Phrasal Verbs - English Vocabulary

短语动词 — 英语词汇

Hi, I’m Daniel.

嗨，我是Daniel。

Welcome to Oxford Online English!

欢迎来到Oxford Online English！

In this lesson, you can find out about English phrasal verbs.

在本节课里，您可以学到 英语短语动词。

Are you looking for a lesson which helps you to understand and use English phrasal verbs?

您正在找一个能帮助您去理解和 使用英语短语动词的课程吗？

We’ll go through several useful tips in this lesson.

我们会在本课程里介绍 几个有用的技巧。

Before we go on, let’s think about why phrasal verbs are so important in English.

在我们继续之前，我们来想想为什么短语 动词在英语里是十分重要的。

In spoken English, people use phrasal verbs all the time.

在英语口语里，人们随时 使用短语动词。

In fact, you’ve already come across five phrasal verbs in this video!

事实上，您在这部视屏里看到 了五个短语动词。

Did you notice them?

您有注意到它们了吗？

Go back to the start and try to find them if you want.

如果您愿意，回到开始， 并试着找到它们。

Let’s start with some basic information about English phrasal verbs

我们从一些与英语短语动词 有关的基本信息开始。

Hi, Maria!

Hi, Maria!

Glad you could come along!

Glad you could come along!

Sorry for turning up so late.

Sorry for turning up so late.

I got on the wrong bus and then I was wandering around for ages looking for your street.

I got on the wrong bus and then I was wandering around for ages looking for your street.

Don’t worry about it.

Don’t worry about it.

Should I take my shoes off?

Should I take my shoes off?

If you don’t mind.

If you don’t mind.

Would you like something to drink before we head off?

Would you like something to drink before we head off?

Tea?

Tea?

Coffee?

Coffee?

I’m dying for a cup of coffee!

I’m dying for a cup of coffee!

Oh no!

Oh no!

We’ve run out of coffee!

We’ve run out of coffee!

I’ll pop out to the shop and pick up some more.

I’ll pop out to the shop and pick up some more.

Don’t be silly!

Don’t be silly!

We can stop by at the café on the way and I’ll get a cup to go.

We can stop by at the café on the way and I’ll get a cup to go.

Good idea!

Good idea!

Let’s go now, then.

Let’s go now, then.

Give me a minute to put my shoes back on…

Give me a minute to put my shoes back on…

There were many phrasal verbs in the dialogue.

在对话里有很多短语动词。

In fact, there are thirteen.

事实上，有十三个。

How many did you hear?

您听到了多少个？

Could you write them down?

您可以写下它们吗？

Do you know what they mean?

您知道它们意思是什么吗？

If you want to practice more, go back and listen again.

如果您想要更多练习， 回头再听听。

Try to write down all thirteen phrasal verbs.

尝试写下所有十三个短语动词。

The phrasal verbs you heard were:

您听到的短语动词是：

come along turn up

come along turn up

get on wander around

get on wander around

look for take off

look for take off

head off be dying for

head off be dying for

run out of pop out

run out of pop out

pick up stop by

pick up stop by

put on

put on

Did you get them all?

您都听出来了吗？

Next: what makes these verbs phrasal verbs?

接下来：什么使这些动词 构成了短语动词？

Can explain what phrasal verbs are? Phrasal verbs have two or more parts: a verb,

可以解释短语动词是什么吗？短语动词 有两个部分或更多：一个动词、

like come, turn, get or pop, and one or more particles, like along, up, on, or around.

像是come、turn、get或pop，以及一个或更多 的助词，像是along、up、on或around。

Some phrasal verbs exist as set phrases, like be dying for.

一些短语动词作为设定短语 存在，像是be dying for。

You could argue that it isn’t really a phrasal verb, but it behaves like one, so we’ve

您可以争辩说那真的不是一个短语 动词，但是，它表现得像一个

included it here.

