Qatar's World Cup workers - 6 Minute English

166,928 views ใƒป 2022-11-17

BBC Learning English


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ. ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืžืชื•ืจื’ืžื•ืช ืžืชื•ืจื’ืžื•ืช ื‘ืžื›ื•ื ื”.

00:06
Hello. This is 6 Minute English from
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ืฉืœื•ื. ื–ื•ื”ื™ 6 ื“ืงื•ืช ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืžื‘ื™ืช
00:08
BBC Learning English. Iโ€™m Neil.
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BBC Learning English. ืื ื™ ื ื™ืœ.
00:10
And Iโ€™m Beth.
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ื•ืื ื™ ื‘ืช'.
00:11
Every four years the best players in the
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ื›ืœ ืืจื‘ืข ืฉื ื™ื ืžืชืืกืคื™ื ื”ืฉื—ืงื ื™ื ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื
00:14
world gather for one month in the summer
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ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืœื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืื—ื“ ื‘ืงื™ืฅ
00:16
to take part in the biggest event in football โ€“
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื—ืช ื—ืœืง ื‘ืื™ืจื•ืข ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื›ื“ื•ืจื’ืœ -
00:19
the World Cup.
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ื”ืžื•ื ื“ื™ืืœ.
00:20
But this year, for the first time ever, the
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืฉื ื”, ืœืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืื™ ืคืขื,
00:23
competition is taking place in winter.
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ื”ืชื—ืจื•ืช ืžืชืงื™ื™ืžืช ื‘ื—ื•ืจืฃ.
00:25
Why? Because the 2022 World Cup is
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ืœืžื”? ื›ื™ ืžื•ื ื“ื™ืืœ 2022
00:28
happening in Qatar.
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ืžืชืจื—ืฉ ื‘ืงื˜ืืจ.
00:29
Over a million fans from all over the world
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ืœืžืขืœื” ืžืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืื•ื”ื“ื™ื ืžื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื
00:32
are expected to visit Qatar for the World Cup
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ืฆืคื•ื™ื™ื ืœื‘ืงืจ ื‘ืงื˜ืืจ ืœืงืจืืช ื”ืžื•ื ื“ื™ืืœ
00:35
which starts on the 20th of November.
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ืฉื™ื—ืœ ื‘-20 ื‘ื ื•ื‘ืžื‘ืจ.
00:37
Because temperatures in Qatar exceed 45
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ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื˜ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืจื•ืช ื‘ืงื˜ืืจ ืขื•ืœื•ืช ืขืœ 45
00:40
degrees in the summer, the competition
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ืžืขืœื•ืช ื‘ืงื™ืฅ, ื”ืชื—ืจื•ืช
00:42
was moved to the winter.
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ื”ื•ืขื‘ืจื” ืœื—ื•ืจืฃ.
00:44
But the decision to hold the World Cup
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืœืงื™ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื•ื ื“ื™ืืœ ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ืช
00:46
in the tiny, oil-rich Gulf
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ื”ืžืคืจืฅ ื”ื–ืขื™ืจื” ื•ื”ืขืฉื™ืจื” ื‘ื ืคื˜
00:47
state has been controversial.
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืฉื ื•ื™ื” ื‘ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช.
00:49
One of the richest countries in the world,
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ืื—ืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืขืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื,
00:51
Qatar has no tradition of playing football and
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ืœืงื˜ืืจ ืื™ืŸ ืžืกื•ืจืช ืœืฉื—ืง ื›ื“ื•ืจื’ืœ ื•ื—ืœืงื
00:54
some have criticised the focus on money
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ืžืชื—ื• ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืขืœ ื”ื”ืชืžืงื“ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืกืฃ
00:56
instead of sport.
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ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื‘ืกืคื•ืจื˜.
00:57
And there are other criticisms too โ€“ about
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ื•ื™ืฉ ื’ื ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช - ืขืœ
00:59
human rights and the treatment of the migrant
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ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืื“ื ื•ื”ื™ื—ืก ืœืžื”ื’ืจื™
01:02
construction workers who built the football
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ืคื•ืขืœื™ ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื‘ื ื• ืืช
01:04
stadiums, roads, transport systems and hotels
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ืืฆื˜ื“ื™ื•ื ื™ ื”ื›ื“ื•ืจื’ืœ, ื”ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื, ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ื•ื”ืžืœื•ื ื•ืช
01:07
without which the World Cup could not happen.
