Learn English Vocabulary Daily #13.1 - British English Podcast

Hello and welcome to The English Like a Native Podcast.

您好，欢迎来到像母语一样的英语播客。

My name is Anna and you're listening to Week 13, Day 1 of Your English Five a Day.

我叫安娜，你正在听《英语每日五堂》第 13 周第一天。

This is a series that aims to increase your active vocabulary by deep

该系列旨在

diving into five pieces every day of the week, from Monday to Friday.

通过周一至周五每天深入研究五篇文章来增加您的活跃词汇量。

Today, we're going to start with a noun that I'm sure you already know, but

今天，我们将从一个我相信你已经知道的名词开始，但

really think about pronunciation here.

这里要认真考虑一下发音。

We have the word fear, fear.

我们有恐惧这个词。

We often talk about having a fear of something, a fear of.

我们经常谈论对某事的恐惧，对某事的恐惧。

Now fear is spelled F E A R, and we have this lovely diphthong sound, /ɪə/, /ɪə/.

现在恐惧被拼写为FEAR，我们有这个可爱的双元音，/ɪə/，/ɪə/。

Fear.

害怕。

So, if you're not familiar with this word, fear describes an unpleasant emotion or

所以，如果你不熟悉这个词，恐惧描述的

thought that you have when you're afraid, when you're frightened or worried that

是当你害怕、害怕或担心

something dangerous is happening or about to happen or something painful.

危险的事情正在发生、即将发生或痛苦的事情时，你所产生的一种不愉快的情绪或想法。

For example, people have a fear of needles.

例如，人们害怕针头。

They're scared to have an injection because they think it will hurt.

他们害怕注射，因为他们认为会痛。

So, they have this worry, this fear of pain, when it comes to needles.

所以，当谈到针头时，他们有这种担心，这种对疼痛的恐惧。

I used to have a fear of needles.

我曾经对针有恐惧。

I also had an irrational fear, which I have spoken about once or twice before,

我也有一种非理性的恐惧，我之前已经讲过一两次了，

but if you haven't heard about this, I used to have an irrational fear, which

但是如果你没有听说过这个，我曾经有过一种非理性的恐惧，这

is a fear that doesn't really make sense.

是一种没有真正意义的恐惧。

I have an irrational fear of of wet tea bags.

我对湿茶袋有一种非理性的恐惧。

Which is a little bit crazy.

这有点疯狂。

But it all stemmed from this disgusting dream that I had.

但这一切都源于我做了一个恶心的梦。

And I, I'm doubting, hesitating now if I should even share this with you,

而我，我正在怀疑，犹豫是否应该与你分享这个，

because you might be eating breakfast.

因为你可能正在吃早餐。

Anyway it was a dream that just made me feel quite disgusted

无论如何，这是一个让我

because of wet tea bags.

因为湿茶包而感到非常恶心的梦。

So, when I saw wet tea bags after this dream, I had this physical

所以，当我在这个梦之后看到湿茶袋时，我有一种身体

reaction of feeling quite sick and nauseous and I couldn't.

反应，感觉非常恶心和恶心，但我做不到。

My mouth would start watering and everything.

我会开始流口水等等。

I couldn't look at or touch wet tea bags.

我无法看或触摸湿茶袋。

I'm over it now.

我现在已经结束了。

I'm past it now.

我现在已经过去了。

I've dealt with it.

我已经处理过了。

But for a while it was, it was problematic because, you know, I'm

但有一段时间，这是有问题的，因为，你知道，我是

British and I drink lots of tea.

英国人，我喝很多茶。

So, anyway, do you have any fears?

那么，无论如何，你有任何恐惧吗？

Irrational or rational fears?

非理性还是理性的恐惧？

Here's an example sentence.

这是一个例句。

"I have always had a fear of snakes, though I did once have a huge

“我一直很害怕蛇，尽管

Boa Constrictor around my neck.

我的脖子上曾经有过一条巨大的蟒蛇。

Oh, my heart was racing!"

哦，我的心在狂跳！”

Okay, so next on our list is an adjective and it is afraid,

好的，我们列表中的下一个是一个形容词，它是害怕，

afraid, to be afraid of something.

害怕，害怕某事。

So, this is spelled A F R A I D, afraid, afraid.

所以，这就是AF RAID，害怕，害怕。

I am afraid.

