Cancer vaccine?: BBC News Review

313,866 views ใƒป 2022-10-19

BBC Learning English


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ. ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืžืชื•ืจื’ืžื•ืช ืžืชื•ืจื’ืžื•ืช ื‘ืžื›ื•ื ื”.

00:00
Have scientists found a vaccine that can cure cancer?
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ื”ืื ืžื“ืขื ื™ื ืžืฆืื• ื—ื™ืกื•ืŸ ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืจืคื ืกืจื˜ืŸ?
00:04
This is News Review from BBC Learning English.
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ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืกืงื™ืจืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืฉืœ BBC Learning English.
00:07
I'm Neil. And I'm Sian.
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ืื ื™ ื ื™ืœ. ื•ืื ื™ ืกื™ืืŸ.
00:09
Make sure you watch to the end to learn vocabulary about this story.
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ื”ืงืคื“ ืœืฆืคื•ืช ืขื“ ื”ืกื•ืฃ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืื•ืฆืจ ืžื™ืœื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื–ื”.
00:12
Don't forget to subscribe to our channel, like this video,
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ืืœ ืชืฉื›ื—ื• ืœื”ื™ืจืฉื ืœืขืจื•ืฅ ืฉืœื ื•, ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืœื™ื™ืง ืœืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื”
00:16
and try the quiz on our website.
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ื•ืœื ืกื•ืช ืืช ื”ื—ื™ื“ื•ืŸ ื‘ืืชืจ ืฉืœื ื•.
00:18
Now, let's hear more about the story.
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืฉืžืข ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ.
00:22
A cancer vaccine?
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ื—ื™ืกื•ืŸ ื ื’ื“ ืกืจื˜ืŸ?
00:23
By 2030?
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ืขื“ 2030?
00:26
The husband-and-wife team who worked on the Covid jab
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ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ื‘ืขืœ ื•ื”ืื™ืฉื” ืฉืขื‘ื“ื• ืขืœ ื ื’ื™ืฃ ื”ืงื•ื‘ื™ื“
00:30
say the same technology could be used to treat cancer. These vaccines
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ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉืื•ืชื” ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืฉืžืฉ ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืกืจื˜ืŸ. ื—ื™ืกื•ื ื™ื ืืœื”
00:35
tell the cells to produce a protein that can fight tumours.
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ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืœืชืื™ื ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ื—ืœื‘ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ืœื—ื ื‘ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœื™ื.
00:41
The trials are in the early stages, but results have been encouraging, so far.
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ื”ื ื™ืกื•ื™ื™ื ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ืฉืœื‘ื™ื ืžื•ืงื“ืžื™ื, ืืš ื”ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ื™ื• ืžืขื•ื“ื“ื•ืช, ืขื“ ื›ื”.
00:47
ย  You've been looking at the headlines, Sian. What's the vocabulary?
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ื”ืกืชื›ืœืช ืขืœ ื”ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช, ืกื™ืืŸ. ืžื” ืื•ืฆืจ ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื?
00:50
We have 'crack', 'hailed' and 'pioneers'.
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ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• 'ืงืจืืง', 'ืฉื‘ื—' ื•'ื—ืœื•ืฆื™ื'.
00:54
This is News Review from BBC Learning English.
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ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืกืงื™ืจืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืฉืœ BBC Learning English.
01:06
Let's have a look at our first headline.
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ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ื”ื›ื•ืชืจืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉืœื ื• .
01:08
OK, this one is from the BBC.
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ื‘ืกื“ืจ, ื–ื” ืžื”-BBC.
01:16
And, so, the headline is asking
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ื•ืœื›ืŸ, ื”ื›ื•ืชืจืช ืฉื•ืืœืช
01:20
whether the technology that was used to develop Covid vaccines
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ื”ืื ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืฉืฉื™ืžืฉื” ืœืคื™ืชื•ื— ื—ื™ืกื•ื ื™ ืงื•ื‘ื™ื“
01:25
could also help in finding a vaccine or cure for cancer.
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ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ื’ื ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ื‘ืžืฆื™ืืช ื—ื™ืกื•ืŸ ืื• ืชืจื•ืคื” ืœืกืจื˜ืŸ.