短语动词，所以，在这里， 我们把它包括在内。

Most importantly, a phrasal verb has one meaning.

最重要的是，一个短语 动词有一个意思。

The verb and particle don’t have independent meanings.

动词和助词没有 独立的意思。

For example, in the verb turn up, the words turn and up don’t have separate meanings.

例如，在动词turn up，动词 turn和up没有单独的意思。

The verb has two parts but one meaning.

动词有两个部分，但是，一个意思。

What does turn up mean, by the way?

随便说一下，turn up是什么意思？

It means to arrive or appear.

它意思是到达或出现。

It’s a very common verb you could use in your spoken English!

那是一个您可以在您的英语口语里 看到的很常见的动词。

Also, the meaning of a phrasal verb can be totally different from the meaning of the

同样，一个短语动词的意思 可以完全地不同于

words which it’s made from.

组成它的单词的意思。

For example, turn up has no connection with the basic meaning of turn

例如，turn up没有和turn的 基本意思的连接。

Finally, many phrasal verbs have more than one meaning.

最后，很多短语动词有 超过一个意思。

Often, the two (or sometimes three) meanings are completely separate.

通常，两个（或者有时是三个） 意思是完全分开的。

With turn up, you can also turn up the radio, the TV, or the volume on this video if you

用turn up，您也可以turn up收音机、电视， 或者这部视频的音量，

want to make it louder!

如果您让它更大声的话。

So, now you know some basic information about phrasal verbs.

所以，现在您知道一些与短语动词 有关的基础信息。

But, what makes phrasal verbs different from ‘normal’ verbs?

但是，什么造成短语动词 不同于“正常的”动词？

Many English phrasal verbs have the same meaning as another ‘normal’ one-word verb.

很多英语短语动词与另一个“正常”的 一个字的动词有相同的含义。

For example:

例如：

turn up --> arrive head off --> leave

turn up --> arrive head off --> leave

pick up --> buy or collect

pick up --> buy or collect

Other phrasal verbs have a unique meaning.

其他短语动词有一个唯一的意思。

For example, run out of, stop by or pop out can’t be replaced with just one verb with

例如，run out of、stop by或pop out 不能仅仅被一个意思

the exact same meaning.

完全相同的动词取代。

Let’s practice.

我们练习一下。

Here are five phrasal verbs, and six one-word verbs.

这里是五个短语动词，以及 六个一个字的动词。

Can you match the phrasal verbs to the one-word verbs with the same meanings?

您可以把短语动词和有相同意思 的一个字的动词匹配吗？

Be careful, because there’s one extra verb, which you don’t need!

小心，因为有一个您不需要的 额外的动词！

We’ll give you the answers in a few seconds.

我们会在几秒钟以内给您答案。

For now, pause the video if you want more time to think about it.

现在，如果您想要更多时间来 考虑它，暂停视屏。

Ready?

准备好了吗?

Here are the answers.

这里是答案。

Even here, you need to be careful.

甚至是这里，您要留意。

First, the phrasal verb and the one-word verb might not be exactly the same.

首先，短语动词和一个字的动词 不是完全一样的。

For example, what does install mean?

例如，install意思是什么？

What things can you install?

您可以install什么东西？

You can install household goods, like washing machines or air conditioners.

您可以install 家用电器， 像是洗衣机或空调。

You can also install software on your computer or on your phone.

您也可以在您的电脑或您的 手机上install软件。

The phrasal verb put in only has the first idea: you can put in a new washing machine,

短语动词put in只有第一个意思： 您可以put in一台新的洗衣机，

but you can’t put in a new app or put in a new operating system.

但是，您不能put in一个新的应用 程序或put in一个新的操作系统。

Secondly, the phrasal verb and the one-word verb often have different registers.

其次，短语动词和一个字的动词 通常有不同的适用情形。

What does that mean?

那意思是什么意思？

It means they’re used in very different situations.

