Making sense of the census - 6 Minute English

67,613 views ใƒป 2021-08-26

BBC Learning English


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ. ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืžืชื•ืจื’ืžื•ืช ืžืชื•ืจื’ืžื•ืช ื‘ืžื›ื•ื ื”.

00:00
Hi! Neil from BBC Learning
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ื”ื™ื™! ื ื™ืœ ืž-BBC ืœื•ืžื“
00:02
English here.
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ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื›ืืŸ.
00:03
Did you know that we are
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ื”ื™ื“ืขืชื ืฉืื ื—ื ื•
00:04
now offering
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ืžืฆื™ืขื™ื ื›ืขืช
00:05
a new weekly extra episode
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ืคืจืง ื ื•ืกืฃ ืฉื‘ื•ืขื™ ื—ื“ืฉ
00:08
of 6 Minute English exclusively
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ืฉืœ 6 ื“ืงื•ืช ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื‘ืœืขื“ื™ืช
00:10
on our website? So go to
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ื‘ืืชืจ ืฉืœื ื•? ืื– ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืืœ
00:12
bbclearninenglish.com to find your
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bbclearninenglish.com ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžืฆื•ื ืืช
00:15
favourite presenters on
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ื”ืžื’ื™ืฉื™ื ื”ืื”ื•ื‘ื™ื ืขืœื™ืš
00:16
your favourite programme.
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ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืื”ื•ื‘ื” ืขืœื™ืš.
00:18
The extra episodes are only
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ื”ืคืจืงื™ื ื”ื ื•ืกืคื™ื
00:20
available on our website:
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ื–ืžื™ื ื™ื ืจืง ื‘ืืชืจ ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ืฉืœื ื•:
00:21
bbclearningenglish.com.
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bbclearningenglish.com.
00:23
See you there!
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ื ืชืจืื” ืฉื!
00:33
Hello. This is 6 Minute English
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ืฉืœื•ื. ื–ื•ื”ื™ 6 ื“ืงื•ืช ืื ื’ืœื™ืช
00:34
from BBC Learning English. Iโ€™m Neil.
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ืžื‘ื™ืช BBC Learning English. ืื ื™ ื ื™ืœ.
00:37
And Iโ€™m Sam.
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ื•ืื ื™ ืกื.
00:38
In recent years, many people have
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ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช ืื ืฉื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื
00:40
wanted to find out more about where
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ืจืฆื• ืœื‘ืจืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื”ื™ื›ืŸ
00:42
they come from. Millions have tried
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ื”ื ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื. ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ื ื ื™ืกื•
00:44
to trace their family history and
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ืœื”ืชื—ืงื•ืช ืื—ืจ ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื”ืžืฉืคื—ืชื™ืช ืฉืœื”ื ื•ืœื’ืœื•ืช
00:46
discover how their ancestors
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ื›ื™ืฆื“
00:48
lived hundreds of years ago.
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ื—ื™ื• ืื‘ื•ืชื™ื”ื ืœืคื ื™ ืžืื•ืช ืฉื ื™ื.
00:50
The internet has made it much
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ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ืขืฉื” ืืช ื–ื” ื”ืจื‘ื”
00:52
easier to find historical
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ื™ื•ืชืจ ืงืœ ืœืžืฆื•ื
00:53
documents and records about
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ืžืกืžื›ื™ื ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื™ื ื•ืจืฉื•ืžื•ืช ืขืœ
00:55
your family history - and one
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ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื”ืžืฉืคื—ืชื™ืช ืฉืœืš - ื•ืื—ื“
00:57
of the most useful documents
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ื”ืžืกืžื›ื™ื ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ
00:59
for doing this is the census.
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ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช ื”ื•ื ืžืคืงื“ ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ืŸ.
01:02
A census is an official count of
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ืžืคืงื“ ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืกืคื™ืจื” ืจืฉืžื™ืช ืฉืœ
01:04
all the people living in a country.
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ื›ืœ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื”.
01:06
It collects information about a
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ื–ื” ืื•ืกืฃ ืžื™ื“ืข ืขืœ
01:08
countryโ€™s population and is usually
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ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ืช ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื•ืžืชื‘ืฆืข ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ
01:10
carried out by the government.
