Perfect English | The most important English words! 4/11

Today, you’re getting video 4 in the 100 most common words in English list.

今天是英语100个最常用单词 视频4。

We’re going over the real pronunciation,

我们现在说的是在生活中真实的发音，

not the full pronunciation,

不是单词本身完整的发音，

not the pronunciation you might have been taught,

不是你在书本上学来的发音，

but the pronunciation that Americans actually use in spoken English.

而是美国人在口语中使用的发音。

If you didn’t see video one, click here to watch it now.

如果您没有看到本系列的视频1，请点击此处观看。

It is important to understand what we’re doing here studying reductions.

在美国口语中，略音的情况随处可见。

We start this video with number 31, and yes, it’s a great reduction.

我们继续从31号开始，继续讨论略音。

The word OR.

单词 OR。

You might have learned that the pronunciation of this word is ‘or’,

你可能已经知道这个词的发音是'or'，

like it would rhyme with ‘more’ or the number ‘four’.

就像用'More'或'Four'。

But ‘more’ and ‘four’ are content words.

但是'More'和'Four'是内容字。

That means they will often be stressed in a sentence, given more time.

他们通常在句子中重读。

‘Or’ is a function word.

'Or'是一个功能字。

That means it’s not stressed in the sentence.

在句子中要轻读。

It’s not one of the most important words,

不是重要的单词，

and it’s said very quickly.

读的时候轻快短

Remember, English is a stress-timed language.

英语是一种重读语言。(译者注：中文叫音节语言)

That means all syllables are not equal in length.

这意味着音节的长度不像中文那样都是相等的。

We have long syllables and short syllables,

我们有长音节和短音节，

and speaking with that contrast is really important

了解这个非常的重要

in sounding natural in American English.

会让你说的美国英语听起来更自然。

So ‘or’ isn’t pronounced

所以'or'要轻读

‘or’ in conversation,

在谈话中如果发全音 /Or/

that’s too long, it’s too clear.

就太长太清楚了。

We need it to be shorter.

我们需要它更短。

It’s actually ‘or’,

它实际上是'or'，

said very quickly, low in pitch.

说很快，很轻。

It can also be reduced.

要使用略音

Then it’s pronounced ‘or’,

然后它发音为'or'，

the vowel reduces to the schwa.

元音减少到中元音。(译者注：也叫元音央化)

You don’t have to try to make the schwa, it gets absorbed by the R sound.

不必特意读成中元音，因为这里它会被R的声音吸收掉。

Just make an R. Rr--

只要做一个R.Rr--

Let’s put it in a sentence:

我们把它放在一个句子中：

Would you like white or brown rice?

Would you like white or brown rice?

White or brown?

White or brown?

Would you like white or brown rice?

Would you like white or brown rice?

White or brown?

White or brown?

white-rrr

white-rrr

rr-- rr-- rr-- rr--

rr - rr - rr--

Just an R sound linking these two words.

在这两个词之间只发R的声音。

I’m leaving Monday or Tuesday.

I’m leaving Monday or Tuesday.

Monday-rr. Monday-rr. Rr-- rr--

Monday-rr. Monday-rr. Rr-- rr--

Monday or Tuesday.

Monday or Tuesday.

Just an extra R sound between.

只是在中间一个额外的R音。

Great rhythmic contrast.

注意节奏的不同。

If you’re just jumping into the series,

如果你是首次收看这个系列视频，

you may be thinking,

你可能会想，

how important are reductions,

略音是有多重要，

how frequent are reductions?

略音有多频繁？

Out of the 31 most common words in English that we’ve studied so far,

在迄今为止，英语中最常用的31个单词中，

only one is always stressed.

只有一个总是重读。

Thirty are usually unstressed or reduced.

三十个都有不同程度的略音。

So there’s your answer.

你懂了么？

Most common words: What’s 32?

最常用的单词 32

The indefinite article ‘an’. An.

不定冠词“an”。

Unstressed, it reduces to the schwa, an-- an--

功能词，略音到中元音，an - an--

we actually already covered that one

我们实际上已经在前面的视频中提到了它

when we learned about the indefinite article ‘a’ or 'a'

在讲不定冠词“a”或“a”的时候

back in video one of this series.

您可以回到前面的视频复习一遍。

33: Will.

33：Will。

If this is the only verb in the sentence --

如果这是句子中唯一的动词 -

I will.

I will.

He will.

He will.

–then it’s stressed.

- 那么需要重读

But most of the time it’s not the only verb,

但大多数时候它都是作为助动词存在，

it’s used to indicate something in the future.

用于表示将来时。

I like fishing.