那意思是它们用于 十分不同的情形。

Let’s see why this matters:

我们看看为什么这是重要的：

Hi, Maria!

Hi, Maria!

Glad you could attend!

Glad you could attend!

Sorry for appearing so late.

Sorry for appearing so late.

I boarded the wrong bus and then I was wandering for ages seeking your street.

I boarded the wrong bus and then I was wandering for ages seeking your street.

Don’t worry about it.

Don’t worry about it.

Should I remove my shoes?

Should I remove my shoes?

If you don’t mind.

If you don’t mind.

Would you like something to drink before we depart?

Would you like something to drink before we depart?

Tea?

Tea?

Coffee?

Coffee?

That was part of the same dialogue you heard before.

那是您之前听到过的 相同对话片断。

How was it different?

那是怎么不同呢？

Did it sound natural to you?

您觉得自然吗？

This time, we used one-word verbs instead of phrasal verbs in many places.

这次，我们在很多地方使用一个字的 动词取代短语动词。

I hope you heard that the dialogue sounded very strange and unnatural.

我希望您听到对话听起来 十分奇怪并不自然。

For example, a native speaker would almost never say sentences like these:

例如，一个母语人士几乎肯定 从不像这样说句子：

The one-word verbs are too formal, and they aren’t used in simple, spoken English like

一个单字的动词是太正式了， 以及它们不像这样用于

this.

简单的口头英语。

You need to use the phrasal verbs.

您要使用短语动词。

Even when phrasal verbs and one-word verbs have the same meaning, you can’t always

甚至当短语动词和一个字的动词 有相同的意思，您不能

use them in the same way.

总是以相同的方式使用它们。

Look for and seek have the same meaning, but seek is much more formal and literary.

Look for和seek有相同的意思，但是， seek是更加正式和更文学的。

You wouldn’t use it often in conversational English.

您肯定不会常常在 英语会话里用它。

So, in spoken English, you often need to use phrasal verbs to sound natural.

所以，在英语口语里，您常常需要使用 短语动词来让自己听起来自然。

On the other hand, because many phrasal verbs are more informal, they aren’t appropriate

在另一方面，因为很多短语动词是 更不正式的，他们在

in formal writing.

正式书写不适合。

That said, many English learners think that ‘all phrasal verbs are informal’.

那就是说，很多英语学生认为 “all phrasal verbs are informal”。

That isn’t true.

不是那样的。

Phrasal verbs can be more formal or informal like any other words.

短语动词像任何其他的单词那样 可以是更正式的或更不正式的。

For example, pop out is very informal; you probably wouldn’t use it in written English.

例如，pop out是很不正式的；您 有可能不在书写英语里使用它。

Look for has a neutral tone, meaning you can use it in any situation.

Look for有一个中性的语气，意思是 您可以在任何情形里使用它。

Some phrasal verbs, like draw upon, even sound quite formal.

一些短语动词，像是draw upon， 甚至听起来十分正式。

However, when you have a phrasal verb and a one-word verb with the same meaning, like

然而，当您有一个有相同意思的短语动词和一字动词时， 像是

turn up and arrive, the one-word verb is generally more formal than the phrasal verb.

turn up和arrive，一字动词一般来说是 比短语动词更正式的。

Now, you should know what phrasal verbs are, how they’re different from ‘normal’

现在，您应当知道短语动词是什么了， 它们是怎样不同于“正式的”

verbs, and when you should use phrasal verbs.

动词，以及您应该要在什么 时候用短语动词。

Next, let’s turn to a very important question: how can you remember phrasal verbs?

接下来，我们转向一个非常重要的 问题：您怎样能记住短语动词？

We said before that the meaning of a phrasal verb often has no connection to the words

我们之前说过一个短语动词的 意思通常不会和

which it’s made from.