01:30
The company that's working on this
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ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืฉืขื•ื‘ื“ืช ืขืœ ื–ื”
01:32
is BioNTech, but the word
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ื”ื™ื BioNTech, ืื‘ืœ ื”ืžื™ืœื”
01:34
we're looking at is 'crack'. Now,
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ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžืกืชื›ืœื™ื ืขืœื™ื” ื”ื™ื 'ืกื“ืง'. ืขื›ืฉื™ื•,
01:37
I know this word 'crack'.
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ืื ื™ ืžื›ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืžื™ืœื” ื”ื–ื• 'ืกื“ืง'.
01:39
I can crack an egg or crack a plate. It means it breaks. What's the connection?
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ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืคืฆื— ื‘ื™ืฆื” ืื• ืœืคืฆื— ืฆืœื—ืช. ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื–ื” ื ืฉื‘ืจ. ืžื” ื”ืงืฉืจ?
01:46
OK, so those examples are physical examples, literal examples,
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ื‘ืกื“ืจ, ืื– ื”ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช ื”ืืœื” ื”ืŸ ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช ืคื™ื–ื™ื•ืช, ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช ืžื™ืœื•ืœื™ื•ืช,
01:50
of breaking something. But here,
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ืฉืœ ืฉื‘ื™ืจืช ืžืฉื”ื•. ืื‘ืœ ื›ืืŸ,
01:53
'crack' means to solve a problem, to find a solution to a problem.
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'ืกื“ืง' ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื• ืœืคืชื•ืจ ื‘ืขื™ื”, ืœืžืฆื•ื ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ืœื‘ืขื™ื”.
01:59
Ah. OK. So, it's this technology that could solve
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ืื”. ื‘ืกื“ืจ. ืื–, ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื”ื–ื• ื”ื™ื ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืคืชื•ืจ
02:05
or crack the problem of cancer.
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ืื• ืœืคืฆื— ืืช ื‘ืขื™ื™ืช ื”ืกืจื˜ืŸ. ื”ืื
02:06
Can we use 'crack' in any other way like this?
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ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘'ืงืจืืง' ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืจืš ืื—ืจืช ื›ืžื• ื–ื•?
02:09
Yeah. So, we can talk about the police cracking a case.
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ื›ึผึตืŸ. ืื– ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉื˜ืจื” ืฉืคื•ืชื—ืช ืชื™ืง.
02:13
So, this means they solve the case, they solve the crime, or a detective
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ืื– ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ื ืคื•ืชืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืชื™ืง, ื”ื ืคื•ืชืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืคืฉืข, ืื• ืฉื‘ืœืฉ
02:18
like Sherlock, can crack a code. So, that means he finds a solution.
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ื›ืžื• ืฉืจืœื•ืง ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืคืฆื— ืงื•ื“. ืื– ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื•ืฆื ืคืชืจื•ืŸ.
02:24
He works out what the code means.
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ื”ื•ื ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื” ื”ืงื•ื“ ืื•ืžืจ.
02:27
OK. Well, I think we've cracked this explanation for our audience.
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ื‘ืกื“ืจ. ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืคื™ืฆื—ื ื• ืืช ื”ื”ืกื‘ืจ ื”ื–ื” ืœืงื”ืœ ืฉืœื ื•.
02:31
Let's look at that again.
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ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ื–ื” ืฉื•ื‘.
02:40
Let's have a look at our next headline.
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ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ื”ื›ื•ืชืจืช ื”ื‘ืื” ืฉืœื ื•.
02:43
This one's from the Evening Standard.
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ื–ื” ืžื”ืื™ื‘ื ื™ื ื’ ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื“.
02:53
The headline is saying
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02:53
that a vaccine for cancer is being hailed by leading Covid
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ื”ื›ื•ืชืจืช ืื•ืžืจืช
ืฉื—ื™ืกื•ืŸ ืœืกืจื˜ืŸ ื–ื•ื›ื” ืœืฉื‘ื—ื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื“ืขื ื™ ืงื•ื‘ื™ื“ ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื™ื
02:58
scientists. Leading Covid
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. ืžื“ืขื ื™ื ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ืงื•ื‘ื™ื“
03:00
scientists are the scientists who developed the covid vaccine,
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ื”ื ื”ืžื“ืขื ื™ื ืฉืคื™ืชื—ื• ืืช ื”ื—ื™ืกื•ืŸ ื ื’ื“ ืงื•ื‘ื™ื“,
03:04
but we're looking at the word 'hailed'.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืกืชื›ืœื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืžื™ืœื” 'ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื”'.