I like fishing.

That’s right now, present.

这是一般现在时

I’ll like fishing when I learn more about it.

I’ll like fishing when I learn more about it.

This is the future.

这是将来时

The word ‘will’ is usually written and spoken in a contraction.

'will'这个词通常会被缩写

I’ll like fishing when I learn more about it.

I’ll like fishing when I learn more about it.

“I will” becomes “I’ll”,

“I will”变成“I’ll”,

but I reduced it. I'll-- I'll--

然后略读。I'll-- I'll--

I’ll like fishing—

I’ll like fishing—

just like the word “all”,

听起来就像“all”一样，

said very quickly.

轻快的念出来

I’ll, I’ll, I’ll.

I’ll, I’ll, I’ll.

I’ll like fishing when I learn more about it.

I’ll like fishing when I learn more about it.

What other WILL contractions might you hear?

当you和will连读得时候

You’ll, we’ll pronounce this more like ‘yull’.

You’ll, 听起来像'yull'发音。

He’ll, in a sentence, this will sound more like 'hill' or ‘hull’.

He’ll, 听起来 'hill' or ‘hull’.

He’ll be coming by at three. He'll.

He’ll be coming by at three. He'll.

She will. She’ll.

She will. She’ll.

This can be reduced: she'll or shull.

略音为: she'll or shull.

She’ll have the report ready soon. She'll.

She’ll have the report ready soon. She'll.

“It will” becomes “it’ll”,

“It will” 变成 “it’ll”,

with a Flap T.

T变成闪音

This is just like the word “little” without the L.

就像“little”这个词里没有L。

These are both tough words,

这两个词都比较难

and I have a video on the word ‘little’

我专门有一个讲'little'这个词的视频

which might make this contraction easier to pronounce.

可能对您有帮助。

I’ll put a link here and in the description below.

这里有跳转的链接。

This schwa-L ending,

这里以中元音L结尾，

the contraction of WILL,

WILL，

can go at the end of any third person singular noun:

可以在任何第三人称单数名词的末尾加‘ll：

“the dog” becomes “the dog’ll”:

“the dog” 变成 “the dog’ll”:

The dog’ll need to be walked soon.

The dog’ll need to be walked soon.

“Tuesday” becomes “Tuesday’ll”.

“Tuesday” 变成 “Tuesday’ll”.

Tuesday’ll be better.

Tuesday’ll be better.

“John will” becomes “John’ll”.

“John will” 变成 “John’ll”.

John’ll be here soon.

John’ll be here soon.

Note: in writing, these might show up as a misspelling, as not a word.

注意：在写作时，这些可能会显示为拼写错误，因为不是一个字。

But this is how we speak.

但是我们就是这么说的。

This contraction, this reduction of will.

will的略音

If it’s a pronoun, like “she’ll”,

如果它是一个代名词，比如“she’ll”,

then it’s not considered a misspelling.

就不会被认为是拼写错误。

But this is a case where how we speak English is different from how we write it.

但是在口语中。

It’s common to reduce, and say: John'll.

通常会略音：John'll。

“John’ll be here at three”

“John’ll be here at three”

rather than “John will be there at three.”

而不是“John will be there at three.”

We will, “We’ll”,

We will, We’ll,

You might here this as: we'll or wull.

你可能会听到：we'll 或 wull.

Two different reductions.

两种不同的略音。

We'll be late.

We'll be late.

We'll be late.

We'll be late.

“They will”, “they’ll”,

“They will”, “they’ll”,

often reduce and sound like “thull”.

一般会略音，听起来像“thull”.

They’ll be hungry when they get here.

They’ll be hungry when they get here.

Third person plural, again,

第三人称复数

if you write this as a contraction, it will show up as a misspelling,

如果你这样缩写，它会被显示为拼写错误，

but speaking this way is very common.

但这种方式很常见。

“The kids will” becomes “The kids’ll”.

“The kids will” 变成 “The kids’ll”.

The kids’ll be tired.

The kids’ll be tired.

The kids’ll be tired.

The kids’ll be tired.

A dark L at the end of the word.

Dark L 结尾

Wow. There was a lot to talk about with the word “will”

哇。“will”讲的不少了。

because of the way it contracts and reduces with so many different words!

will的略音应用十分广泛

Number 34: My.

第34：My。

A possessive pronoun.

物主代词。

This is my boyfriend.

This is my boyfriend.

My shirt’s too big.

My shirt’s too big.

We don’t reduce it, we don’t change or drop one of the sounds,

My 不会被略音

but it is unstressed.

但它并不需要重读。

This is the word’s most common use.

