How green is nuclear energy? - 6 Minute English

99,088 views ใƒป 2021-11-25

BBC Learning English


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ. ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืžืชื•ืจื’ืžื•ืช ืžืชื•ืจื’ืžื•ืช ื‘ืžื›ื•ื ื”.

00:07
Hello. This is 6 Minute
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ืฉืœื•ื. ื–ื•ื”ื™ 6 ื“ืงื•ืช
00:09
English from
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00:09
BBC Learning English. I'm Neil. ย 
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ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืžื‘ื™ืช
BBC Learning English. ืื ื™ ื ื™ืœ.
00:12
And I'm Sam. With winter here, the rising
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ื•ืื ื™ ืกื. ืขื ื”ื—ื•ืจืฃ ื›ืืŸ, ืขืœื™ื™ืช
00:15
price of oil and natural gas
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ืžื—ื™ืจื™ ื”ื ืคื˜ ื•ื”ื’ื– ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™
00:17
has become a hot topic. At the same time, climate
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ื”ืคื›ื” ืœื ื•ืฉื ื—ื. ื‘ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ,
00:20
change is also reaching
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ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ ื”ืืงืœื™ื ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ื’ื
00:21
emergency levels, and world
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ืœืจืžื•ืช ื—ื™ืจื•ื,
00:23
leaders are looking for ways to
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ื•ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืžื—ืคืฉื™ื ื“ืจื›ื™ื
00:25
reduce our consumption of
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ืœื”ืคื—ื™ืช ืืช ืฆืจื™ื›ืช
00:26
fossil fuels. Some think
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ื”ื“ืœืงื™ื ื”ืžืื•ื‘ื ื™ื ืฉืœื ื•. ื™ืฉ ื”ืกื‘ื•ืจื™ื ืฉื”ืื•ืคืฆื™ื”
00:28
the best option is
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ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ื™ื ืื ืจื’ื™ื”
00:29
renewables - types of natural
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ืžืชื—ื“ืฉืช - ืกื•ื’ื™
00:32
energy, such as wind and
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ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืื ืจื’ื™ื™ืช ืจื•ื— ื•ืื ืจื’ื™ื”
00:33
solar power, which can be
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ืกื•ืœืืจื™ืช, ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ
00:35
replaced as quickly as
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ืœื”ื—ืœื™ืฃ ืื•ืชื” ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉื‘ื”
00:36
they are used. Others prefer a return to
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ื ืขืฉื” ื‘ื”ืŸ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ. ืื—ืจื™ื ืžืขื“ื™ืคื™ื ื—ื–ืจื”
00:39
nuclear energy, arguing that
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ืœืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื’ืจืขื™ื ื™ืช, ื‘ื˜ืขื ื”
00:41
it's clean, green and more
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ืฉื”ื™ื ื ืงื™ื™ื”, ื™ืจื•ืงื” ื•ืืžื™ื ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ
00:43
reliable that renewables.
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ืžื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื”ืžืชื—ื“ืฉืช.
00:44
But after infamous nuclear
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ืื‘ืœ ืื—ืจื™ ืืกื•ื ื•ืช ื’ืจืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื“ื•ืขื™ื ืœืฉืžืฆื”
00:46
disasters like those at
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ื›ืžื• ืืœื”
00:48
Chernobyl and Fukushima,
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ื‘ืฆ'ืจื ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ื•ืคื•ืงื•ืฉื™ืžื”, ื ื•ืชืจื•
00:50
questions about its
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ืฉืืœื•ืช ืœื’ื‘ื™
00:51
safety remain. In this programme, we'll
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ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืชื•. ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื–ื•,
00:53
be finding out how green
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ื ื’ืœื” ืขื“ ื›ืžื”
00:55
nuclear power is by asking:
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ื–ื” ื›ื•ื— ื’ืจืขื™ื ื™ ื™ืจื•ืง ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฉืืœื”:
00:58
when it comes to the climate,
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ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืืงืœื™ื, ื”ืื
01:00
is nuclear a friend or foe? But before that, Sam, it's
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ื”ื’ืจืขื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื—ื‘ืจ ืื• ืื•ื™ื‘? ืื‘ืœ ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืŸ, ืกื, ื”ื’ื™ืข
01:04
time for my quiz question.