03:06
What can you tell us? Yes, so, 'hail'
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ืžื” ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ ืœื ื•? ื›ืŸ, ืื– 'ืฉืœื•ื'
03:08
here is a verb, and it means to praise or approve a person or an achievement,
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ื›ืืŸ ื”ื•ื ืคื•ืขืœ, ื•ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื• ืœื”ืœืœ ืื• ืœืืฉืจ ืื“ื ืื• ื”ื™ืฉื’,
03:15
and normally in a very public way.
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ื•ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืžืื•ื“ ืคื•ืžื‘ื™ืช.
03:18
Yes. So, the headline is saying there's a lot of praise
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ื›ืŸ. ืื–, ื”ื›ื•ืชืจืช ืื•ืžืจืช ืฉื™ืฉ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืฉื‘ื—ื™ื
03:21
for this potential cancer vaccine.
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ืœื—ื™ืกื•ืŸ ื”ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœื™ ื”ื–ื” ืœืกืจื˜ืŸ.
03:24
It is hailed as a possible cure.
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ื–ื” ื ื—ืฉื‘ ื›ืชืจื•ืคื” ืืคืฉืจื™ืช.
03:28
And it's the scientists themselves who are praising themselves.
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ื•ื”ืžื“ืขื ื™ื ืขืฆืžื ื”ื ืฉืžืฉื‘ื—ื™ื ืืช ืขืฆืžื.
03:32
Exactly. And this,
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ื‘ึผึฐื“ึดื™ื•ึผืง. ื•ื–ื”,
03:34
word 'hail' is usually used in a passive form in headlines, and
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ื”ืžื™ืœื” 'ื‘ืจื“' ืžืฉืžืฉืช ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืคืกื™ื‘ื™ืช ื‘ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช,
03:39
that's because the thing that is hailed is often more important
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ื•ื–ื” ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืžืฉื‘ื—ื™ื ื”ื•ื ืœืจื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื—ืฉื•ื‘
03:43
than the people who are praising.
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ืžื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืžืฉื‘ื—ื™ื.
03:46
Yeah. And, so, we can say that a film is hailed as a masterpiece, or
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ื›ึผึตืŸ. ื•ื›ืš, ืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืกืจื˜ ื ื—ืฉื‘ ืœื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืžื•ืคืช, ืื•
03:52
a company's profits are hailed as a sign of a success.
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ืฉื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ื ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื” ืžื•ืฉื‘ื—ื™ื ื›ืกื™ืžืŸ ืœื”ืฆืœื—ื”.
03:58
We hear this used a lot in news.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืฉื•ืžืขื™ื ืฉืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื–ื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ื‘ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช.
04:00
But, do we use 'hail' in our everyday English? Not really.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืื ืื ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘'ื‘ืจื“' ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ื™ื•ืžื™ื•ืžื™ืช ืฉืœื ื•? ืœื ื‘ืืžืช.
04:04
It's quite a dramatic word.
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ื–ื• ืžื™ืœื” ื“ื™ ื“ืจืžื˜ื™ืช.
04:06
So, it's not really used in informal chat.
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ืื– ื–ื” ืœื ืžืžืฉ ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืฆ'ืื˜ ืœื ืจืฉืžื™.
04:08
It's more in headlines, and it has more impact because of that.
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ื–ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช, ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื–ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ืฉืคืขื” ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื–ื”.
04:13
Well, I'm going to hail that explanation as a great success.
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืื ื™ ื”ื•ืœืš ืœื”ืขืจื™ืš ืืช ื”ื”ืกื‘ืจ ื”ื–ื” ื›ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื”.
04:17
Let's have a look at it one more time.
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ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ื–ื” ืคืขื ื ื•ืกืคืช. ื”ื’ื™ืข
04:26
Time for our next headline.