恐怕。

So, this is a feeling of fear.

所以，这是一种恐惧的感觉。

So, there's that feeling of being worried or frightened, and you're

所以，有一种担心或害怕的感觉，你

worried or frightened about a possible bad thing happening.

担心或害怕可能发生的坏事。

I am afraid of losing my children when I go out in a busy crowd, especially

当我外出在繁忙的人群中时，我害怕失去我的孩子，尤其

if I'm in a city like London.

是在伦敦这样的城市。

I get very nervous.

我变得非常紧张。

I am afraid that I might lose my child and not be able to find my

我担心我可能会失去我的孩子而无法找到我的

child, and that would be horrendous.

孩子，那将是可怕的。

So, I have a fear of losing my children.

所以，我害怕失去我的孩子。

When I'm out in a crowd, I feel afraid.

当我在人群中时，我会感到害怕。

I have this ongoing worry, and if I turn around and for a second I

我一直有这种担忧，如果我转过身，有那么一瞬间我

can't see my child, I really start to feel this growing fear inside me.

看不到我的孩子，我真的会开始感受到内心日益增长的恐惧。

I become very afraid.

我变得非常害怕。

So, I feel that fear.

所以，我感受到了恐惧。

Here's an example sentence.

这是一个例句。

"You should never be afraid to speak the truth, honesty is always the best policy."

“你永远不应该害怕说实话，诚实永远是最好的政策。”

And that is really a very good example sentence.

这确实是一个非常好的例句。

Honesty is the best policy, but there are times when you feel

诚实是最好的策略，但有时您会

afraid to tell someone the truth.

害怕告诉别人真相。

I remember I drove my partner's car off the driveway and we had some builders

我记得我把我伴侣的车开出了车道，

at the time doing some work on the garden, helping to build the studio

当时我们有一些建筑商在花园里做一些工作，帮助建造工作室

and they left a huge bag of gravel.

，他们留下了一大袋砾石。

It was a huge bag.

那是一个巨大的袋子。

It was like, you know, up to my waist.

就像，你知道，一直到我的腰部。

It was very high and wide.

它又高又宽。

And it was right on the edge of the driveway, as I was backing out the car,

它就在车道的边缘，当我倒车时，

it was right there, kind of in the way.

它就在那里，有点碍事。

I didn't have much room to manoeuvre, so, I tried my best, but I couldn't really

我没有太多的回旋余地，所以，我尽了最大的努力，但

see the bag because of where it was positioned, so, I was kind of guessing,

由于它的位置，我无法真正看到袋子，所以，我有点猜测，

and I misjudged it, and I scraped the side of the car along the side of this

我判断错误，我刮掉了袋子。沿着这个袋子侧面的汽车侧面

bag, and because it had gravel in it, gravel is, is like lots of little stones,

，因为里面有砾石，砾石就像很多小石头，

it scratched the paintwork so badly.

车漆被严重划伤了。

Like hundreds of tiny little scratches.

就像数百个细小的划痕。

It was just such a mess.

真是一团糟。

And when I got out and saw it, I just panicked.

当我出去看到它时，我只是惊慌失措。

And I thought,

"Oh my goodness me, what am I going to do?"

我想： “天哪，我该怎么办？”

I felt afraid.

我感到害怕。

I was afraid to tell my partner.

我不敢告诉我的伴侣。

I knew I had to, but I was afraid about how he would react.

我知道我必须这样做，但我担心他会如何反应。

So, let's carry on with our next one.

那么，让我们继续下一篇。

This is another noun and it is phobia, phobia.

这是另一个名词，它是恐惧症，恐惧症。

Now we spell this P H O B I A.

现在我们把这个 PHOBI A.

Phobia.

Phobia 拼写出来。

Often PH represents an F sound.

通常 PH 代表 F 音。

So, a phobia, this is like a type of anxiety.

所以，恐惧症，就像一种焦虑。

A phobia is much more of a big issue though.

不过，恐惧症更是一个大问题。

I might feel fear when I'm in a dangerous situation, but if I have a

当我处于危险的境地时，我可能会感到恐惧，但如果我有

phobia, then I'm extremely fearful.

恐惧症，那么我会非常害怕。

I'm very afraid about something in particular.

我对某件事特别害怕。

So, I might have a phobia of spiders, and that's usually referred to

所以，我可能有蜘蛛恐惧症，通常被称为

as arachnophobia, arachnophobia.