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ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื”.
01:12
In Britain, a census has been
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ื‘ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื” ื ืขืจืš ืžืคืงื“ ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ืŸ
01:14
carried out every ten years since 1801.
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ื›ืœ ืขืฉืจ ืฉื ื™ื ืžืื– 1801.
01:18
In 2002, when census records from a
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ื‘ืฉื ืช 2002, ื›ืืฉืจ ืจืฉื•ืžื•ืช ืžืคืงื“ ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ืŸ
01:21
hundred years before became available
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ืžืžืื” ืฉื ื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืŸ ื”ืคื›ื• ืœื–ืžื™ื ื™ื
01:23
online, so many people rushed to
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ื‘ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜, ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ืื ืฉื™ื ืžื™ื”ืจื•
01:26
their computers to access them
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ืœืžื—ืฉื‘ื™ื”ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื’ืฉืช ืืœื™ื”ื
01:28
that the website crashed!
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ืขื“ ืฉื”ืืชืจ ืงืจืก!
01:30
But before we find out more about
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ืื‘ืœ ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื ื’ืœื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ
01:32
the census and its related vocabulary
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ืžืคืงื“ ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ืŸ ื•ืื•ืฆืจ ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื ื”ืงืฉื•ืจ ืืœื™ื•
01:34
itโ€™s time for a quiz question, Sam.
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ื”ื’ื™ืข ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืœืฉืืœืช ื—ื™ื“ื•ืŸ, ืกื.
01:37
Someone who knows a lot about his
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ืžื™ ืฉื™ื•ื“ืข ื”ืจื‘ื” ืขืœ
01:39
family history is British actor,
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ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื”ืžืฉืคื—ืชื™ืช ืฉืœื• ื”ื•ื ื”ืฉื—ืงืŸ ื”ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื™,
01:41
Danny Dyer. When BBC television
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ื“ื ื™ ื“ื™ื™ืจ. ื›ืืฉืจ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ื˜ืœื•ื•ื™ื–ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”-BBC
01:44
programme Who Do You Think You Are?
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ืžื™ ืืชื” ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืืชื”?
01:46
researched his family history they
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ื—ืงืจื• ืืช ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื”ืžืฉืคื—ืชื™ืช ืฉืœื• ื”ื
01:48
discovered that the actor was
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ื’ื™ืœื• ืฉื”ืฉื—ืงืŸ
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related to someone very
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ืงืฉื•ืจ ืœืžื™ืฉื”ื•
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famous โ€“ but who was it?
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ืžืคื•ืจืกื ืžืื•ื“ - ืื‘ืœ ืžื™ ื–ื” ื”ื™ื”?
01:53
A) King Edward III,
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ื) ื”ืžืœืš ืื“ื•ืืจื“ ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™,
01:55
B) William Shakespeare, or
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ื‘) ื•ื•ื™ืœื™ืื ืฉื™ื™ืงืกืคื™ืจ, ืื•
01:57
C) Winston Churchill
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ื’) ื•ื•ื™ื ืกื˜ื•ืŸ ืฆ'ืจืฆ'ื™ืœ
01:59
Well, I know Danny Dyer usually
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข ืฉื“ื ื™ ื“ื™ื™ืจ ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ
02:02
plays tough-guy characters so
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ืžื’ืœื ื“ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ื—ื•ืจื™ื ืงืฉื•ื—ื™ื ืื–
02:04
maybe itโ€™s C), war hero
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ืื•ืœื™ ื–ื” ื’'), ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืžืœื—ืžื”
02:06
Winston Churchill.
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ื•ื™ื ืกื˜ื•ืŸ ืฆ'ืจืฆ'ื™ืœ.
