Is 'ough' the Trickiest Sound in English? | English Spelling & Prounciation Lesson

29,662 views ใƒป 2021-09-20

BBC Learning English


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ. ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืžืชื•ืจื’ืžื•ืช ืžืชื•ืจื’ืžื•ืช ื‘ืžื›ื•ื ื”.

00:07
Hi. Look, I'm really sorry about this, but as you probably know,
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ื”ื™ื™. ืชืจืื”, ืื ื™ ืžืžืฉ ืžืฆื˜ืขืจ ืขืœ ื–ื”, ืื‘ืœ ื›ืคื™ ืฉืืชื” ื‘ื•ื•ื“ืื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข,
00:12
the way we spell things in English is not always the way we say them.
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ื”ื“ืจืš ื‘ื” ืื ื• ืžืื™ื™ืชื™ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ื™ื ืœื ืชืžื™ื“ ื”ื“ืจืš ื‘ื” ืื ื• ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืื•ืชื.
00:19
Take these four letters, for example, o u g h.
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ืงื— ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื ืืช ืืจื‘ืข ื”ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• , o u g h.
00:25
How do we pronounce them? Well, it all depends.
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ืื™ืš ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื‘ื˜ืื™ื ืื•ืชื? ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื”ื›ืœ ืชืœื•ื™.
00:29
Put a 't' at the end and we have'ought'.
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ืฉื™ื 't' ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• 'ืฆืจื™ืš'.
00:33
So, o u g h is pronounced [aw]
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ืื–, o u g h ืžื‘ื•ื˜ื [aw]
00:37
But put a 't' at the beginning and it's 'tough'.
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ืื‘ืœ ืฉื™ื 't' ื‘ื”ืชื—ืœื” ื•ื–ื” 'ืงืฉื”'.
00:41
o u g h is now pronounced [uff].
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืžื‘ื˜ืื™ื o u g h [uff].
00:47
So far so bad!
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ืขื“ ื›ืืŸ ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืจืข!
00:48
But now let's add one more letter to make 'though'.
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ืื‘ืœ ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื‘ื•ืื• ื ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืขื•ื“ ืื•ืช ืื—ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช 'ืื ื›ื™'.
00:51
o u g h is [o]
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o u g h ื”ื•ื [o]
00:55
Again, one more letter, r, makes 'through'.
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ืฉื•ื‘, ืขื•ื“ ืื•ืช ืื—ืช, r, ืขื•ืฉื” 'ื“ืจืš'.
01:01
o u g h is [ew]
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o u g h is [ew]
01:04
Can we keep going?
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ื”ืื ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš?
01:05
Yes we can.
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ื›ืŸ ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื.
01:06
ย  Let's add another letter, o, we have thorough.
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ื‘ื•ื ื ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืขื•ื“ ืื•ืช, ื”ื•, ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื™ืกื•ื“ื™.
01:12
o u g h is now [u].
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o u g h ื”ื•ื ื›ืขืช [u].
01:16
ย  OK, add one more letter and,
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ื‘ืกื“ืจ, ื”ื•ืกืฃ ืขื•ื“ ืื•ืช ืื—ืช
01:19
actually that's it. We can't extend any further with just one letter.
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ื•ื‘ืขืฆื ื–ื”ื•. ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืจื—ื™ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขื ืžื›ืชื‘ ืื—ื“ ื‘ืœื‘ื“.
01:24
But you see the point,
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ืื‘ืœ ืืชื” ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ื ืงื•ื“ื”,
01:25
ย  the same letters pronounced five different ways.
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ืื•ืชืŸ ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ืžื‘ื•ื˜ืื•ืช ื‘ื—ืžืฉ ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื•ืช.
01:30
Five!
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ื—ึธืžึตืฉื!
01:31
ย  You know that's not the end of it.
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ืืชื” ื™ื•ื“ืข ืฉื–ื” ืœื ื”ืกื•ืฃ.
01:34
Depending on what part of the English speaking world you come from,
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ืชืœื•ื™ ืžืื™ื–ื” ื—ืœืง ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื”ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืืชื” ื‘ื,
01:37
there are around 11 different ways of pronouncing o u g h.
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ื™ืฉ ื‘ืขืจืš 11 ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืœื‘ื˜ื o u g h.