构成它的动词有连接。

For example, if you look up a new word in the dictionary, there’s no direct connection

例如，如果您在一本字典里 look up一个新单词，与 up

to the meaning of up However, prepositions in phrasal verbs aren’t

的含义没有直接联系。然而， 短语动词中的介词

totally random.

并非完全是随机的。

Often, the same preposition in different phrasal verbs has a similar meaning.

通常，在不同的短语动词里的相同 介词有一个相似的意思。

Look at three verbs:

看三个动词：

go down cut down

go down cut down

turn down

turn down

The preposition down has a similar meaning in these three verbs.

介词down在这三个动词里 有一个相似的意思。

Do you know what connects them?

您知道什么连接它们吗？

Perhaps it’ll be clearer if you see them in full sentences:

如果您在整句里看它们， 可能那会更清楚：

Sales went down by 15% last year.

Sales went down by 15% last year.

I’m trying to cut down on how much coffee I drink.

I’m trying to cut down on how much coffee I drink.

Can you turn the TV down?

Can you turn the TV down?

It’s too loud.

It’s too loud.

Can you see the connection now?

现在您可以看到连接了吗？

In these phrasal verbs, down has the idea of something decreasing.

在这些短语动词里，down有某些 东西正在降低的意思。

Let’s look at another example.

我们来看看另一个例子。

Here are three sentences:

这里是三个句子：

He sent out hundreds of job applications.

He sent out hundreds of job applications.

They handed out immigration forms before we landed.

They handed out immigration forms before we landed.

The teacher gave out the worksheets.

The teacher gave out the worksheets.

These sentences contain phrasal verbs with the preposition out.

这些句子包含有带 介词out的短语动词。

Can you see what connects them?

您可以看到什么连接它们吗？

These three phrasal verbs: send out, hand out and give out all have the idea of ‘to

这三个短语动词：send out、hand out和give out，所有都有“to

many people at one time.’

many people at one time.”的意思。

If he sent out hundreds of job applications, then he sent many job applications, to many

如果他sent out几百份工作申请， 那么他发送了很多工作申请

different people, all at one time.

给很多不同的人，所有都是在一次做的。

If the teacher gave out the worksheets, then she gave out many worksheets to many students

如果老师gave out 工作表，那么， 她一次性散发了很多

at one time.

工作表给很多学生。

Again, you can see how one preposition can have a similar meaning in different phrasal

同样，您可以看到一个介词在不同的 短语动词里怎样可以

verbs.

有一个类似的意思。

Learning more about prepositions and how they’re used in phrasal verbs can help you to make

学习更多与介词有关的，以及它们 怎样用在短语动词可以帮助

connections like these and remember phrasal verbs more easily!

您去建立像这样的连接，并更 容易地记住短语动词！

Let’s see one more practical tip to help you learn and remember English phrasal verbs.

我们再看一个帮助您学习和记忆 英语短语动词的实用技巧。

So far, you’ve seen that:

到目前为止，您已经看到它了：

The meaning of a phrasal verb often has no connection to the meaning of the words which

短语动词的意思通常与那些构成 它的单词的意思

it’s made of.

没有连接。

Phrasal verbs can have more than one meaning.

短语动词可以有一种以上的意思。

And: Using phrasal verbs correctly depends heavily on register, not just on meaning.

以及：正确地使用短语动词很大程度上 取决于语境，而不仅仅是意思。

Why are these things important for remembering phrasal verbs?

为什么这些事情对于 记住短语动词是重要的？

They’re important because it’s very hard to learn and remember phrasal verbs without

它们重要是因为没有上下文， 要学习和记住短语动词

context.

是很难的。

For example, if you learn vocabulary by writing down the translation in your language, and

例如，如果您用写下您的语言的 翻译的方式来学词汇，然后，

then trying to memorise the translation, you’ll have big problems remembering and using phrasal

试着去记忆翻译，您会在 记忆和使用短语动词上

verbs.

