻŖā§‡āĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯...
65:34
“This is a marker.”
1285
3934880
2000
"āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŽāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ•āĻžāĻ°āĨ¤"
65:37
It’s close to me.
1286
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1200
āĻāĻŸāĻž āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻžāĻ›āĻžāĻ•āĻžāĻ›āĻŋ.
65:39
But “Thatâ€Ļ that is a marker”.
1287
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āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§ “āĻ“āĻŸāĻžâ€Ļ āĻ¸ā§‡āĻŸāĻž āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻž āĻŽāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ•āĻžāĻ°â€āĨ¤
65:44
It’s far away.
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āĻāĻŸāĻž āĻ…āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ• āĻĻā§‚āĻ°.
65:46
Okay, let’s move on to the next part.
1289
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2160
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡, āĻāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§€ āĻ…āĻ‚āĻļā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•āĨ¤
65:49
So we knowâ€Ļ
1290
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1280
āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻœāĻžāĻ¨āĻŋ...
65:50
“This is a flower.”
1291
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1840
"āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻĢā§āĻ˛āĨ¤"
65:53
Okay.
1292
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320
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
65:54
And “That is a flower... that”.
1293
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āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ "āĻ“āĻŸāĻž āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻž āĻĢā§āĻ˛... āĻ¯ā§‡"āĨ¤
65:59
Now, “Is this a flower”?
1294
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āĻāĻ–āĻ¨, "āĻāĻŸāĻž āĻ•āĻŋ āĻĢā§āĻ˛"?
66:02
“What is it?”
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640
"āĻāĻŸāĻž āĻ•āĻŋ?"
66:03
“It’s a chair.”
1296
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800
"āĻāĻŸāĻž āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻž āĻ•ā§‡āĻĻāĻžāĻ°āĻž."
66:04
So we have to use the negative.
1297
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1920
āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ¤āĻŋāĻŦāĻžāĻšāĻ• āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻŦā§‡āĨ¤
66:07
“This isn’t a flower.”
1298
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"āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻĢā§āĻ˛ āĻ¨āĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤"
66:09
It’s close by, but it isn’t a flower.
1299
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āĻāĻŸāĻž āĻ•āĻžāĻ›āĻžāĻ•āĻžāĻ›āĻŋ, āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§ āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻĢā§āĻ˛ āĻ¨āĻ¯āĻŧ.
66:14
‘isn’t’ is a contraction for ‘is not’.
1300
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'is not' āĻšāĻ˛ 'is not'-āĻāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¸āĻ‚āĻ•ā§‹āĻšāĻ¨āĨ¤
66:18
Okay.
1301
3978400
240
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
66:19
“This isn’t a flower.”
1302
3979360
2240
"āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻĢā§āĻ˛ āĻ¨āĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤"
66:21
“This is a chair.”
1303
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1360
"āĻāĻ‡ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻšā§‡āĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ°."
66:25
“That isn’t a flower.”
1304
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1920
"āĻ“āĻŸāĻž āĻĢā§āĻ˛ āĻ¨āĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤"
66:27
It’s far away, so we say “that”.
1305
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2320
āĻāĻŸāĻž āĻ…āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ• āĻĻā§‚āĻ°ā§‡, āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻŦāĻ˛āĻŋ “āĻ¸ā§‡āĻŸāĻžâ€āĨ¤
66:30
Again, we have ‘isn’t’, ‘a flower’.
1306
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2720
āĻ†āĻŦāĻžāĻ°, āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡ 'āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ¨āĻž', 'āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻĢā§āĻ˛'āĨ¤
66:33
“That’s a chair.”
1307
3993840
1440
"āĻāĻŸāĻž āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻž āĻšā§‡āĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ°āĨ¤"
66:36
And let’s take another example.
1308
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2080
āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻāĻ° āĻ†āĻ°ā§‡āĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ‰āĻĻāĻžāĻšāĻ°āĻŖ āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•.
66:39
“This isn’t a pencil.”
1309
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2160
"āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻĒā§‡āĻ¨ā§āĻ¸āĻŋāĻ˛ āĻ¨āĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤"
66:42
“This is a marker.”
1310
4002240
1440
"āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŽāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ•āĻžāĻ°āĨ¤"
66:44
Andâ€Ļ
1311
4004240
320
āĻāĻŦāĻ‚...
66:45
“That isn’t a pencil.”
1312
4005120
2480
"āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻĒā§‡āĻ¨ā§āĻ¸āĻŋāĻ˛ āĻ¨āĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤"
66:48
“That is a marker.”
1313
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"āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŽāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ•āĻžāĻ°āĨ¤"
66:50
Okay, let’s move on to the next part.
1314
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2160
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡, āĻāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§€ āĻ…āĻ‚āĻļā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•āĨ¤
66:54
Now we’re going to learn how to use ‘this’ and ‘that’ in a question.
1315
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5360
āĻāĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻļā§āĻ¨ā§‡ 'āĻāĻ‡' āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ 'āĻ“āĻŸāĻž' āĻ•ā§€āĻ­āĻžāĻŦā§‡ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ¤āĻž āĻļāĻŋāĻ–āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻšā§āĻ›āĻŋāĨ¤
66:59
Okay.
1316
4019760
720
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
67:00
So we know, “This is a flower”.
1317
4020480
2880
āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻœāĻžāĻ¨āĻŋ, "āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻĢā§āĻ˛"āĨ¤
67:04
When we make a question, we have to switch.
1318
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āĻ¯āĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻļā§āĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋ, āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤āĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻŦā§‡āĨ¤
67:07
We put the ‘be’ verb first.
1319
4027600
1920
āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽā§‡ 'be' āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻŸāĻŋ āĻ°āĻžāĻ–āĻŋāĨ¤
67:10
So it becomes, “Is this a flower?”.
1320
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āĻ¸ā§āĻ¤āĻ°āĻžāĻ‚ āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ, "āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻ•āĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻĢā§āĻ˛?"āĨ¤
67:14
Okay, it’s close by.
1321
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡, āĻāĻŸāĻž āĻ•āĻžāĻ›āĻžāĻ•āĻžāĻ›āĻŋ.
67:16
So the answer is, “Yes, it is”.
1322
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āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻ‰āĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻ° āĻšāĻ˛, "āĻšā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ, āĻāĻŸāĻž"āĨ¤
67:20
Okay.
1323
4040480
320
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
67:21
“Is that a flower?”
1324
4041520
1520
"āĻāĻŸāĻž āĻ•āĻŋ āĻĢā§āĻ˛?"
67:23
It’s far away.
1325
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1040
āĻāĻŸāĻž āĻ…āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ• āĻĻā§‚āĻ°.
67:25
The answer is, “Yes, it is”.
1326
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āĻ‰āĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻ° āĻšāĻ˛, "āĻšā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ, āĻāĻŸāĻž"āĨ¤
67:29
Okay, but how about this?
1327
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2240
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡, āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§ āĻāĻ‡ āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ•ā§‡ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ­āĻžāĻŦā§‡?
67:31
“This isn’t a flower.” So...
1328
4051920
2400
"āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻĢā§āĻ˛ āĻ¨āĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤" āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡...
67:35
“Is this a flower?”.
1329
4055120
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"āĻāĻŸāĻž āĻ•āĻŋ āĻĢā§āĻ˛?"
67:37
The answer is, “No, it isn’t”.
1330
4057760
10000
āĻ‰āĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻ° āĻšāĻ˛, "āĻ¨āĻž, āĻāĻŸāĻž āĻ¨āĻ¯āĻŧ"āĨ¤
67:50
“Is that a flower?”
1331
4070400
7440
"āĻāĻŸāĻž āĻ•āĻŋ āĻĢā§āĻ˛?"
67:58
“No, it isn’t.”
1332
4078720
1280
"āĻ¨āĻž, āĻāĻŸāĻž āĻ¨āĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤"
68:00
Okay, here.
1333
4080000
2000
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡, āĻāĻ–āĻžāĻ¨ā§‡.
68:02
“Is this a marker?”.
1334
4082000
1320
"āĻāĻŸāĻž āĻ•āĻŋ āĻŽāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ•āĻžāĻ°?"
68:03
“Yes, it is.”
1335
4083320
2640
"āĻšā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ, āĻāĻŸāĻžāĨ¤"
68:07
“Is that a marker?”.
1336
4087760
1061
"āĻāĻŸāĻž āĻ•āĻŋ āĻŽāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ•āĻžāĻ°?"
68:08
“Yes, it is.”
1337
4088821
33
68:08
“Is this a pencil?”.
1338
4088854
985
"āĻšā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ, āĻāĻŸāĻžāĨ¤" "āĻāĻŸāĻž āĻ•āĻŋ āĻĒā§‡āĻ¨ā§āĻ¸āĻŋāĻ˛?"
68:10
“No, it isn’t.”
1339
4090400
1289
"āĻ¨āĻž, āĻāĻŸāĻž āĻ¨āĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤"
68:11
“Is that a pencil?”.
1340
4091689
24
68:11
“No, it isn’t.”
1341
4091713
1087
"āĻāĻŸāĻž āĻ•āĻŋ āĻĒā§‡āĻ¨ā§āĻ¸āĻŋāĻ˛?" "āĻ¨āĻž, āĻāĻŸāĻž āĻ¨āĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤"
68:12
Okay, so we learned ‘this’  and ‘that’ in this video.
1342
4092800
4400
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡, āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻāĻ‡ āĻ­āĻŋāĻĄāĻŋāĻ“āĻ¤ā§‡ 'āĻāĻ‡' āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ 'āĻ“āĻŸāĻž' āĻļāĻŋāĻ–ā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāĨ¤
68:17
I hope you guys understand and  I’ll see you in the next video.
1343
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ†āĻļāĻž āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻŦā§āĻāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒā§‡āĻ°ā§‡āĻ›ā§‡āĻ¨ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ•ā§‡ āĻĒāĻ°āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§€ āĻ­āĻŋāĻĄāĻŋāĻ“āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻŦāĨ¤
68:20
Bye.
1344
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āĻŦāĻŋāĻĻāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤
68:30
Hi, everybody and welcome to this video.
1345
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āĻšāĻžāĻ‡, āĻ¸āĻŦāĻžāĻ‡ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻāĻ‡ āĻ­āĻŋāĻĄāĻŋāĻ“āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ—āĻ¤āĻŽāĨ¤
68:33
We’re going to talk about how  to use ‘these’ and ‘those’.
1346
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ•ā§€āĻ­āĻžāĻŦā§‡ 'āĻāĻ‡' āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ 'āĻ“āĻ‡āĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋ' āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻŦ āĻ¸ā§‡ āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ•ā§‡ āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻšā§āĻ›āĻŋāĨ¤
68:38
Okay.
1347
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400
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
68:39
Uhhh, just like we learned with ‘this’ and ‘that’,
1348
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āĻ‰āĻšāĻš, āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ¯ā§‡āĻŽāĻ¨ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž 'āĻāĻ‡' āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ 'āĻ“āĻŸāĻž' āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻļāĻŋāĻ–ā§‡āĻ›āĻŋ,
68:43
we use ‘these’ and ‘those’ to talk  about nouns that are close to us
1349
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž 'āĻāĻ‡' āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ 'āĻ“āĻ‡' āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§āĻ¯āĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋ āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ•ā§‡ āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ¯āĻž āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻ•āĻžāĻ›āĻžāĻ•āĻžāĻ›āĻŋ
68:50
or far from us.
1350
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āĻŦāĻž āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻĨā§‡āĻ•ā§‡ āĻĻā§‚āĻ°ā§‡āĨ¤
68:52
Okay.
1351
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
68:53
So, let’s take a look at the board.
1352
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āĻ¸ā§āĻ¤āĻ°āĻžāĻ‚, āĻāĻ° āĻŦā§‹āĻ°ā§āĻĄ āĻ•āĻŸāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻĒāĻžāĻ¤ āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•.
68:56
Now, we know if there is just one,
1353
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āĻāĻ–āĻ¨, āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻœāĻžāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ¯āĻĻāĻŋ āĻļā§āĻ§ā§āĻŽāĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻ° āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•ā§‡,
68:59
and it’s close to us,
1354
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āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻ•āĻžāĻ›āĻžāĻ•āĻžāĻ›āĻŋ,
69:01
we say, “This is a flower”.
1355
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻŦāĻ˛āĻŋ, "āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻĢā§āĻ˛"āĨ¤
69:04
Okay.
1356
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
69:05
But there’s more than one.
1357
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āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§ āĻāĻ•āĻžāĻ§āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
69:07
It’s plural.
1358
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āĻāĻŸāĻž āĻŦāĻšā§āĻŦāĻšāĻ¨āĨ¤
69:08
So we have to say, “These”.
1359
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āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻŦā§‡, "āĻāĻ‡āĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋ"āĨ¤
69:11
“These are flowers.”
1360
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"āĻāĻ—ā§āĻ˛ā§‹ āĻĢā§āĻ˛āĨ¤"
69:14
Again, more than one.
1361
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āĻ†āĻŦāĻžāĻ°, āĻāĻ•āĻžāĻ§āĻŋāĻ•āĨ¤
69:17
Now, I change the ‘be’ verb to ‘are’
1362
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āĻāĻ–āĻ¨, āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ 'be' āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻŸāĻŋāĻ•ā§‡ 'are' āĻ āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤āĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĻ›āĻŋ
69:21
and I added an ‘s’ at the end of ‘flower’.
1363
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āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ 'āĻĢā§āĻ˛'-āĻāĻ° āĻļā§‡āĻˇā§‡ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ 's' āĻ¯ā§‹āĻ— āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāĨ¤
69:25
So, “These are flowers.”
1364
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āĻ¸ā§āĻ¤āĻ°āĻžāĻ‚, "āĻāĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋ āĻĢā§āĻ˛āĨ¤"
69:29
Okay.
1365
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
69:30
Now, there’s one that’s far away.
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āĻāĻ–āĻ¨, āĻ…āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ• āĻĻā§‚āĻ°ā§‡ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
69:33
We say, “That is a flower.”
1367
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻŦāĻ˛āĻŋ, "āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻĢā§āĻ˛āĨ¤"
69:37
But, again, there’s more than one.
1368
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āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§, āĻ†āĻŦāĻžāĻ°, āĻāĻ•āĻžāĻ§āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
69:39
There are two flowers.
1369
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āĻĻā§āĻŸāĻŋ āĻĢā§āĻ˛ āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤
69:41
So, in that case, we use, “Those are flowers.”
1370
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āĻ¸ā§āĻ¤āĻ°āĻžāĻ‚, āĻ¸ā§‡āĻ‡ āĻ•ā§āĻˇā§‡āĻ¤ā§āĻ°ā§‡, āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋ, "āĻāĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋ āĻĢā§āĻ˛āĨ¤"
69:47
“Those are flowers.”
1371
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"āĻāĻ—ā§āĻ˛ā§‹ āĻĢā§āĻ˛āĨ¤"
69:49
They’re far away.
1372
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āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻ…āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ• āĻĻā§‚āĻ°ā§‡āĨ¤
69:51
“Those are flowers.”
1373
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"āĻāĻ—ā§āĻ˛ā§‹ āĻĢā§āĻ˛āĨ¤"
69:53
Let’s look at these.
1374
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āĻšāĻ˛ā§āĻ¨ āĻāĻ—ā§āĻ˛ā§‹ āĻĻā§‡āĻ–ā§‡ āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•āĨ¤
69:55
“This is a marker.”
1375
4195840
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"āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŽāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ•āĻžāĻ°āĨ¤"
69:59
“These are markers.”
1376
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"āĻāĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋ āĻšāĻŋāĻšā§āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¤āĻ•āĻžāĻ°ā§€āĨ¤"
70:03
“That is a marker.”
1377
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"āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŽāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ•āĻžāĻ°āĨ¤"
70:07
“Those are markers.”
1378
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"āĻāĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋ āĻšāĻŋāĻšā§āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¤āĻ•āĻžāĻ°ā§€āĨ¤"
70:10
Okay.
1379
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
70:11
Let’s move on to the next part.
1380
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āĻāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°ā§‡āĻ° āĻ…āĻ‚āĻļā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•āĨ¤
70:14
So we know “These are flowers”.
1381
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āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻœāĻžāĻ¨āĻŋ "āĻāĻ—ā§āĻ˛ā§‹ āĻĢā§āĻ˛"āĨ¤
70:17
They’re close by.
1382
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āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻ•āĻžāĻ›āĻžāĻ•āĻžāĻ›āĻŋ āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
70:19
And for the flowers that are far away, we say,
1383
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āĻ†āĻ° āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻĢā§āĻ˛āĻ—ā§āĻ˛ā§‹ āĻĻā§‚āĻ°ā§‡ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•ā§‡ āĻ¤āĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻŦāĻ˛āĻŋ,
70:23
“Those are flowers”.
1384
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“āĻ“āĻ—ā§āĻ˛ā§‹ āĻĢā§āĻ˛â€āĨ¤
70:25
Okay.
1385
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400
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
70:26
But over here we have ‘chairs’.
1386
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āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§ āĻāĻ–āĻžāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° 'āĻšā§‡āĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ°' āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤
70:29
So, we have to use the negative.
1387
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āĻ¸ā§āĻ¤āĻ°āĻžāĻ‚, āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ¤āĻŋāĻŦāĻžāĻšāĻ• āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻŦā§‡āĨ¤
70:33
Okay.
1388
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640
70:33
We use the contraction ‘aren’t’
1389
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž ' aren't' āĻ¸āĻ‚āĻ•ā§‹āĻšāĻ¨ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋ
70:36
which is short for ‘are not’.
1390
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āĻ¯āĻž 'are not'-āĻāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ¸āĻ‚āĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻŋāĻĒā§āĻ¤āĨ¤
70:40
“These aren’t flowers.”
1391
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2160
"āĻāĻ—ā§āĻ˛ā§‹ āĻĢā§āĻ˛ āĻ¨āĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤"
70:43
“These aren’t flowers.
1392
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“āĻāĻ—ā§āĻ˛ā§‹ āĻĢā§āĻ˛ āĻ¨āĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤
70:47
Okay, and for the chairs that are far away,
1393
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡, āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻĻā§‚āĻ°ā§‡ āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻšā§‡āĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ°āĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯,
70:50
we say, “Those aren’t flowers”.
1394
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻŦāĻ˛āĻŋ, "āĻāĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋ āĻĢā§āĻ˛ āĻ¨āĻ¯āĻŧ"āĨ¤
70:57
“Those aren’t flowers.”
1395
4257040
720
70:57
Okay, and let’s try with the markers.
1396
4257760
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"āĻāĻ—ā§āĻ˛ā§‹ āĻĢā§āĻ˛ āĻ¨āĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤"
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡, āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻāĻ° āĻŽāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ•āĻžāĻ° āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻšā§‡āĻˇā§āĻŸāĻž āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•.
71:01
“These aren’t pens.”
1397
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"āĻāĻ—ā§āĻ˛ā§‹ āĻ•āĻ˛āĻŽ āĻ¨āĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤"
71:06
“These aren’t pens.”
1398
4266800
880
"āĻāĻ—ā§āĻ˛ā§‹ āĻ•āĻ˛āĻŽ āĻ¨āĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤"
71:07
Okay, and far away.
1399
4267680
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡, āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ• āĻĻā§‚āĻ°ā§‡āĨ¤
71:09
“Those aren’t pens.”
1400
4269680
4800
"āĻāĻ—ā§āĻ˛ā§‹ āĻ•āĻ˛āĻŽ āĻ¨āĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤"
71:14
“Those aren’t pens.”
1401
4274480
1120
"āĻāĻ—ā§āĻ˛ā§‹ āĻ•āĻ˛āĻŽ āĻ¨āĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤"
71:15
Okay, let’s move on to the next part.
1402
4275600
2000
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡, āĻāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§€ āĻ…āĻ‚āĻļā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•āĨ¤
71:18
Okay, now we’re going to make some questions.
1403
4278200
3400
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡, āĻāĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ•āĻŋāĻ›ā§ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻļā§āĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻšā§āĻ›āĻŋāĨ¤
71:22
We know, “These are flowers”.
1404
4282400
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻœāĻžāĻ¨āĻŋ, "āĻāĻ—ā§āĻ˛ā§‹ āĻĢā§āĻ˛"āĨ¤
71:26
When you want to make a  question, you have to change
1405
4286240
3440
āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ¯āĻ–āĻ¨ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻļā§āĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻžāĻ¨, āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ•ā§‡
71:29
‘these are’ and put the ‘be’ verb first.
1406
4289680
3520
'āĻāĻ—ā§āĻ˛ā§‹' āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤āĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻŦā§‡ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽā§‡ 'āĻšāĻŦā§‡' āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻŸāĻŋ āĻ°āĻžāĻ–āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻŦā§‡āĨ¤
71:33
So, it becomes, “Are these flowers?”.
1407
4293200
3120
āĻ¸ā§āĻ¤āĻ°āĻžāĻ‚, āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ, "āĻāĻ‡ āĻĢā§āĻ˛āĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋ?"
71:37
“Are these flowers?”
1408
4297760
1840
"āĻāĻ—ā§āĻ˛ā§‹ āĻ•āĻŋ āĻĢā§āĻ˛?"
71:39
And the answer is “Yes, they are.”
1409
4299600
2880
āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ‰āĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻ° āĻšāĻ˛ "āĻšā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ, āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻžāĨ¤"
71:43
Okay, now the flowers are far away.
1410
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡, āĻāĻ–āĻ¨ āĻĢā§āĻ˛ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ• āĻĻā§‚āĻ°ā§‡āĨ¤
71:46
So we say, “Are those flowers?”.
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āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻŦāĻ˛āĻŋ, "āĻ“āĻ‡ āĻĢā§āĻ˛āĻ—ā§āĻ˛ā§‹?"
71:49
“Are those flowers?”
1412
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1920
"āĻāĻ—ā§āĻ˛ā§‹ āĻ•āĻŋ āĻĢā§āĻ˛?"
71:51
And again, the answer is “Yes, they are.”
1413
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āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ†āĻŦāĻžāĻ°, āĻ‰āĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻ° āĻšāĻ˛ "āĻšā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ, āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻžāĨ¤"
71:56
Okay. Now here, we have chairs.
1414
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡. āĻāĻ–āĻ¨ āĻāĻ–āĻžāĻ¨ā§‡, āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻšā§‡āĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ° āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
71:59
“Are these flowers?”
1415
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"āĻāĻ—ā§āĻ˛ā§‹ āĻ•āĻŋ āĻĢā§āĻ˛?"
72:02
The answer is “No, they aren’t.”
1416
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āĻ‰āĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻ° āĻšāĻ˛ "āĻ¨āĻž, āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻ¨āĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤"
72:06
Okay, now they’re far away.
1417
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2000
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡, āĻāĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻ…āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ• āĻĻā§‚āĻ°ā§‡āĨ¤
72:09
“Are those flowers?”
1418
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1600
"āĻāĻ—ā§āĻ˛ā§‹ āĻ•āĻŋ āĻĢā§āĻ˛?"
72:11
And again, the answer is “No, they aren’t.”
1419
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āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ†āĻŦāĻžāĻ°, āĻ‰āĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻ° āĻšāĻ˛ "āĻ¨āĻž, āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻ¨āĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤"
72:16
How about these? “Are these markers?”
1420
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āĻāĻ—ā§āĻ˛ā§‹ āĻ•ā§‡āĻŽāĻ¨? "āĻāĻ—ā§āĻ˛ā§‹ āĻ•āĻŋ āĻŽāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ•āĻžāĻ°?"
72:20
“Yes, they are.”
1421
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"āĻšā§āĻ¯āĻž āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž."
72:21
“Are those markers?”
1422
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"āĻ¸ā§‡āĻ—ā§āĻ˛ā§‹ āĻ•āĻŋ āĻŽāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ•āĻžāĻ°?"
72:25
“Yes, they are.”
1423
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"āĻšā§āĻ¯āĻž āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž."
72:26
“Are these pens?”
1424
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"āĻāĻ—ā§āĻ˛ā§‹ āĻ•āĻŋ āĻ•āĻ˛āĻŽ?"
72:31
“No, they aren’t.”
1425
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"āĻ¨āĻž, āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻ¨āĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤"
72:38
“Are those pens?”
1426
4358292
21
72:38
“No, they aren’t.”
1427
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"āĻāĻ—ā§āĻ˛ā§‹ āĻ•āĻŋ āĻ•āĻ˛āĻŽ?" "āĻ¨āĻž, āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻ¨āĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤"
72:39
Okay, so in this video, we learned  how to use ‘these’ and ‘those’.
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡, āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻāĻ‡ āĻ­āĻŋāĻĄāĻŋāĻ“āĻ¤ā§‡, āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻļāĻŋāĻ–ā§‡āĻ›āĻŋ āĻ•ā§€āĻ­āĻžāĻŦā§‡ 'āĻāĻ‡' āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ 'āĻ“āĻ¸āĻŦ' āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤
72:44
I hope you guys understand and I’ll see you in the next video.
1429
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ†āĻļāĻž āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻŦā§āĻāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒā§‡āĻ°ā§‡āĻ›ā§‡āĻ¨ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ•ā§‡ āĻĒāĻ°āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§€ āĻ­āĻŋāĻĄāĻŋāĻ“āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻŦāĨ¤
72:48
Bye.
1430
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āĻŦāĻŋāĻĻāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤
72:58
Let’s do some practice with ‘this’, ‘that’,  
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āĻ†āĻ¸ā§āĻ¨ 'āĻāĻ‡', 'āĻ¸ā§‡āĻŸāĻž',
73:01
‘these’, and ‘those’. First, I have this pen.
1432
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'āĻāĻ‡āĻ¸', āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ 'āĻ“āĻ¸āĻŦ' āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ›ā§ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻļā§€āĻ˛āĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋāĨ¤ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽāĻ¤, āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻžāĻ›ā§‡ āĻāĻ‡ āĻ•āĻ˛āĻŽ āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤
73:07
I have to say, “This is a pen.”
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ•ā§‡ āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻŦā§‡, "āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ•āĻ˛āĻŽāĨ¤"
73:10
“This is a pen.”
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"āĻāĻŸāĻž āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻž āĻ•āĻ˛āĻŽ."
73:13
Okay.
1435
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
73:15
Over there, “That is a pen.”
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āĻ¸ā§‡āĻ–āĻžāĻ¨ā§‡, "āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ•āĻ˛āĻŽāĨ¤"
73:18
“That is a pen.”
1437
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"āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ•āĻ˛āĻŽāĨ¤"
73:21
Now, I have two pens.
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āĻāĻ–āĻ¨, āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻĻā§āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ•āĻ˛āĻŽ āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤
73:24
“These are pens.”
1439
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"āĻāĻ—ā§āĻ˛ā§‹ āĻ•āĻ˛āĻŽāĨ¤"
73:27
“These are pens.”
1440
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"āĻāĻ—ā§āĻ˛ā§‹ āĻ•āĻ˛āĻŽāĨ¤"
73:30
Okay, I’m going to move them far away.
1441
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡, āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ¤āĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻ…āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ• āĻĻā§‚āĻ°ā§‡ āĻ¸āĻ°āĻžāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻšā§āĻ›āĻŋāĨ¤
73:33
“Those are pens.”
1442
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"āĻāĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋ āĻ•āĻ˛āĻŽāĨ¤"
73:35
“Those are pens.”
1443
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"āĻāĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋ āĻ•āĻ˛āĻŽāĨ¤"
73:38
Okay, let’s move on to questions.
1444
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡, āĻ†āĻ¸ā§āĻ¨ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻļā§āĻ¨āĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻāĻ—āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ‡āĨ¤
73:42
I have one pen.
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻž āĻ•āĻ˛āĻŽ āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤
73:45
“Is this a pen?”
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"āĻāĻŸāĻž āĻ•āĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻž āĻ•āĻ˛āĻŽ?"
73:51
“Yes, it is.”
1447
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"āĻšā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ, āĻāĻŸāĻžāĨ¤"
73:54
“Is this a cookie?”
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"āĻāĻŸāĻž āĻ•āĻŋ āĻ•ā§āĻ•āĻŋ?"
74:03
“No, it isn’t.”
1449
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"āĻ¨āĻž, āĻāĻŸāĻž āĻ¨āĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤"
74:04
“Is that a pen?”
1450
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20
74:04
“Yes, it is.”
1451
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"āĻāĻŸāĻž āĻ•āĻŋ āĻ•āĻ˛āĻŽ?" "āĻšā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ, āĻāĻŸāĻžāĨ¤"
74:05
“Is that a cookie?”
1452
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74:05
“No, it isn’t.”
1453
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"āĻāĻŸāĻž āĻ•āĻŋ āĻ•ā§āĻ•āĻŋ?"
"āĻ¨āĻž, āĻāĻŸāĻž āĻ¨āĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤"
74:06
Okay, two pens.
1454
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡, āĻĻā§āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ•āĻ˛āĻŽāĨ¤
74:08
“Are these pens?”
1455
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"āĻāĻ—ā§āĻ˛ā§‹ āĻ•āĻŋ āĻ•āĻ˛āĻŽ?"
74:11
“Yes, they are.”
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"āĻšā§āĻ¯āĻž āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž."
74:13
“Are these cookies?”
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"āĻāĻ—ā§āĻ˛ā§‹ āĻ•āĻŋ āĻ•ā§āĻ•āĻŋāĻœ?"
74:16
“No, they aren’t.”
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"āĻ¨āĻž, āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻ¨āĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤"
74:19
Okay, now they’re over here.
1459
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡, āĻāĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻāĻ–āĻžāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
74:22
“Are those pens?”
1460
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"āĻāĻ—ā§āĻ˛ā§‹ āĻ•āĻŋ āĻ•āĻ˛āĻŽ?"
74:24
Yes, they are?”
1461
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āĻšā§āĻ¯āĻž āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž?"
74:26
“Are those cookies?”
1462
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"āĻāĻ—ā§āĻ˛ā§‹ āĻ•āĻŋ āĻ•ā§āĻ•āĻŋāĻœ?"
74:29
“No, they aren’t.”
1463
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"āĻ¨āĻž, āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻ¨āĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤"
74:31
Okay, so that was our practice
1464
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡, āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡
74:33
for ‘this’, ‘that’, ‘these’, and ‘those’.
1465
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'āĻāĻ‡', 'āĻ¸ā§‡āĻŸāĻž', 'āĻāĻ‡', āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ 'āĻ“āĻ¸āĻŦ'-āĻāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻļā§€āĻ˛āĻ¨ āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛āĨ¤
74:36
I hope you guys understood and  I’ll see you in the next video.
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ†āĻļāĻž āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻŦā§āĻāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒā§‡āĻ°ā§‡āĻ›ā§‡āĻ¨ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ•ā§‡ āĻĒāĻ°āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§€ āĻ­āĻŋāĻĄāĻŋāĻ“āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻŦāĨ¤
74:40
Bye.
1467
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āĻŦāĻŋāĻĻāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤
74:50
Hi, everybody.
1468
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āĻ¸āĻŦāĻžāĻ‡ āĻ•ā§‡āĻŽāĻ¨ āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡āĻ¨.
74:52
In this video, we’re going to  learn about possessive adjectives.
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āĻāĻ‡ āĻ­āĻŋāĻĄāĻŋāĻ“āĻ¤ā§‡, āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ…āĻ§āĻŋāĻ•āĻžāĻ°ā§€ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇāĻŖ āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ•ā§‡ āĻļāĻŋāĻ–āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻšā§āĻ›āĻŋāĨ¤
74:56
We use possessive adjectives to show that something belongs to me,
1470
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āĻ•āĻŋāĻ›ā§ āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ°, āĻŦāĻž āĻ•āĻŋāĻ›ā§ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ•āĻžāĻ°ā§‹āĻ°
75:02
or something belongs to someone else.
1471
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āĻ¤āĻž āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻžāĻ¨ā§‹āĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ…āĻ§āĻŋāĻ•āĻžāĻ°ā§€ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇāĻŖ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋ
75:05
I own something or someone owns something.
1472
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āĨ¤ āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ›ā§āĻ° āĻŽāĻžāĻ˛āĻŋāĻ• āĻŦāĻž āĻ•ā§‡āĻ‰ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ›ā§āĻ° āĻŽāĻžāĻ˛āĻŋāĻ•āĨ¤
75:09
Okay.
1473
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
75:10
So let’s take a look at the board.
1474
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āĻ¤ā§‹ āĻšāĻ˛ā§āĻ¨ āĻŦā§‹āĻ°ā§āĻĄ āĻĻā§‡āĻ–ā§‡ āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•āĨ¤
75:12
Now last time we learned about subjective pronouns
1475
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āĻāĻ–āĻ¨ āĻļā§‡āĻˇāĻŦāĻžāĻ° āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇāĻ¯āĻŧāĻ—āĻ¤ āĻ¸āĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻ¨āĻžāĻŽ āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ•ā§‡ āĻļāĻŋāĻ–ā§‡āĻ›āĻŋ
75:16
and here they are.
1476
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āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻāĻ–āĻžāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ¸ā§‡āĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋ āĻ°āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤
75:18
‘I’, ‘he’, ‘she’, ‘it’, ‘you’, ‘we’, ‘they’.
1477
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'āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ', 'āĻ¸ā§‡', 'āĻ¸ā§‡', 'āĻāĻŸāĻŋ', 'āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ', 'āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž', 'āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž'āĨ¤
75:24
And here are the possessive adjectives.
1478
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āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻāĻ–āĻžāĻ¨ā§‡ possessive adjectives āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤
75:28
Okay.
1479
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720
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
75:29
‘My’.
1480
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240
'āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ°'.
75:30
We use ‘my’ to show that something belongs to me.
1481
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āĻ•āĻŋāĻ›ā§ āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡ āĻ¤āĻž āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻžāĻ¨ā§‹āĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž 'āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ°' āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋāĨ¤
75:34
Okay.
1482
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
75:35
‘His’.
1483
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400
'āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°'āĨ¤
75:36
This means that something belongs to one man or one boy.
1484
4536960
4400
āĻāĻ° āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻšāĻ˛ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ›ā§ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻž āĻĒā§āĻ°ā§āĻˇ āĻŦāĻž āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻž āĻ›ā§‡āĻ˛ā§‡āĻ°āĨ¤
75:42
‘Her’.
1485
4542800
320
'āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°'āĨ¤
75:43
We use that to show something belongs to one woman or one girl.
1486
4543840
5440
āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ›ā§ āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻžāĻ¨ā§‹āĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ¯āĻž āĻāĻ•āĻœāĻ¨ āĻŽāĻšāĻŋāĻ˛āĻž āĻŦāĻž āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŽā§‡āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ°āĨ¤
75:51
‘Its’.
1487
4551040
800
'āĻāĻ°'āĨ¤
75:52
We use ‘its’ to show that something belongs to an animal.
1488
4552560
4640
āĻ•āĻŋāĻ›ā§ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻž āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻžāĻŖā§€āĻ° āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻ°ā§āĻ—āĻ¤ āĻ¤āĻž āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻžāĻ¨ā§‹āĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž 'āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°' āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋāĨ¤
75:58
We use ‘your’ to show that  something belongs to you.
1489
4558960
4080
āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž 'āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ°' āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋ āĻ¤āĻž āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻžāĻ¨ā§‹āĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ›ā§ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ°āĨ¤
76:03
Okay.
1490
4563600
480
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
76:05
‘Our’.
1491
4565200
560
'āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ°'āĨ¤
76:06
‘Our’ means that something belongs to me and you or me and somebody else.
1492
4566960
6560
'āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ°' āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĨ āĻšāĻ˛ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ›ā§ āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻŦāĻž āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ•āĻžāĻ°ā§‹āĨ¤
76:13
Okay, or me and other people.
1493
4573520
2400
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡, āĻŦāĻž āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻˇ.
76:16
Okay, and last.
1494
4576640
1600
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡, āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻļā§‡āĻˇ.
76:18
We use ‘their’ to show that something belongs to many people.
1495
4578240
4800
āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž 'āĻ¤āĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ°' āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋ āĻāĻŸāĻž āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻžāĻ¨ā§‹āĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ›ā§ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ• āĻ˛ā§‹āĻ•ā§‡āĻ°āĨ¤
76:23
Okay, not me, but many people.
1496
4583040
2320
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡, āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ¨āĻž, āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ• āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻˇ.
76:26
Okay, now I want you to pay  attention to three special words.
1497
4586240
4720
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡, āĻāĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ•ā§‡ āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¨āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¤āĻŋ āĻŽāĻ¨ā§‹āĻ¯ā§‹āĻ— āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻžāĻ‡āĨ¤
76:31
‘Its’, ‘your’ and ‘their’.
1498
4591520
1920
'āĻāĻŸāĻž', 'āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ°' āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ 'āĻ¤āĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ°'āĨ¤
76:34
Now I want you to notice these words sound like other words.
1499
4594160
4640
āĻāĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻšāĻžāĻ‡ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻāĻ‡ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻāĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋ āĻ˛āĻ•ā§āĻˇā§āĻ¯ āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻ¨ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻŽāĻ¤ā§‹ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻāĨ¤
76:38
So you have to be careful  not to get them confused.
1500
4598800
3680
āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻ¤āĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻŦāĻŋāĻ­ā§āĻ°āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ āĻ¨āĻž āĻšāĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ•ā§‡ āĻ¸āĻ¤āĻ°ā§āĻ• āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻŦā§‡āĨ¤
76:42
And I’m going to explain.
1501
4602480
1520
āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ–ā§āĻ¯āĻž āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻšā§āĻ›āĻŋ.
76:45
‘Its’ sounds like the contraction for ‘it is’; ‘it’s’.
1502
4605120
5280
'āĻāĻŸāĻŋ' āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻāĻŸāĻŋ 'āĻāĻŸāĻŋ'-āĻāĻ° āĻ¸āĻ‚āĻ•ā§‹āĻšāĻ¨ā§‡āĻ° āĻŽāĻ¤ā§‹; 'āĻāĻŸāĻž'āĨ¤
76:51
Okay, so, don’t get that confused.
1503
4611120
2320
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡, āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡, āĻŦāĻŋāĻ­ā§āĻ°āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ āĻšāĻŦā§‡āĻ¨ āĻ¨āĻžāĨ¤
76:54
‘Your’ sounds like the contraction for ‘you are’ ‘you’re’.
1504
4614320
6320
'āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ°' āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻāĻŸāĻŋ 'āĻ¤ā§āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ†āĻ›ā§‹' 'āĻ¤ā§āĻŽāĻŋ'āĻ° āĻ¸āĻ‚āĻ•ā§‹āĻšāĻ¨ā§‡āĻ° āĻŽāĻ¤ā§‹āĨ¤
77:00
Okay.
1505
4620640
720
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
77:01
So make sure you use this one to show possession.
1506
4621360
4160
āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻļā§āĻšāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻ¨ āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻĻāĻ–āĻ˛ āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻžāĻ¨ā§‹āĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻ›ā§‡āĻ¨āĨ¤
77:05
Okay.
1507
4625520
720
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
77:06
And the last word, ‘their’, it actually sounds like two other words.
1508
4626240
5040
āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻļā§‡āĻˇ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ, 'āĻ¤āĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ°', āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻ†āĻ¸āĻ˛ā§‡ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻĻā§āĻŸāĻŋ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻŽāĻ¤ā§‹ āĻļā§‹āĻ¨āĻžāĻšā§āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤
77:12
The contraction for ‘they are’ ‘they’re’
1509
4632080
3040
'āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž' āĻāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ¸āĻ‚āĻ•ā§‹āĻšāĻ¨ 'āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž'
77:15
or the word t-h-e-r-e, the  other word ‘there’. Okay.
1510
4635680
6080
āĻŦāĻž āĻ¸ā§‡āĻ–āĻžāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ, āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ 'āĻ¸ā§‡āĻ–āĻžāĻ¨ā§‡'āĨ¤ āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
77:21
So please don’t get those confused.
1511
4641760
2480
āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻĻāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡ āĻ“āĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻŦāĻŋāĻ­ā§āĻ°āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ āĻ•āĻ°āĻŦā§‡āĻ¨ āĻ¨āĻžāĨ¤
77:25
Now I know all of this sounds very hard,
1512
4645200
2800
āĻāĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻœāĻžāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻāĻ‡ āĻ¸āĻŦ āĻ–ā§āĻŦ āĻ•āĻ āĻŋāĻ¨ āĻļā§‹āĻ¨āĻžāĻšā§āĻ›ā§‡,
77:28
but if you practice with me,  I’m sure you’ll understand.
1513
4648000
3280
āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ¯āĻĻāĻŋ āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻ¸āĻžāĻĨā§‡ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻļā§€āĻ˛āĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĻ¨, āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻļā§āĻšāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻŦā§āĻāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°āĻŦā§‡āĻ¨āĨ¤
77:31
So let’s move on to the next part.
1514
4651280
1920
āĻ¤ā§‹ āĻšāĻ˛ā§āĻ¨ āĻĒāĻ°āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§€ āĻ…āĻ‚āĻļā§‡ āĻšāĻ˛ā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ‡āĨ¤
77:34
Okay, let’s practice together.
1515
4654880
2560
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡, āĻ†āĻ¸ā§āĻ¨ āĻāĻ•āĻ¸āĻžāĻĨā§‡ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻļā§€āĻ˛āĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋāĨ¤
77:37
Now, here I have a marker.
1516
4657440
2640
āĻāĻ–āĻ¨, āĻāĻ–āĻžāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŽāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ•āĻžāĻ° āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
77:40
It belongs to me.
1517
4660080
1120
āĻāĻŸāĻž āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ°.
77:41
So, I have to say, “This is my marker.”
1518
4661920
4000
āĻ¸ā§āĻ¤āĻ°āĻžāĻ‚, āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ•ā§‡ āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻŦā§‡, "āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻŽāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ•āĻžāĻ°āĨ¤"
77:46
“This isn’t your marker.”
1519
4666800
2720
"āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ° āĻŽāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ•āĻžāĻ° āĻ¨āĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤"
77:49
“This is my marker.”
1520
4669520
1760
"āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻŽāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ•āĻžāĻ°āĨ¤"
77:52
Okay, let’s look at this boy.
1521
4672160
2400
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡, āĻāĻ‡ āĻ›ā§‡āĻ˛ā§‡āĻŸāĻŋāĻ•ā§‡ āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻŋāĨ¤
77:55
He has a hat.
1522
4675200
1360
āĻ¤āĻžāĻ° āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻž āĻŸā§āĻĒāĻŋ āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤
77:57
So, I have to say, “This is his hat.”
1523
4677360
3440
āĻ¸ā§āĻ¤āĻ°āĻžāĻ‚, āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ•ā§‡ āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻŦā§‡, "āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ° āĻŸā§āĻĒāĻŋāĨ¤"
78:01
“This is his hat.”
1524
4681760
1440
"āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ° āĻŸā§āĻĒāĻŋāĨ¤"
78:03
“This isn’t my hat.”
1525
4683920
1760
"āĻāĻŸāĻž āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻŸā§āĻĒāĻŋ āĻ¨āĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤"
78:06
“This isn’t your hat.”
1526
4686240
1680
"āĻāĻŸāĻž āĻ¤ā§‹āĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻŸā§āĻĒāĻŋ āĻ¨āĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤"
78:09
Okay.
1527
4689280
800
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
78:10
And this girl has a dress.
1528
4690080
1760
āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻāĻ‡ āĻŽā§‡āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻĒā§‹āĻļāĻžāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
78:12
So, “This is her dress.”
1529
4692480
2320
āĻ¸ā§āĻ¤āĻ°āĻžāĻ‚, "āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ° āĻĒā§‹āĻļāĻžāĻ•āĨ¤"
78:15
“This is her dress.”
1530
4695440
1440
"āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ° āĻĒā§‹āĻļāĻžāĻ•āĨ¤"
78:17
“This isn’t my dress.”
1531
4697520
2080
"āĻāĻŸāĻž āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻĒā§‹āĻļāĻžāĻ• āĻ¨āĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤"
78:19
“This isn’t your dress.”
1532
4699600
1760
"āĻāĻŸāĻž āĻ¤ā§‹āĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻĒā§‹āĻļāĻžāĻ• āĻ¨āĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤"
78:23
Okay, in this picture there’s an animal; a dogâ€Ļand it has a ball.
1533
4703040
5520
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡, āĻāĻ‡ āĻ›āĻŦāĻŋāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻžāĻŖā§€ āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡; āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ•ā§āĻ•ā§āĻ°...āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻāĻ° āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻ˛ āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤
78:29
I have to say, “This is its ball.”
1534
4709680
3360
āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ•ā§‡ āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻŦā§‡, "āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ° āĻŦāĻ˛āĨ¤"
78:34
“This is its ball.”
1535
4714080
2080
"āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ° āĻŦāĻ˛āĨ¤"
78:37
“This isn’t my ball.”
1536
4717120
2000
"āĻāĻŸāĻž āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻŦāĻ˛ āĻ¨āĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤"
78:39
and “This isn’t your ball.”
1537
4719680
1920
āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ "āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ° āĻŦāĻ˛ āĻ¨āĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤"
78:42
Now, in this picture, we have two people.
1538
4722960
3360
āĻāĻ–āĻ¨, āĻāĻ‡ āĻ›āĻŦāĻŋāĻ¤ā§‡, āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻĻā§āĻœāĻ¨ āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻˇāĨ¤
78:46
Okay, and they both own this house.
1539
4726320
2560
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡, āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻĻā§āĻœāĻ¨ā§‡āĻ‡ āĻāĻ‡ āĻŦāĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋāĻ° āĻŽāĻžāĻ˛āĻŋāĻ•āĨ¤
78:49
So, “This is their house.”
1540
4729600
2720
āĻ¸ā§āĻ¤āĻ°āĻžāĻ‚, "āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¤āĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻŦāĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋāĨ¤"
78:53
“This is their house.”
1541
4733360
1840
"āĻāĻŸāĻž āĻ¤āĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻŦāĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋāĨ¤"
78:56
Okay, now a little bit farther away, we have three books.
1542
4736400
5520
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡, āĻāĻ–āĻ¨ āĻāĻ•āĻŸā§ āĻĻā§‚āĻ°ā§‡, āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¨āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻ‡ āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤
79:01
Okay.
1543
4741920
880
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
79:02
And this boy and girl have the books here.
1544
4742800
3840
āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻāĻ‡ āĻ›ā§‡āĻ˛ā§‡ āĻŽā§‡āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻāĻ–āĻžāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻŦāĻ‡ āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
79:07
So, we have to say “those”.
1545
4747280
1520
āĻ¸ā§āĻ¤āĻ°āĻžāĻ‚, āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻŦā§‡ "āĻ¸ā§‡āĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋ"āĨ¤
79:09
And because we have more than one,
1546
4749440
2640
āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻāĻ•āĻžāĻ§āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡ āĻŦāĻ˛ā§‡
79:12
we have to use ‘are’.
1547
4752080
1840
āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° 'are' āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻŦā§‡āĨ¤
79:13
Okay.
1548
4753920
480
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
79:15
“Those are their books.”
1549
4755040
7520
"āĻāĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋ āĻ¤āĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻŦāĻ‡āĨ¤"
79:24
“Those are their books.”
1550
4764160
483
79:24
“Those aren’t my books.”
1551
4764643
1917
"āĻāĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋ āĻ¤āĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻŦāĻ‡āĨ¤"
"āĻāĻ—ā§āĻ˛ā§‹ āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻŦāĻ‡ āĻ¨āĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤"
79:27
“Those aren’t your books.”
1552
4767520
2160
"āĻāĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ° āĻŦāĻ‡ āĻ¨āĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤"
79:30
Okay.
1553
4770640
880
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
79:31
And the last one.
1554
4771520
1520
āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ¸āĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻļā§‡āĻˇāĻŸāĻŋ.
79:33
Here’s the county Korea.
1555
4773040
2080
āĻāĻ–āĻžāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ•āĻžāĻ‰āĻ¨ā§āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ•ā§‹āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĨ¤
79:35
Okay, we all live here.
1556
4775120
2160
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡, āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ¸āĻŦāĻžāĻ‡ āĻāĻ–āĻžāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āĻŋāĨ¤
79:37
So we say, “This is our country.”
1557
4777280
3600
āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻŦāĻ˛āĻŋ, "āĻāĻŸāĻž āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻĻā§‡āĻļāĨ¤"
79:41
“This is our country.”
1558
4781760
2080
"āĻāĻŸāĻž āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻĻā§‡āĻļāĨ¤"
79:44
Okay, let’s move on to the next  part for some more practice.
1559
4784720
5360
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡, āĻ†āĻ°āĻ“ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ›ā§ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻļā§€āĻ˛āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻĒāĻ°āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§€ āĻ…āĻ‚āĻļā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•āĨ¤
79:50
Here are some practice sentences.
1560
4790080
2400
āĻāĻ–āĻžāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ›ā§ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻļā§€āĻ˛āĻ¨ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¯ āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤
79:53
We’re going to put possessive  adjectives on these lines.
1561
4793040
4800
āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻāĻ‡ āĻ˛āĻžāĻ‡āĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ…āĻ§āĻŋāĻ•āĻžāĻ°ā§€ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇāĻŖ āĻŦāĻ¸āĻžāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻšā§āĻ›āĻŋāĨ¤
79:58
Okay.
1562
4798400
880
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
79:59
So, let’s try together.
1563
4799280
2320
āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡, āĻāĻ•āĻ¸āĻžāĻĨā§‡ āĻšā§‡āĻˇā§āĻŸāĻž āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•.
80:01
“I put candy in ____ mouth.”
1564
4801600
4400
"āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ ____ āĻŽā§āĻ–ā§‡ āĻŽāĻŋāĻ›āĻ°āĻŋ āĻ°ā§‡āĻ–ā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāĨ¤"
80:06
Okay, this is a mouth.
1565
4806000
1280
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡, āĻāĻŸāĻž āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻž āĻŽā§āĻ–āĨ¤
80:08
“I put candy in â€Ļâ€Ļ”
1566
4808000
3120
"āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻŽāĻŋāĻ›āĻ°āĻŋ āĻ°ā§‡āĻ–ā§‡āĻ›āĻŋ ......"
80:11
What should we put?
1567
4811120
960
āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻ•ā§€ āĻ°āĻžāĻ–āĻž āĻ‰āĻšāĻŋāĻ¤?
80:13
“my mouth.”
1568
4813760
880
"āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻŽā§āĻ–."
80:16
Okay, next.
1569
4816000
2000
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡, āĻĒāĻ°āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§€.
80:18
“John.”
1570
4818000
480
"āĻœāĻ¨āĨ¤"
80:19
John is one man or boy.
1571
4819280
2400
āĻœāĻ¨ āĻāĻ•āĻœāĻ¨ āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻˇ āĻŦāĻž āĻ›ā§‡āĻ˛ā§‡āĨ¤
80:22
“John lost ____ bag.”
1572
4822320
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"āĻœāĻ¨ ____ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ— āĻšāĻžāĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤"
80:25
Okay, for one man or boy, we say, “his”.
1573
4825680
4480
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡, āĻāĻ•āĻœāĻ¨ āĻĒā§āĻ°ā§āĻˇ āĻŦāĻž āĻ›ā§‡āĻ˛ā§‡āĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯, āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻŦāĻ˛āĻŋ, "āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°"āĨ¤
80:31
“John lost his bag.”
1574
4831520
2240
"āĻœāĻ¨ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ° āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ— āĻšāĻžāĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤"
80:34
Okay, “The parentsâ€Ļ”
1575
4834720
2240
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡, "āĻŦāĻžāĻŦāĻž-āĻŽāĻž..."
80:36
That’s more than one person. That’s two people.
1576
4836960
3280
āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻžāĻ§āĻŋāĻ• āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻ•ā§āĻ¤āĻŋāĨ¤ āĻ“āĻŸāĻž āĻĻā§āĻ‡ āĻœāĻ¨āĨ¤
80:40
So, “The parents love ____ baby.”
1577
4840240
3280
āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡, "āĻŦāĻžāĻŦāĻž-āĻŽāĻž ____ āĻŦāĻžāĻšā§āĻšāĻžāĻ•ā§‡ āĻ­āĻžāĻ˛ā§‹āĻŦāĻžāĻ¸ā§‡āĨ¤"
80:44
We have to putâ€Ļ
1578
4844320
1520
āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻ°āĻžāĻ–āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻŦā§‡...
80:50
“their”.
1579
4850320
400
"āĻ¤āĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ°"āĨ¤
80:51
“The parents love their baby.”
1580
4851520
3120
"āĻŦāĻžāĻŦāĻž-āĻŽāĻž āĻ¤āĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻ¸āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻžāĻ¨āĻ•ā§‡ āĻ­āĻžāĻ˛ā§‹āĻŦāĻžāĻ¸ā§‡āĨ¤"
80:55
Okay. And here, “The dogâ€Ļ”
1581
4855280
2880
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡. āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻāĻ–āĻžāĻ¨ā§‡, "āĻ•ā§āĻ•ā§āĻ°..."
80:58
Okay, ‘the dog’ is an animal.
1582
4858160
2640
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡, 'āĻ•ā§āĻ•ā§āĻ°' āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻžāĻŖā§€āĨ¤
81:00
So, “The dog eats ____ food.”
1583
4860800
3840
āĻ¸ā§āĻ¤āĻ°āĻžāĻ‚, "āĻ•ā§āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŸāĻŋ ____ āĻ–āĻžāĻŦāĻžāĻ° āĻ–āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤"
81:05
What do we put?
1584
4865440
800
āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ•āĻŋ āĻ°āĻžāĻ–āĻŦ?
81:07
We have to say, “its”.
1585
4867520
1920
āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻŦā§‡, "āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°"āĨ¤
81:10
“The dog eats its food.”
1586
4870320
2800
"āĻ•ā§āĻ•ā§āĻ° āĻ¤āĻžāĻ° āĻ–āĻžāĻŦāĻžāĻ° āĻ–āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤"
81:13
Okay, let’s look at some more examples.
1587
4873760
2480
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡, āĻ†āĻ¸ā§āĻ¨ āĻ†āĻ°āĻ“ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ›ā§ āĻ‰āĻĻāĻžāĻšāĻ°āĻŖ āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻŋāĨ¤
81:18
Let’s continue.
1588
4878320
960
āĻšāĻ˛ āĻ…āĻŦāĻŋāĻ°āĻ¤ āĻ°āĻžāĻ–āĻŋ.
81:20
“_____ names are Paul and Sam.”
1589
4880200
3560
"_____ āĻ¨āĻžāĻŽ āĻĒāĻ˛ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ¸ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻŽāĨ¤"
81:23
Okay, we have two people, Paul, and Sam.
1590
4883760
3040
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡, āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻĻā§āĻœāĻ¨ āĻ˛ā§‹āĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡, āĻĒāĻ˛ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ¸ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻŽāĨ¤
81:26
And the plural names.
1591
4886800
1840
āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻŦāĻšā§āĻŦāĻšāĻ¨ āĻ¨āĻžāĻŽ.
81:28
So we have to say, “Their”.
1592
4888640
2080
āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻŦā§‡, “āĻ¤āĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ°â€āĨ¤
81:34
“Their names are Paul and Sam.”
1593
4894480
2320
"āĻ¤āĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻ¨āĻžāĻŽ āĻĒāĻ˛ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ¸ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻŽāĨ¤"
81:37
Okay.
1594
4897920
240
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
81:38
“Can I use ____ phone?”
1595
4898960
3840
"āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ•āĻŋ ____ āĻĢā§‹āĻ¨ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°āĻŋ?"
81:42
Okay, I’m asking you.
1596
4902800
2160
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡, āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ•ā§‡ āĻœāĻŋāĻœā§āĻžāĻžāĻ¸āĻž āĻ•āĻ°āĻ›āĻŋ.
81:44
So I have to say, “Can I useâ€Ļ your phone?”
1597
4904960
5120
āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ•ā§‡ āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻŦā§‡, "āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ•āĻŋ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ° āĻĢā§‹āĻ¨ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°āĻŋ?"
81:51
Okay.
1598
4911200
240
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
81:52
And the next one. “_____ make-up looks good.”
1599
4912080
3760
āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻĒāĻ°ā§‡āĻ°āĻŸāĻŋāĨ¤ "_____ āĻŽā§‡āĻ• āĻ†āĻĒ āĻ­āĻžāĻ˛ āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤"
81:56
Whose make-up? Well, usually  girls or women wear make-up.
1600
4916640
5520
āĻ•āĻžāĻ° āĻŽā§‡āĻ• āĻ†āĻĒ? āĻ­āĻžāĻ˛, āĻ¸āĻžāĻ§āĻžāĻ°āĻŖāĻ¤ āĻŽā§‡āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ°āĻž āĻŦāĻž āĻŽāĻšāĻŋāĻ˛āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻŽā§‡āĻ• āĻ†āĻĒ āĻĒāĻ°ā§‡āĻ¨āĨ¤
82:02
So, I’m going to say,
1601
4922160
1200
āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡, āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻšā§āĻ›āĻŋ,
82:06
“Her make-up looks good.”
1602
4926400
2400
"āĻ¤āĻžāĻ° āĻŽā§‡āĻ• āĻ†āĻĒ āĻ­āĻžāĻ˛ āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻžāĻšā§āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤"
82:09
Okay, andâ€Ļ
1603
4929520
960
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡, āĻāĻŦāĻ‚...
82:11
“_____ videos are helpful to you.”
1604
4931080
3240
"_____ āĻ­āĻŋāĻĄāĻŋāĻ“āĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ¸āĻšāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĻ•āĨ¤"
82:14
Okay, these are the videos that we make. Right?
1605
4934880
3040
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡, āĻāĻ‡ āĻ­āĻŋāĻĄāĻŋāĻ“āĻ—ā§āĻ˛ā§‹ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ¤ā§ˆāĻ°āĻŋ āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋāĨ¤ āĻ āĻŋāĻ•?
82:17
We teach English in these videos.
1606
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻāĻ‡ āĻ­āĻŋāĻĄāĻŋāĻ“āĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ‡āĻ‚āĻ°ā§‡āĻœāĻŋ āĻļā§‡āĻ–āĻžāĻ‡āĨ¤
82:20
So, the answer is “our”.
1607
4940080
4240
āĻ¸ā§āĻ¤āĻ°āĻžāĻ‚, āĻ‰āĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻ° āĻšāĻ˛ "āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ°"āĨ¤
82:24
“Our videos are helpful to you.”
1608
4944320
2800
"āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻ­āĻŋāĻĄāĻŋāĻ“āĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ¸āĻšāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĻ•āĨ¤"
82:27
Or we sure hope they are.
1609
4947120
2320
āĻ…āĻĨāĻŦāĻž āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ¨āĻŋāĻļā§āĻšāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻ†āĻļāĻž āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋ.
82:29
Okay, so in this video, we learned  how to use possessive adjectives.
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡, āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻāĻ‡ āĻ­āĻŋāĻĄāĻŋāĻ“āĻ¤ā§‡, āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻļāĻŋāĻ–ā§‡āĻ›āĻŋ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ­āĻžāĻŦā§‡ āĻ…āĻ§āĻŋāĻ•āĻžāĻ°ā§€ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇāĻŖ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤
82:34
Don’t forget you have to  put a noun after each one.
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āĻ­ā§āĻ˛ā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻŦā§‡āĻ¨ āĻ¨āĻž āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ•ā§‡ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¤āĻŋāĻŸāĻŋāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°ā§‡ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§āĻ¯ āĻ°āĻžāĻ–āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻŦā§‡āĨ¤
82:39
I hope you understand, and I hope to see you in the next video.
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ†āĻļāĻž āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻŦā§āĻāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒā§‡āĻ°ā§‡āĻ›ā§‡āĻ¨, āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ•ā§‡ āĻĒāĻ°āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§€ āĻ­āĻŋāĻĄāĻŋāĻ“āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ†āĻļāĻž āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋāĨ¤
82:42
Bye.
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āĻŦāĻŋāĻĻāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤
82:52
Hi, everybody and welcome.
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āĻšāĻžāĻ‡, āĻ¸āĻŦāĻžāĻ‡ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ—āĻ¤āĻŽ.
82:55
In this video, we’re going to learn about possessive pronouns.
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āĻāĻ‡ āĻ­āĻŋāĻĄāĻŋāĻ“āĻ¤ā§‡, āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ…āĻ§āĻŋāĻ•āĻžāĻ°ā§€ āĻ¸āĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻ¨āĻžāĻŽ āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ•ā§‡ āĻļāĻŋāĻ–āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻšā§āĻ›āĻŋāĨ¤
82:59
Okay.
1616
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82:59
And we use possessive pronouns to show that something belongs to us
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡. āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ›ā§ āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻŽāĻžāĻ˛āĻŋāĻ•āĻžāĻ¨āĻžāĻ§ā§€āĻ¨ āĻŦāĻž āĻ•āĻŋāĻ›ā§ āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻŽāĻžāĻ˛āĻŋāĻ•āĻžāĻ¨āĻžāĻ§ā§€āĻ¨
83:04
or something is owned by us.
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āĻ¤āĻž āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻžāĻ¨ā§‹āĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ…āĻ§āĻŋāĻ•āĻžāĻ°ā§€ āĻ¸āĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻ¨āĻžāĻŽ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ°
83:07
Okay, or someone else.
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āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋāĨ¤ āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡, āĻŦāĻž āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ•ā§‡āĻ‰āĨ¤
83:09
So, let’s take a look at the board.
1620
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āĻ¸ā§āĻ¤āĻ°āĻžāĻ‚, āĻāĻ° āĻŦā§‹āĻ°ā§āĻĄ āĻ•āĻŸāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻĒāĻžāĻ¤ āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•.
83:12
Now, last time we learned  about subjective pronouns.
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āĻāĻ–āĻ¨, āĻ—āĻ¤āĻŦāĻžāĻ° āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇāĻ¯āĻŧāĻ—āĻ¤ āĻ¸āĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻ¨āĻžāĻŽ āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ•ā§‡ āĻļāĻŋāĻ–ā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāĨ¤
83:16
And here they are.
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āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻāĻ–āĻžāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž.
83:18
Okay.
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
83:19
And in another video, we talked  about possessive adjectives.
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āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ­āĻŋāĻĄāĻŋāĻ“āĻ¤ā§‡, āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ…āĻ§āĻŋāĻ•āĻžāĻ°ā§€ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇāĻŖ āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ•ā§‡ āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āĻŦāĻ˛ā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāĨ¤
83:24
And here they are.
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āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻāĻ–āĻžāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž.
83:25
Okay.
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
83:26
And over here are the possessive pronouns that we’re going to talk about in this video.
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āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻāĻ–āĻžāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ…āĻ§āĻŋāĻ•āĻžāĻ°ā§€ āĻ¸āĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻ¨āĻžāĻŽ āĻ°āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ›ā§‡ āĻ¯āĻž āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻāĻ‡ āĻ­āĻŋāĻĄāĻŋāĻ“āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻšā§āĻ›āĻŋāĨ¤
83:32
Now, possessive adjectives and possessive pronouns are the same.
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āĻāĻ–āĻ¨, possessive adjectives āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ possessive pronouns āĻāĻ•āĻ‡āĨ¤
83:37
They show possession.
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āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻĻāĻ–āĻ˛ āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤
83:39
Which means, I own something.
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āĻ¯āĻžāĻ° āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĨ, āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ›ā§āĻ° āĻŽāĻžāĻ˛āĻŋāĻ•āĨ¤
83:41
Something belongs to meâ€Ļor to someone else.
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āĻ•āĻŋāĻ›ā§ āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ°â€ĻāĻŦāĻž āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ•āĻžāĻ°ā§‹āĨ¤
83:45
Okay.
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
83:46
The only difference is that they’re used a little differently.
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āĻļā§āĻ§ā§āĻŽāĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻ° āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻĨāĻ•ā§āĻ¯ āĻšāĻ˛ āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻāĻ•āĻŸā§ āĻ­āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¨āĻ­āĻžāĻŦā§‡ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤
83:51
For possessive adjectives, you have to put a noun after.
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āĻ…āĻ§āĻŋāĻ•āĻžāĻ°ā§€ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇāĻŖā§‡āĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯, āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ•ā§‡ āĻĒāĻ°ā§‡ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§āĻ¯ āĻ°āĻžāĻ–āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻŦā§‡āĨ¤
83:56
Okay.
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83:56
“My dog.”
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
"āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻ•ā§āĻ•ā§āĻ°."
83:58
Okay.
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83:58
But for possessive pronouns, you don’t have to put a noun after it.
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§ āĻ…āĻ§āĻŋāĻ•āĻžāĻ°ā§€ āĻ¸āĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻ¨āĻžāĻŽā§‡āĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯, āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ•ā§‡ āĻāĻŸāĻŋāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°ā§‡ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§āĻ¯ āĻ°āĻžāĻ–āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻŦā§‡ āĻ¨āĻžāĨ¤
84:04
Okay, you can just say “mine”.
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡, āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻļā§āĻ§ā§ "āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ°" āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡āĻ¨āĨ¤
84:06
Okay.
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
84:07
So let’s go through each one.
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āĻ¸ā§āĻ¤āĻ°āĻžāĻ‚ āĻāĻ° āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¤āĻŋāĻŸāĻŋ āĻŽāĻžāĻ§ā§āĻ¯āĻŽā§‡ āĻ¯ā§‡āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¨.
84:10
“My"
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"āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ°"
84:11
"Mine”
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"āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ°"
84:13
Okay.
1644
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤
84:14
And this is the same.
1645
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āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻāĻ‡ āĻāĻ•āĻ‡.
84:15
“His"
1646
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"āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°"
84:16
"His”
1647
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"āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°"
84:18
Okay.
1648
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84:18
For ‘her’, we say “hers”.
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤
'āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°' āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯, āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻŦāĻ˛āĻŋ "āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°"āĨ¤
84:21
We add an ‘s’.
1650
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ 's' āĻ¯ā§‹āĻ— āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋāĨ¤
84:23
“Hers”
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"āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°"
84:24
“Its"
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"āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°"
84:25
"Its”
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"āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°"
84:27
Again, it’s the same.
1654
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āĻ†āĻŦāĻžāĻ°, āĻāĻŸāĻž āĻāĻ•āĻ‡āĨ¤
84:29
“Your"
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"āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ°"
84:31
"Yours”
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"āĻ¤ā§‹āĻŽāĻžāĻ°"
84:32
We have to put an ‘s’.
1657
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ 's' āĻ˛āĻžāĻ—āĻžāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻŦā§‡āĨ¤
84:33
“Yours”
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"āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ°"
84:35
“Our"
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"āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ°"
84:36
"Ours” and “Their"
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"āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ°" āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ "āĻ¤āĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ°"
84:39
"Theirs”
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"āĻ¤āĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ°"
84:40
Okay, again, I know that this can be really confusing, but let’s practice some more.
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡, āĻ†āĻŦāĻžāĻ°, āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻœāĻžāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¸āĻ¤ā§āĻ¯āĻŋāĻ‡ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ­ā§āĻ°āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ•āĻ° āĻšāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡, āĻ¤āĻŦā§‡ āĻ†āĻ¸ā§āĻ¨ āĻ†āĻ°āĻ“ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ›ā§ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻļā§€āĻ˛āĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋāĨ¤
84:46
Okay.
1663
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84:46
And let’s move on to the next part.
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°ā§‡āĻ° āĻ…āĻ‚āĻļā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•āĨ¤
84:48
Okay, let’s practice together.
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡, āĻ†āĻ¸ā§āĻ¨ āĻāĻ•āĻ¸āĻžāĻĨā§‡ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻļā§€āĻ˛āĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋāĨ¤
84:50
Now, “This is my marker.”
1666
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āĻāĻ–āĻ¨, "āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻŽāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ•āĻžāĻ°āĨ¤"
84:54
But with possessive pronouns, you do not have to put a noun after.
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āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§ āĻ…āĻ§āĻŋāĻ•āĻžāĻ°ā§€ āĻ¸āĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻ¨āĻžāĻŽā§‡āĻ° āĻ¸āĻžāĻĨā§‡, āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ•ā§‡ āĻĒāĻ°ā§‡ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§āĻ¯ āĻ˛āĻžāĻ—āĻžāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻŦā§‡ āĻ¨āĻžāĨ¤
84:59
Okay, so I can say, “This is mine.”
1668
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡, āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°āĻŋ, "āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ°āĨ¤"
85:03
“This isn’t yours.”
1669
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"āĻāĻŸāĻž āĻ¤ā§‹āĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻ¨āĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤"
85:04
“This is mine.”
1670
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"āĻāĻŸāĻž āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ°."
85:06
Okay, let’s look at the board.
1671
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡, āĻāĻ° āĻŦā§‹āĻ°ā§āĻĄ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ•āĻžāĻ¨.
85:08
This boy has a hat.
1672
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āĻāĻ‡ āĻ›ā§‡āĻ˛ā§‡āĻ° āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻž āĻŸā§āĻĒāĻŋ āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤
85:10
So we say, “This is his.”
1673
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āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻŦāĻ˛āĻŋ, "āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĨ¤"
85:15
“This isn’t mine.”
1674
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"āĻāĻŸāĻž āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻ¨āĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤"
85:16
“This isn’t yours.”
1675
5116186
533
"āĻāĻŸāĻž āĻ¤ā§‹āĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻ¨āĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤"
85:17
“This is his.”
1676
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"āĻāĻŸāĻž āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°."
85:20
The girl has a dress.
1677
5120000
1520
āĻŽā§‡āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻŸāĻžāĻ° āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻž āĻœāĻžāĻŽāĻž āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤
85:22
“This is hers.”
1678
5122320
1360
"āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĨ¤"
85:26
“This isn’t mine.”
1679
5126160
747
85:26
“This isn’t yours.”
1680
5126907
1093
"āĻāĻŸāĻž āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻ¨āĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤"
"āĻāĻŸāĻž āĻ¤ā§‹āĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻ¨āĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤"
85:28
“This is hers.”
1681
5128000
1040
"āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĨ¤"
85:29
Okay.
1682
5129840
240
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
85:30
Now with ‘its’, it’s kind of different.
1683
5130640
3520
āĻāĻ–āĻ¨ 'āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°' āĻ¸āĻ™ā§āĻ—ā§‡, āĻāĻŸāĻž āĻ­āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¨ āĻ§āĻ°āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ°.
85:34
Okay.
1684
5134160
640
85:34
You still have to put a noun,
1685
5134800
2560
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ•ā§‡ āĻāĻ–āĻ¨āĻ“ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§āĻ¯ āĻ°āĻžāĻ–āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻŦā§‡,
85:37
so you can’t say, “This is its.”
1686
5137360
2480
āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°āĻŦā§‡āĻ¨ āĻ¨āĻž, "āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻāĻŸāĻŋāĨ¤"
85:40
You have to say, “This is its ball.”
1687
5140400
2560
āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ•ā§‡ āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻŦā§‡, "āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ° āĻŦāĻ˛āĨ¤"
85:43
Again, “This is its ball.”
1688
5143760
2240
āĻ†āĻŦāĻžāĻ°, "āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ° āĻŦāĻ˛āĨ¤"
85:48
“This isn’t mine.”
1689
5148240
667
85:48
“This isn’t yours.”
1690
5148907
1093
"āĻāĻŸāĻž āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻ¨āĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤"
"āĻāĻŸāĻž āĻ¤ā§‹āĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻ¨āĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤"
85:50
“This is its ball.”
1691
5150000
1360
"āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ° āĻŦāĻ˛āĨ¤"
85:52
Okay.
1692
5152160
800
85:52
Now we have two people who have a house.
1693
5152960
2160
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
āĻāĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻĻā§āĻœāĻ¨ā§‡āĻ° āĻŦāĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋ āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤
85:55
“This is theirs.”
1694
5155840
1360
"āĻāĻŸāĻž āĻ¤āĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ°āĨ¤"
86:00
“This isn’t mine.”
1695
5160080
746
86:00
“This isn’t yours.”
1696
5160826
613
"āĻāĻŸāĻž āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻ¨āĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤"
"āĻāĻŸāĻž āĻ¤ā§‹āĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻ¨āĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤"
86:02
“This is theirs.”
1697
5162000
1040
"āĻāĻŸāĻž āĻ¤āĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ°āĨ¤"
86:04
Okay.
1698
5164080
640
86:04
Now over here, we have some books and we’re going to say that they belong to these two people.
1699
5164720
5840
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
āĻāĻ–āĻ¨ āĻāĻ–āĻžāĻ¨ā§‡, āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻ•āĻŋāĻ›ā§ āĻŦāĻ‡ āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻšā§āĻ›āĻŋ āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻ¸ā§‡āĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋ āĻāĻ‡ āĻĻā§āĻ‡ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻ•ā§āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ° āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻ°ā§āĻ—āĻ¤āĨ¤
86:10
Okay.
1700
5170560
720
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
86:11
So we’re going to use the plural ‘be’ verb; ‘are’.
1701
5171280
3440
āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻŦāĻšā§āĻŦāĻšāĻ¨ 'āĻšāĻ¤ā§‡' āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻšā§āĻ›āĻŋ; 'āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧ'āĨ¤
86:15
Okay.
1702
5175280
240
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
86:16
“These are theirs.”
1703
5176320
2400
"āĻāĻ—ā§āĻ˛ā§‹ āĻ¤āĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ°āĨ¤"
86:19
“These aren’t mine.”
1704
5179760
4560
"āĻāĻ—ā§āĻ˛ā§‹ āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻ¨āĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤"
86:24
“These aren’t yours.”
1705
5184880
640
"āĻāĻ—ā§āĻ˛ā§‹ āĻ¤ā§‹āĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻ¨āĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤"
86:25
“These are theirs.”
1706
5185520
1120
"āĻāĻ—ā§āĻ˛ā§‹ āĻ¤āĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ°āĨ¤"
86:27
Okay.
1707
5187600
720
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
86:28
And last, we have a picture of Korea.
1708
5188320
3200
āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻļā§‡āĻˇ, āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ•ā§‹āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ›āĻŦāĻŋ āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
86:31
Okay.
1709
5191520
320
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
86:32
“This is ours.”
1710
5192560
1760
"āĻāĻŸāĻž āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ°āĨ¤"
86:35
“This is ours.”
1711
5195200
1520
"āĻāĻŸāĻž āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ°āĨ¤"
86:37
Okay, let’s move on to the next part.
1712
5197440
2240
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡, āĻāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§€ āĻ…āĻ‚āĻļā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•āĨ¤
86:41
Okay, let’s look at these examples.
1713
5201760
2720
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡, āĻ†āĻ¸ā§āĻ¨ āĻāĻ‡ āĻ‰āĻĻāĻžāĻšāĻ°āĻŖ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ•āĻžāĻ¨.
86:44
We have to put in some possessive pronouns.
1714
5204480
3280
āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻ•āĻŋāĻ›ā§ possessive pronoun āĻŦāĻ¸āĻžāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻŦā§‡āĨ¤
86:47
Okay.
1715
5207760
320
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
86:48
“That lipstick is _____.”
1716
5208640
2960
"āĻ¸ā§‡āĻ‡ āĻ˛āĻŋāĻĒāĻ¸ā§āĻŸāĻŋāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻšāĻ˛ _____āĨ¤"
86:51
Okay, well we have the noun ‘lipstick’ and usually a girl or woman wears lipstick,
1717
5211600
6640
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡, āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§āĻ¯ 'āĻ˛āĻŋāĻĒāĻ¸ā§āĻŸāĻŋāĻ•' āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ¸āĻžāĻ§āĻžāĻ°āĻŖāĻ¤ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŽā§‡āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻŦāĻž āĻŽāĻšāĻŋāĻ˛āĻž āĻ˛āĻŋāĻĒāĻ¸ā§āĻŸāĻŋāĻ• āĻĒāĻ°ā§‡,
86:58
so we’re going to use the possessive pronoun ‘hers’.
1718
5218240
6000
āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž 'āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°' āĻ…āĻ§āĻŋāĻ•āĻžāĻ°ā§€ āĻ¸āĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻ¨āĻžāĻŽ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻšā§āĻ›āĻŋāĨ¤
87:04
Okay.
1719
5224240
320
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
87:05
“That lipstick is hers.”
1720
5225120
2480
"āĻ“āĻ‡ āĻ˛āĻŋāĻĒāĻ¸ā§āĻŸāĻŋāĻ• āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĨ¤"
87:08
Okay.
1721
5228400
720
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
87:09
The next sentence.
1722
5229120
1040
āĻĒāĻ°ā§‡āĻ° āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¯āĨ¤
87:10
“That sports car is _____.”
1723
5230720
3120
"āĻ¸ā§‡āĻ‡ āĻ¸ā§āĻĒā§‹āĻ°ā§āĻŸāĻ¸ āĻ•āĻžāĻ°āĻŸāĻŋ āĻšāĻ˛ _____āĨ¤"
87:13
Okay.
1724
5233840
480
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
87:14
Again, usually a man will drive a sports car.
1725
5234960
4720
āĻ†āĻŦāĻžāĻ°, āĻ¸āĻžāĻ§āĻžāĻ°āĻŖāĻ¤ āĻāĻ•āĻœāĻ¨ āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻˇ āĻ¸ā§āĻĒā§‹āĻ°ā§āĻŸāĻ¸ āĻ•āĻžāĻ° āĻšāĻžāĻ˛āĻžāĻŦā§‡āĻ¨āĨ¤
87:19
So, we can say, “That sports car is his.”
1726
5239680
8080
āĻ¸ā§āĻ¤āĻ°āĻžāĻ‚, āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°āĻŋ, "āĻ¸ā§‡āĻ‡ āĻ¸ā§āĻĒā§‹āĻ°ā§āĻŸāĻ¸ āĻ•āĻžāĻ°āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĨ¤"
87:28
Okay.
1727
5248800
800
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
87:29
Now, let’s look at these last two.
1728
5249600
2240
āĻāĻ–āĻ¨, āĻāĻ‡ āĻļā§‡āĻˇ āĻĻā§āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ•āĻžāĻ¨.
87:32
“This money is mine, not yours.”
1729
5252640
3680
"āĻāĻ‡ āĻŸāĻžāĻ•āĻž āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ°, āĻ¤ā§‹āĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻ¨āĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤"
87:37
“This money is mine; it belongs to me.”
1730
5257200
2720
“āĻāĻ‡ āĻŸāĻžāĻ•āĻž āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ°; āĻāĻŸāĻž āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ°."
87:40
“It doesn’t belong to you.”
1731
5260720
1600
"āĻāĻŸāĻž āĻ¤ā§‹āĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻ¨āĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤"
87:43
Not yours.
1732
5263120
960
āĻ¤ā§‹āĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻ¨āĻž.
87:44
Okay.
1733
5264800
480
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
87:45
And the last one.
1734
5265280
1200
āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ¸āĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻļā§‡āĻˇāĻŸāĻŋ.
87:46
“Dokdo is ours.”
1735
5266480
1920
"āĻĄā§‹āĻ•āĻĄā§‹ āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ°āĨ¤"
87:48
It’s Koreas.