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ืฉื‘ืœืขื“ื™ื”ื ื”ืžื•ื ื“ื™ืืœ ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื”ื™ื” ืœืงืจื•ืช.
01:10
In this programme weโ€™ll be asking:
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ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื–ื• ื ืฉืืœ:
01:12
is it right for
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ื”ืื ืžืชืื™ื
01:13
Qatar to host the World Cup?
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ืœืงื˜ืืจ ืœืืจื— ืืช ื”ืžื•ื ื“ื™ืืœ?
01:14
And of course,
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ื•ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ,
01:15
weโ€™ll be learning some new and useful
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ื ืœืžื“
01:17
vocabulary as well.
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ื’ื ืื•ืฆืจ ืžื™ืœื™ื ื—ื“ืฉ ื•ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื™.
01:18
But before that I have a question for you Beth.
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ืื‘ืœ ืœืคื ื™ ื–ื” ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ืฉืืœื” ืืœื™ืš ื‘ืช'.
01:21
Which country has won the World Cup
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ืื™ื–ื• ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื–ื›ืชื”
01:23
the most times?
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ื”ื›ื™ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืคืขืžื™ื ื‘ืžื•ื ื“ื™ืืœ?
01:24
Is it: a) Italy b) Brazil or, c) Germany?
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ื”ืื ื–ื”: ื) ืื™ื˜ืœื™ื” ื‘) ื‘ืจื–ื™ืœ ืื•, ื’) ื’ืจืžื ื™ื”?
01:28
I think it must be Brazil.
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื–ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืจื–ื™ืœ.
01:30
OK, Iโ€™ll reveal the answer at the end of
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ื‘ืกื“ืจ, ืื ื™ ืื’ืœื” ืืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื‘ืกื•ืฃ
01:32
the programme.
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ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช.
01:33
Advertising for the Qatar World Cup shows
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ืคืจืกื•ื ืœืžื•ื ื“ื™ืืœ ืงื˜ืืจ ืžืฆื™ื’
01:35
football fans staying in new hotels and
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ืื•ื”ื“ื™ ื›ื“ื•ืจื’ืœ ืฉื•ื”ื™ื ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ืžืœื•ืŸ ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ื•ืฆื•ืคื™ื ื‘ืžืฉื—ืงื™ื
01:38
watching matches in air-conditioned stadiums.
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ื‘ืืฆื˜ื“ื™ื•ื ื™ื ืžืžื•ื–ื’ื™ื.
01:40
But hidden behind this, the lives of the migrant
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ืื‘ืœ ืžืกืชืชืจื™ื ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ ื–ื”, ื—ื™ื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ืžื”ื’ืจื™
01:43
workers from Nepal, India and other South Asian
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ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžื ืคืืœ, ื”ื•ื“ื• ื•ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช ื‘ื“ืจื•ื ืืกื™ื”
01:46
countries reveal a very different story.
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ื—ื•ืฉืคื™ื ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืฉื•ื ื” ืžืื•ื“.
01:49
The population of Qatar is tiny and 95% of
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ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ืช ืงื˜ืืจ ื–ืขื™ืจื” ื•-95%
01:53
the total workforce are foreigners
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ืžื›ื•ื— ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ื›ื•ืœืœ ื”ื ื–ืจื™ื
01:55
working in extreme heat,
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ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ื ืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™,
01:57
housed in poor quality accommodation,
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ืฉื•ื›ื ื™ื ื‘ื—ื“ืจื™ ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื™ืจื•ื“ื”,
01:59
and often underpaid.
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ื•ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืฉื›ืจ ื ืžื•ืš.
