Going through the menopause - 6 Minute English

59,370 views ใƒป 2021-09-30

BBC Learning English


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ. ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืžืชื•ืจื’ืžื•ืช ืžืชื•ืจื’ืžื•ืช ื‘ืžื›ื•ื ื”.

00:08
Hello. This is 6 Minute English
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ืฉืœื•ื. ื–ื•ื”ื™ 6 ื“ืงื•ืช ืื ื’ืœื™ืช
00:10
from BBC Learning English.
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ืžื‘ื™ืช BBC Learning English.
00:11
I'm Sam.
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ืื ื™ ืกืื.
00:12
And I'm Georgina.
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ื•ืื ื™ ื’'ื•ืจื’'ื™ื ื”.
00:14
Something that affects almost every
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ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืžืฉืคื™ืข ื›ืžืขื˜ ืขืœ ื›ืœ
00:16
woman at some point in her life is
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ืื™ืฉื” ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ืžืกื•ื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื” ื”ื•ื
00:18
the menopause. The menopause is
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ื’ื™ืœ ื”ืžืขื‘ืจ. ื’ื™ืœ ื”ืžืขื‘ืจ ื”ื•ื
00:21
a natural part of ageing that happens
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ื—ืœืง ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ืžื”ื”ื–ื“ืงื ื•ืช ืฉืงื•ืจื”
00:23
as a woman's hormones decline and
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ื›ืฉื”ื”ื•ืจืžื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืื™ืฉื” ื™ื•ืจื“ื™ื ื•ื”ื™ื
00:25
she stops having monthly periods
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ืžืคืกื™ืงื” ืœืงื‘ืœ ืžื—ื–ื•ืจ ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™
00:27
and being able to get
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ื•ืœื”ืฆืœื™ื— ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก
00:28
pregnant naturally.
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ืœื”ืจื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื˜ื‘ืขื™.
00:30
With the menopause comes physical
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ืขื ื’ื™ืœ ื”ืžืขื‘ืจ ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื
00:31
signs. These vary from person to
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ืกื™ืžื ื™ื ืคื™ื–ื™ื™ื. ืืœื” ืžืฉืชื ื™ื ืžืื“ื ืœืื“ื
00:34
person and often include hot flushes,
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ื•ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื›ื•ืœืœื™ื ื’ืœื™ ื—ื•ื,
00:37
mood swings and night sweats.
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ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ื”ืจื•ื— ื•ื”ื–ืขื•ืช ืœื™ืœื”.
00:39
But besides these there may be
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ืื‘ืœ ืžืœื‘ื“ ืืœื” ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช
00:41
other changes too and living
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ื’ื ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ื•ื”ื—ื™ื™ื
00:43
through it can be isolating,
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ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื‘ื•ื“ื“ื™ื,
00:44
both personally and
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ื”ืŸ ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืื™ืฉื™ืช ื•ื”ืŸ ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื”
00:46
professionally.
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ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ืช.
00:47
In many societies the menopause
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ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ื’ื™ืœ ื”ืžืขื‘ืจ
00:49
is still taboo - not talked about
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ื”ื•ื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ืื‘ื• - ืœื ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœื™ื•
00:51
in public for social or religious
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ื‘ืคื•ืžื‘ื™ ืžืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื•ืช ืื• ื“ืชื™ื•ืช
00:53
reasons, or because people
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, ืื• ื›ื™ ืœืื ืฉื™ื
00:55
are uncomfortable discussing it.
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ืœื ื ื•ื— ืœื“ื•ืŸ ื‘ื–ื”.
00:58
But recently high-profile women
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ืื‘ืœ ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื” ื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ืคืจื•ืคื™ืœ ื’ื‘ื•ื”
01:00
like former First Lady, Michelle
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ื›ืžื• ื”ื’ื‘ืจืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืœืฉืขื‘ืจ, ืžื™ืฉืœ
01:02
Obama, have started speaking up.
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ืื•ื‘ืžื”, ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืœื“ื‘ืจ.
01:05
In this programme, we'll be
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ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื–ื•,
01:06
hearing from two other women
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ื ืฉืžืข ืžืฉืชื™ ื ืฉื™ื ืื—ืจื•ืช
01:08
trying to make the menopause
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ื”ืžื ืกื•ืช ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื’ื™ืœ ื”ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื’ืœื•ื™
01:09
more visible in society -
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ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื” -
01:11
and, of course, we'll be
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ื•ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ื ืœืžื“ ื’ื ืื•ืฆืจ
01:13
learning some related vocabulary
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ืžื™ืœื™ื ืงืฉื•ืจ
01:14
as well. But first let me ask
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. ืื‘ืœ ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื”ืจืฉื” ืœื™ ืœืฉืื•ืœ
01:17
you my quiz question, Georgina.