1736
5268400
1440
āĻāĻŸāĻž āĻ•ā§‹āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĨ¤
87:49
Rightâ€Ļ
1737
5269840
240
āĻ āĻŋāĻ•...
87:50
“Not theirs.”
1738
5270640
1200
"āĻ¤āĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻ¨āĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤"
87:52
Not Japan’s.
1739
5272400
1040
āĻœāĻžāĻĒāĻžāĻ¨ā§‡āĻ° āĻ¨āĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤
87:54
“It belongs to us.”
1740
5274240
1520
"āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻ°ā§āĻ—āĻ¤āĨ¤"
87:55
So we say, “It’s ours.”
1741
5275760
1680
āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻŦāĻ˛āĻŋ, "āĻāĻŸāĻž āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ°āĨ¤"
87:58
Okay, so in this video, we  learned possessive pronouns.
1742
5278160
4240
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡, āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻāĻ‡ āĻ­āĻŋāĻĄāĻŋāĻ“āĻ¤ā§‡, āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ…āĻ§āĻŋāĻ•āĻžāĻ°ā§€ āĻ¸āĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻ¨āĻžāĻŽ āĻļāĻŋāĻ–ā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāĨ¤
88:02
I hope you understand, and I’ll see you in the next video.
1743
5282400
3600
āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ†āĻļāĻž āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻŦā§āĻāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒā§‡āĻ°ā§‡āĻ›ā§‡āĻ¨, āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ•ā§‡ āĻĒāĻ°āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§€ āĻ­āĻŋāĻĄāĻŋāĻ“āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻŦāĨ¤
88:06
Bye.
1744
5286000
7840
āĻŦāĻŋāĻĻāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤
88:15
This is a checkup for ‘this’,  ‘that’, ‘these’, ‘those’,
1745
5295600
4320
āĻāĻŸāĻŋ 'āĻāĻ‡', 'āĻ¸ā§‡āĻ‡', 'āĻāĻ‡āĻ¸', 'āĻ¸ā§‡āĻ‡',
88:20
possessive adjectives, and possessive pronouns.
1746
5300720
3360
āĻ…āĻ§āĻŋāĻ•āĻžāĻ°ā§€ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇāĻŖ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ…āĻ§āĻŋāĻ•āĻžāĻ°ā§€ āĻ¸āĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻ¨āĻžāĻŽā§‡āĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻšā§‡āĻ•āĻ†āĻĒāĨ¤
88:24
Okay.
1747
5304640
720
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
88:25
Now here, I want you to focus on ‘this’, ‘that’, ‘these’, and ‘those’.
1748
5305360
6240
āĻāĻ–āĻ¨ āĻāĻ–āĻžāĻ¨ā§‡, āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻšāĻžāĻ‡ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ 'āĻāĻ‡', 'āĻ¸ā§‡āĻŸāĻž', 'āĻāĻ‡', āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ 'āĻ“āĻ¸āĻŦ'-āĻ āĻĢā§‹āĻ•āĻžāĻ¸ āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻ¨āĨ¤
88:32
Okay, so here’s the first example.
1749
5312240
2720
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡, āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻāĻ–āĻžāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽ āĻ‰āĻĻāĻžāĻšāĻ°āĻŖ.
88:35
We have a dog.
1750
5315760
1200
āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻž āĻ•ā§āĻ•ā§āĻ° āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤
88:37
One dog.
1751
5317760
720
āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ•ā§āĻ•ā§āĻ°.
88:39
So we have to use ‘this’ or ‘that’.
1752
5319120
4320
āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° 'āĻāĻ‡' āĻŦāĻž 'āĻ“āĻŸāĻž' āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻŦā§‡āĨ¤
88:43
Okay.
1753
5323440
720
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
88:44
If it’s close, I say, “This is a dog.”
1754
5324160
4080
āĻ¯āĻĻāĻŋ āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻ•āĻžāĻ›āĻžāĻ•āĻžāĻ›āĻŋ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧ, āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻŦāĻ˛āĻŋ, "āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ•ā§āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĨ¤"
88:48
If it’s far away, I say, “That is a dog.”
1755
5328880
4560
āĻ¯āĻĻāĻŋ āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻĻā§‚āĻ°ā§‡ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•ā§‡, āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻŦāĻ˛āĻŋ, "āĻ“āĻŸāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ•ā§āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĨ¤"
88:54
So, I’m going to write ‘this’.
1756
5334320
3120
āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡, āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ 'āĻāĻ‡' āĻ˛āĻŋāĻ–āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻšā§āĻ›āĻŋāĨ¤
88:58
Okay.
1757
5338720
320
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
88:59
The next one says, “â€Ļare balloons.”
1758
5339760
3280
āĻĒāĻ°ā§‡āĻ°āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻ˛ā§‡, "...āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦā§‡āĻ˛ā§āĻ¨āĨ¤"
89:04
“â€Ļare balloons.” With an ‘s’.
1759
5344000
2480
"...āĻŦā§‡āĻ˛ā§āĻ¨āĨ¤" āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ 's' āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĨ¤
89:07
There’s more than one.
1760
5347040
1280
āĻāĻ•āĻžāĻ§āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
89:08
So can we use ‘this’ or ‘that’?
1761
5348880
2560
āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ•āĻŋ 'āĻāĻ‡' āĻŦāĻž 'āĻ“āĻŸāĻž' āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°āĻŋ?
89:12
No.
1762
5352240
240
āĻ¨āĻžāĨ¤
89:13
We have to use ‘these’ or ‘those’.
1763
5353120
2960
āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° 'āĻāĻ‡' āĻŦāĻž 'āĻ“āĻ¸āĻŦ' āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻŦā§‡āĨ¤
89:16
So, if it’s close, I say “These are balloons.”
1764
5356800
4480
āĻ¸ā§āĻ¤āĻ°āĻžāĻ‚, āĻ¯āĻĻāĻŋ āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻ•āĻžāĻ›āĻžāĻ•āĻžāĻ›āĻŋ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧ, āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻŦāĻ˛āĻŋ "āĻāĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋ āĻŦā§‡āĻ˛ā§āĻ¨āĨ¤"
89:22
If they are far, “Those are balloons.”
1765
5362320
3680
āĻ¯āĻĻāĻŋ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻĻā§‚āĻ°ā§‡ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•ā§‡, "āĻāĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋ āĻŦā§‡āĻ˛ā§āĻ¨āĨ¤"
89:26
Okay.
1766
5366640
800
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
89:27
So let’s write ‘those’.
1767
5367440
3760
āĻ¤ā§‹ āĻšāĻ˛ā§āĻ¨ 'āĻ¸ā§‡āĻ‡' āĻ˛āĻŋāĻ–āĻŋāĨ¤
89:31
“Those are balloons.”
1768
5371760
1680
"āĻāĻ—ā§āĻ˛ā§‹ āĻŦā§‡āĻ˛ā§āĻ¨āĨ¤"
89:34
Okay.
1769
5374560
720
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
89:35
Now when we ask the question,
1770
5375280
2800
āĻāĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ¯āĻ–āĻ¨ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻļā§āĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋ,
89:38
“Are these pens?”
1771
5378080
1760
"āĻāĻ—ā§āĻ˛ā§‹ āĻ•āĻŋ āĻ•āĻ˛āĻŽ?"
89:40
we have more than one.
1772
5380960
1680
āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻāĻ•āĻžāĻ§āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
89:43
“These pens.” With an ‘s’.
1773
5383360
2800
"āĻāĻ‡ āĻ•āĻ˛āĻŽāĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋāĨ¤" āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ 's' āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĨ¤
89:46
Okay.
1774
5386960
400
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
89:47
I can put two answers here.
1775
5387920
2400
āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻ–āĻžāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻĻā§āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ‰āĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻ° āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°āĻŋāĨ¤
89:51
“No, ___ aren’t.”
1776
5391040
2320
"āĻ¨āĻž, ___ āĻ¨āĻžāĨ¤"
89:59
I can say “No, these aren’t.”
1777
5399360
1586
āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°āĻŋ "āĻ¨āĻž, āĻāĻ—ā§āĻ˛ā§‹ āĻ¨āĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤"
90:00
Orâ€Ļ I can say “No, they..."  more than one "... they aren’t.”
1778
5400946
4894
āĻ…āĻĨāĻŦāĻž... āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°āĻŋ "āĻ¨āĻž, āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž..." āĻāĻ•āĻžāĻ§āĻŋāĻ• "... āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻ¨āĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤"
90:07
Okay.
1779
5407760
320
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
90:08
The next one. “These ____ eyes.”
1780
5408800
4160
āĻĒāĻ°ā§‡āĻ° āĻāĻ•. "āĻāĻ‡ āĻšā§‹āĻ– āĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋ."
90:13
We need a ‘be’ verb.
1781
5413760
1760
āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ 'āĻšāĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧāĻž' āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻĻāĻ°āĻ•āĻžāĻ°āĨ¤
90:16
Okay.
1782
5416160
320
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
90:17
There’s more than one, right.
1783
5417600
1520
āĻāĻ•āĻžāĻ§āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡, āĻĄāĻžāĻ¨.
90:19
There are two eyes.
1784
5419120
1280
āĻĻā§āĻŸāĻŋ āĻšā§‹āĻ– āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤
90:20
So, “These are eyes.”
1785
5420960
4000
āĻ¸ā§āĻ¤āĻ°āĻžāĻ‚, "āĻāĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋ āĻšā§‹āĻ–āĨ¤"
90:25
Okay.
1786
5425920
960
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
90:26
And here “â€Ļis a nose.”
1787
5426880
2560
āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻāĻ–āĻžāĻ¨ā§‡ "... āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¨āĻžāĻ•āĨ¤"
90:30
One.
1788
5430400
320
āĻāĻ•.
90:32
A nose.
1789
5432000
800
90:32
And it’s close.
1790
5432800
1040
āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¨āĻžāĻ•.
āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻāĻŸāĻž āĻ•āĻžāĻ›āĻžāĻ•āĻžāĻ›āĻŋ.
90:34
So, I have to say, “This is a nose.”
1791
5434480
5280
āĻ¸ā§āĻ¤āĻ°āĻžāĻ‚, āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ•ā§‡ āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻŦā§‡, "āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¨āĻžāĻ•āĨ¤"
90:40
Okay, let’s move on to the next part.
1792
5440480
2240
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡, āĻāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§€ āĻ…āĻ‚āĻļā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•āĨ¤
90:44
We’re going to do some more checkup.
1793
5444160
2400
āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ†āĻ°ā§‹ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ›ā§ āĻšā§‡āĻ•āĻ†āĻĒ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻšā§āĻ›āĻŋ.
90:46
Now here, I want you to focus on possessive adjectives and possessive pronouns.
1794
5446560
6000
āĻāĻ–āĻ¨ āĻāĻ–āĻžāĻ¨ā§‡, āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻšāĻžāĻ‡ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ…āĻ§āĻŋāĻ•āĻžāĻ°ā§€ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇāĻŖ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ…āĻ§āĻŋāĻ•āĻžāĻ°ā§€ āĻ¸āĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻ¨āĻžāĻŽā§‡āĻ° āĻ‰āĻĒāĻ° āĻĢā§‹āĻ•āĻžāĻ¸ āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻ¨āĨ¤
90:53
Let’s look at the first example.
1795
5453120
1760
āĻāĻ° āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽ āĻ‰āĻĻāĻžāĻšāĻ°āĻŖ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ•āĻžāĻ¨.
90:55
“These are my pen.”
1796
5455760
2080
"āĻāĻ—ā§āĻ˛ā§‹ āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ˛āĻŽāĨ¤"
90:58
Okay.
1797
5458960
480
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
91:00
We have ‘theseâ€Ļare’.
1798
5460160
3200
āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡ 'āĻāĻ—ā§āĻ˛ā§‹...āĻ†āĻ°'āĨ¤
91:04
This means we need more than one.
1799
5464640
2640
āĻāĻ° āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻāĻ•āĻžāĻ§āĻŋāĻ• āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¯āĻŧā§‹āĻœāĻ¨āĨ¤
91:07
Rightâ€Ļ
1800
5467280
720
āĻĄāĻžāĻ¨â€Ļ
91:08
More than one pen.
1801
5468000
1200
āĻāĻ•āĻžāĻ§āĻŋāĻ• āĻ•āĻ˛āĻŽāĨ¤
91:09
So, we have to put ‘s’.
1802
5469760
2000
āĻ¸ā§āĻ¤āĻ°āĻžāĻ‚, āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° 's' āĻ˛āĻžāĻ—āĻžāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻŦā§‡āĨ¤
91:12
“These are my pens.”
1803
5472480
2000
"āĻāĻ—ā§āĻ˛ā§‹ āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ˛āĻŽāĨ¤"
91:15
Okay.
1804
5475360
960
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
91:16
Let’s look at these two together.
1805
5476320
2080
āĻ†āĻ¸ā§āĻ¨ āĻāĻ•āĻ¸āĻžāĻĨā§‡ āĻāĻ‡ āĻĻā§āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ•āĻžāĻ¨.
91:19
“Those aren’t her children.”
1806
5479360
2800
"āĻāĻ°āĻž āĻ¤āĻžāĻ° āĻ¸āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻžāĻ¨ āĻ¨āĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤"
91:23
Okay.
1807
5483680
880
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
91:24
So we can also say, “Those aren’t ____.”
1808
5484560
4200
āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻāĻŸāĻžāĻ“ āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°āĻŋ, "āĻāĻ—ā§āĻ˛ā§‹ ____ āĻ¨āĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤"
91:29
What do we put?
1809
5489280
1160
āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ•āĻŋ āĻ°āĻžāĻ–āĻŦ?
91:30
“â€Ļ her children.”
1810
5490440
1960
"â€Ļ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ° āĻ¸āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻžāĻ¨."
91:33
We can always say, “Those aren’t hers.”
1811
5493200
3760
āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ¸āĻŦāĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°āĻŋ, "āĻāĻ—ā§āĻ˛ā§‹ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ° āĻ¨āĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤"
91:37
Okay.
1812
5497600
960
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
91:38
We don’t need a noun here.
1813
5498560
1920
āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻāĻ–āĻžāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§āĻ¯ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¯āĻŧā§‹āĻœāĻ¨ āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ‡.
91:41
We do need a noun over here, though.
1814
5501040
3120
āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻāĻ–āĻžāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§āĻ¯ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¯āĻŧā§‹āĻœāĻ¨, āĻ¯āĻĻāĻŋāĻ“.
91:44
Okay.
1815
5504160
480
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
91:45
Then, “Is it yours?”
1816
5505600
2160
āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻĒāĻ°, "āĻāĻŸāĻž āĻ•āĻŋ āĻ¤ā§‹āĻŽāĻžāĻ°?"
91:48
“Is it yours?”
1817
5508880
800
"āĻāĻŸāĻž āĻ¤ā§‹āĻŽāĻžāĻ°?"
91:50
“Yes, it’s _____.”
1818
5510560
2120
"āĻšā§āĻ¯āĻž, āĻāĻŸāĻžāĻ‡ _____."
91:53
There’s no noun.
1819
5513200
1280
āĻ•ā§‹āĻ¨ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§āĻ¯ āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ‡.
91:54
We have to sayâ€Ļ
1820
5514480
3360
āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻŦā§‡...
91:58
“mine”.
1821
5518720
480
"āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ°"āĨ¤
92:00
“Is it yours?”
1822
5520000
800
"āĻāĻŸāĻž āĻ¤ā§‹āĻŽāĻžāĻ°?"
92:01
“Yes, it’s mine.”
1823
5521440
1280
“Yes, it's mine.”
92:03
Okay.
1824
5523920
800
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
92:04
And the last twoâ€Ļ
1825
5524720
1040
And the last twoâ€Ļ
92:05
” _____ these his shoes?”
1826
5525760
3760
” _____ these his shoes?”
92:10
We need a ‘be’ verb here.
1827
5530640
1840
We need a 'be' verb here.
92:12
” _____ these his shoes?”
1828
5532480
2320
” _____ these his shoes?”
92:15
We have ‘these’, and we have ‘shoes’ with an ‘s’.
1829
5535520
4160
We have 'these', and we have 'shoes' with an 's'.
92:19
So we need the plural ‘be’ verb.
1830
5539680
2720
So we need the plural 'be' verb.
92:24
“Are”. “Are these his shoes?”
1831
5544720
2560
“Are”. “Are these his shoes?”
92:28
Okay.
1832
5548080
720
92:28
And the answer. “No, theyâ€Ļ”
1833
5548800
2400
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
And the answer. “No, theyâ€Ļ”
92:32
Plural.
1834
5552560
480
Plural.
92:34
“â€Ļare.”
1835
5554720
240
“â€Ļare.”
92:35
We have ‘no’. “No, they aren’t”
1836
5555920
3920
We have 'no'. “No, they aren't”
92:40
Okay.
1837
5560800
560
Okay.
92:41
“Are not, aren’t”.
1838
5561360
1280
“Are not, aren't”.
92:43
Okay.
1839
5563360
640
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
92:44
Let’s move on to the next part.
1840
5564000
1760
Let's move on to the next part.
92:47
For this last part, we’re going to look at these sentences.
1841
5567120
3440
For this last part, we're going to look at these sentences.
92:51
But they’re all wrong.
1842
5571200
2240
But they're all wrong.
92:53
They all have mistakes.
1843
5573440
2000
They all have mistakes.
92:55
So you have to find the mistakes for me.
1844
5575440
3120
So you have to find the mistakes for me.
92:59
Okay.
1845
5579360
880
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
93:00
So, the first one says, “That are chairs.”
1846
5580240
3840
So, the first one says, “That are chairs.”
93:04
Hmmmm, we know that’s wrong.
1847
5584600
2120
Hmmmm, we know that's wrong.
93:07
‘That’ is used for singular nouns.
1848
5587520
3600
'That' is used for singular nouns.
93:11
One.
1849
5591120
320
āĻāĻ•.
93:12
But it says “are” and it says “chairs” with an ‘s’.
1850
5592320
4960
But it says “are” and it says “chairs” with an 's'.
93:18
So, we have to change this word.
1851
5598000
4320
So, we have to change this word.
93:22
We can say, “These are chairs.”
1852
5602320
4800
We can say, “These are chairs.”
93:27
or “Those are chairs.”
1853
5607120
2240
or “Those are chairs.”
93:30
Okay.
1854
5610320
480
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
93:31
“This book is my.”
1855
5611600
1840
“This book is my.”
93:34
Hmm.
1856
5614600
1000
Hmm.
93:35
We have the possessive pronoun ‘my’.
1857
5615600
2480
We have the possessive pronoun 'my'.
93:38
But remember, you have to have a noun after,
1858
5618960
4000
But remember, you have to have a noun after,
93:42
but there’s no noun.
1859
5622960
1440
but there's no noun.
93:45
So, we can change this to the  possessive adjective ‘mine’.
1860
5625280
6160
So, we can change this to the possessive adjective 'mine'.
93:52
Okay.
1861
5632160
720
93:52
You don’t need a noun if you say ‘mine’.
1862
5632880
2960
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
You don't need a noun if you say 'mine'.
93:57
Okay.
1863
5637360
400
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
93:58
“That is he house.”
1864
5638480
2160
“That is he house.”
94:02
Hmm.
1865
5642120
1000
Hmm.
94:03
We want to show that this house belongs to this man or boy.
1866
5643120
6160
We want to show that this house belongs to this man or boy.
94:09
“That is he house.”
1867
5649280
1520
“That is he house.”
94:11
But this word ‘he’, does not show possession.
1868
5651440
4160
But this word 'he', does not show possession.
94:17
Okay.
1869
5657200
800
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
94:18
So, we say, “This is his house.”
1870
5658000
4080
So, we say, “This is his house.”
94:22
‘His’, then the noun ‘house’.
1871
5662800
2480
'His', then the noun 'house'.
94:27
Similarly, for the next one.
1872
5667360
2000
Similarly, for the next one.
94:29
“She name is Jenny.”
1873
5669920
1920
“She name is Jenny.”
94:32
We want to show that this name belongs to Jenny.
1874
5672880
4000
We want to show that this name belongs to Jenny.
94:37
So, we sayâ€Ļ
1875
5677680
1200
So, we sayâ€Ļ
94:41
“her”.
1876
5681200
240
“her”.
94:42
“Her name is Jenny.”
1877
5682640
3280
“Her name is Jenny.”
94:45
Okay, and the last one is also similar.
1878
5685920
2960
Okay, and the last one is also similar.
94:49
“It’s ours house.”
1879
5689520
1920
“It's ours house.”
94:52
Now, if we don’t have ‘house’, “It’s ours.”
1880
5692560
3280
Now, if we don't have 'house', “It's ours.”
94:56
We can say that.
1881
5696400
1520
We can say that.
94:57
But since we have a noun, â€Ļ
1882
5697920
3520
But since we have a noun, â€Ļ
95:01
we use the possessive pronoun,
1883
5701440
2800
we use the possessive pronoun,
95:04
“It’s ‘our’ house.”
1884
5704240
1760
“It's 'our' house.”
95:06
Okay.
1885
5706880
880
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
95:07
That was the checkup for possessive  pronouns, possessive adjectives,
1886
5707760
5200
That was the checkup for possessive pronouns, possessive adjectives,
95:12
‘this’, ‘that’, ‘these’, and ‘those’.
1887
5712960
2400
'this', 'that', 'these', and 'those'.
95:15
I hope you understood, and I’ll see you in the next video.
1888
5715360
3200
I hope you understood, and I'll see you in the next video.
95:18
Bye.
1889
5718560
9680
āĻŦāĻŋāĻĻāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤
95:28
Hi, everybody.
1890
5728240
1440
āĻ¸āĻŦāĻžāĻ‡ āĻ•ā§‡āĻŽāĻ¨ āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡āĻ¨.
95:29
In this video, we’re going to talk about the articles; ‘a’, ‘an’ and ‘the’.
1891
5729680
6320
In this video, we're going to talk about the articles; 'a', 'an' and 'the'.
95:36
Now this can be very confusing, so please make sure you pay careful attention.
1892
5736880
5360
Now this can be very confusing, so please make sure you pay careful attention.
95:43
We use articles in front of nouns.
1893
5743200
3680
We use articles in front of nouns.
95:46
Okay, so remember that and  let’s look at the board.
1894
5746880
3120
Okay, so remember that and let's look at the board.
95:51
First, we use ‘a’ or ‘an’ when we’re talking about any one thing.
1895
5751440
5840
First, we use 'a' or 'an' when we're talking about any one thing.
95:58
For example, let’s say I  say, “A banana is delicious.”
1896
5758320
5920
For example, let's say I say, “A banana is delicious.”
96:04
Okay, that means all bananas.
1897
5764240
2560
Okay, that means all bananas.
96:06
Any banana is delicious.
1898
5766800
3040
Any banana is delicious.
96:09
“A banana is delicious.”
1899
5769840
2240
“A banana is delicious.”
96:12
Okay, let’s jump over here.
1900
5772800
2560
Okay, let's jump over here.
96:15
If I’m talking about a specific bananaâ€Ļ
1901
5775360
3200
If I'm talking about a specific bananaâ€Ļ
96:18
maybe I have a banana in my hand.
1902
5778560
2080
maybe I have a banana in my hand.
96:21
It’s specific, not any banana, this one.
1903
5781440
3120
It's specific, not any banana, this one.
96:25
I have to use ‘the’,
1904
5785520
1600
I have to use 'the',
96:28
“The banana is old.”
1905
5788240
2160
“The banana is old.”
96:31
Okay. This one.
1906
5791440
1360
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡. āĻāĻ‡āĻŸāĻž.
96:33
I can’t say, “A banana is old.”
1907
5793600
3440
I can't say, “A banana is old.”
96:37
Then that means all bananas are old.
1908
5797040
2720
Then that means all bananas are old.
96:39
And that’s not true. Just this one.
1909
5799760
2960
And that's not true. Just this one.
96:42
So, I say, “The banana is old.”
1910
5802720
2800
So, I say, “The banana is old.”
96:46
Okay, let’s move over here.
1911
5806480
1840
Okay, let's move over here.
96:48
We also use ‘a’ or ‘an’ when we’re talking about something for the first time.
1912
5808880
5920
We also use 'a' or 'an' when we're talking about something for the first time.
96:55
So, I have another example here.
1913
5815840
1920
So, I have another example here.
96:58
“I watched a movie.”
1914
5818320
2080
“I watched a movie.”
97:01
Okay.
1915
5821040
800
97:01
I’m talking about this movie for the first time, so I have to use “â€Ļa movie”.
1916
5821840
6640
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
I'm talking about this movie for the first time, so I have to use “â€Ļa movie”.
97:09
But, if I want to talk about this movie again,
1917
5829920
3360
But, if I want to talk about this movie again,
97:13
for the second time, or the  third time or fourth, fifthâ€Ļ
1918
5833280
4560
for the second time, or the third time or fourth, fifthâ€Ļ
97:17
it doesn’t matter.
1919
5837840
880
it doesn't matter.
97:19
I have to use ‘the’.
1920
5839280
1680
I have to use 'the'.
97:22
“The movie was fun.”
1921
5842160
2240
“The movie was fun.”
97:25
I’m talking about this one. The specific.
1922
5845040
2480
I'm talking about this one. The specific.
97:28
“The movie was fun.”
1923
5848240
2000
“The movie was fun.”
97:31
I can’t say, “A movie was fun.”
1924
5851280
3120
I can't say, “A movie was fun.”
97:34
That means all movies are fun.
1925
5854400
2080
That means all movies are fun.
97:36
That’s not true.
1926
5856480
800
āĻāĻŸāĻž āĻ¸āĻ¤ā§āĻ¯āĻŋ āĻ¨āĻž.
97:38
“The movie was fun.”
1927
5858080
1680
“The movie was fun.”
97:41
Okay, and I also use ‘the’
1928
5861200
2720
Okay, and I also use 'the'
97:43
when I’m talking about a noun  where there’s only one and only.
1929
5863920
3920
when I'm talking about a noun where there's only one and only.
97:48
Okay.
1930
5868480
800
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
97:49
For example, there’s only one sun.
1931
5869280
3440
For example, there's only one sun.
97:52
Okay, when I look at the  sky, there’s only one sun.
1932
5872720
3600
Okay, when I look at the sky, there's only one sun.
97:56
So, I say, “The sun.”
1933
5876320
1840
So, I say, “The sun.”
97:59
“The sun is hot.”
1934
5879040
1680
“The sun is hot.”
98:00
I cannot say, “A sun.”
1935
5880720
2240
I cannot say, “A sun.”
98:02
That’s wrong.
1936
5882960
1200
That's wrong.
98:04
When there’s one and only, we say, “The sun.”
1937
5884160
3440
When there's one and only, we say, “The sun.”
98:08
Okay.
1938
5888320
640
98:08
Let’s look at some more examples.
1939
5888960
1600
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
Let's look at some more examples.
98:11
The first example says, “A lion is dangerous.”
1940
5891520
4320
The first example says, “A lion is dangerous.”
98:16
I have to use ‘a’ because I’m  talking about any one lion.
1941
5896640
4960
I have to use 'a' because I'm talking about any one lion.
98:21
Any lion is dangerous.
1942
5901600
1840
Any lion is dangerous.
98:24
All lions are dangerous.
1943
5904000
2320
All lions are dangerous.
98:26
So, I use ‘a’.
1944
5906320
1520
So, I use 'a'.
98:29
The next sentence says, “It’s a dog.”
1945
5909040
3200
The next sentence says, “It's a dog.”
98:33
I’m talking about this dog for the first time, so I use ‘a’.
1946
5913200
6080
I'm talking about this dog for the first time, so I use 'a'.
98:40
Now, I’m talking about this  dog for the second time.
1947
5920720
4400
Now, I'm talking about this dog for the second time.
98:45
So, I say, “The dog is cute.”
1948
5925120
3440
So, I say, “The dog is cute.”
98:49
Okay.
1949
5929760
640
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
98:50
Here’s a similar example.
1950
5930400
1840
Here's a similar example.
98:52
“It’s an ant.”
1951
5932880
1200
“It's an ant.”
98:55
Well, I used ‘an’ because we have ‘ant’, which start with a vowel.
1952
5935040
5360
Well, I used 'an' because we have 'ant', which start with a vowel.
99:00
And I’m talking about this ant for the first time.
1953
5940400
3760
And I'm talking about this ant for the first time.
99:05
“It’s an ant.”
1954
5945120
1120
“It's an ant.”
99:07
Now, I’m talking about this ant again.
1955
5947120
2800
Now, I'm talking about this ant again.
99:10
“The ant is small.”
1956
5950800
2000
“The ant is small.”
99:14
“The antâ€Ļ”, this one, “â€Ļis small.”
1957
5954080
2880
“The antâ€Ļ”, this one, “â€Ļis small.”
99:18
Okay, and the last one.
1958
5958240
1760
Okay, and the last one.
99:20
“It’s the moon.”
1959
5960000
1440
“It's the moon.”
99:22
I have to say, “the moon”  because there’s only one moon.
1960
5962160
4160
I have to say, “the moon” because there's only one moon.
99:27
I cannot say, “a moon”.
1961
5967360
1760
I cannot say, “a moon”.
99:30
“It’s the moon.
1962
5970560
1040
“It's the moon.
99:32
The moonâ€Ļ”, only one, “â€Ļis round.”
1963
5972240
3760
The moonâ€Ļ”, only one, “â€Ļis round.”
99:37
Okay.
1964
5977200
640
99:37
Let’s look at some more examples.
1965
5977840
2000
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
Let's look at some more examples.
99:42
Okay, we have some more examples,
1966
5982000
2480
Okay, we have some more examples,
99:44
but this time I want you to think about  whether we should put ‘a’, ‘an’ or ‘the’.
1967
5984480
6320
but this time I want you to think about whether we should put 'a', 'an' or 'the'.
99:51
Okay.
1968
5991760
480
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
99:52
So, “I see ____ desk and ___ chair.”
1969
5992800
3680
So, “I see ____ desk and ___ chair.”
99:57
We don’t know which desk and chair.
1970
5997600
3120
We don't know which desk and chair.
100:00
And it’s the first time I’m talking about them.
1971
6000720
3200
And it's the first time I'm talking about them.
100:04
So, we have to put ‘a’.
1972
6004480
3360
So, we have to put 'a'.
100:08
“I see a desk and a chair.”
1973
6008800
4240
“I see a desk and a chair.”
100:14
The next one.
1974
6014560
1120
The next one.
100:15
“I see ____ octopus.”
1975
6015680
1920
“I see ____ octopus.”
100:18
Okay, this is the same.
1976
6018160
2320
Okay, this is the same.
100:20
It’s the first time I’m  talking about this octopus.
1977
6020480
4080
It's the first time I'm talking about this octopus.
100:25
So, do I put ‘a’ or ‘an’?
1978
6025120
2560
So, do I put 'a' or 'an'?
100:28
Well here we have the vowel ‘o’.
1979
6028720
2400
Well here we have the vowel 'o'.
100:31
So we have to put “‘an’ octopus”.
1980
6031760
2960
So we have to put “'an' octopus”.
100:35
“I see an octopus.”
1981
6035360
2080
“I see an octopus.”
100:38
Okay, the next one.
1982
6038560
2080
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡, āĻĒāĻ°ā§‡āĻ°āĻŸāĻžāĨ¤
100:40
“It’s ___ pen.”
1983
6040640
1040
“It's ___ pen.”
100:42
Okay, it’s the same.
1984
6042640
1600
Okay, it's the same.
100:44
It’s the first time, so I say, “a pen”.
1985
6044240
3040
It's the first time, so I say, “a pen”.
100:48
Now, I’m talking about the  pen for the second time.
1986
6048400
3520
Now, I'm talking about the pen for the second time.
100:52
So I say, “The pen is red.”
1987
6052640
5200
So I say, “The pen is red.”
100:58
Okay, I’m talking about this one.
1988
6058560
2080
Okay, I'm talking about this one.
101:00
So I say, “the”.
1989
6060640
960
So I say, “the”.
101:02
Okay, similarlyâ€Ļ
1990
6062560
1760
Okay, similarlyâ€Ļ
101:04
“She is ____ girl.”
1991
6064320
2000
“She is ____ girl.”
101:07
What do I say?
1992
6067200
880
What do I say?
101:09
“a girl.”
1993
6069760
1120
“a girl.”
101:10
We’re talking about her for the first time.
1994
6070880
2560
We're talking about her for the first time.
101:14
Okay.
1995
6074240
480
101:14
And now we’re talking about this girl again, for the second time.
1996
6074720
4400
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
And now we're talking about this girl again, for the second time.
101:19
So, I have to say, “The girl is pretty.”
1997
6079120
4320
So, I have to say, “The girl is pretty.”
101:24
And the last example.
1998
6084880
1440
And the last example.
101:27
“I can see ___ sky.”
1999
6087040
2240
“I can see ___ sky.”
101:30
Now, we only have one sky.
2000
6090560
2160
Now, we only have one sky.
101:33
Rightâ€Ļ
2001
6093280
560
101:33
So, if there’s only one and only, we have to put the article ‘the’.
2002
6093840
5120
Rightâ€Ļ
So, if there's only one and only, we have to put the article 'the'.
101:39
“I can see the sky.”
2003
6099920
2480
“I can see the sky.”
101:43
Okay.
2004
6103840
720
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
101:44
So in this video, we talked about the articles ‘a’, ‘an’ and ‘the’.
2005
6104560
5520
So in this video, we talked about the articles 'a', 'an' and 'the'.
101:50
I hope you understand, and  I’ll see you in the next video.
2006
6110080
3200
I hope you understand, and I'll see you in the next video.
101:53
Bye.
2007
6113280
6560
āĻŦāĻŋāĻĻāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤
102:03
Hi, everybody.
2008
6123120
1360
āĻ¸āĻŦāĻžāĻ‡ āĻ•ā§‡āĻŽāĻ¨ āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡āĻ¨.
102:04
In this video, we’re going to talk about the prepositions: in, on and under.
2009
6124480
6240
In this video, we're going to talk about the prepositions: in, on and under.
102:11
Now, we use prepositions to  show ‘where’ something is.
2010
6131440
3760
Now, we use prepositions to show 'where' something is.
102:15
So, let’s take a look at the board.
2011
6135840
1760
āĻ¸ā§āĻ¤āĻ°āĻžāĻ‚, āĻāĻ° āĻŦā§‹āĻ°ā§āĻĄ āĻ•āĻŸāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻĒāĻžāĻ¤ āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•.
102:18
Okay, now in this picture, we have a cat.
2012
6138560
4080
Okay, now in this picture, we have a cat.
102:22
Okay, and we’re talking about this specific cat, so we have to say, “the cat”.
2013
6142640
5520
Okay, and we're talking about this specific cat, so we have to say, “the cat”.
102:28
Okay. “â€Ļis in the box.”
2014
6148160
3120
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡. “â€Ļis in the box.”
102:31
Okay.
2015
6151280
560
102:31
The preposition is ‘in’.
2016
6151840
1520
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
The preposition is 'in'.
102:34
“He’s ‘in’ the box.” “â€Ļ’in’ the box.”
2017
6154000
4000
“He's 'in' the box.” “â€Ļ'in' the box.”
102:39
Okay.
2018
6159280
320
102:39
And the next one.
2019
6159600
1120
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
And the next one.
102:40
“The cat is onâ€Ļ”
2020
6160720
2640
“The cat is onâ€Ļ”
102:43
The preposition ‘on’â€Ļ “the chair”.
2021
6163360
2400
The preposition 'on'â€Ļ “the chair”.
102:46
“He’s on the chair.”
2022
6166320
1920
“He's on the chair.”
102:49
Okay.
2023
6169600
400
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
102:50
And the next one.
2024
6170000
1200
And the next one.
102:51
“The cat is ‘under’â€Ļ
2025
6171200
2320
“The cat is 'under'â€Ļ
102:54
’under’ the table.”
2026
6174880
1360
'under' the table.”
102:57
“â€Ļ’under’ the table.”
2027
6177200
1520
“â€Ļ'under' the table.”
102:59
Okay.
2028
6179840
960
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
103:00
Let’s look at the next one.
2029
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Let's look at the next one.
103:02
Now we have plural nouns.
2030
6182720
2080
Now we have plural nouns.
103:05
“The apples ‘are’â€Ļ”
2031
6185360
1920
“The apples 'are'â€Ļ”
103:08
Okay. “â€Ļin the box.”
2032
6188000
1840
Okay. “â€Ļin the box.”
103:10
Again, the apples are “â€Ļ’in’ the box.”
2033
6190480
2800
Again, the apples are “â€Ļ'in' the box.”
103:14
Okay.
2034
6194240
320
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
103:15
Next, “The apples are ‘on’ the chair.”
2035
6195120
3600
Next, “The apples are 'on' the chair.”
103:20
And last.
2036
6200240
1040
āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻļā§‡āĻˇā§‡.
103:21
“The apples are ‘under’â€Ļ.’under’ the table.”
2037
6201280
4400
“The apples are 'under'â€Ļ.'under' the table.”
103:26
Okay, let’s look at some more examples.
2038
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2280
Okay, let's look at some more examples.
103:29
Okay, let’s look at some pictures to help us understand the prepositions:
2039
6209160
5160
Okay, let's look at some pictures to help us understand the prepositions:
103:34
in, on, and under.
2040
6214320
2400
in, on, and under.
103:36
I’m going to ask you some questions.
2041
6216720
2160
I'm going to ask you some questions.
103:38
I want you to think about  which one you should use.
2042
6218880
3200
I want you to think about which one you should use.
103:42
Okay.
2043
6222960
240
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
103:44
“Where is the dog?”
2044
6224160
2160
“Where is the dog?”
103:48
“Where is the dog?”
2045
6228560
3280
“Where is the dog?”
103:52
“The dog is ‘in’ the doghouse.
2046
6232800
3360
“The dog is 'in' the doghouse.
103:58
You should use the preposition ‘in’.
2047
6238160
1920
You should use the preposition 'in'.
104:00
“The dog is ‘in’ the doghouse.
2048
6240720
3040
“The dog is 'in' the doghouse.
104:05
“Where is the man?”
2049
6245440
1600
“Where is the man?”
104:09
“Where is the man?”
2050
6249920
1760
“Where is the man?”
104:18
“The man is ‘under’ the umbrella.”
2051
6258080
2960
“The man is 'under' the umbrella.”
104:21
“The man is ‘under’ the umbrella.”
2052
6261040
1600
“The man is 'under' the umbrella.”
104:22
And last.
2053
6262640
640
āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻļā§‡āĻˇā§‡.
104:24
“Where are the girls?”
2054
6264240
1760
“Where are the girls?”
104:28
“Where are the girls?”
2055
6268880
2000
“Where are the girls?”
104:31
“The girls are ‘on’ the bridge.”
2056
6271920
3600
“The girls are 'on' the bridge.”
104:36
“The girls are ‘on’ the bridge.”
2057
6276640
3120
“The girls are 'on' the bridge.”
104:40
Okay.
2058
6280720
720
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
104:41
Let’s look at some more examples.
2059
6281440
1600
Let's look at some more examples.
104:44
Now, we’re going to practice asking and answering questions using: in, on and under.
2060
6284960
7120
Now, we're going to practice asking and answering questions using: in, on and under.
104:52
First, let’s take a look at this picture.
2061
6292800
2480
First, let's take a look at this picture.
104:55
Here we have a rabbit, a chair  and one, two, three snakes.
2062
6295920
6960
Here we have a rabbit, a chair and one, two, three snakes.
105:03
Okay.
2063
6303600
400
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
105:04
So, I will ask a question using in, on or under.
2064
6304560
5440
So, I will ask a question using in, on or under.
105:10
I want you to think.
2065
6310880
1360
I want you to think.
105:12
Is the answer, “Yes, it is.”
2066
6312800
2480
Is the answer, “Yes, it is.”
105:15
or “No, it isn’t.”
2067
6315280
2240
or “No, it isn't.”
105:17
Okay.
2068
6317520
240
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
105:18
Let’s start with the rabbit.
2069
6318400
1840
Let's start with the rabbit.
105:21
“Is the rabbit under the chair?”
2070
6321680
3520
“Is the rabbit under the chair?”
105:28
“No, it isn’t.”
2071
6328080
1760
“No, it isn't.”
105:32
“Is the rabbit in the chair?”
2072
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2800
“Is the rabbit in the chair?”
105:38
“No, it isn’t.”
2073
6338320
1760
“No, it isn't.”
105:41
“Is the rabbit on the chair?” “â€Ļon the chair?”
2074
6341760
4960
“Is the rabbit on the chair?” “â€Ļon the chair?”
105:47
“Yes, it is.”
2075
6347760
1600
“Yes, it is.”
105:50
Okay.
2076
6350880
800
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
105:51
Now, we’re going to move on to the snakes.
2077
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2800
Now, we're going to move on to the snakes.
105:55
Now, there areâ€Ļthere are more than one, right, so it’s plural, so we say,
2078
6355360
4480
Now, there areâ€Ļthere are more than one, right, so it's plural, so we say,
105:59
“Are the snakesâ€Ļ” with an ‘s’.
2079
6359840
2800
“Are the snakesâ€Ļ” with an 's'.
106:03
Okay.
2080
6363200
400
106:03
So again, think.
2081
6363600
1280
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
So again, think.
106:04
Is the answer, “Yes, they are.”
2082
6364880
2560
Is the answer, “Yes, they are.”
106:07
or “No, they aren’t.”
2083
6367440
2000
or “No, they aren't.”
106:11
“Are the snakes in the chair?”
2084
6371040
3360
“Are the snakes in the chair?”
106:18
“No, they aren’t.”
2085
6378320
1600
"āĻ¨āĻž, āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻ¨āĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤"
106:21
“Are the snakes on the chair?”
2086
6381920
3920
“Are the snakes on the chair?”
106:28
“No, they aren’t.”
2087
6388400
1680
"āĻ¨āĻž, āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻ¨āĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤"
106:32
“Are the snakes under the chair?”
2088
6392000
2960
“Are the snakes under the chair?”
106:36
“Yes, they are.”
2089
6396800
1520
"āĻšā§āĻ¯āĻž āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž."
106:39
Okay, how did you do?
2090
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Okay, how did you do?
106:41
I hope you guys understand how to use the 
2091
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2640
I hope you guys understand how to use the
106:44
prepositions; in, on and under  after watching this video.
2092
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prepositions; in, on and under after watching this video.
106:49
Thanks for joining and I’ll see you next time.
2093
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2160
Thanks for joining and I'll see you next time.
106:51
Bye.
2094
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āĻŦāĻŋāĻĻāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤
107:01
Hi, everybody.
2095
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800
āĻ¸āĻŦāĻžāĻ‡ āĻ•ā§‡āĻŽāĻ¨ āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡āĻ¨.
107:02
In this video, we’re going  to talk about adjectives.
2096
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3040
In this video, we're going to talk about adjectives.
107:06
Now, we use adjectives to  describe nouns or things.
2097
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4240
Now, we use adjectives to describe nouns or things.
107:11
Okay, we can describe its size, its color, its shape or other things like that.
2098
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7760
Okay, we can describe its size, its color, its shape or other things like that.
107:19
Okay.
2099
6439200
320
107:19
So let’s take a look at the board.
2100
6439520
2560
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
āĻ¤ā§‹ āĻšāĻ˛ā§āĻ¨ āĻŦā§‹āĻ°ā§āĻĄ āĻĻā§‡āĻ–ā§‡ āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•āĨ¤
107:22
The first noun we’re going to use is ‘marker’.
2101
6442080
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The first noun we're going to use is 'marker'.
107:25
“It’s a marker.”
2102
6445840
1120
“It's a marker.”
107:27
Now, I want to use an adjective  to describe the color.
2103
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4400
Now, I want to use an adjective to describe the color.
107:32
I'm going to say, “It’s a ‘black’ marker.”
2104
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3360
I'm going to say, “It's a 'black' marker.”
107:37
‘Black’ is the adjective.
2105
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1840
'Black' is the adjective.
107:39
Now notice, I have to put the adjective after the article ‘a’, but before the noun ‘marker’.
2106
6459920
8560
Now notice, I have to put the adjective after the article 'a', but before the noun 'marker'.
107:49
“It’s a black marker.”
2107
6469200
2160
“It's a black marker.”
107:52
Now, I can use another  adjective to describe its size.
2108
6472240
3920
Now, I can use another adjective to describe its size.
107:56
“It’s a long marker.”
2109
6476800
1760
“It's a long marker.”
107:59
Okay.
2110
6479520
560
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
108:00
Let’s try the next one.
2111
6480080
1840
āĻāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°ā§‡āĻ°āĻŸāĻŋ āĻšā§‡āĻˇā§āĻŸāĻž āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•āĨ¤
108:01
Here we have a bird.
2112
6481920
1760
Here we have a bird.
108:03
So, “It’s a bird.”
2113
6483680
1520
So, “It's a bird.”
108:06
Okay.
2114
6486240
720
108:06
I want to use another adjective  to describe the color.
2115
6486960
3840
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
I want to use another adjective to describe the color.
108:11
So, I’m going to say, “It’s a blue bird.”
2116
6491360
3120
So, I'm going to say, “It's a blue bird.”
108:15
Again, you have to put the adjective after the article, before the noun.
2117
6495760
5520
Again, you have to put the adjective after the article, before the noun.
108:22
I can also describe its size.
2118
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2400
I can also describe its size.
108:24
“It’s a small bird.”
2119
6504720
2000
“It's a small bird.”
108:27
‘Small’ is another adjective.
2120
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2560
'Small' is another adjective.
108:31
Now, at the last part, we have some apples.
2121
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3600
Now, at the last part, we have some apples.
108:35
Three apples.
2122
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1360
Three apples.
108:36
Okay, remember, when we have more than one noun, it’s called a plural noun.
2123
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Okay, remember, when we have more than one noun, it's called a plural noun.
108:42
So, we have to say, “They’re apples.”, with an ‘s’.
2124
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6249
So, we have to say, “They're apples.”, with an 's'.
108:48
“They’re apples.”
2125
6528408
472
108:48
I want to use the adjective ‘red’ to describe the color of these apples.
2126
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5520
“They're apples.”
I want to use the adjective 'red' to describe the color of these apples.
108:54
So, I’m going to say, “They’re red apples.”
2127
6534400
4160
So, I'm going to say, “They're red apples.”
108:59
Okay.
2128
6539360
720
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
109:00
Here, there’s no article.
2129
6540080
2160
Here, there's no article.
109:02
There’s no ‘a’.
2130
6542240
1440
There's no 'a'.
109:03
That’s because there’s more than one.
2131
6543680
1760
That's because there's more than one.
109:06
“They’re red apples.”
2132
6546160
1920
“They're red apples.”
109:08
So, I just have to put the adjective before the noun that it’s describing.
2133
6548080
6000
So, I just have to put the adjective before the noun that it's describing.
109:14
“They’re red apples.”
2134
6554080
2080
“They're red apples.”
109:16
Okay, let’s move on to some more examples.
2135
6556880
2320
Okay, let's move on to some more examples.
109:21
Okay. Now we’re going to  practice asking and answering 
2136
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3920
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡. Now we're going to practice asking and answering
109:25
questions using adjectives.
2137
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2080
questions using adjectives.
109:28
Okay.
2138
6568720
400
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
109:29
So, we have a man here.
2139
6569760
2640
So, we have a man here.
109:32
I want to ask, “Is he a small man?”
2140
6572400
3680
I want to ask, “Is he a small man?”
109:36
Okay.
2141
6576800
880
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
109:37
We have the adjective ‘small’.
2142
6577680
2160
We have the adjective 'small'.
109:40
Notice, even in a question,
2143
6580880
2640
Notice, even in a question,
109:43
we have to put the adjective after  the article and before the noun.
2144
6583520
5280
we have to put the adjective after the article and before the noun.
109:49
“Is he a small man?”
2145
6589520
1680
“Is he a small man?”
109:51
Well, let’s take a look at this picture.
2146
6591760
2160
Well, let's take a look at this picture.
109:55
The answer is, “No, he’s a _____ man.”
2147
6595360
4480
The answer is, “No, he's a _____ man.”
110:00
We need another adjective.
2148
6600480
1680
We need another adjective.
110:02
He’s not a small man.
2149
6602880
2240
He's not a small man.
110:05
So, we have to say “No, he’s aâ€Ļ
2150
6605120
4720
So, we have to say “No, he's aâ€Ļ
110:11
big man.”
2151
6611600
1200
big man.”
110:12
Okay.
2152
6612800
480
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
110:13
We’re going to use the adjective ‘big’.
2153
6613280
2000
We're going to use the adjective 'big'.
110:16
Okay, let’s look at the next one.
2154
6616240
1600
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡, āĻāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°ā§‡āĻ°āĻŸāĻŋ āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻŋāĨ¤
110:18
“Is it a _____ table?”
2155
6618640
2160
“Is it a _____ table?”
110:21
The answer is “Yes, it is.”
2156
6621680
2720
The answer is “Yes, it is.”
110:25
We need an adjective to describe color, shape or size or something.
2157
6625360
6160
We need an adjective to describe color, shape or size or something.
110:32
Well, we can’t really describe the color.
2158
6632080
3120
Well, we can't really describe the color.
110:35
So, I think we should try the shape.
2159
6635200
2720
So, I think we should try the shape.
110:37
Okay.
2160
6637920
400
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
110:38
Well, “Is it aâ€Ļ.
2161
6638880
1760
Well, “Is it aâ€Ļ.
110:42
round table?”
2162
6642160
2160
round table?”
110:45
And the answer is “Yes, it is.”
2163
6645520
2240
And the answer is “Yes, it is.”
110:48
Okay, and last, we have two dresses.
2164
6648720
3120
Okay, and last, we have two dresses.
110:52
Okay. So that means the noun is plural.
2165
6652640
2400
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡. So that means the noun is plural.
110:56
In that case, for the  questions, we begin with ‘are’.
2166
6656000
3520
In that case, for the questions, we begin with 'are'.
111:00
“Are they red dresses?”
2167
6660480
2160
“Are they red dresses?”
111:03
Okay, the adjective is ‘red’.
2168
6663520
2640
Okay, the adjective is 'red'.
111:06
But, “Are they red dresses?”
2169
6666160
2240
But, “Are they red dresses?”
111:09
“No, they’reâ€Ļ
2170
6669520
1520
“No, they'reâ€Ļ
111:12
blue dresses.”
2171
6672480
1360
blue dresses.”
111:14
Okay.
2172
6674640
400
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
111:15
“No, they’reâ€Ļblue dresses.”
2173
6675600
2400
“No, they'reâ€Ļblue dresses.”
111:18
Okay.
2174
6678880
720
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
111:19
So, in this video, we learned about adjectives.
2175
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2720
So, in this video, we learned about adjectives.
111:22
I hope you guys understand.
2176
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1680
I hope you guys understand.
111:24
And I’ll see you in the next video.
2177
6684000
2000
And I'll see you in the next video.
111:26
Bye.
2178
6686000
7840
āĻŦāĻŋāĻĻāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤
111:36
This is a check-up video for articles,  prepositions, and adjectives.
2179
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This is a check-up video for articles, prepositions, and adjectives.
111:41
I’ve written some sentences on the board.
2180
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2640
I've written some sentences on the board.
111:44
Let’s try to finish them together.
2181
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3680
Let's try to finish them together.
111:47
Okay.
2182
6707840
400
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
111:48
The first sentence says, “It’s __ ___umbrella.”
2183
6708240
4400
The first sentence says, “It's __ ___umbrella.”
111:53
Okay.
2184
6713280
800
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
111:54
We have the noun.
2185
6714080
1520
We have the noun.
111:55
We need an article and an  adjective to describe the umbrella.
2186
6715600
4720
We need an article and an adjective to describe the umbrella.
112:00
Okay.
2187
6720320
640
112:00
So here it is.
2188
6720960
880
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
So here it is.
112:02
Let’s describe the color.
2189
6722880
1680
Let's describe the color.
112:05
Okay.
2190
6725200
240
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
112:06
We would say ‘black’.
2191
6726000
1680
We would say 'black'.
112:09
Remember, the adjective comes before the noun.
2192
6729360
3360
Remember, the adjective comes before the noun.
112:13
Now we need an article.
2193
6733920
2320
Now we need an article.
112:16
And the correct article is ‘a’.
2194
6736240
1680
And the correct article is 'a'.
112:18
“It’s a black umbrella.”
2195
6738560
1920
“It's a black umbrella.”
112:21
Okay.
2196
6741440
480
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
112:22
Next, “It’s ___ ___ ___.”
2197
6742480
2640
Next, “It's ___ ___ ___.”
112:25
We have three blanks.
2198
6745120
1280
We have three blanks.
112:27
Here, we have the noun ‘ant’.
2199
6747280
2400
Here, we have the noun 'ant'.
112:30
So, we’re going to put that at the end.
2200
6750480
2400
So, we're going to put that at the end.
112:33
Okay.
2201
6753760
640
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
112:34
Let’s use the adjective ugly.
2202
6754400
2160
Let's use the adjective ugly.
112:37
Okay.
2203
6757120
800
112:37
Remember, again, the adjective  comes before the noun.
2204
6757920
4480
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
Remember, again, the adjective comes before the noun.
112:42
“â€Ļugly ant.”
2205
6762400
1760
“â€Ļugly ant.”
112:44
“It’s __ ugly ant.”
2206
6764160
1600
“It's __ ugly ant.”
112:46
We need an article.
2207
6766560
1120
We need an article.
112:48
Should we use ‘a’ or ‘an’?
2208
6768320
2160
Should we use 'a' or 'an'?
112:51
Well, ‘ugly’ starts with the vowel ‘u’, so we have to say ‘an’.
2209
6771680
4800
Well, 'ugly' starts with the vowel 'u', so we have to say 'an'.
112:57
“It’s an ugly ant.”
2210
6777200
1840
“It's an ugly ant.”
113:00
Next.
2211
6780800
800
āĻĒāĻ°āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§€.
113:01
“It’s __ __ __.”
2212
6781600
2240
“It's __ __ __.”
113:03
Okay.
2213
6783840
560
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
113:04
We have the noun ‘car’.
2214
6784400
1920
We have the noun 'car'.
113:07
So, we put that at the end.
2215
6787280
1680
So, we put that at the end.
113:10
Again, let’s use an adjective  that describes the color.
2216
6790240
3840
Again, let's use an adjective that describes the color.
113:14
Let’s use ‘blue’.
2217
6794800
1440
Let's use 'blue'.
113:18
Okay.
2218
6798400
240
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
113:19
What article should we use?
2219
6799280
1600
What article should we use?
113:22
We have to say “a”.
2220
6802160
1120
We have to say “a”.
113:23
“It’s a blue car.”
2221
6803920
1920
“It's a blue car.”
113:26
Okay, and last.
2222
6806800
1040
Okay, and last.
113:28
“I __ ___ nice girl.”
2223
6808560
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“I __ ___ nice girl.”
113:30
That’s me.
2224
6810960
560
That's me.
113:32
We have the noun ‘girl’â€Ļand the adjective ‘nice’.
2225
6812320
3520
We have the noun 'girl'â€Ļand the adjective 'nice'.
113:36
So, we need the article.
2226
6816400
1600
So, we need the article.
113:38
We’re going to say “a”.
2227
6818560
1280
We're going to say “a”.
113:41
Now, we’re missing one more thing.
2228
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1600
Now, we're missing one more thing.
113:43
We need the ‘be’ verb ‘am’.
2229
6823360
2000
We need the 'be' verb 'am'.
113:46
“I am a nice girl.”
2230
6826160
1920
“I am a nice girl.”
113:49
Okay, let’s move on to the next part.
2231
6829360
1920
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡, āĻāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§€ āĻ…āĻ‚āĻļā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•āĨ¤
113:52
Okay, let’s continue with the checkup.
2232
6832560
2000
Okay, let's continue with the checkup.
113:55
Here’s a picture.
2233
6835280
1360
Here's a picture.
113:56
Okay.
2234
6836640
480
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
113:57
Look at it carefully.
2235
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Look at it carefully.
113:59
“What is it?”
2236
6839120
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“What is it?”
114:01
“What is it?”
2237
6841520
640
“What is it?”
114:03
“It’s __ banana.”
2238
6843440
2000
“It's __ banana.”
114:06
We need an article here.
2239
6846400
1440
We need an article here.
114:08
And it’s the first time I’m talking about this, so we’re going to say “a”.
2240
6848720
5680
And it's the first time I'm talking about this, so we're going to say “a”.
114:15
“It’s a banana.”
2241
6855120
1680
“It's a banana.”
114:18
“Where is ___ banana?”
2242
6858240
2240
“Where is ___ banana?”
114:21
Now, you know, I’m talking about this one.
2243
6861760
4000
Now, you know, I'm talking about this one.
114:25
It’s specific.
2244
6865760
1280
It's specific.
114:27
So, I’m going to use the article ‘the’.
2245
6867760
2880
So, I'm going to use the article 'the'.
114:32
“Where is the banana?”
2246
6872000
4080
“Where is the banana?”
114:36
Okay. And now, let’s think about the preposition.
2247
6876080
3120
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡. And now, let's think about the preposition.
114:39
“It’s __ the chair.”
2248
6879760
2080
“It's __ the chair.”
114:45
We need to use the preposition ‘on’.
2249
6885040
2480
We need to use the preposition 'on'.
114:48
“It’s on the chair.”
2250
6888320
2320
“It's on the chair.”
114:52
Okay.
2251
6892000
320
114:52
Let’s move on.
2252
6892880
800
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
āĻšāĻ˛ āĻāĻ—ā§‹āĻ‡.
114:54
“What are they?”
2253
6894400
640
“What are they?”
114:56
Okay.
2254
6896720
320
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
114:58
“They’re ____ oranges.”
2255
6898560
2240
“They're ____ oranges.”
115:02
Okay.
2256
6902000
240
115:02
We have more than one.
2257
6902800
1040
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
We have more than one.
115:04
That’s why we said, “They areâ€Ļthey’re” and “oranges” â€Ļwith an ‘s’.
2258
6904400
4880
That's why we said, “They areâ€Ļthey're” and “oranges” â€Ļwith an 's'.
115:10
Okay.
2259
6910160
320
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
115:11
Can we use ‘the’?
2260
6911040
1360
Can we use 'the'?
115:13
No, you don’t know what oranges I’m talking about because it’s the first time I said
2261
6913840
6400
No, you don't know what oranges I'm talking about because it's the first time I said
115:20
anything about them.
2262
6920240
1280
anything about them.
115:22
Then, can I use ‘a’ or ‘an’?
2263
6922880
2320
Then, can I use 'a' or 'an'?
115:26
No, ‘a’ or ‘an’ is used for any one thing.
2264
6926320
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No, 'a' or 'an' is used for any one thing.
115:30
So here we do not need any article.
2265
6930560
3120
So here we do not need any article.
115:37
“They’re oranges.”
2266
6937840
1200
“They're oranges.”
115:39
“What are they?”
2267
6939040
655
115:39
“They’re oranges.”
2268
6939695
785
“What are they?”
“They're oranges.”
115:40
Okay.
2269
6940480
320
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
115:41
“Where __ __ oranges?”
2270
6941600
2400
“Where __ __ oranges?”
115:45
Okay.
2271
6945280
960
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
115:46
Now, again, you know I’m talking about these specific oranges, so we use ‘the’.
2272
6946240
7920
Now, again, you know I'm talking about these specific oranges, so we use 'the'.
115:55
“Where __ the oranges?”
2273
6955200
2400
“Where __ the oranges?”
115:58
Okay, remember, when you ask a question with plural, you need ‘are’.
2274
6958160
5920
Okay, remember, when you ask a question with plural, you need 'are'.
116:05
“Where are the oranges?”
2275
6965200
2320
“Where are the oranges?”
116:08
Okay.
2276
6968800
640
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
116:09
Now, let’s think about the preposition.
2277
6969440
2160
Now, let's think about the preposition.
116:12
“They’re ___ the chair.”
2278
6972400
2080
“They're ___ the chair.”
116:18
Okay.
2279
6978080
720
116:18
The preposition we need is ‘under’.
2280
6978800
2800
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
The preposition we need is 'under'.
116:23
Okay.
2281
6983360
720
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
116:24
They’re not ‘on’, “they’re ‘under’ the chair.”
2282
6984080
4160
They're not 'on', “they're 'under' the chair.”
116:28
Okay, let’s move on to the last part.
2283
6988240
1840
Okay, let's move on to the last part.
116:31
Okay, let’s continue with the checkup.
2284
6991280
2560
Okay, let's continue with the checkup.
116:34
Now, we have two short stories here.
2285
6994400
3280
Now, we have two short stories here.
116:37
You have to help me find the mistakes.
2286
6997680
2560
You have to help me find the mistakes.
116:41
The first sentence says, “It’s snake.”
2287
7001120
3440
The first sentence says, “It's snake.”
116:45
Well, we’re missing an article.
2288
7005440
2480
Well, we're missing an article.
116:47
Okay.
2289
7007920
640
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
116:48
And that article is ‘a’.
2290
7008560
1760
And that article is 'a'.
116:51
“It’s a snake.”
2291
7011120
1280
“It's a snake.”
116:53
Okay.
2292
7013440
240
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
116:54
“It’s blue a snake.”
2293
7014880
1920
“It's blue a snake.”
116:58
Can you find the mistake?
2294
7018080
1360
āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ­ā§āĻ˛ āĻ–ā§āĻāĻœā§‡ āĻĒā§‡āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡āĻ¨?
117:00
Okay.
2295
7020880
880
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
117:01
Remember, the adjective ‘blue’ has to go between the article and the noun.
2296
7021760
7120
Remember, the adjective 'blue' has to go between the article and the noun.
117:09
So, we have to move the article to the front.
2297
7029440
3360
So, we have to move the article to the front.
117:13
“It’s a blue snake.”
2298
7033520
2240
“It's a blue snake.”
117:16
That is the correct answer.
2299
7036480
1600
That is the correct answer.
117:18
“It’s a blue snake.”
2300
7038080
2400
“It's a blue snake.”
117:21
Okay, the next one.
2301
7041360
1600
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡, āĻĒāĻ°ā§‡āĻ°āĻŸāĻžāĨ¤
117:22
“The snake under the box.”
2302
7042960
2480
“The snake under the box.”
117:26
It sounds right.
2303
7046480
1120
It sounds right.
117:28
“The snake under the box.”,
2304
7048160
2320
“The snake under the box.”,
117:30
but we forgot the ‘be’ verb.
2305
7050480
2240
but we forgot the 'be' verb.
117:33
“The snake is under the box.”
2306
7053360
4960
“The snake is under the box.”
117:38
Okay, let’s move on to the next story.
2307
7058320
2480
Okay, let's move on to the next story.
117:41
“It’s a octopus.”
2308
7061760
2080
“It's a octopus.”
117:44
Okay, we have an article, but octopus starts with the vowel ‘o’.
2309
7064880
5680
Okay, we have an article, but octopus starts with the vowel 'o'.
117:51
So, we have to use ‘an’.
2310
7071440
1760
So, we have to use 'an'.
117:54
“It’s an octopus.”
2311
7074080
2000
“It's an octopus.”
117:57
“An octopus is big.”
2312
7077680
2320
“An octopus is big.”
118:00
Hmmmâ€Ļ
2313
7080920
1000
Hmmmâ€Ļ
118:01
This one’s a little bit hard.
2314
7081920
1920
This one's a little bit hard.
118:03
But remember, we’re talking about the same octopus.
2315
7083840
4480
But remember, we're talking about the same octopus.
118:08
So now, this octopus is specific.
2316
7088320
3440
So now, this octopus is specific.
118:12
So, we have to change the article ‘an’ to ‘the’.
2317
7092480
4560
So, we have to change the article 'an' to 'the'.
118:18
“The octopus is big.”
2318
7098880
2000
“The octopus is big.”
118:21
The octopus from the first sentence.
2319
7101680
2400
The octopus from the first sentence.
118:25
Last, “The octopus are under the chair.”
2320
7105520
3760
Last, “The octopus are under the chair.”
118:30
What’s the mistake?
2321
7110720
1040
What's the mistake?
118:33
“The octopusâ€Ļ”
2322
7113120
720
“The octopusâ€Ļ”
118:34
There’s only one.
2323
7114720
1200
There's only one.
118:36
So, we don’t use ‘are’, we have to say “is”.
2324
7116720
3600
So, we don't use 'are', we have to say “is”.
118:41
“The octopus is under the chair.”
2325
7121040
3520
“The octopus is under the chair.”
118:45
Okay.
2326
7125600
720
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
118:46
So that was our checkup for articles,  prepositions and adjectives.
2327
7126320
4880
So that was our checkup for articles, prepositions and adjectives.
118:51
I hope you guys understand better and I’ll see you in the next video.
2328
7131200
3920
I hope you guys understand better and I'll see you in the next video.
118:55
Thank you.
2329
7135120
640
118:55
Bye.
2330
7135760
6080
āĻ§āĻ¨ā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻžāĻĻ.
āĻŦāĻŋāĻĻāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤
119:05
Hi, everybody.
2331
7145280
800
āĻ¸āĻŦāĻžāĻ‡ āĻ•ā§‡āĻŽāĻ¨ āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡āĻ¨.
119:06
In this video, we’re going  to learn ‘have’ and ‘has’.
2332
7146800
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āĻāĻ‡ āĻ­āĻŋāĻĄāĻŋāĻ“āĻ¤ā§‡, āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž 'have' āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ 'has' āĻļāĻŋāĻ–āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻšā§āĻ›āĻŋāĨ¤
119:11
Now we use ‘have’ or ‘has’ to show possession.
2333
7151360
4480
āĻāĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻĻāĻ–āĻ˛ āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻžāĻ¨ā§‹āĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ 'have' āĻŦāĻž 'has' āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋāĨ¤
119:16
To show something belongs to you.
2334
7156560
2480
āĻ•āĻŋāĻ›ā§ āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻžāĻ¨ā§‹ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ° āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻ°ā§āĻ—āĻ¤.
119:19
Okay.
2335
7159680
320
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
119:20
So, let’s take a look at the board.
2336
7160560
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āĻ¸ā§āĻ¤āĻ°āĻžāĻ‚, āĻāĻ° āĻŦā§‹āĻ°ā§āĻĄ āĻ•āĻŸāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻĒāĻžāĻ¤ āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•.
119:23
Okay.
2337
7163760
320
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
119:24
When you’re talking about ‘you’, or me, we say, “I haveâ€Ļ”
2338
7164720
5120
When you're talking about 'you', or me, we say, “I haveâ€Ļ”
119:30
Okay.
2339
7170880
720
Okay.
119:31
If something belongs to a boy or man, we say, “He hasâ€Ļ”
2340
7171600
5040
If something belongs to a boy or man, we say, “He hasâ€Ļ”
119:38
For a girl or a woman.
2341
7178160
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For a girl or a woman.
119:40
“She hasâ€Ļ”
2342
7180400
1280
"āĻ¤āĻžāĻ° āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡..."
119:43
For an animal or thing.
2343
7183200
1840
āĻ•ā§‹āĻ¨ā§‹ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻžāĻŖā§€ āĻŦāĻž āĻœāĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¸ā§‡āĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯āĨ¤
119:45
“It hasâ€Ļ”
2344
7185680
1120
"āĻāĻŸāĻž āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡..."
119:48
For you, “You haveâ€Ļ”
2345
7188720
2400
āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯, "āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ° āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡..."
119:52
For us.
2346
7192720
800
āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯āĨ¤
119:53
Me and some other people.
2347
7193520
1920
āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ†āĻ°ā§‹ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ›ā§ āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻˇ.
119:55
We say, “We haveâ€Ļ”
2348
7195440
2720
We say, “We haveâ€Ļ”
119:58
Okay, and some other people.
2349
7198160
1600
Okay, and some other people.
120:00
“They haveâ€Ļ”
2350
7200640
880
“They haveâ€Ļ”
120:02
Okay.
2351
7202560
640
Okay.
120:03
This is very easy, you just have to remember it.
2352
7203200
3600
This is very easy, you just have to remember it.
120:06
Okay.
2353
7206800
800
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
120:07
So, let’s practice with these pictures.
2354
7207600
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So, let's practice with these pictures.
120:11
Here we have a rabbitâ€Ļ
2355
7211280
1760
Here we have a rabbitâ€Ļ
120:13
and a carrot.
2356
7213760
1440
and a carrot.
120:16
So, which one do we have to use?
2357
7216320
2400
So, which one do we have to use?
120:19
Well, a rabbit is an animal.
2358
7219680
2880
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡, āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ–āĻ°āĻ—ā§‹āĻļ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻžāĻŖā§€āĨ¤
120:22
So, we have to use ‘it’.
2359
7222560
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So, we have to use 'it'.
120:24
“It has a carrot.”
2360
7224800
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"āĻāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ—āĻžāĻœāĻ° āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤"
120:28
Again, “It has a carrot.”
2361
7228320
3040
āĻ†āĻŦāĻžāĻ°, "āĻāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ—āĻžāĻœāĻ° āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤"
120:32
Now, in this picture, we have two ants.
2362
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āĻāĻ–āĻ¨, āĻāĻ‡ āĻ›āĻŦāĻŋāĻ¤ā§‡, āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻĻā§āĻŸāĻŋ āĻĒāĻŋāĻāĻĒāĻĄāĻŧāĻž āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
120:36
Okay.
2363
7236800
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
120:37
So, for two things we have to use ‘they’.
2364
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So, for two things we have to use 'they'.
120:42
Okay.
2365
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
120:43
So, here are two ants and an apple.
2366
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So, here are two ants and an apple.
120:46
So, we’re going to say, “They have an apple.”
2367
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āĻ¸ā§āĻ¤āĻ°āĻžāĻ‚, āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻšā§āĻ›āĻŋ, "āĻ¤āĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ†āĻĒā§‡āĻ˛ āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤"
120:51
“They have an apple.”
2368
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"āĻ¤āĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ†āĻĒā§‡āĻ˛ āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤"
120:54
Okay, let’s move on to some more practice.
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Okay, let's move on to some more practice.
120:58
Let’s do some practice together.
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Let's do some practice together.
121:01
You have to think about if we should use ‘have’ or ‘has’ in the blanks.
2371
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻ–āĻžāĻ˛āĻŋ āĻœāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĻ—āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ 'have' āĻŦāĻž 'has' āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻ‰āĻšāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨āĻž āĻ¤āĻž āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ•ā§‡ āĻ­āĻžāĻŦāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻŦā§‡āĨ¤
121:06
Okay.
2372
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
121:07
So, let’s look at the first one.
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So, let's look at the first one.
121:09
“The girl ‘blank’ long hair.”
2374
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"āĻŽā§‡āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻŸāĻŋ 'āĻ–āĻžāĻ˛āĻŋ' āĻ˛āĻŽā§āĻŦāĻž āĻšā§āĻ˛āĨ¤"
121:12
Okay.
2375
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
121:13
Now, ‘the girl’.
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Now, 'the girl'.
121:15
We can we use instead of the girl?
2377
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We can we use instead of the girl?
121:18
We can say “she”.
2378
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°āĻŋ "āĻ¸ā§‡"āĨ¤
121:21
“She” then what do we say?
2379
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"āĻ¸ā§‡" āĻ¤āĻžāĻšāĻ˛ā§‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ•āĻŋ āĻŦāĻ˛āĻŦ?
121:24
“Has.”
2380
7284240
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"āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤"
121:25
“She has long hair.”
2381
7285920
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"āĻ¤āĻžāĻ° āĻ˛āĻŽā§āĻŦāĻž āĻšā§āĻ˛ āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤"
121:28
Orâ€Ļ
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121:28
“The girl has long hair.”
2383
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āĻ…āĻĨāĻŦāĻž...
"āĻŽā§‡āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻŸāĻŋāĻ° āĻšā§āĻ˛ āĻ˛āĻŽā§āĻŦāĻžāĨ¤"
121:30
It’s the same.
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āĻāĻŸāĻž āĻāĻ•āĻ‡.
121:32
Okay.
2385
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
121:33
The next one.
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The next one.
121:34
“The boysâ€Ļ”
2387
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"āĻ›ā§‡āĻ˛ā§‡..."
121:36
Now, there’s an ‘s’ here.
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āĻāĻ–āĻ¨, āĻāĻ–āĻžāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ 's' āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤
121:37
That means there’s more than one boy.
2389
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āĻ¤āĻžāĻ° āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻāĻ•āĻžāĻ§āĻŋāĻ• āĻ›ā§‡āĻ˛ā§‡ āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤
121:41
When we have more than one thing, what do we use?
2390
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āĻ¯āĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻāĻ•āĻžāĻ§āĻŋāĻ• āĻœāĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¸ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•ā§‡, āĻ¤āĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ•ā§€ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻŦ?
121:45
“They.”
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"āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻžāĨ¤"
121:46
Okay.
2392
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
121:47
“Theyâ€Ļ”
2393
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“Theyâ€Ļ”
121:49
Do we say ‘have’ or ‘has’?
2394
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Do we say 'have' or 'has'?
121:52
We have to say “have”.
2395
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻŦā§‡ "āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ›ā§‡"āĨ¤
121:56
“They have caps.”
2396
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"āĻ¤āĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻ•ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻĒ āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤"
121:57
Orâ€Ļ
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āĻ…āĻĨāĻŦāĻž...
121:58
“The boys have caps.”
2398
7318480
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"āĻ›ā§‡āĻ˛ā§‡āĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻ•ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻĒ āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤"
122:01
Okay, the next one’s easier.
2399
7321280
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Okay, the next one's easier.
122:03
“Iâ€Ļ”
2400
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"āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ..."
122:05
When we have ‘I’, we say “have”.
2401
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āĻ¯āĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° 'āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ' āĻĨāĻžāĻ•ā§‡, āĻ¤āĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻŦāĻ˛āĻŋ "have"āĨ¤
122:09
“I have a friend.”
2402
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"āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻāĻ•āĻœāĻ¨ āĻŦāĻ¨ā§āĻ§ā§ āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡."
122:12
Okay, the next one is also easy.
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Okay, the next one is also easy.
122:15
“Heâ€Ļ”
2404
7335120
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"āĻ¸ā§‡..."
122:16
“He ‘blank’ an umbrella.”
2405
7336480
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"āĻ¸ā§‡ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ›āĻžāĻ¤āĻž 'āĻ–āĻžāĻ˛āĻŋ'āĨ¤"
122:20
What do we have to use?
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ•āĻŋ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻŦā§‡?
122:22
“Has.”
2407
7342880
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"āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤"
122:24
“He has an umbrella.”
2408
7344240
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"āĻ¤āĻžāĻ° āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻž āĻ›āĻžāĻ¤āĻž āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤"
122:27
Okay, the next one says, “The dog ‘blank’ a bone.”
2409
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Okay, the next one says, “The dog 'blank' a bone.”
122:33
“The dogâ€Ļ”
2410
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"āĻ•ā§āĻ•ā§āĻ°..."
122:34
What do we use for animals?
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻĒāĻļā§āĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ•āĻŋ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋ?
122:37
“It.”
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"āĻāĻŸāĻžāĨ¤"
122:39
“Itâ€Ļ
2413
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“Itâ€Ļ
122:41
has a bone.”
2414
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has a bone.”
122:43
Orâ€Ļ “The dog has a bone.”
2415
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Orâ€Ļ “The dog has a bone.”
122:47
And last.
2416
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āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻļā§‡āĻˇā§‡.
122:48
“My mother and I ‘blank’ a car.”
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"āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻŽāĻž āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ—āĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋ 'āĻ–āĻžāĻ˛āĻŋ' āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋāĨ¤"
122:53
Okay, this one’s tricky.
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Okay, this one's tricky.
122:55
“My mother and Iâ€Ļ”
2419
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"āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻŽāĻž āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ..."
122:58
We have to say “we”.
2420
7378000
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻŦā§‡ "āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž"āĨ¤
123:04
“Weâ€Ļhaveâ€Ļa car.”
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"āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ°...āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ—āĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋ āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤"
123:06
“My mother and I have a car.”
2422
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"āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻŽāĻž āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ—āĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋ āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤"
123:10
Okay.
2423
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
123:11
So, I hope you understand how to use ‘have’ and ‘has’.
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So, I hope you understand how to use 'have' and 'has'.
123:15
And I’ll see you in the next video.
2425
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And I'll see you in the next video.
123:16
Bye.
2426
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āĻŦāĻŋāĻĻāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤
123:26
Hi, everybody.
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āĻ¸āĻŦāĻžāĻ‡ āĻ•ā§‡āĻŽāĻ¨ āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡āĻ¨.
123:27
In this video, we’re going to learn negatives with ‘have’ and ‘has’.
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In this video, we're going to learn negatives with 'have' and 'has'.
123:32
Now this also pretty easy.
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Now this also pretty easy.
123:35
You just have to remember everything that I wrote.
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You just have to remember everything that I wrote.
123:38
Okay.
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
123:39
So, let’s take a look at the board.
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āĻ¸ā§āĻ¤āĻ°āĻžāĻ‚, āĻāĻ° āĻŦā§‹āĻ°ā§āĻĄ āĻ•āĻŸāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻĒāĻžāĻ¤ āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•.
123:42
Okay, first, for ‘I’, we use, “I don’t haveâ€Ļ”
2433
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Okay, first, for 'I', we use, “I don't haveâ€Ļ”
123:48
Remember, ‘don’t’ is a contraction for ‘do not’.
2434
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Remember, 'don't' is a contraction for 'do not'.
123:53
“I don’t haveâ€Ļ”
2435
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“I don't haveâ€Ļ”
123:57
For ‘he, ‘she’ and ‘it’, we use ‘doesn’t have’.
2436
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For 'he, 'she' and 'it', we use 'doesn't have'.
124:04
‘Doesn’t’ is a contraction for ‘does not’.
2437
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'Doesn't' is a contraction for 'does not'.
124:08
“He doesn’t haveâ€Ļ”
2438
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“He doesn't haveâ€Ļ”
124:15
“She doesn’t haveâ€Ļ”
2439
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“She doesn't haveâ€Ļ”
124:16
“It doesn’t haveâ€Ļ”
2440
7456454
746
“It doesn't haveâ€Ļ”
124:17
Now on the bottom.
2441
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Now on the bottom.
124:18
For ‘you’, ‘we’, ‘they’, it’s the same as ‘I’.
2442
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For 'you', 'we', 'they', it's the same as 'I'.
124:24
We use ‘don’t have’.
2443
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We use 'don't have'.
124:27
“You don’t haveâ€Ļ”
2444
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“You don't haveâ€Ļ”
124:29
“We don’t haveâ€Ļ” and “They don’t haveâ€Ļ”
2445
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“We don't haveâ€Ļ” and “They don't haveâ€Ļ”
124:34
So, let’s look at these pictures.
2446
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So, let's look at these pictures.
124:36
Remember, we have a rabbit and a carrot.
2447
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Remember, we have a rabbit and a carrot.
124:39
So, we said, “It has a carrot.”
2448
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So, we said, “It has a carrot.”
124:43
Okay, but, we’re doing  negatives, so we have to say,
2449
7483440
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Okay, but, we're doing negatives, so we have to say,
124:47
“It doesn’t have a cake.”
2450
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“It doesn't have a cake.”
124:54
“It doesn’t have a cake.”
2451
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“It doesn't have a cake.”
124:56
Okay.
2452
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
124:57
Now here, we have the ants and an apple.
2453
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Now here, we have the ants and an apple.
125:00
So, we said, “They have an apple.”
2454
7500720
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So, we said, “They have an apple.”
125:04
Okay.
2455
7504560
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
125:05
But for this banana here, we have to say, “They don’t have a banana.”
