Long Covid: Three types identified: BBC News Review

83,822 views ใƒป 2022-08-17

BBC Learning English


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ. ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืžืชื•ืจื’ืžื•ืช ืžืชื•ืจื’ืžื•ืช ื‘ืžื›ื•ื ื”.

00:00
Long Covid.
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ืงื•ื‘ื™ื“ ืืจื•ืš.
00:02
Scientists say there are three types.
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ืžื“ืขื ื™ื ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืกื•ื’ื™ื.
00:05
This is News Review from BBC Learning English.
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ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืกืงื™ืจืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืฉืœ BBC Learning English.
00:07
I'm Sian. And I'm Beth.
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ืื ื™ ืกื™ืืŸ. ื•ืื ื™ ื‘ืช'.
00:09
Make sure you watch to the end to learn how to talk about the story.
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ื”ืงืคื“ ืœืฆืคื•ืช ืขื“ ื”ืกื•ืฃ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ.
00:13
And remember: Subscribe to our channel, like this video,
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ื•ื–ื›ืจื•: ื”ื™ืจืฉืžื• ืœืขืจื•ืฅ ืฉืœื ื•, ืชื ื• ืœื™ื™ืง ืœืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื”,
00:17
and try the quiz on our website.
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ื•ื ืกื• ืืช ื”ื—ื™ื“ื•ืŸ ื‘ืืชืจ ืฉืœื ื•.
00:20
Now, today's story.
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื•ื.
00:23
Long Covid.
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ืงื•ื‘ื™ื“ ืืจื•ืš.
00:25
Millions of people around the world have reported symptoms of Covid-19
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ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื“ื™ื•ื•ื—ื• ืขืœ ืชืกืžื™ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืงื•ื‘ื™ื“-19
00:30
more than twelve weeks after getting the disease.
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ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืฉื ื™ื ืขืฉืจ ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ืœืื—ืจ ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืžื—ืœื”.
00:35
Now, research by scientists in the UK
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ื›ืขืช, ืžื—ืงืจ ืฉืœ ืžื“ืขื ื™ื ื‘ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื”
00:38
has identified three different types of long Covid.
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ื–ื™ื”ื” ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืกื•ื’ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืงื•ื‘ื™ื“ ืืจื•ืš.
00:43
Some people suffer brain fog and headaches.
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ื™ืฉ ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืกื•ื‘ืœื™ื ืžืขืจืคืœ ืžื•ื—ื™ ื•ื›ืื‘ื™ ืจืืฉ.
00:48
Others have breathing problems.
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ืœืื—ืจื™ื ื™ืฉ ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื ืฉื™ืžื”.
00:51
And a third group experience a range of symptoms.
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ื•ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช ื—ื•ื•ื” ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืชืกืžื™ื ื™ื.
00:57
Before we look at the headlines,
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ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ื”ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช,
00:59
a quick look at the word 'brain fog'.
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ืžื‘ื˜ ื—ื˜ื•ืฃ ื‘ืžื™ืœื” 'ืขืจืคืœ ืžื•ื—'.
01:01
This is a condition when you feel confusion
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ื–ื”ื• ืžืฆื‘ ืฉื‘ื• ืืชื” ืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ื‘ืœื‘ื•ืœ
01:04
and you can't think clearly.
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ื•ืื™ื ืš ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ื‘ื”ื™ืจื•ืช.
01:07
Now, let's look at the vocabulary today, Beth.
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ืื•ืฆืจ ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื ื”ื™ื•ื, ื‘ืช'.
01:08
So today,
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ืื– ื”ื™ื•ื
01:10
we have 'unknown enemy', 'rockets' and 'being sold'.
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ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• 'ืื•ื™ื‘ ื™ื“ื•ืข', 'ืจืงื˜ื•ืช' ื•'ื ืžื›ืจื™ื'.
01:16
This is News Review from BBC Learning English.
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ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืกืงื™ืจืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืฉืœ BBC Learning English.
01:25
Let's have a look at our first headline.
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ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ื”ื›ื•ืชืจืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉืœื ื•.