这是该词最常用的用法。

But, it can be used another way.

但是，它还有另一种用发。

It can be used as an expression or an interjection to show surprise:

它可以用作表达或感叹惊喜：

Oh my!

Oh my!

Maybe it's even showing a little disapproval.

甚至可以表达一点反对意见。

My!

My!

In these cases, it would be stressed,

在这些情况下，会重读，

it would be longer, it would have the up-down shape of stress.

发音更长，并伴有升-降调。

Number 35 in the 100 Most common words list: one.

100个最常用单词列表中的第35个：one

It’s a little word, but it has a lot of different uses.

这个词有很多用法。

As a noun or an adjective,

作为名词或形容词，

it will probably be stressed.

大部分情况下重读

For example:

例如：

We’re looking for one teacher to join our team.

We’re looking for one teacher to join our team.

One.

One.

But it can also be used as a pronoun,

它也可以用作代名词，

and in that case you might hear it reduced.

在这种情况下，就会略音。

Instead of “one”, it will be ‘un’.

'un'，而不是“one”。

I need a new phone, this one’s going to die.

I need a new phone, this one’s going to die.

This un— this un— this un—

This un— this un— this un—

This one's going to die.

This one's going to die.

This one’s going to last longer, but that one’s cheaper.

This one’s going to last longer, but that one’s cheaper.

That un—this un--

That un—this un--

Did you notice the pronunciation?

你有没有注意到发音？

This un—that un—

This un—that un—

nn—nn—nn--

nn—nn—nn--

The apostrophe S is for the contraction IS.

‘s用于简写is。

This ‘uns’, that ‘uns’.

This ‘uns’, that ‘uns’.

Now, you don’t have to pronounce this this way,

现在，你不必这样发音，

you can say “this one’s, that one’s”.

你可以说“this one’s, that one’s”。

But you’ll definitely hear Americans occasionally reduce the word to ‘un’.

你经常会听到美国人把这个词略音为'un'。

Number 36. The word ‘all’.

第36。“all”。

This one, I would say, is usually going to be stressed and a little longer.

通常all这个词都会被重读，而且会稍微拉长音。

It’s most commonly used as an adjective,

它最常用作形容词，

or a noun, or an adverb.

或名词，或副词。

Did you eat all the cake?

Did you eat all the cake?

We’ve been having all sorts of problems.

We’ve been having all sorts of problems.

So here we are, number 36.

现在是36。

The 36th most common words in English,

英语中最常用的第36个单词，

and this is only the second word that doesn’t have a reduction,

这只是第二个不会被略读的词，

or isn’t unstressed in some cases.

或在某些情况下不重读。

Wow.

哇。

The other one was “say” back at number 28.

另一个是第28：“say”。

What does this mean?

这是为什么呢？

Many of the most common words in English

英语中最常用的单词大多数

are words that are unstressed or reduced.

是轻读或略读的词。

If you ignore these, you can never sound natural,

如果你没注意到这个问题，你可能永远听不懂本地人说话，

because they are everywhere.

因为它们无处不在。

And chances are, when you learned the words,

当你学单词的时候，

you did not learn the reductions,

你没有学会略音，

and you did not learn how to make them unstressed.

和如何轻读。

So we’re trying to fix that now.

我们现在正试图解决这个问题。

Let’s keep going, number 37. The word “would”.

让我们继续，编号为37.单词“would”。

I’m actually going to also work on 67 at the same time, the word “could”.

我会同时讲第67个单词，“could”。

And I’ll throw in as a bonus,

我会再加上一个

a word that's not on the list, the word “should”.

不在列表上的单词“should”。

Actually, as with many of the reductions on this list,

实际上，与这份列表上的许多略音一样，

I’ve made a video that goes over these pronunciations.

我在早些时候制作了一段视频，专门讲这些发音。

Should I just put it in here?

Should I just put it in here?

Would you like to see it?

Would you like to see it?

Should. Would.

Should. Would.

It is a good one, it’s useful! Let's watch!

我们来看我以前录得视频

These words all rhyme.

这些词都是押韵的。

The pronunciation is simpler than it looks.

发音比看起来简单。

The L is silent.

这里 L 不发音。

So they all have their beginning consonant,

所以他们都直接读前面的辅音，

the OO as in Book vowel, and the D sound.

Book中的元音OO再加上D的发音。

Should.

Should.

Would.

Would.

Could.

Could.

They rhyme with 'good',

他们的'ood'押韵，

'hood', and 'wood'.

'hood', and 'wood'.

Yes, 'would' and 'wood' are pronounced the same.

是的，"would"和''wood"发音相同。

They're homophones.