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ืื•ืชืš ืืช ืฉืืœืช ื”ื—ื™ื“ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื™, ื’'ื•ืจื’'ื™ื ื”.
01:19
As we mentioned, the menopause
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ื›ืคื™ ืฉืฆื™ื™ื ื•, ื’ื™ืœ ื”ืžืขื‘ืจ
01:21
is part of the natural ageing
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ื”ื•ื ื—ืœืง ืžืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื”ื–ื“ืงื ื•ืช ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™
01:22
process and usually occurs
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ื•ืžืชืจื—ืฉ ืœืจื•ื‘
01:25
between the ages of 45 and 55.
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ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื’ื™ืœืื™ื 45 ืขื“ 55.
01:28
But what is the average age
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ืืš ืžื”ื• ื”ื’ื™ืœ ื”ืžืžื•ืฆืข
01:30
for a woman to reach the
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ืฉืœ ืื™ืฉื” ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื’ื™ืœ
01:31
menopause in Britain?
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ื”ืžืขื‘ืจ ื‘ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื”?
01:33
Is it: a) 49?, b) 51?
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ื”ืื ื–ื”: ื) 49?, ื‘) 51?
01:37
or c) 53?
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ืื• ื’) 53?
01:40
I'll jump in the middle
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ืื ื™ ืืงืคื•ืฅ ื‘ืืžืฆืข
01:41
and say 51 years old.
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ื•ืื•ืžืจ ื‘ืŸ 51.
01:44
OK, Georgina, we'll find out
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ื‘ืกื“ืจ, ื’'ื•ืจื’'ื™ื ื”, ื ื’ืœื”
01:45
the answer later in the programme.
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ืืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช.
01:48
Since the menopause is a normal
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ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื’ื™ืœ ื”ืžืขื‘ืจ ื”ื•ื
01:50
and natural part of life it's
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ื—ืœืง ื ื•ืจืžืœื™ ื•ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ืžื”ื—ื™ื™ื,
01:51
surprising how little it's talked
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ืžืคืชื™ืข ื›ืžื” ืžืขื˜ ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื
01:53
about. Dr Nighat Arif is a
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ืขืœื™ื•. ื“"ืจ ื ื™ื’ืืช ืขืจื™ืฃ ื”ื™ื
01:56
British Pakistani family doctor
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ืจื•ืคืืช ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืคืงื™ืกื˜ื ื™ืช ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื™ืช
01:58
specialising in women's
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ื”ืžืชืžื—ื”
01:59
health. According to her,
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ื‘ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื ืฉื™ื. ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื”,
02:01
the silence around the
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ื”ืฉืงื˜ ืกื‘ื™ื‘
02:02
subject is because menopause
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ื”ื ื•ืฉื ื ื•ื‘ืข ืžื›ืš ืฉื’ื™ืœ ื”ืžืขื‘ืจ
02:04
is about getting old,
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ื”ื•ื ื”ื–ื“ืงื ื•ืช,
02:06
something no one wants
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ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืœื ืจื•ืฆื”
02:07
to be reminded of.
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ืฉื™ื–ื›ืจื• ื‘ื•.
02:09
Here is Dr Arif explaining
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ื”ื ื” ื“"ืจ ืขืจื™ืฃ ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ
02:11
more to BBC World Service
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ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช BBC World Service
02:12
programme, The Conversation:
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, The Conversation:
02:16
Historically, particularly when
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ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ืช, ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื›ืฉื–ื”
02:17
it comes to women, the older you
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ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื ืฉื™ื, ื›ื›ืœ ืฉืืชื” ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจ ืืชื” ืขื›ืฉื™ื•
02:19
are you're surplus to excess
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ืขื•ื“ืฃ ืขื“ ืžื•ื’ื–ื
02:20
now, that's it, you've done
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, ื–ื”ื•, ืขืฉื™ืชื ืืช
02:21
your dues, you've had your
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ื—ื•ื‘ื•ืชื™ื›ื, ื”ื™ื” ืœื›ื
02:22
children, your use isn't
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ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉืœืš, ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืฉืœืš ืœื
02:24
needed anymore in society - but
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ื ื—ื•ืฅ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื” - ืื‘ืœ
02:26
actually women are not like
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ืœืžืขืฉื” ื ืฉื™ื ืื™ื ืŸ ื›ืืœื”
02:28
that at all, women are far
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ื‘ื›ืœืœ, ื ืฉื™ื ื”ื•ืคื›ื•ืช ื”ืจื‘ื”
02:29
more becoming productive in
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ื™ื•ืชืจ ืคืจื•ื“ื•ืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช
02:31
the career and workspace and
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ื‘ืงืจื™ื™ืจื” ื•ื‘ืžืจื—ื‘ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื•ื”ืŸ
02:33
they are the caregivers,
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ื”ืžื˜ืคืœื•ืช,
02:35
sometimes they are actually
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ืœืคืขืžื™ื ื”ืŸ ืœืžืขืฉื”
02:36
the financial providers
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ื”ืกืคืงื™ื•ืช ื”ืคื™ื ื ืกื™ื•ืช
02:38
in their home setting as well.