02:01
Rothna Begum, a researcher for Human
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ืจื•ืชื ื” ื‘ื’ื•ื, ื—ื•ืงืจืช ืžืืจื’ื•ืŸ Human
02:03
Rights Watch, explained their situation
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Rights Watch, ื”ืกื‘ื™ืจื” ืืช ืžืฆื‘ื
02:05
to BBC World Service programme,
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ืœืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช BBC World Service,
02:07
Business Daily:
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Business Daily:
02:08
Weโ€™re still recording and documenting
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืชืขื“ื™ื ื•ืžืชืขื“ื™ื
02:11
migrant workers facing abuse
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ืžื”ื’ืจื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ื‘ืคื ื™ ื”ืชืขืœืœื•ืช
02:12
and exploitation in Qatar.
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ื•ื ื™ืฆื•ืœ ื‘ืงื˜ืืจ.
02:14
They include workers reporting having
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ื”ื ื›ื•ืœืœื™ื ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื”ืžื“ื•ื•ื—ื™ื ืฉืฉื™ืœืžื•
02:17
paid exorbitant and illegal recruitment fees
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ืขืžืœื•ืช ื’ื™ื•ืก ืžื•ืคืจื–ื•ืช ื•ืœื ื—ื•ืงื™ื•ืช
02:20
to secure work abroad on two-year contracts,
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ื—ื•"ืœ ื‘ื—ื•ื–ื™ื ืœืฉื ืชื™ื™ื,
02:22
and then finding out theyโ€™re
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ื•ืื– ืžื’ืœื™ื ืฉื”ื
02:23
coming on three-month visas,
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ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืขื ื•ื™ื–ื•ืช ืœืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื,
02:25
which means that they're not able
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ืžื” ืฉืื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ื ืœื ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื
02:26
to make up or recoup
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ืœืคืฆื•ืช ืื• ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ
02:28
the price that they've paid to actually get
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ืืช ื”ืžื—ื™ืจ ืฉื”ื ืฉื™ืœืžื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช
02:30
this job, and may well be
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ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ื–ื•, ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉื”ื
02:31
sent home in debt on top
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ื™ื™ืฉืœื—ื• ื”ื‘ื™ืชื” ืขื ื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื ื•ืกืฃ
02:34
of everything else.
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02:34
Migrant workers face exploitation.
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ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืฉืืจ.
ืžื”ื’ืจื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ื‘ืคื ื™ ื ื™ืฆื•ืœ.
02:37
Exploitation means treating someone
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ื ื™ืฆื•ืœ ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื• ืœื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืœืžื™ืฉื”ื•
02:39
unfairly to get some advantage for yourself.
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ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืœื ื”ื•ื’ื ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ื™ืชืจื•ืŸ ืžืกื•ื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืขืฆืžืš.
02:42
Many of the World Cup workers were
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ืจื‘ื™ื ืžืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ื”ืžื•ื ื“ื™ืืœ
02:45
exploited by being paid less
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ื ื•ืฆืœื• ื‘ื›ืš ืฉืฉื™ืœืžื• ืคื—ื•ืช
02:46
than agreed, being
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ืžื”ืžื•ืกื›ื, ืงื™ื‘ืœื•
02:48
paid late, or not being paid at all.
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ืฉื›ืจ ื‘ืื™ื—ื•ืจ ืื• ืฉืœื ืงื™ื‘ืœื• ืฉื›ืจ ื›ืœืœ.
02:50
The construction jobs seemed
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ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ื ืจืื•
02:52
a good opportunity for migrant workers
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ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืœืžื”ื’ืจื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”
02:54
to save money to send home
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ืœื—ืกื•ืš ื›ืกืฃ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืœื•ื— ื”ื‘ื™ืชื”
02:56
to their families.
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ืœืžืฉืคื—ื•ืชื™ื”ื.
02:57
Many paid exorbitant fees โ€“
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ืจื‘ื™ื ืฉื™ืœืžื• ืขืžืœื•ืช ืžื•ืคืจื–ื•ืช -
03:00
fees which were much bigger
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ืขืžืœื•ืช ืฉื”ื™ื• ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช
03:01
than they should be, just
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ืžืžื” ืฉื”ืŸ ืืžื•ืจื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช, ืจืง
03:02
to get a job in Qatar.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžืฆื•ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืงื˜ืืจ.