02:08
OK, Sam, weโ€™ll find out later
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ื‘ืกื“ืจ, ืกืื, ื ื’ืœื” ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ
02:10
if thatโ€™s correct. Now, although
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ืื ื–ื” ื ื›ื•ืŸ. ื›ืขืช, ืœืžืจื•ืช
02:12
the first British census took
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ืฉื”ืžืคืงื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื™ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ
02:14
place in 1801, other censuses
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ื”ืชืงื™ื™ื ื‘-1801, ืœืžืคืงื“ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื
02:16
have a much longer history. In fact,
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ื™ืฉ ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืืจื•ื›ื” ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื”. ืœืžืขืฉื”,
02:19
the bible story of Mary and Joseph
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ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ืชื "ืš ืขืœ ื ืกื™ืขื” ืฉืœ ืžืจื™ื ื•ื™ื•ืกืฃ
02:22
travelling to Bethlehem is
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ืœื‘ื™ืช ืœื—ื
02:23
linked to a Roman census.
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ืงืฉื•ืจ ืœืžืคืงื“ ืจื•ืžื™.
02:26
So, what was the original reason
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ืื– ืžื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ื”ืžืงื•ืจื™ืช
02:28
for counting people and what did
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ืœืกืคื™ืจืช ืื ืฉื™ื ื•ืžื”
02:30
governments hope to achieve by
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ืงื™ื•ื• ื”ืžืžืฉืœื•ืช ืœื”ืฉื™ื’
02:32
doing so? Hereโ€™s Dr Kathrin Levitan,
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ื‘ื›ืš? ื”ื ื” ื“"ืจ ืงืชืจื™ืŸ ืœื•ื™ืชืŸ,
02:36
author of a book on the cultural
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ืžื—ื‘ืจืช ืกืคืจ ืขืœ
02:37
history of the census, speaking to
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ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืชื™ืช ืฉืœ ืžืคืงื“ ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ืŸ, ืžื“ื‘ืจืช ืขื
02:40
BBC World Service programme,
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ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืฉืœ BBC World Service,
02:41
The Forum:
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The Forum:
02:44
I think there were probably two
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื”ื™ื• ื›ื ืจืื” ืฉืชื™
02:45
most common reasons. One was in order
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ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ื ืคื•ืฆื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื”ืื—ื“ ื”ื™ื” ืขืœ ืžื ืช
02:48
to figure out who could fight in wars,
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ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ืœื—ื ื‘ืžืœื—ืžื•ืช,
02:50
so basically military conscription
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ืื– ื‘ืขืฆื ื’ื™ื•ืก ืฆื‘ืื™
02:52
and in order to find out who could
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ื•ื›ื“ื™ ืœื’ืœื•ืช ืžื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ
02:54
fight in wars ancient governments like
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ืœื”ื™ืœื—ื ื‘ืžืœื—ืžื•ืช ืžืžืฉืœื•ืช ืขืชื™ืงื•ืช ื›ืžื•
02:56
the Roman Empire had to find out
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ื”ืื™ืžืคืจื™ื” ื”ืจื•ืžื™ืช ื”ื™ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื‘ืจืจ
02:58
how many men of a certain age
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ื›ืžื” ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ื’ื™ืœ ืžืกื•ื™ื
03:00
there were. And I would say that
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ื”ื™ื•. ื•ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืื•ืžืจ
03:02
the other thing that censuses were
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ืฉื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืฉื ื™ ืฉืžืคืงื“ื™ ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ืŸ
03:04
most commonly used for was
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ืฉื™ืžืฉื• ืœื• ื”ื›ื™ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื”ื™ื”
03:05
for purposes of taxation.
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ืœืฆื•ืจื›ื™ ืžื™ืกื•ื™.
03:08
According to Kathrin Levitan,
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ืœืคื™ ืงืชืจื™ืŸ ืœื•ื™ืชืŸ,
03:10
ancient censuses were used to
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ืžืคืงื“ื™ื ืขืชื™ืงื™ื ืฉื™ืžืฉื• ื›ื“ื™
03:12
figure out โ€“ or understand, how
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ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ - ืื• ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ,
03:14
many men were available
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ื›ืžื” ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื™ื• ื–ืžื™ื ื™ื
03:16
to fight wars.
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ืœื”ื™ืœื—ื ื‘ืžืœื—ืžื•ืช.
03:17
The Roman Empire needed a
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ื”ืื™ืžืคืจื™ื” ื”ืจื•ืžื™ืช ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื–ืงื•ืงื”
03:19
strong army, and this depended
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ืœืฆื‘ื ื—ื–ืง, ื•ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืชืœื•ื™
03:21
on conscription โ€“ forcing
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ื‘ื’ื™ื•ืก - ืื™ืœืฅ
03:23
people to become soldiers
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ืื ืฉื™ื ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืœื—ื™ื™ืœื™ื
03:25
and join the army.