2456
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But for this banana here, we have to say, “They don't have a banana.”
125:13
“They don’t have a banana.”
2457
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“They don't have a banana.”
125:16
Okay, let’s move on to some more practice.
2458
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Okay, let's move on to some more practice.
125:20
Now let’s try this practice with the negatives ‘doesn’t have’ and ‘don’t have’ together.
2459
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Now let's try this practice with the negatives 'doesn't have' and 'don't have' together.
125:26
Now this is a little easy because we know that the second word is have.
2460
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Now this is a little easy because we know that the second word is have.
125:32
All you have to think is should  we use ‘doesn’t’ or ‘don’t’.
2461
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All you have to think is should we use 'doesn't' or 'don't'.
125:36
Okay.
2462
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400
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
125:37
So, I’m just going to put ‘have’ her first.
2463
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So, I'm just going to put 'have' her first.
125:40
Okay.
2464
7540960
240
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
125:41
“She ‘blank’ have short hair.”
2465
7541920
3200
“She 'blank' have short hair.”
125:46
Should we use ‘don’t’ or ‘doesn’t’?
2466
7546000
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Should we use 'don't' or 'doesn't'?
125:49
If you remember, for ‘she’, we use ‘doesn’t’.
2467
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If you remember, for 'she', we use 'doesn't'.
125:55
“She doesn’t have short hair.”
2468
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3360
“She doesn't have short hair.”
125:59
Okay.
2469
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720
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
126:00
And again, I’m going to put ‘have’ first.
2470
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And again, I'm going to put 'have' first.
126:04
This is easy.
2471
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880
This is easy.
126:05
‘He’ and ‘she’ we both use ‘doesn’t’.
2472
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'He' and 'she' we both use 'doesn't'.
126:10
“He doesn’t have an umbrella.”
2473
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“He doesn't have an umbrella.”
126:14
Okay.
2474
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
126:15
How about for ‘I’?
2475
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How about for 'I'?
126:18
“I doesn’t haveâ€Ļ.”
2476
7578800
1840
“I doesn't haveâ€Ļ.”
126:20
Or “I don’t haveâ€Ļ”?
2477
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Or “I don't haveâ€Ļ”?
126:23
The correct answer is ‘don’t’.
2478
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The correct answer is 'don't'.
126:27
“I don’t have a wife.”
2479
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“I don't have a wife.”
126:31
“Peopleâ€Ļ”
2480
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“Peopleâ€Ļ”
126:33
Remember, if we have more than one person, animal and thing, we have to think of ‘they’.
2481
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Remember, if we have more than one person, animal and thing, we have to think of 'they'.
126:41
For ‘they’, do we use ‘don’t’ or ‘doesn’t’?
2482
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For 'they', do we use 'don't' or 'doesn't'?
126:46
Do you remember?
2483
7606560
880
Do you remember?
126:48
The correct answer is ‘don’t’.
2484
7608240
2640
The correct answer is 'don't'.
126:52
“People don’t have manners.”
2485
7612160
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“People don't have manners.”
126:55
Okay.
2486
7615840
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
126:56
Next.
2487
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āĻĒāĻ°āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§€.
126:58
“Weâ€Ļ”
2488
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“Weâ€Ļ”
127:00
“We ‘blank’ have money.”
2489
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“We 'blank' have money.”
127:03
Should we put ‘doesn’t’ or ‘don’t’?
2490
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Should we put 'doesn't' or 'don't'?
127:07
The correct answer is ‘don’t’.
2491
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The correct answer is 'don't'.
127:11
“We don’t have money.”
2492
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“We don't have money.”
127:14
Okay, and the last one.
2493
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Okay, and the last one.
127:16
“A snakeâ€Ļ”
2494
7636400
720
“A snakeâ€Ļ”
127:20
A snake is an animal.
2495
7640000
2480
A snake is an animal.
127:23
What do we use for an animal?
2496
7643200
2640
What do we use for an animal?
127:25
“It.”
2497
7645840
320
"āĻāĻŸāĻžāĨ¤"
127:27
“Itâ€Ļ”
2498
7647520
320
“Itâ€Ļ”
127:29
What should we put here?
2499
7649040
1040
What should we put here?
127:32
“Itâ€Ļdoesn’tâ€Ļhave legs.”
2500
7652320
2800
“Itâ€Ļdoesn'tâ€Ļhave legs.”
127:36
Okay, so that was our practice the negatives ‘don’t have’ and ‘doesn’t have’.
2501
7656080
5600
Okay, so that was our practice the negatives 'don't have' and 'doesn't have'.
127:41
I hope you understand, and I’ll see you in the next video.
2502
7661680
3280
I hope you understand, and I'll see you in the next video.
127:44
Bye.
2503
7664960
8880
āĻŦāĻŋāĻĻāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤
127:54
Hi, everybody.
2504
7674640
880
āĻ¸āĻŦāĻžāĻ‡ āĻ•ā§‡āĻŽāĻ¨ āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡āĻ¨.
127:56
In this video, we’re going to learn how to ask questions using ‘have’.
2505
7676080
4880
In this video, we're going to learn how to ask questions using 'have'.
128:01
Okay, let’s look at the board.
2506
7681520
1600
Okay, let's look at the board.
128:04
When we are talking about ‘he’, ‘she’ or ‘it’,
2507
7684800
3680
When we are talking about 'he', 'she' or 'it',
128:09
the question always begins with ‘does’.
2508
7689040
2560
the question always begins with 'does'.
128:13
After the pronoun, we have ‘have’.
2509
7693280
1920
After the pronoun, we have 'have'.
128:15
So, we say, “Does he haveâ€Ļ”
2510
7695920
2160
So, we say, “Does he haveâ€Ļ”
128:19
“Does she haveâ€Ļ”
2511
7699120
960
“Does she haveâ€Ļ”
128:20
“Does it haveâ€Ļ”
2512
7700960
880
“Does it haveâ€Ļ”
128:22
Now, let’s practice with this question and let’s look at the two answers.
2513
7702960
4720
Now, let's practice with this question and let's look at the two answers.
128:28
Okay.
2514
7708400
800
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
128:29
“Does he have a friend?”
2515
7709200
1200
“Does he have a friend?”
128:31
If the answer is ‘yes’, we say “yes”,
2516
7711840
2720
If the answer is 'yes', we say “yes”,
128:35
in the blank, we matchâ€Ļ this has to be the same.
2517
7715520
3840
in the blank, we matchâ€Ļ this has to be the same.
128:40
“Yes, he does.”
2518
7720160
1600
“Yes, he does.”
128:42
If the answer is ‘no’.
2519
7722560
1280
If the answer is 'no'.
128:44
“No, he doesn’t.”
2520
7724640
1680
“No, he doesn't.”
128:47
“Does he have a friend?”
2521
7727200
1440
“Does he have a friend?”
128:49
“Yes, she does.”
2522
7729840
1360
“Yes, she does.”
128:52
“No, she doesn’t.”
2523
7732400
1600
“No, she doesn't.”
128:55
“Does it have a friend?”
2524
7735360
1760
“Does it have a friend?”
128:58
“Yes, it does.”
2525
7738240
1680
“Yes, it does.”
129:00
“No, it doesn’t.”
2526
7740800
1760
“No, it doesn't.”
129:03
Okay, so remember ‘doesâ€Ļhave’.
2527
7743600
2400
Okay, so remember 'doesâ€Ļhave'.
129:06
Now, when we use ‘you’, ‘we’, ‘they’, we use ‘do’ in the front.
2528
7746880
6400
Now, when we use 'you', 'we', 'they', we use 'do' in the front.
129:14
And ‘have’ after.
2529
7754160
1440
And 'have' after.
129:16
“Do you have a friend?”
2530
7756720
1120
“Do you have a friend?”
129:19
“Do we have a friend?”
2531
7759280
1360
“Do we have a friend?”
129:21
“Do they have a friend?”
2532
7761520
1440
“Do they have a friend?”
129:24
Okay.
2533
7764240
720
129:24
And again, we have two answers.
2534
7764960
2640
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
And again, we have two answers.
129:27
We finish with ‘do’ or ‘don’t’.
2535
7767600
2080
We finish with 'do' or 'don't'.
129:30
So, “Do you have a friend?”
2536
7770480
1840
So, “Do you have a friend?”
129:33
“Yes, I do.”
2537
7773360
1920
“Yes, I do.”
129:35
Right, the question is asking ‘you’, so, you say “I do.”
2538
7775920
3040
Right, the question is asking 'you', so, you say “I do.”
129:39
Or, “No, I don’t.”
2539
7779520
1840
Or, “No, I don't.”
129:42
“Do we have a friend?”
2540
7782560
1440
“Do we have a friend?”
129:44
“Yes, we do.”
2541
7784960
1360
“Yes, we do.”
129:47
Or, “No, we don’t.”
2542
7787120
2320
Or, “No, we don't.”
129:50
And last.
2543
7790400
1040
āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻļā§‡āĻˇā§‡.
129:51
“Do they have a friend?”
2544
7791440
1520
“Do they have a friend?”
129:53
“Yes, they do.”
2545
7793920
1280
“Yes, they do.”
129:56
“No, they don’t.”
2546
7796240
1440
“No, they don't.”
129:58
Okay, let’s move on to some more practice.
2547
7798400
2520
Okay, let's move on to some more practice.
130:00
Alright, let’s try this practice together.
2548
7800920
2840
Alright, let's try this practice together.
130:04
I know it looks hard, but I’m going to help you.
2549
7804320
2480
I know it looks hard, but I'm going to help you.
130:07
Okay.
2550
7807600
400
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
130:08
So let’s look at the first practice.
2551
7808640
2160
So let's look at the first practice.
130:11
It’s a question.
2552
7811680
1200
It's a question.
130:13
Okay, so remember when we ask a question, we begin with ‘do’ or ‘does’.
2553
7813600
5440
Okay, so remember when we ask a question, we begin with 'do' or 'does'.
130:19
Okay.
2554
7819600
720
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
130:20
We have ‘she’.
2555
7820320
960
We have 'she'.
130:22
Well, remember for all questions we use ‘have’.
2556
7822240
3280
Well, remember for all questions we use 'have'.
130:27
In the front, should we use ‘does’ or ‘do’?
2557
7827040
2720
In the front, should we use 'does' or 'do'?
130:31
The answer is ‘does’.
2558
7831440
1600
The answer is 'does'.
130:33
“Does she have a dress?”
2559
7833920
1760
“Does she have a dress?”
130:36
When we answer, “Yesâ€Ļ”
2560
7836960
2080
When we answer, “Yesâ€Ļ”
130:40
What do we put here?
2561
7840240
1600
What do we put here?
130:41
Remember, we put the pronoun ‘she’.
2562
7841840
2720
Remember, we put the pronoun 'she'.
130:45
And the answer ‘does’.
2563
7845680
2240
And the answer 'does'.
130:49
“Yes, she does.”
2564
7849200
1600
“Yes, she does.”
130:52
The next one.
2565
7852160
880
The next one.
130:53
We have ‘they’.
2566
7853040
1040
We have 'they'.
130:55
Okay, ‘have’ is again the same.
2567
7855040
2160
Okay, 'have' is again the same.
130:58
“â€Ļhave a bicycle?”
2568
7858080
1120
“â€Ļhave a bicycle?”
130:59
Okay, what goes in the front?
2569
7859920
1920
Okay, what goes in the front?
131:02
For ‘they’, we use ‘do’.
2570
7862880
2240
For 'they', we use 'do'.
131:06
“Do they have a bicycle?”
2571
7866160
2160
“Do they have a bicycle?”
131:09
This time the answer is negative.
2572
7869680
2320
This time the answer is negative.
131:12
“No, theyâ€Ļ.”
2573
7872800
1200
“No, theyâ€Ļ.”
131:15
What do we put here?
2574
7875440
1040
What do we put here?
131:17
It doesn’t make sense to say, “do”.
2575
7877440
2560
It doesn't make sense to say, “do”.
131:20
Right?
2576
7880000
400
131:20
“No, they do.”
2577
7880400
1040
āĻ āĻŋāĻ•?
“No, they do.”
131:21
That’s wrong.
2578
7881440
1120
That's wrong.
131:22
It’s a negative.
2579
7882560
1360
It's a negative.
131:23
We have to say, “No, they don’t.”
2580
7883920
3280
We have to say, “No, they don't.”
131:27
“No, they do not.”
2581
7887200
1840
“No, they do not.”
131:30
Okay, and again, we have ‘have’ over here.
2582
7890480
2960
Okay, and again, we have 'have' over here.
131:34
“Itâ€Ļ”
2583
7894560
240
“Itâ€Ļ”
131:36
Which one, ‘do’ or ‘does’?
2584
7896640
1680
Which one, 'do' or 'does'?
131:39
The answer is ‘does’.
2585
7899440
1520
The answer is 'does'.
131:41
“Does it have a ball?”
2586
7901760
1760
“Does it have a ball?”
131:44
Again, the answer is negative.
2587
7904800
2720
Again, the answer is negative.
131:47
“No, itâ€Ļdoes not.”
2588
7907520
2720
“No, itâ€Ļdoes not.”
131:51
or the contraction, “No, it doesn’t.”
2589
7911040
3920
or the contraction, “No, it doesn't.”
131:56
Okay.
2590
7916080
800
131:56
So that was our practice for asking questions with ‘have’.
2591
7916880
3760
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
So that was our practice for asking questions with 'have'.
132:00
I hope you understand and I’ll  see you in the next video. 
2592
7920640
5200
I hope you understand and I'll see you in the next video.
132:12
This is a checkup video for 'have', 'has', 'don't have', 'doesn't have'
2593
7932720
5920
This is a checkup video for 'have', 'has', 'don't have', 'doesn't have'
132:18
and questions with 'have'.
2594
7938640
2000
and questions with 'have'.
132:20
Let's take a look at the board.
2595
7940640
1440
Let's take a look at the board.
132:23
Here, we have a picture of a dog and a ball.
2596
7943680
3280
Here, we have a picture of a dog and a ball.
132:27
And this ball belongs to this dog.
2597
7947520
4080
And this ball belongs to this dog.
132:31
So let's make a sentence about this picture.
2598
7951600
2640
So let's make a sentence about this picture.
132:35
Ok...
2599
7955040
800
132:35
The dog is an animal.
2600
7955840
2240
Ok...
The dog is an animal.
132:38
So, we have to use 'it'.
2601
7958080
1760
So, we have to use 'it'.
132:40
Ok...
2602
7960880
720
Ok...
132:41
With 'it', do we use 'have' or 'has'?
2603
7961600
3360
With 'it', do we use 'have' or 'has'?
132:46
We have to use 'has'.
2604
7966560
2400
We have to use 'has'.
132:50
"It has a ball."
2605
7970000
1680
"It has a ball."
132:53
Now, there's a hat, but it says "no".
2606
7973280
3280
Now, there's a hat, but it says "no".
132:56
It's negative.
2607
7976560
960
It's negative.
132:58
So, "It..."
2608
7978480
800
So, "It..."
133:01
Remember, for negative, we always use 'have'.
2609
7981120
3440
Remember, for negative, we always use 'have'.
133:05
But what goes in the front?
2610
7985280
1360
But what goes in the front?
133:07
'Doesn't' or 'don't'?
2611
7987600
1760
'Doesn't' or 'don't'?
133:10
For 'it', we say "doesn't".
2612
7990480
3760
For 'it', we say "doesn't".
133:15
"It doesn't have a hat."
2613
7995440
2480
"It doesn't have a hat."
133:19
Next, we have a question.
2614
7999680
1600
Next, we have a question.
133:22
We use 'have'.
2615
8002400
960
We use 'have'.
133:24
Remember, we have to put the pronoun over here.
2616
8004000
3280
Remember, we have to put the pronoun over here.
133:27
The same one.
2617
8007280
960
The same one.
133:29
And we put 'does' or 'do' in the front.
2618
8009200
3280
And we put 'does' or 'do' in the front.
133:33
What do you think?
2619
8013600
800
āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ•āĻŋ āĻŽāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĻ¨?
133:37
We have to say, "does".
2620
8017040
1680
We have to say, "does".
133:39
"Does it have a ball?"
2621
8019520
1520
"Does it have a ball?"
133:42
Well, "Does it have a ball?"
2622
8022320
1520
Well, "Does it have a ball?"
133:44
"Yes, it does."
2623
8024640
1520
"Yes, it does."
133:47
Let's move on to the next part.
2624
8027520
1520
Let's move on to the next part.
133:49
Here we have two people.
2625
8029840
2240
Here we have two people.
133:52
So, we're going to say "they".
2626
8032080
1440
So, we're going to say "they".
133:54
And a car...that belongs to them.
2627
8034640
3200
And a car...that belongs to them.
133:58
For 'they', we have to say "have".
2628
8038880
2960
For 'they', we have to say "have".
134:02
"They have a car."
2629
8042960
1520
"They have a car."
134:06
Here, there's a bus.
2630
8046560
2000
Here, there's a bus.
134:08
But, again, it says, "no".
2631
8048560
1520
But, again, it says, "no".
134:10
Negative.
2632
8050640
1680
Negative.
134:12
"They 'blank' 'blank' a bus."
2633
8052320
2480
"They 'blank' 'blank' a bus."
134:15
Again, for negative, we say "have".
2634
8055600
2160
Again, for negative, we say "have".
134:19
'Doesn't have' or 'don't have'?
2635
8059200
2320
'Doesn't have' or 'don't have'?
134:21
Which one is it?
2636
8061520
800
āĻāĻŸāĻž āĻ•ā§‹āĻ¨āĻŸāĻž?
134:24
For 'don't'...uhh for 'they', we say,
2637
8064320
2800
For 'don't'...uhh for 'they', we say,
134:27
"They don't have a bus."
2638
8067120
1760
"They don't have a bus."
134:29
Ok, and we have a question.
2639
8069840
1520
Ok, and we have a question.
134:32
Well, again, we have to put the same pronoun.
2640
8072480
2720
Well, again, we have to put the same pronoun.
134:37
How about in the front?
2641
8077520
960
How about in the front?
134:39
'Do' or 'does'?
2642
8079200
1120
'Do' or 'does'?
134:41
For 'they', we put 'do'.
2643
8081680
1920
For 'they', we put 'do'.
134:44
"Do they have a bus?"
2644
8084400
1600
"Do they have a bus?"
134:47
"Do they have a bus?"
2645
8087120
960
"Do they have a bus?"
134:49
"No, they don't."
2646
8089280
1520
"No, they don't."
134:51
Ok, let's move on to some more practice.
2647
8091600
2440
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡, āĻ†āĻ¸ā§āĻ¨ āĻ†āĻ°āĻ“ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ›ā§ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻļā§€āĻ˛āĻ¨ā§‡ āĻāĻ—āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ‡āĨ¤
134:54
Ok, now for this practice, we have to find the mistakes in these sentences.
2648
8094040
6360
Ok, now for this practice, we have to find the mistakes in these sentences.
135:00
What's wrong with them?
2649
8100400
1600
āĻ¤āĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻ•āĻŋ āĻĻā§‹āĻˇ?
135:02
Ok...
2650
8102000
480
Ok...
135:03
So, let's look at the first one.
2651
8103040
2160
So, let's look at the first one.
135:05
"They has two watches."
2652
8105200
2640
"They has two watches."
135:08
Hmmmm.
2653
8108680
1000
āĻšā§āĻŽāĻŽāĻŽāĨ¤
135:09
Remember, for 'they', we have  to use 'have', not 'has'.
2654
8109680
5840
Remember, for 'they', we have to use 'have', not 'has'.
135:16
"They have two watches."
2655
8116240
2560
"They have two watches."
135:20
The next one is a question.
2656
8120000
1840
The next one is a question.
135:22
"Does they have three watches?"
2657
8122880
2080
"Does they have three watches?"
135:26
Ok...
2658
8126480
240
Ok...
135:27
Remember, when we start a question, we have to use 'do' or 'does'.
2659
8127280
6000
Remember, when we start a question, we have to use 'do' or 'does'.
135:34
Here we have 'does'.
2660
8134640
1600
Here we have 'does'.
135:36
But remember, for 'they', we begin with 'do'.
2661
8136240
3760
But remember, for 'they', we begin with 'do'.
135:40
"Do they have three watches?"
2662
8140880
2400
"Do they have three watches?"
135:44
And in the answer...
2663
8144240
1760
And in the answer...
135:46
"No, we don't."
2664
8146000
1200
"No, we don't."
135:48
What's wrong with this answer?
2665
8148160
1680
What's wrong with this answer?
135:51
Remember, the pronoun has to match.
2666
8151200
2960
Remember, the pronoun has to match.
135:54
It has to be the same.
2667
8154160
1280
It has to be the same.
135:56
"Do they have three watches?"
2668
8156080
2000
"Do they have three watches?"
135:58
"No, they don't."
2669
8158080
2400
"No, they don't."
136:02
Let's look at these.
2670
8162000
1040
Let's look at these.
136:03
"She have a dress."
2671
8163680
1440
"She have a dress."
136:06
Remember, for 'she', we use 'has'.
2672
8166240
4080
Remember, for 'she', we use 'has'.
136:11
"She has a dress."
2673
8171040
1440
"She has a dress."
136:13
How about in the question?
2674
8173840
1200
How about in the question?
136:15
"Do she have a hat?"
2675
8175680
2160
"Do she have a hat?"
136:18
Remember, we begin with 'do' or 'does', but for 'she', we should begin with 'does'.
2676
8178720
6480
Remember, we begin with 'do' or 'does', but for 'she', we should begin with 'does'.
136:25
"Does she have a hat?"
2677
8185920
1200
"Does she have a hat?"
136:27
And the answer.
2678
8187680
1360
And the answer.
136:29
"No, she do."
2679
8189040
1200
"No, she do."
136:31
Hmmm.
2680
8191960
1000
āĻšā§āĻŽāĻŽāĨ¤
136:32
'No' means it's negative.
2681
8192960
2000
'No' means it's negative.
136:34
So, we need a negative here.
2682
8194960
2080
So, we need a negative here.
136:37
Is it 'don't' or 'doesn't'?
2683
8197040
1920
Is it 'don't' or 'doesn't'?
136:39
"No, she..
2684
8199920
1040
"No, she..
136:43
doesn't." is the correct answer.
2685
8203280
2800
doesn't." is the correct answer.
136:46
Okay.
2686
8206080
720
136:46
So that was our checkup.
2687
8206800
1360
āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
So that was our checkup.
136:48
I hope you understand better.
2688
8208160
1680
I hope you understand better.
136:49
And I'll see you in the next video.
2689
8209840
10240
And I'll see you in the next video.
137:00
Hi, everybody.
2690
8220080
960
āĻ¸āĻŦāĻžāĻ‡ āĻ•ā§‡āĻŽāĻ¨ āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡āĻ¨.
137:01
I’m Esther. Welcome to  
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ‡āĻ¸ā§āĻŸāĻžāĻ°āĨ¤ Welcome to
137:02
my English grammar course on the tenses. I’m going to teach you how to use the twelve  
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my English grammar course on the tenses. āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ•ā§‡ āĻļā§‡āĻ–āĻžāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻšā§āĻ›āĻŋ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ­āĻžāĻŦā§‡
137:08
tenses in the past, present, and future. It’s a great course, and there’s a lot of  
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āĻ…āĻ¤ā§€āĻ¤, āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ­āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ¯āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻŦāĻžāĻ°ā§‹āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ•āĻžāĻ˛ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤ āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻĻā§āĻ°ā§āĻĻāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ āĻ•ā§‹āĻ°ā§āĻ¸, āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ•
137:14
important information. So keep watching.
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āĻ—ā§āĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻŦāĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŖ āĻ¤āĻĨā§āĻ¯ āĻ°āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ›ā§‡ā§ˇ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¨āĨ¤
137:19
Hi, everybody.
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āĻ¸āĻŦāĻžāĻ‡ āĻ•ā§‡āĻŽāĻ¨ āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡āĻ¨.
137:20
My name is Esther.
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻ¨āĻžāĻŽ āĻ‡āĻ¸ā§āĻŸāĻžāĻ°āĨ¤
137:22
I'm so excited to teach you the present simple tense in today's video.
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āĻ†āĻœāĻ•ā§‡āĻ° āĻ­āĻŋāĻĄāĻŋāĻ“āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ•ā§‡ āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ āĻ¸āĻ°āĻ˛ āĻ•āĻžāĻ˛ āĻļā§‡āĻ–āĻžāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ–ā§āĻŦāĻ‡ āĻ‰āĻ¤ā§āĻ¤ā§‡āĻœāĻŋāĻ¤āĨ¤
137:27
Now this lesson can be a little difficult,
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āĻāĻ–āĻ¨ āĻāĻ‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ āĻŸāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŸā§ āĻ•āĻ āĻŋāĻ¨ āĻšāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡,
137:30
so I'll do my best to keep it easy and fun for you.
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āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻŸāĻŋāĻ•ā§‡ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ¸āĻšāĻœ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻŽāĻœāĻžāĻĻāĻžāĻ° āĻ°āĻžāĻ–āĻžāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ¯āĻĨāĻžāĻ¸āĻžāĻ§ā§āĻ¯ āĻšā§‡āĻˇā§āĻŸāĻž āĻ•āĻ°āĻŦāĨ¤
137:34
My goal is for you to understand how and when to use this grammar by the end of the video.
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āĻ­āĻŋāĻĄāĻŋāĻ“āĻ° āĻļā§‡āĻˇ āĻ¨āĻžāĻ—āĻžāĻĻ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ•ā§€āĻ­āĻžāĻŦā§‡ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ•āĻ–āĻ¨ āĻāĻ‡ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•āĻ°āĻŖāĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻŦā§‡āĻ¨ āĻ¤āĻž āĻŦā§‹āĻāĻžāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻ˛āĻ•ā§āĻˇā§āĻ¯āĨ¤
137:40
Let's get started.
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āĻšāĻ˛ āĻļā§āĻ°ā§ āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋ.
137:44
Let's start with the first usage for the present simple tense.
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āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ āĻ¸āĻ°āĻ˛ āĻ•āĻžāĻ˛ā§‡āĻ° āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻļā§āĻ°ā§ āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•āĨ¤
137:48
The first usage is pretty easy.
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āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻŦā§‡āĻļ āĻ¸āĻšāĻœ.
137:50
We use it to talk about facts, truths, and generalizations.
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ¤āĻĨā§āĻ¯, āĻ¸āĻ¤ā§āĻ¯ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ¸āĻžāĻ§āĻžāĻ°āĻŖā§€āĻ•āĻ°āĻŖ āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ•ā§‡ āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋāĨ¤
137:55
Let's look at some examples.
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āĻ†āĻ¸ā§āĻ¨ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ›ā§ āĻ‰āĻĻāĻžāĻšāĻ°āĻŖ āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻŋāĨ¤
137:57
‘The Sun is bright.’
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'āĻ¸ā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻ¯ āĻ‰āĻœā§āĻœā§āĻŦāĻ˛.'
138:00
Now that's a fact.
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āĻāĻ–āĻ¨ āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¸āĻ¤ā§āĻ¯.
138:01
It doesn't change.
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āĻāĻŸāĻž āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤āĻ¨ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ¨āĻž.
138:02
Everybody knows that the Sun is bright.
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āĻ¸āĻŦāĻžāĻ‡ āĻœāĻžāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻ¸ā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻ¯ āĻ‰āĻœā§āĻœā§āĻŦāĻ˛āĨ¤
138:05
It was bright yesterday.
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āĻāĻŸāĻž āĻ—āĻ¤āĻ•āĻžāĻ˛ āĻ‰āĻœā§āĻœā§āĻŦāĻ˛ āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛.
138:06
It's bright today.
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āĻāĻŸāĻž āĻ†āĻœ āĻ‰āĻœā§āĻœā§āĻŦāĻ˛.
138:07
And it will be bright tomorrow.
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āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻ†āĻ—āĻžāĻŽā§€āĻ•āĻžāĻ˛ āĻ‰āĻœā§āĻœā§āĻŦāĻ˛ āĻšāĻŦā§‡āĨ¤
138:09
That makes it a fact.
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āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻ¤āĻŦāĻ¤āĻž āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡ āĻ¤ā§‹āĻ˛ā§‡.
138:11
‘Pigs don't fly.’
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'āĻļā§āĻ¯āĻŧā§‹āĻ° āĻ‰āĻĄāĻŧā§‡ āĻ¨āĻžāĨ¤'
138:13
That's also a fact.
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āĻāĻŸāĻžāĻ“ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻž āĻŦāĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻ¤āĻŦāĻ¤āĻžāĨ¤
138:14
Everybody knows that pigs don't fly.
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āĻ¸āĻŦāĻžāĻ‡ āĻœāĻžāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻļā§‚āĻ•āĻ° āĻ‰āĻĄāĻŧā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ¨āĻžāĨ¤
138:19
‘Cats are better than dogs.’
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'āĻ•ā§āĻ•ā§āĻ°ā§‡āĻ° āĻšā§‡āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻŦāĻŋāĻĄāĻŧāĻžāĻ˛ āĻ­āĻžāĻ˛ā§‹āĨ¤'
138:21
Now this you may not agree with.
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āĻāĻ–āĻ¨ āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŽāĻ¤ āĻ¨āĻžāĻ“ āĻšāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡.
138:23
This is my truth.
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āĻāĻ‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻ¸āĻ¤ā§āĻ¯.
138:25
I'm making a generalization about cats and dogs in this example.
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻ‡ āĻ‰āĻĻāĻžāĻšāĻ°āĻŖā§‡ āĻŦāĻŋāĻĄāĻŧāĻžāĻ˛ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ•ā§āĻ•ā§āĻ° āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ•ā§‡ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¸āĻžāĻ§āĻžāĻ°āĻŖā§€āĻ•āĻ°āĻŖ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ›āĻŋāĨ¤
138:30
And finally, ‘It's cold in winter.’
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āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§‡, 'āĻļā§€āĻ¤āĻ•āĻžāĻ˛ā§‡ āĻ āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻĄāĻžāĨ¤'
138:33
This really depends on where you live, but for a lot of people, or let's say for
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āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¸āĻ¤ā§āĻ¯āĻŋāĻ‡ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ•ā§‹āĻĨāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•ā§‡āĻ¨ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ° āĻ‰āĻĒāĻ° āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻ­āĻ° āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡, āĻ¤āĻŦā§‡ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ• āĻ˛ā§‹āĻ•ā§‡āĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯, āĻŦāĻž āĻŦāĻ˛āĻž āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•,
138:38
most people, it is cold in the winter,
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āĻŦā§‡āĻļāĻŋāĻ°āĻ­āĻžāĻ— āĻ˛ā§‹āĻ•ā§‡āĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻļā§€āĻ¤āĻ•āĻžāĻ˛ā§‡ āĻ āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻĄāĻž āĻĨāĻžāĻ•ā§‡,
138:41
so that's the truth for some people.
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āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ›ā§ āĻ˛ā§‹āĻ•ā§‡āĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¸āĻ¤ā§āĻ¯āĨ¤
138:44
Now let's look back and see what verb I used in the present simple tense.
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āĻāĻ–āĻ¨ āĻĢāĻŋāĻ°ā§‡ āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻž āĻ¯āĻžāĻ• āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ āĻ¸āĻ°āĻ˛ āĻ•āĻžāĻ˛ā§‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ•ā§‹āĻ¨ āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāĨ¤
138:50
For the first sentence, we have ‘is’.
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āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¯ā§‡āĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯, āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡ 'is'āĨ¤
138:53
I use the ‘be’ verb ‘is’ to talk about the Sun.
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ¸ā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻ¯ āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ•ā§‡ āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āĻŦāĻ˛āĻžāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ 'be' āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž 'is' āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋāĨ¤
138:58
In the next sentence, I use the negative of do - ‘do not’
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āĻĒāĻ°ā§‡āĻ° āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¯ā§‡, āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ do - 'dont'-āĻāĻ° āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ¤āĻŋāĻŦāĻžāĻšāĻ• āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋ
139:03
And you'll notice I use the contraction and put these two words together to make it ‘don't’.
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āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ˛āĻ•ā§āĻˇā§āĻ¯ āĻ•āĻ°āĻŦā§‡āĻ¨ āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ¸āĻ‚āĻ•ā§‹āĻšāĻ¨ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĻ›āĻŋ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻāĻ‡ āĻĻā§āĻŸāĻŋ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻāĻ•ā§‡ āĻāĻ•āĻ¤ā§āĻ°ā§‡ 'āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻŦā§‡ āĻ¨āĻž'āĨ¤
139:10
‘Cats are better than dogs.’
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'āĻ•ā§āĻ•ā§āĻ°ā§‡āĻ° āĻšā§‡āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻŦāĻŋāĻĄāĻŧāĻžāĻ˛ āĻ­āĻžāĻ˛ā§‹āĨ¤'
139:13
I use the ‘be’ verb "are" to talk about cats because ‘cats’ is plural.
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻĄāĻŧāĻžāĻ˛ āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ•ā§‡ āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āĻŦāĻ˛āĻžāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ 'be' āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž "are" āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋ āĻ•āĻžāĻ°āĻŖ 'āĻŦāĻŋāĻĄāĻŧāĻžāĻ˛' āĻŦāĻšā§āĻŦāĻšāĻ¨āĨ¤
139:19
And finally, it's cold and winter.
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āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ…āĻŦāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§‡, āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻ āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻĄāĻž āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻļā§€āĻ¤āĻ•āĻžāĻ˛āĨ¤
139:22
Here I use the ‘be’ verb "is" again,
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āĻāĻ–āĻžāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ†āĻŦāĻžāĻ° 'be' āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž "is" āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĻ›āĻŋ,
139:25
but I use the contraction to combine ‘it’ and ‘is’
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āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§ āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ 'it' āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ 'is' āĻ•ā§‡ āĻ¯ā§āĻ•ā§āĻ¤ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ¸āĻ‚āĻ•ā§‹āĻšāĻ¨ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĻ›āĻŋ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚
139:30
and made ‘it’s’.
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'it's' āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāĨ¤
139:32
Let's move on to the next usage.
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āĻāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§€ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ°ā§‡ āĻāĻ—āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•āĨ¤
139:35
We also use the present simple tense to talk about habits and routines.
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ…āĻ­ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¸ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ°ā§āĻŸāĻŋāĻ¨ āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ•ā§‡ āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ āĻ¸āĻ°āĻ˛ āĻ•āĻžāĻ˛ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋāĨ¤
139:40
So things and actions that happen regularly.
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āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻœāĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¸ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻŽ āĻ¯āĻž āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻŽāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻ˜āĻŸā§‡.
139:43
Let’s look at the examples.
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āĻ†āĻ¸ā§āĻ¨ āĻ‰āĻĻāĻžāĻšāĻ°āĻŖāĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋ āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻŋāĨ¤
139:45
‘I always eat lunch at noon.’
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'āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ¸āĻŦāĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻĻā§āĻĒā§āĻ°ā§‡āĻ° āĻ–āĻžāĻŦāĻžāĻ° āĻ–āĻžāĻ‡āĨ¤'
139:48
You'll notice I use the adverb ‘always’ because I'm talking about something that I
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āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ˛āĻ•ā§āĻˇā§āĻ¯ āĻ•āĻ°āĻŦā§‡āĻ¨ āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ 'āĻ¸āĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻĻāĻž' āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇāĻŖāĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋ āĻ•āĻžāĻ°āĻŖ āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻŽāĻ¨ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ›ā§āĻ° āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ›āĻŋ āĻ¯āĻž āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ
139:53
do regularly.
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āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻŽāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋāĨ¤
139:54
What is that?
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āĻāĻŸāĻž āĻ•āĻŋ?
139:55
‘Eat lunch at noon.’
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'āĻĻā§āĻĒā§āĻ°ā§‡ āĻ˛āĻžāĻžā§āĻš āĻ–āĻžāĻ“āĨ¤'
139:58
So I use the present simple tense.
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āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ āĻ¸āĻ°āĻ˛ āĻ•āĻžāĻ˛ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋāĨ¤
140:00
And here I use the verb ‘eat’.
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āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻāĻ–āĻžāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ 'āĻ–āĻžāĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧāĻž' āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋāĨ¤
140:02
‘I eatâ€Ļ’
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'āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ–āĻžāĻ‡...'
140:04
The second example says you play games every day.
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āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāĻ¤ā§€āĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ‰āĻĻāĻžāĻšāĻ°āĻŖāĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻ˛ā§‡ āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¤āĻŋāĻĻāĻŋāĻ¨ āĻ—ā§‡āĻŽ āĻ–ā§‡āĻ˛ā§‡āĻ¨āĨ¤
140:08
Do you see the clue that helps you know that this is something that happens regularly?
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āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ•āĻŋ āĻāĻŽāĻ¨ āĻ•ā§āĻ˛ā§ āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻšā§āĻ›ā§‡āĻ¨ āĻ¯āĻž āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ•ā§‡ āĻœāĻžāĻ¨āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ¸āĻžāĻšāĻžāĻ¯ā§āĻ¯ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡ āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻāĻŽāĻ¨ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ›ā§ āĻ¯āĻž āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻŽāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻ˜āĻŸā§‡?
140:13
It's ‘every day’.
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āĻāĻŸāĻž 'āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¤āĻŋāĻĻāĻŋāĻ¨'āĨ¤
140:14
So it's something that happens as a routine or a habit,
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āĻ¸ā§āĻ¤āĻ°āĻžāĻ‚ āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻāĻŽāĻ¨ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ›ā§ āĻ¯āĻž āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ°ā§āĻŸāĻŋāĻ¨ āĻŦāĻž āĻ…āĻ­ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¸ āĻšāĻŋāĻ¸āĻžāĻŦā§‡ āĻ˜āĻŸā§‡,
140:18
so you play games.
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āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ—ā§‡āĻŽ āĻ–ā§‡āĻ˛ā§āĻ¨āĨ¤
140:20
The verb here is ‘play’.
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āĻāĻ–āĻžāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻĒāĻĻ āĻšāĻ˛ 'āĻ–ā§‡āĻ˛āĻž'āĨ¤
140:22
‘You playâ€Ļ’
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'āĻ¤ā§āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ–ā§‡āĻ˛ā§‹...'
140:25
The next example says ‘Seth starts work at 9:00 a.m. daily.’
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āĻĒāĻ°ā§‡āĻ° āĻ‰āĻĻāĻžāĻšāĻ°āĻŖ āĻŦāĻ˛ā§‡ 'āĻļā§‡āĻ  āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¤āĻŋāĻĻāĻŋāĻ¨ āĻ¸āĻ•āĻžāĻ˛ ā§¯āĻŸāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ•āĻžāĻœ āĻļā§āĻ°ā§ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĨ¤'
140:30
Again this is something that happens regularly.
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āĻ†āĻŦāĻžāĻ° āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻāĻŽāĻ¨ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ›ā§ āĻ¯āĻž āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻŽāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻ˜āĻŸā§‡āĨ¤
140:33
‘Seth goes to work at 9:00 a.m.’ every day.
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'āĻļā§‡āĻ  āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¤āĻŋāĻĻāĻŋāĻ¨ āĻ¸āĻ•āĻžāĻ˛ ā§¯āĻŸāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ•āĻžāĻœā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ'āĨ¤
140:37
Now you'll notice I put a blue line under the ‘s’ in ‘starts’.
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āĻāĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ˛āĻ•ā§āĻˇā§āĻ¯ āĻ•āĻ°āĻŦā§‡āĻ¨ āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ 'āĻļā§āĻ°ā§'-āĻ 's' āĻāĻ° āĻ¨āĻŋāĻšā§‡ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¨ā§€āĻ˛ āĻ°ā§‡āĻ–āĻž āĻ°ā§‡āĻ–ā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāĨ¤
140:42
Can you figure out why?
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āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ•ā§‡āĻ¨ āĻŦā§āĻāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡āĻ¨?
140:44
Well remember that when the subject of a sentence is ‘he’, ‘she’, or ‘it’,
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āĻ­āĻžāĻ˛ āĻŽāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ°āĻžāĻ–āĻŦā§‡āĻ¨ āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻ¯āĻ–āĻ¨ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¯ā§‡āĻ° āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇāĻ¯āĻŧ 'āĻ¸ā§‡', 'āĻ¸ā§‡', āĻŦāĻž 'āĻāĻŸāĻŋ' āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧ,
140:49
we need to add an ‘s’ or ‘es’ to the end of the verb in the present simple tense.
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ āĻ¸āĻ°āĻ˛ āĻ•āĻžāĻ˛ā§‡āĻ° āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻĒāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻļā§‡āĻˇā§‡ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ 's' āĻŦāĻž 'es' āĻ¯ā§‹āĻ— āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻŦā§‡āĨ¤
140:56
Seth is a ‘he’, so we need to add an ‘s’.
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āĻļā§‡āĻ  āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ 'āĻ¸ā§‡', āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ 's' āĻ¯ā§‹āĻ— āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻŦā§‡āĨ¤
141:00
‘Seth starts work at 9:00 a.m. daily.’
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'āĻļā§‡āĻ  āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¤āĻŋāĻĻāĻŋāĻ¨ āĻ¸āĻ•āĻžāĻ˛ ā§¯āĻŸāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ•āĻžāĻœ āĻļā§āĻ°ā§ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĨ¤'
141:04
And the last example: ‘They study English every Monday.’
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āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻļā§‡āĻˇ āĻ‰āĻĻāĻžāĻšāĻ°āĻŖ: 'āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¤āĻŋ āĻ¸ā§‹āĻŽāĻŦāĻžāĻ° āĻ‡āĻ‚āĻ°ā§‡āĻœāĻŋ āĻ…āĻ§ā§āĻ¯āĻ¯āĻŧāĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĨ¤'
141:09
Again, ‘every Monday’ means that they do it regularly,
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āĻ†āĻŦāĻžāĻ°, 'āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¤āĻŋ āĻ¸ā§‹āĻŽāĻŦāĻžāĻ°' āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻāĻŸāĻž āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻŽāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡,
141:13
and that's why we use the present simple tense.
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āĻ†āĻ° āĻāĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯āĻ‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ āĻ¸āĻ°āĻ˛ āĻ•āĻžāĻ˛ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋāĨ¤
141:16
‘They studyâ€Ļ’.
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'āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻĒāĻĄāĻŧāĻžāĻļā§‹āĻ¨āĻž āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡...'
141:18
So as a review, remember we use the present simple tense
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āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ˛ā§‹āĻšāĻ¨āĻž āĻšāĻŋāĻ¸āĻžāĻŦā§‡, āĻŽāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ°āĻžāĻ–āĻŦā§‡āĻ¨ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž
141:21
to talk about habits and routines that happen regularly.
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āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻŽāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻ˜āĻŸāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āĻž āĻ…āĻ­ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¸ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ°ā§āĻŸāĻŋāĻ¨ āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ•ā§‡ āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ āĻ¸āĻ°āĻ˛ āĻ•āĻžāĻ˛ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋ
141:26
Let's move on.
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āĨ¤ āĻšāĻ˛ āĻāĻ—ā§‹āĻ‡.
141:27
We also use the present simple tense with non-continuous verbs.
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ…-āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°āĻŦāĻŋāĻšā§āĻ›āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¨ āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻĒāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻ¸āĻžāĻĨā§‡ āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ āĻ¸āĻ°āĻ˛ āĻ•āĻžāĻ˛āĻ“ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋāĨ¤
141:32
These are verbs that we  don't use in the continuous 
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āĻāĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋ āĻāĻŽāĻ¨ āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻ¯āĻž āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŽāĻžāĻ—āĻ¤
141:35
form,
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141:35
even if they're happening right now.
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āĻ†āĻ•āĻžāĻ°ā§‡ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋ āĻ¨āĻž,
āĻāĻŽāĻ¨āĻ•āĻŋ āĻ¯āĻĻāĻŋ āĻ¸ā§‡āĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋ āĻāĻ–āĻ¨āĻ‡ āĻ˜āĻŸāĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤
141:38
They're also called stative verbs.
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āĻāĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋāĻ•ā§‡ āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻŋāĻ¤āĻŋāĻļā§€āĻ˛ āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ“ āĻŦāĻ˛āĻž āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤
141:40
These are connected with thoughts, opinions, feelings, emotions, and our five senses.
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āĻāĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋ āĻšāĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻž, āĻŽāĻ¤āĻžāĻŽāĻ¤, āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻ­ā§‚āĻ¤āĻŋ, āĻ†āĻŦā§‡āĻ— āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻĒāĻžāĻāĻšāĻŸāĻŋ āĻ‡āĻ¨ā§āĻĻā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ° āĻ¸āĻžāĻĨā§‡ āĻ¯ā§āĻ•ā§āĻ¤āĨ¤
141:47
Let's look at these examples.
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āĻ†āĻ¸ā§āĻ¨ āĻāĻ‡ āĻ‰āĻĻāĻžāĻšāĻ°āĻŖ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ•āĻžāĻ¨.
141:48
‘I love my mom.’
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'āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻŽāĻžāĻ•ā§‡ āĻ­āĻžāĻ˛āĻŦāĻžāĻ¸āĻŋ.'
141:50
The verb here is ‘love’.
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āĻāĻ–āĻžāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻĒāĻĻ āĻšāĻ˛ 'āĻĒā§āĻ°ā§‡āĻŽ'āĨ¤
141:52
That's an emotion, so I use the present simple tense.
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āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ†āĻŦā§‡āĻ—, āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ āĻ¸āĻ°āĻ˛ āĻ•āĻžāĻ˛ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋāĨ¤
141:57
‘It smells good.’
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'āĻ—ā§‹āĻ¨ā§āĻ§ā§āĻŸāĻž āĻ­āĻžāĻ˛ā§‹.'
141:59
‘Smell’ is one of the five senses, so I use the present simple tense.
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'āĻ—āĻ¨ā§āĻ§' āĻĒāĻžāĻāĻšāĻŸāĻŋ āĻ‡āĻ¨ā§āĻĻā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ° āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ, āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ āĻ¸āĻ°āĻ˛ āĻ•āĻžāĻ˛ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋāĨ¤
142:03
You'll notice I underlined the ‘s’ because remember the subject is ‘it’.
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āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ˛āĻ•ā§āĻˇā§āĻ¯ āĻ•āĻ°āĻŦā§‡āĻ¨ āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ 's' āĻ†āĻ¨ā§āĻĄāĻžāĻ°āĻ˛āĻžāĻ‡āĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĻ›āĻŋ āĻ•āĻžāĻ°āĻŖ āĻŽāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ°āĻžāĻ–āĻŦā§‡āĻ¨ āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻšāĻ˛ 'āĻāĻŸāĻŋ'āĨ¤
142:10
‘Kelly feels happy.’
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'āĻ•ā§‡āĻ˛āĻŋ āĻ–ā§āĻļāĻŋ āĻ˛āĻžāĻ—āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤'
142:13
This is talking about a feeling.
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āĻāĻŸāĻž āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻž āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻ­ā§‚āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ° āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤
142:15
Again the subject here is ‘Kelly’ which is a ‘she’,
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āĻ†āĻŦāĻžāĻ° āĻāĻ–āĻžāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻšāĻ˛ 'āĻ•ā§‡āĻ˛āĻŋ' āĻ¯āĻž āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ 'āĻ¸ā§‡',
142:19
so I added an ‘s’ to the verb.
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āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻĒāĻĻā§‡ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ 's' āĻ¯ā§‹āĻ— āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāĨ¤
142:22
And finally, ‘They need help.’
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āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ…āĻŦāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§‡, 'āĻ¤āĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻ¸āĻžāĻšāĻžāĻ¯ā§āĻ¯ āĻĻāĻ°āĻ•āĻžāĻ°āĨ¤'
142:26
We don't say, ‘they are needing help’ even though it's happening right now.
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻŦāĻ˛āĻŋ āĻ¨āĻž, 'āĻ¤āĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻ¸āĻžāĻšāĻžāĻ¯ā§āĻ¯ āĻĻāĻ°āĻ•āĻžāĻ°' āĻ¯āĻĻāĻŋāĻ“ āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻāĻ–āĻ¨āĻ‡ āĻ˜āĻŸāĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤
142:30
‘Need’ is non-continuous, so we say, ‘they need help’,
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'āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¯āĻŧā§‹āĻœāĻ¨' āĻ…āĻŦāĻŋāĻšā§āĻ›āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¨, āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻŦāĻ˛āĻŋ, 'āĻ¤āĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻ¸āĻžāĻšāĻžāĻ¯ā§āĻ¯ā§‡āĻ° āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¯āĻŧā§‹āĻœāĻ¨',
142:34
so remember you also use the present simple tense with non-continuous verbs,
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āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻŽāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ°āĻžāĻ–āĻŦā§‡āĻ¨ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻšāĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻž, āĻŽāĻ¤āĻžāĻŽāĻ¤, āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻ­ā§‚āĻ¤āĻŋ, āĻ†āĻŦā§‡āĻ— āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻĒāĻžāĻāĻšāĻŸāĻŋ āĻ‡āĻ¨ā§āĻĻā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ° āĻ¸āĻžāĻĨā§‡ āĻ¸āĻ‚āĻ¯ā§āĻ•ā§āĻ¤
142:40
connected with thoughts, opinions, feelings, emotions, and our five senses.
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āĻ…āĻŦāĻŋāĻšā§āĻ›āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¨ āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻĒāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻ¸āĻžāĻĨā§‡ āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ āĻ¸āĻ°āĻ˛ āĻ•āĻžāĻ˛ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻ¨ āĨ¤ āĻšāĻ˛ āĻāĻ—ā§‹āĻ‡.
142:45
Let's move on.
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āĻ…āĻĻā§‚āĻ° āĻ­āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ¯āĻ¤ā§‡
142:46
Speakers occasionally use the present simple tense to talk about something that will happen
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āĻ˜āĻŸāĻŦā§‡ āĻāĻŽāĻ¨ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ›ā§ āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ•ā§‡ āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āĻŦāĻ˛āĻžāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻŦāĻ•ā§āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻŽāĻžāĻā§‡ āĻŽāĻžāĻā§‡ āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ āĻ¸āĻ°āĻ˛ āĻ•āĻžāĻ˛ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĻ¨
142:51
in the near future.
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āĨ¤
142:53
Now this can be a little confusing, but we're not using the future tense,
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āĻāĻ–āĻ¨ āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŸā§ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ­ā§āĻ°āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ•āĻ° āĻšāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡, āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ­āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ¯āĻ¤ āĻ•āĻžāĻ˛ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻ›āĻŋ āĻ¨āĻž,
142:58
we're using the present simple tense.
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ āĻ¸āĻžāĻ§āĻžāĻ°āĻŖ āĻ•āĻžāĻ˛ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻ›āĻŋāĨ¤
143:00
It's possible to do that and it's actually common for people to do that.
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āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻ­āĻŦ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻˇā§‡āĻ° āĻĒāĻ•ā§āĻˇā§‡ āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻ¸āĻžāĻ§āĻžāĻ°āĻŖāĨ¤
143:04
Again, for something that will happen in the near future.
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āĻ†āĻŦāĻžāĻ°, āĻ…āĻĻā§‚āĻ° āĻ­āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ¯āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ˜āĻŸāĻŦā§‡ āĻāĻŽāĻ¨ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ›ā§āĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯āĨ¤
143:08
Let's look at the examples.
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āĻ†āĻ¸ā§āĻ¨ āĻ‰āĻĻāĻžāĻšāĻ°āĻŖāĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋ āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻŋāĨ¤
143:10
‘I have class at 6 p.m.’
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'āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ 6 pm āĻ•ā§āĻ˛āĻžāĻ¸ āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡'
143:13
‘6 p.m.’ that's pretty soon, so I can say,
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'6 pm' āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻ–ā§āĻŦ āĻļā§€āĻ˜ā§āĻ°āĻ‡, āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°āĻŋ,
143:17
'I have class.'
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'āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻ•ā§āĻ˛āĻžāĻ¸ āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤'
143:18
- the present simple tense.
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- āĻ¸āĻžāĻ§āĻžāĻ°āĻ¨ āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ āĻ•āĻžāĻ˛.
143:21
‘Lisa arrives on Sunday.’
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'āĻ˛āĻŋāĻ¸āĻž āĻ°āĻŦāĻŋāĻŦāĻžāĻ° āĻ†āĻ¸āĻŦā§‡āĨ¤'
143:23
Again the near future, ‘Sunday’.
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āĻ†āĻŦāĻžāĻ° āĻ…āĻĻā§‚āĻ° āĻ­āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ¯āĻ¤ā§‡ 'āĻ°āĻŦāĻŋāĻŦāĻžāĻ°'āĨ¤
143:26
So I use the present simple tense.
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āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ āĻ¸āĻ°āĻ˛ āĻ•āĻžāĻ˛ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋāĨ¤
143:29
I added an ‘s’ at the end of arrive, because Lisa, the subject, is a ‘she’.
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻĒā§ŒāĻāĻ›āĻžāĻ¨ā§‹āĻ° āĻļā§‡āĻˇā§‡ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ 's' āĻ¯ā§‹āĻ— āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĻ›āĻŋ, āĻ•āĻžāĻ°āĻŖ āĻ˛āĻŋāĻ¸āĻž, āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇāĻ¯āĻŧ, āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ 'āĻ¸ā§‡'āĨ¤
143:37
‘We start work soon.’
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'āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻļā§€āĻ˜ā§āĻ°āĻ‡ āĻ•āĻžāĻœ āĻļā§āĻ°ā§ āĻ•āĻ°āĻŦāĨ¤'
143:39
Again, the near future, ‘soon’,
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āĻ†āĻŦāĻžāĻ°, āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ•āĻŸ āĻ­āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ¯āĻ¤, 'āĻļā§€āĻ˜ā§āĻ°āĻ‡',
143:42
so I use the present simple verb ‘start’.
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āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ āĻ¸āĻ°āĻ˛ āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž 'āĻļā§āĻ°ā§' āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋāĨ¤
143:46
And finally, ‘My students come tomorrow.’
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āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ…āĻŦāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§‡, 'āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻ›āĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻ°āĻ°āĻž āĻ†āĻ—āĻžāĻŽā§€āĻ•āĻžāĻ˛ āĻ†āĻ¸āĻŦā§‡āĨ¤'
143:50
This is something that will happen in the near future,
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āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻāĻŽāĻ¨ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ›ā§ āĻ¯āĻž āĻ…āĻĻā§‚āĻ° āĻ­āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ¯āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ˜āĻŸāĻŦā§‡,
143:53
so I use the verb ‘come’.
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āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ 'āĻ†āĻ¸āĻž' āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋāĨ¤
143:56
So remember it is possible, and it is common to use the present simple tense
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āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻŽāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ°āĻžāĻ–āĻŦā§‡āĻ¨ āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻ­āĻŦ, āĻāĻŦāĻ‚
144:02
to talk about something that will happen in the near future.
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āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ•āĻŸ āĻ­āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ¯āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ˜āĻŸāĻŦā§‡ āĻāĻŽāĻ¨ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ›ā§ āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ•ā§‡ āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ āĻ¸āĻ°āĻ˛ āĻ•āĻžāĻ˛ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻ¸āĻžāĻ§āĻžāĻ°āĻŖāĨ¤
144:05
Let's go to the next usage.
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āĻāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§€ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ°ā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨.
144:07
Let's talk about a possible negative usage for the present simple tense,
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āĻšāĻ˛ā§āĻ¨ āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ āĻ¸āĻ°āĻ˛ āĻ•āĻžāĻ˛ā§‡āĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻ­āĻžāĻŦā§āĻ¯ āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ¤āĻŋāĻŦāĻžāĻšāĻ• āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ•ā§‡ āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āĻŦāĻ˛āĻŋ,
144:12
and that is ‘do not’ and ‘does not’.
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āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ¸ā§‡āĻŸāĻŋ āĻšāĻ˛ 'do not' āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ 'does not'āĨ¤
144:15
The first example says, ‘Mike eats bread.’
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āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽ āĻ‰āĻĻāĻžāĻšāĻ°āĻŖ āĻŦāĻ˛ā§‡, 'āĻŽāĻžāĻ‡āĻ• āĻ°ā§āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ–āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤'
144:19
I put an ‘s’ at the end of ‘eat’ because the subject is Mike which is a ‘he’.
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ 'āĻ–āĻžāĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧāĻž' āĻāĻ° āĻļā§‡āĻˇā§‡ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ 'āĻāĻ¸' āĻ°āĻžāĻ–āĻ˛āĻžāĻŽ āĻ•āĻžāĻ°āĻŖ āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻšāĻ˛ āĻŽāĻžāĻ‡āĻ• āĻ¯āĻž 'āĻ¸ā§‡'āĨ¤
144:25
Now that's not a negative statement.
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āĻāĻ–āĻ¨ āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ¤āĻŋāĻŦāĻžāĻšāĻ• āĻŦāĻŋāĻŦā§ƒāĻ¤āĻŋ āĻ¨āĻž.
144:28
What happens when I want to turn it into a negative statement?
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āĻ¯āĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻŸāĻŋāĻ•ā§‡ āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ¤āĻŋāĻŦāĻžāĻšāĻ• āĻŦāĻŋāĻŦā§ƒāĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻŖāĻ¤ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻžāĻ‡ āĻ¤āĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ•ā§€ āĻšāĻŦā§‡?
144:31
Well I change it like this - ‘Mike doesn't eat bread.’
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āĻ†āĻšā§āĻ›āĻž āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻ­āĻžāĻŦā§‡ āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤āĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋ - 'āĻŽāĻžāĻ‡āĻ• āĻ°ā§āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ–āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ¨āĻžāĨ¤'
144:36
So you'll notice that I didn't move the ‘s’ here, okay.
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āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ˛āĻ•ā§āĻˇā§āĻ¯ āĻ•āĻ°āĻŦā§‡āĻ¨ āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻ–āĻžāĻ¨ā§‡ 's' āĻ¸āĻ°āĻžāĻ¨āĻ¨āĻŋ, āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤
144:39
Instead I added ‘doesn't’.
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āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ 'āĻ¨āĻž' āĻ¯ā§‹āĻ— āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāĨ¤
144:43
I took ‘does’ and ‘not’ and I turned it into a contraction by combining the two
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ 'āĻ•āĻ°āĻ›ā§‡' āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ 'āĻ¨āĻž' āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ›āĻŋ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻĻā§āĻŸāĻŋāĻ•ā§‡ āĻāĻ•āĻ¤ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¤ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡
144:48
and making it ‘doesn't’.
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āĻāĻŸāĻŋāĻ•ā§‡ 'āĻ•āĻ°āĻ›ā§‡ āĻ¨āĻž' āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡ āĻ¸āĻ‚āĻ•ā§‹āĻšāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻŖāĻ¤ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāĨ¤
144:50
So if the subject is ‘he’, ‘she’, or ‘it’,
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āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻ¯āĻĻāĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇāĻ¯āĻŧ 'āĻ¸ā§‡', 'āĻ¸ā§‡', āĻŦāĻž 'āĻāĻŸāĻŋ' āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧ,
144:54
we use ‘does not’ or ‘doesn't’ to make it negative.
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻāĻŸāĻŋāĻ•ā§‡ āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ¤āĻŋāĻŦāĻžāĻšāĻ• āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ 'āĻ¨āĻž āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡' āĻŦāĻž 'āĻ¨āĻž āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡' āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋāĨ¤
144:58
‘You swim well.’
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'āĻ¤ā§āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ­āĻžāĻ˛ā§‹ āĻ¸āĻžāĻāĻ¤āĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻžāĻŸā§‹āĨ¤'
145:00
In this case, I don't need to put an ‘s’ at the end of ‘swim’ because the subject
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āĻāĻ‡ āĻ•ā§āĻˇā§‡āĻ¤ā§āĻ°ā§‡, āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ° 'āĻ¸āĻžāĻāĻ¤āĻžāĻ°' āĻāĻ° āĻļā§‡āĻˇā§‡ 'āĻ¸' āĻĻā§‡āĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ° āĻĻāĻ°āĻ•āĻžāĻ° āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ‡ āĻ•āĻžāĻ°āĻŖ
145:05
is ‘you’.
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āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇāĻ¯āĻŧāĻŸāĻŋ 'āĻ¤ā§āĻŽāĻŋ'āĨ¤
145:06
If I want to make this sentence negative, I use ‘don't’.
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āĻ¯āĻĻāĻŋ āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻ‡ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¯āĻŸāĻŋāĻ•ā§‡ āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ¤āĻŋāĻŦāĻžāĻšāĻ• āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻžāĻ‡, āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ 'āĻ¨āĻž' āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋāĨ¤
145:11
‘You don't swim well.’
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'āĻ¤ā§āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ­āĻžāĻ˛ā§‹ āĻ¸āĻžāĻāĻ¤āĻžāĻ° āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‹ āĻ¨āĻžāĨ¤'
145:14
I use the contraction for ‘do’ and ‘not’.
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ 'āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻ¨' āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ 'āĻ¨āĻž'-āĻāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ¸āĻ‚āĻ•ā§‹āĻšāĻ¨ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋāĨ¤
145:17
I combine them to make ‘don't’,
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋāĻ•ā§‡ 'āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ¨āĻž' āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻāĻ•āĻ¤ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¤ āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋ,
145:20
so if the subject is ‘I’, ‘you’, ‘we’, or ‘they’,
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āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻ¯āĻĻāĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇāĻ¯āĻŧ 'āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ', 'āĻ¤ā§āĻŽāĻŋ', 'āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž', āĻŦāĻž 'āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž' āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧ,
145:24
we use ‘do not’ or ‘don't’.
2839
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž 'āĻ•āĻ°āĻŦ āĻ¨āĻž' āĻŦāĻž 'āĻ•āĻ°āĻŦ āĻ¨āĻž' āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋāĨ¤
145:28
So to review ‘do not’ and ‘does not’ or ‘don't’ and ‘doesn't’
2840
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āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ 'āĻ•āĻ°ā§‹ āĻ¨āĻž' āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ 'āĻ¨āĻž āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧ' āĻŦāĻž 'āĻ¨āĻž' āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ 'āĻ¨āĻž āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧ' āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ˛ā§‹āĻšāĻ¨āĻž āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ āĻ¸āĻžāĻ§āĻžāĻ°āĻŖ
145:33
is a possible usage for the negative for present simple
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āĻ•āĻžāĻ˛ā§‡āĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ¤āĻŋāĻŦāĻžāĻšāĻ•ā§‡āĻ° āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻ­āĻžāĻŦā§āĻ¯ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ°
145:37
tense.
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240
āĨ¤
145:38
Let's continue on.
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āĻšāĻ˛ā§āĻ¨ āĻšāĻžāĻ˛āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨.
145:40
Now I'll talk about one possible question form for the present simple tense
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āĻāĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ āĻ¸āĻ°āĻ˛ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻ­āĻžāĻŦā§āĻ¯ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻļā§āĻ¨ āĻĢāĻ°ā§āĻŽ āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ•ā§‡ āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āĻŦāĻ˛āĻŦ
145:45
and that is by using ‘do’ or ‘does’.
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āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ¤āĻž āĻšāĻ˛ 'do' āĻŦāĻž 'does' āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĨ¤
145:48
So let's look at the example, ‘They live here.’
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āĻ¸ā§āĻ¤āĻ°āĻžāĻ‚ āĻ†āĻ¸ā§āĻ¨ āĻ‰āĻĻāĻžāĻšāĻ°āĻŖāĻŸāĻŋ āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻŋ, 'āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻāĻ–āĻžāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•ā§‡āĨ¤'
145:51
That's not a question, right?
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āĻāĻŸāĻž āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻž āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻļā§āĻ¨ āĻ¨āĻž, āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻ¨āĻž?
145:54
'They live here’
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'āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻāĻ–āĻžāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•ā§‡'
145:55
In order to turn it into a question, it's really simple.
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āĻāĻŸāĻŋāĻ•ā§‡ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻļā§āĻ¨ā§‡ āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻŖāĻ¤ āĻ•āĻ°āĻžāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯, āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¸āĻ¤ā§āĻ¯āĻŋāĻ‡ āĻ¸āĻšāĻœāĨ¤
145:59
All I have to do is add ‘do’ to the beginning and add a question mark at the end.
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ•ā§‡ āĻ¯āĻž āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻŦā§‡ āĻ¤āĻž āĻšāĻ˛ āĻļā§āĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§‡ 'do' āĻ¯ā§‹āĻ— āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻŦā§‡ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻļā§‡āĻˇā§‡ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻļā§āĻ¨ āĻšāĻŋāĻšā§āĻ¨ āĻ¯ā§‹āĻ— āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻŦā§‡āĨ¤
146:05
‘Do they live here?’
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'āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻ•āĻŋ āĻāĻ–āĻžāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•ā§‡?'
146:07
So if the subject is ‘I’, ‘you’, ‘we’, or ‘they’,
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āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻ¯āĻĻāĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇāĻ¯āĻŧ 'āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ', 'āĻ¤ā§āĻŽāĻŋ', 'āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž', āĻŦāĻž 'āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž' āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧ,
146:11
simply add ‘do’ to the beginning of the question.
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āĻ¤āĻžāĻšāĻ˛ā§‡ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻļā§āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ° āĻļā§āĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§‡ 'āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻ¨' āĻ¯ā§‹āĻ— āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻ¨āĨ¤
146:15
How about this one, ‘He plays soccer.’
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āĻāĻŸāĻž āĻ•ā§‡āĻŽāĻ¨, 'āĻ¸ā§‡ āĻĢā§āĻŸāĻŦāĻ˛ āĻ–ā§‡āĻ˛ā§‡āĨ¤'
146:18
In this statement, the subject is ‘he’ and that's why you should know by now,
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āĻāĻ‡ āĻŦāĻŋāĻŦā§ƒāĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¤ā§‡, āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻšāĻ˛ 'āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋ' āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ¸ā§‡āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ° āĻāĻ¤āĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻŖā§‡ āĻœā§‡āĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻ‰āĻšāĻŋāĻ¤,
146:24
I have an ‘s’ at the end of ‘play’.
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ° 'āĻ–ā§‡āĻ˛āĻž' āĻļā§‡āĻˇā§‡ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ 'āĻ¸' āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤
146:27
However, to turn this into a question, I add ‘does’ at the beginning.
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āĻ¯āĻžāĻ‡āĻšā§‹āĻ•, āĻāĻŸāĻŋāĻ•ā§‡ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻļā§āĻ¨ā§‡ āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻŖāĻ¤ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡, āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻļā§āĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§‡ 'āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡' āĻ¯ā§‹āĻ— āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋāĨ¤
146:33
‘Does he play soccer?’
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'āĻ¸ā§‡ āĻ•āĻŋ āĻĢā§āĻŸāĻŦāĻ˛ āĻ–ā§‡āĻ˛ā§‡?'
146:36
What you'll notice here is that I no longer have the ‘s’ at the end of play.
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āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻāĻ–āĻžāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ¯āĻž āĻ˛āĻ•ā§āĻˇā§āĻ¯ āĻ•āĻ°āĻŦā§‡āĻ¨ āĻ¤āĻž āĻšāĻ˛ āĻ–ā§‡āĻ˛āĻžāĻ° āĻļā§‡āĻˇā§‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻ†āĻ° 's' āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ‡āĨ¤
146:41
Instead I just used ‘does’ at the beginning,
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āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻļā§āĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻļā§āĻ§ā§ 'does' āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĻ›āĻŋ,
146:45
so for ‘he’, ‘she’, or ‘it’, put ‘does’ at the beginning,
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āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ 'he', 'she', or 'it'-āĻāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯, āĻļā§āĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§‡ 'does' āĻ˛āĻŋāĻ–ā§āĻ¨,
146:49
and don't worry about putting an ‘s’ or ‘es’ at the end of the verb.
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āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ 's' āĻŦāĻž 'es' āĻŦāĻ¸āĻžāĻ¨ā§‹āĻ° āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻšāĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻž āĻ•āĻ°āĻŦā§‡āĻ¨ āĻ¨āĻž āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻĒāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻļā§‡āĻˇāĨ¤
146:54
So to review, one possible way of forming a question for the present simple tense is
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āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ˛ā§‹āĻšāĻ¨āĻž āĻ•āĻ°āĻžāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯, āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ āĻ¸āĻ°āĻ˛ āĻ•āĻžāĻ˛ā§‡āĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻļā§āĻ¨ āĻ—āĻ āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ° āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻ­āĻžāĻŦā§āĻ¯ āĻ‰āĻĒāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻšāĻ˛
147:01
using ‘do’ or ‘does’ at the beginning.
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āĻļā§āĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§‡ 'do' āĻŦāĻž 'does' āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻžāĨ¤
147:04
Alright let's move on.
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡ āĻšāĻ˛ā§āĻ¨ āĻšāĻ˛ā§āĻ¨.
147:05
Let's start with the first checkup.
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āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽ āĻšā§‡āĻ•āĻ†āĻĒ āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻļā§āĻ°ā§ āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•āĨ¤
147:08
In this checkup, I want you to focus on the ‘be’ verbs.
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āĻāĻ‡ āĻšā§‡āĻ•āĻ†āĻĒā§‡, āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻšāĻžāĻ‡ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ 'āĻšāĻ“' āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻĒāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻ‰āĻĒāĻ° āĻĢā§‹āĻ•āĻžāĻ¸ āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻ¨āĨ¤
147:12
Remember ‘be’ verbs, in the present simple tense, can be ‘is’, ‘am’, or ‘are’.
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āĻŽāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ°āĻžāĻ–āĻŦā§‡āĻ¨ 'be' āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻĒāĻĻ, āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ āĻ¸āĻ°āĻ˛ āĻ•āĻžāĻ˛ā§‡āĻ° āĻŽāĻ§ā§āĻ¯ā§‡, 'is', 'am', āĻŦāĻž 'are' āĻšāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡āĨ¤
147:19
Take a look at the first sentence.
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āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¯āĻŸāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŦāĻžāĻ° āĻĻā§‡āĻ–ā§āĻ¨āĨ¤
147:21
It says, ‘She _ blank _ at school.’
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āĻ¤āĻžāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ˛ā§‡āĻ–āĻž āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡, 'āĻ¸ā§‡ _ āĻ–āĻžāĻ˛āĻŋ _ āĻ¸ā§āĻ•ā§āĻ˛ā§‡āĨ¤'
147:25
The subject of this sentence is ‘she’.
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āĻāĻ‡ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¯ā§‡āĻ° āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇāĻ¯āĻŧ 'āĻ¸ā§‡'āĨ¤
147:29
What ‘be’ verb do we use for ‘she’?
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'āĻ¸ā§‡'-āĻāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ•ā§€ 'āĻŦā§‡' āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋ?
147:31
The correct answer is ‘is’.
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āĻ¸āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ‰āĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻ° āĻšāĻ˛ 'āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧ'āĨ¤
147:36
Now if you were thinking of the negative, the
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āĻāĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ¯āĻĻāĻŋ āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ¤āĻŋāĻŦāĻžāĻšāĻ• āĻšāĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻž āĻ•āĻ°āĻ›ā§‡āĻ¨,
147:39
correct answer would be ‘she isn't’
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8859120
2640
āĻ¸āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ‰āĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻ° āĻšāĻŦā§‡ 'āĻ¸ā§‡ āĻ¨āĻ¯āĻŧ'
147:41
or ‘she is not’.
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2560
āĻŦāĻž 'āĻ¸ā§‡ āĻ¨āĻ¯āĻŧ'āĨ¤
147:44
That's correct as well.
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āĻāĻŸāĻžāĻ“ āĻ āĻŋāĻ•āĨ¤
147:46
And if we want to use a contraction for ‘she is’, we can say ‘she's at school’
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āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ¯āĻĻāĻŋ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž 'āĻ¸ā§‡ āĻ‡āĻœ' āĻāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¸āĻ‚āĻ•ā§‹āĻšāĻ¨ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻžāĻ‡, āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°āĻŋ 'āĻ¸ā§‡ āĻ¸ā§āĻ•ā§āĻ˛ā§‡ āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡'
147:53
For the next one, it says, ‘They _ blank _ twenty years old.’
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āĻĒāĻ°ā§‡āĻ°āĻŸāĻŋāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯, āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻ˛ā§‡, 'āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž _ āĻĢāĻžāĻāĻ•āĻž _ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļ āĻŦāĻ›āĻ° āĻŦāĻ¯āĻŧāĻ¸ā§€āĨ¤'
147:59
The subject of this sentence is ‘they’.
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āĻāĻ‡ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¯ā§‡āĻ° āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇāĻ¯āĻŧ 'āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž'āĨ¤
148:02
What ‘be’ verb do we use for ‘they’?
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž 'āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž'-āĻāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ•ā§€ 'āĻŦā§‡' āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋ?
148:05
The correct answer is ‘are’.
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āĻ¸āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ‰āĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻ° āĻšāĻ˛ 'āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧ'āĨ¤
148:12
For the negative, you can also use ‘aren't’ or ‘are not’.
2883
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āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ¤āĻŋāĻŦāĻžāĻšāĻ• āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯, āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ 'arn't' āĻŦāĻž 'are not' āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡āĻ¨āĨ¤
148:17
Also if you want to use the contraction for ‘they are’, you can say,
2884
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āĻāĻ›āĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻžāĻ“ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ¯āĻĻāĻŋ 'āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž' āĻāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ¸āĻ‚āĻ•ā§‹āĻšāĻ¨ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻžāĻ¨ āĻ¤āĻŦā§‡ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡āĻ¨,
148:22
‘They're 20 years old.’
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'āĻ¤āĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻŦāĻ¯āĻŧāĻ¸ 20 āĻŦāĻ›āĻ°āĨ¤'
148:26
The next sentence says, ‘His father _ blank_ busy.’
2886
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3841
āĻĒāĻ°ā§‡āĻ° āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¯āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻ˛ā§‡, 'āĻ¤āĻžāĻ° āĻŦāĻžāĻŦāĻž_āĻ–āĻžāĻ˛āĻŋ_āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻ¸ā§āĻ¤āĨ¤'
148:31
The subject of this sentence is ‘his father’.
2887
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āĻāĻ‡ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¯ā§‡āĻ° āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇāĻ¯āĻŧ 'āĻ¤āĻžāĻ° āĻĒāĻŋāĻ¤āĻž'āĨ¤
148:35
What subject pronoun do we use for ‘his father’?
2888
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž 'āĻ¤āĻžāĻ° āĻĒāĻŋāĻ¤āĻž' āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ•ā§‹āĻ¨ āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ¸āĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻ¨āĻžāĻŽ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋ?
148:39
The correct answer is ‘he’.
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āĻ¸āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ‰āĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻ° āĻšāĻ˛ 'āĻ¸ā§‡'āĨ¤
148:41
Remember for ‘he’, ‘she’, ‘it’, the ‘be’ verb is ‘is’.
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'āĻ¸ā§‡', 'āĻ¸ā§‡', 'āĻāĻŸāĻŋ'-āĻāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻŽāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ°āĻžāĻ–āĻŦā§‡āĻ¨, 'āĻšāĻŦā§‡' āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻšāĻ˛ 'āĻ‡āĻ¸'āĨ¤
148:48
For the negative, we can say ‘isn't’ or ‘is not’.
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āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ¤āĻŋāĻŦāĻžāĻšāĻ• āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯, āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž 'āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ¨āĻž' āĻŦāĻž 'āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ¨āĻž' āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°āĻŋāĨ¤
148:53
And for a contraction, for ‘father’ and ‘is’, we can say, ‘His father's busy.’
2892
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āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ¸āĻ‚āĻ•ā§‹āĻšāĻ¨ā§‡āĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯, 'āĻŦāĻžāĻŦāĻž' āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ 'āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧ'-āĻāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯, āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°āĻŋ, 'āĻ¤āĻžāĻ° āĻŦāĻžāĻŦāĻž āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻ¸ā§āĻ¤āĨ¤'
149:00
Now I want you to try to find the mistakes in this sentence.
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āĻāĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻšāĻžāĻ‡ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻāĻ‡ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¯āĻŸāĻŋāĻ° āĻ­ā§āĻ˛āĻ—ā§āĻ˛ā§‹ āĻ–ā§āĻāĻœā§‡ āĻŦā§‡āĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻžāĻ° āĻšā§‡āĻˇā§āĻŸāĻž āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻ¨āĨ¤
149:08
‘We isn't good friends.’
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'āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ­āĻžāĻ˛ā§‹ āĻŦāĻ¨ā§āĻ§ā§ āĻ¨āĻ‡āĨ¤'
149:11
Did you find the mistake?
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āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ•āĻŋ āĻ­ā§āĻ˛ āĻ–ā§āĻāĻœā§‡ āĻĒā§‡āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ›ā§‡āĻ¨?
149:15
This is the mistake.
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āĻāĻ‡ āĻ­ā§āĻ˛āĨ¤
149:17
The subject is ‘we’ and the ‘be’ verb is ‘are’.
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āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻšāĻ˛ 'āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž' āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ 'āĻšāĻŦā§‡' āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻšāĻ˛ 'are'āĨ¤
149:22
Therefore, the correct answer is ‘we are not’,
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āĻ…āĻ¤āĻāĻŦ, āĻ¸āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ‰āĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻ° āĻšāĻ˛ 'āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ¨āĻ‡',
149:25
or the contraction, ‘we aren't good friends.’
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āĻŦāĻž āĻ¸āĻ‚āĻ•ā§‹āĻšāĻ¨, 'āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ­āĻžāĻ˛ā§‹ āĻŦāĻ¨ā§āĻ§ā§ āĻ¨āĻ‡āĨ¤'
149:33
The next sentence.
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āĻĒāĻ°ā§‡āĻ° āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¯āĨ¤
149:35
Can you find the mistake?
2901
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āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ­ā§āĻ˛ āĻ–ā§āĻāĻœā§‡ āĻĒā§‡āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡āĻ¨?
149:37
‘Are John a teacher?’
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'āĻœāĻ¨ āĻ•āĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻœāĻ¨ āĻļāĻŋāĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻ•?'
149:40
Think about the subject of this sentence.
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āĻāĻ‡ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¯ā§‡āĻ° āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ•ā§‡ āĻšāĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻž āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻ¨.
149:44
The subject is ‘John’.
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āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇāĻ¯āĻŧ 'āĻœāĻ¨'āĨ¤
149:46
And ‘John’, the subject pronoun is ‘he’.
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āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ 'āĻœāĻ¨', āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ¸āĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻ¨āĻžāĻŽ āĻšāĻ˛ 'āĻ¸ā§‡'āĨ¤
149:50
Therefore, we don't use ‘are’, we use ‘is’.
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āĻ…āĻ¤āĻāĻŦ, āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž 'are' āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋ āĻ¨āĻž, āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž 'is' āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋāĨ¤
149:56
‘Is John a teacher?’
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'āĻœāĻ¨ āĻ•āĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻœāĻ¨ āĻļāĻŋāĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻ•?'
150:00
‘Is John a teacher?’
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'āĻœāĻ¨ āĻ•āĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻœāĻ¨ āĻļāĻŋāĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻ•?'
150:01
And finally, ‘It am a puppy.’
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āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ…āĻŦāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§‡, 'āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ•ā§āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻ›āĻžāĻ¨āĻžāĨ¤'
150:05
hmm This one is a big mistake.
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āĻšā§āĻŽ āĻāĻŸāĻž āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻž āĻŦāĻĄāĻŧ āĻ­ā§āĻ˛āĨ¤
150:08
The subject here is ‘it’.
2911
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āĻāĻ–āĻžāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻšāĻ˛ 'āĻāĻŸāĻŋ'āĨ¤
150:10
What ‘be’ verb do we use for ‘it’?