03:04
But despite being given two-year
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ืื‘ืœ ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื ื™ืชื ื•
03:06
job contracts, some workers were
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ื—ื•ื–ื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืœืฉื ืชื™ื™ื, ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื
03:07
only allowed to stay three months.
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ื”ื•ืจืฉื• ืœื”ื™ืฉืืจ ืจืง ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื.
03:09
Because they couldnโ€™t make
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ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื ืœื ื™ื›ืœื• ืœื”ืจื•ื•ื™ื—
03:10
enough money, many returned
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ืžืกืคื™ืง ื›ืกืฃ, ืจื‘ื™ื ื—ื–ืจื•
03:12
home in debt โ€“ owing money to
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ื”ื‘ื™ืชื” ืขื ื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช - ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ื›ืกืฃ
03:14
someone that they will
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ืœืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืฉื”ื
03:15
have to pay back.
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ื™ืฆื˜ืจื›ื• ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ.
03:17
Whatโ€™s worse, many have
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ืžื” ืฉื’ืจื•ืข ืžื›ืš, ืจื‘ื™ื
03:18
died building the football stadiums,
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ืžืชื• ื‘ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ืืฆื˜ื“ื™ื•ื ื™ ื”ื›ื“ื•ืจื’ืœ,
03:20
in accidents, or due to
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ื‘ืชืื•ื ื•ืช, ืื• ืขืงื‘
03:21
overwork and heat stress.
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ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื™ืชืจ ื•ืœื—ืฅ ื—ื•ื.
03:23
So, with all this criticism,
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ืื–, ืขื ื›ืœ ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ื–ื•,
03:25
added to the billions of dollars
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ืฉื ื•ืกืคื” ืœืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ื™ ื”ื“ื•ืœืจื™ื
03:27
Qatar spent preparing for the
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ืฉื”ื•ืฆื™ืื” ืงื˜ืืจ ื‘ื”ื›ื ื•ืช
03:29
competition, was it worth it?
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ืœืชื—ืจื•ืช, ื”ืื ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืฉื•ื•ื” ืืช ื–ื”?
03:31
James Dawsey is an expert on the
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ื’'ื™ื™ืžืก ื“ืื•ื–ื™ ื”ื•ื ืžื•ืžื—ื” ืœืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงื”
03:33
politics of football in the
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ืฉืœ ื›ื“ื•ืจื’ืœ
03:35
Middle East.
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ื‘ืžื–ืจื— ื”ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ.
03:36
Here he explains to BBC World
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ื›ืืŸ ื”ื•ื ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ืœ-BBC World
03:38
Serviceโ€™s, Business Daily,
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Service, Business Daily,
03:39
that for Qatar, hosting the World Cup
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ืฉืขื‘ื•ืจ ืงื˜ืืจ, ืื™ืจื•ื— ื”ืžื•ื ื“ื™ืืœ
03:42
is more about improving its
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ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ ืฉื™ืคื•ืจ
03:44
international reputation than economics:
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ื”ืžื•ื ื™ื˜ื™ืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ ืฉืœื” ืžืืฉืจ ื‘ื›ืœื›ืœื”:
03:46
But this is not about economics for Qatar.
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืœื ืงืฉื•ืจ ืœื›ืœื›ืœื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืงื˜ืืจ.
03:49
Qatar is a small state.
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ืงื˜ืืจ ื”ื™ื ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืงื˜ื ื”.
03:51
It is sandwiched between
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ื”ื•ื ื›ืจื•ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ
03:53
two regional behemoths:
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ืฉื ื™ ื‘ื”ืžื•ืช ืื–ื•ืจื™ื™ื: ืขืจื‘
03:55
Saudi Arabia and Iran.
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ื”ืกืขื•ื“ื™ืช ื•ืื™ืจืืŸ.
03:57
And so its whole policy
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ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื›ืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื”
04:00
is geared towards soft power,
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ืžื›ื•ื•ื ืช ืœื›ื•ื— ืจืš,
04:03
whether that's sports, whether
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ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ื–ื” ืกืคื•ืจื˜, ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื
04:05
that's the airport and the airlineโ€ฆ
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ื–ื” ืฉื“ื” ื”ืชืขื•ืคื” ื•ื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ืชืขื•ืคื”...