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ื•ืœื”ืฆื˜ืจืฃ ืœืฆื‘ื.
03:26
The other main reason for
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ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ืช ื”ื ื•ืกืคืช
03:27
taking a census was taxation โ€“
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ืœืขืจื™ื›ืช ืžืคืงื“ ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืžื™ืกื•ื™ -
03:30
the system of taxing people a
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ืฉื™ื˜ืช ื”ืžื™ืกื•ื™ ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ืขืœ
03:32
certain amount of money to be
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ืกื›ื•ื ื›ืกืฃ ืžืกื•ื™ื
03:33
paid to the government
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ืฉื™ืฉื•ืœื ืœืžืžืฉืœื”
03:34
for public services.
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ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื™ื. ืžืคืงื“ื™ื
03:36
Ancient and early modern
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ืขืชื™ืงื™ื ื•ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื™ื ืžื•ืงื“ืžื™ื
03:38
censuses were large and
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ื”ื™ื• ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื•ืงืฉื™ื
03:39
difficult-to-organise projects.
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ืœืืจื’ื•ืŸ.
03:42
They often involved government
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ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื ื”ื™ื• ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื™ื
03:43
officials going from house
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ื‘ืคืงื™ื“ื™ ืžืžืฉืœ ืฉืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืžื‘ื™ืช
03:45
to house, asking questions
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ืœื‘ื™ืช, ื•ืฉืืœื• ืฉืืœื•ืช
03:47
about the people who lived there.
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ืขืœ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื—ื™ื• ืฉื.
03:49
But over time governmentsโ€™ desire
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ืื‘ืœ ืขื ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืžืžืฉืœื•ืช
03:52
to know about, and control, its
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ืœื“ืขืช ืขืœ ืื–ืจื—ื™ื” ื•ืœืฉืœื•ื˜ ื‘ื”ืŸ
03:53
citizens gave rise to new
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ื”ื•ืœื™ื“
03:55
technologies for counting people.
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ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืœืกืคื™ืจืช ืื ืฉื™ื.
03:57
Hereโ€™s statistician and economist
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ื”ื ื” ื”ืกื˜ื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ืงืื™ ื•ื”ื›ืœื›ืœืŸ
04:00
Andrew Whitby explaining how this
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ืื ื“ืจื• ื•ื™ื˜ื‘ื™ ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ืื™ืš ื–ื”
04:02
happened in the US to BBC World
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ืงืจื” ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘ ืœืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ ืฉืœ BBC
04:04
Service programme, The Forum:
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, The Forum:
04:07
The 1890 census of the United States
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ืžืคืงื“ ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ื‘-1890
04:09
was the first in which some kind of
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ื”ื™ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ื•
04:11
electro-mechanical process was used
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ื ืขืฉื” ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืืœืงื˜ืจื•-ืžื›ื ื™
04:13
to count peopleโ€ฆ so instead of just
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืกืคื•ืจ ืื ืฉื™ื... ืื– ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืจืง
04:15
armies of clerks reading off
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ืฆื‘ืื•ืช ืฉืœ ืคืงื™ื“ื™ื ืฉืงื•ืจืื™ื ืืช
04:17
census schedules and tabulating
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ืœื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื–ืžื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืคืงื“ ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ืŸ ื•ืžืฆื™ื’ื™ื ืืช
04:19
these things by hand, for the first
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ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื‘ื™ื“, ื‘ืคืขื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืชื™ืจืฉื
04:21
time an individual census record
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ืžืคืงื“ ืคืจื˜ื ื™
04:23
would be punched onto a cardโ€ฆ so
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ื‘ื›ืจื˜ื™ืก... ื›ืš
04:25
that there were holes in this card
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ืฉื”ื™ื• ื—ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื›ืจื˜ื™ืก ื”ื–ื”
04:26
representing different
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ื”ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ื™ื
04:27
characteristics of the person and
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ืžืืคื™ื™ื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื
04:28
then those cards could
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ื•ืื– ื ื™ืชืŸ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœืงืœื•ืข ืœื›ืจื˜ื™ืกื™ื ื”ืืœื”.