他们是同音字。

So this is the pronunciation of these words in full.

所以这就是这些词语的发音。

But as you know, Americans like to reduce less important words in a sentence

如你所知，美国人喜欢省略一句话中不太重要的词

to make the important words stand out more

使重要的词更加突出

and these are three words that can be reduced.

这些是可以减少的三个词。

As with many reductions,

与许多略音一样，

we change the vowel to the schwa and speed up the word.

这里的的元音弱化并加快了这个词的语速。

Should.

Should.

Should.

Should.

Would.

Would.

Would.

Would.

Could. Could.

Could. Could.

You'll hear Americans go further though and drop the D.

你会听到美国人把D音也给省略了.

I noticed I did this when I was doing a Ben Franklin exercise on some of my own speech.

我注意到当我在自己的一些演讲中做本富兰克林演习时，我也略音了。

Should we get dinner?

Should we get dinner?

Yeah!

Yeah!

Should we get dinner?

Should we get dinner?

One of the things I noticed is I'm dropping the D sound.

我发现我把D音省略了。

Shou we— shou we--

Shou we— shou we--

Should. Should.

Should. Should.

Just the SH sound and the schwa.

只留下SH音和中元音。

The lips are flared and the teeth are together. Sshhh—

嘴唇张开，牙齿并拢。 Sshhh-

the tongue tip is pointing up to the roof of the mouth but it's not touching it.

舌尖指向上颚，但不碰到。

Sshhhuuu—shhu—

Sshhhuuu-shhu-

Then, for the schwa, everything relaxes

然后，一切都放松发中元音

and you go into the next sound: shuh-- shuh-- shuh we--

然后进入下一个声音：shuh-- shuh-- shuh we--

Should we call her?

Should we call her?

Should we. Should we.

Should we. Should we.

I should go.

I should go.

Should go. Should go.

Should go. Should go.

I should go.

I should go.

Now, if the next sound is a vowel or a diphthong,

如果下一个音是元音或双元音，

I wouldn't drop the D.

就不要省略D音.

It would be too unclear to go from the schwa into another vowel.

从中元音换到另一个元音是不用发的很清楚的。

So for: Should I? Should I?

所以：Should I? Should I?

For example, I make a really quick flap of the tongue for the D.

例如，舌头快速的发一个D。

Should I. Should I.

Should I. Should I.

Should I say that?

Should I say that?

Should I try it?

Should I try it?

Should I call him?

Should I call him?

If dropping the D seems like too extreme of a reduction for you, you certainly don't have to do it.

如果你觉得省略掉D音太别扭了，你也可以不省。

Just keep 'should' unstressed,

只要让 'should' 轻读

really quick: should, should, should.

轻快的读：should, should, should.

Now, let's look at 'could'.

现在，咱们来看'could'。

The K sound is made when the back part of the tongue

K声音是在舌头的后部形成的

comes up and touches the soft palate in the back.

出现并触及背部的软腭。

K, k, k, k.

K，k，k，k。

Could we try later?

Could we try later?

Could we? Could we?

Could we try later?

Again, just dropping the D.

再次，省略掉D.

K sound, schwa, next word.

K声，中元音，下一个字。

Could we? Could we?

Could we? Could we?

Saying it with a D when the next word begins with a vowel or a dipthong .

当下一个单词以元音或双音符开始时，D发音。

Could I? Could I come back later?

Could I? Could I come back later?

Could I? Could I?

Could I? Could I?

So just a nice, short, could.

轻快短的，could.

Finally, would.

最后，would.

For the W sound, the lips are in a tight circle,

对于W音，嘴唇收紧到一个圈，

and the back part of the tongue lifts.

舌头的后部抬起。

Ww—ww—wuh--

WW-WW-wuh--

Would we want to do that?

Would we want to do that?

Would we? Would we?

Would we? Would we?

Would we want to do that?

Would we want to do that?

Or with a really quick D sound.

或者用一个非常快速的D声音。

Where would I go? Would I-- Would I-- Would I--

Where would I go? Would I-- Would I-- Would I--

So you can reduce these words by changing the vowel to the schwa.

你可以把元音央化成中元音。

You can reduce them further by dropping the D,

进一步可以省略D音，

unless the next sound is a vowel or a diphthong.

除非下一个声音是元音或双元音。

Number 38.

38。

Actually, we’re going to do 38 and 39 at the same because

其实，我们打算把38和39放在一起讲，因为

they’re homophones!

他们是同音词！

What are homophones?

那么什么是同音词呢？

Words that are spelled differently and have different meanings

拼写不同，意思也不同的两个词

but that are pronounced exactly the same.