有大问题。

Actually, this is true for all vocabulary learning, but it’s especially true with

实际上，这适用于所有的词汇 学习，但是，特别适用于

phrasal verbs.

短语动词。

You’ll end up with a list of verbs that look very similar to you: look up, look up

结果您会得到一个对您来说看起来 很相似的动词列表：look up、

to, look down on, look through, look around, look after…

look up to、look down on、look through、 look around、look after…

It’s too hard!

那太难了！

So, practice good vocabulary learning habits with phrasal verbs.

所以，用短语动词来养成 良好的词汇学习习惯。

Make sure you learn phrasal verbs in full sentences.

确定您在一个整句里学短语动词。

If possible, the sentences should mean something to you.

如果可能，句子对您来说 应当是有意义的。

Try to take example sentences from things you read or heard which were interesting for

试着从您读到的、听到的、对您 来说是有趣的事情里去

you.

找例句。

You could even take examples from conversations you had in English, so long as you’re confident

您甚至可以从您讲英语的对话里面 找例句，只要您自信您

you can remember the sentences correctly.

可以正确地记住句子。

Let’s practice; here are three phrasal verbs from this lesson:

我们来练习；这里是取自本节 课的三个短语动词：

come along head off

come along head off

pop out

pop out

Can you make an example sentence with each verb?

您可以用每一个短语动词 造一个例句吗？

Try to make something relevant to you and your life.

试着造一些与您或您的 生活相关的。

Do it now; pause the video, and write down your three sentences.

现在做，暂停视屏，并写下 您的三个句子。

Ready?

准备好了吗？

Here are some suggestions.

这里是一些建议。

Of course, your sentences will be different.

当然，您的句子会是不同的。

That’s fine.

那很好。

However, if you’re not sure that your sentences are correct, it’s important to check.

然而，如果您不确定您的句子是 正确的，检查一下是重要的。

Ask a friend or a teacher.

询问一位朋友或一位老师。

Otherwise, you’ll learn the words wrong.

否则，您会学错单词。

Here are our suggested sentences:

这里是我们建议的句子：

Do you want to come along to the cinema tonight?

Do you want to come along to the cinema tonight?

It’s getting late, so I think I’ll head off.

It’s getting late, so I think I’ll head off.

I think she’s popped out to get something for lunch.

I think she’s popped out to get something for lunch.

Now, you have your example sentences, and hopefully you’ve checked that they’re

现在，您有您的例句，希望您 有检查它们，它们是

correct.

正确的。

What next?

接下来是什么？

Use a digital flashcard app such as Quizlet, or Anki.

使用一个数码闪卡应用程序， 像是Quizlet，或Anki。

Put your sentences in as questions with the phrasal verbs replaced with gaps.

把您的有带空格的短语动词的 句子当做问题放到里面。

For example: You can make the questions easier or more

例如：您可以通过删除较少的 或更多的字母来造较

difficult by removing fewer or more letters.

简单的，或更难的问题。

If you haven’t used Quizlet, Anki or anything like that before, then we recommend checking

如果您之前没有用过Quizlet、Anki或 任何像那样的应用程序，那么，

them out.

我们推荐您看一下它们。

There are links below the video.

在视屏的下面有链接。

Also, we highly recommend making more than one card for each verb.

我们也强烈推荐为每个动词 制作一张以上的卡片。

For example: Again, you can make some cards easier and

例如：同样，您可以做一些 较简单的卡片和

some cards more difficult.

写更难的卡片。

Review your cards regularly, and you’ll find it easy to remember English phrasal verbs,

有规律地复习您的卡片，您会发现 记住英语短语动词是容易的，

because you’ll be learning them in context.

因为您会在上下文里学习它们。

Remember that you can find more great free English lessons on our website: Oxford Online

记住您可以在我们的网站上找到 更多很棒的免费英语课程：

English dot com.

Oxford Online English dot com.

See you next time!

下次见！

Thanks for watching!

感谢观看！