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ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืœื›ื•ืชืจืช ื”ื‘ืื” ืฉืœื ื•.
04:28
OK, this one is from The Times.
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ื‘ืกื“ืจ, ื–ื” ืžื”ื˜ื™ื™ืžืก.
04:38
The headline says we can expect a cancer vaccine
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ื”ื›ื•ืชืจืช ืื•ืžืจืช ืฉื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืฆืคื•ืช ืœื—ื™ืกื•ืŸ ื ื’ื“ ืกืจื˜ืŸ
04:43
by 2030. The word
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ืขื“ 2030. ื”ืžื™ืœื”
04:45
we're looking at is 'pioneers'. Now, Sian, when I imagine pioneers,
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ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžืกืชื›ืœื™ื ืขืœื™ื” ื”ื™ื 'ื—ืœื•ืฆื™ื'. ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืกื™ืืŸ, ื›ืฉืื ื™ ืžื“ืžื™ื™ืŸ ื—ืœื•ืฆื™ื,
04:49
I can picture
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ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื“ืžื™ื™ืŸ
04:51
men with big beards and rifles,
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ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ืขื ื–ืงื ื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื•ืจื•ื‘ื™ื,
04:54
walking off into the wilderness to claim a new land.
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ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืืœ ื”ืฉืžืžื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœืชื‘ื•ืข ืืจืฅ ื—ื“ืฉื”.
04:59
What's the connection? ย 
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ืžื” ื”ืงืฉืจ?
05:00
Well, I'm not sure if the scientists have big beards, or look exactly like that,
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืื ื™ ืœื ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ืื ืœืžื“ืขื ื™ื ื™ืฉ ื–ืงื ื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื, ืื• ืฉื”ื ื ืจืื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื›ื›ื”,
05:05
but I imagine not. But you're right.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ืžืชืืจ ืœืขืฆืžื™ ืฉืœื. ืื‘ืœ ืืชื” ืฆื•ื“ืง.
05:07
A pioneer was someone who explored
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ื—ืœื•ืฅ ื”ื™ื” ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืฉื—ืงืจ
05:10
or settled in a new area, particularly the US,
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ืื• ื”ืชื™ื™ืฉื‘ ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ื—ื“ืฉ, ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘,
05:14
but nowadays, 'pioneer' is often used to mean a person who is first to develop
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ื™ื•ื, "ื—ืœื•ืฅ" ืžืฉืžืฉ ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืœืื“ื ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืœืคืชื—
05:21
or use something new.
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ืื• ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืžืฉื”ื• ื—ื“ืฉ.
05:22
OK. So, by Covid pioneers,
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ื‘ืกื“ืจ. ืื–, ื‘ืคื™ ื—ืœื•ืฆื™ ืงื•ื‘ื™ื“,
05:25
we mean the first people to develop a vaccine for Covid.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืชื›ื•ื•ื ื™ื ืœืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืคื™ืชื—ื• ื—ื™ืกื•ืŸ ืœืงื•ื‘ื™ื“.
05:29
That's right. So, we can use 'pioneer' in relation
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ื–ื” ื ื›ื•ืŸ. ืื–, ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘'ื—ืœื•ืฅ' ื‘ื™ื—ืก
05:33
to a new method, a new technique, or an area of knowledge. For example,
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ืœืฉื™ื˜ื” ื—ื“ืฉื”, ื˜ื›ื ื™ืงื” ื—ื“ืฉื” ืื• ืชื—ื•ื ื™ื“ืข. ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”,
05:38
Marie Curie was a pioneer in physics and chemistry because
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ืžืืจื™ ืงื™ืจื™ ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื—ืœื•ืฆื” ื‘ืคื™ื–ื™ืงื” ื•ื‘ื›ื™ืžื™ื” ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื’ื™ืœืชื”
05:42
she discovered radioactivity. And Steve Jobs was a technology pioneer.
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ืจื“ื™ื•ืืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช. ื•ืกื˜ื™ื‘ ื’'ื•ื‘ืก ื”ื™ื” ื—ืœื•ืฅ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™.
05:48
Yes. And, so, the Covid vaccine pioneers are now hoping to become cancer vaccine pioneers.