2912
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž 'āĻāĻŸāĻŋ' āĻāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ•ā§€ 'āĻŦā§‡' āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋ?
150:13
The correct answer is ‘is’.
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9013840
2000
āĻ¸āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ‰āĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻ° āĻšāĻ˛ 'āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧ'āĨ¤
150:16
So we don't say, ‘It am a puppy,’ we say, ‘It is a puppy.’
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āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻŦāĻ˛āĻŋ āĻ¨āĻž, 'āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ•ā§āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻ›āĻžāĻ¨āĻž,' āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻŦāĻ˛āĻŋ, 'āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ•ā§āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻ›āĻžāĻ¨āĻžāĨ¤'
150:22
Great job guys.
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āĻŽāĻšāĻžāĻ¨ āĻ•āĻžāĻœ āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ›āĻŋ.
150:23
Let's move on to the next checkup.
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āĻāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§€ āĻšā§‡āĻ•āĻ†āĻĒā§‡ āĻāĻ—āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•āĨ¤
150:25
For the next checkup, I want you to think of some other verbs in the present simple
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āĻĒāĻ°āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§€ āĻšā§‡āĻ•āĻ†āĻĒā§‡āĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯, āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻšāĻžāĻ‡ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ āĻ¸āĻ°āĻ˛
150:30
tense.
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āĻ•āĻžāĻ˛ā§‡āĻ° āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻĒāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āĻ­āĻžāĻŦā§āĻ¨āĨ¤
150:31
Take a look at the first sentence.
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āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¯āĻŸāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŦāĻžāĻ° āĻĻā§‡āĻ–ā§āĻ¨āĨ¤
150:33
‘He __ blank __ â€Ļ’, I want you to think of the verb, ‘like his dinner’.
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'āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋ __ āĻĢāĻžāĻāĻ•āĻž __ â€Ļ', āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻšāĻžāĻ‡ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻŸāĻŋ āĻ­āĻžāĻŦā§āĻ¨, 'āĻ¤āĻžāĻ° āĻ°āĻžāĻ¤ā§‡āĻ° āĻ–āĻžāĻŦāĻžāĻ°ā§‡āĻ° āĻŽāĻ¤ā§‹'āĨ¤
150:39
What do we do to the verb when the subject is ‘he’, ‘she’, or ‘it’?
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻĒāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻ•ā§€ āĻ•āĻ°āĻŦ āĻ¯āĻ–āĻ¨ āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇāĻ¯āĻŧ 'āĻ¸ā§‡', 'āĻ¸ā§‡', āĻŦāĻž 'āĻāĻŸāĻŋ' āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧ?
150:44
Remember we add an ‘s’.
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āĻŽāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ°āĻžāĻ–āĻŦā§‡āĻ¨ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ 's' āĻ¯ā§‹āĻ— āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋāĨ¤
150:46
‘He likes his dinner.’
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'āĻ¸ā§‡ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ° āĻĄāĻŋāĻ¨āĻžāĻ° āĻĒāĻ›āĻ¨ā§āĻĻ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĨ¤'
150:50
For the negative, you can also say, ‘He doesn't like his dinner.’
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āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ¤āĻŋāĻŦāĻžāĻšāĻ• āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯, āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡āĻ¨, 'āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ° āĻĄāĻŋāĻ¨āĻžāĻ° āĻĒāĻ›āĻ¨ā§āĻĻ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĻ¨ āĻ¨āĻžāĨ¤'
150:56
The next sentence says, ‘My students __ blank __â€Ļ’, I want you to think of ‘need’,
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āĻĒāĻ°ā§‡āĻ° āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¯āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻ˛ā§‡, 'āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻ›āĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻ°āĻ°āĻž __ āĻĢāĻžāĻāĻ•āĻž __â€Ļ', āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻšāĻžāĻ‡ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ 'āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¯āĻŧā§‹āĻœāĻ¨',
151:01
‘â€Ļbooks’.
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'...āĻŦāĻ‡' āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻ­āĻžāĻŦā§āĻ¨āĨ¤
151:03
What is the subject pronoun for ‘my students’?
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9063760
3120
'āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻ›āĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻ°āĻĻā§‡āĻ°' āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ¸āĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻ¨āĻžāĻŽ āĻ•āĻŋ?
151:07
The correct answer is ‘they’.
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1681
āĻ¸āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ‰āĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻ° āĻšāĻ˛ 'āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž'āĨ¤
151:10
If the subject is ‘I’, ‘you’, ‘we’, or ‘they’, in the present simple tense,
2929
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āĻ¯āĻĻāĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇāĻ¯āĻŧ 'āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ', 'āĻ¤ā§āĻŽāĻŋ', 'āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž', āĻŦāĻž 'āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž' āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧ, āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ āĻ¸āĻ°āĻ˛ āĻ•āĻžāĻ˛ā§‡āĻ° āĻŽāĻ§ā§āĻ¯ā§‡,
151:15
we don't change the verb, we keep it as is.
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤āĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋ āĻ¨āĻž, āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻāĻŸāĻŋāĻ•ā§‡ āĻ°āĻžāĻ–āĻŋāĨ¤
151:19
So the correct answer is, ‘My students need books.’
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āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻ¸āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ‰āĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻ° āĻšāĻ˛, 'āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻ›āĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻ°āĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻŦāĻ‡ āĻĻāĻ°āĻ•āĻžāĻ°āĨ¤'
151:25
Now for the negative, you can say, ‘My students don't need books.’
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āĻāĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ¤āĻŋāĻŦāĻžāĻšāĻ• āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯, āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡āĻ¨, 'āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻ›āĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻ°āĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻŦāĻ‡āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ° āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¯āĻŧā§‹āĻœāĻ¨ āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ‡āĨ¤'
151:31
The next sentence says, ‘I __ blank __â€Ļ’, think of the verb,
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āĻĒāĻ°ā§‡āĻ° āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¯āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻ˛ā§‡, 'āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ __ āĻĢāĻžāĻāĻ•āĻž __â€Ļ', āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻĒāĻĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻ­āĻžāĻŦā§āĻ¨,
151:35
‘â€Ļlive in London.’
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'...āĻ˛āĻ¨ā§āĻĄāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻŦāĻžāĻ¸ āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋāĨ¤'
151:38
What do we do here?
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻāĻ–āĻžāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ•āĻŋ āĻ•āĻ°āĻŦ?
151:40
Again the subject is ‘I’, therefore we don't change the verb.
2936
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5200
āĻ†āĻŦāĻžāĻ° āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻšāĻ˛ 'āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ', āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤āĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋ āĻ¨āĻžāĨ¤
151:46
The correct answer is, ‘I live in London.’
2937
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āĻ¸āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ‰āĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻ° āĻšāĻ˛, 'āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ˛āĻ¨ā§āĻĄāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āĻŋāĨ¤'
151:50
What's the negative?
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960
āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ¤āĻŋāĻŦāĻžāĻšāĻ• āĻ•āĻŋ?
151:52
‘I don't live in London.’
2939
9112240
2079
'āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ˛āĻ¨ā§āĻĄāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āĻŋ āĻ¨āĻžāĨ¤'
151:55
For the next part, I would like for you to try to find the mistake in the sentence.
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āĻĒāĻ°āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§€ āĻ…āĻ‚āĻļā§‡āĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯, āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻšāĻžāĻ‡ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¯āĻŸāĻŋāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ­ā§āĻ˛ āĻ–ā§āĻāĻœā§‡ āĻŦā§‡āĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻžāĻ° āĻšā§‡āĻˇā§āĻŸāĻž āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻ¨āĨ¤
152:01
‘He doesn't likes math.’
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'āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ—āĻŖāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻĒāĻ›āĻ¨ā§āĻĻ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĻ¨ āĻ¨āĻžāĨ¤'
152:04
What's the error here?
2942
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1279
āĻāĻ–āĻžāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ¤ā§āĻ°ā§āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ•āĻŋ?
152:06
Well this is a negative.
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1601
āĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ˛ āĻāĻ‡ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ¤āĻŋāĻŦāĻžāĻšāĻ•.
152:08
‘He doesn'tâ€Ļ’, that's correct.
2944
9128640
2561
'āĻ¸ā§‡ āĻ¨āĻž...', āĻāĻŸāĻž āĻ āĻŋāĻ•āĨ¤
152:11
However, we do not add an ‘s’ when we have ‘doesn't’ in front of ‘it’.
2945
9131200
6239
āĻ¯āĻžāĻ‡āĻšā§‹āĻ•, āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ 's' āĻ¯ā§‹āĻ— āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋ āĻ¨āĻž āĻ¯āĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° 'it'-āĻāĻ° āĻ¸āĻžāĻŽāĻ¨ā§‡ 'doesn't āĻĨāĻžāĻ•ā§‡āĨ¤
152:18
‘Do he eat candy?’
2946
9138800
2000
'āĻ¸ā§‡ āĻ•āĻŋ āĻŽāĻŋāĻ›āĻ°āĻŋ āĻ–āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ?'
152:21
Here we have a question.
2947
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2400
āĻāĻ–āĻžāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻļā§āĻ¨ āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
152:24
The subject of the sentence is ‘he’.
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āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¯ā§‡āĻ° āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇāĻ¯āĻŧ 'āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋ'āĨ¤
152:27
For ‘he’, ‘she’, ‘it’, when we're making a sentence in the present simple tense,
2949
9147680
5601
'āĻ¸ā§‡', 'āĻ¸ā§‡', 'āĻāĻŸāĻŋ'-āĻāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯, āĻ¯āĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ āĻ¸āĻ°āĻ˛ āĻ•āĻžāĻ˛ā§‡āĻ° āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¯ āĻ¤ā§ˆāĻ°āĻŋ āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋ, āĻ¤āĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž
152:33
we use ‘does’ not ‘do’.
2950
9153280
3520
'does' āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋ āĻ¨āĻž 'do'āĨ¤
152:37
So the correct answer is, ‘Does he eat candy?’
2951
9157520
3120
āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻ¸āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ‰āĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻ° āĻšāĻ˛, 'āĻ¸ā§‡ āĻ•āĻŋ āĻŽāĻŋāĻ›āĻ°āĻŋ āĻ–āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ?'
152:41
And finally, ‘Sam is play computer games.’
2952
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3920
āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ…āĻŦāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§‡, 'āĻ¸ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻŽ āĻ•āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻŋāĻ‰āĻŸāĻžāĻ° āĻ—ā§‡āĻŽ āĻ–ā§‡āĻ˛āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤'
152:46
There are two present simple verbs here and we can't have that,
2953
9166560
4400
āĻāĻ–āĻžāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻĻā§āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¸āĻ°āĻ˛ āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻĒāĻĻ āĻ°āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ›ā§‡ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ¤āĻž āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°āĻŋ āĻ¨āĻž,
152:50
so the correct way to fix this sentence is to get rid of the ‘is’.
2954
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āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻāĻ‡ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¯āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ•āĻ°āĻžāĻ° āĻ¸āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ‰āĻĒāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻšāĻ˛ 'is' āĻĨā§‡āĻ•ā§‡ āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻ¤ā§āĻ°āĻžāĻŖ āĻĒāĻžāĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĨ¤
152:56
So take that out and say, ‘Sam plays computer games.’
2955
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7439
āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻ¸ā§‡āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦā§‡āĻ° āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻŦāĻ˛ā§āĻ¨, 'āĻ¸ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻŽ āĻ•āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻŋāĻ‰āĻŸāĻžāĻ° āĻ—ā§‡āĻŽ āĻ–ā§‡āĻ˛ā§‡āĨ¤'
153:04
Add an ‘s’ because the subject is ‘Sam’ which is a ‘he’.
2956
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4320
āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ 's' āĻ¯ā§‹āĻ— āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻ¨ āĻ•āĻžāĻ°āĻŖ āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻšāĻ˛ 'āĻ¸ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻŽ' āĻ¯āĻž āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ 'āĻ¸ā§‡'āĨ¤
153:09
Great job!
2957
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880
āĻĻāĻžāĻ°ā§‚āĻ¨ āĻ•āĻžāĻœ!
153:10
Let's move on to the next practice.
2958
9190479
2160
āĻ†āĻ¸ā§āĻ¨ āĻĒāĻ°āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§€ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻļā§€āĻ˛āĻ¨ā§‡ āĻāĻ—āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ‡āĨ¤
153:12
For this next practice, we're taking a look at routines.
2959
9192640
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āĻāĻ‡ āĻĒāĻ°āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§€ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻļā§€āĻ˛āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯, āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ°ā§āĻŸāĻŋāĻ¨āĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋ āĻĻā§‡āĻ–ā§‡ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻšā§āĻ›āĻŋāĨ¤
153:16
Remember the present simple tense can be used to describe events that happen regularly.
2960
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āĻŽāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ°āĻžāĻ–āĻŦā§‡āĻ¨ āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ āĻ¸āĻžāĻ§āĻžāĻ°āĻŖ āĻ•āĻžāĻ˛āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻŽāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻ˜āĻŸā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻ˜āĻŸāĻ¨āĻž āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻŖāĻ¨āĻž āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻ¯ā§‡āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡āĨ¤
153:22
Let's take a look at the first sentence,
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āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¯āĻŸāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŦāĻžāĻ° āĻĻā§‡āĻ–ā§‡ āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•,
153:24
‘We _ blank _ the bus every day.’
2962
9204960
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'āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¤āĻŋāĻĻāĻŋāĻ¨ āĻŦāĻžāĻ¸ āĻ–āĻžāĻ˛āĻŋ āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋāĨ¤'
153:28
And I want you to use the verb ‘take’.
2963
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2160
āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻšāĻžāĻ‡ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ 'āĻŸāĻžāĻ•' āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻ¨āĨ¤
153:31
Here we see the clue word ‘every day’ which shows that this is a routine.
2964
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4720
āĻāĻ–āĻžāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž 'āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¤āĻŋāĻĻāĻŋāĻ¨' āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻšā§āĻ›āĻŋ āĻ¯āĻž āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ°ā§āĻŸāĻŋāĻ¨āĨ¤
153:36
The subject of the sentence is ‘we’.
2965
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āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¯ā§‡āĻ° āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇāĻ¯āĻŧ 'āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž'āĨ¤
153:40
In the present simple tense,
2966
9220080
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āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ āĻ¸āĻ°āĻ˛ āĻ•āĻžāĻ˛,
153:41
remember if the subject is ‘I’, ‘you’, ‘we’, or ‘they’,
2967
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5120
āĻŽāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ°āĻžāĻ–āĻŦā§‡āĻ¨ āĻ¯āĻĻāĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇāĻ¯āĻŧ 'āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ', 'āĻ¤ā§āĻŽāĻŋ', 'āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž', āĻŦāĻž 'āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž' āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ¤āĻŦā§‡
153:47
we do not change the verb.
2968
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤āĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋ āĻ¨āĻžāĨ¤
153:49
Therefore the correct answer is, ‘We take the bus every day.’
2969
9229439
6000
āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻ¸āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ‰āĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻ° āĻšāĻ˛, 'āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¤āĻŋāĻĻāĻŋāĻ¨ āĻŦāĻžāĻ¸ā§‡ āĻ‰āĻ āĻŋāĨ¤'
153:56
In the second sentence it says, ‘He _ blank _ to school every morning.’
2970
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āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāĻ¤ā§€āĻ¯āĻŧ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻŦāĻ˛āĻž āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ›ā§‡, 'āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¤āĻŋāĻĻāĻŋāĻ¨ āĻ¸āĻ•āĻžāĻ˛ā§‡ āĻ¸ā§āĻ•ā§āĻ˛ā§‡ _ āĻĢāĻžāĻāĻ•āĻž _āĨ¤'
154:02
Again a routine.
2971
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āĻ†āĻŦāĻžāĻ° āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻž āĻ°ā§āĻŸāĻŋāĻ¨āĨ¤
154:05
The subject here is ‘he’.
2972
9245200
1439
āĻāĻ–āĻžāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻšāĻ˛ 'āĻ¸ā§‡'āĨ¤
154:07
What do we do if the subject is ‘he’, ‘she’, or ‘it’?
2973
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3521
āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇāĻ¯āĻŧ 'āĻ¸ā§‡', 'āĻ¸ā§‡', āĻŦāĻž 'āĻāĻŸāĻŋ' āĻšāĻ˛ā§‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ•ā§€ āĻ•āĻ°āĻŦ?
154:11
We add ‘s’ or ‘es’ to the verb.
2974
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3040
āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ° āĻ¸āĻžāĻĨā§‡ 's' āĻŦāĻž 'es' āĻ¯ā§‹āĻ— āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋāĨ¤
154:15
In this example, the verb is ‘go’, so we have to add ‘es’.
2975
9255439
5200
āĻāĻ‡ āĻ‰āĻĻāĻžāĻšāĻ°āĻŖā§‡, āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻĒāĻĻāĻŸāĻŋ 'go', āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° 'es' āĻ¯ā§‹āĻ— āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻŦā§‡āĨ¤
154:21
‘He goes to school every morning.’
2976
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3920
'āĻ¸ā§‡ āĻ°ā§‹āĻœ āĻ¸āĻ•āĻžāĻ˛ā§‡ āĻ¸ā§āĻ•ā§āĻ˛ā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤'
154:26
In the next sentence, it says, ‘Lizzy not play (in parenthesis) tennis.’
2977
9266319
5601
āĻĒāĻ°ā§‡āĻ° āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻŦāĻ˛āĻž āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ›ā§‡, 'āĻ˛āĻŋāĻœāĻŋ āĻŸā§‡āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¸ āĻ–ā§‡āĻ˛āĻŦā§‡āĻ¨ āĻ¨āĻž (āĻŦāĻ¨ā§āĻ§āĻ¨ā§€āĻ¤ā§‡)āĨ¤'
154:32
Here I want you to think about the negative form.
2978
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2880
āĻāĻ–āĻžāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ•ā§‡ āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ¤āĻŋāĻŦāĻžāĻšāĻ• āĻĢāĻ°ā§āĻŽ āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ•ā§‡ āĻšāĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻž āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻžāĻ‡.
154:36
Lizzy is a ‘she’.
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āĻ˛āĻŋāĻœāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻœāĻ¨ 'āĻ¸ā§‡'āĨ¤
154:38
The subject pronoun is ‘she’ so what do we do for the negative?
2980
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4641
āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ¸āĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻ¨āĻžāĻŽ 'āĻ¸ā§‡' āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ¤āĻŋāĻŦāĻžāĻšāĻ• āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ•āĻŋ āĻ•āĻ°āĻŦ?
154:43
We say ‘does not’ or the contraction ‘doesn't play tennis’.
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8240
āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻŦāĻ˛āĻŋ 'āĻ¨āĻž āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧ' āĻŦāĻž āĻ¸āĻ‚āĻ•ā§‹āĻšāĻ¨ 'āĻŸā§‡āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¸ āĻ–ā§‡āĻ˛āĻŋ āĻ¨āĻž'āĨ¤
154:51
We do not add an ‘s’ or ‘es’ to the end of the verb.
2982
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4160
āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ° āĻļā§‡āĻˇā§‡ 's' āĻŦāĻž 'es' āĻ¯ā§‹āĻ— āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋ āĻ¨āĻžāĨ¤
154:56
Instead we say ‘doesn't’ or ‘does not’.
2983
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āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻŦāĻ˛āĻŋ 'āĻ¨āĻž āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡' āĻŦāĻž 'āĻ¨āĻž āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡'āĨ¤
155:00
Now I want you to find a mistake in the next sentence.
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āĻāĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻšāĻžāĻ‡ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻĒāĻ°āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§€ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ­ā§āĻ˛ āĻ–ā§āĻāĻœā§‡ āĻŦā§‡āĻ° āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻ¨āĨ¤
155:05
‘They watches TV at night.’
2985
9305200
2800
'āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻ°āĻžāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻŸāĻŋāĻ­āĻŋ āĻĻā§‡āĻ–ā§‡āĨ¤'
155:08
Can you figure out what's wrong with the sentence?
2986
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3040
āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ•āĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻ­ā§āĻ˛ āĻŦā§āĻāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡āĻ¨?
155:12
The subject is ‘they’.
2987
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1521
āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇāĻ¯āĻŧ 'āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž'āĨ¤
155:15
Therefore, remember, we do not change the verb.
2988
9315359
3921
āĻ…āĻ¤āĻāĻŦ, āĻŽāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ°āĻžāĻ–āĻŦā§‡āĻ¨, āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤āĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋ āĻ¨āĻžāĨ¤
155:20
We say ‘watch’.
2989
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1601
āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻŦāĻ˛āĻŋ 'āĻ˜āĻĄāĻŧāĻŋ'āĨ¤
155:22
‘They watch TV at night’.
2990
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3120
'āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻ°āĻžāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻŸāĻŋāĻ­āĻŋ āĻĻā§‡āĻ–ā§‡'āĨ¤
155:26
In the next sentence, or question, it says, ‘Does he plays soccer every week?’
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āĻĒāĻ°ā§‡āĻ° āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¯ā§‡, āĻŦāĻž āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻļā§āĻ¨ā§‡, āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻ˛ā§‡, 'āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ•āĻŋ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¤āĻŋ āĻ¸āĻĒā§āĻ¤āĻžāĻšā§‡ āĻĢā§āĻŸāĻŦāĻ˛ āĻ–ā§‡āĻ˛ā§‡āĻ¨?'
155:33
The subject of the sentence is ‘he’.
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āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¯ā§‡āĻ° āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇāĻ¯āĻŧ 'āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋ'āĨ¤
155:36
To make a sentence, putting ‘does’ at the beginning is okay,
2993
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4160
āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¯ āĻ¤ā§ˆāĻ°āĻŋ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡, āĻļā§āĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§‡ 'does' āĻŦāĻ¸āĻžāĻ¨ā§‹ āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡,
155:41
However, we don't put an ‘s’ at the end of ‘play’.
2994
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4240
āĻ¤āĻŦā§‡, āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž 'play'-āĻāĻ° āĻļā§‡āĻˇā§‡ 's' āĻ°āĻžāĻ–āĻŋ āĻ¨āĻžāĨ¤
155:46
Therefore, the correct answer is to simply say,
2995
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2960
āĻ…āĻ¤āĻāĻŦ, āĻ¸āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ‰āĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻ°āĻŸāĻŋ āĻšāĻ˛ āĻ¸āĻšāĻœāĻ­āĻžāĻŦā§‡ āĻŦāĻ˛āĻž,
155:50
‘Does he play soccer every week?’
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3600
'āĻ¸ā§‡ āĻ•āĻŋ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¤āĻŋ āĻ¸āĻĒā§āĻ¤āĻžāĻšā§‡ āĻĢā§āĻŸāĻŦāĻ˛ āĻ–ā§‡āĻ˛ā§‡?'
155:54
And finally, ‘He always forget his book.’
2997
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4240
āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ…āĻŦāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§‡, 'āĻ¸ā§‡ āĻ¸āĻŦāĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ° āĻŦāĻ‡ āĻ­ā§āĻ˛ā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤'
155:59
In this case, the subject is ‘he’.
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āĻāĻ‡ āĻ•ā§āĻˇā§‡āĻ¤ā§āĻ°ā§‡, āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇāĻ¯āĻŧ 'āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋ'āĨ¤
156:03
Remember, again, for he/she/it we add 's' or 'es' to the end of the verb.
2999
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7279
āĻ†āĻŦāĻžāĻ° āĻŽāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ°āĻžāĻ–āĻŦā§‡āĻ¨, he/she/it āĻāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ° āĻļā§‡āĻˇā§‡ 's' āĻŦāĻž 'es' āĻ¯ā§‹āĻ— āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋāĨ¤
156:10
What's the verb in the sentence?
3000
9370560
1840
āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻĒāĻĻ āĻ•āĻŋ?
156:13
It's ‘forget’.
3001
9373040
960
āĻāĻŸāĻž 'āĻ­ā§āĻ˛ā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧāĻž'āĨ¤
156:14
Therefore we have to say, ‘He always forgets his book.’
3002
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āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻŦā§‡, 'āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ¸āĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻĻāĻž āĻ¤āĻžāĻāĻ° āĻŦāĻ‡ āĻ­ā§āĻ˛ā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨āĨ¤'
156:22
Great job.
3003
9382399
881
āĻĻāĻžāĻ°ā§‚āĻ¨ āĻ•āĻžāĻœ.
156:23
Let's move on to the next practice.
3004
9383280
2319
āĻ†āĻ¸ā§āĻ¨ āĻĒāĻ°āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§€ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻļā§€āĻ˛āĻ¨ā§‡ āĻāĻ—āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ‡āĨ¤
156:25
In this checkup, we'll take a look at how the present simple tense can be used to describe
3005
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5681
āĻāĻ‡ āĻšā§‡āĻ•āĻ†āĻĒā§‡, āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ­āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ¯āĻ¤ā§‡āĻ° āĻ˜āĻŸāĻ¨āĻž āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻŖāĻ¨āĻž āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ āĻ¸āĻ°āĻ˛ āĻ•āĻžāĻ˛ āĻ•ā§€āĻ­āĻžāĻŦā§‡ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻ¯ā§‡āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡ āĻ¤āĻž
156:31
future events.
3006
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960
āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻŦāĨ¤
156:33
Take a look at the first sentence.
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āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¯āĻŸāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŦāĻžāĻ° āĻĻā§‡āĻ–ā§āĻ¨āĨ¤
156:35
It says, ‘The airplane _ blank _ tonight.’
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3120
āĻ¤āĻžāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ˛ā§‡āĻ–āĻž, 'āĻŦāĻŋāĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ _ āĻĢāĻžāĻāĻ•āĻž_ āĻ†āĻœ āĻ°āĻžāĻ¤ā§‡āĨ¤'
156:39
And we're looking at the verb ‘leave’.
3009
9399439
2160
āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž 'āĻ›āĻžāĻĄāĻŧ' āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻŸāĻŋ āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻ›āĻŋāĨ¤
156:42
What is the subject of the sentence?
3010
9402560
2400
āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¯ā§‡āĻ° āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇāĻ¯āĻŧāĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻ¤ā§ āĻ•ā§€?
156:45
The correct answer is ‘airplane’.
3011
9405600
2240
āĻ¸āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ‰āĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻ° āĻšāĻ˛ 'āĻŦāĻŋāĻŽāĻžāĻ¨'āĨ¤
156:48
What subject pronoun do we use for ‘airplane’?
3012
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2960
āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž 'āĻŦāĻŋāĻŽāĻžāĻ¨' āĻāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ•ā§‹āĻ¨ āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ° āĻ¸āĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻ¨āĻžāĻŽ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋ?
156:52
It's ‘it’.
3013
9412479
641
āĻāĻŸāĻžāĻ‡ āĻ¸ā§‡āĻŸāĻž'.
156:54
Remember in the present simple tense, for ‘he’, ‘she’, ‘it’, we add an ‘s’
3014
9414080
5760
āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ āĻ¸āĻ°āĻ˛ āĻ•āĻžāĻ˛ āĻŽāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ°āĻžāĻ–āĻŦā§‡āĻ¨, 'āĻ¸ā§‡', 'āĻ¸ā§‡', '
156:59
or ‘es’ to the verb.
3015
9419840
1760
āĻāĻŸāĻŋ'-āĻāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻĒāĻĻā§‡ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ 's' āĻŦāĻž 'es' āĻ¯ā§‹āĻ— āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋāĨ¤
157:02
The verb here is ‘leave’ so we simply add an ‘s’.
3016
9422319
3681
āĻāĻ–āĻžāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻĒāĻĻāĻŸāĻŋ 'leave' āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻļā§āĻ§ā§ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ 's' āĻ¯ā§‹āĻ— āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋāĨ¤
157:06
The correct answer is, ‘The airplane leaves tonight.’
3017
9426720
4640
āĻ¸āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ‰āĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻ° āĻšāĻ˛, 'āĻ†āĻœ āĻ°āĻžāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻŦāĻŋāĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ āĻ›āĻžāĻĄāĻŧā§‡āĨ¤'
157:12
In the second sentence, it says, ‘Does the movie _blank_ soon?’
3018
9432640
5521
āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāĻ¤ā§€āĻ¯āĻŧ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¯ā§‡, āĻāĻŸāĻž āĻŦāĻ˛ā§‡, 'āĻšāĻ˛āĻšā§āĻšāĻŋāĻ¤ā§āĻ°āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ•āĻŋ āĻļā§€āĻ˜ā§āĻ°āĻ‡ _blank_?'
157:18
And we're using the verb ‘start’.
3019
9438160
2080
āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž 'āĻļā§āĻ°ā§' āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻ›āĻŋāĨ¤
157:21
What is the subject of this sentence?
3020
9441359
2320
āĻāĻ‡ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¯āĻŸāĻŋāĻ° āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ•ā§€?
157:24
It’s ‘movie’.
3021
9444399
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āĻāĻŸāĻž 'āĻŽā§āĻ­āĻŋ'āĨ¤
157:26
And what subject pronoun do we use for movie?
3022
9446319
3040
āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ¸āĻŋāĻ¨ā§‡āĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ•ā§‹āĻ¨ āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ° āĻ¸āĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻ¨āĻžāĻŽ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋ?
157:29
It’s ‘it’.
3023
9449920
720
āĻāĻŸāĻžāĻ‡ āĻ¸ā§‡āĻŸāĻž'.
157:31
So it's like saying, ‘Does it _ blank _ soon?’
3024
9451359
3841
āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻāĻŸāĻž āĻŦāĻ˛āĻžāĻ° āĻŽāĻ¤, 'āĻāĻŸāĻž āĻ•āĻŋ āĻļā§€āĻ˜ā§āĻ°āĻ‡ āĻĢāĻžāĻāĻ•āĻž āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻŦā§‡?'
157:35
Well this is a question, so we already have the correct word in the front - ‘does’.
3025
9455760
6480
āĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ˛ āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻļā§āĻ¨, āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ‡āĻ¤āĻŋāĻŽāĻ§ā§āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻ¸āĻžāĻŽāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ¸āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡ - 'does'.
157:42
For he/she/it, when we're asking a question, we use ‘does’.
3026
9462880
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āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋ/āĻ¸ā§‡/āĻāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯, āĻ¯āĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻļā§āĻ¨ āĻœāĻŋāĻœā§āĻžāĻžāĻ¸āĻž āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋ, āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž 'āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡' āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋāĨ¤
157:48
Now all we have to do is use the same verb in its base form,
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āĻāĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻ¯āĻž āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻŦā§‡ āĻ¤āĻž āĻšāĻ˛ āĻāĻ•āĻ‡ āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻĒāĻĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦā§‡āĻ¸ āĻĢāĻ°ā§āĻŽā§‡ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻž,
157:54
so ‘Does the movie start soon?’
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āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ 'āĻ¸āĻŋāĻ¨ā§‡āĻŽāĻžāĻŸāĻŋ āĻ•āĻŋ āĻļā§€āĻ˜ā§āĻ°āĻ‡ āĻļā§āĻ°ā§ āĻšāĻŦā§‡?'
157:57
We do not add an ‘s’ or ‘es’ here.
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻāĻ–āĻžāĻ¨ā§‡ 's' āĻŦāĻž 'es' āĻ¯ā§‹āĻ— āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋ āĻ¨āĻžāĨ¤
158:02
Finally, it says, ‘Viki _ blank _ tomorrow.’
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āĻ¸āĻŦāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§‡ āĻŦāĻ˛āĻž āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ›ā§‡, 'āĻ­āĻŋāĻ•āĻŋ _ āĻ–āĻžāĻ˛āĻŋ _ āĻ†āĻ—āĻžāĻŽā§€āĻ•āĻžāĻ˛āĨ¤'
158:06
The subject of the sentence is ‘Vicki’.
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āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¯ā§‡āĻ° āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇāĻ¯āĻŧ 'āĻ­āĻŋāĻ•āĻŋ'āĨ¤
158:10
‘Vicki’ is a girl so the subject pronoun is ‘she’.
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'āĻ­āĻŋāĻ•āĻŋ' āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŽā§‡āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ¸āĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻ¨āĻžāĻŽ 'āĻ¸ā§‡'āĨ¤
158:15
You'll remember now that forâ€Ļ in this case, we put ‘works’.
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āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻāĻ–āĻ¨ āĻŽāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ°āĻžāĻ–āĻŦā§‡āĻ¨ āĻ¯ā§‡... āĻāĻ‡ āĻ•ā§āĻˇā§‡āĻ¤ā§āĻ°ā§‡, āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž 'āĻ•āĻžāĻœ' āĻ°āĻžāĻ–āĻŋāĨ¤
158:20
w-o-r-k-s ‘works’.
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āĻ•āĻžāĻœ 'āĻ•āĻžāĻœ'āĨ¤
158:23
‘Vicki works tomorrow.’
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'āĻ­āĻŋāĻ•āĻŋ āĻ•āĻžāĻ˛ āĻ•āĻžāĻœ āĻ•āĻ°āĻŦā§‡āĨ¤'
158:26
Now let's find the mistakes in the sentence below.
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āĻāĻŦāĻžāĻ° āĻ¨āĻŋāĻšā§‡āĻ° āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¯ā§‡āĻ° āĻ­ā§āĻ˛āĻ—ā§āĻ˛ā§‹ āĻ–ā§āĻāĻœā§‡ āĻŦā§‡āĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•āĨ¤
158:30
‘He do leave at 3:30 p.m.’
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'āĻ¸ā§‡ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ•āĻžāĻ˛ āĻ¸āĻžāĻĄāĻŧā§‡ ā§ŠāĻŸāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻšāĻ˛ā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ'
158:34
Actually there's only one mistake.
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āĻ†āĻ¸āĻ˛ā§‡ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻžāĻ‡ āĻ­ā§āĻ˛āĨ¤
158:36
Can you find it?
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āĻ¤ā§āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ•āĻŋ āĻāĻŸāĻž āĻ–ā§āĻœā§‡ āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°?
158:38
‘He do leave at 3:30 p.m.’
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'āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ•āĻžāĻ˛ 3:30 āĻŸāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻšāĻ˛ā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨'
158:43
We do not need the ‘do’ here.
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻāĻ–āĻžāĻ¨ā§‡ 'āĻĄā§' āĻ•āĻ°āĻžāĻ° āĻĻāĻ°āĻ•āĻžāĻ° āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ‡āĨ¤
158:46
We only use ‘do’ in a question or in the negative form.
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻļā§āĻ§ā§āĻŽāĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻ° āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻļā§āĻ¨ āĻŦāĻž āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ¤āĻŋāĻŦāĻžāĻšāĻ• āĻ†āĻ•āĻžāĻ°ā§‡ 'do' āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋāĨ¤
158:51
But also the subject is ‘he’, so we would use ‘does’.
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āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§ āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇāĻ¯āĻŧ 'āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋ', āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž 'āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡' āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻŦāĨ¤
158:55
Either way we don't need this here.
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āĻ¯ā§‡āĻ­āĻžāĻŦā§‡āĻ‡ āĻšā§‹āĻ• āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻāĻ–āĻžāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻāĻ° āĻĻāĻ°āĻ•āĻžāĻ° āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ‡āĨ¤
158:58
Well now we have the verb ‘leave’ with the subject ‘he’.
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āĻ†āĻšā§āĻ›āĻž āĻāĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻ•āĻžāĻ›ā§‡ āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻĒāĻĻ āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡ 'leave' āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ° āĻ¸āĻžāĻĨā§‡ 'he'āĨ¤
159:03
Do you know what to do?
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āĻ¤ā§āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ•āĻŋ āĻœāĻžāĻ¨ āĻ•āĻŋ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻŦā§‡?
159:05
We simply change this to ‘leaves’.
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ•ā§‡āĻŦāĻ˛ āĻāĻŸāĻŋāĻ•ā§‡ 'āĻĒāĻžāĻ¤āĻž' āĻ āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤āĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋāĨ¤
159:10
Just like we did in the first sentence.
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ¯ā§‡āĻŽāĻ¨ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāĨ¤
159:12
‘He leaves at 3:30 p.m.’
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'āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ•āĻžāĻ˛ 3:30 āĻŸāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻšāĻ˛ā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨'
159:16
In the next sentence, ‘They don't start school today.’
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āĻĒāĻ°ā§‡āĻ° āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¯ā§‡, 'āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻ†āĻœ āĻ¸ā§āĻ•ā§āĻ˛ āĻļā§āĻ°ā§ āĻ•āĻ°āĻŦā§‡ āĻ¨āĻžāĨ¤'
159:21
We have a negative sentence.
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ¤āĻŋāĻŦāĻžāĻšāĻ• āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¯ āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
159:24
‘They don'tâ€Ļ’, that's correct.
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'āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡ āĻ¨āĻž...', āĻāĻŸāĻž āĻ āĻŋāĻ•āĨ¤
159:27
‘â€Ļdo not’ is correct.
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'...āĻ•āĻ°āĻŦā§‡āĻ¨ āĻ¨āĻž' āĻ¸āĻ āĻŋāĻ•āĨ¤
159:29
For subject pronoun ‘they’.
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āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ¸āĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻ¨āĻžāĻŽā§‡āĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ 'āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž'āĨ¤
159:31
However, in the negative form, we don't have to change the main verb at all.
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āĻ¯āĻžāĻ‡āĻšā§‹āĻ•, āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ¤āĻŋāĻŦāĻžāĻšāĻ• āĻ†āĻ•āĻžāĻ°ā§‡, āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻŽā§‚āĻ˛ āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻŸāĻŋ āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤āĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻŦā§‡ āĻ¨āĻžāĨ¤
159:37
Therefore, all we will do is say, ‘They don't start school today.’
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āĻ…āĻ¤āĻāĻŦ, āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ¯āĻž āĻ•āĻ°āĻŦ āĻ¤āĻž āĻšāĻ˛, 'āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻ†āĻœ āĻ¸ā§āĻ•ā§āĻ˛ āĻļā§āĻ°ā§ āĻ•āĻ°āĻŦā§‡ āĻ¨āĻžāĨ¤'
159:43
No ‘s’.
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āĻ¨āĻž 'āĻ¸'āĨ¤
159:45
Finally, ‘Does we eat at noon?’
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āĻ…āĻŦāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§‡, 'āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ•āĻŋ āĻĻā§āĻĒā§āĻ°ā§‡ āĻ–āĻžāĻ‡?'
159:49
Take a look.
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āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻž āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•.
159:50
What is the subject or subject pronoun in the sentence?
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āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻŦāĻž āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ¸āĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻ¨āĻžāĻŽ āĻ•ā§€?
159:55
The correct answer is ‘we’.
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āĻ¸āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ‰āĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻ° āĻšāĻ˛ 'āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž'āĨ¤
159:58
Think about the question form.
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āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻļā§āĻ¨ āĻĢāĻ°ā§āĻŽ āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ•ā§‡ āĻšāĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻž āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻ¨.
160:01
Do we say ‘do’ or ‘does’ in the question form for the subject pronoun ‘we’?
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ•āĻŋ 'āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž' āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ° āĻ¸āĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻ¨āĻžāĻŽā§‡āĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻļā§āĻ¨ āĻ†āĻ•āĻžāĻ°ā§‡ 'āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡' āĻŦāĻž 'āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡' āĻŦāĻ˛āĻŋ?
160:07
The correct answer is ‘do’.
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āĻ¸āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ‰āĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻ° āĻšāĻ˛ 'āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻ¨'āĨ¤
160:09
We say ‘do’.
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻŦāĻ˛āĻŋ 'āĻ•āĻ°'āĨ¤
160:12
So the correct way to say this sentence or question is,
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āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻāĻ‡ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¯ āĻŦāĻž āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻļā§āĻ¨āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻ˛āĻžāĻ° āĻ¸āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ‰āĻĒāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻšāĻ˛,
160:16
‘Do we eat at noon?’
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'āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ•āĻŋ āĻĻā§āĻĒā§āĻ°ā§‡ āĻ–āĻžāĻ‡?'
160:19
Great job guys.
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āĻŽāĻšāĻžāĻ¨ āĻ•āĻžāĻœ āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ›āĻŋ.
160:20
You're done with the practice.
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āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻļā§€āĻ˛āĻ¨ āĻļā§‡āĻˇ.
160:21
Thank you for your hard work.
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āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ ā§‹āĻ° āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻļā§āĻ°āĻŽā§‡āĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ•ā§‡ āĻ§āĻ¨ā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻžāĻĻ.
160:23
Let's move on.
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āĻšāĻ˛ āĻāĻ—ā§‹āĻ‡.
160:25
Good job guys.
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āĻ­āĻžāĻ˛ā§‹ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĻ›ā§‹ āĻŦāĻ¨ā§āĻ§ā§āĻ°āĻž.
160:26
You put in a lot of practice today.
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āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ†āĻœ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ• āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻļā§€āĻ˛āĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°āĻž.
160:28
The present simple tense is not easy, and I'm really happy to see how hard you guys
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āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ āĻ¸āĻ°āĻ˛ āĻ•āĻžāĻ˛ āĻ¸āĻšāĻœ āĻ¨āĻ¯āĻŧ, āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻāĻŸāĻž āĻ†āĻ¯āĻŧāĻ¤ā§āĻ¤ āĻ•āĻ°āĻžāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ•āĻ¤āĻŸāĻž āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻļā§āĻ°āĻŽ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĻ›ā§‡āĻ¨ āĻ¤āĻž āĻĻā§‡āĻ–ā§‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ¸āĻ¤ā§āĻ¯āĻŋāĻ‡ āĻ–ā§āĻļāĻŋ
160:33
worked on mastering it.
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āĨ¤
160:35
Be sure to check out my other videos and thank you for watching this video.
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ­āĻŋāĻĄāĻŋāĻ“āĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋ āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ­ā§āĻ˛āĻŦā§‡āĻ¨ āĻ¨āĻž āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻāĻ‡ āĻ­āĻŋāĻĄāĻŋāĻ“āĻŸāĻŋ āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻžāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ•ā§‡ āĻ§āĻ¨ā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻžāĻĻāĨ¤
160:39
I'll see you next time.
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻĒāĻ°ā§‡āĻ° āĻŦāĻžāĻ° āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻž āĻšāĻŦā§‡.
160:40
Bye.
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āĻŦāĻŋāĻĻāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤
160:49
Hi, everybody. I'm Esther.
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āĻ¸āĻŦāĻžāĻ‡ āĻ•ā§‡āĻŽāĻ¨ āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡āĻ¨. āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ‡āĻ¸ā§āĻŸāĻžāĻ°āĨ¤
160:51
I'm so excited to be teaching you the  present continuous tense in this video.
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āĻāĻ‡ āĻ­āĻŋāĻĄāĻŋāĻ“āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ•ā§‡ āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻžāĻ¨āĻž āĻ•āĻžāĻ˛ āĻļā§‡āĻ–āĻžāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒā§‡āĻ°ā§‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ–ā§āĻŦāĻ‡ āĻ‰āĻ¤ā§āĻ¤ā§‡āĻœāĻŋāĻ¤āĨ¤
160:57
This tense is used to describe: an action that's happening right now,
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āĻāĻ‡ āĻ•āĻžāĻ˛āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻŖāĻ¨āĻž āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšā§ƒāĻ¤ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧ: āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻ¯āĻž āĻāĻ‡ āĻŽā§āĻšā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ˜āĻŸāĻ›ā§‡,
161:01
a longer action in progress , and something happening in the near future.
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āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻĻā§€āĻ°ā§āĻ˜ āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻšāĻ˛āĻ›ā§‡, āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ•āĻŸ āĻ­āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ¯āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ›ā§ āĻ˜āĻŸāĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤
161:06
There's a lot to learn, but don't worry I'll guide you through it.
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āĻ…āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ• āĻ•āĻŋāĻ›ā§ āĻļā§‡āĻ–āĻžāĻ° āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡, āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§ āĻšāĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻž āĻ•āĻ°āĻŦā§‡āĻ¨ āĻ¨āĻž āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻ° āĻŽāĻžāĻ§ā§āĻ¯āĻŽā§‡ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ•ā§‡ āĻ—āĻžāĻ‡āĻĄ āĻ•āĻ°āĻŦāĨ¤
161:10
Let's get started.
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āĻšāĻ˛ āĻļā§āĻ°ā§ āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋ.
161:14
The present continuous tense is used to talk  about actions that are happening right now.
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āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ āĻ…āĻŦāĻŋāĻšā§āĻ›āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¨ āĻ•āĻžāĻ˛āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ˜āĻŸāĻ›ā§‡ āĻāĻŽāĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻŽ āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ•ā§‡ āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšā§ƒāĻ¤ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤
161:20
For example,
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āĻ‰āĻĻāĻžāĻšāĻ°āĻŖāĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻ°ā§‚āĻĒ,
161:21
‘I'm teaching English’ and ‘You are studying English.’
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'āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ‡āĻ‚āĻ°ā§‡āĻœāĻŋ āĻļā§‡āĻ–āĻžāĻšā§āĻ›āĻŋ' āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ 'āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ‡āĻ‚āĻ°ā§‡āĻœāĻŋ āĻļāĻŋāĻ–āĻ›ā§‡āĻ¨āĨ¤'
161:25
Let's take a look at some more examples.
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āĻ†āĻ¸ā§āĻ¨ āĻ†āĻ°āĻ“ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ›ā§ āĻ‰āĻĻāĻžāĻšāĻ°āĻŖ āĻĻā§‡āĻ–ā§‡ āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•āĨ¤
161:28
The first sentence says, ‘He is watching a movie’.
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āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¯āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻ˛ā§‡, 'āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¸āĻŋāĻ¨ā§‡āĻŽāĻž āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻ›ā§‡āĻ¨'āĨ¤
161:33
We start with the subject and a ‘be’ verb.
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ 'āĻšāĻ“' āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻļā§āĻ°ā§ āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋāĨ¤
161:36
In this case, the subject is ‘he’.
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āĻāĻ‡ āĻ•ā§āĻˇā§‡āĻ¤ā§āĻ°ā§‡, āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇāĻ¯āĻŧ 'āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋ'āĨ¤
161:39
For ‘he’ / ‘she’ and ‘it’,  we use the ‘be’ verb ‘is’.
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'he'/'she' āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ 'it'-āĻāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž 'be' āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž 'is' āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋāĨ¤
161:44
Then you'll notice I added an ‘-ing’  to the end of the verb ‘watch’.
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āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻĒāĻ° āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ˛āĻ•ā§āĻˇā§āĻ¯ āĻ•āĻ°āĻŦā§‡āĻ¨ āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ 'āĻ˜āĻĄāĻŧāĻŋ' āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ° āĻļā§‡āĻˇā§‡ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ '-ing' āĻ¯ā§‹āĻ— āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāĨ¤
161:50
‘He is watching a movie.’
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'āĻ¸ā§‡ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻž āĻ¸āĻŋāĻ¨ā§‡āĻŽāĻž āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤'
161:53
The next sentence says, ‘Tim is playing a computer game.’
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āĻĒāĻ°ā§‡āĻ° āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¯āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻ˛ā§‡, 'āĻŸāĻŋāĻŽ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ•āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻŋāĻ‰āĻŸāĻžāĻ° āĻ—ā§‡āĻŽ āĻ–ā§‡āĻ˛āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤'
161:57
He's doing that right now.
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āĻ¸ā§‡ āĻāĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ¸ā§‡āĻŸāĻžāĻ‡ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤
162:00
Tim is a ‘he’, therefore, again  we use the ‘be’ verb ‘is’.
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Tim āĻšāĻ˛ 'he', āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ†āĻŦāĻžāĻ° 'be' āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋ 'is'āĨ¤
162:06
And again you'll notice I added  ‘-ing’ to the end of the verb.
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āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ†āĻŦāĻžāĻ° āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ˛āĻ•ā§āĻˇā§āĻ¯ āĻ•āĻ°āĻŦā§‡āĻ¨ āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ° āĻļā§‡āĻˇā§‡ '-ing' āĻ¯ā§‹āĻ— āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāĨ¤
162:12
The next sentence says,
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āĻĒāĻ°ā§‡āĻ° āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¯āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻ˛ā§‡,
162:13
‘The machine is making a noise.’
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'āĻ¯āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻ°āĻŸāĻŋ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤'
162:17
Now pay attention to the subject, ‘the machine’.
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āĻāĻ–āĻ¨ āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ° āĻĻāĻŋāĻ•ā§‡ āĻŽāĻ¨ā§‹āĻ¯ā§‹āĻ— āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¨, 'āĻ¯āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻ°'āĨ¤
162:21
What is the proper pronoun?
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āĻ¸āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ¸āĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻ¨āĻžāĻŽ āĻ•āĻŋ?
162:23
The answer is ‘it’, therefore  we use the ‘be’ verb ‘is’.
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āĻ‰āĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻ° āĻšāĻ˛ 'āĻāĻŸāĻŋ', āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž 'āĻšāĻŦā§‡' āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž 'is' āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋāĨ¤
162:28
‘The machine is making a noise.’
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'āĻ¯āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻ°āĻŸāĻž āĻ†āĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻœ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤'
162:32
We can also say, ‘It is making a noise’. Or the contraction, ‘It's making a noise’.
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻāĻŸāĻžāĻ“ āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°āĻŋ, 'āĻāĻŸāĻž āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻž āĻ†āĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻœ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ›ā§‡'āĨ¤ āĻ…āĻĨāĻŦāĻž āĻ¸āĻ‚āĻ•ā§‹āĻšāĻ¨, 'āĻāĻŸāĻž āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻž āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ›ā§‡'āĨ¤
162:39
And finally, ‘Tom and Ben are speaking English’.
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āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ…āĻŦāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§‡, 'āĻŸāĻŽ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻŦā§‡āĻ¨ āĻ‡āĻ‚āĻ°ā§‡āĻœāĻŋāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ›ā§‡āĻ¨'āĨ¤
162:43
In this case, you'll notice  that we use the ‘be’ verb ‘are’.
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āĻāĻ‡ āĻ•ā§āĻˇā§‡āĻ¤ā§āĻ°ā§‡, āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ˛āĻ•ā§āĻˇā§āĻ¯ āĻ•āĻ°āĻŦā§‡āĻ¨ āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž 'be' āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋ 'are'āĨ¤
162:47
Can you figure out why?
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āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ•ā§‡āĻ¨ āĻŦā§āĻāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡āĻ¨?
162:50
That's because Tom and Ben - the subject pronoun for these two is ‘they’.
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āĻāĻ° āĻ•āĻžāĻ°āĻŖ āĻŸāĻŽ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻŦā§‡āĻ¨ - āĻāĻ‡ āĻĻā§āĻœāĻ¨ā§‡āĻ° āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ¸āĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻ¨āĻžāĻŽ āĻšāĻ˛ 'āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž'āĨ¤
162:56
‘They are speaking English.’
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'āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻ‡āĻ‚āĻ°ā§‡āĻœāĻŋ āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤'
162:59
Let's move on to the next usage.
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āĻāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§€ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ°ā§‡ āĻāĻ—āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•āĨ¤
163:02
The present continuous tense is also used to describe a longer action in progress.
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āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ āĻ…āĻŦāĻŋāĻšā§āĻ›āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¨ āĻ•āĻžāĻ˛āĻŸāĻŋāĻ“ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻĻā§€āĻ°ā§āĻ˜ āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ•āĻ˛āĻžāĻĒā§‡āĻ° āĻ…āĻ—ā§āĻ°āĻ—āĻ¤āĻŋ āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻŖāĻ¨āĻž āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšā§ƒāĻ¤ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤
163:09
Even though you might not be  doing the action right now.
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āĻ¯āĻĻāĻŋāĻ“ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻāĻ‡ āĻŽā§āĻšā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ•āĻžāĻœāĻŸāĻŋ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ›ā§‡āĻ¨ āĻ¨āĻžāĨ¤
163:12
Let's take a look at some examples.
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āĻ†āĻ¸ā§āĻ¨ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ›ā§ āĻ‰āĻĻāĻžāĻšāĻ°āĻŖ āĻĻā§‡āĻ–ā§‡ āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•āĨ¤
163:15
The first sentence says,
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āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¯āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻ˛ā§‡,
163:16
‘I'm reading an interesting book these days.’
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'āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ†āĻœāĻ•āĻžāĻ˛ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ†āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻˇāĻŖā§€āĻ¯āĻŧ āĻŦāĻ‡ āĻĒāĻĄāĻŧāĻ›āĻŋāĨ¤'
163:20
In this case, the subject is  ‘I’, so the ‘be’ verb is ‘am’.
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āĻāĻ‡ āĻ•ā§āĻˇā§‡āĻ¤ā§āĻ°ā§‡, āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇāĻ¯āĻŧ 'āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ', āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ 'āĻšāĻŦā§‡' āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻŸāĻŋ 'āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ'āĨ¤
163:25
In this example, we use the contraction  ‘I'm’ by putting ‘I’ and ‘am’ together.
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āĻāĻ‡ āĻ‰āĻĻāĻžāĻšāĻ°āĻŖā§‡, āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž 'āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ' āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ 'āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ' āĻāĻ•āĻ¸āĻžāĻĨā§‡ āĻ°ā§‡āĻ–ā§‡ āĻ¸āĻ‚āĻ•ā§‹āĻšāĻ¨ 'āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ' āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋāĨ¤
163:31
Again, you'll notice there's  an ‘-ing’ after the verb.
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āĻ†āĻŦāĻžāĻ°, āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ˛āĻ•ā§āĻˇā§āĻ¯ āĻ•āĻ°āĻŦā§‡āĻ¨ āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻŸāĻŋāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°ā§‡ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ '-ing' āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤
163:36
The next sentence says,
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āĻĒāĻ°ā§‡āĻ° āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¯āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻ˛ā§‡,
163:38
‘You are studying to become an English teacher.’
3121
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'āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ‡āĻ‚āĻ°ā§‡āĻœāĻŋ āĻļāĻŋāĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻ• āĻšāĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻĒāĻĄāĻŧāĻžāĻļā§‹āĻ¨āĻž āĻ•āĻ°āĻ›ā§‡āĻ¨āĨ¤'
163:41
The subject here is ‘you’,
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āĻāĻ–āĻžāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻšāĻ˛ 'āĻ¤ā§āĻŽāĻŋ',
163:44
therefore the ‘be’ verb is ‘are’.
3123
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āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ 'āĻŦā§‡' āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻšāĻ˛ 'are'āĨ¤
163:47
Next, ‘Steven is preparing for the IELTS exam.’
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āĻĒāĻ°āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§€, 'āĻ¸ā§āĻŸāĻŋāĻ­ā§‡āĻ¨ IELTS āĻĒāĻ°ā§€āĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻžāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¸ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻŋ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻšā§āĻ›ā§‡āĻ¨āĨ¤'
163:52
The subject here is ‘Steven’ which is a ‘he’,
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āĻāĻ–āĻžāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻšāĻ˛ 'āĻ¸ā§āĻŸāĻŋāĻ­ā§‡āĻ¨' āĻ¯āĻž āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ 'āĻšāĻŋ',
163:56
therefore we use the ‘be’ verb ‘is’.
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āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž 'āĻšāĻŦā§‡' āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž 'is' āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋāĨ¤
164:00
And finally, ‘John and June are working at a company.’
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āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ…āĻŦāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§‡, 'āĻœāĻ¨ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻœā§āĻ¨ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ•ā§‹āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻžāĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ•āĻžāĻœ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤'
164:05
If you look at the subject ‘John and June’, the pronoun for that is ‘they’.
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āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ¯āĻĻāĻŋ 'āĻœāĻ¨ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻœā§āĻ¨' āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ° āĻĻāĻŋāĻ•ā§‡ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ•āĻžāĻ¨ āĻ¤āĻŦā§‡ āĻāĻ° āĻ¸āĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻ¨āĻžāĻŽāĻŸāĻŋ 'āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž'āĨ¤
164:11
That's why we use the ‘be’ verb ‘are’.
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āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž 'be' āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋ 'are'āĨ¤
164:14
‘They are working at a company.’
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'āĻ“āĻ°āĻž āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻž āĻ•ā§‹āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻžāĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ•āĻžāĻœ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤'
164:17
Let's move on to the next usage.
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āĻāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§€ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ°ā§‡ āĻāĻ—āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•āĨ¤
164:19
The present continuous is also used  to talk about near future plans.
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āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ āĻ§āĻžāĻ°āĻžāĻŦāĻžāĻšāĻŋāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ•āĻŸ āĻ­āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ¯āĻ¤ā§‡āĻ° āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻ•āĻ˛ā§āĻĒāĻ¨āĻž āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ•ā§‡ āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§‡āĻ“ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšā§ƒāĻ¤ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤
164:24
Let's take a look.
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āĻāĻ° āĻ•āĻŸāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻĒāĻžāĻ¤ āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•.
164:26
‘She is meeting some friends tonight.’
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'āĻ¸ā§‡ āĻ†āĻœ āĻ°āĻžāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ›ā§ āĻŦāĻ¨ā§āĻ§ā§āĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻ¸āĻžāĻĨā§‡ āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻž āĻ•āĻ°āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤'
164:29
That's going to happen in the near future.
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āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻ…āĻĻā§‚āĻ° āĻ­āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ¯āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ˜āĻŸāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻšā§āĻ›ā§‡.
164:32
You'll notice that we have 'she', so the ‘be’ verb is ‘is’.
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āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ˛āĻ•ā§āĻˇā§āĻ¯ āĻ•āĻ°āĻŦā§‡āĻ¨ āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° 'āĻ¸ā§‡' āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡, āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ 'āĻšāĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧāĻž' āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻŸāĻŋ 'āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧ'āĨ¤
164:36
And then we added an ‘-ing’ to the end of the verb ‘meet’.
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āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻĒāĻ° āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž 'meet' āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ° āĻļā§‡āĻˇā§‡ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ '-ing' āĻ¯ā§‹āĻ— āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāĨ¤
164:41
The next example says, ‘We are going on vacation in July.’
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āĻĒāĻ°āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§€ āĻ‰āĻĻāĻžāĻšāĻ°āĻŖ āĻŦāĻ˛ā§‡, 'āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻœā§āĻ˛āĻžāĻ‡ āĻŽāĻžāĻ¸ā§‡ āĻ›ā§āĻŸāĻŋāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻšā§āĻ›āĻŋāĨ¤'
164:46
The subject here is ‘we’, therefore we use the ‘be’ verb ‘are’.
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āĻāĻ–āĻžāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻšāĻ˛ 'we', āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž 'be' āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋ 'are'āĨ¤
164:51
We can also use a contraction and say, ‘We're going on vacation in July.’
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¸āĻ‚āĻ•ā§‹āĻšāĻ¨āĻ“ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°āĻŋ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°āĻŋ, 'āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻœā§āĻ˛āĻžāĻ‡ āĻŽāĻžāĻ¸ā§‡ āĻ›ā§āĻŸāĻŋāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻšā§āĻ›āĻŋāĨ¤'
164:57
Again, another near future plan.
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āĻ†āĻŦāĻžāĻ°, āĻ†āĻ°ā§‡āĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ•āĻŸ āĻ­āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ¯āĻ¤ā§‡āĻ° āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻ•āĻ˛ā§āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĨ¤
165:00
The next example says,
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āĻĒāĻ°āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§€ āĻ‰āĻĻāĻžāĻšāĻ°āĻŖ āĻŦāĻ˛ā§‡,
165:02
‘David is learning to drive tomorrow.’
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'āĻĄā§‡āĻ­āĻŋāĻĄ āĻ†āĻ—āĻžāĻŽā§€āĻ•āĻžāĻ˛ āĻ—āĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋ āĻšāĻžāĻ˛āĻžāĻ¨ā§‹ āĻļāĻŋāĻ–āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤'
165:05
‘tomorrow’ is the near future.
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'āĻ†āĻ—āĻžāĻŽā§€āĻ•āĻžāĻ˛' āĻšāĻ˛ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ•āĻŸ āĻ­āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ¯ā§ŽāĨ¤
165:07
‘David’ is the subject.
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'āĻĄā§‡āĻ­āĻŋāĻĄ' āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤
165:10
‘David’ is a ‘he’, so we use ‘is’.
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'āĻĄā§‡āĻ­āĻŋāĻĄ' āĻšāĻ˛ 'āĻ¸ā§‡', āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž 'āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧ' āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋāĨ¤
165:14
And lastly, ‘Vicki and I are teaching English next week.’
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āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ¸āĻŦāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§‡, 'āĻ­āĻŋāĻ•āĻŋ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ†āĻ—āĻžāĻŽā§€ āĻ¸āĻĒā§āĻ¤āĻžāĻšā§‡ āĻ‡āĻ‚āĻ°ā§‡āĻœāĻŋ āĻĒāĻĄāĻŧāĻžāĻšā§āĻ›āĻŋāĨ¤'
165:19
‘Vicky and I’â€Ļ If we think about the subject pronoun is ‘we’.
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'āĻ­āĻŋāĻ•āĻŋ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ'â€Ļ āĻ¯āĻĻāĻŋ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ° āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āĻšāĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻž āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋ āĻ¤āĻžāĻšāĻ˛ā§‡ āĻ¸āĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻ¨āĻžāĻŽāĻŸāĻŋ āĻšāĻ˛ 'āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž'āĨ¤
165:24
That's why we used ‘are’. ‘We are teaching.’
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āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž 'are' āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāĨ¤ 'āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻļāĻŋāĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻž āĻĻāĻŋāĻšā§āĻ›āĻŋāĨ¤'
165:29
Let's move on.
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āĻšāĻ˛ āĻāĻ—ā§‹āĻ‡.
165:31
Now let's talk about the negative  form of the present continuous tense.
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āĻāĻ–āĻ¨ āĻšāĻ˛ā§āĻ¨ āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ āĻ§āĻžāĻ°āĻžāĻŦāĻžāĻšāĻŋāĻ• āĻ•āĻžāĻ˛ā§‡āĻ° āĻ‹āĻŖāĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻŽāĻ• āĻ°ā§‚āĻĒ āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ•ā§‡ āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āĻŦāĻ˛āĻž āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•āĨ¤
165:36
I have some examples here.
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻ–āĻžāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ›ā§ āĻ‰āĻĻāĻžāĻšāĻ°āĻŖ āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
165:38
These two examples are for actions that are happening right now, or longer actions.
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āĻāĻ‡ āĻĻā§āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ‰āĻĻāĻžāĻšāĻ°āĻŖ āĻāĻ‡ āĻŽā§āĻšā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ˜āĻŸāĻ›ā§‡ āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻŽā§‡āĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯, āĻŦāĻž āĻĻā§€āĻ°ā§āĻ˜ āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻŽā§‡āĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯.
165:45
These last two are for near future plans.
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āĻāĻ‡ āĻļā§‡āĻˇ āĻĻā§āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ•āĻŸ āĻ­āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ¯āĻ¤ā§‡āĻ° āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻ•āĻ˛ā§āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯āĨ¤
165:48
Let's take a look.
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āĻāĻ° āĻ•āĻŸāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻĒāĻžāĻ¤ āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•.
165:50
The first sentence says, ‘I am not having fun.’
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āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¯āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻ˛ā§‡, 'āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻŽāĻœāĻž āĻ•āĻ°āĻ›āĻŋ āĻ¨āĻžāĨ¤'
165:54
Now that's not true for me because I am having fun,
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āĻāĻ–āĻ¨ āĻāĻŸāĻž āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ¸āĻ¤ā§āĻ¯ āĻ¨āĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ•āĻžāĻ°āĻŖ āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻŽāĻœāĻž āĻ•āĻ°āĻ›āĻŋ,
165:57
but in this example I am not having fun.
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āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§ āĻāĻ‡ āĻ‰āĻĻāĻžāĻšāĻ°āĻŖā§‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻŽāĻœāĻž āĻ•āĻ°āĻ›āĻŋ āĻ¨āĻžāĨ¤
166:01
You'll notice that the word ‘not’ goes  between the ‘be’ verb and the ‘verb -ing’.
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āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ˛āĻ•ā§āĻˇā§āĻ¯ āĻ•āĻ°āĻŦā§‡āĻ¨ āĻ¯ā§‡ 'not' āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻāĻŸāĻŋ 'be' āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ 'verb -ing'-āĻāĻ° āĻŽāĻ§ā§āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤
166:08
In the second example it says, ‘Jane isn't doing her homework.’
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āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāĻ¤ā§€āĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ‰āĻĻāĻžāĻšāĻ°āĻŖā§‡ āĻŦāĻ˛āĻž āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ›ā§‡, 'āĻœā§‡āĻ¨ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ° āĻŦāĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋāĻ° āĻ•āĻžāĻœ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ›ā§‡ āĻ¨āĻžāĨ¤'
166:13
Here we use the contraction ‘isn't’ for ‘is not’,
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āĻāĻ–āĻžāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž 'is not'-āĻāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ 'isn't' āĻ¸āĻ‚āĻ•ā§‹āĻšāĻ¨ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋ,
166:17
so just like the first sentence, we put ‘not’ between ‘is’ and ‘verb -ing’.
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āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¯āĻŸāĻŋāĻ° āĻŽāĻ¤ā§‹āĻ‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž 'is' āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ 'verb -ing'-āĻāĻ° āĻŽāĻ§ā§āĻ¯ā§‡ 'not' āĻ°āĻžāĻ–āĻŋāĨ¤
166:24
The next sentence says, ‘You're not seeing him tonight.’
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āĻĒāĻ°ā§‡āĻ° āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¯āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻ˛ā§‡, 'āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ†āĻœ āĻ°āĻžāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ•ā§‡ āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻ›ā§‡āĻ¨ āĻ¨āĻžāĨ¤'
166:29
Here we have a contraction for ‘you are’.
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āĻāĻ–āĻžāĻ¨ā§‡ 'āĻ¤ā§āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ†āĻ›ā§‹' āĻāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¸āĻ‚āĻ•ā§‹āĻšāĻ¨ āĻ°āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤
166:32
‘You're not seeing him tonight.’
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'āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ†āĻœ āĻ°āĻžāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ•ā§‡ āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻšā§āĻ›ā§‡āĻ¨ āĻ¨āĻžāĨ¤'
166:35
And finally, ‘We are not running tomorrow morning.’
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āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ…āĻŦāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§‡, 'āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ•āĻžāĻ˛ āĻ¸āĻ•āĻžāĻ˛ā§‡ āĻĻā§ŒāĻĄāĻŧāĻžāĻšā§āĻ›āĻŋ āĻ¨āĻžāĨ¤'
166:39
Here we have the subject ‘we’, therefore, we use the ‘be’ verb ‘are’.
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āĻāĻ–āĻžāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻ¸āĻžāĻŦāĻœā§‡āĻ•ā§āĻŸ āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡ 'we', āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž 'be' āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋ 'are'āĨ¤
166:44
Don’t forget to add a ‘not’ after that to make it negative.
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āĻāĻŸāĻŋāĻ•ā§‡ āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ¤āĻŋāĻŦāĻžāĻšāĻ• āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°ā§‡ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ 'āĻ¨āĻž' āĻ¯ā§‹āĻ— āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ­ā§āĻ˛āĻŦā§‡āĻ¨ āĻ¨āĻžāĨ¤
166:49
Let's move on.
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āĻšāĻ˛ āĻāĻ—ā§‹āĻ‡.
166:50
Now let's talk about how to form ‘be’ verb  questions in the present continuous tense.
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āĻāĻ–āĻ¨ āĻšāĻ˛ā§āĻ¨ āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ āĻ§āĻžāĻ°āĻžāĻŦāĻžāĻšāĻŋāĻ• āĻ•āĻžāĻ˛ā§‡ 'be' āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻĒāĻĻ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻļā§āĻ¨ āĻ•ā§€āĻ­āĻžāĻŦā§‡ āĻ—āĻ āĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ¸ā§‡ āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ•ā§‡ āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āĻŦāĻ˛āĻž āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•āĨ¤
166:57
The first example here says,
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āĻāĻ–āĻžāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽ āĻ‰āĻĻāĻžāĻšāĻ°āĻŖ āĻŦāĻ˛ā§‡,
166:58
‘Is he waiting for you?’
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'āĻ¸ā§‡ āĻ•āĻŋ āĻ¤ā§‹āĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ…āĻĒā§‡āĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻž āĻ•āĻ°āĻ›ā§‡?'
167:02
or ‘Is he waiting for you?’
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āĻ…āĻĨāĻŦāĻž 'āĻ¸ā§‡ āĻ•āĻŋ āĻ¤ā§‹āĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ…āĻĒā§‡āĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻž āĻ•āĻ°āĻ›ā§‡?'
167:03
We start with the ‘be’ verb.
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž 'āĻšāĻ¤ā§‡' āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻļā§āĻ°ā§ āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋāĨ¤
167:05
Take a look at the subject though.
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āĻ¯āĻĻāĻŋāĻ“ āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇāĻ¯āĻŧāĻŸāĻŋ āĻĻā§‡āĻ–ā§‡ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¨āĨ¤
167:07
The subject is ‘he’ and that's why we start with the ‘be’ verb ‘is’.
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āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻšāĻ˛ 'āĻ¸ā§‡' āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ¸ā§‡āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž 'āĻšāĻ¤ā§‡' āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž 'is' āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻļā§āĻ°ā§ āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋāĨ¤
167:12
‘Is he waiting for you?’
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'āĻ¸ā§‡ āĻ•āĻŋ āĻ¤ā§‹āĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ…āĻĒā§‡āĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻž āĻ•āĻ°āĻ›ā§‡?'
167:14
You can answer, ‘Yes, he is.’ or ‘No he isn't.’
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āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ‰āĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻ° āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡āĻ¨, 'āĻšā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ, āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋāĨ¤' āĻ…āĻĨāĻŦāĻž 'āĻ¨āĻž āĻ¸ā§‡ āĻ¨āĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤'
167:19
The second sentence says,
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āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāĻ¤ā§€āĻ¯āĻŧ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¯āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻ˛ā§‡,
167:20
‘Are you coming to class?’
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'āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ•āĻŋ āĻ•ā§āĻ˛āĻžāĻ¸ā§‡ āĻ†āĻ¸āĻ›ā§‡āĻ¨?'
167:23
The subject here is ‘you’ and  that's why we start with ‘are’.
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āĻāĻ–āĻžāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ¸āĻžāĻŦāĻœā§‡āĻ•ā§āĻŸ āĻšāĻ˛ 'āĻ¤ā§āĻŽāĻŋ' āĻ†āĻ° āĻ¸ā§‡āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž 'are' āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻļā§āĻ°ā§ āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋāĨ¤
167:27
‘Are you coming to class?’
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'āĻ•ā§āĻ˛āĻžāĻ¸ā§‡ āĻ†āĻ¸āĻ›ā§‡āĻ¨?'
167:29
You can answer, ‘Yes I am.’ or ‘No, I'm not.’
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āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ‰āĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻ° āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡āĻ¨, 'āĻšā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋāĨ¤' āĻ…āĻĨāĻŦāĻž 'āĻ¨āĻž, āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ¨āĻ‡āĨ¤'
167:35
The next question says, ‘Is he preparing to study in Canada?’
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āĻĒāĻ°ā§‡āĻ° āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻļā§āĻ¨ āĻŦāĻ˛ā§‡, 'āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ•āĻŋ āĻ•āĻžāĻ¨āĻžāĻĄāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻĒāĻĄāĻŧāĻžāĻ° āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¸ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻŋ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻšā§āĻ›ā§‡āĻ¨?'
167:40
The subject is ‘he’, and so we start with ‘is’.
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āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻšāĻ˛ 'āĻ¸ā§‡', āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž 'āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧ' āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻļā§āĻ°ā§ āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋāĨ¤
167:44
The answer can be, ‘Yes, he is.’ or it can also be ‘No, he isn't.’
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āĻ‰āĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻ° āĻšāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡, 'āĻšā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ, āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋāĨ¤' āĻ…āĻĨāĻŦāĻž āĻāĻŸāĻžāĻ“ āĻšāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡ 'āĻ¨āĻž, āĻ¸ā§‡ āĻ¨āĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤'
167:50
Finally the last question says, ‘Are they going out tonight?’
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āĻ…āĻŦāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§‡ āĻļā§‡āĻˇ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻļā§āĻ¨ āĻŦāĻ˛ā§‡, 'āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻ•āĻŋ āĻ†āĻœ āĻ°āĻžāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻŦāĻžāĻ‡āĻ°ā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻšā§āĻ›ā§‡?'
167:55
The subject here is ‘they’, and so we start with ‘are’.
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āĻāĻ–āĻžāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻšāĻ˛ 'āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž', āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž 'āĻ†āĻ°ā§‡' āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻļā§āĻ°ā§ āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋāĨ¤
168:00
The answer can be ‘Yes, they are.’ or ‘No, they aren't.’
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āĻ‰āĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻ° āĻšāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡ 'āĻšā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ, āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻžāĨ¤' āĻ…āĻĨāĻŦāĻž 'āĻ¨āĻž, āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻ¨āĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤'
168:06
Let's move on.
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āĻšāĻ˛ āĻāĻ—ā§‹āĻ‡.
168:07
Now let's talk about the WH question  form for the present continuous tense.
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āĻāĻ–āĻ¨ āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ āĻ§āĻžāĻ°āĻžāĻŦāĻžāĻšāĻŋāĻ• āĻ•āĻžāĻ˛ā§‡āĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ WH āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻļā§āĻ¨ āĻĢāĻ°ā§āĻŽ āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ•ā§‡ āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āĻŦāĻ˛āĻž āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•āĨ¤
168:13
I have some examples here
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻāĻ–āĻžāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ›ā§ āĻ‰āĻĻāĻžāĻšāĻ°āĻŖ āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡
168:15
and you'll notice that we start with the WH questions:
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āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ˛āĻ•ā§āĻˇā§āĻ¯ āĻ•āĻ°āĻŦā§‡āĻ¨ āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž WH āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻļā§āĻ¨ āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻļā§āĻ°ā§ āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋ:
168:19
what, where, when, who, why, and how.
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āĻ•āĻŋ, āĻ•ā§‹āĻĨāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ, āĻ•āĻ–āĻ¨, āĻ•ā§‡, āĻ•ā§‡āĻ¨ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ­āĻžāĻŦā§‡āĨ¤
168:24
What comes after?
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āĻĒāĻ°ā§‡ āĻ•āĻŋ āĻ†āĻ¸ā§‡?
168:26
You'll notice it's the ‘be’ verbs: ‘are’, ‘is’, and if the subject is ‘I’, ‘am’.
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āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ˛āĻ•ā§āĻˇā§āĻ¯ āĻ•āĻ°āĻŦā§‡āĻ¨ āĻāĻŸāĻŋ 'āĻšāĻŦā§‡' āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž: 'are', 'is', āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ¯āĻĻāĻŋ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧ 'I', 'am'āĨ¤
168:33
So after that you have the subject and then the verb -ing.
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āĻ¸ā§āĻ¤āĻ°āĻžāĻ‚ āĻāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°ā§‡ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻžāĻ›ā§‡ subject āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻĒāĻ° verb -ing āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤
168:39
Let's take a look at the first sentence.
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āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¯āĻŸāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŦāĻžāĻ° āĻĻā§‡āĻ–ā§‡ āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•āĨ¤
168:42
‘What are you doing?’
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'āĻ¤ā§āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ•āĻŋ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ›ā§‹?'
168:44
I'm asking about right now.
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ•ā§‡ āĻœāĻŋāĻœā§āĻžāĻžāĻ¸āĻž āĻ•āĻ°āĻ›āĻŋ.
168:46
For example, ‘I'm teaching English.’
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āĻ¯ā§‡āĻŽāĻ¨, 'āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ‡āĻ‚āĻ°ā§‡āĻœāĻŋ āĻļā§‡āĻ–āĻžāĻšā§āĻ›āĻŋāĨ¤'
168:49
‘Where are you going?’ ‘I'm going to the store.’
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'āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ•ā§‹āĻĨāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ¯āĻžāĻšā§āĻ›ā§‡āĻ¨?' 'āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻĻā§‹āĻ•āĻžāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻšā§āĻ›āĻŋ.'
168:54
‘When is it starting?’ ‘It's starting at 3.’
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'āĻ•āĻŦā§‡ āĻĨā§‡āĻ•ā§‡ āĻļā§āĻ°ā§ āĻšāĻšā§āĻ›ā§‡?' 'āĻāĻŸāĻž āĻļā§āĻ°ā§ āĻšāĻšā§āĻ›ā§‡ ā§ŠāĻŸāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤'
168:59
I can be talking about a movie a show anything can be ‘it’.
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻšāĻ˛āĻšā§āĻšāĻŋāĻ¤ā§āĻ° āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ•ā§‡ āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°āĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻļā§‹ āĻ¯ā§‡āĻ•ā§‹āĻ¨ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ›ā§ āĻšāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡ 'āĻāĻŸāĻŋ'āĨ¤
169:04
‘Who is she talking to?’ ‘She's talking to Bob.’
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'āĻ¸ā§‡ āĻ•āĻžāĻ° āĻ¸āĻžāĻĨā§‡ āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ›ā§‡?' 'āĻ¸ā§‡ āĻŦāĻŦā§‡āĻ° āĻ¸āĻžāĻĨā§‡ āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤'
169:09
‘Why is she crying?’ ‘She's crying because she's sad.’
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'āĻ¸ā§‡ āĻ•āĻžāĻāĻĻāĻ›ā§‡ āĻ•ā§‡āĻ¨?' 'āĻ¸ā§‡ āĻ•āĻžāĻāĻĻāĻ›ā§‡ āĻ•āĻžāĻ°āĻŖ āĻ¸ā§‡ āĻĻā§āĻƒāĻ–āĻŋāĻ¤āĨ¤'
169:15
And finally, ‘How is it going?’ ‘It's going well.’
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āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ…āĻŦāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§‡, 'āĻ•ā§‡āĻŽāĻ¨ āĻšāĻ˛āĻ›ā§‡?' 'āĻāĻŸāĻž āĻ­āĻžāĻ˛ āĻ¯āĻžāĻšā§āĻ›ā§‡.'
169:20
For this checkup of the present continuous tense,
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āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻžāĻ¨āĻž āĻ•āĻžāĻ˛ā§‡āĻ° āĻāĻ‡ āĻšā§‡āĻ•āĻ†āĻĒā§‡āĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯,
169:23
we'll look at how this tense can be used to  describe an action that's happening right now.
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻŦ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ­āĻžāĻŦā§‡ āĻāĻ‡ āĻ•āĻžāĻ˛āĻŸāĻŋ āĻāĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ˜āĻŸāĻ›ā§‡ āĻāĻŽāĻ¨ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻŖāĻ¨āĻž āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻ¯ā§‡āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡āĨ¤
169:29
Let's take a look at the first sentence.
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āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¯āĻŸāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŦāĻžāĻ° āĻĻā§‡āĻ–ā§‡ āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•āĨ¤
169:32
‘You -blank- learning English.’
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'āĻ¤ā§āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ–āĻžāĻ˛āĻŋ- āĻ‡āĻ‚āĻ°ā§‡āĻœāĻŋ āĻļāĻŋāĻ–āĻ›āĨ¤'
169:35
Remember for this tense, we start  with the subject and the ‘be’ verb
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10175359
4641
āĻāĻ‡ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻŽāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ°āĻžāĻ–āĻŦā§‡āĻ¨, āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž subject āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ 'be' āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž
169:40
and then the verb ‘-ing’.