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ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืœื”ืŸ ื’ื ื”ื’ื“ืจื”.
02:40
In many cultures, the traditional
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ื‘ืชืจื‘ื•ื™ื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช,
02:42
role of women is to have
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ื”ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื”ืžืกื•ืจืชื™ ืฉืœ ื ืฉื™ื ื”ื•ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ื
02:44
children. Dr Arif says that
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ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืœืขื•ืœื. ื“"ืจ ืขืจื™ืฃ ืื•ืžืจ ื›ื™
02:46
after doing this, women may
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ืœืื—ืจ ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื–ื”, ื ืฉื™ื ืขืฉื•ื™ื•ืช
02:47
be considered to have
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ืœื”ื™ื—ืฉื‘ ื›ืžื™
02:48
done - or paid - their dues - an
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ืฉืขืฉื• - ืื• ืฉื™ืœืžื• - ืืช ื—ื•ื‘ื•ืชื™ื”ืŸ -
02:51
expression meaning to do
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ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ืฉืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช
02:52
everything you are expected
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ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืžืฆืคื™ื ืžืžืš
02:53
to do, or to have done your duty.
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ืœืขืฉื•ืช, ืื• ืฉืžื™ืœืื• ืืช ื—ื•ื‘ืชืš.
02:57
After raising children, women
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ืœืื—ืจ ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ื™ืœื“ื™ื, ื ืฉื™ื
02:58
are sometimes thought to be
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ื ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ื›ืขื•ื“ืคื•ืช ืœืขื•ื“ืฃ
03:00
surplus to excess, something
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, ื“ื‘ืจ
03:02
which is more than needed, or
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ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื”ื“ืจื•ืฉ, ืื•
03:04
in other words, surplus to
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ื‘ืžื™ืœื™ื ืื—ืจื•ืช, ืขื•ื“ืฃ
03:06
requirements - a phrase
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ืœื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช - ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™
03:08
meaning 'no longer required'.
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ืฉืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื• 'ืœื ื ื“ืจืฉ ืขื•ื“'.
03:11
Of course, this isn't true
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ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ื–ื” ืœื ื ื›ื•ืŸ
03:12
for all women everywhere,
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ืœื›ืœ ื”ื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื,
03:13
but it is surprising how
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืžืคืชื™ืข ืขื“ ื›ืžื” ื—ื•ื•ื™ืช ื”ื”ืชื‘ื’ืจื•ืช
03:15
unequal men and women's
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ืฉืœ ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ื ืฉื™ื
03:17
experience of getting older
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03:18
can be. Barbara Hannah
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ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœื ืฉื•ื•ื™ื•ื ื™ืช. ื‘ืจื‘ืจื” ื”ืื ื”
03:20
Grufferman, is an American
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ื’ืจื•ืคืจืžืŸ, ื”ื™ื
03:22
writer who publishes a regular
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ืกื•ืคืจืช ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ืช ื”ืžืคืจืกืžืช
03:24
newsletter, 'The Menopause
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ื ื™ื•ื–ืœื˜ืจ ืงื‘ื•ืข, 'The Menopause
03:26
Cheat Sheet', which focuses
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Cheat Sheet', ื”ืžืชืžืงื“
03:28
on healthy ageing.
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ื‘ื”ื–ื“ืงื ื•ืช ื‘ืจื™ืื”.
03:29
Here she is speaking with BBC
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ื›ืืŸ ื”ื™ื ืžื“ื‘ืจืช ืขื
03:31
World Service Programme,
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ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ ืฉืœ BBC,
03:32
The Conversation:
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The Conversation:
03:34
One of the biggest
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ืื—ื“ ื”ืกื™ื‘ื•ื›ื™ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ
03:35
complications, I think, is ageism.
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, ืœื“ืขืชื™, ื”ื•ื ื’ื™ืœื™ื–ื.