01:27
This one comes from the Guardian:
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ื–ื” ืžื’ื™ืข ืžื”ื’ืจื“ื™ืืŸ:
01:36
So, this headline is from an opinion piece about long Covid, and the word
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ืื–, ื”ื›ื•ืชืจืช ื”ื–ื• ื”ื™ื ืžืžืืžืจ ื“ืขื” ืขืœ ืงื•ื‘ื™ื“ ืืจื•ืš, ื•ื”ืžื™ืœื”
01:42
we're looking at here is 'unknown enemy'. So, 'enemy' -
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ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžืกืชื›ืœื™ื ืขืœื™ื” ื›ืืŸ ื”ื™ื 'ืื•ื™ื‘ ืœื ื™ื“ื•ืข'. ืื–, 'ืื•ื™ื‘' -
01:46
that's the opposite of a friend, right?
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ื–ื” ื”ื”ืคืš ืžื—ื‘ืจ, ื ื›ื•ืŸ?
01:48
Well, yeah.
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ ื›ืŸ.
01:49
As I'm sure you know, an enemy is someone that hates you.
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ื›ืคื™ ืฉืื ื™ ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ืฉืืชื” ื™ื•ื“ืข, ืื•ื™ื‘ ื”ื•ื ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืฉืฉื•ื ื ืื•ืชืš.
01:54
They want to harm you.
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ื”ื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืคื’ื•ืข ื‘ืš.
01:56
You have to defend yourself against them.
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ืืชื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื’ืŸ ืขืœ ืขืฆืžืš ืžืคื ื™ื”ื.
01:58
We can think of some good fictional examples from films and books.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ื›ืžื” ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช ื‘ื“ื™ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืžืกืจื˜ื™ื ื•ืกืคืจื™ื.
02:02
Yes, so in Star Wars
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ื›ืŸ, ืื– ื‘ืžืœื—ืžืช ื”ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื
02:03
we have Luke Skywalker and Darth Vader
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ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืืช ืœื•ืง ืกืงื™ื™ื•ื•ืงืจ ื•ื“ืืจืช' ื•ื™ื™ื“ืจ
02:06
are enemies. We have Harry Potter and Voldemort.
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ื”ื ืื•ื™ื‘ื™ื. ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื”ืืจื™ ืคื•ื˜ืจ ื•-ื•ื•ืœื“ืžื•ืจื˜.
02:09
They are enemies, but also ordinary people like us. We can have enemies too.
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ื”ื ืื•ื™ื‘ื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ื’ื ืื ืฉื™ื ืจื’ื™ืœื™ื ื›ืžื•ื ื•. ื’ื ืœื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืื•ื™ื‘ื™ื.
02:14
Yeah. And usually you know quite a bit about your enemy.
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ื›ึผึตืŸ. ื•ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืืชื” ื™ื•ื“ืข ืœื ืžืขื˜ ืขืœ ื”ืื•ื™ื‘ ืฉืœืš.
02:18
You probably know their personality and their type of behaviour,
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ืืชื” ื‘ื˜ื— ืžื›ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืื™ืฉื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื ื•ืืช ืกื•ื’ ื”ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื,
02:22
but an 'unknown enemy' is different. And with long Covid,
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ืื‘ืœ 'ืื•ื™ื‘ ื™ื“ื•ืข' ื”ื•ื ืฉื•ื ื”. ื•ืขื ืงื•ื‘ื™ื“ ืืจื•ืš,
02:26
we have the perfect example,
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ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืืช ื”ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ื”ืžื•ืฉืœืžืช,
02:28
as in this headline.
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ื›ืžื• ื‘ื›ื•ืชืจืช ื–ื•.
02:30
Yeah. So, because it is so new scientists don't really know that much about long
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ื›ึผึตืŸ. ืื– ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื–ื” ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื—ื“ืฉ, ืžื“ืขื ื™ื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ืžืžืฉ ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ืขืœ
02:36
Covid yet. They haven't had enough time to study it,
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ืงื•ื‘ื™ื“ ืืจื•ืš. ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ื ืžืกืคื™ืง ื–ืžืŸ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืืช ื–ื”,
02:39
so it's behaviour isn't known, and for that reason we call it an unknown enemy.
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ืื– ื”ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ืฉืœื• ืœื ื™ื“ื•ืขื”, ื•ืžืกื™ื‘ื” ื–ื• ืื ื—ื ื• ืงื•ืจืื™ื ืœื–ื” ืื•ื™ื‘ ืœื ื™ื“ื•ืข.