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ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืœืฉืืœืช ื”ื—ื™ื“ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื™.
01:06
Many of the nuclear power
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ืจื‘ื•ืช ืžืชื—ื ื•ืช ื”ื›ื•ื— ื”ื’ืจืขื™ื ื™ื•ืช
01:08
stations built since the
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ืฉื ื‘ื ื• ืžืื–
01:09
1960s are reaching the end
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ืฉื ื•ืช ื”-60 ืžื’ื™ืขื•ืช ืœืกื•ืฃ
01:11
of their planned life, and
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ื—ื™ื™ื”ืŸ ื”ืžืชื•ื›ื ื ื™ื,
01:13
not everyone thinks they
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ื•ืœื ื›ื•ืœื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉืฆืจื™ืš
01:14
should be replaced.
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ืœื”ื—ืœื™ืฃ ืื•ืชืŸ.
01:16
In 2011, one country
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ื‘-2011, ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืื—ืช
01:18
announced that it would
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ื”ื•ื“ื™ืขื” ืฉื”ื™ื ืชืคืกื™ืง ืืช
01:19
phase out - meaning
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ื”ืฉืœื‘ - ื›ืœื•ืžืจ
01:20
gradually stop using - nuclear
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ืชืคืกื™ืง ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื”ื“ืจื’ื” -
01:22
power altogether.
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ื‘ื›ื•ื— ื’ืจืขื™ื ื™ ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ.
01:24
But which country?
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ืื‘ืœ ืื™ื–ื• ืžื“ื™ื ื”? ื”ืื
01:25
Was it: a) Germany
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื”: ื) ื’ืจืžื ื™ื”
01:27
b) India or c) Brazil? I'll go with a) Germany. ย 
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ื‘) ื”ื•ื“ื• ืื• ื’) ื‘ืจื–ื™ืœ? ืื ื™ ืืœืš ืขื ื) ื’ืจืžื ื™ื”.
01:33
OK, Sam. We'll reveal the
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ื‘ืกื“ืจ, ืกื. ืืช
01:34
correct answer later
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ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื” ื ื—ืฉื•ืฃ ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš
01:36
in the programme. As Neil mentioned, whatever
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ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช. ื›ืคื™ ืฉื ื™ืœ ื”ื–ื›ื™ืจ, ื™ื”ื™ื• ืืฉืจ ื™ื”ื™ื•
01:38
the advantages of nuclear
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ื”ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ
01:40
power for the climate,
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ื›ื•ื— ื’ืจืขื™ื ื™ ืœืืงืœื™ื,
01:42
many members of the public
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ืœืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืจื‘ื™ื
01:43
have concerns about
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ื™ืฉ ื“ืื’ื•ืช ืœื’ื‘ื™
01:44
nuclear safety. Probably the most
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ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ื’ืจืขื™ื ื™ืช. ื›ื ืจืื”
01:47
well-known nuclear accident
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ื”ืชืื•ื ื” ื”ื’ืจืขื™ื ื™ืช ื”ื™ื“ื•ืขื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ
01:48
happened on the 26th of
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ืื™ืจืขื” ื‘-26
01:50
April 1986 at the
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ื‘ืืคืจื™ืœ 1986 ื‘ืชื—ื ืช
01:52
Chernobyl nuclear power
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ื”ื›ื•ื— ื”ื’ืจืขื™ื ื™ืช ื‘ืฆ'ืจื ื•ื‘ื™ืœ
01:53
plant in Soviet Ukraine. Dutch journalist Mirjam Vossen
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ื‘ืื•ืงืจืื™ื ื” ื”ืกื•ื‘ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืช. ื”ืขื™ืชื•ื ืื™ืช ื”ื”ื•ืœื ื“ื™ืช Mirjam Vossen
01:57
reflects on what happened
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ืฉื•ืงืœืช ืขืœ ืžื” ืฉืงืจื”
01:59
with BBC World Service
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ืขื ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช BBC World Service
02:00
programme, The Real Story. The perceptions of nuclear
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, The Real Story. ื”ืชืคื™ืกื•ืช ืฉืœ
02:05
energy of, I think, a whole
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ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื’ืจืขื™ื ื™ืช ืฉืœ, ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘,
02:07
generation have been shaped
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ื“ื•ืจ ืฉืœื ืขื•ืฆื‘ื•
02:08
by high impact events,
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ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ ื”ืฉืคืขื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื”,
02:11
most notably the Chernobyl
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ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ
02:12
disaster... including myself.