蜘蛛恐惧症，蜘蛛恐惧症。

So, 'phobia' is the fear of, and 'arachna' represents spider, or arachnids.

因此，“phobia”是对蜘蛛的恐惧，而“arachna”则代表蜘蛛或蛛形纲动物。

So, a phobia is a fear of something.

所以，恐惧症是对某事的恐惧。

Some people have a phobia of going outside.

有些人有外出恐惧症。

Some people have a phobia of large crowds of people.

有些人对人群有恐惧症。

Some people have a phobia of being left alone.

有些人害怕独自一人。

I had that irrational fear.

我有那种非理性的恐惧。

I had a phobia of wet tea bags.

我对湿茶袋有恐惧症。

What else do people, oh, a phobia of heights, a fear of

人们还有什么呢，哦，恐高症，恐

heights is a very common one.

高症是很常见的一种。

So, it tends to be quite debilitating, a phobia.

所以，它往往会让人非常虚弱，成为一种恐惧症。

It's a quite an extreme anxiety.

这是一种相当极端的焦虑。

Okay.

好的。

Here's an example sentence.

这是一个例句。

"Adrian refused to have the vaccination because he has a phobia of needles."

“阿德里安拒绝接种疫苗，因为他有针头恐惧症。”

Okay.

Moving on, we have an adverb and it is cautiously.

好的。

继续，我们有一个副词，它是谨慎的。

Cautiously.

小心点。

We spell this C A U T I O U S L Y.

我们将其拼写为 CAUTIOUSL Y.

Cautiously.

小心。

Cautiously.

小心点。

Now, if you do something cautiously, then you do it in a careful and

现在，如果你谨慎做某事，那么你就会以谨慎、

thought-about way to avoid risks.

深思熟虑的方式去做，以避免风险。

So, you really think about what you're doing.

所以，你真的要考虑一下你在做什么。

Often when we're doing things like walking down the path, we're not

通常，当我们做诸如沿着小路行走之类的事情时，我们不会

thinking about the movements and the act of walking, because we're

考虑行走的动作和行为，因为我们

on autopilot, we're just doing it.

处于自动驾驶状态，我们只是在做。

We've done it so many times before that our brain has a different

我们之前已经这样做过很多次了，以至于我们的大脑有一种不同的

process, one that saves energy.

过程，一种节省能量的过程。

It's not problem solving.

这不是解决问题。

So, you're just walking.

所以，你只是走路而已。

However, if you step out one morning and it's icy because it's been

然而，如果有一天早上你出门时发现天气很冷，因为天气真的

really cold, then you're going to walk in a very different way.

很冷，那么你的行走方式就会大不相同。

Your brain can't go into default autopilot mode and just walk.

你的大脑无法进入默认的自动驾驶模式并只是行走。

You have to take very careful steps and slow down and try and keep yourself

您必须采取非常小心的步骤并放慢速度，并尝试

steady on the unsteady surface.

在不稳定的表面上保持稳定。

Not an unsteady surface, is it a slippery surface, on the slippery

不是不稳定的表面，是光滑的表面，在光滑的

surface because you don't want to fall.

表面上，因为你不想跌倒。

So, you have to walk cautiously down the path.

所以，你必须小心翼翼地走在路上。

Okay.

好的。

Here's an example sentence.

这是一个例句。

"This path looks a bit rocky, as it's so dark, make sure you

“这条路看起来有点石头，因为它很黑，一定要

walk cautiously along the edge."

小心地沿着边缘行走。”

And the last one on our list today is a phrasal verb and

今天我们列表中的最后一个是一个短语动词，

it is freak out, freak out.

它是“freak out，freak out”。

This is spelled F R E A K; out, O U T.

拼写为“FREAK”；出去，OU T。

Freak out.

吓坏了。

Freak out.

吓坏了。

Now, to freak out is to become extremely emotional, either in

现在，惊慌失措意味着变得极度情绪化，无论是

a negative or a positive way.

消极的还是积极的。

So, for example, if I surprise you with the most amazing gift that

所以，举例来说，如果我给你 一个你可能想要的

you could ever possibly wish for.

最令人惊奇的礼物，给你一个惊喜

And it's such a huge surprise.

。 这真是一个巨大的惊喜。

At that moment when the reveal happens, you will probably react in a very

当真相揭晓的那一刻，你可能会做出非常

emotional way — excited, very happy.