02:45
And the sense here
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ื•ื”ืชื—ื•ืฉื” ื›ืืŸ
02:46
is that it's more worrying because it's unknown.
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ื”ื™ื ืฉื–ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื“ืื™ื’ ื›ื™ ื–ื” ืœื ื™ื“ื•ืข.
02:50
So, it might not be as bad as we think.
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ืื– ืื•ืœื™ ื–ื” ืœื ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื ื•ืจื ื›ืžื• ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื.
02:52
But then again, it might be a lot worse.
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ืื‘ืœ ืฉื•ื‘, ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื’ืจื•ืข.
02:55
And that's the key meaning of 'unknown enemy'.
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ื•ื–ื• ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ืช ืฉืœ 'ืื•ื™ื‘ ืœื ื™ื“ื•ืข'.
02:57
Indeed. And there's that old saying, isn't there?
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ืื›ืŸ. ื•ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ืคืชื’ื ื”ื™ืฉืŸ ื”ื–ื”, ืœื?
03:00
'Know your enemy'.
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'ื“ืข ืืช ื”ืื•ื™ื‘'.
03:02
At least you know what to expect. Or the phrase:
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ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืืชื” ื™ื•ื“ืข ืœืžื” ืœืฆืคื•ืช. ืื• ื”ืžืฉืคื˜:
03:05
'Keep your friends close.
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'ืฉืžื•ืจ ืืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืœืš ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื.
03:07
Keep your enemies closer.'
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ืฉืžื•ืจ ืืช ืื•ื™ื‘ื™ืš ืงืจื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ'.
03:08
Well, it's a good job we're friends then, Sian.
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื–ื• ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืื–, ืกื™ืืŸ.
03:11
Exactly. Let's look at that again.
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ื‘ึผึฐื“ึดื™ื•ึผืง. ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ื–ื” ืฉื•ื‘.
03:20
Let's have our next headline. This one comes from ITV:
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ื‘ื•ืื• ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ื›ื•ืชืจืช ื”ื‘ืื” ืฉืœื ื•. ื–ื” ืžื’ื™ืข ืž-ITV:
03:32
OK. So, the headline is saying that demand for medical services
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ื‘ืกื“ืจ. ืื–, ื”ื›ื•ืชืจืช ืื•ืžืจืช ืฉื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉ ืœืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ืจืคื•ืื™ื™ื
03:36
for people suffering from long
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ืœืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืกื•ื‘ืœื™ื
03:38
Covid has increased very quickly. And the word
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ืžืงื•ื‘ื™ื“ ืืจื•ืš ื’ื“ืœ ืžื”ืจ ืžืื•ื“. ื•ื”ืžื™ืœื”
03:43
we're looking at here is 'rockets'.
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ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžืกืชื›ืœื™ื ืขืœื™ื” ื›ืืŸ ื”ื™ื 'ืจืงื˜ื•ืช'.
03:45
Now, I know what a rocket is.
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข ืžื” ื–ื” ืจืงื˜ื”.
03:47
Yes, it's something that blasts
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ื›ืŸ, ื–ื” ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืžืชืคื•ืฆืฅ
03:50
off the ground into space. It can also be a weapon.
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ืžื”ืื“ืžื” ืœื—ืœืœ. ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื’ื ื ืฉืง.
03:54
It's really just something that goes up
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ื–ื” ื‘ืืžืช ืจืง ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืขื•ืœื”
03:57
and goes up very quickly.
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ื•ืขื•ืœื” ืžื”ืจ ืžืื•ื“.
04:00
But here, we are not talking
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ืืŸ, ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื
04:01
about an actual rocket,
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ืขืœ ืจืงื˜ื” ืืžื™ืชื™ืช,
04:02
are we? Here, in the headline,
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ื ื›ื•ืŸ? ื›ืืŸ, ื‘ื›ื•ืชืจืช,
04:04
it's used as a verb.
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ื”ื•ื ืžืฉืžืฉ ื›ืคื•ืขืœ.
04:06
Yes, it is a verb and it's used metaphorically, but really,
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ื›ืŸ, ื–ื” ืคื•ืขืœ ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืฉืžืฉ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžื˜ืคื•ืจื™, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืืžืช,
04:09
it's just the same sense as the rocket that blasts into space.