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ืืกื•ืŸ ืฆ'ืจื ื•ื‘ื™ืœ... ื›ื•ืœืœ ืื ื™.
02:15
I have vivid memories of how
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ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ื ื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ื ืื™ืš
02:17
the media reported on this
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ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื“ื™ื•ื•ื—ื” ืขืœ
02:19
event and how scary it was
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ื”ืื™ืจื•ืข ื”ื–ื” ื•ื›ืžื” ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืžืคื—ื™ื“
02:20
and how frightened everyone
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ื•ื›ืžื” ืคื—ื“ื• ื›ื•ืœื
02:22
was of the radioactive
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02:23
clouds drifting from the
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ืžื”ืขื ื ื™ื ื”ืจื“ื™ื•ืืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื™ื ืฉื ืกื—ืคื•
02:25
Ukraine towards Europe.
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ืžืื•ืงืจืื™ื ื” ืœื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืื™ืจื•ืคื”.
02:27
So, this is, sort of,
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ืื–, ื–ื”, ื‘ืขืจืš,
02:28
ingrained in people's minds,
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ื˜ื‘ื•ืข ื‘ืžื•ื—ื ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื,
02:30
and for many it hasn't
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ื•ืœืจื‘ื™ื ื–ื” ืœื
02:31
been - really been updated. It was a frightening time,
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- ื‘ืืžืช ืขื•ื“ื›ืŸ. ื–ื• ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืชืงื•ืคื” ืžืคื—ื™ื“ื”,
02:35
and Mirjam says she has
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ื•ืžืจื™ื ืžืกืคืจืช ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”
02:37
vivid memories - memories
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ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ื ื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ื - ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ื ื•ืช
02:38
that produce powerful
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ืฉืžื™ื™ืฆืจื™ื
02:40
feelings and strong,
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ืจื’ืฉื•ืช ืขื•ืฆืžืชื™ื™ื ื•ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ื—ื–ืงื•ืช
02:41
clear images in the mind. The accident in Chernobyl
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ื•ื‘ืจื•ืจื•ืช ื‘ื ืคืฉ. ื”ืชืื•ื ื” ื‘ืฆ'ืจื ื•ื‘ื™ืœ
02:45
changed many people's opinions
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ืฉื™ื ืชื” ืืช ื“ืขื•ืชื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื
02:46
of nuclear power in a
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ืขืœ ื›ื•ื— ื’ืจืขื™ื ื™
02:48
negative way, and these
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ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉืœื™ืœื™, ื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืืœื•
02:49
opinions became ingrained -
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ื”ืฉืชืœืฉื• -
02:52
strongly held and difficult
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ื—ื–ืงื•ืช ื•ืงืฉื•ืช
02:54
to change. But Mirjam
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ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™. ืื‘ืœ ืžืจื™ื
02:56
believes these ingrained
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ืžืืžื™ื ื”
02:57
public perceptions of nuclear
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ืฉื”ืชืคื™ืกื•ืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืฉืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ืœื’ื‘ื™
02:59
safety are out-of-date.
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ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ื’ืจืขื™ื ื™ืช ืื™ื ืŸ ืžืขื•ื“ื›ื ื•ืช.