01:43
Eleven!
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ืื—ื“ ืขืฉืจ!
01:45
Why is this?
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ืœืžื” ื–ื”?
01:46
Well, a long time ago, the way we spelt things wasn't really fixed.
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืœืคื ื™ ื–ืžืŸ ืจื‘, ื”ื“ืจืš ืฉื‘ื” ืื™ื™ืชื ื• ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืœื ืžืžืฉ ืชื•ืงื ื”.
01:52
So people wrote things down the way they thought they sounded.
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ืื– ืื ืฉื™ื ืจืฉืžื• ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ื ื—ืฉื‘ื• ืฉื”ื ื ืฉืžืขื™ื.
01:56
Gradually over time, the spellings became fixed,
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ื‘ื”ื“ืจื’ื” ืขื ื”ื–ืžืŸ, ื”ืื™ื•ืชื™ื ื”ืชืงื‘ืขื•,
02:00
particularly after the printing press was invented in the 15th century.
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ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืžืฆืืช ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื“ืคื•ืก ื‘ืžืื” ื”-15.
02:05
Unfortunately, although spellings were fixed,
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ืœืจื•ืข ื”ืžื–ืœ, ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉืื™ื•ืชื™ื ืชื•ืงื ื•,
02:09
something called The Great Vowel Shift was happening.
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ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื ืงืจื The Great Vowel Shift ื”ืชืจื—ืฉ.
02:13
This was a period of about two hundred years
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ื–ื• ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืชืงื•ืคื” ืฉืœ ื›ืžืืชื™ื™ื ืฉื ื”
02:15
when for a number of reasons, the way we pronounced vowels in English
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ืฉื‘ื” ืžื›ืžื” ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช, ื”ื“ืจืš ืฉื‘ื” ื‘ื™ื˜ืื ื• ืชื ื•ืขื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช
02:19
completely changed.
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ื”ืฉืชื ืชื” ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ.
02:21
I know, crazy, huh?
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ืื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข, ืžืฉื•ื’ืข, ื”ื?
02:24
ย  So how does this help us today?
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ืื– ืื™ืš ื–ื” ืขื•ื–ืจ ืœื ื• ื”ื™ื•ื?
02:29
Well, to be honest, not at all.
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืืžืช, ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืœื.
02:33
But don't panic.
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ืื‘ืœ ืืœ ืชื™ื‘ื”ืœ.
02:35
There aren't actually that many o u g h words anyway,
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ืžืžื™ืœื ืื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื™ืœื™ื,
02:39
and most of those are quite common. So you may already know them.
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ื•ืจื•ื‘ืŸ ื ืคื•ืฆื•ืช ืœืžื“ื™. ืื– ืื•ืœื™ ืืชื” ื›ื‘ืจ ืžื›ื™ืจ ืื•ืชื.
02:44
Are there any rules if you come across a word you don't know?
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ื”ืื ื™ืฉ ื›ืœืœื™ื ืื ืืชื” ื ืชืงืœ ื‘ืžื™ืœื” ืฉืื™ื ืš ื™ื•ื“ืข?
02:50
Well, some guidelines, but not really rules.
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื›ืžื” ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช, ืื‘ืœ ืœื ืžืžืฉ ื›ืœืœื™ื.
02:54
If a word ends in o u g h t then it is more than likely pronounced [awt]:
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ืื ืžื™ืœื” ืžืกืชื™ื™ืžืช ื‘-o u g h t, ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ืœื”ื ื™ื— ืฉื”ื™ื ืžื‘ื˜ืืช [awt]:
03:01
thought, bought, brought, fought, ought, nought, sought.
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ื—ืฉื‘, ืงื ื”, ื”ื‘ื™ื, ื ืœื—ื, ought, nought, sought.
03:10
If it's two syllables and ends in o u g h,
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ืื ื–ื” ืฉืชื™ ื”ื‘ืจื•ืช ื•ืžืกืชื™ื™ื ื‘-o u g h,
03:14
it's probably [u]: thorough, borough.
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ื–ื” ื›ื ืจืื” [u]: ื™ืกื•ื“ื™, ืจื•ื‘ืข.