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ื–ื” ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืื•ืชื• ื—ื•ืฉ ื›ืžื• ื”ืจืงื˜ื” ืฉืžืชืคื•ืฆืฆืช ืœื—ืœืœ.
04:14
So, it's something that goes up very quickly,
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ืื– ื–ื” ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืขื•ืœื” ืžื”ืจ ืžืื•ื“,
04:16
and thinking back to the headline,
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ื•ื‘ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ืื—ื•ืจื” ืœื›ื•ืชืจืช,
04:18
we heard that demand for medical services from people with long
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ืฉืžืขื ื• ืฉื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉ ืœืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ืจืคื•ืื™ื™ื ืžืื ืฉื™ื ืขื
04:23
Covid has gone up quickly.
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ืงื•ื‘ื™ื“ ืืจื•ืš ืขืœื” ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช.
04:25
Exactly. But it's not just demands that can rocket, is it?
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ื‘ึผึฐื“ึดื™ื•ึผืง. ืื‘ืœ ืœื ืจืง ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ื˜ื™ืœ ืจืงืข, ื ื›ื•ืŸ?
04:29
What other things can rocket?
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ืื™ืœื• ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื˜ื™ืœ ืจืงื˜ื•ืช?
04:31
Yeah. So, you can use in other ways. For example,
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ื›ึผึตืŸ. ืื– ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืื—ืจื•ืช. ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”,
04:34
prices can rocket. Now,
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ื”ืžื—ื™ืจื™ื ืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืจืงื™ืข. ืขื›ืฉื™ื•,
04:37
inflation is something that is affecting almost everyone in the world right now,
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ืื™ื ืคืœืฆื™ื” ื”ื™ื ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืžืฉืคื™ืข ื›ืžืขื˜ ืขืœ ื›ื•ืœื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื›ืจื’ืข,
04:41
so, prices are rocketing. Or even 'sky rocketing' -
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ืื– ื”ืžื—ื™ืจื™ื ืžื–ื ืงื™ื. ืื• ืืคื™ืœื• 'ืจืงื˜ื™ื ื’ ืฉืžื™ื™ื' -
04:45
which is a more extreme way of saying the same thing.
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ืฉื–ื• ื“ืจืš ืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื•ืžืจ ืืช ืื•ืชื• ื”ื“ื‘ืจ.
04:50
Let's look at that again.
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ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ื–ื” ืฉื•ื‘.
05:00
Can we have the next headline, please, Beth?
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ืืคืฉืจ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ื›ื•ืชืจืช ื”ื‘ืื”, ื‘ื‘ืงืฉื”, ื‘ืช'?
05:02
Yes, this one comes from The Conversation:
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ื›ืŸ, ื–ื” ืžื’ื™ืข ืžื”ืฉื™ื—ื”:
05:18
OK. So, let's break this headline down.
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ื‘ืกื“ืจ. ืื–, ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืฉื‘ื•ืจ ืืช ื”ื›ื•ืชืจืช ื”ื–ื•.
05:21
So, there are a list of three possible cures that they say
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ืื– ื™ืฉ ืจืฉื™ืžื” ืฉืœ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ืืคืฉืจื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื”ื
05:25
are being sold. And we're going to look at the use of this 'being sold' here.
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ื ืžื›ืจื•ืช. ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœื”ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘'ื ืžื›ืจ' ื”ื–ื” ื›ืืŸ.
05:31
Yeah. And this is a bit more complicated than you might think.
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ื›ึผึตืŸ. ื•ื–ื” ืงืฆืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืกื•ื‘ืš ืžืžื” ืฉืืชื” ื—ื•ืฉื‘.
05:34
So, I'm sure you know that
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ืื–, ืื ื™ ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ืฉืืชื” ื™ื•ื“ืข ืฉ'ื ืžื›ืจ
05:36
'sold' comes from 'sell', and 'sell' is giving something in return for money.
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' ืžื’ื™ืข ืž'ืœืžื›ื•ืจ', ื•'ืœืžื›ื•ืจ' ื–ื” ืœืชืช ืžืฉื”ื• ื‘ืชืžื•ืจื” ืœื›ืกืฃ.
05:42
So, are we talking about people paying money for these cures?
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ืื–, ื”ืื ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืžืฉืœืžื™ื ื›ืกืฃ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ื”ืืœื”?
05:46
Yes. And this is the confusing part.
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ื›ืŸ. ื•ื–ื” ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ืžื‘ืœื‘ืœ.