3213
10180000
1920
āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻĒāĻ° āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻŸāĻŋ '-ing' āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻļā§āĻ°ā§ āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋāĨ¤
169:42
We already have the verb ‘-ing’ here, so we need the ‘be’ verb.
3214
10182640
4480
āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻāĻ–āĻžāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ‡āĻ¤āĻŋāĻŽāĻ§ā§āĻ¯ā§‡āĻ‡ '-ing' āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡, āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° 'be' āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¯āĻŧā§‹āĻœāĻ¨āĨ¤
169:47
The subject in the first sentence is ‘you’.
3215
10187840
2479
āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¯āĻŸāĻŋāĻ° āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻšāĻ˛ 'āĻ¤ā§āĻŽāĻŋ'āĨ¤
169:51
For ‘you’, ‘we’, and ‘they’,  we use the ‘be’ verb - ‘are’,
3216
10191200
4159
'āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ', 'āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž', āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ 'āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž'-āĻāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯, āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž 'āĻšāĻ“' āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋ - 'āĻ†āĻ°ā§‡',
169:55
so the correct answer is,
3217
10195920
1520
āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻ¸āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ‰āĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻ° āĻšāĻ˛,
169:58
‘You are learning English’ right now.
3218
10198080
2960
'āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻāĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ‡āĻ‚āĻ°ā§‡āĻœāĻŋ āĻļāĻŋāĻ–āĻ›ā§‡āĻ¨'āĨ¤
170:02
The next sentence says,
3219
10202240
1520
āĻĒāĻ°ā§‡āĻ° āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¯āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻ˛ā§‡,
170:03
‘She _blank_ not watching TV.’
3220
10203760
3120
'āĻ¸ā§‡ _blank_ āĻŸāĻŋāĻ­āĻŋ āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻ›ā§‡ āĻ¨āĻžāĨ¤'
170:07
This is the negative form of  the present continuous tense.
3221
10207600
4320
āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ āĻ…āĻŦāĻŋāĻšā§āĻ›āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¨ āĻ•āĻžāĻ˛ā§‡āĻ° āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ¤āĻŋāĻŦāĻžāĻšāĻ• āĻ°ā§‚āĻĒāĨ¤
170:11
We have the word ‘not’ before the verb ‘-ing’,
3222
10211920
3760
āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° '-ing' āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻĒāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻ†āĻ—ā§‡ 'not' āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡,
170:16
However, we're missing the ‘be’ verb again.
3223
10216399
2480
āĻ¯āĻžāĻ‡āĻšā§‹āĻ•, āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ†āĻŦāĻžāĻ° 'be' āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻŸāĻŋ āĻŽāĻŋāĻ¸ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ›āĻŋāĨ¤
170:19
What is the be verb to use  if the subject is ‘she’?
3224
10219600
3360
āĻ¸āĻžāĻŦāĻœā§‡āĻ•ā§āĻŸ 'āĻ¸ā§‡' āĻšāĻ˛ā§‡ be āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻŦā§‡ āĻ•āĻŋ?
170:23
the correct answer is ‘is’.
3225
10223760
2080
āĻ¸āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ‰āĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻ° āĻšāĻ˛ 'āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧ'āĨ¤
170:27
‘She is not watching TV.’
3226
10227200
2560
'āĻ¸ā§‡ āĻŸāĻŋāĻ­āĻŋ āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻ›ā§‡ āĻ¨āĻžāĨ¤'
170:31
This one says, ‘I _blank_ studying now.’
3227
10231439
3280
āĻāĻ‡ āĻāĻ•āĻœāĻ¨ āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ›ā§‡, 'āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻ–āĻ¨ āĻĒāĻĄāĻŧāĻžāĻļā§‹āĻ¨āĻž āĻ•āĻ°āĻ›āĻŋāĨ¤'
170:35
The subject here is ‘I’.
3228
10235520
1681
āĻāĻ–āĻžāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻšāĻ˛ 'āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ'āĨ¤
170:38
Again think of the ‘be’ verb that goes before the subject ‘I’.
3229
10238080
3920
āĻ†āĻŦāĻžāĻ° 'āĻšāĻ¤ā§‡' āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻŸāĻŋāĻ° āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āĻ­āĻžāĻŦā§āĻ¨ āĻ¯āĻž 'āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ' āĻāĻ° āĻ†āĻ—ā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤
170:43
The ‘be’ verb is ‘am’.
3230
10243120
1840
'āĻšāĻŦā§‡' āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻšāĻ˛ 'āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ'āĨ¤
170:46
‘I am studying now.’
3231
10246080
1920
'āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻ–āĻ¨ āĻĒāĻĄāĻŧāĻ›āĻŋ.'
170:48
We can also use a contraction and say, ‘I'm studying now’
3232
10248720
4480
āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¸āĻ‚āĻ•ā§‹āĻšāĻ¨āĻ“ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°āĻŋ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°āĻŋ, 'āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ…āĻ§ā§āĻ¯āĻ¯āĻŧāĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ›āĻŋ'
170:54
If we wanted to turn this into the negative form,
3233
10254160
3439
āĻ¯āĻĻāĻŋ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻāĻŸāĻŋāĻ•ā§‡ āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ¤āĻŋāĻŦāĻžāĻšāĻ• āĻ†āĻ•āĻžāĻ°ā§‡ āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻŖāĻ¤ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻžāĻ‡ āĻ¤āĻŦā§‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž
170:57
we can also say, ‘I'm not studying now.’
3234
10257600
3360
āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°āĻŋ, 'āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻ–āĻ¨ āĻĒāĻĄāĻŧāĻžāĻļā§‹āĻ¨āĻž āĻ•āĻ°āĻ›āĻŋ āĻ¨āĻžāĨ¤'
171:02
Now, take a look at the next  sentence and find the mistake.
3235
10262160
3840
āĻāĻ–āĻ¨, āĻĒāĻ°āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§€ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¯āĻŸāĻŋ āĻĻā§‡āĻ–ā§āĻ¨ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ­ā§āĻ˛āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¸āĻ¨ā§āĻ§āĻžāĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻ¨āĨ¤
171:06
‘Layla is watch a movie.’
3236
10266880
2640
'āĻ˛āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĻ˛āĻž āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻž āĻ¸āĻŋāĻ¨ā§‡āĻŽāĻž āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤'
171:10
Here we have the subject and the subject pronoun for Layla would be ‘she’.
3237
10270479
4721
āĻāĻ–āĻžāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻ•āĻžāĻ›ā§‡ āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ˛āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĻ˛āĻžāĻ° āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ¸āĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻ¨āĻžāĻŽ āĻšāĻŦā§‡ 'āĻ¸ā§‡'āĨ¤
171:16
We have the correct ‘be’ verb - ‘is’,
3238
10276080
2560
āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻ¸āĻ āĻŋāĻ• 'āĻŦā§‡' āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡ - 'is',
171:19
However, you'll notice we forgot  the ‘-ing’ at the end of the verb.
3239
10279359
5761
āĻ¯āĻžāĻ‡āĻšā§‹āĻ•, āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ˛āĻ•ā§āĻˇā§āĻ¯ āĻ•āĻ°āĻŦā§‡āĻ¨ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ° āĻļā§‡āĻˇā§‡ '-ing' āĻ­ā§āĻ˛ā§‡ āĻ—ā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāĨ¤
171:25
We need to say, ‘watching’.
3240
10285760
2560
āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻŦā§‡, 'āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻ›āĻŋ'āĨ¤
171:29
‘Layla is watching a movie.’
3241
10289279
2561
'āĻ˛āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĻ˛āĻž āĻ¸āĻŋāĻ¨ā§‡āĻŽāĻž āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤'
171:33
The next sentence says,
3242
10293040
1439
āĻĒāĻ°ā§‡āĻ° āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¯āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻ˛ā§‡,
171:34
‘They playing soccer now.’
3243
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2000
'āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻāĻ–āĻ¨ āĻĢā§āĻŸāĻŦāĻ˛ āĻ–ā§‡āĻ˛āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤'
171:37
What's missing?
3244
10297359
801
āĻ•āĻŋ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻĒāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻŋāĻ¤?
171:39
If you got it the correct answer is we need the ‘be’ verb – ‘are’
3245
10299120
4159
āĻ¯āĻĻāĻŋ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻĒā§‡āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•ā§‡āĻ¨ āĻ¤āĻžāĻšāĻ˛ā§‡ āĻ¸āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ‰āĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻ° āĻšāĻ˛ āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° 'āĻšāĻŦā§‡' āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž- 'āĻ†āĻ°ā§‡' āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¯āĻŧā§‹āĻœāĻ¨
171:43
because the subject is ‘they’.
3246
10303920
1920
āĻ•āĻžāĻ°āĻŖ āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻšāĻ˛ 'āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž'āĨ¤
171:46
‘They are playing soccer now.’
3247
10306800
2560
'āĻ“āĻ°āĻž āĻāĻ–āĻ¨ āĻĢā§āĻŸāĻŦāĻ˛ āĻ–ā§‡āĻ˛āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤'
171:50
And finally, ‘What do you do?’
3248
10310560
2480
āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ…āĻŦāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§‡, 'āĻ¤ā§āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ•āĻŋ āĻ•āĻ°?'
171:54
If you want to ask somebody  what they're doing right now,
3249
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3439
āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ¯āĻĻāĻŋ āĻ•āĻžāĻ‰āĻ•ā§‡ āĻœāĻŋāĻœā§āĻžāĻžāĻ¸āĻž āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻžāĻ¨ āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻāĻ‡ āĻŽā§āĻšā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ•ā§€ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ›ā§‡,
171:58
you say, 'what’... and the ‘be’ verb – ‘are... you.. doing?’
3250
10318240
10640
āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻŦāĻ˛āĻŦā§‡āĻ¨, 'āĻ•ā§€'... āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ 'āĻšāĻ“' āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž - 'āĻ†āĻšā§āĻ›āĻž... āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ.. āĻ•āĻ°āĻ›ā§‡āĻ¨?'
172:09
‘What are you doing?’
3251
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'āĻ¤ā§āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ•āĻŋ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ›ā§‹?'
172:12
Let's move on to the next practice.
3252
10332319
1521
āĻ†āĻ¸ā§āĻ¨ āĻĒāĻ°āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§€ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻļā§€āĻ˛āĻ¨ā§‡ āĻāĻ—āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ‡āĨ¤
172:14
For this checkup we'll talk about the present continuous tense
3253
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āĻāĻ‡ āĻšā§‡āĻ•āĻ†āĻĒā§‡āĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ āĻ…āĻŦāĻŋāĻšā§āĻ›āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¨ āĻ•āĻžāĻ˛ āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ•ā§‡ āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āĻŦāĻ˛āĻŦ
172:18
and how it can be used to describe an action that started in the past and continues today.
3254
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āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻ…āĻ¤ā§€āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻļā§āĻ°ā§ āĻšāĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ†āĻœ āĻšāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āĻž āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻŖāĻ¨āĻž āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ•ā§€āĻ­āĻžāĻŦā§‡ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻ¯ā§‡āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡āĨ¤
172:24
It's a longer action.
3255
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āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻĻā§€āĻ°ā§āĻ˜ āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻŽ.
172:26
Let's take a look at the first sentence.
3256
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āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¯āĻŸāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŦāĻžāĻ° āĻĻā§‡āĻ–ā§‡ āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•āĨ¤
172:29
‘He _blank_ studying economics.’
3257
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'āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĨāĻ¨ā§€āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻĄāĻŧā§‡āĻ¨āĨ¤'
172:32
Remember for this tense, we take the  subject, a ‘be’ verb, and then verb ‘-ing’.
3258
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āĻŽāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ°āĻžāĻ–āĻŦā§‡āĻ¨ āĻāĻ‡ āĻ•āĻžāĻ˛ā§‡āĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯, āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ¸āĻžāĻŦāĻœā§‡āĻ•ā§āĻŸāĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ‡, āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ 'āĻŦā§‡' āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž, āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻĒāĻ° āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž '-ing'āĨ¤
172:39
Here we already have the verb ‘-ing’, ‘studying’.
3259
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āĻāĻ–āĻžāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻ‡āĻ¤āĻŋāĻŽāĻ§ā§āĻ¯ā§‡āĻ‡ '-ing', 'studying' āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤
172:43
So what are we missing?
3260
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āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ•āĻŋ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻĒāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻŋāĻ¤?
172:44
The ‘be’ verb.
3261
10364960
880
'āĻšāĻ“' āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĨ¤
172:46
The correct ‘be’ verb for  the subject ‘he’ is ‘is’.
3262
10366399
3761
'āĻ¸ā§‡' āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ¸āĻ āĻŋāĻ• 'āĻšāĻŦā§‡' āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻšāĻ˛ 'is'āĨ¤
172:51
So, ‘He is studying economics.’
3263
10371120
2960
āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡, 'āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĨāĻ¨ā§€āĻ¤āĻŋ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻĒāĻĄāĻŧāĻžāĻļā§‹āĻ¨āĻž āĻ•āĻ°āĻ›ā§‡āĻ¨āĨ¤'
172:54
The next sentence says, ‘They're _blank_ for the fight.’
3264
10374880
3760
āĻĒāĻ°ā§‡āĻ° āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¯āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻ˛ā§‡, 'āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻ˛āĻĄāĻŧāĻžāĻ‡āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ _blank_'
172:59
The verb we want to use is ‘train’.
3265
10379359
2320
āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻĒāĻĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻžāĻ‡ āĻ¤āĻž āĻšāĻ˛ 'āĻŸā§āĻ°ā§‡āĻ¨'āĨ¤
173:02
Now we already have the 'be' verb here.
3266
10382560
3120
āĻāĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻāĻ–āĻžāĻ¨ā§‡ 'āĻšāĻŦā§‡' āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤
173:05
It's in the contraction ‘there’  because it's ‘they are’.
3267
10385680
4160
āĻāĻŸāĻŋ 'āĻ¸ā§‡āĻ–āĻžāĻ¨ā§‡' āĻ¸āĻ‚āĻ•ā§‹āĻšāĻ¨ā§‡āĻ° āĻŽāĻ§ā§āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻ°āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ›ā§‡ āĻ•āĻžāĻ°āĻŖ āĻāĻŸāĻŋ 'āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž'āĨ¤
173:10
All we have to do now is add ‘-ing’ to the verb.
3268
10390560
3440
āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻāĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ¯āĻž āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻŦā§‡ āĻ¤āĻž āĻšāĻ˛ āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ° āĻ¸āĻžāĻĨā§‡ '-ing' āĻ¯ā§‹āĻ— āĻ•āĻ°āĻžāĨ¤
173:14
‘They're training for the fight these days.’
3269
10394720
5360
'āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻ†āĻœāĻ•āĻžāĻ˛ āĻ˛āĻĄāĻŧāĻžāĻ‡āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻļāĻŋāĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻŖ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻšā§āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤'
173:20
And ‘We _blank_ teaching at the school.’
3270
10400800
3600
āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ 'āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž _āĻ–āĻžāĻ˛āĻŋ_ āĻ¸ā§āĻ•ā§āĻ˛ā§‡ āĻĒāĻĄāĻŧāĻžāĻ‡āĨ¤'
173:25
Again we're missing the ‘be’ verb.
3271
10405200
2319
āĻ†āĻŦāĻžāĻ° āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž 'āĻšāĻ¤ā§‡' āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻŸāĻŋ āĻšāĻžāĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻĢā§‡āĻ˛āĻ›āĻŋāĨ¤
173:28
What is the ‘be’ verb for ‘we’?
3272
10408080
1840
'āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž'-āĻāĻ° 'āĻšāĻ“' āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻ•ā§€?
173:31
The correct answer is ‘are’.
3273
10411040
2560
āĻ¸āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ‰āĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻ° āĻšāĻ˛ 'āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧ'āĨ¤
173:34
‘We are teaching at the school.’
3274
10414720
3120
'āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ¸ā§āĻ•ā§āĻ˛ā§‡ āĻĒāĻĄāĻŧāĻžāĻšā§āĻ›āĻŋāĨ¤'
173:38
Now let's look for the  mistakes in the next sentence.
3275
10418399
3761
āĻāĻŦāĻžāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°ā§‡āĻ° āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻ­ā§āĻ˛āĻ—ā§āĻ˛ā§‹ āĻ–ā§‹āĻāĻœāĻž āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•āĨ¤
173:43
‘Ben is study to become a doctor.’
3276
10423120
3120
'āĻŦā§‡āĻ¨ āĻĄāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¤āĻžāĻ° āĻšāĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻĒāĻĄāĻŧāĻžāĻļā§‹āĻ¨āĻž āĻ•āĻ°āĻ›ā§‡āĻ¨āĨ¤'
173:47
Can you find the error?
3277
10427279
1280
āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ¤ā§āĻ°ā§āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ–ā§āĻāĻœā§‡ āĻĒā§‡āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡āĻ¨?
173:49
Well we have the subject and we have the proper ‘be verb’.
3278
10429760
4400
āĻ†āĻšā§āĻ›āĻž āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻ¸āĻžāĻŦāĻœā§‡āĻ•ā§āĻŸ āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻ¸āĻ āĻŋāĻ• 'be verb' āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤
173:54
What we're missing is the ‘-ing’ at the end of ‘study’.
3279
10434160
4640
āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ¯āĻž āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻĒāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ›āĻŋ āĻ¤āĻž āĻšāĻ˛ 'āĻ…āĻ§ā§āĻ¯āĻ¯āĻŧāĻ¨' āĻļā§‡āĻˇā§‡ '-ing'āĨ¤
174:00
The correct answer is, ‘Ben is studying to become a doctor’.
3280
10440160
6000
āĻ¸āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ‰āĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻ° āĻšāĻ˛, 'āĻŦā§‡āĻ¨ āĻĄāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¤āĻžāĻ° āĻšāĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻĒāĻĄāĻŧāĻžāĻļā§‹āĻ¨āĻž āĻ•āĻ°āĻ›ā§‡'āĨ¤
174:06
Let's look at the next sentence.
3281
10446160
1680
āĻāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°ā§‡āĻ° āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¯ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ•āĻžāĻ¨.
174:08
‘I don't reading that book.’
3282
10448720
6400
'āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ¸ā§‡āĻ‡ āĻŦāĻ‡ āĻĒāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋ āĻ¨āĻžāĨ¤'
174:15
hmm
3283
10455120
82
174:15
‘I don't reading that book.’
3284
10455202
878
hmm 'I don't reading that book.'
174:16
To form the negative in the present continuous, we don't use ‘do’ or ‘does’
3285
10456080
5760
āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŽāĻžāĻ—āĻ¤ āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ¤āĻŋāĻŦāĻžāĻšāĻ• āĻ—āĻ āĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡, āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž 'āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻ¨' āĻŦāĻž 'āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡' āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋ āĻ¨āĻž
174:21
We use the ‘be’ verb. What is the be verb for ‘I’?
3286
10461840
3680
āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž 'āĻšāĻŦā§‡' āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋāĨ¤ 'āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ'-āĻāĻ° be āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻ•ā§€?
174:26
The correct answer is ‘am’.
3287
10466160
2000
āĻ¸āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ‰āĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻ° āĻšāĻ˛ 'āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ'āĨ¤
174:28
‘I am not reading that book.’
3288
10468960
4880
'āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ¸ā§‡āĻ‡ āĻŦāĻ‡ āĻĒāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋ āĻ¨āĻžāĨ¤'
174:34
There is no contraction for ‘am not’.
3289
10474399
2721
'āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ‡' āĻāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ•ā§‹āĻ¨ āĻ¸āĻ‚āĻ•ā§‹āĻšāĻ¨ āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ‡āĨ¤
174:38
Finally, ‘They are to learn English.’
3290
10478560
3440
āĻ…āĻŦāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§‡, 'āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻ‡āĻ‚āĻ°ā§‡āĻœāĻŋ āĻļāĻŋāĻ–āĻŦā§‡āĨ¤'
174:42
We have the subject and we have the correct ‘be’ verb,
3291
10482640
4000
āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻ¸āĻžāĻŦāĻœā§‡āĻ•ā§āĻŸ āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻ¸āĻ āĻŋāĻ• 'āĻŦā§‡' āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡,
174:46
but remember we need verb ‘-ing’.
3292
10486640
2720
āĻ¤āĻŦā§‡ āĻŽāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ°āĻžāĻ–āĻŦā§‡āĻ¨ āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° '-ing' āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻĻāĻ°āĻ•āĻžāĻ°āĨ¤
174:50
Therefore, the correct answer is,
3293
10490160
2720
āĻ…āĻ¤āĻāĻŦ, āĻ¸āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ‰āĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻ° āĻšāĻ˛,
174:53
‘They are learning English.’
3294
10493439
3360
'āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻ‡āĻ‚āĻ°ā§‡āĻœāĻŋ āĻļāĻŋāĻ–āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤'
174:57
Let's move on to the next checkup.
3295
10497680
1920
āĻāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§€ āĻšā§‡āĻ•āĻ†āĻĒā§‡ āĻāĻ—āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•āĨ¤
175:00
For this checkup we'll take a look at how the present continuous tense
3296
10500479
4400
āĻāĻ‡ āĻšā§‡āĻ•āĻ†āĻĒā§‡āĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ­āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ¯ā§Ž āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻ•āĻ˛ā§āĻĒāĻ¨āĻž āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ•ā§‡ āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āĻŦāĻ˛āĻžāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯
175:04
can be used to talk about future plans.
3297
10504880
2960
āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ āĻ§āĻžāĻ°āĻžāĻŦāĻžāĻšāĻŋāĻ• āĻ•āĻžāĻ˛ āĻ•ā§€āĻ­āĻžāĻŦā§‡ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻ¯ā§‡āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡ āĻ¤āĻž āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻŦ āĨ¤
175:07
Let's take a look.
3298
10507840
800
āĻāĻ° āĻ•āĻŸāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻĒāĻžāĻ¤ āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•.
175:09
The first sentence says, ‘They're play a game tonight.’
3299
10509279
4641
āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¯āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻ˛ā§‡, 'āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻ†āĻœ āĻ°āĻžāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ–ā§‡āĻ˛āĻž āĻ–ā§‡āĻ˛āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤'
175:13
The verb we want to use is ‘play’.
3300
10513920
2240
āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻžāĻ‡ āĻ¤āĻž āĻšāĻ˛ 'āĻ–ā§‡āĻ˛āĻž'āĨ¤
175:17
Remember we start with the subject  and here we have it, ‘they’.
3301
10517040
3840
āĻŽāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ°āĻžāĻ–āĻŦā§‡āĻ¨ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻļā§āĻ°ā§ āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻāĻ–āĻžāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡, 'āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž'āĨ¤
175:21
Then we have the ‘be’ verb.
3302
10521760
2240
āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻĒāĻ° āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž 'be' āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
175:24
In this case we used a contraction  for ‘they are – ‘they’re’.
3303
10524000
4960
āĻāĻ‡ āĻ•ā§āĻˇā§‡āĻ¤ā§āĻ°ā§‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž 'āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡ - 'āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž' āĻāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¸āĻ‚āĻ•ā§‹āĻšāĻ¨ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāĨ¤
175:28
That's correct.
3304
10528960
880
āĻāĻŸāĻžāĻ‡ āĻ¸āĻ āĻŋāĻ•.
175:30
After that we have to add ‘-ing’ to the end of the verb,
3305
10530800
4720
āĻāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°ā§‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ° āĻļā§‡āĻˇā§‡ '-ing' āĻ¯ā§‹āĻ— āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻŦā§‡,
175:35
so the correct answer is, ‘They're playing a game tonight.’
3306
10535520
4721
āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻ¸āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ‰āĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻ° āĻšāĻ˛, 'āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻ†āĻœ āĻ°āĻžāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ–ā§‡āĻ˛āĻž āĻ–ā§‡āĻ˛āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤'
175:41
The next sentence says, 'We _blank_ not studying tomorrow.’
3307
10541359
4801
āĻĒāĻ°ā§‡āĻ° āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¯āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻ˛ā§‡, 'āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ†āĻ—āĻžāĻŽā§€āĻ•āĻžāĻ˛ āĻĒāĻĄāĻŧāĻžāĻļā§‹āĻ¨āĻž āĻ•āĻ°āĻŦ āĻ¨āĻžāĨ¤'
175:47
Looks good but there's a word that's missing.
3308
10547279
2400
āĻ­āĻžāĻ˛ā§‹ āĻ˛āĻžāĻ—āĻ›ā§‡ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻž āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ‡ āĻ¯āĻž āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ‡āĨ¤
175:50
This is the negative form because we have ‘not’.
3309
10550319
3200
āĻāĻ‡ āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ¤āĻŋāĻŦāĻžāĻšāĻ• āĻĢāĻ°ā§āĻŽ āĻ•āĻžāĻ°āĻŖ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž 'āĻ¨āĻž' āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
175:53
We simply need the ‘be’ verb for ‘we’.
3310
10553520
2480
āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻ•ā§‡āĻŦāĻ˛ 'āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž' āĻāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ 'āĻšāĻ“' āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻŸāĻŋ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¯āĻŧā§‹āĻœāĻ¨āĨ¤
175:56
The correct ‘be’ verb is ‘are’. ‘We are not studying tomorrow.’
3311
10556880
5600
āĻ¸āĻ āĻŋāĻ• 'be' āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻšāĻ˛ 'are'āĨ¤ 'āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ•āĻžāĻ˛ āĻĒāĻĄāĻŧāĻžāĻļā§āĻ¨āĻž āĻ•āĻ°āĻ›āĻŋ āĻ¨āĻžāĨ¤'
176:03
The next sentence says, ‘Lynn is _blank_ out tonight.’
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āĻĒāĻ°ā§‡āĻ° āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¯āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻ˛ā§‡, 'āĻ˛āĻŋāĻ¨ āĻ†āĻœ āĻ°āĻžāĻ¤ā§‡ _blank_ āĻ†āĻ‰āĻŸāĨ¤'
176:08
and we want to use the verb ‘go’.
3313
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āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž 'go' āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻžāĻ‡āĨ¤
176:10
Remember 'Lynn' and then the ‘be’ verb – ‘is’.
3314
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'āĻ˛āĻŋāĻ¨' āĻŽāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ°āĻžāĻ–āĻŦā§‡āĻ¨ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻĒāĻ°ā§‡ 'āĻšāĻ“' āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž - 'āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧ'āĨ¤
176:15
That's correct. All we have to do is add ‘-ing’.
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āĻāĻŸāĻžāĻ‡ āĻ¸āĻ āĻŋāĻ•. āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻ¯āĻž āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻŦā§‡ āĻ¤āĻž āĻšāĻ˛ '-ing' āĻ¯ā§‹āĻ— āĻ•āĻ°āĻžāĨ¤
176:21
‘Lynn is going out tonight.’
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'āĻ˛āĻŋāĻ¨ āĻ†āĻœ āĻ°āĻžāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻŦāĻžāĻ‡āĻ°ā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻšā§āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤'
176:24
To make this negative you can say,
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āĻāĻ‡ āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ¤āĻŋāĻŦāĻžāĻšāĻ• āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡āĻ¨,
176:27
‘Lynn is not going out tonight.’ or ‘Lynn isn't going out tonight.’
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'āĻ˛āĻŋāĻ¨ āĻ†āĻœ āĻ°āĻžāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻŦāĻžāĻ‡āĻ°ā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻšā§āĻ›ā§‡ āĻ¨āĻžāĨ¤' āĻ…āĻĨāĻŦāĻž 'āĻ˛āĻŋāĻ¨ āĻ†āĻœ āĻ°āĻžāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻŦāĻžāĻ‡āĻ°ā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻšā§āĻ›ā§‡ āĻ¨āĻžāĨ¤'
176:33
The next sentence says, ‘Laura isn't study this evening.’
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āĻĒāĻ°ā§‡āĻ° āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¯āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻ˛ā§‡, 'āĻ˛āĻ°āĻž āĻ†āĻœ āĻ¸āĻ¨ā§āĻ§ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻĒāĻĄāĻŧāĻžāĻļā§‹āĻ¨āĻž āĻ•āĻ°āĻ›ā§‡ āĻ¨āĻžāĨ¤'
176:38
Can you find the mistake?
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āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ­ā§āĻ˛ āĻ–ā§āĻāĻœā§‡ āĻĒā§‡āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡āĻ¨?
176:41
Remember we have to add  ‘-ing’ to the end of the verb,
3321
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āĻŽāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ°āĻžāĻ–āĻŦā§‡āĻ¨ āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ° āĻļā§‡āĻˇā§‡ '-ing' āĻ¯ā§‹āĻ— āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻŦā§‡,
176:46
so we need to say,
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āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻŦā§‡,
176:48
‘Laura isn't studying this evening.’
3323
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'āĻ˛āĻ°āĻž āĻ†āĻœ āĻ¸āĻ¨ā§āĻ§ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻĒāĻĄāĻŧāĻžāĻļā§‹āĻ¨āĻž āĻ•āĻ°āĻ›ā§‡ āĻ¨āĻžāĨ¤'
176:54
The next sentence says,
3324
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āĻĒāĻ°ā§‡āĻ° āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¯āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻ˛ā§‡,
176:56
‘My sons will playing chess later.’
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'āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻ›ā§‡āĻ˛ā§‡āĻ°āĻž āĻĒāĻ°ā§‡ āĻĻāĻžāĻŦāĻž āĻ–ā§‡āĻ˛āĻŦā§‡āĨ¤'
176:59
We are talking about a future plan,
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ­āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ¯āĻ¤ āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻ•āĻ˛ā§āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ›āĻŋ,
177:02
so you might be tempted to use ‘well’ or ‘will’, I'm sorry.
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āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ 'āĻ­āĻžāĻ˛' āĻŦāĻž 'āĻ‡āĻšā§āĻ›āĻž' āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ˛ā§āĻŦā§āĻ§ āĻšāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡āĻ¨, āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻĻā§āĻƒāĻ–āĻŋāĻ¤āĨ¤
177:06
However, instead of saying ‘will’, we use the ‘be’ verb.
3328
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āĻ¯āĻžāĻ‡āĻšā§‹āĻ•, 'āĻ‡āĻšā§āĻ›āĻž' āĻŦāĻ˛āĻžāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§‡, āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž 'āĻšāĻŦā§‡' āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋāĨ¤
177:11
‘My sons are playing chess later.’
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'āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻ›ā§‡āĻ˛ā§‡āĻ°āĻž āĻĒāĻ°ā§‡ āĻĻāĻžāĻŦāĻž āĻ–ā§‡āĻ˛āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤'
177:17
And finally, ‘She's not to eating dinner tonight.’
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āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ…āĻŦāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§‡, 'āĻ¸ā§‡ āĻ†āĻœ āĻ°āĻžāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĄāĻŋāĻ¨āĻžāĻ° āĻ–āĻžāĻŦā§‡ āĻ¨āĻžāĨ¤'
177:22
There's an extra word in here that we don't need.
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āĻāĻ–āĻžāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ…āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ°āĻŋāĻ•ā§āĻ¤ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡ āĻ¯āĻž āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¯āĻŧā§‹āĻœāĻ¨ āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ‡āĨ¤
177:25
What is it?
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āĻāĻŸāĻž āĻ•āĻŋ?
177:27
It's ‘to’.
3333
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āĻāĻŸāĻž 'āĻĨā§‡āĻ•ā§‡'āĨ¤
177:28
Remember, subject - ‘be’ verb, not verb ‘-ing’.
3334
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āĻŽāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ°āĻžāĻ–āĻŦā§‡āĻ¨, subject - 'be' verb, not verb '-ing'.
177:34
We do not need ‘to’ in this sentence.
3335
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āĻāĻ‡ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° 'to' āĻĻāĻ°āĻ•āĻžāĻ° āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ‡āĨ¤
177:38
All right well that's the end of this checkup.
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āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡ āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡ āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻāĻ‡ āĻšā§‡āĻ•āĻ†āĻĒ āĻļā§‡āĻˇ.
177:41
Let's move on.
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āĻšāĻ˛ āĻāĻ—ā§‹āĻ‡.
177:42
Good job, everyone.
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āĻ­āĻžāĻ˛ āĻ•āĻžāĻœ, āĻ¸āĻŦāĻžāĻ‡.
177:43
You just completed the lesson  on the present continuous tense.
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āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻāĻ‡āĻŽāĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻ° āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ āĻ§āĻžāĻ°āĻžāĻŦāĻžāĻšāĻŋāĻ• āĻ•āĻžāĻ˛ā§‡āĻ° āĻĒāĻžāĻ āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŖ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĻ›ā§‡āĻ¨āĨ¤
177:48
This tense is not easy but you did a great job.
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āĻāĻ‡ āĻ•āĻžāĻ˛ āĻ¸āĻšāĻœ āĻ¨āĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻĻā§āĻ°ā§āĻĻāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ āĻ•āĻžāĻœ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĻ›ā§‡āĻ¨āĨ¤
177:51
And keep watching to learn more.
3341
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āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ†āĻ°āĻ“ āĻœāĻžāĻ¨āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¨āĨ¤
177:53
I know English can be difficult but with practice and effort you will improve.
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻœāĻžāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ‡āĻ‚āĻ°ā§‡āĻœāĻŋ āĻ•āĻ āĻŋāĻ¨ āĻšāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻļā§€āĻ˛āĻ¨ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻšā§‡āĻˇā§āĻŸāĻžāĻ° āĻŽāĻžāĻ§ā§āĻ¯āĻŽā§‡ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ‰āĻ¨ā§āĻ¨āĻ¤āĻŋ āĻ•āĻ°āĻŦā§‡āĻ¨āĨ¤
177:58
I promise.
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āĻĻāĻŋāĻšā§āĻ›āĻŋāĨ¤
177:59
See you in the next video.
3344
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āĻĒāĻ°ā§‡āĻ° āĻ­āĻŋāĻĄāĻŋāĻ“āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻž āĻšāĻŦā§‡āĨ¤
178:09
Hi, everyone.
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āĻ¸āĻŦāĻžāĻ‡ āĻ•ā§‡āĻŽāĻ¨ āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡āĻ¨.
178:10
I'm Esther.
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ‡āĻ¸ā§āĻŸāĻžāĻ°āĨ¤
178:11
In this video, I'm going to introduce the present perfect tense.
3347
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āĻāĻ‡ āĻ­āĻŋāĻĄāĻŋāĻ“āĻ¤ā§‡, āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°āĻĢā§‡āĻ•ā§āĻŸ āĻ•āĻžāĻ˛ā§‡āĻ° āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻšāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻšā§āĻ›āĻŋāĨ¤
178:16
This tense can be used to talk about an action that happened in the past,
3348
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āĻāĻ‡ āĻ•āĻžāĻ˛āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ…āĻ¤ā§€āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ˜āĻŸā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ•ā§‡ āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻ¯ā§‡āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡,
178:21
but when it happened is not very important or it’s unknown.
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āĻ¤āĻŦā§‡ āĻ•āĻ–āĻ¨ āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻ˜āĻŸā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛ āĻ¤āĻž āĻ–ā§āĻŦ āĻ—ā§āĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻŦāĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŖ āĻ¨āĻ¯āĻŧ āĻŦāĻž āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻ…āĻœāĻžāĻ¨āĻžāĨ¤
178:25
It can also be used to talk about an action that started in the past and continues in
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āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ•ā§‡ āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§‡āĻ“ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻ¯ā§‡āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡ āĻ¯āĻž āĻ…āĻ¤ā§€āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻļā§āĻ°ā§ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚
178:32
the present.
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āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ…āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻšāĻ¤ āĻ°āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤
178:33
We really want to emphasize how long that action has been happening.
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ¸āĻ¤ā§āĻ¯āĻŋāĻ‡ āĻœā§‹āĻ° āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻžāĻ‡ āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻ•āĻ¤āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¨ āĻ§āĻ°ā§‡ āĻāĻ‡ āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻŽāĻŸāĻŋ āĻ˜āĻŸāĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤
178:38
And finally, we use this tense to talk about a recent action.
3353
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āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§‡, āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¸āĻžāĻŽā§āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ• āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻŽ āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ•ā§‡ āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻāĻ‡ āĻ•āĻžāĻ˛ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋāĨ¤
178:43
There's a lot to learn and a lot of important information, so keep watching.
3354
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āĻ…āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ• āĻ•āĻŋāĻ›ā§ āĻļā§‡āĻ–āĻžāĻ° āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ• āĻ—ā§āĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻŦāĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŖ āĻ¤āĻĨā§āĻ¯ āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡, āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¨āĨ¤
178:51
Let's talk about one usage of the present perfect tense.
3355
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āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ–ā§āĻāĻ¤ āĻ•āĻžāĻ˛ā§‡āĻ° āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ•ā§‡ āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āĻŦāĻ˛āĻž āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•āĨ¤
178:55
This tense can be used to talk about an action that happened in the past.
3356
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āĻāĻ‡ āĻ•āĻžāĻ˛āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ…āĻ¤ā§€āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ˜āĻŸā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ•ā§‡ āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻ¯ā§‡āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡āĨ¤
179:00
But when it happened is not important or not known.
3357
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4319
āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§ āĻ•āĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ˜āĻŸā§‡āĻ›ā§‡ āĻ¤āĻž āĻ—ā§āĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻŦāĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŖ āĻŦāĻž āĻœāĻžāĻ¨āĻž āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĻ¨āĻŋāĨ¤
179:05
However, this action is  important to the conversation 
3358
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4160
āĻ¯āĻžāĻ‡āĻšā§‹āĻ•, āĻāĻ‡ āĻĒāĻĻāĻ•ā§āĻˇā§‡āĻĒāĻŸāĻŋ āĻāĻ–āĻ¨āĻ‡ āĻ•āĻĨā§‹āĻĒāĻ•āĻĨāĻ¨ā§‡āĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ—ā§āĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻŦāĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŖ
179:09
right now.
3359
10749600
641
āĨ¤
179:10
Let's take a look at some examples.
3360
10750800
1840
āĻ†āĻ¸ā§āĻ¨ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ›ā§ āĻ‰āĻĻāĻžāĻšāĻ°āĻŖ āĻĻā§‡āĻ–ā§‡ āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•āĨ¤
179:13
The first one says, ‘I have been to Canada.’
3361
10753359
3761
āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽāĻœāĻ¨ āĻŦāĻ˛ā§‡, 'āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ•āĻžāĻ¨āĻžāĻĄāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ—āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāĨ¤'
179:17
What we do here is we start with the subject, ‘I’.
3362
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻāĻ–āĻžāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ¯āĻž āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋ āĻ¤āĻž āĻšāĻ˛ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻļā§āĻ°ā§ āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋ, 'āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ'āĨ¤
179:22
For ‘I’, ‘you’, ‘we’, and ‘they’, we follow with ‘have’.
3363
10762000
4080
'āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ', 'āĻ¤ā§āĻŽāĻŋ', 'āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž' āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ 'āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž'-āĻāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž 'have' āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻ¸āĻ°āĻŖ āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋāĨ¤
179:27
After that we use the past participle of the verb.
3364
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3279
āĻāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°ā§‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ° past participle āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋāĨ¤
179:31
In this case, the verb is ‘be’.
3365
10771040
2160
āĻāĻ‡ āĻ•ā§āĻˇā§‡āĻ¤ā§āĻ°ā§‡, āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻĒāĻĻ 'āĻšāĻŦā§‡'āĨ¤
179:33
And so the past participle is ‘been’.
3366
10773200
2399
āĻ†āĻ° āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻ…āĻ¤ā§€āĻ¤ āĻ•ā§ƒāĻˇā§āĻŸāĻŋ āĻšāĻ˛ 'āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ›ā§‡'āĨ¤
179:36
‘I have been to Canada.’
3367
10776399
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'āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ•āĻžāĻ¨āĻžāĻĄāĻž āĻ—āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāĨ¤'
179:39
The next sentence says, ‘My cousins have seen the movie.’
3368
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āĻĒāĻ°ā§‡āĻ° āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¯āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻ˛ā§‡, 'āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻžāĻœāĻŋāĻ¨āĻ°āĻž āĻ¸āĻŋāĻ¨ā§‡āĻŽāĻžāĻŸāĻŋ āĻĻā§‡āĻ–ā§‡āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤'
179:43
My cousins is a ‘they’.
3369
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻžāĻœāĻŋāĻ¨āĻ°āĻž āĻāĻ•āĻœāĻ¨ 'āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž'āĨ¤
179:46
And so again, we follow with ‘have’.
3370
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2560
āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻ†āĻŦāĻžāĻ°, āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž 'have' āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻ¸āĻ°āĻŖ āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋāĨ¤
179:49
And the past participle of see is ‘seen’.
3371
10789680
3521
āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻžāĻ° āĻ…āĻ¤ā§€āĻ¤ āĻ•āĻŖāĻž āĻšāĻ˛ 'āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻž'āĨ¤
179:54
‘They have seen the movie.’
3372
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'āĻ“āĻ°āĻž āĻ¸āĻŋāĻ¨ā§‡āĻŽāĻžāĻŸāĻž āĻĻā§‡āĻ–ā§‡āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤'
179:56
Or ‘My cousins have seen the movie.’
3373
10796000
2560
āĻ…āĻĨāĻŦāĻž 'āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻžāĻœāĻŋāĻ¨āĻ°āĻž āĻ¸āĻŋāĻ¨ā§‡āĻŽāĻžāĻŸāĻŋ āĻĻā§‡āĻ–ā§‡āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤'
179:59
The next example says, ‘Chad has gone home.’
3374
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2800
āĻĒāĻ°āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§€ āĻ‰āĻĻāĻžāĻšāĻ°āĻŖ āĻŦāĻ˛ā§‡, 'āĻšāĻžāĻĻ āĻŦāĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋ āĻšāĻ˛ā§‡ āĻ—ā§‡āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤'
180:03
Chad is a ‘he’.
3375
10803600
1440
āĻšāĻžāĻĻ āĻāĻ•āĻœāĻ¨ 'āĻ¸ā§‡'āĨ¤
180:05
For ‘he’, ‘she’, ‘it’, we follow with ‘has’.
3376
10805920
3920
'āĻ¸ā§‡', 'āĻ¸ā§‡', 'āĻāĻŸāĻŋ'-āĻāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž 'has' āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻ¸āĻ°āĻŖ āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋāĨ¤
180:11
Then, the past participle ‘gone’ is for the verb ‘go’.
3377
10811040
4239
āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻĒāĻ°, past participle 'gone' āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻĒāĻĻ 'go' āĻāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯āĨ¤
180:16
‘Chad has gone home.’
3378
10816160
1520
'āĻšāĻžāĻĻ āĻŦāĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋ āĻ—ā§‡āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤'
180:18
And finally, ‘My phone has been fixed.’
3379
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2880
āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ…āĻŦāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§‡, 'āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻĢā§‹āĻ¨ āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤'
180:22
My phone is an ‘it’.
3380
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻĢā§‹āĻ¨ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ 'āĻāĻŸāĻŋ'.
180:24
Therefore, I use ‘has’.
3381
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āĻ…āĻ¤āĻāĻŦ, āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ 'has' āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋāĨ¤
180:27
And then I need the past participle of ‘be’ – ‘been’.
3382
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āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻĒāĻ° āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ° 'be' - 'been'-āĻāĻ° āĻ…āĻ¤ā§€āĻ¤ āĻ•āĻŖāĻž āĻĻāĻ°āĻ•āĻžāĻ°āĨ¤
180:31
‘My phone has been fixed.’
3383
10831680
1760
'āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻĢā§‹āĻ¨ āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤'
180:34
Let's move on to the next usage.
3384
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1920
āĻāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§€ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ°ā§‡ āĻāĻ—āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•āĨ¤
180:36
The present perfect tense is also used to describe an action that started in the past
3385
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5920
āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ–ā§āĻāĻ¤ āĻ•āĻžāĻ˛ āĻāĻŽāĻ¨ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻŖāĻ¨āĻž āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡āĻ“ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšā§ƒāĻ¤ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ¯āĻž āĻ…āĻ¤ā§€āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻļā§āĻ°ā§ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛
180:42
and continues in the present.
3386
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āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ…āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻšāĻ¤ āĻ°āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤
180:45
‘for’ and since’ are common expressions used with the present perfect tense.
3387
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'for' āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ since' āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ–ā§āĻāĻ¤ āĻ•āĻžāĻ˛ā§‡āĻ° āĻ¸āĻžāĻĨā§‡ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšā§ƒāĻ¤ āĻ¸āĻžāĻ§āĻžāĻ°āĻŖ āĻ°āĻžāĻļāĻŋāĨ¤
180:50
Let's take a look at these examples.
3388
10850880
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āĻ†āĻ¸ā§āĻ¨ āĻāĻ‡ āĻ‰āĻĻāĻžāĻšāĻ°āĻŖāĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋ āĻ•āĻŸāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻĒāĻžāĻ¤ āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•.
180:53
‘I have worked there since 2002.’
3389
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'āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ 2002 āĻ¸āĻžāĻ˛ āĻĨā§‡āĻ•ā§‡ āĻ¸ā§‡āĻ–āĻžāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ•āĻžāĻœ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ›āĻŋāĨ¤'
180:57
You'll notice we start with the subject.
3390
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2641
āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ˛āĻ•ā§āĻˇā§āĻ¯ āĻ•āĻ°āĻŦā§‡āĻ¨ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻļā§āĻ°ā§ āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋāĨ¤
181:00
If it's ‘I’, ‘you’ or ‘we’, we have ‘have’.
3391
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āĻ¯āĻĻāĻŋ āĻāĻŸāĻŋ 'āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ', 'āĻ¤ā§āĻŽāĻŋ' āĻŦāĻž 'āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž' āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧ, āĻ¤āĻžāĻšāĻ˛ā§‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° ' āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡'āĨ¤
181:04
Then the past participle of the verb.
3392
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āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻĒāĻ° āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻŸāĻŋāĻ° past participle.
181:07
In this case - ‘worked’.
3393
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āĻāĻ‡ āĻ•ā§āĻˇā§‡āĻ¤ā§āĻ°ā§‡ - 'āĻ•āĻžāĻœ'āĨ¤
181:09
What you'll notice here is that we also have ‘since 2002’.
3394
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āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻāĻ–āĻžāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ¯āĻž āĻ˛āĻ•ā§āĻˇā§āĻ¯ āĻ•āĻ°āĻŦā§‡āĻ¨ āĻ¤āĻž āĻšāĻ˛ āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻ•āĻžāĻ›ā§‡ '2002 āĻ¸āĻžāĻ˛ āĻĨā§‡āĻ•ā§‡' āĻ°āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤
181:14
This shows when the action started, so with the expression ‘since’, you need to use
3395
10874800
5920
āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ•āĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻļā§āĻ°ā§ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ›ā§‡, āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ 'āĻ¯āĻ–āĻ¨ āĻĨā§‡āĻ•ā§‡' āĻ…āĻ­āĻŋāĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻ•ā§āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ° āĻ¸āĻžāĻĨā§‡, āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ•ā§‡
181:20
a specific point in time.
3396
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āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻŸ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻŸ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻĻā§ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻŦā§‡āĨ¤
181:23
The next example does the same thing.
3397
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āĻĒāĻ°āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§€ āĻ‰āĻĻāĻžāĻšāĻ°āĻŖ āĻāĻ•āĻ‡ āĻœāĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¸ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĨ¤
181:26
‘You have had a car since last year.’
3398
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'āĻ—āĻ¤ āĻŦāĻ›āĻ° āĻĨā§‡āĻ•ā§‡ āĻ¤ā§‹āĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻž āĻ—āĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋ āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤'
181:29
Again, we use ‘since’, so we have a specific point in time - ‘last year’.
3399
10889760
6240
āĻ†āĻŦāĻžāĻ°, āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž 'sence' āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋ, āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻŸ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡ - 'āĻ—āĻ¤ āĻŦāĻ›āĻ°'āĨ¤
181:36
Take a look at the next example.
3400
10896800
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āĻĒāĻ°āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§€ āĻ‰āĻĻāĻžāĻšāĻ°āĻŖā§‡ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ•āĻžāĻ¨āĨ¤
181:39
‘Anna has liked him for weeks.’
3401
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'āĻ†āĻ¨āĻž āĻ•āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ• āĻ¸āĻĒā§āĻ¤āĻžāĻš āĻ§āĻ°ā§‡ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ•ā§‡ āĻĒāĻ›āĻ¨ā§āĻĻ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤'
181:42
In this case the subject is ‘Anna’.
3402
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āĻāĻ•ā§āĻˇā§‡āĻ¤ā§āĻ°ā§‡ āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇāĻ¯āĻŧ 'āĻ†āĻ¨ā§āĻ¨āĻž'āĨ¤
181:44
Which is a ‘she’, and so we use ‘has’.
3403
10904479
3601
āĻ¯āĻž āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ 'āĻ¸ā§‡', āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž 'has' āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋāĨ¤
181:48
Then the past participle ‘liked’.
3404
10908080
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āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻĒāĻ° āĻ…āĻ¤ā§€āĻ¤ āĻ•āĻŖāĻž 'āĻ˛āĻžāĻ‡āĻ•'āĨ¤
181:51
However, at the end of the sentence, we see ‘for weeks’.
3405
10911359
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āĻ¯āĻžāĻ‡āĻšā§‹āĻ•, āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¯ā§‡āĻ° āĻļā§‡āĻˇā§‡, āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž 'āĻ¸āĻĒā§āĻ¤āĻžāĻšā§‡āĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯' āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ‡āĨ¤
181:56
Not ‘since weeks’.
3406
10916160
1439
'āĻ¸āĻĒā§āĻ¤āĻžāĻš āĻĨā§‡āĻ•ā§‡' āĻ¨āĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤
181:58
When we use ‘for’, we talk about the duration.
3407
10918240
3600
āĻ¯āĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž 'for' āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋ, āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¯āĻŧāĻ•āĻžāĻ˛ āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ•ā§‡ āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āĻŦāĻ˛āĻŋāĨ¤
182:01
We explain how long this action has been true.
3408
10921840
3360
āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ–ā§āĻ¯āĻž āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋ āĻ•āĻ¤āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¨ āĻ§āĻ°ā§‡ āĻāĻ‡ āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¸āĻ¤ā§āĻ¯ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤
182:06
And finally, ‘We have eaten lunch here for 3 months.’
3409
10926080
4160
āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ…āĻŦāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§‡, 'āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻāĻ–āĻžāĻ¨ā§‡ 3 āĻŽāĻžāĻ¸ āĻ§āĻ°ā§‡ āĻĻā§āĻĒā§āĻ°ā§‡āĻ° āĻ–āĻžāĻŦāĻžāĻ° āĻ–ā§‡āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāĨ¤'
182:11
Again, the sentence ends with ‘for 3 months’.
3410
10931120
3760
āĻ†āĻŦāĻžāĻ°, '3 āĻŽāĻžāĻ¸ā§‡āĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯' āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻ¸āĻžāĻœāĻž āĻļā§‡āĻˇ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤
182:14
So we show the duration.
3411
10934880
1840
āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¯āĻŧāĻ•āĻžāĻ˛ āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻžāĻ¨.
182:17
Let's move on to the next usage.
3412
10937600
1840
āĻāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§€ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ°ā§‡ āĻāĻ—āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•āĨ¤
182:20
In addition, the present perfect tense can be used to describe an action that recently
3413
10940720
5920
āĻ‰āĻĒāĻ°āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§, āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ–ā§āĻāĻ¤ āĻ•āĻžāĻ˛ āĻāĻŽāĻ¨ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻŖāĻ¨āĻž āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻ¯ā§‡āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡ āĻ¯āĻž āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¤āĻŋ
182:26
stopped.
3414
10946640
480
āĻŦāĻ¨ā§āĻ§ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻ—ā§‡āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤
182:27
Let’s take a look at some examples.
3415
10947680
2160
āĻ†āĻ¸ā§āĻ¨ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ›ā§ āĻ‰āĻĻāĻžāĻšāĻ°āĻŖ āĻĻā§‡āĻ–ā§‡ āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•āĨ¤
182:30
‘I have just been to the doctor,’
3416
10950560
2480
'āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ¸āĻŦā§‡āĻŽāĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻ° āĻĄāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°ā§‡āĻ° āĻ•āĻžāĻ›ā§‡ āĻ—āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ›āĻŋ,'
182:33
So just like for all the other usages, we start with the subject,
3417
10953600
4080
āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¸ā§āĻ¤ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ°ā§‡āĻ° āĻŽāĻ¤ā§‹āĻ‡, āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻļā§āĻ°ā§ āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋ,
182:37
‘have’ or ‘has’, and the past participle.
3418
10957680
3680
'have' āĻŦāĻž 'has', āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ past participle.
182:41
But you'll notice here, I used the word ‘just’ between ‘have’ and the verb.
3419
10961359
6000
But you'll notice here, I used the word 'just' between 'have' and the verb.
182:47
‘I have just been to the doctor.’
3420
10967359
2320
'I have just been to the doctor.'
182:50
This shows that it happened very recently.
3421
10970319
2960
This shows that it happened very recently.
182:54
The next example says, ‘James has just seen his new baby.’
3422
10974160
4800
The next example says, 'James has just seen his new baby.'
182:59
Again, just goes in between ‘have’ or ‘has’ and the verb.
3423
10979680
4880
Again, just goes in between 'have' or 'has' and the verb.
183:05
Take a look at the next example.
3424
10985680
2240
āĻĒāĻ°āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§€ āĻ‰āĻĻāĻžāĻšāĻ°āĻŖā§‡ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ•āĻžāĻ¨āĨ¤
183:07
It says, ‘She has already been to China.’
3425
10987920
4000
It says, 'She has already been to China.'
183:11
‘already’ is another word you can use to show that this action recently happened.
3426
10991920
5520
'already' is another word you can use to show that this action recently happened.
183:18
However, ‘already’ can also be moved to the end of the sentence.
3427
10998160
5279
However, 'already' can also be moved to the end of the sentence.
183:23
So it's perfectly fine to say, ‘She has been to China already.’
3428
11003439
4960
So it's perfectly fine to say, 'She has been to China already.'
183:29
And in the last example, ‘We have recently visited Tom.’
3429
11009359
4400
And in the last example, 'We have recently visited Tom.'
183:34
Again, you can put this word between ‘have’ or ‘has’ and the verb.
3430
11014479
5040
Again, you can put this word between 'have' or 'has' and the verb.
183:39
Or you can also put it at the end of the sentence.
3431
11019520
3681
Or you can also put it at the end of the sentence.
183:43
‘We have visited Tom recently.’
3432
11023200
2319
'We have visited Tom recently.'
183:46
Let's move on.
3433
11026319
1280
āĻšāĻ˛ āĻāĻ—ā§‹āĻ‡.
183:47
Let's take a look at the negative form of the present perfect tense.
3434
11027600
4400
Let's take a look at the negative form of the present perfect tense.
183:52
Here are some examples.
3435
11032000
2080
Here are some examples.
183:54
The first one says, ‘I have not been to Europe.’
3436
11034080
3199
The first one says, 'I have not been to Europe.'
183:58
What you'll notice in the first sentence is that we simply put a 'not' between ‘have’
3437
11038000
5760
What you'll notice in the first sentence is that we simply put a 'not' between 'have'
184:03
and ‘been’.
3438
11043760
960
and 'been'.
184:05
‘I have not been to Europe.’
3439
11045279
2561
'I have not been to Europe.'
184:08
You can also use a contraction and say ‘I haven't been to Europe.’
3440
11048640
4960
You can also use a contraction and say 'I haven't been to Europe.'
184:14
The next sentence says, ‘It has not rained for 3 months.’
3441
11054479
4561
The next sentence says, 'It has not rained for 3 months.'
184:19
Again, we put the ‘not’ between the ‘has’ and the verb.
3442
11059840
4320
Again, we put the 'not' between the 'has' and the verb.
184:24
‘It has not rained for 3 months.’
3443
11064880
2880
'It has not rained for 3 months.'
184:28
Here we have a time expression to show the duration.
3444
11068399
4000
Here we have a time expression to show the duration.
184:33
The next example says, ‘Teddy hasn't driven for 2 years.’
3445
11073520
4721
The next example says, 'Teddy hasn't driven for 2 years.'
184:38
We used the contraction here for ‘has’ and ‘not’ – ‘hasn't’.
3446
11078880
4160
We used the contraction here for 'has' and 'not' – 'hasn't'.
184:43
And then we use the time expression ‘for 2 years’ at the end of the sentence.
3447
11083680
6160
And then we use the time expression 'for 2 years' at the end of the sentence.
184:50
And finally, the last sentence says, ‘My sons haven't played soccer since 2010.’
3448
11090399
6721
And finally, the last sentence says, 'My sons haven't played soccer since 2010.'
184:57
We see another contraction here for ‘have not’ – ‘haven't’.
3449
11097760
4880
We see another contraction here for 'have not' – 'haven't'.
185:03
‘My sons haven't played soccer since 2010.’
3450
11103200
3760
'My sons haven't played soccer since 2010.'
185:07
This time expression uses ‘since’.
3451
11107760
2720
This time expression uses 'since'.
185:10
And so we mention a specific point and time.
3452
11110479
3120
And so we mention a specific point and time.
185:14
Let's move on.
3453
11114479
800
āĻšāĻ˛ āĻāĻ—ā§‹āĻ‡.
185:15
Now let's take a look at the ‘have’ or ‘has’ question form of the present perfect
3454
11115840
5439
Now let's take a look at the 'have' or 'has' question form of the present perfect
185:21
tense.
3455
11121279
400
tense.
185:22
Take a look at the board.
3456
11122240
1279
Take a look at the board.
185:24
The first sentence says, ‘Mike has eaten lunch.’
3457
11124319
3360
The first sentence says, 'Mike has eaten lunch.'
185:28
That is a statement.
3458
11128240
1359
That is a statement.
185:30
Now to turn it into a question, it's quite easy.
3459
11130160
2880
Now to turn it into a question, it's quite easy.
185:33
All you have to do is put ‘has’ at the beginning.
3460
11133760
2880
All you have to do is put 'has' at the beginning.
185:37
Then you follow with the subject and then the past participle.
3461
11137439
4880
Then you follow with the subject and then the past participle.
185:42
You'll notice that the placement of the past participle doesn't change.
3462
11142319
5040
You'll notice that the placement of the past participle doesn't change.
185:47
We've simply changed the order of the first 2 words.
3463
11147359
3440
We've simply changed the order of the first 2 words.
185:51
‘Has Mike eaten lunch?’
3464
11151359
1681
'Has Mike eaten lunch?'
185:54
‘Has Mike eaten lunch?’
3465
11154000
1600
'Has Mike eaten lunch?'
185:56
And you can answer by saying ‘Yes, he has.’ or ‘No, he hasn't.’
3466
11156240
5199
And you can answer by saying 'Yes, he has.' or 'No, he hasn't.'
186:02
The next sentence says, ‘They have watched the video.’
3467
11162479
3440
The next sentence says, 'They have watched the video.'
186:06
This is a statement.
3468
11166800
1840
This is a statement.
186:08
If we want to turn it into a question, again, we change the order of the first two words.
3469
11168640
5920
If we want to turn it into a question, again, we change the order of the first two words.
186:15
‘Have theyâ€Ļ?’
3470
11175279
641
'Have theyâ€Ļ?'
186:16
And the past participle verb stays in the same place.
3471
11176640
3760
And the past participle verb stays in the same place.
186:21
‘Have they watched the video?’
3472
11181200
4560
'Have they watched the video?'
186:25
‘Have they watched the video?’
3473
11185760
800
'Have they watched the video?'
186:26
You can answer this question by saying, ‘Yes, they have.’
3474
11186560
3840
You can answer this question by saying, 'Yes, they have.'
186:30
or ‘No, they haven't.’
3475
11190399
1761
or 'No, they haven't.'
186:32
Good job, guys.
3476
11192880
1200
āĻ­āĻžāĻ˛ā§‹ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĻ›ā§‹ āĻŦāĻ¨ā§āĻ§ā§āĻ°āĻž.
186:34
Let's move on.
3477
11194080
1120
āĻšāĻ˛ āĻāĻ—ā§‹āĻ‡.
186:35
Now, I'll briefly introduce how to ask WH questions in the present perfect tense.
3478
11195200
5600
Now, I'll briefly introduce how to ask WH questions in the present perfect tense.
186:41
Take a look at the board.
3479
11201439
1280
Take a look at the board.
186:43
I have ‘where’, ‘what’, ‘who’, and ‘how’.
3480
11203279
3601
I have 'where', 'what', 'who', and 'how'.
186:47
These go at the beginning of the question.
3481
11207439
2480
These go at the beginning of the question.
186:50
Let's take a look at the first example.
3482
11210720
2000
Let's take a look at the first example.
186:53
‘Where has Tim been?’
3483
11213439
1360
'Where has Tim been?'
186:55
You'll notice we followed the WH word with ‘has’ or ‘have’.
3484
11215520
4960
You'll notice we followed the WH word with 'has' or 'have'.
187:01
In this case, I used ‘has’ because the subject is ‘Tim’, and Tim is a ‘he’.
3485
11221120
5600
In this case, I used 'has' because the subject is 'Tim', and Tim is a 'he'.
187:07
And then we followed that with the past participle of the verb.
3486
11227359
4160
And then we followed that with the past participle of the verb.
187:12
‘Where has Tim been?’
3487
11232160
1840
'Where has Tim been?'
187:14
And I can answer by saying, ‘Tim has been home.’
3488
11234000
3680
And I can answer by saying, 'Tim has been home.'
187:17
or ‘Tim has been on vacation.’
3489
11237680
2800
or 'Tim has been on vacation.'
187:20
Something like that.
3490
11240479
880
Something like that.
187:22
The next question says, what countries have you visited?
3491
11242000
3760
The next question says, what countries have you visited?
187:26
I can answer by saying, ‘I have visited China.’
3492
11246560
3760
I can answer by saying, 'I have visited China.'
187:30
or ‘I have visited Mexico.’
3493
11250319
1921
or 'I have visited Mexico.'
187:32
You can also use the contraction ‘I’ve’.
3494
11252800
2800
You can also use the contraction 'I've'.
187:35
‘I've visited China.’
3495
11255600
2400
'I've visited China.'
187:38
The next question says, ‘Who has she talked to?’
3496
11258000
3040
The next question says, 'Who has she talked to?'
187:41
You can answer by saying, ‘She has talked to her mom.’ or ‘She has talked to her
3497
11261840
5920
You can answer by saying, 'She has talked to her mom.' or 'She has talked to her
187:47
teacher.’
3498
11267760
400
teacher.'
187:49
The next question says, ‘How long have you been married?’
3499
11269279
3681
The next question says, 'How long have you been married?'
187:53
‘I've been married for 3 years.’
3500
11273920
2000
'I've been married for 3 years.'
187:56
That's one answer that you can give.
3501
11276479
1840
That's one answer that you can give.
187:59
Great job, everybody.
3502
11279040
1359
Great job, everybody.
188:00
Let's move on.
3503
11280399
801
āĻšāĻ˛ āĻāĻ—ā§‹āĻ‡.
188:02
For this checkup, we'll take a look at the present perfect tense.
3504
11282000
3840
For this checkup, we'll take a look at the present perfect tense.
188:05
Which describes an action that happened at
3505
11285840
2720
Which describes an action that happened at
188:08
an unknown or indefinite time in the past.
3506
11288560
3521
an unknown or indefinite time in the past.
188:12
Let's look at the first sentence.
3507
11292080
1600
Let's look at the first sentence.
188:14
‘She _blank_ read that book.’
3508
11294319
2641
'She _blank_ read that book.'
188:17
The subject in this sentence is ‘she’.
3509
11297600
2561
The subject in this sentence is 'she'.
188:20
For he/she/it, in this tense we say, ‘has’.
3510
11300800
4479
For he/she/it, in this tense we say, 'has'.
188:26
‘She has’.
3511
11306640
880
'She has'.
188:28
Now, take a look at the verb.
3512
11308240
1840
Now, take a look at the verb.
188:30
It looks like ‘read’.
3513
11310640
1680
It looks like 'read'.
188:32
But remember we need to use the past participle of the verb.
3514
11312319
4400
But remember we need to use the past participle of the verb.
188:36
So It's actually ‘read’.
3515
11316720
1521
So It's actually 'read'.
188:38
‘read’ and ‘read’ are spelled the same.
3516
11318960
2080
'read' and 'read' are spelled the same.
188:41
‘She has read that book.’
3517
11321760
2000
'She has read that book.'
188:45
The second sentence says, ‘They _blank_ visit China.’
3518
11325120
3680
The second sentence says, 'They _blank_ visit China.'
188:49
‘visit’ is the verb that you want to use here.
3519
11329439
2641
'visit' is the verb that you want to use here.
188:52
For ‘I’, ‘you’, ‘we’ and ‘they’, we use ‘have’.
3520
11332800
4240
For 'I', 'you', 'we' and 'they', we use 'have'.
188:57
Not ‘has’.
3521
11337600
1120
Not 'has'.
188:59
‘They have’
3522
11339760
800
'They have'
189:01
Now, what's the past participle of visit?
3523
11341120
2880
Now, what's the past participle of visit?
189:04
The answer is ‘visited’.
3524
11344560
2000
The answer is 'visited'.
189:07
‘They have visited China.’
3525
11347200
3119
'They have visited China.'
189:11
Next, ‘We _blank_ see that concert.’
3526
11351600
4480
Next, 'We _blank_ see that concert.'
189:16
Again, for ‘I’, ‘you’, we’ and ‘they’ – we use ‘have’.
3527
11356080
4479
Again, for 'I', 'you', we' and 'they' – we use 'have'.
189:21
‘We have’.
3528
11361520
800
'We have'.
189:22
Now, the past participle of ‘see’ is 'seen'.
3529
11362960
4000
Now, the past participle of 'see' is 'seen'.
189:27
‘We have seen that concert.’
3530
11367760
2800
'We have seen that concert.'
189:31
Now, let's look for the mistake in the next sentence.
3531
11371680
3280
Now, let's look for the mistake in the next sentence.
189:35
‘Rick have been to Cuba.’
3532
11375760
2240
'Rick have been to Cuba.'
189:38
Take a look at the subject, ‘Rick’.
3533
11378640
2320
Take a look at the subject, 'Rick'.
189:41
Rick is a ‘he’.
3534
11381680
1440
Rick is a 'he'.
189:43
So instead of ‘have’, we need to change this to ‘has’.
3535
11383680
5120
So instead of 'have', we need to change this to 'has'.
189:49
‘Rick has been to Cuba.’
3536
11389359
2240
'Rick has been to Cuba.'
189:53
‘Sally and I hasn't finished work.’
3537
11393439
2960
'Sally and I hasn't finished work.'
189:57
The subject in this sentence is ‘Sally’ and ‘I’.
3538
11397520
3280
The subject in this sentence is 'Sally' and 'I'.
190:01
The pronoun for that is ‘we’.
3539
11401760
2160
The pronoun for that is 'we'.
190:05
‘We hasn't finished work.’
3540
11405279
1921
'We hasn't finished work.'
190:07
That still sounds weird, right?
3541
11407840
1840
That still sounds weird, right?
190:10
We have to change this to ‘have not’ or the contraction ‘haven't’.
3542
11410319
6881
We have to change this to 'have not' or the contraction 'haven't'.
190:18
And finally, ‘I did go to the doctor.’
3543
11418000
3439
And finally, 'I did go to the doctor.'
190:22
Now this sentence makes sense, but it's not the present perfect tense.
3544
11422160
4239
Now this sentence makes sense, but it's not the present perfect tense.
190:26
We have to change it.
3545
11426960
1760
We have to change it.
190:28
Remember, we use ‘have’ for the subject, ‘I’.
3546
11428720
4880
Remember, we use 'have' for the subject, 'I'.
190:34
But we're not done.
3547
11434160
1199
But we're not done.
190:35
What is the past participle of ‘go’?
3548
11435920
4560
What is the past participle of 'go'?
190:42
It is ‘gone’.
3549
11442000
1359
It is 'gone'.
190:43
‘I have gone to the doctor.’
3550
11443920
2160
'I have gone to the doctor.'
190:46
Great job.
3551
11446880
880
āĻĻāĻžāĻ°ā§‚āĻ¨ āĻ•āĻžāĻœ.
190:47
Let's move on to the next checkup.
3552
11447760
1760
āĻāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§€ āĻšā§‡āĻ•āĻ†āĻĒā§‡ āĻāĻ—āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•āĨ¤
190:50
In this checkup, we'll talk about the present perfect tense
3553
11450160
3680
In this checkup, we'll talk about the present perfect tense
190:53
and how it can be used to describe an action that started in the past and is still true
3554
11453840
5760
and how it can be used to describe an action that started in the past and is still true
190:59
today.
3555
11459600
480
today.
191:01
The first sentence says, ‘I _blank_ known Carly since 1994.’
3556
11461120
5279
The first sentence says, 'I _blank_ known Carly since 1994.'
191:06
The subject is ‘I’.
3557
11466960
1439
The subject is 'I'.
191:08
And we already have the past participle of the verb, ‘know’.
3558
11468960
4319
And we already have the past participle of the verb, 'know'.
191:13
Which is ‘known’.
3559
11473279
1280
Which is 'known'.
191:15
What are we missing?
3560
11475200
880
What are we missing?
191:16
The correct answer is ‘have’.
3561
11476720
2080
The correct answer is 'have'.
191:19
For ‘I’, ‘you’, ‘we’ and ‘they’, we use ‘have’ after the subject.
3562
11479359
5681
For 'I', 'you', 'we' and 'they', we use 'have' after the subject.
191:25
The next sentence says,
3563
11485920
1680
The next sentence says,
191:27
‘He has been here _blank_ 2 p.m.’
3564
11487600
3120
'He has been here _blank_ 2 pm'
191:31
Now the first part is all there.
3565
11491680
2800
Now the first part is all there.
191:34
‘He has been’.
3566
11494479
1360
'He has been'.
191:36
However, remember that for the present perfect tense,
3567
11496560
3440
However, remember that for the present perfect tense,
191:40
we use ‘for’ or ‘since’ to talk about how long that action has been true.
3568
11500000
5279
we use 'for' or 'since' to talk about how long that action has been true.
191:45
In this case, we use ‘since’.
3569
11505920
2319
In this case, we use 'since'.
191:48
Because 2 p.m. is a specific period in time.
3570
11508800
4320
Because 2 pm is a specific period in time.
191:54
Next it says, ‘She _blank_ liked Tom since June.’
3571
11514319
4480
Next it says, 'She _blank_ liked Tom since June.'
191:59
The subject is ‘she’.
3572
11519439
2160
The subject is 'she'.
192:01
And we have the past participle of the verb ‘like’, which is 'liked'.
3573
11521600
5040
And we have the past participle of the verb 'like', which is 'liked'.
192:07
What are we missing?
3574
11527279
960
What are we missing?
192:08
Again, we need ‘have’ or ‘has’.
3575
11528880
2640
Again, we need 'have' or 'has'.
192:12
Because the subject is ‘she’...
3576
11532239
2080
Because the subject is 'she'...
192:14
Can you figure out which one you need?
3577
11534960
2960
Can you figure out which one you need?
192:17
The correct answer is ‘has’.
3578
11537920
2000
The correct answer is 'has'.
192:20
‘She has liked Tom since June.’
3579
11540560
3280
'She has liked Tom since June.'
192:24
Now, I want you to find a mistake in the next sentence.
3580
11544800
3760
Now, I want you to find a mistake in the next sentence.
192:29
‘I have worked here six months ago.’
3581
11549279
3280
'I have worked here six months ago.'
192:33
Can you find a mistake here?
3582
11553359
1440
Can you find a mistake here?
192:35
‘I have worked’ - that's correct.
3583
11555680
2640
'I have worked' - that's correct.
192:38
However, in the present perfect tense, we don't use ‘ago’.
3584
11558960
4479
However, in the present perfect tense, we don't use 'ago'.
192:44
This is talking about more the past.
3585
11564479
3120
This is talking about more the past.
192:47
We want to talk about ‘since’ or ‘for’ instead.
3586
11567600
3680
We want to talk about 'since' or 'for' instead.
192:52
Now ‘six months’ is not a specific time.
3587
11572000
3600
Now 'six months' is not a specific time.
192:55
So we don't use ‘since’.
3588
11575600
1760
So we don't use 'since'.
192:58
Instead, we talk about the duration.
3589
11578319
2881
Instead, we talk about the duration.
193:01
So we need ‘for’.
3590
11581200
1439
So we need 'for'.
193:03
We'll say, ‘I have worked here for six months.’
3591
11583680
4080
We'll say, 'I have worked here for six months.'
193:08
Let's take a look at the next sentence.
3592
11588720
1920
Let's take a look at the next sentence.
193:11
‘Jen have a cold for two weeks.’
3593
11591439
2880
'Jen have a cold for two weeks.'
193:15
At first glance, this doesn't seem that wrong.
3594
11595600
3120
At first glance, this doesn't seem that wrong.
193:18
But remember, Jen is a ‘she’.
3595
11598720
3280
But remember, Jen is a 'she'.
193:22
So we need ‘has’.
3596
11602560
1200
So we need 'has'.
193:25
‘Jen has’.
3597
11605040
1040
'Jen has'.
193:26
But wait a minute, ‘Jen has have a cold’?
3598
11606880
2880
But wait a minute, 'Jen has have a cold'?
193:30
That's not right either.
3599
11610319
1761
That's not right either.
193:32
We need the past participle of ‘have’.
3600
11612080
2560
We need the past participle of 'have'.
193:35
What is the past participle?
3601
11615359
1761
What is the past participle?
193:37
The correct answer is ‘had’.
3602
11617760
2080
The correct answer is 'had'.
193:40
‘Jen has had a cold for two weeks.’
3603
11620720
4160
'Jen has had a cold for two weeks.'
193:45
And finally, ‘We haven't went home since Friday.’
3604
11625600
4480
And finally, 'We haven't went home since Friday.'
193:50
This one is a little tricky.
3605
11630800
2080
This one is a little tricky.
193:52
The subject is ‘we’.
3606
11632880
1359
The subject is 'we'.
193:55
‘We have... have not’.
3607
11635040
1600
'We have... have not'.
193:56
That's correct.
3608
11636640
1200
āĻāĻŸāĻžāĻ‡ āĻ¸āĻ āĻŋāĻ•.
193:57
The contraction is ‘haven't’.
3609
11637840
1920
The contraction is 'haven't'.
193:59
‘We haven't’.
3610
11639760
800
'We haven't'.
194:01
Now the problem is, we have this verb ‘went’.
3611
11641200
3439
Now the problem is, we have this verb 'went'.
194:05
That's in the past simple tense.
3612
11645200
2399
That's in the past simple tense.
194:08
We need the past participle of ‘go’.
3613
11648319
2721
We need the past participle of 'go'.
194:12
The correct answer is ‘gone’.
3614
11652479
2240
The correct answer is 'gone'.
194:16
‘We haven't gone home since Friday.’
3615
11656560
3200
'We haven't gone home since Friday.'
194:20
Good job, guys.
3616
11660640
1120
āĻ­āĻžāĻ˛ā§‹ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĻ›ā§‹ āĻŦāĻ¨ā§āĻ§ā§āĻ°āĻž.
194:21
Let's move on to the next checkup.
3617
11661760
2160
āĻāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§€ āĻšā§‡āĻ•āĻ†āĻĒā§‡ āĻāĻ—āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•āĨ¤
194:23
In this checkup, we'll take a look at the present perfect tense.
3618
11663920
3920
In this checkup, we'll take a look at the present perfect tense.
194:27
And how it is used to describe an action that finished recently.
3619
11667840
4000
And how it is used to describe an action that finished recently.
194:32
We'll be focusing on the words, ‘just’, ‘already’ and ‘recently’ to show this.
3620
11672479
5440
We'll be focusing on the words, 'just', 'already' and 'recently' to show this.
194:37
Let's take a look at the first sentence.
3621
11677920
2000
āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¯āĻŸāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŦāĻžāĻ° āĻĻā§‡āĻ–ā§‡ āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•āĨ¤
194:40
‘She has just _blank_ that book.’
3622
11680560
2960
'She has just _blank_ that book.'
194:43
And we're using the verb, ‘read’.
3623
11683520
1840
And we're using the verb, 'read'.
194:46
Remember, we take the subject, ‘she’.
3624
11686160
2479
Remember, we take the subject, 'she'.
194:49
And for ‘he’, ‘she’ and ‘it’, we say ‘has’.
3625
11689279
3921
And for 'he', 'she' and 'it', we say 'has'.
194:53
So that's correct.
3626
11693200
1520
So that's correct.
194:54
Now we need the past participle of ‘read’.
3627
11694720
3120
Now we need the past participle of 'read'.
194:58
And that is ‘read’.
3628
11698399
1280
And that is 'read'.
195:02
‘She has just read that book.’
3629
11702720
2240
'She has just read that book.'
195:05
You'll notice I use the word, ‘just’ right before the past participle.
3630
11705520
4720
You'll notice I use the word, 'just' right before the past participle.
195:11
Next it says, ‘They have already’ and the verb is ‘wake up’.
3631
11711359
4960
Next it says, 'They have already' and the verb is 'wake up'.
195:17
If the subject is ‘he’, ‘she’, or ‘it’, we use ‘has’.
3632
11717680
4240
If the subject is 'he', 'she', or 'it', we use 'has'.
195:22
But if the subject is ‘I’, ‘you’, ‘we’ or ‘they’, we use ‘have’.
3633
11722560
5601
But if the subject is 'I', 'you', 'we' or 'they', we use 'have'.
195:28
So that's correct.
3634
11728160
1279
So that's correct.
195:29
‘They have’.
3635
11729439
721
'They have'.
195:30
Also we have the word ‘already’ here to show that it happened recently
3636
11730880
5200
Also we have the word 'already' here to show that it happened recently
195:36
or that it finished recently.
3637
11736080
1840
or that it finished recently.
195:38
Now the verb is ‘wake up’.
3638
11738479
1920
Now the verb is 'wake up'.
195:40
We need the past participle of ‘wake up’,
3639
11740960
3439
We need the past participle of 'wake up',
195:44
and that is ‘woken up’.
3640
11744399
3440
and that is 'woken up'.
195:49
So the answer is,
3641
11749840
2080
So the answer is,
195:51
‘They have already woken up.’
3642
11751920
2399
'They have already woken up.'
195:55
The next sentence says,
3643
11755279
1601
The next sentence says,
195:56
‘We have recently _blank_ work.’
3644
11756880
2720
'We have recently _blank_ work.'
196:00
And the verb is ‘finish’.
3645
11760160
1840
And the verb is 'finish'.
196:02
‘We have’, that's correct.
3646
11762960
2160
'We have', that's correct.
196:05
And we have the word 'recently' to show when the action finished.
3647
11765120
3920
And we have the word 'recently' to show when the action finished.
196:09
And now we need to find the past participle of the verb ‘finish’.
3648
11769040
4239
And now we need to find the past participle of the verb 'finish'.
196:13
The correct answer is.
3649
11773920
1760
The correct answer is.
196:15
‘We have recently finished, -ed, work.’
3650
11775680
5920
'We have recently finished, -ed, work.'
196:22
Now try to find the mistake in the next sentence.
3651
11782560
3840
Now try to find the mistake in the next sentence.