04:29
be fed through a machine.
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ืžื•ื–ื ื™ื ื“ืจืš ืžื›ื•ื ื”.
04:31
Old-fashioned censuses were
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ืžืคืงื“ื™ื ืžื™ื•ืฉื ื™ื
04:33
managed by clerks โ€“ office workers
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ื ื•ื”ืœื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืคืงื™ื“ื™ื - ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ืžืฉืจื“
04:35
whose job involved keeping records.
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ืฉืชืคืงื™ื“ื ื›ืœืœ ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืจื™ืฉื•ืžื™ื.
04:38
Thousands of clerks would record
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ืืœืคื™ ืคืงื™ื“ื™ื ื”ื™ื• ืžืชืขื“ื™ื
04:40
the information gathered in the
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ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืฉื ืืกืฃ
04:41
census and tabulate it, in other
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ื‘ืžืคืงื“ ื•ืžืฆื™ื’ื™ื ืื•ืชื• ื‘ื˜ื‘ืœืื•ืช, ื‘ืžื™ืœื™ื ืื—ืจื•ืช
04:44
words, show the information in
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, ืžืฆื™ื’ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข
04:46
the form of a table with
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ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ื˜ื‘ืœื” ืขื
04:48
rows and columns.
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ืฉื•ืจื•ืช ื•ืขืžื•ื“ื•ืช. ืžืคืงื“
04:50
The US census of 1890 was the
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ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ืŸ ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘ ืฉืœ 1890 ื”ื™ื”
04:53
first to use machines, and many
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ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืžื›ื•ื ื•ืช, ื•ืžืคืงื“ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื
04:55
censuses today are electronically
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ื›ื™ื•ื
04:57
updated to record new trends
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ืžืชืขื“ื›ื ื™ื ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ื ื™ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœืชืขื“ ืžื’ืžื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช
04:59
and shifts in populations
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ื•ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื•ืช
05:00
as they happen.
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ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื”ื ืžืชืจื—ืฉื™ื.
05:02
In fact, so much personal
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ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื”
05:04
information is now freely
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ืžื™ื“ืข ืื™ืฉื™ ื–ืžื™ืŸ ื›ืขืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื—ื•ืคืฉื™
05:06
available through social media
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ื“ืจืš ื”ืžื“ื™ื” ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช
05:07
and the internet that some
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ื•ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜, ืขื“ ืฉื—ืœืง ืžื”ืื ืฉื™ื
05:09
people have questioned the
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ื”ื˜ื™ืœื• ืกืคืง ื‘ืฆื•ืจืš
05:10
need for having a
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ื‘ืงื™ื•ื
05:11
census at all.
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ืžืคืงื“ ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ืŸ.
05:13
Yes, it isnโ€™t hard to find out
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ื›ืŸ, ื–ื” ืœื ืงืฉื” ืœื’ืœื•ืช
05:15
about someone famous,
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ืขืœ ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืžืคื•ืจืกื,
05:16
like a TV star.
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ื›ืžื• ื›ื•ื›ื‘ ื˜ืœื•ื•ื™ื–ื™ื”.
05:18
Someone like Danny Dyer, you mean?
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ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื›ืžื• ื“ื ื™ ื“ื™ื™ืจ, ืืชื” ืžืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ?
05:20
Right. In my quiz question I
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ื™ืžื™ืŸ. ื‘ืฉืืœืช ื”ื—ื™ื“ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื™
05:22
asked Sam which historical
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ืฉืืœืชื™ ืืช ืกื ืœืื™ื–ื•
05:24
figure TV actor, Danny Dyer,
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ื“ืžื•ืช ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ืช ืฉื—ืงืŸ ื”ื˜ืœื•ื•ื™ื–ื™ื”, ื“ื ื™ ื“ื™ื™ืจ,
05:26
was related to.
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ืงืฉื•ืจ.
05:27
And I said it was C) Winston
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ื•ืื ื™ ืืžืจืชื™ ืฉื–ื” ื’) ื•ื•ื™ื ืกื˜ื•ืŸ
05:29
Churchill. Was I right?