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ื›ืŸ. ื•ื›ืš, ื—ืœื•ืฆื™ ื—ื™ืกื•ื ื™ ืงื•ื‘ื™ื“ ืžืงื•ื•ื™ื ื›ืขืช ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืœื—ืœื•ืฆื™ ื—ื™ืกื•ื ื™ื ืœืกืจื˜ืŸ.
05:57
Now, if I talk about my own life,
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืื ืื ื™ ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื™,
05:59
I do a small piece of work that I think is really important,
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ืื ื™ ืขื•ืฉื” ื™ืฆื™ืจื” ืงื˜ื ื” ืฉืœื“ืขืชื™ ื”ื™ื ืžืžืฉ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื”,
06:04
I have a new idea for a programme.
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ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื—ื“ืฉ ืœืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช.
06:06
BBC Learning English. Am I a pioneer?
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BBC ืœื•ืžื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ื”ืื ืื ื™ ื—ืœื•ืฅ?
06:08
Well, you could Neil, but it sounds a bit grand.
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื ื™ืœ, ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ื ืฉืžืข ืงืฆืช ืžืคื•ืืจ.
06:12
You're saying that you're a very important person. In normal conversation,
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ืืชื” ืื•ืžืจ ืฉืืชื” ืื“ื ืžืื•ื“ ื—ืฉื•ื‘. ื‘ืฉื™ื—ื” ืจื’ื™ืœื”,
06:16
it's more likely just to say that you develop something,
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ืกื‘ื™ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืคืฉื•ื˜ ืชื’ื™ื“ ืฉืืชื” ืžืคืชื— ืžืฉื”ื•,
06:19
or you invented something new.
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ืื• ืฉื”ืžืฆืืช ืžืฉื”ื• ื—ื“ืฉ.
06:22
We've been looking at the word as a noun.
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ื”ืกืชื›ืœื ื• ืขืœ ื”ืžื™ืœื” ื›ืฉื ืขืฆื.
06:24
Yes. It's also a verb: 'to pioneer'.
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ื›ืŸ. ื–ื” ื’ื ืคื•ืขืœ: 'ืœื—ืœื•ืฅ'.
06:26
So, you can pioneer something.
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ืื– ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื—ืœื•ืฅ ื‘ืžืฉื”ื•.
06:28
So, for example, BBC
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ื›ืš, ืœืžืฉืœ, BBC
06:30
Learning English is almost 80 years old, and 80 years ago,
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Learning English ื”ื•ื ื›ืžืขื˜ ื‘ืŸ 80, ื•ืœืคื ื™ 80 ืฉื ื”,
06:35
we pioneered teaching English by radio.
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ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื—ืœื•ืฆื™ื ื‘ื”ื•ืจืืช ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื‘ืจื“ื™ื•.
06:38
But we weren't around then.
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ืื‘ืœ ืœื ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ืื–.
06:40
No, we weren't. Let's have a look at that again.
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ืœื, ืœื ื”ื™ื™ื ื•. ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ื–ื” ืฉื•ื‘.
06:51
We've had 'crack':
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ื”ื™ื” ืœื ื• 'ืกื“ืง':
06:52
Find a solution to something.
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ืžืฆื ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ืœืžืฉื”ื•.
06:55
'Hailed': praised.
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'ื”ืœืœ': ืฉื™ื‘ื—.
06:58
And; 'pioneered': The first people to develop or use something.
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ื•ื’ื; 'ื—ืœื•ืฅ': ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืคื™ืชื—ื• ืื• ื”ืฉืชืžืฉื• ื‘ืžืฉื”ื•.
07:02
Don't forget there's a quiz on our website
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ืืœ ืชืฉื›ื— ืฉื™ืฉ ื—ื™ื“ื•ืŸ ื‘ืืชืจ ืฉืœื ื•
07:04
bbclearningenglish.com.
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bbclearningenglish.com.
07:07
Thank you for joining us,
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืฉื”ืฆื˜ืจืคืช ืืœื™ื ื•,
07:08
and goodbye. Goodbye.
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ื•ืœื”ืชืจืื•ืช. ื”ึฑื™ื” ืฉืœื•ื.

Original video on YouTube.com
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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