196:27
‘Morty has eaten just.’
3652
11787439
2400
'Morty has eaten just.'
196:30
This sounds a little strange, right?
3653
11790560
2000
This sounds a little strange, right?
196:33
That's because ‘just’ needs to come before the verb.
3654
11793279
4240
That's because 'just' needs to come before the verb.
196:38
Therefore, the answer is ‘Morty has just eaten.’
3655
11798800
3760
Therefore, the answer is 'Morty has just eaten.'
196:43
The next sentence says, ‘Karen has recently be sick.’
3656
11803760
4720
The next sentence says, 'Karen has recently be sick.'
196:49
Karen is a ‘she’.
3657
11809760
1280
Karen is a 'she'.
196:51
So ‘has’ is correct.
3658
11811760
1920
So 'has' is correct.
196:54
And there we have ‘recently’.
3659
11814239
2000
And there we have 'recently'.
196:56
Now we need the past participle of the verb.
3660
11816960
3279
Now we need the past participle of the verb.
197:01
‘be’ is our verb and the past participle of ‘be’ is ‘been’.
3661
11821520
4561
'be' is our verb and the past participle of 'be' is 'been'.
197:07
‘Karen has recently been sick.’
3662
11827200
2560
'Karen has recently been sick.'
197:10
And finally, ‘I have gone already to the dentist.’
3663
11830720
4240
And finally, 'I have gone already to the dentist.'
197:15
This is similar to another question we looked at just before.
3664
11835600
3521
This is similar to another question we looked at just before.
197:20
‘I have gone already to the dentist.’
3665
11840000
2880
'I have gone already to the dentist.'
197:23
The placement of ‘already’ is a little awkward.
3666
11843520
4480
The placement of 'already' is a little awkward.
197:28
So we can say, ‘I have already gone.’
3667
11848560
4320
So we can say, 'I have already gone.'
197:32
So we can put ‘already’ before the verb,
3668
11852880
3040
So we can put 'already' before the verb,
197:35
‘I have already gone to the dentist’
3669
11855920
2800
'I have already gone to the dentist'
197:38
Or we can put this at the end,
3670
11858720
2560
Or we can put this at the end,
197:42
‘I have gone to the dentist already.’
3671
11862160
2720
'I have gone to the dentist already.'
197:45
Both of those are correct.
3672
11865520
1601
Both of those are correct.
197:48
Now, good job.
3673
11868000
1200
Now, good job.
197:49
That is the end of the checkup.
3674
11869200
1760
That is the end of the checkup.
197:50
Let's move on.
3675
11870960
800
āĻšāĻ˛ āĻāĻ—ā§‹āĻ‡.
197:52
Excellent job, everyone.
3676
11872720
1520
Excellent job, everyone.
197:54
You just learned about the present perfect tense.
3677
11874239
3120
You just learned about the present perfect tense.
197:57
There was a lot to learn, but you did a wonderful job.
3678
11877359
2880
There was a lot to learn, but you did a wonderful job.
198:00
Keep studying English.
3679
11880800
1360
Keep studying English.
198:02
I know that It's hard, but you will get better with time, effort and practice.
3680
11882160
5040
I know that It's hard, but you will get better with time, effort and practice.
198:07
I'll see you in the next video.
3681
11887200
1439
āĻĒāĻ°ā§‡āĻ° āĻ­āĻŋāĻĄāĻŋāĻ“āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻž āĻšāĻŦā§‡āĨ¤
198:17
Hi, everyone.
3682
11897200
960
āĻ¸āĻŦāĻžāĻ‡ āĻ•ā§‡āĻŽāĻ¨ āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡āĻ¨.
198:18
Welcome to the video.
3683
11898160
1199
Welcome to the video.
198:19
In this video, I’ll introduce the Present Perfect Continuous English Tense.
3684
11899920
4720
In this video, I'll introduce the Present Perfect Continuous English Tense.
198:25
This tense can be used to talk about an action
3685
11905359
3040
This tense can be used to talk about an action
198:28
that started in the past and continues in the present.
3686
11908399
3360
that started in the past and continues in the present.
198:32
It can also be used to talk about an action that hasn't happened recently.
3687
11912319
4960
It can also be used to talk about an action that hasn't happened recently.
198:38
And finally, it can also be used to talk about an action that recently stopped.
3688
11918000
4960
And finally, it can also be used to talk about an action that recently stopped.
198:43
There's a lot to learn, so keep watching.
3689
11923520
2240
There's a lot to learn, so keep watching.
198:49
You can use the present perfect continuous tense
3690
11929040
3600
You can use the present perfect continuous tense
198:52
to talk about an action that started in the past and continues in the present.
3691
11932640
5040
to talk about an action that started in the past and continues in the present.
198:58
We want to emphasize duration
3692
11938319
2320
We want to emphasize duration
199:00
and you can do that by using ‘for’ or ‘since’ in your sentence.
3693
11940640
4561
and you can do that by using 'for' or 'since' in your sentence.
199:05
Let's take a look at some examples.
3694
11945200
1840
āĻ†āĻ¸ā§āĻ¨ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ›ā§ āĻ‰āĻĻāĻžāĻšāĻ°āĻŖ āĻĻā§‡āĻ–ā§‡ āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•āĨ¤
199:08
‘Charles has been studying English for an hour.’
3695
11948160
3279
'Charles has been studying English for an hour.'
199:12
Take a look at the subject, ‘Charles’.
3696
11952319
2400
Take a look at the subject, 'Charles'.
199:15
The subject pronoun for Charles is ‘he’.
3697
11955279
2561
The subject pronoun for Charles is 'he'.
199:18
And that's why we say ‘has’.
3698
11958560
1760
And that's why we say 'has'.
199:21
After that, we add ‘been’ and then verb ‘-ing’.
3699
11961200
4560
After that, we add 'been' and then verb '-ing'.
199:25
In this case, ‘studying.’
3700
11965760
1600
In this case, 'studying.'
199:28
You'll also notice that at the end of the sentence we have for an hour.
3701
11968319
4400
You'll also notice that at the end of the sentence we have for an hour.
199:33
That shows how long this  action has been happening.
3702
11973359
3280
That shows how long this action has been happening.
199:37
When you use ‘for’, you emphasize the duration. ‘for an hour’.
3703
11977279
4960
When you use 'for', you emphasize the duration. 'for an hour'.
199:42
‘Charles has been studying English for an hour.’
3704
11982960
3200
'Charles has been studying English for an hour.'
199:47
Let's take a look at the next sentence.
3705
11987279
2000
Let's take a look at the next sentence.
199:50
‘Lily has been playing the piano for 2 years.’
3706
11990080
3359
'Lily has been playing the piano for 2 years.'
199:54
In this case, Lily is a ‘she’ and that's why, again, we say ‘has’.
3707
11994080
6000
In this case, Lily is a 'she' and that's why, again, we say 'has'.
200:00
You'll notice again, we have ‘been’ and then verb ‘-ing’.
3708
12000080
4080
You'll notice again, we have 'been' and then verb '-ing'.
200:04
In this case, ‘playing’.
3709
12004720
1360
In this case, 'playing'.
200:07
At the end of this sentence, we also used ‘for’.
3710
12007040
3120
At the end of this sentence, we also used 'for'.
200:10
and then ‘two years’.
3711
12010800
2080
and then 'two years'.
200:12
So again, we're showing how long this has been happening.
3712
12012880
3840
So again, we're showing how long this has been happening.
200:17
The next sentence is a little different.
3713
12017760
2080
The next sentence is a little different.
200:20
‘It has been growing since June.’
3714
12020479
2320
'It has been growing since June.'
200:23
So it can be something like a plant.
3715
12023359
2641
So it can be something like a plant.
200:26
The plant or it has been growing since June.
3716
12026640
4080
The plant or it has been growing since June.
200:31
Here we use ‘since’, not ‘for’.
3717
12031520
2800
Here we use 'since', not 'for'.
200:35
What's the difference?
3718
12035120
960
What's the difference?
200:36
We use a specific point in time with since.
3719
12036720
3120
We use a specific point in time with since.
200:40
We don't say ‘Since two hours’.
3720
12040399
2721
We don't say 'Since two hours'.
200:43
No, we say ‘When the action started since June.’
3721
12043120
4000
No, we say 'When the action started since June.'
200:47
And finally, ‘Dan and I have been working since 6 a.m.’
3722
12047920
4880
And finally, 'Dan and I have been working since 6 am'
200:53
The subject pronoun for ‘Dan and I’ is ‘We’.
3723
12053680
2880
The subject pronoun for 'Dan and I' is 'We'.
200:57
Therefore we use ‘have’.
3724
12057279
1521
Therefore we use 'have'.
200:59
At the end of the sentence, we have ‘since 6 a.m.’
3725
12059840
4000
At the end of the sentence, we have 'since 6 am'
201:04
Remember that with ‘since’, we talked about a specific point in time when the action
3726
12064560
5521
Remember that with 'since', we talked about a specific point in time when the action
201:10
started.
3727
12070080
479
started.
201:11
Let's move on.
3728
12071279
801
āĻšāĻ˛ āĻāĻ—ā§‹āĻ‡.
201:12
The present perfect continuous can also be used without emphasizing duration.
3729
12072800
5360
The present perfect continuous can also be used without emphasizing duration.
201:18
In this case, we mean ‘lately’.
3730
12078880
2640
In this case, we mean 'lately'.
201:21
This action has been happening ‘lately’,
3731
12081520
2320
This action has been happening 'lately',
201:24
and so we can use the word ‘lately’ or ‘recently’ to explain this.
3732
12084560
4960
and so we can use the word 'lately' or 'recently' to explain this.
201:30
Let's take a look at some examples.
3733
12090080
1840
āĻ†āĻ¸ā§āĻ¨ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ›ā§ āĻ‰āĻĻāĻžāĻšāĻ°āĻŖ āĻĻā§‡āĻ–ā§‡ āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•āĨ¤
201:32
‘You have been missing many classes lately.’
3734
12092560
3280
'You have been missing many classes lately.'
201:36
You'll notice that at the end of the sentence I use the word ‘lately'
3735
12096399
4480
You'll notice that at the end of the sentence I use the word 'lately'
201:40
to describe when this action has been happening.
3736
12100880
2880
to describe when this action has been happening.
201:44
You can also use lately at the beginning of the sentence.
3737
12104399
3681
You can also use lately at the beginning of the sentence.
201:48
For example, ‘Lately, you have been missing many classes.’
3738
12108080
4319
For example, 'Lately, you have been missing many classes.'
201:53
The next example says, ‘Recently, Toby has been running every day.’
3739
12113520
4960
The next example says, 'Recently, Toby has been running every day.'
201:59
In this sentence, we used ‘recently’ at the beginning
3740
12119279
3521
In this sentence, we used 'recently' at the beginning
202:02
to show when does action has been happening.
3741
12122800
3280
to show when does action has been happening.
202:06
You can also use ‘recently’ at the end of the sentence.
3742
12126080
3680
You can also use 'recently' at the end of the sentence.
202:09
‘Toby has been running everyday recently.’
3743
12129760
2720
'Toby has been running everyday recently.'
202:13
In this example, the subject is Toby and so we use ‘has’ after Toby.
3744
12133439
6000
In this example, the subject is Toby and so we use 'has' after Toby.
202:19
Because Toby is a ‘he’.
3745
12139439
2000
Because Toby is a 'he'.
202:22
The next example says, ‘Lately, Dana has been swimming a lot.’
3746
12142560
4240
The next example says, 'Lately, Dana has been swimming a lot.'
202:27
Again, we use ‘lately’ at the beginning of this sentence,
3747
12147439
3920
Again, we use 'lately' at the beginning of this sentence,
202:31
but you can also use it at the end.
3748
12151359
2480
but you can also use it at the end.
202:34
Dana is a ‘she’ and so we followed this subject with ‘has’.
3749
12154479
4240
Dana is a 'she' and so we followed this subject with 'has'.
202:39
And finally, ‘We've been practicing English together recently.’
3750
12159760
4960
And finally, 'We've been practicing English together recently.'
202:45
‘We’ is the subject of this sentence and so we use ‘have’.
3751
12165600
3680
'We' is the subject of this sentence and so we use 'have'.
202:49
Here, we use the contraction ‘We’ve’.
3752
12169920
3520
Here, we use the contraction 'We've'.
202:53
‘We have’ become ‘We've’.
3753
12173439
2800
'We have' become 'We've'.
202:56
‘We've been practicing English together recently.’
3754
12176240
3440
'We've been practicing English together recently.'
202:59
We can put ‘recently’ at the end,
3755
12179680
2400
We can put 'recently' at the end,
203:02
or we can say ‘Recently we've been practicing English together.’
3756
12182080
4800
or we can say 'Recently we've been practicing English together.'
203:07
Let's move on.
3757
12187680
800
āĻšāĻ˛ āĻāĻ—ā§‹āĻ‡.
203:09
The present perfect continuous tense and also be used to talk about an action that recently
3758
12189600
5920
The present perfect continuous tense and also be used to talk about an action that recently
203:15
stopped and has a present result.
3759
12195520
2480
stopped and has a present result.
203:18
Let's take a look at the example.
3760
12198640
1760
Let's take a look at the example.
203:21
‘I'm tired because I have been running.’
3761
12201120
2880
'I'm tired because I have been running.'
203:24
The second part of the sentence, ‘I have been running’
3762
12204640
2800
The second part of the sentence, 'I have been running'
203:28
is using the present perfect continuous tense.
3763
12208000
2880
is using the present perfect continuous tense.
203:31
This is the action that recently stopped.
3764
12211439
2800
This is the action that recently stopped.
203:34
And as a result, ‘I'm tired’.
3765
12214239
3040
And as a result, 'I'm tired'.
203:37
This is the present result.
3766
12217279
2240
This is the present result.
203:39
What's happening now, because of this.
3767
12219520
2641
What's happening now, because of this.
203:42
‘I'm tired.’.
3768
12222160
2000
'I'm tired.'.
203:44
The next example says, ‘The street is wet because it has been raining.’
3769
12224160
4800
The next example says, 'The street is wet because it has been raining.'
203:49
This is very similar to the first sentence.
3770
12229600
2960
This is very similar to the first sentence.
203:52
Here, we know that it has been raining.
3771
12232560
2561
Here, we know that it has been raining.
203:55
And this action recently stopped.
3772
12235120
2960
And this action recently stopped.
203:58
As a result, in the present, The street is wet.
3773
12238080
4159
As a result, in the present, The street is wet.
204:02
The street is wet right now because of this action.
3774
12242239
3921
The street is wet right now because of this action.
204:07
The next example says, ‘You don't understand because you haven't been listening.’
3775
12247600
5601
The next example says, 'You don't understand because you haven't been listening.'
204:13
You'll notice here that we use the negative.
3776
12253920
2960
You'll notice here that we use the negative.
204:16
Here's the contractions, ‘haven't’ or ‘have not’
3777
12256880
3280
Here's the contractions, 'haven't' or 'have not'
204:20
because of this action,  you haven't been listening,
3778
12260960
3520
because of this action, you haven't been listening,
204:24
now you don't understand.
3779
12264479
2400
now you don't understand.
204:27
In the last example, we switch the order a little bit.
3780
12267920
3120
In the last example, we switch the order a little bit.
204:31
‘I've been studying all night.’
3781
12271760
2160
'I've been studying all night.'
204:34
There is the present perfect continuous tense.
3782
12274479
3200
There is the present perfect continuous tense.
204:37
This is the action that stopped recently.
3783
12277680
2160
This is the action that stopped recently.
204:40
And here is the result.
3784
12280399
1840
And here is the result.
204:42
‘Now, I'm exhausted.’
3785
12282239
2000
'Now, I'm exhausted.'
204:44
Great job, everyone.
3786
12284960
1279
Great job, everyone.
204:46
Let's move on.
3787
12286239
801
āĻšāĻ˛ āĻāĻ—ā§‹āĻ‡.
204:47
Let's take a look at the negative form of the present perfect continuous tense.
3788
12287840
4880
Let's take a look at the negative form of the present perfect continuous tense.
204:52
Here are some examples.
3789
12292720
1120
Here are some examples.
204:54
‘I have not been feeling well these days.’
3790
12294960
2800
'I have not been feeling well these days.'
204:58
At the end of the sentence we have ‘these days’ to show that this is an action that's
3791
12298560
5440
At the end of the sentence we have 'these days' to show that this is an action that's
205:04
been happening recently.
3792
12304000
1520
been happening recently.
205:06
In the negative form, we have to have ‘not’.
3793
12306160
3119
In the negative form, we have to have 'not'.
205:10
The ‘not’ goes after have or has.
3794
12310080
3600
The 'not' goes after have or has.
205:13
In this case, the subject is ‘I’, so I use ‘have’.
3795
12313680
3840
In this case, the subject is 'I', so I use 'have'.
205:18
‘I have not been feeling well these days.’
3796
12318239
3841
'I have not been feeling well these days.'
205:22
We can also use a contraction ‘haven't’ or ‘have not’.
3797
12322080
4159
We can also use a contraction 'haven't' or 'have not'.
205:26
‘I haven't been feeling well these days.’
3798
12326239
2961
'I haven't been feeling well these days.'
205:30
The next sentence says, ‘Sue has not been cooking lately.’
3799
12330160
3840
The next sentence says, 'Sue has not been cooking lately.'
205:34
We have ‘lately’ at the end of this sentence,
3800
12334720
3200
We have 'lately' at the end of this sentence,
205:37
We can also put ‘lately’ at the beginning of the sentence.
3801
12337920
3280
We can also put 'lately' at the beginning of the sentence.
205:41
The important part of this sentence is to put ‘not’ after ‘has’.
3802
12341760
4160
The important part of this sentence is to put 'not' after 'has'.
205:46
Why did we use ‘has’?
3803
12346640
1680
Why did we use 'has'?
205:48
Because the subject is ‘Sue’ which is a 'she'.
3804
12348319
3521
Because the subject is 'Sue' which is a 'she'.
205:51
For ‘he’, ‘she’, ‘it’, we use ‘has’.
3805
12351840
2640
For 'he', 'she', 'it', we use 'has'.
205:55
Again, we can use a contraction ‘hasn't’ for has not.
3806
12355120
4159
Again, we can use a contraction 'hasn't' for has not.
205:59
‘Sue hasn't been cooking lately.’
3807
12359840
2720
'Sue hasn't been cooking lately.'
206:03
The next sentence says, ‘Jeff hasn't been eating healthy food recently.’
3808
12363520
5601
The next sentence says, 'Jeff hasn't been eating healthy food recently.'
206:09
Again, the ‘recently’ can be used at the beginning or end of this sentence.
3809
12369760
5360
Again, the 'recently' can be used at the beginning or end of this sentence.
206:15
We have the contestant ‘hasn't’ here for you.
3810
12375920
3040
We have the contestant 'hasn't' here for you.
206:19
‘hasn't’ is a contraction for ‘has not’.
3811
12379680
2560
'hasn't' is a contraction for 'has not'.
206:22
We have ‘has’ because the subject is Jeff which is ‘he’.
3812
12382800
4080
We have 'has' because the subject is Jeff which is 'he'.
206:27
And finally, ‘They haven't been speaking for over a year.’
3813
12387680
4640
And finally, 'They haven't been speaking for over a year.'
206:33
In this case, ‘for over a year’ shows duration.
3814
12393120
3520
In this case, 'for over a year' shows duration.
206:37
Remember with ‘for’, you show how long something has been happening.
3815
12397279
4400
Remember with 'for', you show how long something has been happening.
206:42
In this case, we have a contraction ‘haven't’ or ‘have not’.
3816
12402319
4080
In this case, we have a contraction 'haven't' or 'have not'.
206:47
Great job, everybody.
3817
12407200
1359
Great job, everybody.
206:48
let's move on.
3818
12408560
1360
let's move on.
206:49
Now, let's take a look at how to form the ‘have’ or ‘has’ question
3819
12409920
4240
Now, let's take a look at how to form the 'have' or 'has' question
206:54
for the present perfect continuous tense.
3820
12414160
2399
for the present perfect continuous tense.
206:57
The first sentence says, ‘He has been reading for an hour,’
3821
12417359
4000
The first sentence says, 'He has been reading for an hour,'
207:02
Now, to turn this into a question,
3822
12422000
2720
Now, to turn this into a question,
207:04
all we have to do is change the order of the first two words.
3823
12424720
4000
all we have to do is change the order of the first two words.
207:09
So ‘He has’ becomes ‘Has he’.
3824
12429279
3040
So 'He has' becomes 'Has he'.
207:13
‘Has he been reading for an hour?’
3825
12433200
2239
'Has he been reading for an hour?'
207:16
You'll notice that the second part of the sentence doesn't change.
3826
12436239
3681
You'll notice that the second part of the sentence doesn't change.
207:20
‘Has he been reading for an hour?’
3827
12440640
2000
'Has he been reading for an hour?'
207:23
To answer, you can simply say, ‘Yes, he has.’ or ‘No, he hasn't.’
3828
12443520
5120
To answer, you can simply say, 'Yes, he has.' or 'No, he hasn't.'
207:29
The next sentence says, ‘They have been sleeping since 8 p.m.’
3829
12449359
3920
The next sentence says, 'They have been sleeping since 8 pm'
207:34
Again, the second part of the sentence stays the same,
3830
12454000
4000
Again, the second part of the sentence stays the same,
207:38
and in the beginning, we just switch the first two words.
3831
12458000
3120
and in the beginning, we just switch the first two words.
207:41
‘They have’ become ‘Have they’.
3832
12461680
2160
'They have' become 'Have they'.
207:44
‘Have they been sleeping since 8 p.m.?’
3833
12464560
2080
'Have they been sleeping since 8 pm?'
207:47
To answer, you can say, ‘Yes, they have.’
3834
12467520
3521
To answer, you can say, 'Yes, they have.'
207:51
or ‘No. they haven't.’
3835
12471040
2000
or 'No. they haven't.'
207:53
Great job, everybody.
3836
12473840
1280
Great job, everybody.
207:55
Let's move on.
3837
12475120
720
āĻšāĻ˛ āĻāĻ—ā§‹āĻ‡.
207:56
Now, let's take a look at how to form WH questions in the present perfect continuous tense.
3838
12476640
6160
Now, let's take a look at how to form WH questions in the present perfect continuous tense.
208:03
Here, we have some WH question words.
3839
12483439
3280
Here, we have some WH question words.
208:06
‘what’, ‘where’, ‘why’ and ‘how’.
3840
12486720
3360
'what', 'where', 'why' and 'how'.
208:10
Let's take a look at the first question.
3841
12490080
1920
Let's take a look at the first question.
208:12
‘What have you been doing lately?’
3842
12492880
1760
'What have you been doing lately?'
208:15
I can answer by saying, ‘I have been working.’
3843
12495439
3200
I can answer by saying, 'I have been working.'
208:18
or ‘I have been studying.’
3844
12498640
2160
or 'I have been studying.'
208:20
I can also use the contraction ‘I've’.
3845
12500800
2347
I can also use the contraction 'I've'.
208:23
‘I've been working.’
3846
12503146
2213
'I've been working.'
208:25
‘I've been studying.’
3847
12505359
1040
'I've been studying.'
208:27
The next question says, ‘Where have you been traveling?’
3848
12507120
3199
The next question says, 'Where have you been traveling?'
208:31
‘I have been traveling in Europe.’
3849
12511120
2239
'I have been traveling in Europe.'
208:33
or ‘I've been traveling in Europe.’
3850
12513359
2400
or 'I've been traveling in Europe.'
208:37
‘Why has he been feeling sad?’
3851
12517120
2239
'Why has he been feeling sad?'
208:40
You can answer by saying, ‘He's been feeling sad.’
3852
12520080
3680
You can answer by saying, 'He's been feeling sad.'
208:43
That's the contraction ‘he has’, he's been feeling sad because his pet died.
3853
12523760
5680
That's the contraction 'he has', he's been feeling sad because his pet died.
208:50
or ‘He has been feeling sad because he broke up with his girlfriend.’
3854
12530319
4881
or 'He has been feeling sad because he broke up with his girlfriend.'
208:55
Something like that.
3855
12535200
880
Something like that.
208:56
And ‘How has she been doing?’
3856
12536640
2240
And 'How has she been doing?'
208:59
‘How has she been doing?’
3857
12539600
1760
'How has she been doing?'
209:01
I can say, ‘She's been doing well.’
3858
12541359
2320
I can say, 'She's been doing well.'
209:04
‘She's’ is a contraction for ‘she has’.
3859
12544640
2480
'She's' is a contraction for 'she has'.
209:07
Great job, everyone.
3860
12547920
1280
Great job, everyone.
209:09
Let's move on.
3861
12549200
800
āĻšāĻ˛ āĻāĻ—ā§‹āĻ‡.
209:10
In this checkup, we will talk about the present perfect continuous tense.
3862
12550560
4480
In this checkup, we will talk about the present perfect continuous tense.
209:15
This tense can be used to describe an event
3863
12555840
3120
This tense can be used to describe an event
209:18
that started in the past and continues in the present.
3864
12558960
3359
that started in the past and continues in the present.
209:22
Let's take a look.
3865
12562880
800
āĻāĻ° āĻ•āĻŸāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻĒāĻžāĻ¤ āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•.
209:24
The first sentence says,
3866
12564479
1601
The first sentence says,
209:26
‘He has _blank_ all week,’
3867
12566080
2560
'He has _blank_ all week,'
209:28
And the verb is ‘sleep’.
3868
12568640
1360
And the verb is 'sleep'.
209:30
For this tense, what we do is we first look at the subject, ‘he’.
3869
12570800
4320
For this tense, what we do is we first look at the subject, 'he'.
209:35
For ‘he’, ‘she’ and ‘it’, we put ‘has’.
3870
12575920
3520
For 'he', 'she' and 'it', we put 'has'.
209:40
Then, we add ‘been’. ‘has been’.
3871
12580960
3760
Then, we add 'been'. 'has been'.
209:45
Finally we add ‘-ing’ to the end.
3872
12585600
3040
Finally we add '-ing' to the end.
209:49
‘He has been sleeping all week.’
3873
12589359
4240
'He has been sleeping all week.'
209:54
The next sentence says, ‘You haven't _blank_ for a year.’
3874
12594479
4240
The next sentence says, 'You haven't _blank_ for a year.'
209:59
and the verb is ‘travel’.
3875
12599359
2561
and the verb is 'travel'.
210:01
Now, this is the negative form.
3876
12601920
2399
Now, this is the negative form.
210:04
So you see the contraction - ‘haven't’.
3877
12604319
2400
So you see the contraction - 'haven't'.
210:06
‘You have not’ or ‘You haven't’.
3878
12606720
2560
'You have not' or 'You haven't'.
210:10
Again, what we do after that is add ‘been’.
3879
12610000
3279
Again, what we do after that is add 'been'.
210:15
Then, do you remember what to do?
3880
12615520
2080
Then, do you remember what to do?
210:18
Add ‘-ing’ to the verb.
3881
12618399
2080
Add '-ing' to the verb.
210:25
‘You haven't been traveling for a year.’
3882
12625520
2720
'You haven't been traveling for a year.'
210:29
Next, it says ‘They _blank_ working all day.’
3883
12629600
4000
Next, it says 'They _blank_ working all day.'
210:34
So the verb ‘-ing’ has already been provided for you.
3884
12634319
3841
So the verb '-ing' has already been provided for you.
210:38
Now, take a look at the subject.
3885
12638960
2720
Now, take a look at the subject.
210:41
The subject is ‘they’.
3886
12641680
2320
āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇāĻ¯āĻŧ 'āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž'āĨ¤
210:44
Should we use ‘have’? or should we use ‘has’?
3887
12644000
2960
Should we use 'have'? or should we use 'has'?
210:47
The correct answer is ‘have’.
3888
12647680
2080
The correct answer is 'have'.
210:51
Then what do you put?
3889
12651359
960
Then what do you put?
210:53
Remember, we put ‘been’.
3890
12653200
1920
Remember, we put 'been'.
210:57
‘They have been working all day.’
3891
12657040
2239
'They have been working all day.'
211:00
Now if you want to make this negative, you can say,
3892
12660000
3040
Now if you want to make this negative, you can say,
211:03
‘They haven't been working all day.’
3893
12663040
2319
'They haven't been working all day.'
211:06
Now find the mistake in the next sentence.
3894
12666399
2721
Now find the mistake in the next sentence.
211:09
‘My friends have been watch TV.’
3895
12669760
6720
'My friends have been watch TV.'
211:16
‘My friends have been watch TV.’
3896
12676479
641
'My friends have been watch TV.'
211:17
What's the mistake?
3897
12677120
960
What's the mistake?
211:19
Remember, we need to add ‘-ing’ to the end of the verb.
3898
12679040
5199
Remember, we need to add '-ing' to the end of the verb.
211:24
So we should say,
3899
12684800
2640
So we should say,
211:27
‘My friends have been watching TV.’
3900
12687439
2561
'My friends have been watching TV.'
211:31
Next, ‘Sal did talking for 10 minutes.’
3901
12691600
3840
Next, 'Sal did talking for 10 minutes.'
211:36
Hmm..
3902
12696200
1000
Hmm..
211:37
Sal is a ‘he'.
3903
12697200
1199
Sal is a 'he'.
211:39
And ‘talking’ is already there for you.
3904
12699279
2801
And 'talking' is already there for you.
211:42
So what's in the middle of those two words is the mistake.
3905
12702080
3120
So what's in the middle of those two words is the mistake.
211:47
For ‘he’, we use ‘has’.
3906
12707680
1840
For 'he', we use 'has'.
211:50
So we say ‘has been’.
3907
12710160
3920
So we say 'has been'.
211:54
‘Sal has been talking for 10 minutes.’
3908
12714080
2479
'Sal has been talking for 10 minutes.'
211:57
And finally,
3909
12717600
1200
And finally,
211:58
‘He has been to eat for an hour.’
3910
12718800
3040
'He has been to eat for an hour.'
212:02
Hmm..
3911
12722680
1000
Hmm..
212:03
‘He has been’ That's correct.
3912
12723680
3040
'He has been' That's correct.
212:06
However, in this sentence, the base form of the verb ‘eat’ was used.
3913
12726720
5520
However, in this sentence, the base form of the verb 'eat' was used.
212:12
Instead, remember we need ‘-ing’.
3914
12732239
2721
Instead, remember we need '-ing'.
212:19
This is the correct answer.
3915
12739840
2320
This is the correct answer.
212:22
‘He has been eating for an hour.’
3916
12742160
2479
'He has been eating for an hour.'
212:25
All right, good job. and let's move on to the next practice.
3917
12745600
3040
All right, good job. and let's move on to the next practice.
212:29
In this practice, we'll take a look at the present perfect continuous tense,
3918
12749680
4720
In this practice, we'll take a look at the present perfect continuous tense,
212:34
And see how it expresses an action that has been happening recently or lately.
3919
12754399
5360
And see how it expresses an action that has been happening recently or lately.
212:39
Let's take a look at the first sentence.
3920
12759760
1920
āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¯āĻŸāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŦāĻžāĻ° āĻĻā§‡āĻ–ā§‡ āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•āĨ¤
212:42
‘She has _blank_ bad lately.’
3921
12762560
3521
'She has _blank_ bad lately.'
212:46
And the verb is ‘feel’.
3922
12766080
1600
And the verb is 'feel'.
212:48
Remember for ‘she’, we use ‘has’.
3923
12768479
3200
Remember for 'she', we use 'has'.
212:52
Then don't forget we need to have ‘been’.
3924
12772560
3760
Then don't forget we need to have 'been'.
212:56
‘She has been’
3925
12776960
960
'She has been'
212:58
After that, we add ‘-ing’ to the verb.
3926
12778800
5040
After that, we add '-ing' to the verb.
213:05
The correct sentence is,
3927
12785760
1920
The correct sentence is,
213:07
‘She has been feeling bad lately.’
3928
12787680
2480
'She has been feeling bad lately.'
213:11
The next sentence says,
3929
12791040
1680
The next sentence says,
213:12
‘We haven't _blank_ much recently.’
3930
12792720
3360
'We haven't _blank_ much recently.'
213:16
And the verb is ‘cook’.
3931
12796080
1760
And the verb is 'cook'.
213:18
This is a negative sentence.
3932
12798479
2000
This is a negative sentence.
213:20
So we say, ‘We have not’ or the contraction - ‘haven't’.
3933
12800479
4160
So we say, 'We have not' or the contraction - 'haven't'.
213:25
‘We haven't’ Don't forget ‘been’, and then verb ‘-ing’.
3934
12805200
6640
'We haven't' Don't forget 'been', and then verb '-ing'.
213:32
‘We haven't been cooking much recently.’
3935
12812479
4480
'We haven't been cooking much recently.'
213:38
Finally, we move on, let's try to find the mistake.
3936
12818000
3600
Finally, we move on, let's try to find the mistake.
213:43
‘We has been riding bikes to school recently.’
3937
12823120
3199
'We has been riding bikes to school recently.'
213:47
What's the mistake in this sentence?
3938
12827040
2000
What's the mistake in this sentence?
213:50
The subject here is ‘We’.
3939
12830399
1521
The subject here is 'We'.
213:52
For ‘I’, ‘you’, ‘we’ and ‘they’, we have to say ‘have been’, not ‘has
3940
12832720
6160
For 'I', 'you', 'we' and 'they', we have to say 'have been', not 'has
213:58
been’.
3941
12838880
960
been'.
214:02
‘We have been riding bikes to school recently.’
3942
12842960
3040
'We have been riding bikes to school recently.'
214:06
And for the last one,
3943
12846960
1439
And for the last one,
214:09
‘Jenny lately hasn't been helping me.’
3944
12849040
2800
'Jenny lately hasn't been helping me.'
214:13
The lately is placed wrong in this sentence.
3945
12853120
3119
The lately is placed wrong in this sentence.
214:16
We have to say,
3946
12856800
1040
We have to say,
214:20
‘Lately, Jenny hasn't been helping me.’
3947
12860080
3120
'Lately, Jenny hasn't been helping me.'
214:23
or we can also say,
3948
12863760
4240
or we can also say,
214:28
‘Jenny hasn't been helping me lately.’
3949
12868000
2640
'Jenny hasn't been helping me lately.'
214:31
Let's move on to the next checkup.
3950
12871520
2320
āĻāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§€ āĻšā§‡āĻ•āĻ†āĻĒā§‡ āĻāĻ—āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•āĨ¤
214:33
In this checkup, we'll talk about the present perfect continuous tense
3951
12873840
4640
In this checkup, we'll talk about the present perfect continuous tense
214:38
and how it expresses an action that stopped recently
3952
12878479
3601
and how it expresses an action that stopped recently
214:42
but has a present result.
3953
12882080
1760
but has a present result.
214:44
The first sentence says,
3954
12884720
1360
The first sentence says,
214:46
‘I _blank_ . That's why I'm so sweaty.’
3955
12886080
3279
'I _blank_ . That's why I'm so sweaty.'
214:50
The verb here is ‘exercise’.
3956
12890399
2240
The verb here is 'exercise'.
214:52
And the subject is ‘I’.
3957
12892640
1521
And the subject is 'I'.
214:54
Do we use ‘has’ or ‘have’ for the subject ‘I’?
3958
12894960
3279
Do we use 'has' or 'have' for the subject 'I'?
214:58
The correct answer is ‘have’.
3959
12898880
1920
The correct answer is 'have'.
215:03
Then, we put ‘been’ and then verb ‘-ing’.
3960
12903359
6480
Then, we put 'been' and then verb '-ing'.
215:14
Okay, so the correct answer is,
3961
12914080
2800
Okay, so the correct answer is,
215:16
‘I have been exercising.
3962
12916880
2240
'I have been exercising.
215:19
That's why I'm so sweaty.’
3963
12919120
2000
That's why I'm so sweaty.'
215:21
That's the result.
3964
12921120
1040
That's the result.
215:22
The next sentence says,
3965
12922960
1520
The next sentence says,
215:24
‘I'm covered in flour because I _blank_.’
3966
12924479
3521
'I'm covered in flour because I _blank_.'
215:28
And the verb is ‘bake’.
3967
12928000
1439
And the verb is 'bake'.
215:30
Take a look.
3968
12930640
561
āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻž āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•.
215:31
I have ‘I'm covered in flour because’
3969
12931840
3760
I have 'I'm covered in flour because'
215:35
So this first part is the result.
3970
12935600
2720
So this first part is the result.
215:38
I need to show the action that stopped recently in the present perfect continuous tense.
3971
12938319
5681
I need to show the action that stopped recently in the present perfect continuous tense.
215:44
Again, the subject is ‘I’.
3972
12944640
2240
Again, the subject is 'I'.
215:46
So we use ‘have been’.
3973
12946880
1920
So we use 'have been'.
215:51
Then, all we do is add ‘-ing’ to the end of baking.
3974
12951120
4319
Then, all we do is add '-ing' to the end of baking.
215:59
‘I have been baking.’
3975
12959120
1520
'I have been baking.'
216:00
So again,
3976
12960640
880
So again,
216:02
‘I'm covered in flour because I have been baking.’
3977
12962080
3920
'I'm covered in flour because I have been baking.'
216:06
And we can use the contraction and say,
3978
12966000
2720
And we can use the contraction and say,
216:08
‘I've been baking.’
3979
12968720
1520
'I've been baking.'
216:11
Now, find the mistake in the next sentence.
3980
12971439
2721
Now, find the mistake in the next sentence.
216:16
‘She has think a lot, so she has a headache.’
3981
12976560
3680
'She has think a lot, so she has a headache.'
216:21
Take a look.
3982
12981200
640
āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻž āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•.
216:23
The result is that ‘she has a headache.’
3983
12983279
2960
The result is that 'she has a headache.'
216:26
So we need to use the present perfect continuous for the first part.
3984
12986239
4320
So we need to use the present perfect continuous for the first part.
216:31
‘She has’ is correct.
3985
12991520
1681
'She has' is correct.
216:33
What's missing?
3986
12993760
720
āĻ•āĻŋ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻĒāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻŋāĻ¤?
216:35
Don't forget the ‘been’.
3987
12995359
1521
Don't forget the 'been'.
216:38
Also don't forget that we need to add ‘-ing’ to the verb.
3988
12998560
4320
Also don't forget that we need to add '-ing' to the verb.
216:46
‘She has been thinking a lot, so she has a headache.’
3989
13006000
3760
'She has been thinking a lot, so she has a headache.'
216:50
Look at the next sentence and find the mistake.
3990
13010399
2400
Look at the next sentence and find the mistake.
216:54
‘I'm so hungry because I have been diet.’
3991
13014080
3840
'I'm so hungry because I have been diet.'
216:59
The only mistake here is that someone forgot to put the ‘-ing’ at the end of the verb, ‘diet’.
3992
13019120
6560
The only mistake here is that someone forgot to put the '-ing' at the end of the verb, 'diet'.
217:08
The correct answer is,
3993
13028720
1680
The correct answer is,
217:10
‘I'm so hungry because I have been dieting.’
3994
13030399
3681
'I'm so hungry because I have been dieting.'
217:15
Great job, everyone.
3995
13035040
800
Great job, everyone.
217:16
Let's move on.
3996
13036399
801
āĻšāĻ˛ āĻāĻ—ā§‹āĻ‡.
217:18
Thank you so much for watching this  grammar course on the present tense. 
3997
13038160
3760
Thank you so much for watching this grammar course on the present tense.
217:22
Now, I want you to watch the next  grammar course on the past tense. 
3998
13042560
4080
Now, I want you to watch the next grammar course on the past tense.
217:26
I’ll see you there.
3999
13046640
3200
I'll see you there.
217:36
Hi, everyone.
4000
13056080
1279
āĻ¸āĻŦāĻžāĻ‡ āĻ•ā§‡āĻŽāĻ¨ āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡āĻ¨.
217:37
In this video, I will introduce the past simple English tense.
4001
13057359
4320
In this video, I will introduce the past simple English tense.
217:42
This grammar tense can help you explain a past general state, action, or habit.
4002
13062479
6400
This grammar tense can help you explain a past general state, action, or habit.
217:49
There's a lot to learn and it's a very important tense, so keep watching.
4003
13069439
4480
There's a lot to learn and it's a very important tense, so keep watching.
217:57
In this video, I will talk about the 'be' verb
4004
13077680
3040
In this video, I will talk about the 'be' verb
218:00
in the past simple tense.
4005
13080720
1600
in the past simple tense.
218:02
The 'be' verb in the past simple tense can be used to describe a past general state.
4006
13082960
5680
The 'be' verb in the past simple tense can be used to describe a past general state.
218:09
We use the 'be' verbs, ‘was’ and ‘were’ in this tense.
4007
13089279
4320
We use the 'be' verbs, 'was' and 'were' in this tense.
218:14
Take a look at the examples.
4008
13094239
1601
Take a look at the examples.
218:16
‘I was scared.’
4009
13096479
1360
'I was scared.'
218:18
‘James', or he 'was a teacher.’
4010
13098640
3040
'James', or he 'was a teacher.'
218:22
‘She was sad.’
4011
13102720
1360
'She was sad.'
218:25
‘My dog was hungry.’
4012
13105120
2319
'My dog was hungry.'
218:27
‘My dog’ can be ‘it’.
4013
13107439
1440
'My dog' can be 'it'.
218:29
So for ‘I’, ‘he’, ‘she’, ‘it’, we use the past tense 'be' verb, ‘was’.
4014
13109520
6641
So for 'I', 'he', 'she', 'it', we use the past tense 'be' verb, 'was'.
218:37
However, for ‘you’, ‘we’ and ‘they’, we use ‘were’.
4015
13117199
4721
However, for 'you', 'we' and 'they', we use 'were'.
218:42
‘You were a good student.’
4016
13122560
2000
'You were a good student.'
218:45
‘Your parents, or they were at the park.’ and ‘We were at home for two hours.’
4017
13125359
8801
'Your parents, or they were at the park.' and 'We were at home for two hours.'
218:54
In this last sentence, you see that the duration is emphasized.
4018
13134160
4000
In this last sentence, you see that the duration is emphasized.
218:58
Great job.
4019
13138720
880
āĻĻāĻžāĻ°ā§‚āĻ¨ āĻ•āĻžāĻœ.
218:59
Let's move on.
4020
13139600
800
āĻšāĻ˛ āĻāĻ—ā§‹āĻ‡.
219:01
Now I will talk about regular verbs in the past simple tense.
4021
13141439
4160
Now I will talk about regular verbs in the past simple tense.
219:06
Take a look at these examples.
4022
13146160
1680
Take a look at these examples.
219:08
‘Liam played a game.’
4023
13148800
1760
'Liam played a game.'
219:11
Liam is a ‘he’,
4024
13151439
1440
Liam is a 'he',
219:13
but really it doesn't matter for regular verbs in the past simple tense.
4025
13153520
4800
but really it doesn't matter for regular verbs in the past simple tense.
219:18
Because no matter what the subject is, all we have to do is add ‘d’ or ‘ed’
4026
13158319
6400
Because no matter what the subject is, all we have to do is add 'd' or 'ed'
219:24
to the end of the verb.
4027
13164720
1360
to the end of the verb.
219:26
Here the verb is ‘play’, so I added ‘-ed’.
4028
13166800
3439
Here the verb is 'play', so I added '-ed'.
219:30
‘Liam played a game.’
4029
13170880
1920
'Liam played a game.'
219:33
‘The car, or it needed gas.’
4030
13173920
3359
'The car, or it needed gas.'
219:37
The verb here is ‘need’.
4031
13177840
2080
The verb here is 'need'.
219:39
For the past simple tense, I added ‘-ed’.
4032
13179920
2800
For the past simple tense, I added '-ed'.
219:44
‘We watched a movie.’
4033
13184000
1760
'We watched a movie.'
219:46
Again, an ‘ed’ at the of ‘watch’.
4034
13186319
3521
Again, an 'ed' at the of 'watch'.
219:50
‘You exercised for an hour.’
4035
13190479
2400
'You exercised for an hour.'
219:53
In this case, the verb is ‘exercise’.
4036
13193600
2640
In this case, the verb is 'exercise'.
219:56
I only need to add a ‘d’ to make it the past tense.
4037
13196239
3761
I only need to add a 'd' to make it the past tense.
220:00
And finally, ‘They usually worked after school.’
4038
13200640
3200
And finally, 'They usually worked after school.'
220:04
The verb is ‘work’.
4039
13204880
1520
The verb is 'work'.
220:06
And I added an ‘ed’ to make it in the past tense.
4040
13206399
3521
And I added an 'ed' to make it in the past tense.
220:10
The word ‘usually’ shows that this was a habit.
4041
13210479
4160
The word 'usually' shows that this was a habit.
220:14
Remember, the past simple tense can be used to show past habits.
4042
13214640
5120
Remember, the past simple tense can be used to show past habits.
220:20
Let's move on.
4043
13220479
1200
āĻšāĻ˛ āĻāĻ—ā§‹āĻ‡.
220:21
Now, I'll talk about irregular verbs in the past simple tense.
4044
13221680
4240
Now, I'll talk about irregular verbs in the past simple tense.
220:26
Remember, for regular verbs, we only add ‘d’ or ‘ed’ to make a verb into the past tense.
4045
13226479
6480
Remember, for regular verbs, we only add 'd' or 'ed' to make a verb into the past tense.
220:33
However, for irregular verbs, we have to change the verb in a different way.
4046
13233600
4880
However, for irregular verbs, we have to change the verb in a different way.
220:39
Let's take a look at some examples.
4047
13239040
2080
āĻ†āĻ¸ā§āĻ¨ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ›ā§ āĻ‰āĻĻāĻžāĻšāĻ°āĻŖ āĻĻā§‡āĻ–ā§‡ āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•āĨ¤
220:42
‘I ate with my friend.’
4048
13242160
1760
'I ate with my friend.'
220:44
The verb here is ‘ate’.
4049
13244720
1840
The verb here is 'ate'.
220:47
‘ate’ is the past simple tense of ‘eat’.
4050
13247279
3200
'ate' is the past simple tense of 'eat'.
220:51
The next example says, ‘Nara wrote a story.’
4051
13251520
3521
The next example says, 'Nara wrote a story.'
220:55
The verb is ‘write’.
4052
13255600
2000
The verb is 'write'.
220:57
And because it's irregular to change it into the past tense, we change the verb to ‘wrote’.
4053
13257600
6320
And because it's irregular to change it into the past tense, we change the verb to 'wrote'.
221:05
‘You often came home late.’
4054
13265199
2240
'You often came home late.'
221:08
The verb here is ‘come’ and it's been changed to ‘came’.
4055
13268239
4480
The verb here is 'come' and it's been changed to 'came'.
221:13
You'll notice that we had the word ‘often’ to show a habit.
4056
13273600
4080
You'll notice that we had the word 'often' to show a habit.
221:19
‘We bought a camera.’
4057
13279040
1600
'We bought a camera.'
221:21
The verb here is ‘buy’ and it's been changed to ‘bought’ to show the past simple tense.
4058
13281439
6400
The verb here is 'buy' and it's been changed to 'bought' to show the past simple tense.
221:28
And finally, ‘My parents sent me money for a year.’
4059
13288720
4160
And finally, 'My parents sent me money for a year.'
221:33
Here the verb ‘sent’ is the past tense of ‘send’.
4060
13293600
4400
Here the verb 'sent' is the past tense of 'send'.
221:38
Here we also see ‘for a year’, this shows duration.
4061
13298960
4560
Here we also see 'for a year', this shows duration.
221:44
Let's move on.
4062
13304479
1200
āĻšāĻ˛ āĻāĻ—ā§‹āĻ‡.
221:45
Now I will talk about the negative form for the 'be' verb in the past simple tense.
4063
13305680
5840
Now I will talk about the negative form for the 'be' verb in the past simple tense.
221:51
Here are some examples.
4064
13311520
1440
Here are some examples.
221:53
The first one says, ‘I was not hungry.’
4065
13313600
3200
The first one says, 'I was not hungry.'
221:57
For the past simple tense, the negative 'be' verb
4066
13317840
3520
For the past simple tense, the negative 'be' verb
222:01
I f the subject is ‘I’, ‘he’, ‘she’ or ‘it’, we say ‘was not’.
4067
13321359
5761
I f the subject is 'I', 'he', 'she' or 'it', we say 'was not'.
222:07
For example, ‘I was not’ or ‘she was not’ or the contraction ‘wasn't’.
4068
13327680
6960
For example, 'I was not' or 'she was not' or the contraction 'wasn't'.
222:14
‘I wasn't’.
4069
13334640
1521
'I wasn't'.
222:16
‘She wasn't’.
4070
13336160
1039
'She wasn't'.
222:17
So let's look again, ‘I was not hungry.’
4071
13337760
3520
So let's look again, 'I was not hungry.'
222:22
‘She wasn't home today.’
4072
13342399
2000
'She wasn't home today.'
222:25
Now, if the subject is ‘you’, ‘we’ or ‘they’,
4073
13345359
4080
Now, if the subject is 'you', 'we' or 'they',
222:29
We say ‘were not’ or the contraction ‘weren't’.
4074
13349439
3521
We say 'were not' or the contraction 'weren't'.
222:33
‘The children, or they were not quiet.’
4075
13353760
4080
'The children, or they were not quiet.'
222:38
‘The children were not quiet.’
4076
13358640
2880
'The children were not quiet.'
222:42
And then, ‘The dog', or it was not, or 'wasn't playful.’
4077
13362319
6240
And then, 'The dog', or it was not, or 'wasn't playful.'
222:49
Let's move on.
4078
13369439
1280
āĻšāĻ˛ āĻāĻ—ā§‹āĻ‡.
222:50
Now, let's talk about how to form the negative in the past simple tense for non-'be' verbs,
4079
13370720
6160
Now, let's talk about how to form the negative in the past simple tense for non-'be' verbs,
222:56
regular or irregular.
4080
13376880
2399
regular or irregular.
222:59
Here are some examples.
4081
13379279
1440
Here are some examples.
223:01
‘I did not like him.’
4082
13381359
2000
'I did not like him.'
223:04
What we do for non-'be' verbs is simply put ‘did not’ after the subject.
4083
13384160
6079
What we do for non-'be' verbs is simply put 'did not' after the subject.
223:10
And you'll notice that for the verb, we don't make any changes.
4084
13390880
4640
And you'll notice that for the verb, we don't make any changes.
223:15
We keep the base verb.
4085
13395520
1840
We keep the base verb.
223:18
‘He didn't catch the ball.’
4086
13398479
1920
'He didn't catch the ball.'
223:21
Again, it's ‘he did not’, but here we used a contraction,
4087
13401120
5199
Again, it's 'he did not', but here we used a contraction,
223:26
‘He didn't catch the ball.’
4088
13406319
1920
'He didn't catch the ball.'
223:29
‘They didn't dance.’
4089
13409520
2160
'They didn't dance.'
223:31
Again, here's the contraction for ‘did not’.
4090
13411680
2880
Again, here's the contraction for 'did not'.
223:35
And you'll notice that for the verb, we didn't change it at all.
4091
13415120
4000
And you'll notice that for the verb, we didn't change it at all.
223:39
Here's an irregular verb, and here's a regular verb, we keep them in the base form.
4092
13419760
5680
Here's an irregular verb, and here's a regular verb, we keep them in the base form.
223:46
And finally, ‘We didn't think about that.’
4093
13426160
3600
And finally, 'We didn't think about that.'
223:49
Again, we simply say ‘did not’ or ‘didn't’.
4094
13429760
3600
Again, we simply say 'did not' or 'didn't'.
223:54
Let's move on.
4095
13434080
1040
āĻšāĻ˛ āĻāĻ—ā§‹āĻ‡.
223:55
Now I will introduce two ways to form questions for the past simple tense.
4096
13435120
5199
Now I will introduce two ways to form questions for the past simple tense.
224:00
Take a look at the first example.
4097
13440880
1840
Take a look at the first example.
224:03
‘He was angry.’
4098
13443520
1521
'He was angry.'
224:05
In this first sentence, we see the 'be' verb ‘was’.
4099
13445920
3120
In this first sentence, we see the 'be' verb 'was'.
224:09
It's quite easy.
4100
13449840
1439
It's quite easy.
224:11
All you have to do to turn this into a question is switch the order the first two words.
4101
13451279
5440
All you have to do to turn this into a question is switch the order the first two words.
224:17
‘Was he angry?’
4102
13457279
1200
'Was he angry?'
224:19
You can answer by saying ‘Yes, he was.’ or ‘No, he wasn't.’
4103
13459199
5040
You can answer by saying 'Yes, he was.' or 'No, he wasn't.'
224:25
The next sentence also has a 'be' verb.
4104
13465040
3199
The next sentence also has a 'be' verb.
224:28
‘They were comfortable.’
4105
13468239
2080
'They were comfortable.'
224:30
So again, switch the first two words.
4106
13470880
2720
So again, switch the first two words.
224:34
‘Were they comfortable?’
4107
13474239
1280
'Were they comfortable?'
224:36
The answers can be, ‘Yes, they were.’
4108
13476160
2960
The answers can be, 'Yes, they were.'
224:39
or ‘No, they weren't.’
4109
13479120
1680
or 'No, they weren't.'
224:41
However, look at the third sentence.
4110
13481680
2160
However, look at the third sentence.
224:44
‘Sam lived here.’
4111
13484399
1280
'Sam lived here.'
224:46
There is no 'be' verb in this sentence.
4112
13486319
2960
There is no 'be' verb in this sentence.
224:49
Instead, we see the action verb ‘lived’.
4113
13489279
2960
Instead, we see the action verb 'lived'.
224:52
So what we do is no matter what the subject,
4114
13492800
3520
So what we do is no matter what the subject,
224:56
we start the question with ‘did’.
4115
13496319
1920
we start the question with 'did'.
224:59
‘Did Sam live here?’
4116
13499120
2319
'Did Sam live here?'
225:01
You'll notice that the verb no longer is in the past tense.
4117
13501439
4721
You'll notice that the verb no longer is in the past tense.
225:06
We use the base form of the verb.
4118
13506160
2239
We use the base form of the verb.
225:09
‘Did Sam live here?’
4119
13509040
1840
'Did Sam live here?'
225:11
You can say ‘Yes, he did.’
4120
13511520
2480
You can say 'Yes, he did.'
225:14
or ‘No, he didn't.’
4121
13514000
1760
or 'No, he didn't.'
225:16
The last sentence is similar.
4122
13516640
2160
The last sentence is similar.
225:18
‘They won the contest last year.’
4123
13518800
2320
'They won the contest last year.'
225:21
The verb here is ‘won’, that's not a 'be' verb.
4124
13521840
4320
The verb here is 'won', that's not a 'be' verb.
225:26
So again, we start the question with ‘did’ .
4125
13526160
3359
So again, we start the question with 'did' .
225:29
And then the subject ‘they’, we use the base form of the verb and that's ‘win’.
4126
13529520
6641
And then the subject 'they', we use the base form of the verb and that's 'win'.
225:36
‘Did they win the contest last year?’
4127
13536880
2960
'Did they win the contest last year?'
225:39
You can say, ‘Yes, they did.’
4128
13539840
2160
You can say, 'Yes, they did.'
225:42
or ‘No, they didn't.’
4129
13542000
1600
or 'No, they didn't.'
225:44
Let's move on.
4130
13544319
1120
āĻšāĻ˛ āĻāĻ—ā§‹āĻ‡.
225:45
Now I'll introduce how to create an answer WH questions in the past simple tense.
4131
13545439
6641
Now I'll introduce how to create an answer WH questions in the past simple tense.
225:52
Take a look at the board.
4132
13552640
1680
Take a look at the board.
225:54
We have some WH words here.
4133
13554319
2240
We have some WH words here.
225:57
‘What’ ‘When’
4134
13557279
1200
'What' 'When'
225:59
‘Where’ and ‘Why’
4135
13559040
1120
'Where' and 'Why'
226:00
You'll notice that after each WH word comes the word ‘did’.
4136
13560960
4239
You'll notice that after each WH word comes the word 'did'.
226:05
‘What did’ ‘When did’
4137
13565840
2320
'What did' 'When did'
226:08
‘Where did’ and ‘Why did’.
4138
13568160
2000
'Where did' and 'Why did'.
226:11
What comes after that the subject and then the base form of the verb.
4139
13571040
5680
What comes after that the subject and then the base form of the verb.
226:16
So, let's take a look.
4140
13576720
1600
So, let's take a look.
226:19
‘What did you do last night?’
4141
13579120
2720
'What did you do last night?'
226:22
‘What did you do last night?’
4142
13582560
1440
'What did you do last night?'
226:24
I can answer by saying something like, ‘I watched a movie.’
4143
13584800
4160
I can answer by saying something like, 'I watched a movie.'
226:28
Or ‘I read a book.’
4144
13588960
1520
Or 'I read a book.'
226:31
You'll notice that the answer is in the past simple tense.
4145
13591199
4881
You'll notice that the answer is in the past simple tense.
226:36
‘When did you get home last night?’
4146
13596080
1760
'When did you get home last night?'
226:38
‘I got home at 10 p.m.’
4147
13598560
2000
'I got home at 10 pm'
226:42
‘Where did they eat lunch?’
4148
13602080
2080
'Where did they eat lunch?'
226:44
‘They ate lunch at home.’
4149
13604160
1840
'They ate lunch at home.'
226:46
Again, ‘ate’ is the past tense of ‘eat’.
4150
13606640
3521
Again, 'ate' is the past tense of 'eat'.
226:50
Answer in the past simple tense.
4151
13610160
2159
Answer in the past simple tense.
226:52
And finally, ‘Why did the company hire him?’
4152
13612880
3200
And finally, 'Why did the company hire him?'
226:56
‘The company hired him because he's a hard worker.’
4153
13616880
3680
'The company hired him because he's a hard worker.'
227:01
Let's move on.
4154
13621439
800
āĻšāĻ˛ āĻāĻ—ā§‹āĻ‡.
227:02
In this first checkup, we'll take a look at
4155
13622800
2640
In this first checkup, we'll take a look at
227:05
practice questions using the 'be' verb in the past simple tense.
4156
13625439
4000
practice questions using the 'be' verb in the past simple tense.
227:10
Remember the 'be' verbs in the past simple tense are ‘was’ or ‘were’.
4157
13630160
4960
Remember the 'be' verbs in the past simple tense are 'was' or 'were'.
227:15
Let's take a look at the first sentence.
4158
13635680
2560
āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¯āĻŸāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŦāĻžāĻ° āĻĻā§‡āĻ–ā§‡ āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•āĨ¤
227:18
‘He __ at work earlier.’
4159
13638239
2320
'He __ at work earlier.'
227:21
The subject here is ‘we’.
4160
13641199
1521
The subject here is 'we'.
227:23
So do we use ‘was’ or ‘were’?
4161
13643359
2960
So do we use 'was' or 'were'?
227:26
The correct answer is ‘was’.
4162
13646319
2320
The correct answer is 'was'.
227:29
‘He was at work earlier.’
4163
13649439
2800
'He was at work earlier.'
227:32
The next sentence says,
4164
13652880
1520
The next sentence says,
227:34
‘We _____ very happy yesterday.’
4165
13654399
3040
'We _____ very happy yesterday.'
227:38
If the subject is ‘we’, remember the be verb is ‘were’.
4166
13658080
4399
If the subject is 'we', remember the be verb is 'were'.
227:44
‘We were very happy yesterday.’
4167
13664880
2640
'We were very happy yesterday.'
227:48
Next, ‘My parents or they __ worried about me.’
4168
13668399
5040
Next, 'My parents or they __ worried about me.'
227:54
If it's 'they', remember we have to say ‘were’.
4169
13674479
3840
If it's 'they', remember we have to say 'were'.
227:59
‘My parents were worried about me.’
4170
13679279
2240
'My parents were worried about me.'
228:02
If I want to use the negative, I can also say ‘My parents weren't worried about me.’
4171
13682239
5521
If I want to use the negative, I can also say 'My parents weren't worried about me.'
228:07
And that's possible.
4172
13687760
1040
And that's possible.
228:09
Now I want you to find the mistake in the next sentence.
4173
13689600
4240
Now I want you to find the mistake in the next sentence.
228:14
‘We wasn't good students.’
4174
13694720
2000
'We wasn't good students.'
228:17
We wasn't good students.
4175
13697680
1840
We wasn't good students.
228:20
Can you figure out what's wrong?
4176
13700160
1600
Can you figure out what's wrong?
228:22
The subject here is ‘we’, so we don't say ‘was not’.
4177
13702640
4560
The subject here is 'we', so we don't say 'was not'.
228:27
We need to say ‘were not’ or the contraction ‘weren't’.
4178
13707199
4160
We need to say 'were not' or the contraction 'weren't'.
228:34
‘We weren't good students,’ is the correct answer.
4179
13714000
4640
'We weren't good students,' is the correct answer.
228:39
The next one says, ‘Were she a teacher?’
4180
13719279
2561
The next one says, 'Were she a teacher?'
228:42
Now, this is a question so the be verb comes at the beginning.
4181
13722960
4160
Now, this is a question so the be verb comes at the beginning.
228:47
That's correct, but the subject here is ‘she’.
4182
13727120
3439
That's correct, but the subject here is 'she'.
228:51
Therefore, we need to start with ‘was’.
4183
13731359
3360
Therefore, we need to start with 'was'.
228:55
‘Was she a teacher?’
4184
13735439
1360
'Was she a teacher?'
228:57
And finally,
4185
13737920
800
And finally,
228:59
‘They wasn't at school.’
4186
13739279
1841
'They wasn't at school.'
229:02
The subject is ‘they’, so the answer is
4187
13742080
8000
The subject is 'they', so the answer is
229:10
‘They weren't at school.’
4188
13750080
2560
'They weren't at school.'
229:12
You can use the contraction ‘weren't’ or ‘were not’.
4189
13752640
3600
You can use the contraction 'weren't' or 'were not'.
229:16
Let's move on to the next checkup.
4190
13756960
1760
āĻāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§€ āĻšā§‡āĻ•āĻ†āĻĒā§‡ āĻāĻ—āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•āĨ¤
229:19
Now, let's practice regular verbs in the past simple tense.
4191
13759920
4800
Now, let's practice regular verbs in the past simple tense.
229:24
Take a look at the first sentence.
4192
13764720
1760
āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¯āĻŸāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŦāĻžāĻ° āĻĻā§‡āĻ–ā§āĻ¨āĨ¤
229:27
‘He ____ at home.’
4193
13767040
1680
'He ____ at home.'
229:29
The verb is ‘study’.
4194
13769359
1681
The verb is 'study'.
229:31
Remember, when changing a regular verb into
4195
13771840
2960
Remember, when changing a regular verb into
229:34
the past tense, we add ‘d’ or ‘ed’ to the end of the
4196
13774800
4240
the past tense, we add 'd' or 'ed' to the end of the
229:39
verb.
4197
13779040
319
229:39
However, there's a separate rule for words that end in ‘y’.
4198
13779920
4399
verb.
However, there's a separate rule for words that end in 'y'.
229:44
Such as, ‘study’.
4199
13784319
1280
Such as, 'study'.
229:46
We drop the ‘y’ and we add ‘ied’.
4200
13786160
3199
We drop the 'y' and we add 'ied'.
229:50
So the correct answer is,
4201
13790000
2080
So the correct answer is,
229:52
‘He studied at home.’
4202
13792080
4000
'He studied at home.'
229:57
The next sentence says, ‘We __ pencils.’
4203
13797040
3359
The next sentence says, 'We __ pencils.'
230:01
We want to use negative because it says ‘not use’.
4204
13801120
3600
We want to use negative because it says 'not use'.
230:05
Remember for the negative, we always use ‘did not’, no matter what the subject.
4205
13805520
5920
Remember for the negative, we always use 'did not', no matter what the subject.
230:15
You can also use the contraction ‘didn't’.
4206
13815040
2479
You can also use the contraction 'didn't'.
230:18
Now, what do we do to the verb?
4207
13818319
2400
Now, what do we do to the verb?
230:20
We keep it as ‘is’.
4208
13820720
1920
We keep it as 'is'.
230:22
We do not change it.
4209
13822640
1440
We do not change it.
230:25
‘We didn't’ or ‘We did not’ use pencils.
4210
13825120
3840
'We didn't' or 'We did not' use pencils.
230:30
The next sentence says, ‘His friends or they walk to the gym.’
4211
13830000
5600
The next sentence says, 'His friends or they walk to the gym.'
230:36
What's the past tense of ‘walk’?
4212
13836479
2000
What's the past tense of 'walk'?
230:39
We simply have to add ‘ed’ because it's a regular verb.
4213
13839040
4319
We simply have to add 'ed' because it's a regular verb.
230:47
‘His friends walked to the gym.’
4214
13847439
2160
'His friends walked to the gym.'
230:50
Now, find a mistake in the next sentence.
4215
13850640
2800
Now, find a mistake in the next sentence.
230:56
‘She didn't likes math.’
4216
13856239
2240
'She didn't likes math.'
230:59
‘didn't’ is correct.
4217
13859520
1680
'didn't' is correct.
231:01
However, remember we keep the verb as ‘is’ in the base form.
4218
13861760
5280
However, remember we keep the verb as 'is' in the base form.
231:07
So we don't say ‘likes’.
4219
13867040
2239
So we don't say 'likes'.
231:09
We say ‘like’.
4220
13869279
1440
We say 'like'.
231:11
‘She didn't like math.’
4221
13871439
1521
'She didn't like math.'
231:13
The next sentence says, ‘Did it rained this morning?’
4222
13873840
3439
The next sentence says, 'Did it rained this morning?'
231:17
Now this is a question.
4223
13877840
1439
Now this is a question.
231:19
In a question, it’s right to start the sentence with ‘Did’.
4224
13879920
3439
In a question, it's right to start the sentence with 'Did'.
231:24
‘Did it rained?’
4225
13884319
960
'Did it rained?'
231:26
Do you notice the mistake?
4226
13886160
1279
Do you notice the mistake?
231:28
Remember, we do not use the past tense form in the question.
4227
13888319
5681
Remember, we do not use the past tense form in the question.
231:34
We use the base form of the verb.
4228
13894000
2640
We use the base form of the verb.
231:36
‘Did it rain this morning?’
4229
13896640
1521
'Did it rain this morning?'
231:39
And finally, ‘They not play the piano.’
4230
13899040
3439
And finally, 'They not play the piano.'
231:43
The verb is an action verb.
4231
13903279
2320
The verb is an action verb.
231:45
So we need a ‘did’ in front of ‘not’.
4232
13905600
3040
So we need a 'did' in front of 'not'.
231:50
‘They did not play the piano.’
4233
13910560
2640
'They did not play the piano.'
231:54
Let's move on to the next checkup.
4234
13914080
1840
āĻāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§€ āĻšā§‡āĻ•āĻ†āĻĒā§‡ āĻāĻ—āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•āĨ¤
231:56
Now, I'll talk about irregular verbs in the past simple tense.
4235
13916640
4640
Now, I'll talk about irregular verbs in the past simple tense.
232:01
Take a look at the first sentence.
4236
13921279
1841
āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¯āĻŸāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŦāĻžāĻ° āĻĻā§‡āĻ–ā§āĻ¨āĨ¤
232:03
‘He __ to school.’
4237
13923680
1680
'He __ to school.'
232:06
And the verb is ‘run’.
4238
13926000
1359
And the verb is 'run'.
232:08
‘run’ is an irregular verb, so the past tense form is ‘ran’.
4239
13928239
4960
'run' is an irregular verb, so the past tense form is 'ran'.
232:15
‘He ran to school.’
4240
13935199
1761
'He ran to school.'
232:18
The next sentence says, ‘We __ flowers.’
4241
13938080
3199
The next sentence says, 'We __ flowers.'
232:21
We want to use the negative because here it says ‘not grow’.
4242
13941840
4000
We want to use the negative because here it says 'not grow'.
232:26
Remember, no matter what the subject in the negative form,
4243
13946479
4240
Remember, no matter what the subject in the negative form,
232:30
we say ‘did not’
4244
13950720
1520
we say 'did not'
232:35
or ‘didn't’.
4245
13955680
1280
or 'didn't'.
232:37
Then we keep the verb in its base form.
4246
13957920
3120
Then we keep the verb in its base form.
232:44
‘We did not grow’ or ‘We didn't grow flowers.’
4247
13964239
4160
'We did not grow' or 'We didn't grow flowers.'
232:49
The next sentence says, ‘Where __ you teach last year?’
4248
13969279
5040
The next sentence says, 'Where __ you teach last year?'
232:54
This is a question.
4249
13974319
1360
This is a question.
232:56
Again, all we need to put is ‘did’.
4250
13976399
4000
Again, all we need to put is 'did'.
233:01
‘Where did you teach last year?’
4251
13981199
2480
'Where did you teach last year?'
233:03
It doesn't matter what the subject is.
4252
13983680
2480
It doesn't matter what the subject is.
233:06
We always go with ‘did’.
4253
13986160
1840
We always go with 'did'.
233:09
Next, try to find the mistake in the next sentence.
4254
13989040
3279
Next, try to find the mistake in the next sentence.
233:12
‘He didn't sold newspapers.’
4255
13992960
2160
'He didn't sold newspapers.'
233:16
Remember, in the negative, ‘didn't’ is correct for whatever subject there is.
4256
13996399
5840
Remember, in the negative, 'didn't' is correct for whatever subject there is.
233:22
However, we need to keep the verb in its base form.
4257
14002960
3520
However, we need to keep the verb in its base form.
233:27
So the correct answer is, ‘He didn't sell newspapers.’
4258
14007439
4641
So the correct answer is, 'He didn't sell newspapers.'
233:32
The next sentence says, ‘Did she sing a song?’
4259
14012960
3600
The next sentence says, 'Did she sing a song?'
233:37
You'll notice it's a similar problem here.
4260
14017279
2561
You'll notice it's a similar problem here.
233:40
‘sang’ is the irregular past tense form of ‘sing’.
4261
14020640
3440
'sang' is the irregular past tense form of 'sing'.
233:44
But in a question, if it starts with ‘did’,
4262
14024720
3680
But in a question, if it starts with 'did',
233:48
we use the base form.
4263
14028399
1440
we use the base form.
233:50
‘Did she sing a song?’
4264
14030640
2960
'Did she sing a song?'
233:54
And finally, ‘We taked it home.’
4265
14034720
2800
And finally, 'We taked it home.'
233:58
Does that sound right?
4266
14038479
1200
Does that sound right?
234:00
‘taked’ is not correct.
4267
14040640
1920
'taked' is not correct.
234:03
The past tense of ‘take’ is ‘took’.
4268
14043120
4000
The past tense of 'take' is 'took'.
234:08
‘We took it home.’
4269
14048160
1680
'We took it home.'
234:10
Great job, everyone.
4270
14050720
1360
Great job, everyone.
234:12
Let's move on.
4271
14052080
1119
āĻšāĻ˛ āĻāĻ—ā§‹āĻ‡.
234:13
Wow, we learned a lot in this video.
4272
14053199
2881
Wow, we learned a lot in this video.
234:16
Keep studying and reviewing the past simple tense.
4273
14056720
3600
Keep studying and reviewing the past simple tense.
234:20
It's an essential tense that will help you talk about the past.
4274
14060319
3920
It's an essential tense that will help you talk about the past.
234:24
Keep studying English and I'll see you in the next video.
4275
14064880
3359
Keep studying English and I'll see you in the next video.
234:28
Bye. 
4276
14068239
3601
āĻŦāĻŋāĻĻāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤
234:37
Hi, everybody.
4277
14077680
1120
āĻ¸āĻŦāĻžāĻ‡ āĻ•ā§‡āĻŽāĻ¨ āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡āĻ¨.
234:38
I'm Esther.
4278
14078800
1280
āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ‡āĻ¸ā§āĻŸāĻžāĻ°āĨ¤
234:40
In this video.
4279
14080080
1119
In this video.
234:41
I will introduce the past continuous tense.
4280
14081199
2801
I will introduce the past continuous tense.
234:44
This tense can be used to describe an action that was ongoing in the past.
4281
14084720
5040
This tense can be used to describe an action that was ongoing in the past.
234:50
It can also be used to describe two actions happening at the same time in the past.
4282
14090319
5601
It can also be used to describe two actions happening at the same time in the past.
234:56
There's a lot to learn so let's get started.
4283
14096560
3280
There's a lot to learn so let's get started.
235:02
Let's take a look at the first usage of the past continuous tense.
4284
14102800
4080
Let's take a look at the first usage of the past continuous tense.
235:07
This tense can be used to describe an action that was ongoing in the past.
4285
14107680
5040
This tense can be used to describe an action that was ongoing in the past.
235:13
Let's take a look at these examples.
4286
14113279
1920
āĻ†āĻ¸ā§āĻ¨ āĻāĻ‡ āĻ‰āĻĻāĻžāĻšāĻ°āĻŖāĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋ āĻ•āĻŸāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻĒāĻžāĻ¤ āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•.
235:15
‘I was walking in the park in the evening.’
4287
14115920
3040
'I was walking in the park in the evening.'
235:19
So first we start with the subject, ‘I’.
4288
14119920
2720
So first we start with the subject, 'I'.
235:23
For I, he, she, and it, we follow with ‘was’.
4289
14123600
4640
For I, he, she, and it, we follow with 'was'.
235:28
‘I was’
4290
14128960
800
'I was'
235:30
And then we add an ‘ING’ to the end of the verb.
4291
14130479
3840
And then we add an 'ING' to the end of the verb.
235:34
‘I was walking’
4292
14134960
1520
'I was walking'
235:37
Now take a look at the whole sentence.
4293
14137279
1920
Now take a look at the whole sentence.
235:39
‘I was walking in the park in the evening.’
4294
14139840
2800
'I was walking in the park in the evening.'
235:43
You can see that this was an ongoing action and it happened in the past.
4295
14143359
5601
You can see that this was an ongoing action and it happened in the past.
235:50
Let's look at the next example.
4296
14150080
1760
Let's look at the next example.
235:52
‘She was living here last year.’
4297
14152720
3440
'She was living here last year.'
235:56
Here, the subject is ‘she’.
4298
14156160
1920
Here, the subject is 'she'.
235:58
So again we use ‘was’ and then ‘verb-ing’.
4299
14158080
3760
So again we use 'was' and then 'verb-ing'.
236:02
Here we have another expression that shows that this action was happening in the past.
4300
14162800
7040
Here we have another expression that shows that this action was happening in the past.
236:09
‘The dog,’ or ‘it’, ‘was eating dinner five minutes ago.’
4301
14169840
5280
'The dog,' or 'it', 'was eating dinner five minutes ago.'
236:16
The subject here is ‘the dog’ which can be replaced by the pronoun ‘it’.
4302
14176000
5359
The subject here is 'the dog' which can be replaced by the pronoun 'it'.
236:21
And so we follow with ‘was’.
4303
14181359
2480
And so we follow with 'was'.
236:24
And finally, ‘Andy and Jim,’ we can replace this with ‘they’.
4304
14184479
5360
And finally, 'Andy and Jim,' we can replace this with 'they'.
236:30
For ‘you’, ‘we’ and ‘they’, we use ‘were’.
4305
14190800
4160
For 'you', 'we' and 'they', we use 'were'.
236:35
‘They were’, or ‘Andy and Jim were working at 9:00 p.m.’
4306
14195760
5120
'They were', or 'Andy and Jim were working at 9:00 pm'
236:42
Let's move on.
4307
14202080
720
Let's move on.
236:43
The past continuous tense is also used to describe an ongoing
4308
14203359
4561
The past continuous tense is also used to describe an ongoing
236:47
action in the past that was interrupted by another action.
4309
14207920
3920
action in the past that was interrupted by another action.
236:52
This interrupting action is used in the past simple tense with the word ‘when’.
4310
14212640
5280
This interrupting action is used in the past simple tense with the word 'when'.
236:58
Let's take a look at this example.
4311
14218720
1680
Let's take a look at this example.
237:01
‘I was playing cards when you called.’
4312
14221120
2479
'I was playing cards when you called.'
237:04
Again we start with the subject ‘was’ or ‘were’,
4313
14224479
4160
Again we start with the subject 'was' or 'were',
237:08
and then ‘verb-ing’,
4314
14228640
1600
and then 'verb-ing',
237:11
so this is the action that was ongoing in the past,
4315
14231199
4240
so this is the action that was ongoing in the past,
237:15
‘I was playing cards’
4316
14235439
1360
'I was playing cards'
237:17
The interrupting action in this sentence is ‘you called’.
4317
14237439
4160
The interrupting action in this sentence is 'you called'.
237:22
You'll notice I use the word ‘when’ to show the interrupting action’
4318
14242239
4801
You'll notice I use the word 'when' to show the interrupting action'
237:27
And I used it in the past simple tense, ‘called’.
4319
14247040
3600
And I used it in the past simple tense, 'called'.
237:32
Let's take a look at the next sentence.
4320
14252080
1760
Let's take a look at the next sentence.
237:34
‘The cat' or 'it' was eating when Eric came home.’
4321
14254479
4480
'The cat' or 'it' was eating when Eric came home.'
237:39
Again the action in progress is ‘the cat was eating’.
4322
14259920
4560
Again the action in progress is 'the cat was eating'.
237:45
And ‘Eric came home’, you'll notice the past simple tense.
4323
14265199
4801
And 'Eric came home', you'll notice the past simple tense.
237:50
This is the interrupting action used with the word ‘when’.
4324
14270000
3840
This is the interrupting action used with the word 'when'.
237:55
‘We were sleeping when Anne arrived.’
4325
14275279
2480
'We were sleeping when Anne arrived.'
237:58
Again we have the ongoing action in the past.
4326
14278479
3360
Again we have the ongoing action in the past.
238:02
The subject here is ‘we’.
4327
14282560
1601
The subject here is 'we'.
238:04
And so we used ‘were’ and then ‘verb-ing’.
4328
14284160
4479
And so we used 'were' and then 'verb-ing'.
238:09
‘When Anne arrived’ is the interrupting action.
4329
14289760
3200
'When Anne arrived' is the interrupting action.
238:13
And finally, ‘Alicia and I’, or ‘We' were walking when we saw Mark.’
4330
14293840
6560
And finally, 'Alicia and I', or 'We' were walking when we saw Mark.'
238:21
‘When we saw Mark’ is the interrupting action that interrupted the ongoing ‘Alicia
4331
14301439
5681
'When we saw Mark' is the interrupting action that interrupted the ongoing 'Alicia
238:27
and I were walking’.
4332
14307120
1439
and I were walking'.
238:29
It's also important to note that we can also switch the order of the sentence around and
4333
14309359
5920
It's also important to note that we can also switch the order of the sentence around and
238:35
say,
4334
14315279
561
238:35
‘When you called, I was playing cards,’
4335
14315840
3120
say,
'When you called, I was playing cards,'
238:38
or ‘When Eric came home, the cat was eating.’
4336
14318960
3600
or 'When Eric came home, the cat was eating.'
238:43
Let's move on.
4337
14323520
800
āĻšāĻ˛ āĻāĻ—ā§‹āĻ‡.
238:45
Another usage for the past continuous tense is to talk about two actions that were
4338
14325199
5521
Another usage for the past continuous tense is to talk about two actions that were
238:50
happening at the same time in the past.
4339
14330720
2479
happening at the same time in the past.
238:53
We use the past continuous tense for both actions with the word ‘while’.
4340
14333920
4960
We use the past continuous tense for both actions with the word 'while'.
238:59
Let's take a look at some examples.
4341
14339760
1920
āĻ†āĻ¸ā§āĻ¨ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ›ā§ āĻ‰āĻĻāĻžāĻšāĻ°āĻŖ āĻĻā§‡āĻ–ā§‡ āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•āĨ¤
239:02
The first sentence says, ‘While I was playing soccer, she was watching
4342
14342560
4960
The first sentence says, 'While I was playing soccer, she was watching
239:07
me.’
4343
14347520
160
me.'
239:08
You'll notice that both actions are in the past continuous tense.