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ืฆ'ืจืฆ'ื™ืœ. ืฆื“ืงืชื™?
05:32
It was a good guess, Sam, but
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื ื™ื—ื•ืฉ ื˜ื•ื‘, ืกื, ืื‘ืœ
05:33
the actual answer was A) King
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ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ืช ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื) ื”ืžืœืš
05:35
Edward III. And no-one was
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ืื“ื•ืืจื“ ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™. ื•ืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืœื ื”ื™ื”
05:37
more surprised that he was
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ืžื•ืคืชืข ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื›ืš ืฉื”ื•ื
05:38
related to royalty than the
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ืงืฉื•ืจ ืœื‘ื ื™ ืžืœื•ื›ื” ืžืืฉืจ
05:40
EastEnders actor himself!
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ืฉื—ืงืŸ ื”ืื™ืกื˜ืื ื“ืจืก ืขืฆืžื•!
05:42
OK, Neil, letโ€™s recap the
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ื‘ืกื“ืจ, ื ื™ืœ, ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืกื›ื ืืช ืื•ืฆืจ
05:44
vocabulary from this programme
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ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื ืžื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ื–ื•
05:45
about the census - the official
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ืขืœ ืžืคืงื“ ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ืŸ -
05:48
counting of a nationโ€™s population.
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ื”ืกืคื™ืจื” ื”ืจืฉืžื™ืช ืฉืœ ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”.
05:50
To figure something out
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ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืฉื”ื•
05:51
means to understand it.
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ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื• ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื•.
05:54
The Romans used conscription
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ื”ืจื•ืžืื™ื ื”ืฉืชืžืฉื• ื‘ื’ื™ื•ืก
05:56
to force men to join
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืืœืฅ ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ืœื”ืฆื˜ืจืฃ
05:57
the army by law.
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ืœืฆื‘ื ืขืœ ืคื™ ื—ื•ืง.
05:58
Taxation is the governmentโ€™s
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ืžื™ืกื•ื™ ื”ื•ื
06:00
system of taxing people to
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ื”ืฉื™ื˜ื” ืฉืœ โ€‹โ€‹ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืœื”ื˜ื™ืœ ืžืก ืขืœ ืื ืฉื™ื
06:02
pay for public services.
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ืœืฉืœื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื™ื.
06:04
A clerk is an office worker
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ืคืงื™ื“ ื”ื•ื ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืžืฉืจื“
06:06
whose job involves keeping records.
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ืฉืชืคืงื™ื“ื• ื›ืจื•ืš ื‘ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืจื™ืฉื•ืžื™ื.
06:09
And tabulate means show information
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ื•ืืžืฆืขื™ ื˜ื‘ืœื” ืžืฆื™ื’ื™ื ืžื™ื“ืข
06:12
in the form of a table
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ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ื˜ื‘ืœื”
06:13
with rows and columns.
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ืขื ืฉื•ืจื•ืช ื•ืขืžื•ื“ื•ืช.
06:15
Thatโ€™s all for our six-minute
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ื–ื” ื”ื›ืœ ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื”ื”ืกืชื›ืœื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ืช ืฉืฉ ื“ืงื•ืช ื‘ืžืคืงื“
06:17
look at the census, but if weโ€™ve
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ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ืŸ, ืื‘ืœ ืื
06:19
whetted your appetite for more
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ืคืชื—ื ื• ืืช ื”ืชื™ืื‘ื•ืŸ ืฉืœืš ืœืขื•ื“
06:21
why not check out the whole
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ืœืžื” ืฉืœื ืชื‘ื“ื•ืง ืืช
06:22
episode โ€“ itโ€™s available now on
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ื”ืคืจืง ื›ื•ืœื• - ื”ื•ื ื–ืžื™ืŸ ืขื›ืฉื™ื•
06:24
the website of BBC World
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ื‘ืืชืจ ืฉืœ
06:26
Service programme, The Forum.
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ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ ืฉืœ BBC, ื”ืคื•ืจื•ื.
06:28
Bye for now!
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ืœื”ืชืจืื•ืช ื‘ื™ื ืชื™ื™ื!
06:30
Bye bye.
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ื‘ื™ื™ ื‘ื™ื™.
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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