03:01
She argues that such
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ื”ื™ื ื˜ื•ืขื ืช ืฉืชืื•ื ื•ืช ื›ืืœื”
03:02
accidents caused by human
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ื”ื ื’ืจืžื•ืช ื›ืชื•ืฆืื”
03:04
error could not happen
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ืžื˜ืขื•ื™ื•ืช ืื ื•ืฉ ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœืงืจื•ืช
03:06
in the modern nuclear
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03:07
power stations used today. What's more, nuclear creates
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ื‘ืชื—ื ื•ืช ื”ื›ื•ื— ื”ื’ืจืขื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืžืฉื•ืช ื›ื™ื•ื. ื™ืชืจื” ืžื›ืš, ื’ืจืขื™ื ื™ ื™ื•ืฆืจ
03:11
a steady supply
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ืืกืคืงื” โ€‹โ€‹ืงื‘ื•ืขื”
03:12
of power - unlike
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ืฉืœ ื—ืฉืžืœ - ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“
03:13
renewables, which don't make
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ืœื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืžืชื—ื“ืฉื™ื, ืฉืื™ื ื ืžื™ื™ืฆืจื™ื
03:14
electricity when the wind
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ื—ืฉืžืœ ื›ืฉื”ืจื•ื—
03:16
doesn't blow, or the Sun
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ืœื ื ื•ืฉื‘ืช, ืื• ืฉื”ืฉืžืฉ
03:17
doesn't shine. So maybe nuclear power is
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ืœื ื–ื•ืจื—ืช. ืื– ืื•ืœื™ ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื’ืจืขื™ื ื™ืช ื”ื™ื
03:20
the greenest way of generating
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ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ื™ืจื•ืงื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื”ืคืงืช
03:22
energy without fossil fuels. Well, not according to
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ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืœืœื ื“ืœืงื™ื ืžืื•ื‘ื ื™ื. ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืœื ืœืคื™
03:26
Energy Institute researcher
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ื—ื•ืงืจ ืžื›ื•ืŸ ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื”
03:27
Paul Dorfman. Nuclear power
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ืคื•ืœ ื“ื•ืจืคืžืŸ. ืชื—ื ื•ืช ื›ื•ื— ื’ืจืขื™ื ื™ื•ืช
03:30
stations are located near
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ืžืžื•ืงืžื•ืช ืœื™ื“
03:31
seas or large lakes because
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ื™ื ืื• ืื’ืžื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืŸ
03:33
they need water to cool down.
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ื–ืงื•ืงื•ืช ืœืžื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืชืงืจืจ.
03:36
Paul thinks that soon rising
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ืคื•ืœ ื—ื•ืฉื‘
03:38
seas levels will mean the
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ืฉืขืœื™ื™ื” ื‘ืžืคืœืก ื”ื™ื ื‘ืงืจื•ื‘ ืžืฉืžืขื” ืืช
03:39
end of nuclear as a
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ืงืฅ ื”ื’ืจืขื™ืŸ
03:40
realistic energy option. He thinks money invested in
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ื›ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืจื™ืืœื™ืช. ื”ื•ื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื›ืกืฃ ืฉื”ื•ืฉืงืข
03:44
nuclear upgrades would be
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ื‘ืฉื“ืจื•ื’ื™ื ื’ืจืขื™ื ื™ ื™ื•ืฉืงืข
03:45
better spent making clean
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ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื”ืคื™ื›ืช
03:47
renewables more reliable
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ืžืชื—ื“ืฉื™ื ื ืงื™ื™ื ืœืืžื™ื ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ
03:49
instead, as he explained to
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ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื–ืืช, ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ
03:51
BBC World Service programme,
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ืœืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช BBC World Service,
03:53
The Real Story. I think the key takeaway
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The Real Story. ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื”ืžื‘ื—ืŸ ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™
03:57
is that nuclear's low
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ื”ื•ื ืฉื ืงื•ื“ืช ื”ืžื›ื™ืจื”
03:58
carbon electricity unique
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ื”ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื—ืฉืžืœ ื“ืœ ืคื—ืžืŸ ื’ืจืขื™ื ื™
04:00
selling point kind of
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04:01
sits in the context of
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ื ืžืฆืืช ื‘ืงื•ื ื˜ืงืกื˜ ืฉืœ
04:02
a much larger picture
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ืชืžื•ื ื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœื”
04:04
that nuclear will be one
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ืœืคื™ื” ื’ืจืขื™ืŸ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืื—ื“ ื”ื ืคื’ืขื™ื
04:06
of the first and most
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ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื•ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ
04:07
significant casualties
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04:08
to ramping climate change.