4344
14348399
4480
You'll notice that both actions are in the past continuous tense.
239:13
‘I was playing soccer’ and ‘She was watching me’.
4345
14353439
3360
'I was playing soccer' and 'She was watching me'.
239:17
The word ‘while’ at the beginning shows that these actions were happening at the sametime.
4346
14357520
5680
The word 'while' at the beginning shows that these actions were happening at the sametime.
239:24
‘While you were reading, I was preparing dinner.’
4347
14364800
3200
'While you were reading, I was preparing dinner.'
239:28
Again both actions are expressed in the past continuous tense.
4348
14368800
4560
Again both actions are expressed in the past continuous tense.
239:34
The word ‘while’ shows that they were happening at the same time.
4349
14374080
3920
The word 'while' shows that they were happening at the same time.
239:39
‘While Her husband’ or ‘he’, ‘was driving
4350
14379600
3440
'While Her husband' or 'he', 'was driving
239:43
she was taking pictures.’
4351
14383680
1840
she was taking pictures.'
239:46
Both actions are in the past continuous tense.
4352
14386479
3200
Both actions are in the past continuous tense.
239:50
And finally,
4353
14390399
721
And finally,
239:51
‘While we were eating, the music was playing.’
4354
14391760
3280
'While we were eating, the music was playing.'
239:56
Both actions were happening at the same time.
4355
14396000
2800
Both actions were happening at the same time.
239:59
Now, you'll notice that in my examples the word ‘while’ comes at the beginning,
4356
14399840
5600
Now, you'll notice that in my examples the word 'while' comes at the beginning,
240:06
however, it's important to note that you can move the word ‘while’ around in several
4357
14406080
5119
however, it's important to note that you can move the word 'while' around in several
240:11
ways.
4358
14411199
400
ways.
240:12
For example, instead of saying this,
4359
14412239
2881
For example, instead of saying this,
240:15
‘While I was playing soccer, she was watching me.’
4360
14415120
3359
'While I was playing soccer, she was watching me.'
240:18
I can move ‘while’ to the middle of the sentence.
4361
14418479
2641
I can move 'while' to the middle of the sentence.
240:21
‘I was playing soccer while she was watching me.’
4362
14421760
3120
'I was playing soccer while she was watching me.'
240:25
I can put the ‘while’ between the two actions.
4363
14425600
2640
I can put the 'while' between the two actions.
240:29
Or I can also change the sentence around and say,
4364
14429040
3680
Or I can also change the sentence around and say,
240:32
‘While she was watching me, I was playing soccer.’
4365
14432720
3120
'While she was watching me, I was playing soccer.'
240:36
So it doesn't matter which action comes first with the ‘while’ if you put it in the
4366
14436479
5040
So it doesn't matter which action comes first with the 'while' if you put it in the
240:41
beginning.
4367
14441520
480
beginning.
240:42
Let's move on.
4368
14442960
800
āĻšāĻ˛ āĻāĻ—ā§‹āĻ‡.
240:44
Now let's talk about the negative form of the past continuous tense.
4369
14444319
5200
Now let's talk about the negative form of the past continuous tense.
240:49
Here are some examples.
4370
14449520
1440
Here are some examples.
240:51
‘She was not reading last night.’
4371
14451520
2320
'She was not reading last night.'
240:54
The subject is ‘she’ and so we use ‘was’.
4372
14454560
3360
The subject is 'she' and so we use 'was'.
240:58
However, before the ‘verb-ing’, we add ‘not’.
4373
14458800
4080
However, before the 'verb-ing', we add 'not'.
241:03
‘She was not reading last night.’
4374
14463439
2400
'She was not reading last night.'
241:06
I can use a contraction and say,
4375
14466479
2561
I can use a contraction and say,
241:09
‘She wasn't reading last night.’
4376
14469040
2319
'She wasn't reading last night.'
241:12
‘We were not listening to music this morning.’
4377
14472720
14880
'We were not listening to music this morning.'
241:27
In this case, the subject is ‘we’ and so we use ‘were’.
4378
14487600
248
241:27
Again ‘not’ comes before the ‘verb-ing’.
4379
14487847
192
In this case, the subject is 'we' and so we use 'were'. Again 'not' comes before the 'verb-ing'.
241:28
‘We were not listening to music this morning.’
4380
14488039
200
241:28
Again I can use a contraction and say,
4381
14488239
2881
'We were not listening to music this morning.' Again I can use a contraction and say,
241:31
‘We weren't listening to music this morning.’
4382
14491120
2640
'We weren't listening to music this morning.'
241:34
And the next one says, ‘He wasn't watching TV when his dad came
4383
14494720
5040
And the next one says, 'He wasn't watching TV when his dad came
241:39
home.’
4384
14499760
240
home.'
241:40
In this example, the contraction is already there for you,
4385
14500960
3840
In this example, the contraction is already there for you,
241:44
‘He wasn't watching TV’.
4386
14504800
1600
'He wasn't watching TV'.
241:47
You'll notice the word ‘when’.
4387
14507279
1681
You'll notice the word 'when'.
241:49
Remember ‘when’ + ‘a past simple tense verb’ shows an interrupting action,
4388
14509920
5840
Remember 'when' + 'a past simple tense verb' shows an interrupting action,
241:56
so, ‘When his dad came home he wasn't watching TV.’
4389
14516319
3920
so, 'When his dad came home he wasn't watching TV.'
242:00
He was doing something else.
4390
14520880
1280
He was doing something else.
242:03
And finally,
4391
14523040
1199
And finally,
242:04
‘They weren't talking while the game was playing.’
4392
14524239
2960
'They weren't talking while the game was playing.'
242:08
The word ‘while’ is in this sentence.
4393
14528000
2880
The word 'while' is in this sentence.
242:10
Remember that shows 2 past ongoing actions happening at the same time,
4394
14530880
6399
Remember that shows 2 past ongoing actions happening at the same time,
242:17
so ‘While the game was playing they weren't talking’.
4395
14537279
3761
so 'While the game was playing they weren't talking'.
242:21
They were doing something else.
4396
14541040
1279
They were doing something else.
242:23
Let's move on now.
4397
14543120
2000
Let's move on now.
242:25
Let's talk about how to form ‘be’ verb questions for the past continuous tense.
4398
14545120
4960
Let's talk about how to form 'be' verb questions for the past continuous tense.
242:30
Take a look at the first statement.
4399
14550720
2160
Take a look at the first statement.
242:32
It says,
4400
14552880
1120
It says,
242:34
‘It was raining this morning.’
4401
14554000
1600
'It was raining this morning.'
242:36
In order to turn this into a question, it's quite easy,
4402
14556399
3601
In order to turn this into a question, it's quite easy,
242:40
all we have to do is change the order of the first two words.
4403
14560560
3680
all we have to do is change the order of the first two words.
242:44
Instead of ‘It was’, I now say ‘Was it’ to make it a question.
4404
14564800
4960
Instead of 'It was', I now say 'Was it' to make it a question.
242:50
You'll notice that the rest of the words stay in the same place.
4405
14570399
3761
You'll notice that the rest of the words stay in the same place.
242:54
‘Was it raining this morning?’
4406
14574960
1600
'Was it raining this morning?'
242:57
You can answer by saying, ‘Yes, it was.’ or ‘No, it wasn't.’
4407
14577359
4561
You can answer by saying, 'Yes, it was.' or 'No, it wasn't.'
243:02
The next statement says,
4408
14582960
1680
The next statement says,
243:04
‘They were living there when the fire happened.’
4409
14584640
2640
'They were living there when the fire happened.'
243:07
To turn this into a big question, again we just switched the order of the first two words.
4410
14587920
6080
To turn this into a big question, again we just switched the order of the first two words.
243:14
Instead of ‘They were’, we say ‘Were they’.
4411
14594560
2880
Instead of 'They were', we say 'Were they'.
243:18
And again, the rest of the words can stay in the same place.
4412
14598239
3681
And again, the rest of the words can stay in the same place.
243:22
‘Were they living there when the fire happened?’
4413
14602720
2560
'Were they living there when the fire happened?'
243:26
And you can answer by saying,
4414
14606000
1600
And you can answer by saying,
243:27
‘Yes, they were’ or ‘No, they weren't.’
4415
14607600
2800
'Yes, they were' or 'No, they weren't.'
243:31
Let's continue on.
4416
14611040
1040
āĻšāĻ˛ā§āĻ¨ āĻšāĻžāĻ˛āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨.
243:33
Now I'll go into how to make WH questions for the past continuous tense.
4417
14613120
5600
Now I'll go into how to make WH questions for the past continuous tense.
243:39
You'll notice that the examples here all begin with some WH words.
4418
14619279
5280
You'll notice that the examples here all begin with some WH words.
243:44
For example, ‘what’, ‘where’, ‘why’, and ‘who’.
4419
14624560
4720
For example, 'what', 'where', 'why', and 'who'.
243:50
Let's take a look at the first question.
4420
14630080
1760
Let's take a look at the first question.
243:52
‘What were they doing last night?”
4421
14632800
1920
'What were they doing last night?”
243:55
The subject of this sentence is ‘they’.
4422
14635600
2640
āĻāĻ‡ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¯ā§‡āĻ° āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇāĻ¯āĻŧ 'āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž'āĨ¤
243:59
So what you do is after the WH word you put the proper ‘be’ verb.
4423
14639199
5521
So what you do is after the WH word you put the proper 'be' verb.
244:04
In this case, ‘were’.
4424
14644720
1360
In this case, 'were'.
244:06
‘What were they doing last night?’
4425
14646960
1920
'What were they doing last night?'
244:09
You'll notice that after the subject comes the ‘verb-ing’.
4426
14649520
3680
You'll notice that after the subject comes the 'verb-ing'.
244:14
‘What were they doing last night?’
4427
14654160
1840
'What were they doing last night?'
244:16
I can answer by saying, ‘They were playing games’ or
4428
14656720
4080
I can answer by saying, 'They were playing games' or
244:20
‘They were reading a book’.
4429
14660800
1280
'They were reading a book'.
244:23
The next question says,
4430
14663120
1279
The next question says,
244:25
‘Where was he working last week?’
4431
14665040
11520
'Where was he working last week?'
244:45
In this case the subject is ‘he’ and so the be verb to use is ‘was’.
4432
14685920
3104
In this case the subject is 'he' and so the be verb to use is 'was'.
244:49
‘Where was he working last week?’
4433
14689024
37
244:49
I can say, ‘He was working in Canada.’
4434
14689061
42
244:49
‘Why was she crying when she finished the book?’
4435
14689103
51
244:49
In this case, the subject is ‘she’ and so I put ‘was’ after ‘why’.
4436
14689154
2285
'Where was he working last week?' I can say, 'He was working in Canada.'
'Why was she crying when she finished the book?' In this case, the subject is 'she' and so I put 'was' after 'why'.
244:52
‘Why was she crying when she finished the book?’
4437
14692479
2720
'Why was she crying when she finished the book?'
244:55
I can say, ‘She was crying because the ending was sad.’
4438
14695920
4399
I can say, 'She was crying because the ending was sad.'
245:01
And finally,
4439
14701199
641
And finally,
245:02
‘Who were the children staying with while their mom was working?’
4440
14702479
4160
'Who were the children staying with while their mom was working?'
245:07
In this case, ‘the children’ is a ‘they’
4441
14707359
3840
In this case, 'the children' is a 'they'
245:11
so we follow 'who' with ‘were’.
4442
14711199
2320
so we follow 'who' with 'were'.
245:14
‘Who were they’ or
4443
14714160
2239
'Who were they' or
245:16
‘Who were the children staying with while their mom was working?’
4444
14716399
4240
'Who were the children staying with while their mom was working?'
245:21
To answer, I can say, ‘The children’ or
4445
14721520
3200
To answer, I can say, 'The children' or
245:24
‘They were staying with their dad.’
4446
14724720
2320
'They were staying with their dad.'
245:27
Let's move on.
4447
14727840
800
āĻšāĻ˛ āĻāĻ—ā§‹āĻ‡.
245:29
In this section, let's do a checkup for the past continuous tense.
4448
14729199
4320
In this section, let's do a checkup for the past continuous tense.
245:34
Take a look at the first sentence.
4449
14734399
1840
āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¯āĻŸāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŦāĻžāĻ° āĻĻā§‡āĻ–ā§āĻ¨āĨ¤
245:37
‘Last night they were blank at school.’
4450
14737120
2960
'Last night they were blank at school.'
245:40
I want you to try to fill in the blank with the negative for the verb ‘stay’.
4451
14740960
4720
I want you to try to fill in the blank with the negative for the verb 'stay'.
245:46
‘not stay’
4452
14746239
721
'not stay'
245:47
What do you think it is?
4453
14747760
1120
What do you think it is?
245:50
Remember, for the negative of the past continuous,
4454
14750000
3279
Remember, for the negative of the past continuous,
245:53
all you have to do is put ‘not’ and then ‘verb-ing’ after the 'be' verb.
4455
14753840
5920
all you have to do is put 'not' and then 'verb-ing' after the 'be' verb.
246:00
‘They were not staying at school last.’
4456
14760479
9320
'They were not staying at school last.'
246:09
‘Last night, they were not staying at school.’
4457
14769800
2680
'Last night, they were not staying at school.'
246:13
The next sentence says,
4458
14773600
1200
The next sentence says,
246:15
‘Two days ago you blank soccer.’
4459
14775439
3200
'Two days ago you blank soccer.'
246:19
Again try the negative for the verb ‘play’.
4460
14779359
3200
Again try the negative for the verb 'play'.
246:23
‘Two days ago blank not play soccer.’
4461
14783840
4000
'Two days ago blank not play soccer.'
246:28
In this case, the first thing that's missing is the ‘be’ verb.
4462
14788640
3840
In this case, the first thing that's missing is the 'be' verb.
246:33
If the subject is ‘you’, can you think of which be verb needs to be put in there?
4463
14793120
5359
If the subject is 'you', can you think of which be verb needs to be put in there?
246:39
The correct answer is ‘were’.
4464
14799359
2160
The correct answer is 'were'.
246:42
And then, we say ‘not’.
4465
14802560
2240
And then, we say 'not'.
246:45
What happens after that?
4466
14805920
1279
What happens after that?
246:48
Remember, ‘verb-ing’.
4467
14808000
2079
Remember, 'verb-ing'.
246:51
So ‘you were not playing’
4468
14811040
3439
So 'you were not playing'
246:55
‘two days ago, you were not playing soccer’
4469
14815359
3120
'two days ago, you were not playing soccer'
246:59
You can also use a contraction and say,
4470
14819040
2319
You can also use a contraction and say,
247:01
‘You weren't playing soccer.’
4471
14821359
1840
'You weren't playing soccer.'
247:04
Now try to find the mistake in the next sentence.
4472
14824080
3920
Now try to find the mistake in the next sentence.
247:08
‘Yesterday, she were reading at home.’
4473
14828000
2720
'Yesterday, she were reading at home.'
247:11
hmmm
4474
14831800
1000
hmmm
247:12
The subject of this sentence is ‘she’ so the ‘be’ verb to use is not ‘were’.
4475
14832800
7040
The subject of this sentence is 'she' so the 'be' verb to use is not 'were'.
247:19
It's 'was'.
4476
14839840
2000
It's 'was'.
247:22
‘Yesterday, she was reading at home.’
4477
14842399
2880
'Yesterday, she was reading at home.'
247:26
In the next sentence it says, ‘Tomorrow, they were seeing their friends.’
4478
14846399
4880
In the next sentence it says, 'Tomorrow, they were seeing their friends.'
247:32
hmmm
4479
14852600
1000
hmmm
247:33
‘They’ and ‘were’
4480
14853600
1600
'They' and 'were'
247:35
That's correct.
4481
14855199
641
That's correct.
247:36
And we have the ‘verb-ing’
4482
14856399
2160
And we have the 'verb-ing'
247:39
So what's the mistake?
4483
14859279
1200
So what's the mistake?
247:41
Remember the past continuous is for the past.
4484
14861279
3521
Remember the past continuous is for the past.
247:45
‘Tomorrow’ is not the past.
4485
14865359
2800
'Tomorrow' is not the past.
247:48
So instead, we need to put a word that shows the past.
4486
14868159
4641
So instead, we need to put a word that shows the past.
247:52
For example, I can say, ‘yesterday’.
4487
14872800
3120
For example, I can say, 'yesterday'.
247:58
‘Yesterday, they were seeing their friends.’
4488
14878080
2479
'Yesterday, they were seeing their friends.'
248:01
Let's move on.
4489
14881520
800
āĻšāĻ˛ āĻāĻ—ā§‹āĻ‡.
248:02
Now, let's start a checkup of the ‘when’ usage
4490
14882960
3359
Now, let's start a checkup of the 'when' usage
248:06
of the past continuous tense.
4491
14886319
1840
of the past continuous tense.
248:08
Take a look at the first example.
4492
14888720
1760
Take a look at the first example.
248:11
It says, ‘Andrea and John’ blank when they bank hurt.’
4493
14891120
5039
It says, 'Andrea and John' blank when they bank hurt.'
248:17
Remember ‘when’ shows an interrupting action.
4494
14897040
4080
Remember 'when' shows an interrupting action.
248:21
It needs to be used with the past simple tense.
4495
14901120
3359
It needs to be used with the past simple tense.
248:24
So let's first look at the second blank.
4496
14904479
2880
So let's first look at the second blank.
248:27
‘When they blank hurt’
4497
14907359
1761
'When they blank hurt'
248:29
What's the past tense of the verb ‘get’?
4498
14909840
2319
What's the past tense of the verb 'get'?
248:32
The answer is ‘got’.
4499
14912800
2160
The answer is 'got'.
248:36
Now let's take a look at the action that was in progress in the past.
4500
14916319
4721
Now let's take a look at the action that was in progress in the past.
248:41
‘Andrea and John’ or ‘they’
4501
14921680
2320
'Andrea and John' or 'they'
248:44
Well what comes after ‘they’?
4502
14924880
1600
Well what comes after 'they'?
248:47
‘were’.
4503
14927520
480
'were'.
248:48
‘Andrea and John were’
4504
14928960
1840
'Andrea and John were'
248:51
Then remember we need to add -ing to the verb.
4505
14931600
3360
Then remember we need to add -ing to the verb.
248:56
‘They were skiing’ or ‘Andrea and John were skiing when they got hurt’.
4506
14936239
6801
'They were skiing' or 'Andrea and John were skiing when they got hurt'.
249:04
The next example says, ‘It blank not raining when the game blank’.
4507
14944000
5199
The next example says, 'It blank not raining when the game blank'.
249:09
And I want you to use the verb ‘start’ for the second blank.
4508
14949760
3680
And I want you to use the verb 'start' for the second blank.
249:14
Take a look ‘when the game blank’ what's the past tense of ‘start’?
4509
14954479
4720
Take a look 'when the game blank' what's the past tense of 'start'?
249:20
‘started’
4510
14960960
640
'started'
249:22
Now let's look at the first part of the sentence.
4511
14962800
3439
Now let's look at the first part of the sentence.
249:26
The subject is ‘it’.
4512
14966239
1601
The subject is 'it'.
249:28
So what ‘be’ verb do we use for 'it'?
4513
14968960
2800
So what 'be' verb do we use for 'it'?
249:33
‘was’
4514
14973520
320
'was'
249:34
‘It was not raining when the game started.’
4515
14974640
2720
'It was not raining when the game started.'
249:38
Now find the mistake in the next sentence.
4516
14978159
3681
Now find the mistake in the next sentence.
249:44
‘I wasn't study at the library yesterday’.
4517
14984000
4000
'I wasn't study at the library yesterday'.
249:48
The subject here is ‘I’ and so the ‘be’ verb ‘was’ is correct.
4518
14988720
5120
The subject here is 'I' and so the 'be' verb 'was' is correct.
249:54
Here there's a contraction, ‘I wasn't’ for ‘I was not’.
4519
14994560
4640
Here there's a contraction, 'I wasn't' for 'I was not'.
250:00
Now the problem is with the verb.
4520
15000159
2240
Now the problem is with the verb.
250:02
Remember we need to put ‘–ing’ at the end of the verb.
4521
15002960
5199
Remember we need to put '–ing' at the end of the verb.
250:08
‘I wasn't studying at the library yesterday.’
4522
15008159
3440
'I wasn't studying at the library yesterday.'
250:12
And finally, ‘We did meet our friends last weekend.’
4523
15012319
4801
And finally, 'We did meet our friends last weekend.'
250:18
That sounds right, but remember we're doing the past continuous tense.
4524
15018159
5841
That sounds right, but remember we're doing the past continuous tense.
250:24
Take a look again.
4525
15024000
960
Take a look again.
250:25
The subject is ‘we’.
4526
15025600
1521
The subject is 'we'.
250:27
We need a ‘be’ verb.
4527
15027920
1200
We need a 'be' verb.
250:29
‘were’
4528
15029840
479
'were'
250:32
Then what happens?
4529
15032080
960
Then what happens?
250:33
Remember, we need to add an ‘-ing’ to the end of the verb,
4530
15033760
4880
Remember, we need to add an '-ing' to the end of the verb,
250:39
so we take out ‘did’ and say, ‘We were meeting our friends last weekend.’
4531
15039199
5040
so we take out 'did' and say, 'We were meeting our friends last weekend.'
250:45
Let's move on.
4532
15045040
1119
āĻšāĻ˛ āĻāĻ—ā§‹āĻ‡.
250:46
Now, for this checkup, we'll look at the ‘while’ usage of the past continuous tense.
4533
15046159
5681
Now, for this checkup, we'll look at the 'while' usage of the past continuous tense.
250:52
Take a look at the first example.
4534
15052479
1760
Take a look at the first example.
250:54
‘While I blank someone blank my bike.’
4535
15054800
3359
'While I blank someone blank my bike.'
250:58
When we use ‘while’ in the past continuous tense,
4536
15058960
3680
When we use 'while' in the past continuous tense,
251:02
we're showing that two actions happened at the same time in the past
4537
15062640
4640
we're showing that two actions happened at the same time in the past
251:07
or they were happening at the same time in the past.
4538
15067279
3601
or they were happening at the same time in the past.
251:10
So we need to use the past continuous for both actions.
4539
15070880
4479
So we need to use the past continuous for both actions.
251:16
‘While I blank’
4540
15076479
1760
'While I blank'
251:18
I want you to use ‘shop’ in the first blank.
4541
15078800
2800
I want you to use 'shop' in the first blank.
251:22
Remember, the subject here is ‘I’ so I need to use the ‘be’ verb ‘was’.
4542
15082239
5440
Remember, the subject here is 'I' so I need to use the 'be' verb 'was'.
251:29
Then ‘verb-ing’.
4543
15089600
4080
Then 'verb-ing'.
251:35
‘While I was shopping’
4544
15095760
1439
'While I was shopping'
251:38
Now ‘someone’ can be a ‘he’ or ‘she’.
4545
15098239
2960
Now 'someone' can be a 'he' or 'she'.
251:41
Therefore, again we need to use ‘was’
4546
15101840
2560
Therefore, again we need to use 'was'
251:46
and then the ‘verb-ing’ of ‘steal’.
4547
15106399
3681
and then the 'verb-ing' of 'steal'.
251:51
‘While I was shopping, someone was stealing my bike.’
4548
15111120
3600
'While I was shopping, someone was stealing my bike.'
251:55
The next sentence says,
4549
15115760
1360
The next sentence says,
251:57
‘While he blank’
4550
15117680
1440
'While he blank'
251:59
I want you to use the verb ‘cook’.
4551
15119920
2160
I want you to use the verb 'cook'.
252:03
The subject is ‘he’ and so I need to use ‘was cooking’.
4552
15123040
5600
The subject is 'he' and so I need to use 'was cooking'.
252:10
‘While he was cooking, his girlfriend was cleaning.’
4553
15130720
8240
'While he was cooking, his girlfriend was cleaning.'
252:20
Did you get that?
4554
15140080
800
Did you get that?
252:22
Let's move on.
4555
15142080
800
āĻšāĻ˛ āĻāĻ—ā§‹āĻ‡.
252:23
Try to find the mistake in the next sentence.
4556
15143439
2641
Try to find the mistake in the next sentence.
252:29
‘Jane was looking for us while we get off the plane.’
4557
15149199
4320
'Jane was looking for us while we get off the plane.'
252:34
The first part of the sentence is correct.
4558
15154720
2479
The first part of the sentence is correct.
252:37
‘Jane was looking’
4559
15157760
1360
'Jane was looking'
252:40
Now the second part of the sentence.
4560
15160319
2801
Now the second part of the sentence.
252:43
Notice it's not in the past continuous tense.
4561
15163120
3039
Notice it's not in the past continuous tense.
252:46
‘While we get off the plane’
4562
15166800
2479
'While we get off the plane'
252:49
So what we need to do is say, ‘were getting’.
4563
15169279
5040
So what we need to do is say, 'were getting'.
252:56
‘Jane was looking for us while we were getting off the plane.’
4564
15176640
4160
'Jane was looking for us while we were getting off the plane.'
253:02
The next sentence says, 'I was watching TV while my wife sleep’
4565
15182000
5520
The next sentence says, 'I was watching TV while my wife sleep'
253:08
Again this part of the sentence did not use the past continuous tense.
4566
15188800
4960
Again this part of the sentence did not use the past continuous tense.
253:14
My wife is a ‘she’ and so I need to say ‘was sleeping’.
4567
15194560
8160
My wife is a 'she' and so I need to say 'was sleeping'.
253:23
‘I was watching TV while my wife was sleeping.’
4568
15203279
3360
'I was watching TV while my wife was sleeping.'
253:27
Great job, everyone.
4569
15207520
1280
Great job, everyone.
253:28
Let's move on.
4570
15208800
800
āĻšāĻ˛ āĻāĻ—ā§‹āĻ‡.
253:30
Good job, everybody in learning the past  
4571
15210560
2561
Good job, everybody in learning the past
253:33
continuous tense.
4572
15213120
1039
continuous tense.
253:34
This tense can be a little difficult and a little tricky.
4573
15214800
3920
This tense can be a little difficult and a little tricky.
253:39
Especially when it comes to the ‘when’ and ‘while’ usage.
4574
15219279
3280
Especially when it comes to the 'when' and 'while' usage.
253:43
It'll take some practice to really master it, but I know you can do it.
4575
15223120
3760
It'll take some practice to really master it, but I know you can do it.
253:47
Keep studying English and I'll see you in the next video. 
4576
15227439
6400
Keep studying English and I'll see you in the next video.
253:59
Hi, everybody.
4577
15239120
960
āĻ¸āĻŦāĻžāĻ‡ āĻ•ā§‡āĻŽāĻ¨ āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡āĻ¨.
254:00
I'm Esther.
4578
15240080
1199
āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ‡āĻ¸ā§āĻŸāĻžāĻ°āĨ¤
254:01
In this video, I will introduce the past perfect tense.
4579
15241279
3521
In this video, I will introduce the past perfect tense.
254:05
This tense is used to describe an action that took place at a specific time in the past.
4580
15245439
5920
This tense is used to describe an action that took place at a specific time in the past.
254:12
This tense can be a little tricky, but don't worry I will guide you through it.
4581
15252080
4880
This tense can be a little tricky, but don't worry I will guide you through it.
254:16
There's so much to learn and it's a very important tense.
4582
15256960
3199
There's so much to learn and it's a very important tense.
254:20
So keep watching.
4583
15260159
1681
āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¨āĨ¤
254:24
Let's take a look at the first usage of the past perfect tense.
4584
15264560
3840
Let's take a look at the first usage of the past perfect tense.
254:29
This tense can be used to describe an action in the past
4585
15269120
3840
This tense can be used to describe an action in the past
254:32
that happened before another action in the past.
4586
15272960
2880
that happened before another action in the past.
254:36
Here are some examples.
4587
15276479
1280
Here are some examples.
254:38
‘I have visited China before I moved there.’
4588
15278640
2960
'I have visited China before I moved there.'
254:42
No matter what the subject you follow with ‘had’,
4589
15282399
3280
No matter what the subject you follow with 'had',
254:45
So that's easy.
4590
15285680
960
So that's easy.
254:47
‘I had’ ‘Steve had’
4591
15287199
2480
'I had' 'Steve had'
254:49
‘The plane had’ and ‘We had’.
4592
15289680
2160
'The plane had' and 'We had'.
254:52
Then, we follow with the past participle of the verb.
4593
15292800
3439
Then, we follow with the past participle of the verb.
254:56
In this case, it's ‘visited’.
4594
15296800
1760
In this case, it's 'visited'.
254:59
‘I had visited China.’
4595
15299359
1601
'I had visited China.'
255:01
Now you'll notice that the second verb is in the past simple tense.
4596
15301680
4400
Now you'll notice that the second verb is in the past simple tense.
255:06
‘I moved there.’
4597
15306080
1119
'I moved there.'
255:07
And I'll talk about that a little bit more later on.
4598
15307760
2880
And I'll talk about that a little bit more later on.
255:11
‘Steve had bought the book.’
4599
15311760
1439
'Steve had bought the book.'
255:13
Again, ‘subject’, ‘had’ and ‘past participle’.
4600
15313760
4320
Again, 'subject', 'had' and 'past participle'.
255:18
In this case, the verb is ‘buy’.
4601
15318080
1760
In this case, the verb is 'buy'.
255:20
‘Steve had bought the book before he read it.’
4602
15320800
3520
'Steve had bought the book before he read it.'
255:25
Again, we have the simple tense of ‘read’ which is ‘read’.
4603
15325040
3840
Again, we have the simple tense of 'read' which is 'read'.
255:29
And finally, ‘The plane had left by the time I got to the airport.’
4604
15329920
4800
And finally, 'The plane had left by the time I got to the airport.'
255:35
Again, the first part of this sentence is in the past perfect tense.
4605
15335359
4880
Again, the first part of this sentence is in the past perfect tense.
255:40
‘The plane had left’.
4606
15340239
1440
'The plane had left'.
255:42
This is the past participle of ‘leave’.
4607
15342319
2721
This is the past participle of 'leave'.
255:45
The second verb says, ‘I got to the airport.’
4608
15345760
3600
The second verb says, 'I got to the airport.'
255:49
‘got’ is the past tense of ‘get’.
4609
15349359
2400
'got' is the past tense of 'get'.
255:52
Now what these three sentences have in common is that you'll see, ‘before’.
4610
15352640
5920
Now what these three sentences have in common is that you'll see, 'before'.
255:59
‘before’ or ‘by the time’.
4611
15359359
1840
'before' or 'by the time'.
256:01
They all mean the same thing.
4612
15361760
1520
They all mean the same thing.
256:04
The verb that is in the past perfect tense happened first.
4613
15364399
4160
The verb that is in the past perfect tense happened first.
256:09
The verb that's in the past simple tense happen after.
4614
15369359
3360
The verb that's in the past simple tense happen after.
256:13
So again, for the first example.
4615
15373359
2641
So again, for the first example.
256:16
‘before I move there’ That happened later.
4616
15376000
3520
'before I move there' That happened later.
256:20
Before that, ‘I had already visited China.’
4617
15380239
3120
Before that, 'I had already visited China.'
256:24
Do you understand how that works?
4618
15384000
1520
Do you understand how that works?
256:26
Let's take a look at the last example.
4619
15386239
2080
Let's take a look at the last example.
256:29
‘When they arrived, we had already started the game.’
4620
15389040
3439
'When they arrived, we had already started the game.'
256:33
So maybe they were late or something had happened.
4621
15393120
3119
So maybe they were late or something had happened.
256:36
But ‘When they arrived’, this is the past simple tense.
4622
15396239
4480
But 'When they arrived', this is the past simple tense.
256:40
So this happened second.
4623
15400720
2479
So this happened second.
256:43
‘We had already started the game.’
4624
15403199
2240
'We had already started the game.'
256:46
This action had already started.
4625
15406319
2960
This action had already started.
256:49
It started before this action.
4626
15409279
2400
It started before this action.
256:52
Let's move on.
4627
15412720
800
āĻšāĻ˛ āĻāĻ—ā§‹āĻ‡.
256:54
Earlier I mentioned that the past perfect tense can be used to describe an action
4628
15414080
5439
Earlier I mentioned that the past perfect tense can be used to describe an action
256:59
that happened in the past before another action in the past.
4629
15419520
4000
that happened in the past before another action in the past.
257:04
We can do the same thing but also emphasize the duration.
4630
15424080
4319
We can do the same thing but also emphasize the duration.
257:08
How long that first action happened.
4631
15428399
2320
How long that first action happened.
257:11
We do this by using four and a duration.
4632
15431279
3200
We do this by using four and a duration.
257:15
Let's take a look.
4633
15435120
880
āĻāĻ° āĻ•āĻŸāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻĒāĻžāĻ¤ āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•.
257:16
‘I had owned my computer for two months before it broke.’
4634
15436960
4239
'I had owned my computer for two months before it broke.'
257:22
This is very similar to the first usage.
4635
15442000
2479
This is very similar to the first usage.
257:25
‘I had’ and the past participle of the verb.
4636
15445359
4160
'I had' and the past participle of the verb.
257:30
This part shows the action that happened earlier in the past.
4637
15450399
3760
This part shows the action that happened earlier in the past.
257:34
The second part, ‘it broke’.
4638
15454880
2000
The second part, 'it broke'.
257:37
The past simple tense verb shows the action in the past
4639
15457520
4080
The past simple tense verb shows the action in the past
257:41
that happened later than the first action.
4640
15461600
2480
that happened later than the first action.
257:44
However, you'll notice that this sentence has a duration, ‘for two months’.
4641
15464960
5120
However, you'll notice that this sentence has a duration, 'for two months'.
257:50
‘I had owned my computer for two months before it broke.’
4642
15470800
3840
'I had owned my computer for two months before it broke.'
257:55
All I'm doing here is showing how long the first action had been true.
4643
15475439
4960
All I'm doing here is showing how long the first action had been true.
258:01
Let's take a look at the next example.
4644
15481120
2079
Let's take a look at the next example.
258:04
‘Jim had been lonely for a long time until he got a puppy.’
4645
15484080
4800
'Jim had been lonely for a long time until he got a puppy.'
258:09
Again, we have subject ‘had’, past participle.
4646
15489600
4880
Again, we have subject 'had', past participle.
258:14
And then we have the past simple ‘he got a puppy’.
4647
15494479
4400
And then we have the past simple 'he got a puppy'.
258:19
All we're doing here is emphasizing how long first action had been true.
4648
15499760
5280
All we're doing here is emphasizing how long first action had been true.
258:25
He had been lonely for a long time.
4649
15505600
2800
He had been lonely for a long time.
258:29
That is until the later action, ‘he got a puppy.’
4650
15509120
4880
That is until the later action, 'he got a puppy.'
258:34
And finally, ‘She and I had been friends for many years before she became my wife.’
4651
15514000
6239
And finally, 'She and I had been friends for many years before she became my wife.'
258:41
The first part of the sentence is the past perfect.
4652
15521520
3440
The first part of the sentence is the past perfect.
258:44
It happened before she became my wife.
4653
15524960
3439
It happened before she became my wife.
258:49
But I want to explain how long that had been true for many years.
4654
15529120
4880
But I want to explain how long that had been true for many years.
258:54
Let's move on.
4655
15534800
1200
āĻšāĻ˛ āĻāĻ—ā§‹āĻ‡.
258:56
Now I'll introduce how to form the negative in the past perfect tense.
4656
15536000
4800
Now I'll introduce how to form the negative in the past perfect tense.
259:01
Take a look at the board.
4657
15541359
1040
Take a look at the board.
259:03
The first sentence says, ‘I had not eaten at the restaurant before I went yesterday.’
4658
15543040
6080
The first sentence says, 'I had not eaten at the restaurant before I went yesterday.'
259:09
Again, we have the past perfect tense here and the past simple tense here.
4659
15549840
6399
Again, we have the past perfect tense here and the past simple tense here.
259:16
This one is the action that happened earlier in the past
4660
15556239
3841
This one is the action that happened earlier in the past
259:20
And this one over here is the action that happened later in the past.
4661
15560080
4640
And this one over here is the action that happened later in the past.
259:25
However, because this is the negative, what I'm going to do is add a 'not' between
4662
15565439
6160
However, because this is the negative, what I'm going to do is add a 'not' between
259:31
the ‘had’ and the past participle of the verb.
4663
15571600
3440
the 'had' and the past participle of the verb.
259:35
So I say, ‘I have not eaten’.
4664
15575760
2880
So I say, 'I have not eaten'.
259:39
Or I can use the contraction
4665
15579199
2080
Or I can use the contraction
259:41
and say, ‘I hadn't eaten at the restaurant before I went yesterday.’
4666
15581279
5200
and say, 'I hadn't eaten at the restaurant before I went yesterday.'
259:47
The next sentence is very similar.’
4667
15587199
2080
The next sentence is very similar.'
259:49
‘She had not been to the circus before she went last week.’
4668
15589840
4080
'She had not been to the circus before she went last week.'
259:54
Here's the action that happened earlier in the past,
4669
15594720
3600
Here's the action that happened earlier in the past,
259:58
and here's the action that happened later in the past.
4670
15598319
3681
and here's the action that happened later in the past.
260:02
However, again, because it's negative,
4671
15602560
3120
However, again, because it's negative,
260:05
I put a 'not' between ‘had’ and the past participle of the verb.
4672
15605680
5120
I put a 'not' between 'had' and the past participle of the verb.
260:11
Also, I can use the contraction and say, ‘She hadn't been to the circus.’
4673
15611520
5280
Also, I can use the contraction and say, 'She hadn't been to the circus.'
260:18
The next sentence says,
4674
15618159
1521
The next sentence says,
260:19
‘The cat hadn't chased the bird for very long before it flew away.’
4675
15619680
5120
'The cat hadn't chased the bird for very long before it flew away.'
260:25
Remember, we can show duration,
4676
15625520
2480
Remember, we can show duration,
260:28
or how long the first action was true.
4677
15628000
2960
or how long the first action was true.
260:30
by using 'for' and a duration.
4678
15630960
2479
by using 'for' and a duration.
260:34
Because this is the negative form,
4679
15634399
2240
Because this is the negative form,
260:36
again, I use 'had not' after the subject and before the past participle of the verb
4680
15636640
7280
again, I use 'had not' after the subject and before the past participle of the verb
260:43
In this case, the contraction ‘hadn't’ is already there for you.
4681
15643920
4000
In this case, the contraction 'hadn't' is already there for you.
260:49
‘We hadn't known each other for three months before we married.’
4682
15649040
4800
'We hadn't known each other for three months before we married.'
260:54
That's a pretty short time.
4683
15654399
1920
That's a pretty short time.
260:56
It shows the duration by saying ‘for’, How long?
4684
15656319
3761
It shows the duration by saying 'for', How long?
261:00
‘three months’
4685
15660080
800
'three months'
261:01
Let's move on.
4686
15661680
800
Let's move on.
261:03
Now, let's take a look at questions using ‘had’ in the past perfect tense.
4687
15663120
5119
Now, let's take a look at questions using 'had' in the past perfect tense.
261:08
Take a look at the first sentence.
4688
15668880
2160
āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¯āĻŸāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŦāĻžāĻ° āĻĻā§‡āĻ–ā§āĻ¨āĨ¤
261:11
It says, ‘She had eaten lunch by noon.’
4689
15671040
3359
It says, 'She had eaten lunch by noon.'
261:15
Now, to turn this into a question is quite easy.
4690
15675199
3761
Now, to turn this into a question is quite easy.
261:18
All you have to do is change the order of the first two words.
4691
15678960
3439
All you have to do is change the order of the first two words.
261:22
So instead of ‘she had’, we say ‘Had she’.
4692
15682960
3359
So instead of 'she had', we say 'Had she'.
261:27
‘Had she eaten lunch by noon?’
4693
15687040
2000
'Had she eaten lunch by noon?'
261:30
You can say, ‘Yes, she had.’
4694
15690000
2319
You can say, 'Yes, she had.'
261:32
or ‘No, she hadn't.’
4695
15692319
1681
or 'No, she hadn't.'
261:34
The next sentence says, ‘It had rained before they left.’
4696
15694880
3680
The next sentence says, 'It had rained before they left.'
261:39
Again simply switched the order of the first two words.
4697
15699279
4320
Again simply switched the order of the first two words.
261:43
Instead of ‘It had’, say ‘Had it’ to make a question.
4698
15703600
3920
Instead of 'It had', say 'Had it' to make a question.
261:48
‘Had it rained before they left?’
4699
15708399
1920
'Had it rained before they left?'
261:51
To reply you can say, ‘Yes, it had.’
4700
15711199
3280
To reply you can say, 'Yes, it had.'
261:54
or ‘No, it hadn't.’
4701
15714479
1920
or 'No, it hadn't.'
261:57
Let's move on now.
4702
15717120
2079
Let's move on now.
261:59
I'll go into how to form ‘WH’ questions in the past perfect tense.
4703
15719199
4641
I'll go into how to form 'WH' questions in the past perfect tense.
262:04
Let's take a look.
4704
15724399
800
āĻāĻ° āĻ•āĻŸāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻĒāĻžāĻ¤ āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•.
262:06
Here we see at the beginning of each question a 'WH' word.
4705
15726239
4400
Here we see at the beginning of each question a 'WH' word.
262:11
‘where’, ‘who’, ‘what’, and ‘how’.
4706
15731359
3681
'where', 'who', 'what', and 'how'.
262:16
Let's take a look at the first question.
4707
15736399
2000
Let's take a look at the first question.
262:19
‘Where had he traveled before?’
4708
15739359
2240
'Where had he traveled before?'
262:22
You'll notice that after each ‘WH’ word, we have ‘had’.
4709
15742399
4400
You'll notice that after each 'WH' word, we have 'had'.
262:27
And then the subject and then the past participle of the verb.
4710
15747760
4960
And then the subject and then the past participle of the verb.
262:33
‘Where had he traveled before?’
4711
15753439
2160
'Where had he traveled before?'
262:36
The next question says, ‘Who had she talked to before?’
4712
15756880
3920
The next question says, 'Who had she talked to before?'
262:41
This is the same thing the ‘WH’ word
4713
15761600
3200
This is the same thing the 'WH' word
262:45
‘had she’ and then the past participle.
4714
15765359
2880
'had she' and then the past participle.
262:49
You'll notice here that we have the word ‘before’, but we didn't write a specific point in time.
4715
15769040
6399
You'll notice here that we have the word 'before', but we didn't write a specific point in time.
262:56
If you see that it simply means before now.
4716
15776239
3601
If you see that it simply means before now.
263:00
The next question says, ‘What had he eaten before lunch?’
4717
15780399
4400
The next question says, 'What had he eaten before lunch?'
263:05
Again we follow the same formula, however, here it says ‘lunch for you'.
4718
15785760
5520
Again we follow the same formula, however, here it says 'lunch for you'.
263:12
The last one says,
4719
15792239
1440
The last one says,
263:13
‘How long had she known him before she dated him?’
4720
15793680
3920
'How long had she known him before she dated him?'
263:18
Again how long ‘had’ + ‘subject’ and then the past participle.
4721
15798560
6080
Again how long 'had' + 'subject' and then the past participle.
263:25
Let's take a look at how  to answer these questions.
4722
15805439
2400
Let's take a look at how to answer these questions.
263:29
‘Where had he traveled before?’
4723
15809359
2000
'Where had he traveled before?'
263:32
‘He had traveled to Europe.’
4724
15812239
2160
'He had traveled to Europe.'
263:34
is one possible answer.
4725
15814399
1440
is one possible answer.
263:37
‘Who had she talked to before?’
4726
15817199
2080
'Who had she talked to before?'
263:40
Here I can say, ‘She had talked to her brother.’
4727
15820159
3440
Here I can say, 'She had talked to her brother.'
263:45
‘What had he eaten before lunch?’
4728
15825199
2400
'What had he eaten before lunch?'
263:48
‘He had eaten sushi before lunch.’
4729
15828479
2561
'He had eaten sushi before lunch.'
263:51
And finally, ‘How long had she known him before she dated him?’
4730
15831760
4800
And finally, 'How long had she known him before she dated him?'
263:57
‘She had known him for three years.’
4731
15837279
2561
'She had known him for three years.'
263:59
That is one possible answer.
4732
15839840
1840
That is one possible answer.
264:02
Let's move on.
4733
15842399
880
āĻšāĻ˛ āĻāĻ—ā§‹āĻ‡.
264:04
Now let's take a look at some practice exercises for the basic usage of the past perfect tense.
4734
15844239
6240
Now let's take a look at some practice exercises for the basic usage of the past perfect tense.
264:11
Take a look at the first sentence.
4735
15851040
1680
āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¯āĻŸāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŦāĻžāĻ° āĻĻā§‡āĻ–ā§āĻ¨āĨ¤
264:13
‘I blank for six hours before I had a break.’
4736
15853359
3920
'I blank for six hours before I had a break.'
264:17
The verb here is ‘work’.
4737
15857920
1680
The verb here is 'work'.
264:20
Remember, we need to say ‘I had’.
4738
15860399
3120
Remember, we need to say 'I had'.
264:23
No matter what the subject is, say ‘had’.
4739
15863520
2720
No matter what the subject is, say 'had'.
264:28
And then, you take the past participle of the verb.
4740
15868720
3360
And then, you take the past participle of the verb.
264:32
In this case, we would say ‘worked’.
4741
15872640
5440
In this case, we would say 'worked'.
264:38
‘I had worked for six hours before I had a break.’
4742
15878080
3840
'I had worked for six hours before I had a break.'
264:42
For the next sentence, I want you to try the negative form.
4743
15882720
3360
For the next sentence, I want you to try the negative form.
264:47
‘We blank TV before we listened to the radio.’
4744
15887120
4720
'We blank TV before we listened to the radio.'
264:53
Remember, for the negative form, we say ‘had not’
4745
15893040
3840
Remember, for the negative form, we say 'had not'
264:56
or we use the contraction, ‘hadn't’.
4746
15896880
2319
or we use the contraction, 'hadn't'.
265:01
‘We hadn’t’.
4747
15901359
1120
'We hadn't'.
265:03
And then, we need the past participle.
4748
15903199
2641
And then, we need the past participle.
265:08
‘We hadn't watched TV before we listened to the radio.’
4749
15908960
4640
'We hadn't watched TV before we listened to the radio.'
265:14
Now find the mistake in the next sentence.
4750
15914479
2641
Now find the mistake in the next sentence.
265:19
‘Reggie had it be to Mexico before he went to Peru.’
4751
15919680
4479
'Reggie had it be to Mexico before he went to Peru.'
265:24
Well, we have the subject here and for the negative, ‘hadn't’ is correct.
4752
15924880
5520
Well, we have the subject here and for the negative, 'hadn't' is correct.
265:31
However, we need the past participle of the verb ‘be’.
4753
15931120
4640
However, we need the past participle of the verb 'be'.
265:36
So the correct answer is,
4754
15936560
1760
So the correct answer is,
265:38
‘Reggie hadn't been to Mexico before he went to Peru.’
4755
15938319
4240
'Reggie hadn't been to Mexico before he went to Peru.'
265:43
And finally, ‘Sally and Jan or they had do their job.’
4756
15943520
6000
And finally, 'Sally and Jan or they had do their job.'
265:50
Hmm.
4757
15950040
1000
Hmm.
265:51
Remember, we need the past participle.
4758
15951040
2479
Remember, we need the past participle.
265:54
We don't say do.
4759
15954159
1440
We don't say do.
265:55
We say ‘done’.
4760
15955600
1280
We say 'done'.
265:57
‘Sally and Jan had done their job before they watched TV.’
4761
15957920
4560
'Sally and Jan had done their job before they watched TV.'
266:03
Let's move on.
4762
15963520
1040
āĻšāĻ˛ āĻāĻ—ā§‹āĻ‡.
266:04
In this checkup, we'll take a look at some practice exercises
4763
15964560
3840
In this checkup, we'll take a look at some practice exercises
266:08
for the past perfect tense that describes how long.
4764
15968399
3920
for the past perfect tense that describes how long.
266:12
Let's take a look at the first sentence.
4765
15972319
1920
āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¯āĻŸāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŦāĻžāĻ° āĻĻā§‡āĻ–ā§‡ āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•āĨ¤
266:15
‘You blank at the park for three hours before you came home.’
4766
15975040
4720
'You blank at the park for three hours before you came home.'
266:20
Remember, we start with the subject and then ‘had’.
4767
15980720
3040
Remember, we start with the subject and then 'had'.
266:24
So I'm going to add that here,
4768
15984560
1680
So I'm going to add that here,
266:27
then we need the past participle of the verb ‘be’.
4769
15987040
3439
then we need the past participle of the verb 'be'.
266:31
And that is ‘been’.
4770
15991279
1440
And that is 'been'.
266:34
‘You had been at the park for three hours before you came home.’
4771
15994159
4320
'You had been at the park for three hours before you came home.'
266:39
The next sentence says,
4772
15999520
1200
The next sentence says,
266:41
‘They blank for six hours before they took a break.’
4773
16001279
3920
'They blank for six hours before they took a break.'
266:46
Again, no matter what the subject, we have ‘had’ and then the past participle.
4774
16006080
5439
Again, no matter what the subject, we have 'had' and then the past participle.
266:52
So the answer is,
4775
16012080
2159
So the answer is,
266:54
‘They had studied for six hours before they took a break.’
4776
16014239
5841
'They had studied for six hours before they took a break.'
267:00
Now, find the mistake in the next sentence.
4777
16020960
3120
Now, find the mistake in the next sentence.
267:04
It's a little bit longer so it might take you a while.
4778
16024080
2880
It's a little bit longer so it might take you a while.
267:08
‘They had been known each other for ten years before they had their first fight.’
4779
16028640
5360
'They had been known each other for ten years before they had their first fight.'
267:14
Can you find the mistake?
4780
16034960
1279
āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ­ā§āĻ˛ āĻ–ā§āĻāĻœā§‡ āĻĒā§‡āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡āĻ¨?
267:17
Well, we have the subject and ‘had’, but check this out.
4781
16037199
3921
Well, we have the subject and 'had', but check this out.
267:21
There are two past participles here.
4782
16041120
2880
There are two past participles here.
267:24
We need to get rid of one of them.
4783
16044000
1840
We need to get rid of one of them.
267:27
We can take out this verb and say, ‘They had known each other for ten years
4784
16047279
6320
We can take out this verb and say, 'They had known each other for ten years
267:33
before they had their first fight.’
4785
16053600
1920
before they had their first fight.'
267:36
The next sentence says, ‘I have played soccer for many years before I scored my first goal.’
4786
16056800
6560
The next sentence says, 'I have played soccer for many years before I scored my first goal.'
267:44
This sentence doesn't look wrong at first.
4787
16064560
3360
This sentence doesn't look wrong at first.
267:47
But remember, in the past perfect tense, we need to say ‘had’.
4788
16067920
3840
But remember, in the past perfect tense, we need to say 'had'.
267:52
‘I had played soccer for many years before I scored my first goal.’
4789
16072479
6561
'I had played soccer for many years before I scored my first goal.'
268:00
Good job, everybody.
4790
16080080
1199
Good job, everybody.
268:01
Let's move on.
4791
16081279
1200
āĻšāĻ˛ āĻāĻ—ā§‹āĻ‡.
268:02
Great job, everyone.
4792
16082479
1521
Great job, everyone.
268:04
Now you have a better understanding of the past perfect tense.
4793
16084000
4319
Now you have a better understanding of the past perfect tense.
268:08
I know it can be a little difficult but keep studying,
4794
16088319
3200
I know it can be a little difficult but keep studying,
268:11
and keep practicing, and you will get better.
4795
16091520
2240
and keep practicing, and you will get better.
268:14
I know studying English is not easy but with time and effort,
4796
16094479
4080
I know studying English is not easy but with time and effort,
268:18
I know you'll master it.
4797
16098560
1680
I know you'll master it.
268:20
Thank you so much for watching and I'll see you in the next video.
4798
16100239
3120
Thank you so much for watching and I'll see you in the next video.
268:31
Hi, everybody.
4799
16111840
1040
āĻ¸āĻŦāĻžāĻ‡ āĻ•ā§‡āĻŽāĻ¨ āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡āĻ¨.
268:32
I'm Esther.
4800
16112880
1279
āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ‡āĻ¸ā§āĻŸāĻžāĻ°āĨ¤
268:34
In this video, I will introduce the past perfect continuous tense.
4801
16114159
4320
In this video, I will introduce the past perfect continuous tense.
268:39
It's a great tense that helps you express an ongoing action
4802
16119040
3760
It's a great tense that helps you express an ongoing action
268:42
in the past continuing up to another point in the past.
4803
16122800
3920
in the past continuing up to another point in the past.
268:46
There's a lot to learn, so keep watching.
4804
16126720
3120
There's a lot to learn, so keep watching.
268:52
One usage of the past perfect continuous tense is to talk about an ongoing action in the
4805
16132319
6320
One usage of the past perfect continuous tense is to talk about an ongoing action in the
268:58
past that continued up to another point in the
4806
16138640
3280
past that continued up to another point in the
269:01
past.
4807
16141920
399
past.
269:02
You can use ‘for’ and a duration to talk about
4808
16142880
3600
You can use 'for' and a duration to talk about
269:06
how long that action was in progress.
4809
16146479
2400
how long that action was in progress.
269:09
Here are some examples.
4810
16149439
1280
Here are some examples.
269:11
‘I had been waiting for the bus for two hours before it arrived.’
4811
16151359
4800
'I had been waiting for the bus for two hours before it arrived.'
269:16
You'll notice that at the beginning.
4812
16156800
1840
You'll notice that at the beginning.
269:18
It doesn't matter what the subject is, we follow with ‘had been’.
4813
16158640
4400
It doesn't matter what the subject is, we follow with 'had been'.
269:23
For example, ‘I had been’, ‘Chuck had been’,
4814
16163600
3920
For example, 'I had been', 'Chuck had been',
269:27
And ‘Tom and Kim had been.’
4815
16167520
2160
And 'Tom and Kim had been.'
269:30
And then we follow with the verb ‘-ing’.
4816
16170479
2720
And then we follow with the verb '-ing'.
269:33
‘waiting’.
4817
16173920
479
'waiting'.
269:35
‘I had been waiting.’
4818
16175040
1840
'I had been waiting.'
269:36
Now this is the ongoing action that happened first.
4819
16176880
3439
Now this is the ongoing action that happened first.
269:41
Again, four and two hours shows the duration.
4820
16181040
3840
Again, four and two hours shows the duration.
269:45
The second part says, ‘it arrived’.
4821
16185680
3040
The second part says, 'it arrived'.
269:48
This verb is in the past simple tense.
4822
16188720
2960
This verb is in the past simple tense.
269:51
Therefore, that is the second action.
4823
16191680
2560
Therefore, that is the second action.
269:54
It's the action that this first action happened until this action happened,
4824
16194239
6721
It's the action that this first action happened until this action happened,
270:00
so again, ‘I had been waiting for the bus,’ happened
4825
16200960
3439
so again, 'I had been waiting for the bus,' happened
270:04
first.
4826
16204399
880
first.
270:05
And then, it happened until the bus arrived.
4827
16205279
3601
And then, it happened until the bus arrived.
270:10
‘Chuck had been cooking,’ Again, that part's easy.
4828
16210399
4240
'Chuck had been cooking,' Again, that part's easy.
270:14
No matter what’s the subject, we say ‘had been’ and then verb ‘-ing’.
4829
16214640
4720
No matter what's the subject, we say 'had been' and then verb '-ing'.
270:20
Again, I can show how long Chuck had been cooking by saying ‘for an hour’, showing
4830
16220239
6561
Again, I can show how long Chuck had been cooking by saying 'for an hour', showing
270:26
the duration.
4831
16226800
1520
the duration.
270:28
And then, I finished by saying, ‘before he finished’.
4832
16228319
3681
And then, I finished by saying, 'before he finished'.
270:32
He had been cooking up to this point in the past.
4833
16232000
3760
He had been cooking up to this point in the past.
270:36
Finally, ‘Tom and Kim had been walking,’ This part should be familiar to you by now,
4834
16236880
6240
Finally, 'Tom and Kim had been walking,' This part should be familiar to you by now,
270:43
‘for an hour’ Again, that shows duration.
4835
16243760
3120
'for an hour' Again, that shows duration.
270:47
‘before they rested.’
4836
16247439
1440
'before they rested.'
270:49
So they had been walking for an hour before they took a break.
4837
16249439
5601
So they had been walking for an hour before they took a break.
270:55
Before they rested.
4838
16255040
1359
Before they rested.
270:56
Let's move on.
4839
16256960
800
āĻšāĻ˛ āĻāĻ—ā§‹āĻ‡.
270:58
The past perfect continuous tense is also used to express cause and effect in the
4840
16258640
6160
The past perfect continuous tense is also used to express cause and effect in the
271:04
past.
4841
16264800
479
past.
271:05
The verb that's in the past perfect continuous tense shows the cause,
4842
16265920
4960
The verb that's in the past perfect continuous tense shows the cause,
271:10
why something happened.
4843
16270880
1359
why something happened.
271:12
We can use ‘because’ or ‘so’ to show the cause and effect.
4844
16272800
5040
We can use 'because' or 'so' to show the cause and effect.
271:17
Here, I'll explain.
4845
16277840
1120
Here, I'll explain.
271:19
‘Jason was tired because he had been jogging.’
4846
16279840
4000
'Jason was tired because he had been jogging.'
271:24
The first part of the sentence is in the past tense.
4847
16284560
3200
The first part of the sentence is in the past tense.
271:28
‘Jason was tired,’ However, we see ‘why?’
4848
16288399
4641
'Jason was tired,' However, we see 'why?'
271:33
Well, because, ‘he had been jogging’.
4849
16293040
3600
Well, because, 'he had been jogging'.
271:36
The second part of this sentence is in the past perfect continuous tense.
4850
16296640
4480
The second part of this sentence is in the past perfect continuous tense.
271:41
‘he had been’, remember no matter what the subject,
4851
16301680
3360
'he had been', remember no matter what the subject,
271:45
we follow with ‘had been’ and jogging – ‘verb -ing’.
4852
16305040
4479
we follow with 'had been' and jogging – 'verb -ing'.
271:50
‘he had been jogging’ This shows why Jason was tired.
4853
16310159
5200
'he had been jogging' This shows why Jason was tired.
271:56
The next sentence says, ‘The pavement’ or it ‘was wet because
4854
16316319
5521
The next sentence says, 'The pavement' or it 'was wet because
272:01
it had been raining.’
4855
16321840
1120
it had been raining.'
272:03
Similar to the first sentence, ‘it had been raining’ shows the cause.
4856
16323840
5280
Similar to the first sentence, 'it had been raining' shows the cause.
272:09
Why was the pavement wet?
4857
16329120
1680
Why was the pavement wet?
272:11
‘The pavement was wet because it had been raining.’
4858
16331439
3920
'The pavement was wet because it had been raining.'
272:16
In this sentence, we see a little difference.
4859
16336640
2880
In this sentence, we see a little difference.
272:19
‘The children had been playing’ Again, this is the past perfect continuous
4860
16339520
5680
'The children had been playing' Again, this is the past perfect continuous
272:25
tense.
4861
16345199
320
tense.
272:26
‘had been playing’ The second part says, ‘the room was a mess’.
4862
16346239
5200
'had been playing' The second part says, 'the room was a mess'.
272:31
So here, instead of ‘because’ like the first two sentences,
4863
16351439
4240
So here, instead of 'because' like the first two sentences,
272:35
I used ‘so’.
4864
16355680
1520
I used 'so'.
272:37
So the order has been changed but the meaning is the same.
4865
16357199
3761
So the order has been changed but the meaning is the same.
272:41
This, ‘the children had been playing’ is why the room was a mess.
4866
16361840
6080
This, 'the children had been playing' is why the room was a mess.
272:47
This is the cause and this is the effect.
4867
16367920
3760
This is the cause and this is the effect.
272:52
Let's move on.
4868
16372479
800
āĻšāĻ˛ āĻāĻ—ā§‹āĻ‡.
272:54
Now let's go into the negative form of the past perfect continuous tense.
4869
16374319
4801
Now let's go into the negative form of the past perfect continuous tense.
272:59
Here are some examples.
4870
16379760
2160
Here are some examples.
273:01
‘I had not been working for a day before I quit.’
4871
16381920
3600
'I had not been working for a day before I quit.'
273:06
So no matter what the subject ‘I’, ‘you’, ‘she’, or ‘it’,
4872
16386240
4879
So no matter what the subject 'I', 'you', 'she', or 'it',
273:11
just like in the affirmative, we say ‘had’, but after the ‘had’, in the negative form,
4873
16391760
6240
just like in the affirmative, we say 'had', but after the 'had', in the negative form,
273:18
we add ‘not’. ‘had not’
4874
16398000
2320
we add 'not'. 'had not'
273:20
‘had not’ or you can use the contraction ‘hadn't’.
4875
16400879
4480
'had not' or you can use the contraction 'hadn't'.
273:25
Which is a combination of ‘had’ and ‘not’ together.
4876
16405359
3279
Which is a combination of 'had' and 'not' together.
273:29
‘I had not been working’ The rest of the sentence is the same.
4877
16409680
4721
'I had not been working' The rest of the sentence is the same.
273:34
‘been + verb -ing’ ‘I had not been working for a day before
4878
16414400
5840
'been + verb -ing' 'I had not been working for a day before
273:40
I quit.’
4879
16420240
559
I quit.'
273:41
The next sentence says, ‘You had not been cutting onions for long
4880
16421920
4879
The next sentence says, 'You had not been cutting onions for long
273:46
before you cried.’
4881
16426799
1121
before you cried.'
273:48
Again, the ‘not’ goes between ‘had’ and ‘been’.
4882
16428561
3520
Again, the 'not' goes between 'had' and 'been'.
273:53
‘She hadn't been studying for long when she fell asleep.’
4883
16433520
4400
'She hadn't been studying for long when she fell asleep.'
273:57
Here, we have the contraction.
4884
16437920
1680
Here, we have the contraction.
274:00
And finally, ‘It hadn't been snowing for long when it
4885
16440719
3441
And finally, 'It hadn't been snowing for long when it
274:04
stopped.’
4886
16444160
400
stopped.'
274:05
Again, we have the contraction for ‘had not’ here.
4887
16445199
3041
Again, we have the contraction for 'had not' here.
274:09
You'll notice that in the first two sentences, I used ‘before’.
4888
16449039
3600
You'll notice that in the first two sentences, I used 'before'.
274:13
And in the last two, I used ‘when’.
4889
16453199
2080
And in the last two, I used 'when'.
274:16
Either one can be used to show when the first action stopped.
4890
16456240
4160
Either one can be used to show when the first action stopped.
274:21
Let's move on.
4891
16461119
801
āĻšāĻ˛ āĻāĻ—ā§‹āĻ‡.
274:22
Now let's go into how to form basic questions in the past perfect continuous tense.
4892
16462639
6000
Now let's go into how to form basic questions in the past perfect continuous tense.
274:29
Here is the first example.
4893
16469279
1600
Here is the first example.
274:31
‘He had been driving all day before he arrived.’
4894
16471680
3600
'He had been driving all day before he arrived.'
274:35
Now, to turn this into a question, all we have to do is change the order of the first
4895
16475840
5680
Now, to turn this into a question, all we have to do is change the order of the first
274:41
two words.
4896
16481520
721
two words.
274:42
Instead of ‘He had’, now I can say, ‘Had he’, in order to form a question.
4897
16482799
5602
Instead of 'He had', now I can say, 'Had he', in order to form a question.
274:49
‘Had he been driving all day before he arrived?’
4898
16489199
4641
'Had he been driving all day before he arrived?'
274:53
The next sentence says, ‘The dog had been barking because it was
4899
16493840
4799
The next sentence says, 'The dog had been barking because it was
274:58
scared.’
4900
16498639
480
scared.'
274:59
In this case, the subject is ‘The dog’.
4901
16499840
2561
In this case, the subject is 'The dog'.
275:03
And then we follow with ‘had’.
4902
16503199
1680
And then we follow with 'had'.
275:05
To turn this into a question, again, we switch the order.
4903
16505680
3840
To turn this into a question, again, we switch the order.
275:10
‘Had the dog been barking because it was scared?’
4904
16510240
3760
'Had the dog been barking because it was scared?'
275:14
You'll notice that in the question, the rest of the words stay in the same place.
4905
16514639
5441
You'll notice that in the question, the rest of the words stay in the same place.
275:20
Now, in the first question, we're asking how long an action happened,
4906
16520959
5201
Now, in the first question, we're asking how long an action happened,
275:26
or how long it was ongoing in the past.
4907
16526160
2719
or how long it was ongoing in the past.
275:29
And in this question, we ask about cause and effect.
4908
16529439
3680
And in this question, we ask about cause and effect.
275:33
Let's move on.
4909
16533760
801
āĻšāĻ˛ āĻāĻ—ā§‹āĻ‡.
275:35
Now, I'll introduce how to form WH questions in the past perfect continuous tense.
4910
16535279
6240
Now, I'll introduce how to form WH questions in the past perfect continuous tense.
275:42
Take a look at these examples.
4911
16542080
2160
Take a look at these examples.
275:44
You'll notice that they all start with a WH word.
4912
16544240
3279
You'll notice that they all start with a WH word.
275:48
Why, where, what, and who.
4913
16548080
3199
Why, where, what, and who.
275:52
You might also have noticed that after we have ‘had’.
4914
16552160
3600
You might also have noticed that after we have 'had'.
275:56
‘Why had’ ‘Where had’
4915
16556400
2318
'Why had' 'Where had'
275:58
‘What had’ and ‘Who had’
4916
16558719
2000
'What had' and 'Who had'
276:01
In the first question, after that comes the subject.
4917
16561680
3840
In the first question, after that comes the subject.
276:06
‘Why had you’ And then ‘been + verb -ing’
4918
16566240
4559
'Why had you' And then 'been + verb -ing'
276:11
And that's the same pattern we follow for all of these sentences.
4919
16571520
3680
And that's the same pattern we follow for all of these sentences.
276:15
So ‘Why had you been studying so much?’
4920
16575760
3520
So 'Why had you been studying so much?'
276:19
I can answer by saying, ‘I had been studying so much because I have
4921
16579279
4801
I can answer by saying, 'I had been studying so much because I have
276:24
a test.’
4922
16584080
480
a test.'
276:26
‘Where had you been traveling before you came here?’
4923
16586080
3279
'Where had you been traveling before you came here?'
276:30
I can say, ‘I had been traveling through Asia.’
4924
16590160
3520
I can say, 'I had been traveling through Asia.'
276:35
‘What had they been playing before they played soccer?’
4925
16595279
3760
'What had they been playing before they played soccer?'
276:39
I can answer, ‘They had been playing baseball.’
4926
16599760
3119
I can answer, 'They had been playing baseball.'
276:43
And finally, ‘Who had she been talking to before she
4927
16603600
4721
And finally, 'Who had she been talking to before she
276:48
left home?’
4928
16608320
719
left home?'
276:49
I can answer, ‘She had been talking to her boyfriend.’
4929
16609680
3520
I can answer, 'She had been talking to her boyfriend.'
276:54
Let's move on.
4930
16614000
799
āĻšāĻ˛ āĻāĻ—ā§‹āĻ‡.
276:55
Let's start a checkup for the past perfect continuous tense.
4931
16615600
4320
Let's start a checkup for the past perfect continuous tense.
276:59
Take a look at the first sentence.
4932
16619920
2160
āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¯āĻŸāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŦāĻžāĻ° āĻĻā§‡āĻ–ā§āĻ¨āĨ¤
277:02
It says, ‘They __ for a long time before they went home.’
4933
16622080
4959
It says, 'They __ for a long time before they went home.'
277:07
Try to fill in the blank with the verb ‘work’ in this tense.
4934
16627920
3840
Try to fill in the blank with the verb 'work' in this tense.
277:13
Remember, no matter what the subject, we follow the subject with ‘had been’.
4935
16633520
5279
Remember, no matter what the subject, we follow the subject with 'had been'.
277:19
So we say, ‘They had been’.
4936
16639840
2879
So we say, 'They had been'.
277:23
What happens to the verb?
4937
16643840
1359
What happens to the verb?
277:25
Remember, we add ‘-ing’.
4938
16645760
2080
Remember, we add '-ing'.
277:30
So the sentence is, ‘They had been working for a long time before they went home.’
4939
16650400
6398
So the sentence is, 'They had been working for a long time before they went home.'
277:37
Now, take a look at the second sentence.
4940
16657840
2561
Now, take a look at the second sentence.
277:40
I want you to use the negative.
4941
16660959
2000
I want you to use the negative.
277:43
‘I __ TV for a year before I started again.’
4942
16663760
4801
'I __ TV for a year before I started again.'
277:49
Remember, the negative form for this tense starts with the subject
4943
16669680
4641
Remember, the negative form for this tense starts with the subject
277:54
and then ‘had not been’.
4944
16674320
2000
and then 'had not been'.
277:59
Or I can use the contraction ‘hadn't’.
4945
16679039
2400
Or I can use the contraction 'hadn't'.
278:02
‘I hadn't been’ And then again, verb ‘-ing’.
4946
16682080
5760
'I hadn't been' And then again, verb '-ing'.
278:09
‘I hadn't been watching TV for a year before I started again.’
4947
16689039
5121
'I hadn't been watching TV for a year before I started again.'
278:15
Now, try to find the mistake in this next sentence.
4948
16695119
3520
Now, try to find the mistake in this next sentence.
278:21
‘Gina and I hadn't been do any work before we started.’
4949
16701279
5121
'Gina and I hadn't been do any work before we started.'
278:27
What's the error?
4950
16707359
881
What's the error?
278:29
You'll notice that the verb does not have an ‘-ing’.
4951
16709279
3840
You'll notice that the verb does not have an '-ing'.
278:36
To make the sentence correct, we must say, ‘Gina and I hadn't been doing
4952
16716719
5682
To make the sentence correct, we must say, 'Gina and I hadn't been doing
278:42
any work before we started.’
4953
16722400
2080
any work before we started.'
278:45
Now, find the mistake here.
4954
16725439
1760
Now, find the mistake here.
278:48
‘He had be watching YouTube because he had some free time.’
4955
16728320
4959
'He had be watching YouTube because he had some free time.'
278:55
‘He had’, that's correct, but we need to change ‘be’ to been’.
4956
16735279
6240
'He had', that's correct, but we need to change 'be' to been'.
279:02
And ‘watching’ is correct.
4957
16742400
1600
And 'watching' is correct.
279:04
So, ‘He had been watching YouTube because he had some free time.’
4958
16744000
5279
So, 'He had been watching YouTube because he had some free time.'
279:10
Let's move on.
4959
16750000
799
āĻšāĻ˛ āĻāĻ—ā§‹āĻ‡.
279:11
Now, let's move on to another checkup of the past perfect continuous tense.
4960
16751600
4961
Now, let's move on to another checkup of the past perfect continuous tense.
279:17
Take a look at the first example.
4961
16757119
1840
Take a look at the first example.
279:19
It says, ‘The company __ employees because they worked hard.’
4962
16759600
4641
It says, 'The company __ employees because they worked hard.'
279:25
Use the verb ‘promote’ in the past perfect continuous tense.
4963
16765039
4240
Use the verb 'promote' in the past perfect continuous tense.
279:30
Remember, no matter what the subject, we follow with ‘had been’.
4964
16770480
4479
Remember, no matter what the subject, we follow with 'had been'.
279:35
So we say, ‘The company had been’ and then verb ‘-ing’, so ‘promoting’.
4965
16775680
7840
So we say, 'The company had been' and then verb '-ing', so 'promoting'.
279:46
‘The company had been promoting employees because they worked hard.’
4966
16786959
4561
'The company had been promoting employees because they worked hard.'
279:52
The next example says, ‘I __ your emails for a while because they went to the spam
4967
16792320
6318
The next example says, 'I __ your emails for a while because they went to the spam
279:58
folder.’
4968
16798639
480
folder.'
279:59
Here, try to use the negative form with the verb ‘get’.
4969
16799840
3600
Here, try to use the negative form with the verb 'get'.
280:05
Remember, in the negative form, we say ‘had not been getting’
4970
16805199
4881
Remember, in the negative form, we say 'had not been getting'
280:10
Or the contraction ‘hadn't been getting’.
4971
16810959
4881
Or the contraction 'hadn't been getting'.
280:17
‘I hadn't been getting your emails for a while because they went to the spam folder.’
4972
16817520
5840
'I hadn't been getting your emails for a while because they went to the spam folder.'
280:24
Now look for the mistake in the next sentence.
4973
16824240
2879
Now look for the mistake in the next sentence.
280:29
‘I had been work a lot because I needed the money.’
4974
16829840
4000
'I had been work a lot because I needed the money.'
280:34
What's the mistake?
4975
16834480
1039
What's the mistake?
280:36
Remember, we need to add ‘-ing’ to the verb.
4976
16836240
5199
Remember, we need to add '-ing' to the verb.
280:42
‘I had been working a lot because I needed the money.’
4977
16842400
3760
'I had been working a lot because I needed the money.'
280:47
The last sentence says, ‘He has been smoking because he was stressed.’
4978
16847039
5521
The last sentence says, 'He has been smoking because he was stressed.'
280:53
Can you find the mistake?
4979
16853439
1199
āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ­ā§āĻ˛ āĻ–ā§āĻāĻœā§‡ āĻĒā§‡āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡āĻ¨?
280:55
Remember, we're practicing the past perfect continuous.
4980
16855920
3520
Remember, we're practicing the past perfect continuous.
281:00
In this case, we need ‘had’ after the subject, not ‘has’.
4981
16860000
5359
In this case, we need 'had' after the subject, not 'has'.
281:06
Great job, everyone.
4982
16866240
1279
Great job, everyone.
281:07
Let's move on.
4983
16867520
1199
āĻšāĻ˛ āĻāĻ—ā§‹āĻ‡.
281:08
Thank you so much for watching this  grammar course on the past tense. 
4984
16868719
4160
Thank you so much for watching this grammar course on the past tense.
281:12
Now, if you haven’t had a chance to check  out my grammar course on the present tense  
4985
16872879
4240
Now, if you haven't had a chance to check out my grammar course on the present tense
281:17
or the future tense, make sure you do that now. Thank you again for watching and I will see you  
4986
16877119
4961
or the future tense, make sure you do that now. Thank you again for watching and I will see you
281:22
next time. Bye. 
4987
16882080
3760
next time. āĻŦāĻŋāĻĻāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤
281:32
Hi, everyone.
4988
16892240
879
āĻ¸āĻŦāĻžāĻ‡ āĻ•ā§‡āĻŽāĻ¨ āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡āĻ¨.
281:33
I'm Esther.
4989
16893119
1201
āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ‡āĻ¸ā§āĻŸāĻžāĻ°āĨ¤
281:34
In this video, I will introduce the future simple tense
4990
16894320
3359
In this video, I will introduce the future simple tense
281:37
using 'will' and 'be going to'.
4991
16897680
2160
using 'will' and 'be going to'.
281:40
This is a very important tense that will help you express future actions and plans.
4992
16900561
5600
This is a very important tense that will help you express future actions and plans.
281:46
There's a lot to learn, so let's get started.
4993
16906160
2320
There's a lot to learn, so let's get started.
281:51
The future simple tense can be used to express a future action.
4994
16911920
3920
The future simple tense can be used to express a future action.
281:56
Let's take a look at some examples.
4995
16916400
1760
āĻ†āĻ¸ā§āĻ¨ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ›ā§ āĻ‰āĻĻāĻžāĻšāĻ°āĻŖ āĻĻā§‡āĻ–ā§‡ āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•āĨ¤
281:58
‘I'm cold.’
4996
16918959
881
'I'm cold.'
282:00
Well that's right now.
4997
16920400
1199
Well that's right now.
282:02
‘I will close the window.’
4998
16922480
1600
'I will close the window.'
282:04
We start with the subject ‘will’.
4999
16924879
2801
We start with the subject 'will'.
282:07
And then, the base verb.
5000
16927680
1840
And then, the base verb.
282:09
‘I will close the window.’
5001
16929520
1359
'I will close the window.'
282:11
In this example, I'm making a sudden decision because how I feel right now.
5002
16931600
4480
In this example, I'm making a sudden decision because how I feel right now.
282:17
I will close the window because I'm cold right now.
5003
16937199
4801
I will close the window because I'm cold right now.
282:22
‘I will be at the library tomorrow.’
5004
16942000
2561
'I will be at the library tomorrow.'
282:25
Again, you start with the subject and then ‘will’.
5005
16945359
3121
Again, you start with the subject and then 'will'.
282:29
After that, you have the base verb.
5006
16949439
2160
After that, you have the base verb.
282:32
You can use the ‘be’ verb to talk about a confirmed plan.
5007
16952320
3520
You can use the 'be' verb to talk about a confirmed plan.
282:36
‘I will be at the library tomorrow.’
5008
16956639
2400
'I will be at the library tomorrow.'
282:40
The economy will get better next year.
5009
16960320
2879
The economy will get better next year.
282:43
In this case, the subject is ‘the economy’.
5010
16963920
2719
In this case, the subject is 'the economy'.
282:47
Again, we follow with ‘will’ and the base verb ‘get’.
5011
16967439
3520
Again, we follow with 'will' and the base verb 'get'.
282:51
‘The economy will get better next year.’
5012
16971680
3039
'The economy will get better next year.'
282:54
I'm making a prediction here about something that will happen in the future.
5013
16974719
4160
I'm making a prediction here about something that will happen in the future.
282:59
And finally, ‘I will help you with your homework.’
5014
16979680
3039
And finally, 'I will help you with your homework.'
283:03
I'm making a future plan to help you.
5015
16983439
2400
I'm making a future plan to help you.
283:06
‘I will help you with your homework.’
5016
16986561
2799
'I will help you with your homework.'
283:09
It doesn't say when but I am talking about the future.
5017
16989359
3520
It doesn't say when but I am talking about the future.
283:13
Let's move on.
5018
16993439
801
āĻšāĻ˛ āĻāĻ—ā§‹āĻ‡.
283:15
You can also use ‘be going to’ to express a future action.
5019
16995119
4881
You can also use 'be going to' to express a future action.
283:20
It's almost the same as ‘will’.
5020
17000000
2080
It's almost the same as 'will'.
283:22
Here are some examples.
5021
17002639
1361
Here are some examples.
283:24
‘There's no milk.
5022
17004879
1201
'There's no milk.
283:26
I'm going to buy some.’
5023
17006719
1682
I'm going to buy some.'
283:29
So what you see here is the subject and then the ‘be’ verb - ‘am’.
5024
17009119
4480
So what you see here is the subject and then the 'be' verb - 'am'.
283:34
‘I am’
5025
17014320
799
'I am'
283:35
And then here we used a contraction ‘I'm’.
5026
17015840
3279
And then here we used a contraction 'I'm'.
283:39
‘I'm going to buy some.’
5027
17019920
2080
'I'm going to buy some.'
283:42
I made a decision to buy some because there's no milk.
5028
17022000
3840
I made a decision to buy some because there's no milk.
283:46
The next sentence says, ‘It looks like it's going to snow tomorrow.’
5029
17026561
4559
The next sentence says, 'It looks like it's going to snow tomorrow.'
283:51
Here the subject is ‘it’ and so I use the ‘be’ verb – ‘is’.
5030
17031920
4615
Here the subject is 'it' and so I use the 'be' verb – 'is'.
283:56
‘it is’
5031
17036535
344
'it is'
283:57
‘It's’ is the contraction.
5032
17037439
3199
'It's' is the contraction.
284:01
‘It's going to’ And then we use the base verb ‘snow’.
5033
17041520
4080
'It's going to' And then we use the base verb 'snow'.
284:06
The word ‘tomorrow’ shows that this is a future action.
5034
17046719
3920
The word 'tomorrow' shows that this is a future action.
284:12
‘He's going to take a trip in the summer.’
5035
17052080
2799
'He's going to take a trip in the summer.'