03:37
So, if women are entering that
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ืื–, ืื ื ืฉื™ื ื ื›ื ืกื•ืช
03:39
age range, 45 and over,
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ืœื˜ื•ื•ื— ื”ื’ื™ืœืื™ื ื”ื–ื”, 45 ื•ืžืขืœื”,
03:42
they're already possibly
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ืื•ืœื™ ื”ืŸ ื›ื‘ืจ
03:44
feeling the effects of ageism,
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ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ืืช ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช ื”ื’ื™ืœ,
03:46
you know, pointing in their
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ืืชื” ื™ื•ื“ืข, ืžืฆื‘ื™ืขื•ืช
03:48
direction. And then when
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ืœื›ื™ื•ื•ื ืŸ. ื•ืื– ื›ืฉื”ื
03:49
they add on this layer of
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ืžื•ืกื™ืคื™ื ืืช ื”ืฉื›ื‘ื” ื”ื–ื• ืฉืœ
03:51
having these physical symptoms
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ื”ืกื™ืžืคื˜ื•ืžื™ื ื”ื’ื•ืคื ื™ื™ื ื”ืืœื”
03:54
that can impact how they're
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ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ืื•ืคืŸ
03:56
functioning at work and even
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ื”ืชืคืงื•ื“ ืฉืœื”ื ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื•ืืคื™ืœื•
03:59
at home - it's a double whammy.
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ื‘ื‘ื™ืช - ื–ื• ื”ืจืก ื›ืคื•ืœ.
04:02
For Barbara Hannah Grufferman,
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ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ืจื‘ืจื” ื”ืื ื” ื’ืจื•ืคืจืžืŸ,
04:04
one of the biggest barriers
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ืื—ื“ ื”ืžื—ืกื•ืžื™ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืขื•ืžื“ื•ืช ื‘ืคื ื™
04:05
women face is ageism - the
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ื ืฉื™ื ื”ื•ื ื’ื™ืœื™ื–ื -
04:07
unfair treatment of older
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ื™ื—ืก ืœื ื”ื•ื’ืŸ ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื
04:09
people because of their age.
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื’ื™ืœื.
04:12
Just as racism and sexism
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ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื›ืคื™ ืฉื’ื–ืขื ื•ืช ื•ืกืงืกื™ื–ื
04:14
discriminate against people
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ืžืคืœื™ื ืื ืฉื™ื
04:15
because of their race or
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ื’ื–ืข ืื•
04:17
gender, ageism values older
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ื”ืžื’ื“ืจ ืฉืœื”ื, ื’ื™ืœืื™ื™ื–ื ืžืขืจื™ืš
04:20
people less than the young.
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ืื ืฉื™ื ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื ืคื—ื•ืช ืžื”ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื.
04:22
As we mentioned before, the
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ื›ืคื™ ืฉืฆื™ื™ื ื• ืงื•ื“ื,
04:24
menopause brings physical
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ื’ื™ืœ ื”ืžืขื‘ืจ ืžื‘ื™ื
04:25
signs such as hot flushes
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ืœืกื™ืžื ื™ื ื’ื•ืคื ื™ื™ื ื›ืžื• ื’ืœื™ ื—ื•ื
04:27
or night sweats. These
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ืื• ื”ื–ืขื•ืช ืœื™ืœื”.
04:29
signs are known as symptoms -
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ืกื™ืžื ื™ื ืืœื• ื™ื“ื•ืขื™ื ื›ืกื™ืžืคื˜ื•ืžื™ื -
04:31
things wrong with your body
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ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืœื ื‘ืกื“ืจ ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ
04:32
or mind that are signs of
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ืื• ื‘ื ืคืฉ ืฉืœืš ืฉื”ื ืกื™ืžื ื™ื
04:34
some illness or bodily process.
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ืœืžื—ืœื” ืื• ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื’ื•ืคื ื™ ื›ืœืฉื”ื•.
04:37
So menopausal women suffer
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ืื– ื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื’ื™ืœ ื”ืžืขื‘ืจ ืกื•ื‘ืœื•ืช
04:40
physical symptoms, as well
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ืžืชืกืžื™ื ื™ื ื’ื•ืคื ื™ื™ื, ื›ืžื•
04:41
as possibly dealing with
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ื’ื ืžืชืžื•ื“ื“ื•ืช ืื•ืœื™ ืขื
04:43
discrimination based on
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ืืคืœื™ื” ืขืœ ื‘ืกื™ืก
04:44
their age. Barbara Hannah
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ื’ื™ืœืŸ. ื‘ืจื‘ืจื” ื”ืื ื”
04:46
Grufferman calls this a double
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ื’ืจื•ืคืจืžืŸ ืงื•ืจืืช ืœื–ื” ื›ืคื•ืœื”
04:48
whammy - an informal way
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- ื“ืจืš ืœื ืจืฉืžื™ืช
04:50
to describe a situation where
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ืœืชืืจ ืžืฆื‘ ืฉื‘ื•
04:52
two unpleasant things happen
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ืงื•ืจื™ื ืฉื ื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืœื ื ืขื™ืžื™ื
04:54
at the same time.