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ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ ื”ืืงืœื™ื ื”ืžื’ื‘ื™ืจื™ื.
04:10
So, nuclear's quite
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ืื–, ื’ืจืขื™ืŸ ื ืžืฆื ืžืžืฉ
04:12
literally on the front
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04:14
line of climate change
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ื‘ื—ื–ื™ืช ืฉืœ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ ื”ืืงืœื™ื
04:15
and not in a good way - that's
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ื•ืœื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื” - ื–ื”
04:16
because far from helping
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื”ื•ื ืจื—ื•ืง ืžืœืขื–ื•ืจ
04:18
with our climate change
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ืขื ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ ื”ืืงืœื™ื ืฉืœื ื•
04:19
problems, it'll add to it. One advantage of nuclear power
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, ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืœื–ื”. ื™ืชืจื•ืŸ ืื—ื“ ืฉืœ ื›ื•ื— ื’ืจืขื™ื ื™
04:24
is that it produces electricity
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ื”ื•ื ืฉื”ื™ื ืžื™ื™ืฆืจืช ื—ืฉืžืœ
04:26
using little carbon.
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ืชื•ืš ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืžืขื˜ ืคื—ืžืŸ.
04:27
Paul Dorfman calls this
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ืคื•ืœ ื“ื•ืจืคืžืŸ ืžื›ื ื” ื–ืืช
04:29
its unique selling point. A unique selling point,
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ื ืงื•ื“ืช ื”ืžื›ื™ืจื” ื”ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ืช ืฉืœื”. ื ืงื•ื“ืช ืžื›ื™ืจื” ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ืช,
04:32
which is sometimes
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ืฉืœืขื™ืชื™ื
04:33
shortened to 'USP', is a
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ืžืชืงืฆืจืช ืœ-'USP', ื”ื™ื
04:36
common way to describe
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ื“ืจืš ื ืคื•ืฆื” ืœืชืืจ
04:37
the feature of something
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ืืช ื”ืชื›ื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ืžืฉื”ื•
04:38
that makes it different
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ืฉืขื•ืฉื” ืื•ืชื• ืฉื•ื ื”
04:40
from and better than
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ื•ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ
04:42
its competitors. But that doesn't change
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ืžื”ืžืชื—ืจื™ื ืฉืœื•. ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืœื ืžืฉื ื”
04:44
the fact that rising
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ืืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉืขืœื™ื™ืช
04:46
sea levels would make
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ืคื ื™ ื”ื™ื ืชื”ืคื•ืš ืืช
04:47
nuclear an unrealistic,
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ื”ื’ืจืขื™ืŸ ืœื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ืœื ืžืฆื™ืื•ืชื™ืช,
04:48
even dangerous, choice.
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ืืคื™ืœื• ืžืกื•ื›ื ืช.
04:50
This is why he calls nuclear
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ื–ื• ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื›ื ื” ืืช
04:52
power a casualty of climate
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ื”ื›ื•ื— ื”ื’ืจืขื™ื ื™ ื›ืงื•ืจื‘ืŸ ืฉืœ
04:54
change, meaning a victim,
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ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ ืืงืœื™ื, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืงื•ืจื‘ืŸ,
04:55
or something that suffers
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ืื• ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืกื•ื‘ืœ
04:57
as a result of something
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ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžืžืฉื”ื•
04:58
else happening. This also explains why some
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ืื—ืจ ืฉืงื•ืจื”. ื–ื” ื’ื ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ืžื“ื•ืข ื—ืœืง
05:01
countries are now turning away
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ืžื”ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืžืชืจื—ืงื•ืช ื›ืขืช
05:03
from nuclear power towards
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ืžื›ื•ื— ื’ืจืขื™ื ื™ ืœืžืงื•ืจื•ืช
05:04
more renewable energy
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ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืžืชื—ื“ืฉื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ
05:06
sources - countries
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- ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช
05:07
such as... well, what was
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ื›ืžื•... ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืžื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื”
05:09
the answer to your
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ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”
05:10
quiz question, Neil? I asked Sam which country
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ืœืฉืืœืช ื”ื—ื™ื“ื•ืŸ ืฉืœืš, ื ื™ืœ? ืฉืืœืชื™ ืืช ืกื ืื™ื–ื• ืžื“ื™ื ื”
05:12
decided to gradually stop
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ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื” ืœื”ืคืกื™ืง ื‘ื”ื“ืจื’ื” ืืช
05:14
using nuclear power. ย 
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ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื›ื•ื— ื’ืจืขื™ื ื™.