284:15
Because the subject is ‘he’, we use the ‘be’ verb – is.
5036
17055840
4320
Because the subject is 'he', we use the 'be' verb – is.
284:20
And we can use the contraction ‘he's’. ‘he is’ or ‘he's’ going to
5037
17060160
6400
And we can use the contraction 'he's'. 'he is' or 'he's' going to
284:26
And then the base verb ‘take’
5038
17066561
1920
And then the base verb 'take'
284:29
‘take a trip in the summer’
5039
17069199
2320
'take a trip in the summer'
284:31
Again an action happening in the future.
5040
17071520
2801
Again an action happening in the future.
284:34
Let's move on.
5041
17074879
801
āĻšāĻ˛ āĻāĻ—ā§‹āĻ‡.
284:36
Now, let's take a look at the negative form of
5042
17076320
2959
Now, let's take a look at the negative form of
284:39
the future simple tense.
5043
17079279
1439
the future simple tense.
284:41
The first example says, ‘Stan will not like his English score.’
5044
17081359
4561
The first example says, 'Stan will not like his English score.'
284:46
No matter what the subject is, we follow with ‘will not’ and then the
5045
17086561
5119
No matter what the subject is, we follow with 'will not' and then the
284:51
base form of the verb.
5046
17091680
1279
base form of the verb.
284:53
‘Stan will not like his English score.’
5047
17093680
3119
'Stan will not like his English score.'
284:58
‘We won't give you money anymore.’
5048
17098000
2639
'We won't give you money anymore.'
285:01
In this case, the subject is ‘we’.
5049
17101199
2641
In this case, the subject is 'we'.
285:03
And we follow with the contraction ‘won't’.
5050
17103840
2480
And we follow with the contraction 'won't'.
285:07
It sounds really different and it's different from other contractions,
5051
17107039
3920
It sounds really different and it's different from other contractions,
285:10
but ‘won't’ is the contraction for ‘will not’
5052
17110959
3121
but 'won't' is the contraction for 'will not'
285:14
so you can say ‘we will not’ or ‘we won't’.
5053
17114639
4160
so you can say 'we will not' or 'we won't'.
285:18
They're the same.
5054
17118799
721
They're the same.
285:20
‘We won't give you money anymore.’
5055
17120320
2240
'We won't give you money anymore.'
285:23
Again, you notice the base verb ‘give’ after ‘not’.
5056
17123119
3840
Again, you notice the base verb 'give' after 'not'.
285:28
‘He is not going to fly until next week.’
5057
17128320
3520
'He is not going to fly until next week.'
285:32
This sentence uses ‘be going to’.
5058
17132719
2320
This sentence uses 'be going to'.
285:35
The subject is ‘he’.
5059
17135840
2320
The subject is 'he'.
285:38
And therefore the ‘be’ verb we use is – ‘is’
5060
17138160
2959
And therefore the 'be' verb we use is – 'is'
285:42
However we put a ‘not’ after the ‘be’ verb.
5061
17142080
3520
However we put a 'not' after the 'be' verb.
285:46
‘He is not going to â€Ļ’ And then the base verb.
5062
17146320
4318
'He is not going to â€Ļ' And then the base verb.
285:51
‘He is not going to fly until next week.’
5063
17151680
3920
'He is not going to fly until next week.'
285:56
The last sentence says, ‘You are not going to go to the party tonight.’
5064
17156561
5199
The last sentence says, 'You are not going to go to the party tonight.'
286:02
The subject is ‘you’ and so we use the ‘be’ verb – ‘are’.
5065
17162719
3842
The subject is 'you' and so we use the 'be' verb – 'are'.
286:07
‘You are not going to go â€Ļ’ That's the base verb.
5066
17167279
4080
'You are not going to go â€Ļ' That's the base verb.
286:11
‘â€Ļ to the party tonight.’
5067
17171359
1680
'â€Ļ to the party tonight.'
286:13
Let's move on.
5068
17173840
1119
āĻšāĻ˛ āĻāĻ—ā§‹āĻ‡.
286:14
Now let's take a look at how to form basic questions in the future simple tense.
5069
17174959
5121
Now let's take a look at how to form basic questions in the future simple tense.
286:21
The first sentence says, ‘He will play with us.’
5070
17181119
2641
The first sentence says, 'He will play with us.'
286:24
To turn this into a question, all we have to do is change the order of the
5071
17184879
4641
To turn this into a question, all we have to do is change the order of the
286:29
first two words.
5072
17189520
961
first two words.
286:31
So ‘He will becomes ‘Will he’.
5073
17191039
3201
So 'He will becomes 'Will he'.
286:34
‘Will he play with us?’
5074
17194240
1359
'Will he play with us?'
286:36
‘The next sentence says, ‘He is going to play with us.’
5075
17196959
3441
'The next sentence says, 'He is going to play with us.'
286:41
This one uses ‘be going to’.
5076
17201199
1920
This one uses 'be going to'.
286:43
The subject is ‘he’.
5077
17203840
1920
The subject is 'he'.
286:45
And so the ‘be’ verb to use is – ‘is’.
5078
17205760
2721
And so the 'be' verb to use is – 'is'.
286:49
Then we have ‘going to’ and then the base verb.
5079
17209439
3121
Then we have 'going to' and then the base verb.
286:53
‘He is going to play with us.’
5080
17213199
1600
'He is going to play with us.'
286:55
When I make a question, I simply again change the order of the first two words.
5081
17215760
5199
When I make a question, I simply again change the order of the first two words.
287:01
‘Is he going to play with us?’
5082
17221680
2160
'Is he going to play with us?'
287:04
Now if the subject were to be ‘you’ or ‘we’ or ‘they’,
5083
17224719
4480
Now if the subject were to be 'you' or 'we' or 'they',
287:09
we would say ‘they are’.
5084
17229199
1840
we would say 'they are'.
287:11
And so the question would say, ‘Are they'.
5085
17231039
2561
And so the question would say, 'Are they'.
287:14
'Are they going to play with them?’
5086
17234400
2238
'Are they going to play with them?'
287:16
for example.
5087
17236639
801
for example.
287:18
So again, remember, for ‘will’ in the future simple tense,
5088
17238240
4799
So again, remember, for 'will' in the future simple tense,
287:23
just say ‘will’ subject and then the base form of the verb.
5089
17243039
4320
just say 'will' subject and then the base form of the verb.
287:28
However for ‘be going to’ questions, make sure that you pay attention to the proper
5090
17248080
6080
However for 'be going to' questions, make sure that you pay attention to the proper
287:34
'be' verb to use at the beginning of the question.
5091
17254160
2799
'be' verb to use at the beginning of the question.
287:37
To answer the first question, ‘Will he play with us?’
5092
17257760
3520
To answer the first question, 'Will he play with us?'
287:41
You can say ‘Yes, he will’ or ‘No, he won't’.
5093
17261279
3920
You can say 'Yes, he will' or 'No, he won't'.
287:46
‘Is he going to play with us?’
5094
17266400
2000
'Is he going to play with us?'
287:48
You can say, ‘Yes, he's going to’ or ‘No, he isn't going to’.
5095
17268400
5039
You can say, 'Yes, he's going to' or 'No, he isn't going to'.
287:54
Let's move on.
5096
17274320
1279
āĻšāĻ˛ āĻāĻ—ā§‹āĻ‡.
287:55
Let's look at how to form ‘WH’ questions in the future simple tense.
5097
17275600
4881
Let's look at how to form 'WH' questions in the future simple tense.
288:01
If you notice each question begins with a ‘WH’ word.
5098
17281439
4400
If you notice each question begins with a 'WH' word.
288:05
Who
5099
17285840
320
Who
288:06
When
5100
17286799
320
When
288:07
Where
5101
17287680
641
Where
288:08
And What
5102
17288320
639
And What
288:10
The first two sentences use ‘will’ for the future simple tense.
5103
17290080
4320
The first two sentences use 'will' for the future simple tense.
288:15
‘Who will win the game?’
5104
17295039
1201
'Who will win the game?'
288:17
To answer I can say, ‘My team will win the game.’
5105
17297199
3201
To answer I can say, 'My team will win the game.'
288:21
‘When will they arrive?’
5106
17301680
1680
'When will they arrive?'
288:24
‘They will arrive in two hours.’
5107
17304240
2000
'They will arrive in two hours.'
288:27
Now these two sentences have ‘be going to’.
5108
17307840
3439
Now these two sentences have 'be going to'.
288:32
‘Where is he going to study?’
5109
17312400
2000
'Where is he going to study?'
288:35
In this case, I have the ‘be’ verb – ‘is’ because the subject is ‘he’.
5110
17315119
4721
In this case, I have the 'be' verb – 'is' because the subject is 'he'.
288:40
‘Where is he going to study?’
5111
17320561
1920
'Where is he going to study?'
288:43
I can say, ‘He is going to study at the library.’
5112
17323119
3441
I can say, 'He is going to study at the library.'
288:47
And finally, ‘What are you going to do?’
5113
17327119
3281
And finally, 'What are you going to do?'
288:51
In this case, I use the ‘be’ verb – ‘are’ because the subject is ‘you’.
5114
17331119
4480
In this case, I use the 'be' verb – 'are' because the subject is 'you'.
288:56
‘What are you going to do?’
5115
17336400
1359
'What are you going to do?'
288:58
‘I am going to take a shower.’
5116
17338639
1842
'I am going to take a shower.'
289:01
Let's move on.
5117
17341279
801
āĻšāĻ˛ āĻāĻ—ā§‹āĻ‡.
289:02
For this checkup let's take a look at the will usage for the future simple tense.
5118
17342639
5201
For this checkup let's take a look at the will usage for the future simple tense.
289:08
The first example says, ‘Jen and Paul [blank] home soon’
5119
17348561
5039
The first example says, 'Jen and Paul [blank] home soon'
289:13
with the verb ‘go’.
5120
17353600
1199
with the verb 'go'.
289:15
Remember, when using ‘will’ for the future simple tense,
5121
17355760
4000
Remember, when using 'will' for the future simple tense,
289:19
it doesn't matter what the subject is.
5122
17359760
2641
it doesn't matter what the subject is.
289:22
We say ‘will’ and then the base verb.
5123
17362400
2959
We say 'will' and then the base verb.
289:25
So here we can say, ‘Jen and Paul’ or ‘They will go home soon’.
5124
17365359
6400
So here we can say, 'Jen and Paul' or 'They will go home soon'.
289:33
‘I [blank] a scientist after I graduate.’
5125
17373119
3201
'I [blank] a scientist after I graduate.'
289:37
Try filling in the blank with ‘be’.
5126
17377359
1840
Try filling in the blank with 'be'.
289:40
Again, we simply say ‘will be’.
5127
17380320
3359
Again, we simply say 'will be'.
289:44
‘I will be a scientist after I graduate.’
5128
17384719
3441
'I will be a scientist after I graduate.'
289:49
Now try this one, ‘We [blank] that because it smells bad.’
5129
17389199
5920
Now try this one, 'We [blank] that because it smells bad.'
289:55
I want you to use the negative form with the verb ‘eat’.
5130
17395119
3441
I want you to use the negative form with the verb 'eat'.
290:00
Here we say, ‘will not eat’ or remember we can use the contraction ‘won't’.
5131
17400879
8641
Here we say, 'will not eat' or remember we can use the contraction 'won't'.
290:10
‘We will not eat that’ or ‘We won't eat that because it smells bad’.
5132
17410400
5680
'We will not eat that' or 'We won't eat that because it smells bad'.
290:17
Now look for the mistake in this sentence.
5133
17417119
2721
Now look for the mistake in this sentence.
290:22
‘I will eat a pizza for lunch.’
5134
17422719
2721
'I will eat a pizza for lunch.'
290:26
Remember, we need the base form of the verb.
5135
17426480
3119
Remember, we need the base form of the verb.
290:30
‘I will eat a pizza for lunch.’
5136
17430320
3279
'I will eat a pizza for lunch.'
290:34
‘Angie and I will playing a game.’
5137
17434879
2881
'Angie and I will playing a game.'
290:38
Again we need the base form of the verb.
5138
17438719
3041
Again we need the base form of the verb.
290:42
Angie and I will play a game.’
5139
17442480
4080
Angie and I will play a game.'
290:46
And finally, ‘Will she be cook dinner?’
5140
17446561
3279
And finally, 'Will she be cook dinner?'
290:50
This is a question.
5141
17450719
1121
This is a question.
290:52
However we need to say, ‘Will she cook dinner.’
5142
17452719
6000
However we need to say, 'Will she cook dinner.'
290:58
We do not need a ‘be’ verb here.
5143
17458719
2160
We do not need a 'be' verb here.
291:01
Let's move on.
5144
17461600
801
āĻšāĻ˛ āĻāĻ—ā§‹āĻ‡.
291:03
Let's practice the ‘be going to’ usage of the future simple tense.
5145
17463199
4400
Let's practice the 'be going to' usage of the future simple tense.
291:08
‘We [blank] going to _blank_ soccer.’
5146
17468639
3281
'We [blank] going to _blank_ soccer.'
291:12
I want you to use the verb ‘watch’.
5147
17472561
2078
I want you to use the verb 'watch'.
291:15
Remember, for ‘be going to’ in the future simple tense,
5148
17475680
4000
Remember, for 'be going to' in the future simple tense,
291:19
we start with the subject and then the ‘be’ verb.
5149
17479680
3039
we start with the subject and then the 'be' verb.
291:23
The subject here is ‘we’.
5150
17483439
1920
The subject here is 'we'.
291:25
So we need the ‘be’ verb – ‘are’.
5151
17485359
2000
So we need the 'be' verb – 'are'.
291:28
‘We are going to’ and then the base verb ‘watch’.
5152
17488160
4719
'We are going to' and then the base verb 'watch'.
291:35
‘We are going to watch soccer.’
5153
17495199
2400
'We are going to watch soccer.'
291:38
‘I [blank] going to [blank].’
5154
17498879
3041
'I [blank] going to [blank].'
291:41
The verb is ‘talk’.
5155
17501920
1520
The verb is 'talk'.
291:43
And I want you to use the negative form.
5156
17503439
2320
And I want you to use the negative form.
291:47
In this case, the subject is ‘I’.
5157
17507039
2400
In this case, the subject is 'I'.
291:49
And so I use the ‘be’ verb – ‘am’.
5158
17509439
2240
And so I use the 'be' verb – 'am'.
291:52
‘I am’ and then we need ‘not’.
5159
17512959
2881
'I am' and then we need 'not'.
291:56
‘I am not going to’
5160
17516799
1602
'I am not going to'
292:00
Then the base verb ‘talk’.
5161
17520799
1920
Then the base verb 'talk'.
292:04
‘Why [blank] you going to [blank]?’
5162
17524160
2479
'Why [blank] you going to [blank]?'
292:07
The verb here is ‘go’.
5163
17527199
1361
The verb here is 'go'.
292:09
In a question, especially a ‘WH’ question, we start with the ‘WH’ word,
5164
17529680
5760
In a question, especially a 'WH' question, we start with the 'WH' word,
292:15
and then the ‘be’ verb.
5165
17535439
1279
and then the 'be' verb.
292:17
‘are’ is the correct ‘be’ verb because the subject is ‘you’.
5166
17537680
3359
'are' is the correct 'be' verb because the subject is 'you'.
292:21
Then we have ‘going to’.
5167
17541920
2320
Then we have 'going to'.
292:24
And again, the base form of the verb.
5168
17544240
2959
And again, the base form of the verb.
292:27
‘Why are you going to go?’
5169
17547840
1520
'Why are you going to go?'
292:30
Now try to find the mistake in the next sentence.
5170
17550480
3039
Now try to find the mistake in the next sentence.
292:35
‘You are going to studying at home.’
5171
17555439
2400
'You are going to studying at home.'
292:38
Can you find the mistake?
5172
17558799
1281
āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ­ā§āĻ˛ āĻ–ā§āĻāĻœā§‡ āĻĒā§‡āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡āĻ¨?
292:41
‘You are going to’ that's correct.
5173
17561359
3041
'You are going to' that's correct.
292:44
But we need the base form of the verb.
5174
17564400
2398
But we need the base form of the verb.
292:48
‘You are going to study at home.’
5175
17568000
3840
'You are going to study at home.'
292:52
‘You will be going to learn English.’
5176
17572639
2721
'You will be going to learn English.'
292:56
‘You will be going’
5177
17576879
1441
'You will be going'
292:59
That sounds a little strange.
5178
17579600
1439
That sounds a little strange.
293:01
Remember, we don't need the ‘will’ here.
5179
17581840
2561
Remember, we don't need the 'will' here.
293:04
We're using ‘be going to’ and we need to change the ‘be’ verb to match the subject.
5180
17584400
6559
We're using 'be going to' and we need to change the 'be' verb to match the subject.
293:12
‘You are going to learn English’.
5181
17592080
2959
'You are going to learn English'.
293:15
Or remember, you can also say, ‘You will learn English.
5182
17595039
5281
Or remember, you can also say, 'You will learn English.
293:20
and finally ‘Is he going to do play soccer.’
5183
17600320
4000
and finally 'Is he going to do play soccer.'
293:25
uh-oh We have two verbs here.
5184
17605119
2320
uh-oh We have two verbs here.
293:28
‘Is he going to’ - that's correct.
5185
17608000
2799
'Is he going to' - that's correct.
293:30
But we have ‘do’ and ‘play’.
5186
17610799
2480
But we have 'do' and 'play'.
293:33
We don't need both, so we say, ‘Is he going to play soccer?’
5187
17613279
5359
We don't need both, so we say, 'Is he going to play soccer?'
293:39
Great job everybody.
5188
17619520
1359
Great job everybody.
293:40
Let's move on.
5189
17620879
1281
āĻšāĻ˛ āĻāĻ—ā§‹āĻ‡.
293:42
Great job, everyone.
5190
17622160
1199
Great job, everyone.
293:43
You now have a better understanding of the future simple tense.
5191
17623359
4400
You now have a better understanding of the future simple tense.
293:47
There's still a lot of practice you need to do because this tense is so important.
5192
17627760
4959
There's still a lot of practice you need to do because this tense is so important.
293:52
Keep studying and I'll see you in the next video. 
5193
17632719
9121
Keep studying and I'll see you in the next video.
294:03
Hi, everybody.
5194
17643680
959
āĻ¸āĻŦāĻžāĻ‡ āĻ•ā§‡āĻŽāĻ¨ āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡āĻ¨.
294:04
I'm Esther.
5195
17644639
1361
āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ‡āĻ¸ā§āĻŸāĻžāĻ°āĨ¤
294:06
In this video, I will introduce the future continuous English grammar tense.
5196
17646000
4719
In this video, I will introduce the future continuous English grammar tense.
294:11
This tense can be used to express an ongoing action in the future.
5197
17651439
4400
This tense can be used to express an ongoing action in the future.
294:16
I'll go over the basics of this lesson.
5198
17656561
2479
I'll go over the basics of this lesson.
294:19
And by the end you'll have a better idea of when to use this tense.
5199
17659039
4801
And by the end you'll have a better idea of when to use this tense.
294:23
There's a lot to learn, so let's get started.
5200
17663840
2160
There's a lot to learn, so let's get started.
294:29
One usage of the future continuous tense
5201
17669439
3041
One usage of the future continuous tense
294:32
is to talk about an ongoing action that will happen in the future.
5202
17672480
4238
is to talk about an ongoing action that will happen in the future.
294:37
We include when this action will be happening.
5203
17677279
2801
We include when this action will be happening.
294:40
We can use ‘will be’ or ‘be going to be’.
5204
17680719
3842
We can use 'will be' or 'be going to be'.
294:44
To do this, let's take a look at some examples.
5205
17684561
2959
To do this, let's take a look at some examples.
294:48
‘I will be taking the test soon.’
5206
17688480
2799
'I will be taking the test soon.'
294:52
So you can see here we have the subject and then ‘will be’.
5207
17692000
4240
So you can see here we have the subject and then 'will be'.
294:57
After that, we include verb +ing.
5208
17697119
2721
After that, we include verb +ing.
295:00
The word ‘soon’ at the end of this sentence indicates when this action will be happening.
5209
17700719
5920
The word 'soon' at the end of this sentence indicates when this action will be happening.
295:07
‘I am going to be taking the test soon.’
5210
17707760
4080
'I am going to be taking the test soon.'
295:11
This sentence means the same thing as the first sentence,
5211
17711840
3840
This sentence means the same thing as the first sentence,
295:15
but instead of ‘will be’, we used ‘be going to be’.
5212
17715680
3680
but instead of 'will be', we used 'be going to be'.
295:20
Here the subject is ‘I’.
5213
17720080
1600
Here the subject is 'I'.
295:22
And therefore we have the ‘be’ verb ‘am’.
5214
17722320
2398
And therefore we have the 'be' verb 'am'.
295:25
‘I am going to be’ And then verb +ing.
5215
17725279
4400
'I am going to be' And then verb +ing.
295:30
‘I am going to be taking the test soon.’
5216
17730400
2559
'I am going to be taking the test soon.'
295:33
I can also use the contraction and say.
5217
17733760
2641
I can also use the contraction and say.
295:36
‘I'm going to be taking the test soon.’
5218
17736400
3439
'I'm going to be taking the test soon.'
295:40
The next sentence says, ‘He will be sleeping by 10 p.m.’
5219
17740400
4080
The next sentence says, 'He will be sleeping by 10 pm'
295:45
And the last sentence says, ‘They are going to be â€Ļ’
5220
17745439
4000
And the last sentence says, 'They are going to be â€Ļ'
295:49
Here, because the subject is ‘they’, we use ‘are’.
5221
17749439
2961
Here, because the subject is 'they', we use 'are'.
295:52
‘They are going to be studying â€Ļ’ There's the verb +ing
5222
17752959
3920
'They are going to be studying â€Ļ' There's the verb +ing
295:56
‘â€Ļ next October.’
5223
17756879
1760
'â€Ļ next October.'
295:59
‘by 10 pm’ and ‘next October’ show when these actions will be happening.
5224
17759600
6240
'by 10 pm' and 'next October' show when these actions will be happening.
296:06
Let's move on.
5225
17766400
1520
āĻšāĻ˛ āĻāĻ—ā§‹āĻ‡.
296:07
The future continuous tense is also used to show
5226
17767920
3680
The future continuous tense is also used to show
296:11
that a short action in the future is happening
5227
17771600
3840
that a short action in the future is happening
296:15
during or while a longer action is in progress in the future,.
5228
17775439
4801
during or while a longer action is in progress in the future,.
296:20
We can use the word ‘when’ to show when the shorter action occurs.
5229
17780799
4480
We can use the word 'when' to show when the shorter action occurs.
296:25
Take a look at the first example,
5230
17785920
1760
Take a look at the first example,
296:28
‘I will be sleeping when they arrive.’
5231
17788480
2639
'I will be sleeping when they arrive.'
296:31
Here we see two actions,
5232
17791760
2160
Here we see two actions,
296:33
‘I will be sleeping’ and ‘they arrive’.
5233
17793920
3039
'I will be sleeping' and 'they arrive'.
296:38
The part of the sentence that's in the future continuous tense is the longer action
5234
17798080
5439
The part of the sentence that's in the future continuous tense is the longer action
296:43
that's in progress in the future.
5235
17803520
2000
that's in progress in the future.
296:46
‘I will be sleeping.’
5236
17806160
2400
'I will be sleeping.'
296:48
Remember, ‘I will be’ and then verb +ing.
5237
17808561
3520
Remember, 'I will be' and then verb +ing.
296:53
This is the action that is ongoing in the future.
5238
17813039
3441
This is the action that is ongoing in the future.
296:57
Then we see ‘when they arrive’.
5239
17817279
2320
Then we see 'when they arrive'.
297:00
This is in the present tense.
5240
17820240
2240
This is in the present tense.
297:02
‘they arrive’
5241
17822480
1600
'they arrive'
297:04
This is the shorter action that happens while this action is ongoing.
5242
17824080
5760
This is the shorter action that happens while this action is ongoing.
297:11
‘We will be having dinner when the movie starts.’
5243
17831279
3281
'We will be having dinner when the movie starts.'
297:15
This is very similar to the first sentence.
5244
17835199
2641
This is very similar to the first sentence.
297:18
‘We will be having dinner â€Ļ’
5245
17838400
2080
'We will be having dinner â€Ļ'
297:20
That's the ongoing action that will happen in the future.
5246
17840480
3600
That's the ongoing action that will happen in the future.
297:24
And while this is happening, the movie will start.
5247
17844799
4160
And while this is happening, the movie will start.
297:28
But again, we use the present tense here.
5248
17848959
2721
But again, we use the present tense here.
297:31
‘the movie starts’
5249
17851680
1680
'the movie starts'
297:33
So we will be having dinner when the movie starts.
5250
17853359
3439
So we will be having dinner when the movie starts.
297:38
‘Tina is going to be working when you leave.’
5251
17858160
3680
'Tina is going to be working when you leave.'
297:41
Remember, we can use ‘be going to be’ in this tense so,
5252
17861840
4799
Remember, we can use 'be going to be' in this tense so,
297:47
‘She is going to be working when you leave.’
5253
17867359
2641
'She is going to be working when you leave.'
297:50
This shorter action will happen while this ongoing action is in progress.
5254
17870561
5359
This shorter action will happen while this ongoing action is in progress.
297:56
And finally, ‘It will be raining when you go shopping’.
5255
17876639
4080
And finally, 'It will be raining when you go shopping'.
298:01
Again, this is the ongoing action.
5256
17881279
3121
Again, this is the ongoing action.
298:04
And this is the shorter action.
5257
17884400
2000
And this is the shorter action.
298:07
Let's move on.
5258
17887199
1281
āĻšāĻ˛ āĻāĻ—ā§‹āĻ‡.
298:08
Now, I'll talk about the negative form of the future continuous tense.
5259
17888480
4398
Now, I'll talk about the negative form of the future continuous tense.
298:13
Here are some examples:
5260
17893439
1279
Here are some examples:
298:15
‘He will not be reading before bed.’
5261
17895520
2721
'He will not be reading before bed.'
298:19
For the negative form, after the subject and ‘will’, we say ‘not be’.
5262
17899039
5600
For the negative form, after the subject and 'will', we say 'not be'.
298:24
And then verb +ing.
5263
17904639
1842
And then verb +ing.
298:27
‘He will not be reading before bed.’
5264
17907359
2801
'He will not be reading before bed.'
298:30
He'll be doing something else.
5265
17910719
1441
He'll be doing something else.
298:33
The next sentence says,
5266
17913279
1520
The next sentence says,
298:34
‘My dad won't be cheering when the game ends.’
5267
17914799
3361
'My dad won't be cheering when the game ends.'
298:38
So this is very similar to the first sentence.
5268
17918799
2881
So this is very similar to the first sentence.
298:41
We have the subject, ‘my dad,’
5269
17921680
2080
We have the subject, 'my dad,'
298:44
and instead of ‘will not’ we use the contraction ‘won't’.
5270
17924480
3520
and instead of 'will not' we use the contraction 'won't'.
298:48
Remember, ‘won't’ is a contraction for ‘will not’.
5271
17928561
3439
Remember, 'won't' is a contraction for 'will not'.
298:52
‘My dad won't â€Ļ’ and then we have ‘be’ verb +ing.
5272
17932799
4641
'My dad won't â€Ļ' and then we have 'be' verb +ing.
298:58
‘My dad won't be cheering when the game ends.’
5273
17938400
3039
'My dad won't be cheering when the game ends.'
299:02
The next sentence says, ‘He is not going to be working tomorrow.’
5274
17942480
4398
The next sentence says, 'He is not going to be working tomorrow.'
299:07
Here we have the ‘be going to be’.
5275
17947680
2480
Here we have the 'be going to be'.
299:10
So ‘he’ is the subject and so we use the ‘be’ verb ‘is’.
5276
17950959
4000
So 'he' is the subject and so we use the 'be' verb 'is'.
299:15
After the ‘be’ verb, we say ‘not’.
5277
17955920
2160
After the 'be' verb, we say 'not'.
299:23
He is not going to ‘be’ verb +ing.
5278
17963119
1498
He is not going to 'be' verb +ing.
299:24
‘He is not going to be working tomorrow.’
5279
17964617
1784
'He is not going to be working tomorrow.'
299:27
Remember, we can also use a contraction here and say,
5280
17967199
4000
Remember, we can also use a contraction here and say,
299:31
‘He isn't going to be working tomorrow.’
5281
17971199
3361
'He isn't going to be working tomorrow.'
299:34
That's okay as well.
5282
17974561
1119
That's okay as well.
299:36
‘We aren't going to be shopping on Sunday.’
5283
17976799
2961
'We aren't going to be shopping on Sunday.'
299:40
Here the subject is ‘we’.
5284
17980561
2318
Here the subject is 'we'.
299:42
And so the ‘be’ verb to use is ‘are’.
5285
17982879
2480
And so the 'be' verb to use is 'are'.
299:46
I use the contraction here ‘aren't’ for ‘are not’.
5286
17986320
3359
I use the contraction here 'aren't' for 'are not'.
299:50
‘We are not â€Ļ’ or ‘We aren't going to be shopping on Sunday.’
5287
17990400
5359
'We are not â€Ļ' or 'We aren't going to be shopping on Sunday.'
299:56
Great job.
5288
17996400
879
āĻĻāĻžāĻ°ā§‚āĻ¨ āĻ•āĻžāĻœ.
299:57
Let's move on.
5289
17997279
1281
āĻšāĻ˛ āĻāĻ—ā§‹āĻ‡.
299:58
Now let's talk about how to form basic questions in the future continuous tense.
5290
17998561
5600
Now let's talk about how to form basic questions in the future continuous tense.
300:04
Take a look at this first sentence.
5291
18004719
2320
Take a look at this first sentence.
300:07
It says, ‘He will be traveling next month.’
5292
18007039
3201
It says, 'He will be traveling next month.'
300:10
Now, to turn this into a question,
5293
18010959
2801
Now, to turn this into a question,
300:13
all you have to do is change the order of the first two words.
5294
18013760
4240
all you have to do is change the order of the first two words.
300:18
So ‘He will’ becomes ‘Will he’.
5295
18018000
2879
So 'He will' becomes 'Will he'.
300:21
‘Will he be traveling next month?’
5296
18021760
1920
'Will he be traveling next month?'
300:24
You'll notice that the rest of the words don't change.
5297
18024561
3279
You'll notice that the rest of the words don't change.
300:28
Only the first two words.
5298
18028400
1760
Only the first two words.
300:30
So, ‘Will he be traveling next month?’
5299
18030719
3361
So, 'Will he be traveling next month?'
300:34
To answer you can say, ‘Yes, he will.’
5300
18034080
3199
To answer you can say, 'Yes, he will.'
300:37
or ‘No, he won't.’
5301
18037279
1600
or 'No, he won't.'
300:39
The next sentence says, ‘They are going to be living there.’
5302
18039920
3600
The next sentence says, 'They are going to be living there.'
300:44
Again to turn this into a question, simply switch the order of the first two words.
5303
18044561
5920
Again to turn this into a question, simply switch the order of the first two words.
300:51
‘They are’ becomes ‘Are they’.
5304
18051199
1920
'They are' becomes 'Are they'.
300:53
‘Are they going to be living there?’
5305
18053920
2000
'Are they going to be living there?'
300:56
To reply you can say, ‘Yes, they are.’
5306
18056719
3361
To reply you can say, 'Yes, they are.'
301:00
or ‘No, they aren't.’
5307
18060080
1760
āĻ…āĻĨāĻŦāĻž 'āĻ¨āĻž, āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻ¨āĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤'
301:02
Now, you'll notice in these two sentences,
5308
18062480
3199
Now, you'll notice in these two sentences,
301:05
there is no exact point in time that shows when this action will be happening in the
5309
18065680
5680
there is no exact point in time that shows when this action will be happening in the
301:11
future.
5310
18071359
961
future.
301:12
There is no ‘next month’ or anything like that.
5311
18072320
3920
There is no 'next month' or anything like that.
301:16
In that case, it simply means sometime in the future.
5312
18076240
4080
In that case, it simply means sometime in the future.
301:20
So, they are going to be living there sometime in the future.
5313
18080320
4879
So, they are going to be living there sometime in the future.
301:25
That's what that means.
5314
18085199
1041
That's what that means.
301:26
Great job, everyone.
5315
18086799
1281
Great job, everyone.
301:28
Let's move on.
5316
18088080
1199
āĻšāĻ˛ āĻāĻ—ā§‹āĻ‡.
301:29
Now, I'll go into how to form ‘WH’ questions in the future continuous tense.
5317
18089279
5680
Now, I'll go into how to form 'WH' questions in the future continuous tense.
301:35
Take a look at the board.
5318
18095520
1279
Take a look at the board.
301:37
First, you'll notice that all of these questions begin with the ‘Wh’ words -
5319
18097520
5359
First, you'll notice that all of these questions begin with the 'Wh' words -
301:42
‘Where,’ ‘What,’ ‘Who,’ and ‘When’.
5320
18102879
3201
'Where,' 'What,' 'Who,' and 'When'.
301:46
Let's take a look at the first question.
5321
18106879
2000
Let's take a look at the first question.
301:49
‘Where will he be working?’
5322
18109600
2080
'Where will he be working?'
301:52
When we use ‘will be’, we start with ‘Where’ and then ‘will’.
5323
18112561
4238
When we use 'will be', we start with 'Where' and then 'will'.
301:57
After that, we have the subject + be and then verb +ing.
5324
18117840
4160
After that, we have the subject + be and then verb +ing.
302:03
‘Where will he be working?’
5325
18123039
1840
'Where will he be working?'
302:05
I can answer by saying,
5326
18125760
1760
I can answer by saying,
302:07
‘He will’ or ‘He'll be working at the factory.’
5327
18127520
4320
'He will' or 'He'll be working at the factory.'
302:12
The next question says, ‘What will she be watching?’
5328
18132480
3359
The next question says, 'What will she be watching?'
302:16
This is very similar to the first question.
5329
18136719
2961
This is very similar to the first question.
302:19
The only difference is that the subject is now ‘she’ and the verb is different.
5330
18139680
4721
The only difference is that the subject is now 'she' and the verb is different.
302:25
‘What will she be watching?’
5331
18145359
1439
'What will she be watching?'
302:27
I can say, ‘She'll be watching’ or ‘She will be watching her favorite tv show’.
5332
18147680
5600
I can say, 'She'll be watching' or 'She will be watching her favorite tv show'.
302:34
‘Who will they be talking to?’
5333
18154799
1762
'Who will they be talking to?'
302:37
Again, very similar.
5334
18157199
2561
Again, very similar.
302:39
To answer,I can say,
5335
18159760
2160
To answer,I can say,
302:41
‘They will be talking to their mom.’
5336
18161920
2160
'They will be talking to their mom.'
302:45
The last question has ‘be going to be’.
5337
18165359
2801
The last question has 'be going to be'.
302:48
‘When are we â€Ļ’ here the subject is ’we’.
5338
18168959
3121
'When are we â€Ļ' here the subject is 'we'.
302:52
So we start with the ‘be verb’ – ‘are’.
5339
18172080
1760
So we start with the 'be verb' – 'are'.
302:54
‘When are we going to be meeting Casey?’
5340
18174639
2881
'When are we going to be meeting Casey?'
302:58
I can say,
5341
18178320
1039
I can say,
302:59
‘We are going to be meeting Casey later tonight.’
5342
18179359
3359
'We are going to be meeting Casey later tonight.'
303:03
Good job, everybody.
5343
18183600
1199
Good job, everybody.
303:04
Let’s move on.
5344
18184799
801
āĻšāĻ˛ āĻāĻ—ā§‹āĻ‡.
303:06
Let's start a checkup for the future continuous tense.
5345
18186240
3600
Let's start a checkup for the future continuous tense.
303:09
Take a look at the first sentence.
5346
18189840
2240
āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¯āĻŸāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŦāĻžāĻ° āĻĻā§‡āĻ–ā§āĻ¨āĨ¤
303:12
It says, ‘They _blank_ at school tomorrow.’
5347
18192080
3199
It says, 'They _blank_ at school tomorrow.'
303:15
I want you to use ‘will' and then the verb ‘study’, for this tense.
5348
18195840
4320
I want you to use 'will' and then the verb 'study', for this tense.
303:21
Remember, in the future continuous tense,
5349
18201840
2799
Remember, in the future continuous tense,
303:24
no matter what the subject, we say ‘will be’ and then verb +ing.
5350
18204639
5041
no matter what the subject, we say 'will be' and then verb +ing.
303:30
So the correct answer for this sentence is ‘they will be studying’
5351
18210320
5520
So the correct answer for this sentence is 'they will be studying'
303:37
‘They will be studying at school tomorrow.’
5352
18217439
2801
'They will be studying at school tomorrow.'
303:41
The next sentence says.
5353
18221039
1441
The next sentence says.
303:42
‘Jesse _blank_ a TV show later.’
5354
18222480
2959
'Jesse _blank_ a TV show later.'
303:46
Here, instead of ‘will’ try to use ‘be going to be’.
5355
18226320
4160
Here, instead of 'will' try to use 'be going to be'.
303:52
‘Jesse _blank_ watch a TV show later.’
5356
18232561
3920
'Jesse _blank_ watch a TV show later.'
303:56
I want you to use the verb ‘watch’.
5357
18236480
1840
I want you to use the verb 'watch'.
303:59
So, Jessie is a ‘he’ or it can be a ‘she’.
5358
18239199
4160
So, Jessie is a 'he' or it can be a 'she'.
304:03
Sometimes the name is used for a boy or a girl.
5359
18243359
2721
Sometimes the name is used for a boy or a girl.
304:06
Either way I need to use the ‘be’ verb – ‘is’.
5360
18246719
2400
Either way I need to use the 'be' verb – 'is'.
304:09
‘Jesse is going to be’
5361
18249840
4320
'Jesse is going to be'
304:15
and then we need verb +ing.
5362
18255920
2240
and then we need verb +ing.
304:19
‘Jesse is going to be watching a TV show later.’
5363
18259600
4641
'Jesse is going to be watching a TV show later.'
304:25
The next sentence, I want you to find the mistake.
5364
18265359
3041
The next sentence, I want you to find the mistake.
304:31
‘We willn’t be studying at the library today.’
5365
18271039
3361
'We willn't be studying at the library today.'
304:36
‘We will not â€Ļ’
5366
18276480
2238
'We will not â€Ļ'
304:38
What's the contraction for ‘will not’?
5367
18278719
2480
What's the contraction for 'will not'?
304:41
Well it definitely isn't ‘willn’t’.
5368
18281840
2641
Well it definitely isn't 'willn't'.
304:45
The contraction is ‘won't’.
5369
18285680
2400
The contraction is 'won't'.
304:48
‘We won't be studying at the library today.’
5370
18288879
3201
'We won't be studying at the library today.'
304:52
And finally, ‘Sally and I will be meet our friends soon.’
5371
18292959
4641
And finally, 'Sally and I will be meet our friends soon.'
304:58
Remember, we need ‘will be’ and then verb +ing.
5372
18298799
4000
Remember, we need 'will be' and then verb +ing.
305:03
So the correct answer is,
5373
18303520
1760
So the correct answer is,
305:06
‘Sally and I will be meeting our friends soon.’
5374
18306959
3121
'Sally and I will be meeting our friends soon.'
305:11
Good job, everyone.
5375
18311119
1121
āĻ­āĻžāĻ˛ āĻ•āĻžāĻœ, āĻ¸āĻŦāĻžāĻ‡.
305:12
Let's move on.
5376
18312240
1760
āĻšāĻ˛ āĻāĻ—ā§‹āĻ‡.
305:14
Now, let's move on to the next checkup of the future continuous tense.
5377
18314000
5039
Now, let's move on to the next checkup of the future continuous tense.
305:19
Take a look at the first sentence.
5378
18319039
2160
āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¯āĻŸāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŦāĻžāĻ° āĻĻā§‡āĻ–ā§āĻ¨āĨ¤
305:21
It says, ‘He _blank_ at the door when the movie ends.’
5379
18321199
4160
It says, 'He _blank_ at the door when the movie ends.'
305:25
I want you to use ‘will’ and the verb ‘wait’.
5380
18325920
3199
I want you to use 'will' and the verb 'wait'.
305:30
Remember, for this tense, we need ‘will be’ and then verb +ing,
5381
18330561
5359
Remember, for this tense, we need 'will be' and then verb +ing,
305:36
so the correct answer is,
5382
18336639
2000
so the correct answer is,
305:38
‘He will be waiting at the door when the movie ends.’
5383
18338639
4320
'He will be waiting at the door when the movie ends.'
305:44
The next sentence says, ‘We are not â€Ļ’ so this is a negative,
5384
18344160
4879
The next sentence says, 'We are not â€Ļ' so this is a negative,
305:49
‘_blank_ the play when he performs’.
5385
18349039
2721
'_blank_ the play when he performs'.
305:52
Here, instead of ‘will’, I want you to use ‘be going to be’ and the verb ‘see’.
5386
18352400
5680
Here, instead of 'will', I want you to use 'be going to be' and the verb 'see'.
306:00
We already have part of that phrase for you.
5387
18360160
2879
We already have part of that phrase for you.
306:03
‘We are â€Ļ’, here's the ‘be’ verb, ‘not’
5388
18363680
3119
'We are â€Ļ', here's the 'be' verb, 'not'
306:06
so this is negative.
5389
18366799
1521
so this is negative.
306:08
And then we say ‘going to be’
5390
18368320
3760
And then we say 'going to be'
306:13
and then verb +ing.
5391
18373279
1920
and then verb +ing.
306:17
‘We are not going to be seeing the play when he performs.’
5392
18377199
4240
'We are not going to be seeing the play when he performs.'
306:22
Now find the mistake in this sentence.
5393
18382400
2559
Now find the mistake in this sentence.
306:25
‘They won't be stay at home when the delivery man visits.’
5394
18385680
4320
'They won't be stay at home when the delivery man visits.'
306:31
‘They won't be’
5395
18391359
881
'They won't be'
306:32
That's correct in the negative form.
5396
18392879
2160
That's correct in the negative form.
306:35
However, we need verb +ing.
5397
18395680
3359
However, we need verb +ing.
306:39
‘They won't be staying at home when the delivery man visits.’
5398
18399840
3760
'They won't be staying at home when the delivery man visits.'
306:44
And finally, ‘Terry is going to working when the manager arrives’.
5399
18404561
4799
And finally, 'Terry is going to working when the manager arrives'.
306:50
‘Terry’ is a ‘he’ or ‘she’ so ‘is’ is the correct ‘be’ verb to use.
5400
18410480
5600
'Terry' is a 'he' or 'she' so 'is' is the correct 'be' verb to use.
306:56
‘going to’ that's also correct.
5401
18416879
2400
'going to' that's also correct.
306:59
What we're missing here is ‘be’.
5402
18419920
1520
What we're missing here is 'be'.
307:03
‘Terry is going to be working when the manager arrives.’
5403
18423600
3760
'Terry is going to be working when the manager arrives.'
307:08
Good job, everybody.
5404
18428400
1279
Good job, everybody.
307:09
Let's move on.
5405
18429680
801
āĻšāĻ˛ āĻāĻ—ā§‹āĻ‡.
307:11
Now, you have a better understanding of the future continuous tense.
5406
18431359
4480
Now, you have a better understanding of the future continuous tense.
307:15
Please take some time to study and practice this tense as it is very important.
5407
18435840
4799
Please take some time to study and practice this tense as it is very important.
307:21
I know English can be a struggle, but don't worry, I'm here for you.
5408
18441520
3840
I know English can be a struggle, but don't worry, I'm here for you.
307:25
And I believe in you.
5409
18445359
1439
And I believe in you.
307:26
I'll see you in the next video. Hi, everyone.
5410
18446799
11041
āĻĒāĻ°ā§‡āĻ° āĻ­āĻŋāĻĄāĻŋāĻ“āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻž āĻšāĻŦā§‡āĨ¤ āĻ¸āĻŦāĻžāĻ‡ āĻ•ā§‡āĻŽāĻ¨ āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡āĻ¨.
307:37
I’m Esther.
5411
18457840
1199
āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ‡āĻ¸ā§āĻŸāĻžāĻ°āĨ¤
307:39
In this video, I will introduce the future perfect tense.
5412
18459039
3680
In this video, I will introduce the future perfect tense.
307:43
This tense is used to express an action in the future
5413
18463279
3760
This tense is used to express an action in the future
307:47
that will happen by a specific time in the future.
5414
18467039
3041
that will happen by a specific time in the future.
307:50
This tense can be a little difficult to understand but don't worry I will guide you through it
5415
18470799
5762
This tense can be a little difficult to understand but don't worry I will guide you through it
307:56
so keep watching.
5416
18476561
879
so keep watching.
308:01
The future perfect tense is used to express an action in the future
5417
18481039
4961
The future perfect tense is used to express an action in the future
308:06
that will happen by a specific time in the future.
5418
18486000
2879
that will happen by a specific time in the future.
308:09
Let's look at some examples.
5419
18489520
1600
āĻ†āĻ¸ā§āĻ¨ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ›ā§ āĻ‰āĻĻāĻžāĻšāĻ°āĻŖ āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻŋāĨ¤
308:12
The first sentence says,
5420
18492240
1680
The first sentence says,
308:13
‘The snow will have stopped by April.’
5421
18493920
2799
'The snow will have stopped by April.'
308:17
We start with the subject.
5422
18497680
1920
We start with the subject.
308:19
In this case, ‘The snow’.
5423
18499600
1680
In this case, 'The snow'.
308:22
Then, we follow with ‘will have’ and the past participle of the verb.
5424
18502320
5279
Then, we follow with 'will have' and the past participle of the verb.
308:28
In this case, we used ‘stopped’ for the verb ‘stop’.
5425
18508160
4000
In this case, we used 'stopped' for the verb 'stop'.
308:33
At the end of the sentence, you'll notice ‘by April’.
5426
18513199
3201
At the end of the sentence, you'll notice 'by April'.
308:37
‘by April’ shows the specific time in the future when this action will have happened.
5427
18517279
6561
'by April' shows the specific time in the future when this action will have happened.
308:45
The next sentence says,
5428
18525199
1600
The next sentence says,
308:46
‘By the time he graduates, he will have completed five years of study.’
5429
18526799
5041
'By the time he graduates, he will have completed five years of study.'
308:52
In this sentence,
5430
18532879
961
In this sentence,
308:54
‘By the time he graduates’ or the specific time in the future.
5431
18534400
4318
'By the time he graduates' or the specific time in the future.
308:58
comes at the beginning of the sentence
5432
18538719
2000
comes at the beginning of the sentence
309:01
so ‘by’ plus ‘a time in the future’
5433
18541279
3600
so 'by' plus 'a time in the future'
309:04
can come at the end or it can come at the beginning.
5434
18544879
3682
can come at the end or it can come at the beginning.
309:09
‘By the time he graduates, he will have completedâ€Ļ’
5435
18549279
4080
'By the time he graduates, he will have completedâ€Ļ'
309:14
Again, you see ‘subject + will + have’ and the past participle of the verb.
5436
18554000
5920
Again, you see 'subject + will + have' and the past participle of the verb.
309:19
In this case, ‘completed’.
5437
18559920
1600
In this case, 'completed'.
309:22
‘By the time he graduates, he will have completed five years of study.’
5438
18562320
5359
'By the time he graduates, he will have completed five years of study.'
309:28
The next sentence says,
5439
18568639
1602
The next sentence says,
309:30
‘Her arm will have fully healed by the summer.’
5440
18570240
3359
'Her arm will have fully healed by the summer.'
309:34
In this example, ‘by the summer’, the future specific time, comes at the end.
5441
18574400
6000
In this example, 'by the summer', the future specific time, comes at the end.
309:41
By this time in the future, her ‘arm’, that's the subject, will have ‘healed’,
5442
18581359
7279
By this time in the future, her 'arm', that's the subject, will have 'healed',
309:48
the past participle.
5443
18588639
1361
the past participle.
309:50
Here I put ‘fully’ just to show how much it will have healed.
5444
18590561
5279
Here I put 'fully' just to show how much it will have healed.
309:55
I’m just adding an extra description.
5445
18595840
2320
I'm just adding an extra description.
309:59
The last sentence says,
5446
18599199
1520
The last sentence says,
310:00
‘By next month, â€Ļ’ so here we see ‘by’ and ‘the time’ at the beginning of the
5447
18600719
4881
'By next month, â€Ļ' so here we see 'by' and 'the time' at the beginning of the
310:05
sentence.
5448
18605600
480
sentence.
310:06
‘you’, that's the subject.
5449
18606959
2080
'you', that's the subject.
310:09
‘will have received’, there's the past participle.
5450
18609039
3441
'will have received', there's the past participle.
310:12
‘your promotion.’
5451
18612480
879
'your promotion.'
310:14
Again, ‘By next month you will have received your promotion.’
5452
18614240
4799
Again, 'By next month you will have received your promotion.'
310:19
Let's move on.
5453
18619920
799
āĻšāĻ˛ āĻāĻ—ā§‹āĻ‡.
310:21
Now, let's talk about the negative form of the future perfect tense.
5454
18621600
4480
Now, let's talk about the negative form of the future perfect tense.
310:26
Here are some examples.
5455
18626639
1441
Here are some examples.
310:28
Let's take a look.
5456
18628719
801
āĻāĻ° āĻ•āĻŸāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻĒāĻžāĻ¤ āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•.
310:30
The first sentence says,
5457
18630240
1600
The first sentence says,
310:31
‘I will not have graduated from university by July.’
5458
18631840
4000
'I will not have graduated from university by July.'
310:36
First, I want to point out that at the end, I have the specific time in the future,
5459
18636879
5602
First, I want to point out that at the end, I have the specific time in the future,
310:43
‘byJuly’.
5460
18643119
881
'byJuly'.
310:44
Now for the negative form, what I do is say, ‘subject’ and ‘will not have’,
5461
18644799
6320
Now for the negative form, what I do is say, 'subject' and 'will not have',
310:52
then we put the past participle of the verb.
5462
18652080
2959
then we put the past participle of the verb.
310:55
‘I will not have graduated from university by July.’
5463
18655760
5039
'I will not have graduated from university by July.'
311:02
The next sentence says,
5464
18662000
1760
The next sentence says,
311:03
‘Ollie and Max will not have spoken ...’
5465
18663760
3840
'Ollie and Max will not have spoken ...'
311:07
There it is again, ‘will not have’ and then the past participle of speak ...
5466
18667600
5840
There it is again, 'will not have' and then the past participle of speak ...
311:13
which is ‘spoken’.
5467
18673439
1320
which is 'spoken'.
311:14
‘â€Ļ before the plane leaves.’
5468
18674760
3240
'â€Ļ before the plane leaves.'
311:18
Here, instead of the word ‘by’, we used ‘before’ to show a specific time in the
5469
18678000
6080
Here, instead of the word 'by', we used 'before' to show a specific time in the
311:24
future.
5470
18684080
879
311:24
That's okay as well.
5471
18684959
1201
future.
That's okay as well.
311:27
The next sentence says,
5472
18687279
1680
The next sentence says,
311:28
‘You will not have eaten dinner by 6 p.m.’
5473
18688959
3041
'You will not have eaten dinner by 6 pm'
311:32
Here, again, we've used ‘by 6 p.m.’ to show a time in the future.
5474
18692879
5041
Here, again, we've used 'by 6 pm' to show a time in the future.
311:38
And again, you see ‘you will not have’ and then the past participle of eat which
5475
18698561
6479
And again, you see 'you will not have' and then the past participle of eat which
311:45
is ‘eaten’.
5476
18705039
801
is 'eaten'.
311:46
The last sentence says, ‘By noon â€Ļ’, there's the time again,
5477
18706959
3840
The last sentence says, 'By noon â€Ļ', there's the time again,
311:51
‘I will not have taken off to Japan.’
5478
18711439
3439
'I will not have taken off to Japan.'
311:55
‘taken’ is the past participle of ‘take’.
5479
18715840
4080
'taken' is the past participle of 'take'.
311:59
Let's move on.
5480
18719920
799
āĻšāĻ˛ āĻāĻ—ā§‹āĻ‡.
312:01
Now, let's move on to how to form questions in the future perfect tense.
5481
18721279
4881
Now, let's move on to how to form questions in the future perfect tense.
312:06
The first sentence here says,
5482
18726959
1602
The first sentence here says,
312:09
‘You will have gone to work by 10 a.m.’
5483
18729119
2881
'You will have gone to work by 10 am'
312:12
To turn this into a question, all we have to
5484
18732959
2881
To turn this into a question, all we have to
312:15
do is switch the order of the first two words.
5485
18735840
2959
do is switch the order of the first two words.
312:19
‘You will’ becomes ‘Will you’.
5486
18739760
2320
'You will' becomes 'Will you'.
312:22
You'll notice that the rest of the question stays the same as the sentence.
5487
18742879
5441
You'll notice that the rest of the question stays the same as the sentence.
312:28
‘Will you have gone to work by 10 a.m.?’
5488
18748320
2719
'Will you have gone to work by 10 am?'
312:31
You can answer by saying, ‘Yes, I will have.’
5489
18751920
3520
You can answer by saying, 'Yes, I will have.'
312:35
or ‘No, I will have not.’
5490
18755439
2240
or 'No, I will have not.'
312:38
The next sentence says, ‘She will have woken up by noon.’
5491
18758799
4000
The next sentence says, 'She will have woken up by noon.'
312:43
Again, to turn this into a question just switch the first two words.
5492
18763760
4721
Again, to turn this into a question just switch the first two words.
312:49
‘She will’ becomes ‘Will she’.
5493
18769039
2400
'She will' becomes 'Will she'.
312:52
‘Will she have woken up by noon?’
5494
18772320
2080
'Will she have woken up by noon?'
312:55
Again, the rest of the sentence stays the same.
5495
18775199
3361
Again, the rest of the sentence stays the same.
312:59
‘Will she have woken up by noon?’
5496
18779760
2080
'Will she have woken up by noon?'
313:02
To reply, you can say, ‘Yes, she will have.’
5497
18782879
3920
To reply, you can say, 'Yes, she will have.'
313:06
or ‘No, she will have not.’
5498
18786799
3201
or 'No, she will have not.'
313:10
Let's move on.
5499
18790000
799
āĻšāĻ˛ āĻāĻ—ā§‹āĻ‡.
313:11
Now, I'll talk about how to form ‘WH’ questions in the future perfect tense.
5500
18791840
5119
Now, I'll talk about how to form 'WH' questions in the future perfect tense.
313:17
If you notice on the board, each of these questions begins with the ‘WH’ word.
5501
18797680
5359
If you notice on the board, each of these questions begins with the 'WH' word.
313:23
‘Where’, ‘what’, ‘who’, and ‘when’.
5502
18803600
3279
'Where', 'what', 'who', and 'when'.
313:28
Then after each ‘WH’ word comes the word ‘will’.
5503
18808080
3680
Then after each 'WH' word comes the word 'will'.
313:32
‘Where will’ ‘What will’
5504
18812480
2080
'Where will' 'What will'
313:34
‘Who will’ and ‘When will’
5505
18814561
1760
'Who will' and 'When will'
313:36
So let's take a look at the first question.
5506
18816959
2480
So let's take a look at the first question.
313:40
‘Where will’â€Ļ’ then you add ‘the subject’.
5507
18820160
3680
'Where will'â€Ļ' then you add 'the subject'.
313:43
In this case, ‘you’.
5508
18823840
1279
In this case, 'you'.
313:46
And then, ‘have’ and after that the past participle of the verb.
5509
18826000
5520
And then, 'have' and after that the past participle of the verb.
313:51
In this case, it's ‘traveled’.
5510
18831520
1760
In this case, it's 'traveled'.
313:54
‘Where will you have traveled by December?’
5511
18834000
3039
'Where will you have traveled by December?'
313:57
I can answer by saying, ‘I will have traveled to Germany and Denmark.’
5512
18837680
5039
I can answer by saying, 'I will have traveled to Germany and Denmark.'
314:02
There are many possible answers here and this is just an example.
5513
18842719
3121
There are many possible answers here and this is just an example.
314:07
The next question says, ‘What will they have done â€Ļ’
5514
18847119
4240
The next question says, 'What will they have done â€Ļ'
314:11
‘done’ is the past participle of ‘do’.
5515
18851359
2400
'done' is the past participle of 'do'.
314:13
‘â€Ļ by the end of the evening?’
5516
18853760
2480
'â€Ļ by the end of the evening?'
314:16
I can answer by saying, ‘They will have done their homework.’
5517
18856959
3441
I can answer by saying, 'They will have done their homework.'
314:21
The next question says, ‘Who will she have interviewed by 5 p.m.?’
5518
18861680
4721
The next question says, 'Who will she have interviewed by 5 pm?'
314:27
Again, ‘who will’ + the subject ‘have’ and the past participle of the verb.
5519
18867359
6881
Again, 'who will' + the subject 'have' and the past participle of the verb.
314:34
I can answer this question by saying,
5520
18874240
2398
I can answer this question by saying,
314:36
‘She will have interviewed the teachers by 5 p.m.’
5521
18876639
3121
'She will have interviewed the teachers by 5 pm'
314:40
And finally, ‘When will they have started to learn?’
5522
18880799
3121
And finally, 'When will they have started to learn?'
314:44
One way to answer this question is to say,
5523
18884959
2801
One way to answer this question is to say,
314:47
‘They will have started to learn in January.’
5524
18887760
2879
'They will have started to learn in January.'
314:51
Let's move on.
5525
18891439
801
āĻšāĻ˛ āĻāĻ—ā§‹āĻ‡.
314:53
Let's start this checkup for the future perfect tense.
5526
18893199
3121
Let's start this checkup for the future perfect tense.
314:56
Take a look at the first sentence.
5527
18896879
2320
āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¯āĻŸāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŦāĻžāĻ° āĻĻā§‡āĻ–ā§āĻ¨āĨ¤
314:59
It says, ‘We _blank_ that book by tomorrow.’
5528
18899199
4000
It says, 'We _blank_ that book by tomorrow.'
315:03
The verb to use is ‘read’.
5529
18903840
2160
The verb to use is 'read'.
315:07
Remember, in the future perfect tense, we start with the subject,
5530
18907600
4160
Remember, in the future perfect tense, we start with the subject,
315:11
and we have that here, ‘we’.
5531
18911760
1680
and we have that here, 'we'.
315:14
Then say, ‘will have’ and the past participle of the verb.
5532
18914480
4719
Then say, 'will have' and the past participle of the verb.
315:19
So here we need to say ‘will have’.
5533
18919840
2641
So here we need to say 'will have'.
315:23
What is the past participle of ‘read’?
5534
18923600
3039
What is the past participle of 'read'?
315:27
The correct answer is ‘read’.
5535
18927600
2240
The correct answer is 'read'.
315:32
They're spelled the same, but they are pronounced differently.
5536
18932080
3279
They're spelled the same, but they are pronounced differently.
315:36
‘We will have read that book by tomorrow.’
5537
18936160
3359
'We will have read that book by tomorrow.'
315:40
The next sentence says, ‘She _blank_ the video by bedtime.’
5538
18940639
4801
The next sentence says, 'She _blank_ the video by bedtime.'
315:46
Here we have ‘not’ so I want you to try the negative form.
5539
18946160
4559
Here we have 'not' so I want you to try the negative form.
315:50
And the verb to try is ‘watch’.
5540
18950719
2080
And the verb to try is 'watch'.
315:55
In the negative form, we start with the subject.
5541
18955920
2799
In the negative form, we start with the subject.
315:58
And instead of ‘will have’, we say ‘will not have’.
5542
18958719
3441
And instead of 'will have', we say 'will not have'.
316:03
‘She will not have â€Ļ’ Then we need the past participle of the verb.
5543
18963439
6801
'She will not have â€Ļ' Then we need the past participle of the verb.
316:11
In this case, it is ‘watched’.
5544
18971039
2480
In this case, it is 'watched'.
316:14
‘She will not have watched the video by bedtime.’
5545
18974480
3680
'She will not have watched the video by bedtime.'
316:19
Now find the mistake in the next sentence.
5546
18979199
2801
Now find the mistake in the next sentence.
316:24
‘Ryan will not have be to Cuba by summer.’
5547
18984400
3840
'Ryan will not have be to Cuba by summer.'
316:29
This is the negative form because we have ‘will not have’.
5548
18989279
3439
This is the negative form because we have 'will not have'.
316:33
That's correct.
5549
18993520
1119
āĻāĻŸāĻžāĻ‡ āĻ¸āĻ āĻŋāĻ•.
316:34
But we need the past participle of ‘be’.
5550
18994639
3041
But we need the past participle of 'be'.
316:38
So we need to change it to ‘been’.
5551
18998799
2400
So we need to change it to 'been'.
316:42
‘Ryan will not have been to Cuba by summer.’
5552
19002240
3600
'Ryan will not have been to Cuba by summer.'
316:46
The last sentence says, ‘I will have go to school by 8 30 a.m.’
5553
19006879
5121
The last sentence says, 'I will have go to school by 8 30 am'
316:53
Here, we have the affirmative, ‘will have’.
5554
19013039
2881
Here, we have the affirmative, 'will have'.
316:56
But, uh oh, we forgot the past participle of ‘go’ which is ‘gone’.
5555
19016561
6398
But, uh oh, we forgot the past participle of 'go' which is 'gone'.
317:04
‘I will have gone to school by 8 30 a.m.’
5556
19024000
3439
'I will have gone to school by 8 30 am'
317:08
Great job, everybody.
5557
19028480
1359
Great job, everybody.
317:09
Let's move on.
5558
19029840
799
āĻšāĻ˛ āĻāĻ—ā§‹āĻ‡.
317:11
Good job, guys.
5559
19031279
1201
āĻ­āĻžāĻ˛ā§‹ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĻ›ā§‹ āĻŦāĻ¨ā§āĻ§ā§āĻ°āĻž.
317:12
Now you have a better understanding of the future perfect tense.
5560
19032480
4238
Now you have a better understanding of the future perfect tense.
317:16
I want you to keep studying and practicing this tense.
5561
19036719
3121
I want you to keep studying and practicing this tense.
317:20
I know studying English can be difficult, but I believe in you
5562
19040480
3760
I know studying English can be difficult, but I believe in you
317:24
and I will guide you through it.
5563
19044240
1439
and I will guide you through it.
317:26
I'll see you in the next video. Hi, everybody.
5564
19046320
11520
āĻĒāĻ°ā§‡āĻ° āĻ­āĻŋāĻĄāĻŋāĻ“āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻž āĻšāĻŦā§‡āĨ¤ āĻ¸āĻŦāĻžāĻ‡ āĻ•ā§‡āĻŽāĻ¨ āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡āĻ¨.
317:37
I’m Esther.
5565
19057840
1199
āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ‡āĻ¸ā§āĻŸāĻžāĻ°āĨ¤
317:39
Welcome to the last tense.
5566
19059039
2240
Welcome to the last tense.
317:41
If you haven't checked out my earlier videos on the tenses,
5567
19061279
3760
If you haven't checked out my earlier videos on the tenses,
317:45
please go check them out now.
5568
19065039
1361
please go check them out now.
317:47
In this video, I will talk about the future perfect continuous tense.
5569
19067279
4400
In this video, I will talk about the future perfect continuous tense.
317:52
This tense can be used to describe an ongoing action
5570
19072480
3680
This tense can be used to describe an ongoing action
317:56
or situation that will last for a specified period of time in the future.
5571
19076160
5279
or situation that will last for a specified period of time in the future.
318:02
There's a lot to learn, so keep watching.
5572
19082000
2240
There's a lot to learn, so keep watching.
318:08
The future perfect continuous tense is used to talk about an ongoing situation
5573
19088240
5920
The future perfect continuous tense is used to talk about an ongoing situation
318:14
that will be in progress for a period of time at a specific point in time in the future.
5574
19094160
6400
that will be in progress for a period of time at a specific point in time in the future.
318:21
Let's take a look at some examples.
5575
19101279
1840
āĻ†āĻ¸ā§āĻ¨ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ›ā§ āĻ‰āĻĻāĻžāĻšāĻ°āĻŖ āĻĻā§‡āĻ–ā§‡ āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•āĨ¤
318:23
The first sentence says,
5576
19103840
1680
The first sentence says,
318:25
‘She will have been living in Ireland for 10 years at that point.’
5577
19105520
4561
'She will have been living in Ireland for 10 years at that point.'
318:30
So no matter what the subject, in this case we have ‘she’,
5578
19110959
3680
So no matter what the subject, in this case we have 'she',
318:35
we follow with ‘will have been’ and then ‘verb +ing’.
5579
19115279
4160
we follow with 'will have been' and then 'verb +ing'.
318:40
So, ‘She will have been living in Ireland â€Ļ’
5580
19120000
4719
So, 'She will have been living in Ireland â€Ļ'
318:44
Then this sentence has the duration.
5581
19124719
2721
Then this sentence has the duration.
318:48
What period of time will this last? ‘for 10 years’
5582
19128080
4320
What period of time will this last? 'for 10 years'
318:53
And when?
5583
19133039
881
And when?
318:54
Remember, we need a point in time in the future.
5584
19134480
3039
Remember, we need a point in time in the future.
318:58
In this case, we just use a general expression, ‘at that point’.
5585
19138160
4879
In this case, we just use a general expression, 'at that point'.
319:03
Here, it's not specific and that's okay.
5586
19143600
2480
Here, it's not specific and that's okay.
319:06
We'll see some specific examples in the next sentence.
5587
19146639
3041
We'll see some specific examples in the next sentence.
319:10
‘By midnight, he will have been sleeping for four hours.’
5588
19150719
4320
'By midnight, he will have been sleeping for four hours.'
319:15
Here, the specific time in the future comes at the beginning of the sentence.
5589
19155840
4879
Here, the specific time in the future comes at the beginning of the sentence.
319:21
‘By midnight’ And, again, we see ‘will have been’ +
5590
19161279
4721
'By midnight' And, again, we see 'will have been' +
319:26
verb 'ing'.
5591
19166000
879
verb 'ing'.
319:27
‘By midnight, he will have been sleeping for four hours.’.
5592
19167760
3680
'By midnight, he will have been sleeping for four hours.'.
319:31
Here we have ‘for four hours’.
5593
19171439
2000
Here we have 'for four hours'.
319:34
This shows the duration or how long this action will be in progress.
5594
19174000
5199
This shows the duration or how long this action will be in progress.
319:40
So, again, ‘By midnight he will have been sleeping for four hours.’
5595
19180000
4799
So, again, 'By midnight he will have been sleeping for four hours.'
319:45
The last sentence says, ‘In June â€Ļ’
5596
19185680
2721
The last sentence says, 'In June â€Ļ'
319:48
Here, again, we have the specific time in the future at the beginning of the sentence.
5597
19188400
5920
Here, again, we have the specific time in the future at the beginning of the sentence.
319:55
‘In June, ‘we’ that's the subject.
5598
19195119
3201
'In June, 'we' that's the subject.
319:58
‘we'll have been studying â€Ļ’ There's the ‘verb +ing’.
5599
19198320
3600
'we'll have been studying â€Ļ' There's the 'verb +ing'.
320:01
‘â€Ļ at this university for four years.’
5600
19201920
3039
'â€Ļ at this university for four years.'
320:05
Here is the duration, ‘for four years’.
5601
19205520
2801
Here is the duration, 'for four years'.
320:09
Good job.
5602
19209119
641
320:09
And let's move on.
5603
19209760
879
āĻ­āĻžāĻ˛ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĻ›.
And let's move on.
320:11
Now, let's look at the negative form of the future perfect continuous tense.
5604
19211199
5121
Now, let's look at the negative form of the future perfect continuous tense.
320:17
In the affirmative form, we say ‘subject’ + ‘will have been’ and then ‘verb +ing’.
5605
19217039
7041
In the affirmative form, we say 'subject' + 'will have been' and then 'verb +ing'.
320:24
In the negative form, however, we say, ‘subject’ + ‘will not have been’
5606
19224080
5520
In the negative form, however, we say, 'subject' + 'will not have been'
320:29
and then ‘verb +ing’.
5607
19229600
1359
and then 'verb +ing'.
320:31
Let's take a look at some examples.
5608
19231680
1840
āĻ†āĻ¸ā§āĻ¨ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ›ā§ āĻ‰āĻĻāĻžāĻšāĻ°āĻŖ āĻĻā§‡āĻ–ā§‡ āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•āĨ¤
320:34
The first sentence here says,
5609
19234400
1520
The first sentence here says,
320:36
‘At that point, I will not have been living in Spain for 10 years.’
5610
19236480
4639
'At that point, I will not have been living in Spain for 10 years.'
320:41
And so you see it.
5611
19241840
959
And so you see it.
320:43
‘I’ is the subject.
5612
19243520
1359
'I' is the subject.
320:44
‘â€Ļ will not have been’ and then ‘verb +ing’.
5613
19244879
4400
'â€Ļ will not have been' and then 'verb +ing'.
320:49
In this case, ‘living’.
5614
19249840
2000
In this case, 'living'.
320:52
The next sentence says,
5615
19252400
1119
The next sentence says,
320:54
‘He will not have been sleeping for four hours by midnight.’
5616
19254080
3840
'He will not have been sleeping for four hours by midnight.'
320:58
Again, we see the ‘subject’ + ‘will not have been’ and then ‘verb +ing’,
5617
19258559
5521
Again, we see the 'subject' + 'will not have been' and then 'verb +ing',
321:04
‘sleeping’.
5618
19264719
1602
'sleeping'.
321:06
The last sentence says,
5619
19266320
1760
The last sentence says,
321:08
‘By then, we will not have been studying at this university for three years.’
5620
19268080
5279
'By then, we will not have been studying at this university for three years.'
321:14
Again, we see the ‘subject’ + ‘we will not have been’ and then ‘verb +ing’
5621
19274160
6398
Again, we see the 'subject' + 'we will not have been' and then 'verb +ing'
321:20
here, ‘studying’.
5622
19280559
1201
here, 'studying'.
321:22
Let's move on.
5623
19282480
719
āĻšāĻ˛ āĻāĻ—ā§‹āĻ‡.
321:24
Now let's take a look at how to form questions in the future perfect continuous tense.
5624
19284000
5520
Now let's take a look at how to form questions in the future perfect continuous tense.
321:30
Here, the sentence says,
5625
19290320
1920
Here, the sentence says,
321:32
‘Sean will have been playing soccer for a year by December.’
5626
19292240
4000
'Sean will have been playing soccer for a year by December.'
321:36
To turn this into a question, all we have to do is switch the order of the first two
5627
19296959
5201
To turn this into a question, all we have to do is switch the order of the first two
321:42
words.
5628
19302160
879
words.
321:43
So instead of ‘Sean will’, I can say ‘Will Sean’.
5629
19303039
3920
So instead of 'Sean will', I can say 'Will Sean'.
321:47
‘Will Sean have been playing soccer for a year by December?’
5630
19307680
3760
'Will Sean have been playing soccer for a year by December?'
321:52
You'll notice that the rest of the sentence stays the same.
5631
19312080
3520
You'll notice that the rest of the sentence stays the same.
321:56
I can answer by saying, ‘Yes, he will have.’
5632
19316480
3840
I can answer by saying, 'Yes, he will have.'
322:00
or ‘No, he will have not.’
5633
19320320
2479
or 'No, he will have not.'
322:03
The next sentence says,
5634
19323680
1600
The next sentence says,
322:05
‘They will have been working there for three months by that time.’
5635
19325279
3840
'They will have been working there for three months by that time.'
322:10
Again, I changed the order of the first two words.
5636
19330000
3359
Again, I changed the order of the first two words.
322:13
To turn this into a question ‘They will’ becomes ‘Will they’.
5637
19333359
4561
To turn this into a question 'They will' becomes 'Will they'.
322:18
‘Will they have been working there for three months by that time?’
5638
19338799
3682
'Will they have been working there for three months by that time?'
322:23
Again, the rest of the sentence stays the same.
5639
19343359
3121
Again, the rest of the sentence stays the same.
322:28
I can answer by saying, ‘Yes, they will have.’
5640
19348240
3680
I can answer by saying, 'Yes, they will have.'
322:31
or ‘No, they will have not.’
5641
19351920
2480
or 'No, they will have not.'
322:35
Let's move on.
5642
19355119
1281
āĻšāĻ˛ āĻāĻ—ā§‹āĻ‡.
322:36
Now let's take a look at how to form ‘WH” questions in the future perfect continuous
5643
19356400
5760
Now let's take a look at how to form 'WH” questions in the future perfect continuous
322:42
tense.
5644
19362160
320
tense.
322:43
Take a look at the board.
5645
19363119
1361
Take a look at the board.
322:45
All of these questions begin with a ‘WH’ word.
5646
19365199
3281
All of these questions begin with a 'WH' word.
322:49
‘where’ ‘what’
5647
19369039
1520
'where' 'what'
322:51
‘who’ and ‘how long’
5648
19371359
1760
'who' and 'how long'
322:54
Take a look at the first question.
5649
19374000
1760
Take a look at the first question.
322:56
‘Where will you have been walking?’
5650
19376719
2000
'Where will you have been walking?'
322:59
To form a ‘WH’ question, we start with the ‘WH’ word, then ‘will’.
5651
19379680
5680
To form a 'WH' question, we start with the 'WH' word, then 'will'.
323:06
After that, we add the subject, ‘you’, ‘they’, ‘she’ and ‘you’.
5652
19386879
4961
After that, we add the subject, 'you', 'they', 'she' and 'you'.
323:12
After that, we add ‘have been’ + ‘verb +ing’.
5653
19392400
4000
After that, we add 'have been' + 'verb +ing'.
323:17
‘Where will you have been walking?’
5654
19397600
2160
'Where will you have been walking?'
323:21
‘What will they have been playing?’
5655
19401199
1920
'What will they have been playing?'
323:24
‘Who will she have been talking to?’
5656
19404719
2320
'Who will she have been talking to?'
323:27
and ‘How long will you have been working â€Ļ?’
5657
19407840
3840
and 'How long will you have been working â€Ļ?'
323:31
There's the ‘verb +ing’.
5658
19411680
1279
There's the 'verb +ing'.
323:32
‘ â€Ļ there by the time you finish?’
5659
19412959
2240
' â€Ļ there by the time you finish?'
323:36
So let's go through one more time and I'll show you how to answer these questions.
5660
19416240
4879
So let's go through one more time and I'll show you how to answer these questions.
323:42
‘Where will you have been walking?’
5661
19422400
1920
'Where will you have been walking?'
323:44
I can answer by saying, ‘I will have been walking in the park.’
5662
19424959
4160
I can answer by saying, 'I will have been walking in the park.'
323:50
‘What will they have been playing?’
5663
19430480
1760
'What will they have been playing?'
323:53
‘They will have been playing video games.’
5664
19433359
2400
'They will have been playing video games.'
323:57
‘Who will she have been talking to?’
5665
19437279
2160
'Who will she have been talking to?'
324:00
‘She will have been talking to her cousin.’
5666
19440480
2398
'She will have been talking to her cousin.'
324:03
And finally,
5667
19443840
1199
And finally,
324:05
‘How long will you have been working there by the time you finish?’
5668
19445039
4000
'How long will you have been working there by the time you finish?'
324:10
‘By the time I finish, I will have been working there for five years.’
5669
19450000
4719
'By the time I finish, I will have been working there for five years.'
324:15
Let's move on.
5670
19455520
1279
āĻšāĻ˛ āĻāĻ—ā§‹āĻ‡.
324:16
Let's start a checkup for the future perfect continuous tense.
5671
19456799
3602
Let's start a checkup for the future perfect continuous tense.
324:20
Take a look at the board.
5672
19460959
1281
Take a look at the board.
324:22
The first sentence says,
5673
19462879
1521
The first sentence says,
324:24
‘By 10 p.m., I _blank_ that game for three hours.’
5674
19464400
4799
'By 10 pm, I _blank_ that game for three hours.'
324:29
I’m looking to use the verb ‘play’.
5675
19469760
2080
I'm looking to use the verb 'play'.
324:34
Remember, in this tense, we need to have ‘subject’ + ‘will have been’ and then ‘verb +ing’.
5676
19474000
6879
Remember, in this tense, we need to have 'subject' + 'will have been' and then 'verb +ing'.
324:41
So ‘By 10 p.m., I will have been playing â€Ļ’
5677
19481600
6240
So 'By 10 pm, I will have been playing â€Ļ'
324:47
Again, we need ‘verb +ing’.
5678
19487840
2000
Again, we need 'verb +ing'.
324:49
‘â€Ļ I will have been playing that game for three hours.
5679
19489840
3520
'â€Ļ I will have been playing that game for three hours.
324:54
The next sentence says,
5680
19494160
1760
The next sentence says,
324:55
‘When she gets here, he _blank_ dinner for an hour.’
5681
19495920
4080
'When she gets here, he _blank_ dinner for an hour.'
325:00
Try to use the verb ‘cook’.
5682
19500799
3441
Try to use the verb 'cook'.
325:04
Again, no matter what the subject, it doesn't change.
5683
19504240
4000
Again, no matter what the subject, it doesn't change.
325:08
‘When she gets here, he will have been cooking â€Ļ’
5684
19508799
9521
'When she gets here, he will have been cooking â€Ļ'
325:18
‘When she gets here, he will have been cooking dinner for an hour.’
5685
19518320
4398
'When she gets here, he will have been cooking dinner for an hour.'
325:23
Now, find the mistake in the next sentence.
5686
19523600
2881
Now, find the mistake in the next sentence.
325:29
‘Steve and Jan will not have be waiting for a year when it arrives.’
5687
19529359
5279
'Steve and Jan will not have be waiting for a year when it arrives.'
325:35
Here, we have a negative form, ‘they will not have’.
5688
19535840
4160
Here, we have a negative form, 'they will not have'.
325:40
Then we need ‘been’.
5689
19540959
2080
Then we need 'been'.
325:44
‘They will not have been â€Ļ’
5690
19544320
2799
'They will not have been â€Ļ'
325:47
And then the ‘verb +ing’ is here so that's correct.
5691
19547119
3520
And then the 'verb +ing' is here so that's correct.
325:51
‘Steve and Jan will not have been waiting for a year when it arrives.’
5692
19551439
4561
'Steve and Jan will not have been waiting for a year when it arrives.'
325:56
The last sentence says,
5693
19556959
1201
The last sentence says,
325:58
‘It will have been work for 10 years on January 15th.’
5694
19558719
4400
'It will have been work for 10 years on January 15th.'
326:03
So maybe here I’m talking about a computer or a TV.
5695
19563760
4080
So maybe here I'm talking about a computer or a TV.
326:07
Maybe some kind of machine.
5696
19567840
1840
Maybe some kind of machine.
326:09
‘it’ ‘It will have been â€Ļ’
5697
19569680
3279
'it' 'It will have been â€Ļ'
326:12
I see the mistake here.
5698
19572959
1281
I see the mistake here.
326:14
We need ‘verb +ing’.
5699
19574799
2000
We need 'verb +ing'.
326:19
‘It will have been working for 10 years on January 15th.
5700
19579039
4961
'It will have been working for 10 years on January 15th.
326:24
Great job, everybody.
5701
19584879
1361
Great job, everybody.
326:26
Let's move on.
5702
19586240
799
āĻšāĻ˛ āĻāĻ—ā§‹āĻ‡.
326:27
Thank you so much for watching this  course on the twelve English tenses. 
5703
19587600
4480
Thank you so much for watching this course on the twelve English tenses.
326:32
Now, you have a better understanding  of how to use these tenses. 
5704
19592080
4000
Now, you have a better understanding of how to use these tenses.
326:36
I know studying English can be hard, but  with time and practice, you will get better. 
5705
19596639
5521
I know studying English can be hard, but with time and practice, you will get better.
326:42
Please watch my other videos. And I’ll see you next time. 
5706
19602799
3201
Please watch my other videos. And I'll see you next time.
326:46
Bye.
5707
19606000
9840
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