情绪化的反应——兴奋、非常高兴。

So, you're probably going to be jumping around and screaming and

所以，你可能会跳来跳去，尖叫着，

just hugging people and being like, "Ahh I can't believe it, ahh!"

拥抱人们，然后说，“啊，我简直不敢相信，啊！”

that is called freaking out.

这就是所谓的惊慌失措。

But freak out can also be used for negative situations.

但“freak out”也可以用于消极的情况。

So, if I'm in that circumstance where I don't know where my children are,

所以，如果我处于不知道孩子在哪里的情况下，

I'm in a very busy place, I turn around, and I can't see my kids.

我就在一个非常繁忙的地方，我转身就看不到我的孩子了。

I very quickly start to freak out.

我很快就开始抓狂。

And I will, you know, if I'm in the supermarket, I'll happily walk

你知道，如果我在超市，我会很高兴地离开

away from my shopping trolley.

购物车。

I'll start running around shouting the name of my lost child and panicking

我会开始四处奔走，喊着我失去的孩子的名字，然后惊慌失措

and approaching strangers and asking for help, getting very distraught.

并接近陌生人并寻求帮助，变得非常心烦意乱。

Maybe I would start crying if, you know, it goes on for too long.

如果这种情况持续太久，我也许会开始哭泣。

I would be freaking out.

我会吓坏的。

I would be filled with all these negative emotions.

我会充满所有这些负面情绪。

Okay, so here's an example sentence.

好的，这是一个例句。

"Don't freak out, but...

“别惊慌，但是……

I just won 3.5 million on the lottery!

我刚刚中了三百五十万彩票！

I still can't quite believe it."

我还是不敢相信。”

Alright, so that's our five for today.

好的，这就是我们今天的五点。

Let's do a quick recap.

让我们快速回顾一下。

We had the noun fear, which is the unpleasant emotion you have when

我们有一个名词“恐惧”，它是当你 担心会发生危险、坏事或痛苦的事情时

you're worried that something dangerous or bad or painful will happen.

所产生的不愉快的情绪 。

We had the adjective afraid, the feeling of fear, the feeling of worry.

我们有“害怕”这个形容词、“恐惧的感觉”、“担心的感觉”。

Then we had another noun, phobia, phobia, very similar to fear, but it's much more

然后我们有另一个名词，恐惧症，恐惧症，与恐惧非常相似，但它更像

of a disorder and it's much more extreme, a fear of something in particular.

是一种障碍，而且更极端，是对特定事物的恐惧。

Then we had the adverb cautiously to do something in a very careful and

然后我们有副词“谨慎地”，以非常仔细和

thought about way to avoid any risks.

深思熟虑的方式

And finally, the phrasal verb freak out, freak out when you become extremely

做某事， 以避免任何风险。 最后，当你

emotional in a positive or negative way.

以积极或消极的方式变得极度情绪化时，短语动词“freak out”、“freak out”。

So, let's try this for pronunciation now.

那么，现在让我们尝试一下这个发音。

Please repeat after me.

请跟着我重复一遍。

Fear.

害怕。

Fear.

害怕。

Afraid.

害怕的。

Afraid.

害怕的。

Phobia.

恐怖症。

Phobia.

恐怖症。

Cautiously.

小心点。

Cautiously.

小心点。

Freak out.

吓坏了。

Freak out.

吓坏了。

Fantastic.

极好的。

Okay, now I'm going to just quiz you a little bit.

好吧，现在我要考考你一点。

If I have a deep concern and worry about spiders, that's the one thing

如果我对蜘蛛有深深的担忧和担心，那就是

that just makes me go crazy with fear.

让我因恐惧而发疯的 一件事

What noun would I use to describe that particular type of anxiety?

。 我会用什么名词来描述这种特定类型的焦虑？

A phobia, a phobia.

恐惧症，恐惧症。

And the feeling that I get when I'm feeling worried could be

当我感到担心的时候，我的感觉可以

described as what adjective?

用什么形容词来形容呢？

Afraid, to feel afraid.

害怕，感到害怕。

And if I need to do something in a very careful way, I need to

如果我需要非常小心地做某事，我需要

really think about it to avoid risks, which adverb would I use?

认真考虑以避免风险，我会使用哪个副词？

I would do it...