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ื‘ื• ื–ืžื ื™ืช.
04:56
The menopause can be a
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ื’ื™ืœ ื”ืžืขื‘ืจ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช
04:57
difficult time in a woman's life.
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ืชืงื•ืคื” ืงืฉื” ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื” ืฉืœ ืื™ืฉื”.
04:59
But with age comes wisdom and
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ืื‘ืœ ืขื ื”ื’ื™ืœ ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ื—ื•ื›ืžื” ื•ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ
05:01
experience and in more and
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ื•ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ
05:03
more societies around the
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ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื
05:04
world the menopause is
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05:06
being talked about more openly.
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ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื’ื™ืœ ื”ืžืขื‘ืจ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื’ืœื•ื™ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ. ืื ื›ื‘ืจ
05:09
Speaking of which, what
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ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื–ื”, ืžื”
05:10
was the answer to
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”
05:11
your question, Sam?
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ืœืฉืืœืชืš, ืกื?
05:13
In my quiz question I
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ื‘ืฉืืœืช ื”ื—ื™ื“ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื™
05:14
asked about the average
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ืฉืืœืชื™ ืœื’ื‘ื™
05:16
age for British women
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ื”ื’ื™ืœ ื”ืžืžื•ืฆืข ืฉืœ ื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื™ื•ืช
05:17
to reach menopause.
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ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื’ื™ืœ ื”ืžืขื‘ืจ.
05:19
I said it was c) 51.
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ืืžืจืชื™ ืฉื–ื” ื’) 51.
05:22
Which was... the correct
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ืฉื–ื• ื”ื™ื™ืชื”...
05:24
answer! Although for some
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ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื”! ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉืืฆืœ ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื ืฉื™ื
05:25
women menopause can start
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ื’ื™ืœ ื”ืžืขื‘ืจ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ
05:27
as early as in their 40s.
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ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ืฉื ื•ืช ื”-40 ืœื—ื™ื™ื”ืŸ.
05:30
OK, let's recap the
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ืื•ืงื™ื™, ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืกื›ื ืืช ืื•ืฆืจ
05:32
vocabulary from this programme
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ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื ืžื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ื–ื•,
05:33
starting with taboo - something
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ื”ื—ืœ ื‘ื˜ืื‘ื• - ืžืฉื”ื•
05:35
which is forbidden for social
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ืฉืืกื•ืจ
05:37
or religious reasons.
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ืžืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื•ืช ืื• ื“ืชื™ื•ืช.
05:39
To pay your dues means
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ืœืฉืœื ืืช ื—ื•ื‘ื•ืชื™ืš ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื•
05:41
to do your duty.
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ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื—ื•ื‘ืชืš.
05:43
Surplus to requirements
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ืขื•ื“ืฃ ืœื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช
05:44
means to be no longer needed.
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ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื• ืฉืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืจืš ื™ื•ืชืจ.
05:47
Ageism is the unfair treatment
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ื’ื™ืœื™ื–ื ื”ื•ื ื™ื—ืก ืœื ื”ื•ื’ืŸ
05:49
of older people because
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ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื
05:50
of their age.
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื’ื™ืœื.
05:51
Symptom is a sign of illness.
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ืกื™ืžืคื˜ื•ื ื”ื•ื ืกื™ืžืŸ ืœืžื—ืœื”.
05:54
And finally, a double whammy
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ื•ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ, ื“ืื’ื” ื›ืคื•ืœื”
05:56
is a situation where two
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ื”ื™ื ืžืฆื‘ ืฉื‘ื•
05:57
unpleasant things happen at once.
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ืงื•ืจื™ื ืฉื ื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืœื ื ืขื™ืžื™ื ื‘ื‘ืช ืื—ืช.
06:00
That's all from us, but we
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ื–ื” ื”ื›ืœ ืžืื™ืชื ื•, ืื‘ืœ ืื ื—ื ื•
06:01
hope to see you again soon.
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ืžืงื•ื•ื™ื ืœืจืื•ืชืš ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืงืจื•ื‘.
06:03
Bye for now!
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ืœื”ืชืจืื•ืช ื‘ื™ื ืชื™ื™ื!
06:04
Goodbye!
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ื”ึฑื™ื” ืฉืœื•ื!
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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