但发音完全一样。

38 is ‘there’

38是 ‘there’

and 39 is ‘they’re’.

39是‘they’re’.

If homophones seem confusing to you,

如果同音词让你感到困惑，

you’re not the only one.

没关系，不止是你一个人。

I actually have a very long video

我另外有一个很长的视频

that goes over many homophones in American English,

专门讲在美国英语的许多同音词，

you can click here to see it, or check the video description.

您可以点击这里查看，或查看视频说明。

There, they’re.

There, they’re.

Fully pronounced, we have “there”.

完整发音 ’There‘

But, both of these can reduce.

其实，这两者都可以略音。

The word ‘there’ can be used lots of different ways,

'there'这个词有很多用法，

and a common way is the phrase “there is” or “there are”.

常见的是“there is” 或 “there are”.

These phrases will often be in contraction,

这些短语通常会简写为，

“there’s” and the “there’re”.

“there’s” 和 “there’re”.

But these contractions can reduce when we say them.

在口语中，这些略音更加明显。

Then it becomes “thurs” and “thur”.

然后它变成“thurs”和“thur”。

There’s a good reason why I can’t tell you.

There’s a good reason why I can’t tell you.

There's a good reason--

There's a good reason--

There’s, there’s, there’s.

There’s, there’s, there’s.

It has the schwa rather than the EH vowel.

多数情况下发中元音而不是EH元音。

It’s said more quickly.

它说得更快。

The contraction “there are” gets even less clear,

“there are” 的略音变得简略，

it’s really just one syllable “thur”.

它实际上只剩下一个音节“thur”。

R reduces, and we lose it.

R 被省略掉。

It has the same sounds as the reduced “there”, so it blends in.

略音以后发音与“there”相同

There’re lots of reason why I can’t tell you.

There’re lots of reason why I can’t tell you.

There’re lots. There're. There're.

There’re lots. There're. There're.

There’re lots of reasons.

There’re lots of reasons.

What about the contraction “they are”, “they’re”?

“they are”到 “they’re”?

Yes, that also reduces.

是的，这里也略音了。

It might not be pronounced “they’re”,

它可能不会发音为 “they’re”,

but instead, “thur”, with the schwa.

而是略音为“thur”。

They’re in the kitchen.

They’re in the kitchen.

Thur, thur.

Thur, thur.

They’re in the kitchen.

They’re in the kitchen.

And the last word for this video, number 40, “what”.

本视频的最后一个，第40，“what”。

This word can reduce.

这个词可以略音。

Fully pronounced, it’s “what”,

完整发音 “what”,

and the T is a Flap T if the next word begins with a vowel or diphthong:

如果下一个单词以元音或双元音开始，则T是闪音T：

what are you going to do?

what are you going to do?

What are, what are.

What are, what are.

Rrrr— Flap.

Rrrr— Flap.

The T is a Stop T if the next word begins with a consonant:

如果下一个单词以辅音开始，则T是Stop T：

What were you thinking?

What were you thinking?

What were, what were.

What were, what were.

Stop T.

阻音 T.

But, if the next word begins with a D,

但是，如果下一个单词以D开头，

then we can reduce the word ‘what’ by dropping the T.

我们就可以直接去掉T的发音。

Make the vowel a schwa.

元音央化为中元音。

So the word ‘what’ becomes a very quick “wuh, wuh”.

‘what’这个词变得非常快，“wuh，wuh”。

“What did” and “what do”

“What did” 和 “what do”

are common word combinations where we do this.

是最常见的词汇组合。

What do you think?

What do you think?

What do, what do, what do.

What do, what do, what do.

The word ‘what’ is simply ‘wuh’.

‘what’ 简化为 ‘wuh’.

What did you say?

What did you say?

What did, what did, what did.

What did, what did, what did.

Again, the word ‘what’ is simply ‘wuh’, wuh.

再说一遍，‘what’ 简化为 'wuh'，wuh。

So there they are, words 31-40,

以上就是第31到40个英文常用字，

we had a lot of reductions in there.

略音几乎无处不在

Let’s keep going down this list of the 100 most common words in English to study the pronunciation,

我们会继续沿着英语中最常用的100个单词列表来学习发音，

and I don’t mean the full, official pronunciation,

不是指完整的官方发音，

I mean how the word is actually used in a sentence in American English.

而是这个单词在美国英语的句子中是如何发音的。

Look for the next installment in this series, coming soon.

即将推出的本系列的更多部分。

That’s it, and thanks so much for using Rachel’s English.

今天就讲到这里，非常感谢收看Rachel’s English教学视频.