03:20
Other than that, the best way of finding out the pronunciation
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ืžืœื‘ื“ ื–ืืช, ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื’ืœื•ืช ืืช ื”ื”ื’ื™ื™ื”
03:24
is to use a dictionary because with 11 different possibilities,
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ื”ื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืžื™ืœื•ืŸ ื›ื™ ืขื 11 ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช,
03:28
you might guess the right one, but the odds are not great.
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ืืชื” ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœื ื—ืฉ ืžื”ื™ ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ, ืื‘ืœ ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ื™ื ืื™ื ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื.
03:33
For example, and this is completely true, when researching this topic,
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ืœืžืฉืœ, ื•ื–ื” ืœื’ืžืจื™ ื ื›ื•ืŸ, ื›ืฉื—ืงืจืชื™ ืืช ื”ื ื•ืฉื ื”ื–ื”,
03:38
I came across an English word I hadn't seen before. S o u g h.
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ื ืชืงืœืชื™ ื‘ืžื™ืœื” ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืฉืœื ืจืื™ืชื™ ืงื•ื“ื. S o u g h.
03:47
It's a verb which means to make a soft whistling sound
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ื–ื” ืคื•ืขืœ ืฉืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื• ืœื”ืฉืžื™ืข ืฆืœื™ืœ ืฉืจื™ืงื•ืช ืจืš
03:51
like the wind blowing through the trees.
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ื›ืžื• ื”ืจื•ื— ื”ื ื•ืฉื‘ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืขืฆื™ื.
03:57
I said a soft whistling sound!
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ืืžืจืชื™ ืฆืœื™ืœ ืฉืจื™ืงื” ืจืš!
04:03
That's better.
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ื–ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื˜ื•ื‘.
04:06
ย  But how to pronounce it?
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ืื‘ืœ ืื™ืš ืžื‘ื˜ืื™ื ืืช ื–ื”?
04:08
Was it sough like dough, sough like cough, sough like rough,
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ื”ืื ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืฆื—ื™ื—ื” ื›ืžื• ื‘ืฆืง, ืฆื—ื™ื—ื” ื›ืžื• ืฉื™ืขื•ืœ, ืฆื—ื™ื—ื” ื›ืžื• ื‘ืฆืง, ืฆื—ื™ื—ื”
04:16
sough like plough, sough like through, sough like hiccough?
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ื›ืžื• ืžื—ืจืฉื”, ืฆื—ื™ื—ื” ื›ืžื• ืฉื™ืขื•ืœ, ืฆื—ื™ื—ื” ื›ืžื• ืฉื™ื”ื•ืง?
04:24
I guessed sough like cough.
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ื ื™ื—ืฉืชื™ ืฉืฆื—ืงื” ื›ืžื• ืฉื™ืขื•ืœ.
04:27
Was it a good guess?
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ื”ืื ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื ื™ื—ื•ืฉ ื˜ื•ื‘?
04:29
Nope!
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ืœื!
04:30
Annoyingly it can actually be pronounced two different ways,
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ืœืžืจื‘ื” ื”ืฆืขืจ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื‘ื˜ื ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ืฉืชื™ ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื•ืช,
04:35
but neither of them the way I guessed.
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ืื‘ืœ ืืฃ ืื—ืช ืžื”ืŸ ืœื ื›ืžื• ืฉื ื™ื—ืฉืชื™.
04:38
If you want to know the correct way, you'll have to do what I did.
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ืื ืืชื” ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื“ืขืช ืืช ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื”, ืชืฆื˜ืจืš ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžื” ืฉืขืฉื™ืชื™.
04:42
Look it up. It's the best way. Bye.
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ื—ืคืฉ ืืช ื–ื”. ื–ื• ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื‘ื™ื™.
04:48
You didn't really think I'd go without telling you.
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ืœื ื‘ืืžืช ื—ืฉื‘ืช ืฉืื ื™ ืืœืš ื‘ืœื™ ืœืกืคืจ ืœืš.
04:51
If you've stayed this long. I think you deserve the answer.
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ืื ื ืฉืืจืช ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ื–ืžืŸ. ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืžื’ื™ืข ืœืš ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”.
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It's sough like plough or even sough like rough.
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ื–ื” ืฆื•ืคืฉ ื›ืžื• ืžื—ืจืฉื” ืื• ืืคื™ืœื• ืฆื•ืคืฉ ื›ืžื• ืžื—ื•ืกืคืก.
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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