05:15
I said a) Germany. Which was the correct answer!
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ืืžืจืชื™ ื) ื’ืจืžื ื™ื”. ืžื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื”!
05:19
In fact, around 70% of
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ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื›-70%
05:22
Germany's electricity now
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ืžื”ื—ืฉืžืœ ืฉืœ ื’ืจืžื ื™ื”
05:23
comes from renewables. OK, Neil, let's recap the
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ืžื’ื™ืข ื›ืขืช ืžืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืžืชื—ื“ืฉื™ื. ื‘ืกื“ืจ, ื ื™ืœ, ื‘ื•ื ื ืกื›ื ืืช
05:26
rest of the vocabulary
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ืฉืืจ ืื•ืฆืจ ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื
05:27
from this programme, starting
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ืžื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ื–ื•, ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื
05:29
with to phase something out,
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ื‘ื”ื•ืฆืืช ืžืฉื”ื• ื‘ื”ื“ืจื’ื”,
05:32
meaning to gradually
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ื›ืœื•ืžืจ
05:33
stop using something. Vivid memories are memories
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ืœื”ืคืกื™ืง ื‘ื”ื“ืจื’ื” ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืžืฉื”ื•. ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ื ื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ื ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ื ื•ืช
05:36
that produce powerful feelings
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ื”ืžื™ื™ืฆืจื™ื ืจื’ืฉื•ืช ื—ื–ืงื™ื
05:37
and strong mental images. Opinions and beliefs
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ื•ื“ื™ืžื•ื™ื™ื ื ืคืฉื™ื™ื ื—ื–ืงื™ื. ื“ืขื•ืช ื•ืืžื•ื ื•ืช
05:41
which are ingrained are
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ืžื•ืฉืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืŸ
05:42
so strongly held that
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ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื—ื–ืงื•ืช ืขื“ ืฉืงืฉื”
05:44
they are difficult
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05:45
to change. Something's unique selling
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ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืื•ืชืŸ. ื ืงื•ื“ืช ื”ืžื›ื™ืจื” ื”ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ืช ืฉืœ ืžืฉื”ื•
05:47
point, or USP, is the
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, ืื• USP, ื”ื™ื
05:49
feature that makes it
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ื”ืชื›ื•ื ื” ืฉืขื•ืฉื” ืื•ืชื•
05:50
different from and better
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ืฉื•ื ื” ื•ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื”ืžืชื—ืจื™ื
05:51
than its competitors. And finally, a casualty
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ืฉืœื•. ื•ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ, ื ืคื’ืข
05:55
is a person or thing that
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ื”ื•ื ืื“ื ืื• ื“ื‘ืจ
05:57
suffers as a result of
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ืฉืกื•ื‘ืœ ื›ืชื•ืฆืื”
05:58
something else happening. That's all for this look
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ืžืžืฉื”ื• ืื—ืจ ืฉืงื•ืจื”. ื–ื” ื”ื›ืœ ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื”ื”ืกืชื›ืœื•ืช ื”ื–ื•
06:01
into nuclear and
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ืขืœ
06:02
renewable energy. ย 
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ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื’ืจืขื™ื ื™ืช ื•ืžืชื—ื“ืฉืช.
06:03
Bye for now! Goodbye!
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ืœื”ืชืจืื•ืช ื‘ื™ื ืชื™ื™ื! ื”ึฑื™ื” ืฉืœื•ื!
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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