我会谨慎地做这件事

cautiously.

。

Cautiously.

小心点。

And if I tell you some bad news and you react in a really highly

如果我告诉你一些坏消息，而你的反应非常

emotional way, then I could say that you are, what phrasal verb?

情绪化，那么我可以说你是，什么短语动词？

Freaking out.

吓坏了。

Freaking out.

吓坏了。

And finally, the noun that we use to describe that unpleasant emotion

最后，我们用来描述

that we feel when we are afraid is...

我们在害怕时感受到的不愉快情绪的名词是……

fear.

恐惧。

Fear.

害怕。

Okay, now let's bring everything together in a little story.

好吧，现在让我们把所有的东西都放在一个小故事里。

I once knew someone with a phobia.

我曾经认识一个患有恐惧症的人。

Yeah, my friend's son, Callum.

是的，我朋友的儿子卡勒姆。

He was a brave boy - well, I mean, he was 13 so a brave teen - and

他是一个勇敢的男孩——嗯，我的意思是，他才 13 岁，所以是一个勇敢的青少年——从来

had never encountered anything that sent shivers down his spine, until

没有遇到过任何让他脊背发凉的事情，直到

one day when he laid eyes upon a spider for the very first time.

有一天，他第一次看到一只蜘蛛。

A huge one.

一个巨大的。

His heart raced, and his palms turned clammy with fear.

他的心跳加速，手掌因恐惧而变得湿冷。

He realised he had a phobia, a deep-rooted fear of those eight-legged creatures.

他意识到自己患有恐惧症，对那些八足生物有着根深蒂固的恐惧。

At first, Callum was unable to move, he was paralysed with fear.

起初，卡勒姆无法动弹，他因恐惧而瘫痪。

But something inside him kept saying,

但他内心深处有一个声音一直在说：

"Don't let fear control you!"

“不要让恐惧控制你！”

So, cautiously, he inched closer, his heart beating so fast that he felt like

于是，他小心翼翼地靠近了一点，他的心跳得如此之快，以至于他感觉

it was trying to jump out of his chest.

它正试图从胸口跳出来。

The spider seemed just as afraid as he was, crawling away as

蜘蛛似乎和他一样害怕，爬走了，仿佛

if it sensed Callum's terror.

感觉到了卡勒姆的恐惧。

Callum was determined not to let this tiny, hairy creature control him.

卡勒姆决心不让这个毛茸茸的小生物控制他。

So, taking a deep breath, in one quick sweeping motion he picked the creepy

于是，他深吸了一口气，快速地一扫，把那只令人毛骨悚然的

crawly up and held it in his hands.

爬虫捡起来，握在手里。

For a moment, he thought he was going to completely freak out, or worse, that

有那么一会儿，他以为自己要彻底崩溃了，或者更糟，

he might faint or vomit, but neither of those things happened and as the seconds

他可能会晕倒或呕吐，但这些事情都没有发生，随着时间的

passed, the pounding in his chest eased off, and he finally plucked up the courage

流逝，他胸口的撞击声减弱了，他终于拿起了鼓起勇气

to peek a little closer at the spider.

近距离观察蜘蛛。

He reminded himself that spiders were more afraid of him than he was of them.

他提醒自己，蜘蛛害怕他比他害怕它们还要多。

Over time, he overcame his fear and even came to admire spiders,

随着时间的推移，他克服了恐惧，甚至开始欣赏蜘蛛，

thinking how clever it was that such a small, scary creature could

认为这样一个小而可怕的生物能够

create intricate webs of such beauty.

织出如此美丽的错综复杂的网，是多么聪明。

The experience made Callum realise that allowing fear to dictate

这次经历让卡勒姆意识到，让恐惧支配

his actions was no way to live.

他的行为并不是一种生活方式。

And from that day forward, the only thing he was afraid of was fear itself.

从那天起，他唯一害怕的就是恐惧本身。

And that brings us to the end of today's episode.

今天这一集就到此结束了。

I do hope you found it useful.

我真心希望你觉得它有用。

If you are enjoying The English Like a Native podcast, then I'd greatly

如果您喜欢 The English Like a Native 播客，那么我非常

appreciate a like, rating or review so that others can find us too.

感谢您的点赞、评分或评论，以便其他人也能找到我们。

Until next time, take very good care and goodbye.

直到下次，好好照顾并再见。