05:49
So, some people are actually paying money for cures,
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ืื–, ื™ืฉ ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืžืฉืœืžื™ื ื›ืกืฃ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช,
05:54
but we can also use 'sell' in another way.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ื’ื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘'ืžื›ื™ืจื”' ื‘ื“ืจืš ืื—ืจืช.
05:57
So, it can mean that someone is trying to convince
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ืื– ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืžื ืกื” ืœืฉื›ื ืข
06:01
or persuade someone else that something is right
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ืื• ืœืฉื›ื ืข ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืื—ืจ ืฉืžืฉื”ื• ื ื›ื•ืŸ
06:05
or a good idea. And in this case, no money needs to be involved.
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ืื• ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ื‘. ื•ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื”ื–ื”, ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืจืš ืœืขืจื‘ ื›ืกืฃ.
06:10
Yes, and 'sell' is often used in this way to talk about ideas. So, for example:
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ื›ืŸ, ื•'ืžื›ื•ืจ' ืžืฉืžืฉ ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื“ืจืš ื–ื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช. ืื–, ืœืžืฉืœ:
06:16
'He tried to sell me the idea that people didn't really land on the Moon'.
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'ื”ื•ื ื ื™ืกื” ืœืžื›ื•ืจ ืœื™ ืืช ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ืœื ื‘ืืžืช ื ื•ื—ืชื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื™ืจื—'.
06:21
So, this means he tried to persuade me
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ืื– ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ื ื™ืกื” ืœืฉื›ื ืข ืื•ืชื™
06:24
that the Moon landings didn't actually happen.
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ืฉื”ื ื—ื™ืชื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ื™ืจื— ืœื ื‘ืืžืช ื”ืชืจื—ืฉื•.
06:27
Yes. Good example. And the sense is often that
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ื›ืŸ. ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื”. ื•ื”ืชื—ื•ืฉื” ื”ื™ื ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื”ื“ื‘ืจ
06:31
the thing that someone is trying to convince you of is
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ืฉืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืžื ืกื” ืœืฉื›ื ืข ืื•ืชืš ื”ื•ื
06:35
maybe a bit wrong or you can't really trust it.
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ืื•ืœื™ ืงืฆืช ืฉื’ื•ื™ ืื• ืฉืืชื” ืœื ื‘ืืžืช ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืกืžื•ืš ืขืœื™ื•.
06:40
But, you can trust us.
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ืื‘ืœ, ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืกืžื•ืš ืขืœื™ื ื•.
06:41
We will never try and sell you a bad definition.
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ืœืขื•ืœื ืœื ื ื ืกื” ืœืžื›ื•ืจ ืœืš ื”ื’ื“ืจื” ื’ืจื•ืขื”.
06:43
So, let's look at that again.
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ืื– ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ื–ื” ืฉื•ื‘.
06:52
OK. So, we had 'unknown enemy' - something or someone wants to harm you,
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ื‘ืกื“ืจ. ืื– ื”ื™ื” ืœื ื• 'ืื•ื™ื‘ ื™ื“ื•ืข' - ืžืฉื”ื• ืื• ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืคื’ื•ืข ื‘ืš,
06:58
but you don't know how. 'Rockets' - goes
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ืื‘ืœ ืืชื” ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืข ืื™ืš. 'ืจืงื˜ื•ืช' -
07:01
up quickly'. 'Being sold' - being persuaded
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ืขื•ืœื” ืžื”ืจ'. 'ื ืžื›ืจ' - ืžืฉืชื›ื ืขื™ื
07:06
that something is a good idea,
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ืฉืžืฉื”ื• ื”ื•ื ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ื‘,
07:08
but can you trust it?
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืื ืืคืฉืจ ืœืกืžื•ืš ืขืœื™ื•?
07:10
Don't forget, there is a quiz on our website:
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ืืœ ืชืฉื›ื—, ื™ืฉ ื—ื™ื“ื•ืŸ ื‘ืืชืจ ืฉืœื ื•:
07:13
bbclearningenglish.com
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bbclearningenglish.com
07:16
Thank you for joining us, goodbye. Bye.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืฉื”ืฆื˜ืจืคืช ืืœื™ื ื•, ืœื”ืชืจืื•ืช. ื‘ื™ื™.
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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