04:08
Qatar may be rich
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ืงื˜ืืจ ืื•ืœื™ ืขืฉื™ืจื”
04:09
thanks to its oil,
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ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ื”ื ืคื˜ ืฉืœื”,
04:10
but itโ€™s not a large country
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื ืœื ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื”
04:12
unlike neighbouring Saudi Arabia
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ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœืฉื›ื ื•ืช ืขืจื‘ ื”ืกืขื•ื“ื™ืช
04:14
and Iran, countries which
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ื•ืื™ืจืืŸ, ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช
04:15
James Dawsey called behemoths โ€“
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ืฉื’'ื™ื™ืžืก ื“ืื•ื–ื™ ื›ื™ื ื”. ื‘ื”ืžื•ืช -
04:18
something which is extremely large
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ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื”ื•ื ื’ื“ื•ืœ
04:20
and powerful.
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ื•ื—ื–ืง ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“.
04:21
Qatar is sandwiched
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ืงื˜ืืจ ื“ื—ื•ืกื”
04:22
between these larger counties.
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ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื—ื•ื–ื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื”ืืœื”.
04:24
If youโ€™re sandwiched between two
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ืื ืืชื” ื“ื—ื•ืง ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื ื™
04:26
things youโ€™re in a narrow,
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ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืืชื” ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืจื•ื•ื— ืฆืจ ื•ืฆืคื•ืฃ
04:28
tight space between them.
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ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื.
04:29
Because Qatar isnโ€™t as powerful
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ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืงื˜ืืจ ืื™ื ื” ื—ื–ืงื”
04:31
as itโ€™s bigger neighbours,
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ื›ืžื• ืฉื›ื ื•ืชื™ื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ,
04:32
it uses soft power โ€“ the way a
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ื”ื™ื ืžืฉืชืžืฉืช ื‘ื›ื•ื— ืจืš - ื”ื“ืจืš ืฉื‘ื”
04:35
country uses its economic and
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ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืฉืชืžืฉืช ื‘ื”ืฉืคืขื” ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช ื•ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืชื™ืช ืฉืœื”
04:37
cultural influence to persuade
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉื›ื ืข
04:39
other countries, instead of
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ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช, ื‘ืžืงื•ื
04:40
using military power.
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ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื›ื•ื— ืฆื‘ืื™.
04:42
Hosting an important international
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ืื™ืจื•ื— ืื™ืจื•ืข ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ ื—ืฉื•ื‘
04:44
event like the World Cup is a part of
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ื›ืžื• ื’ื‘ื™ืข ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื•ื ื—ืœืง
04:46
Qatarโ€™s soft power strategy
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ืžืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื™ืช ื”ื›ื•ื— ื”ืจื›ื” ืฉืœ ืงื˜ืืจ
04:48
to be considered an important
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ืœื”ื™ื—ืฉื‘ ืœืžื“ื™ื ื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื”
04:50
country on the world stage.
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ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืžื” ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช.
04:51
Whatever the rights
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ื™ื”ื™ื• ื”ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช
04:53
and wrongs of the debate,
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ื•ื”ืขื•ื•ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ืืฉืจ ื™ื”ื™ื•,
04:54
this will be the first Arab nation
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ื–ื• ืชื”ื™ื” ื”ืื•ืžื” ื”ืขืจื‘ื™ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”
04:56
to host the World Cup,
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ืฉืชืืจื— ืืช ื”ืžื•ื ื“ื™ืืœ,
04:57
although itโ€™s unlikely that the Qatari
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ืื ื›ื™ ืœื ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืฉื ื‘ื—ืจืช ืงื˜ืืจ
04:59
team will actually win -
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ืชื–ื›ื” ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ -
05:00
unlike a more famous footballing nation,
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ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœืื•ืžื” ืžืคื•ืจืกืžืช ื™ื•ืชืจ,
05:03
Italy, who won the first World
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ืื™ื˜ืœื™ื”, ืฉื–ื›ืชื” ื‘ืžื•ื ื“ื™ืืœ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ
05:05
Cup they hosted in 1934.
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ืฉืื™ืจื—ื”. ื‘ืฉื ืช 1934.
05:07
And speaking of World Cup winners,
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ื•ืื ื›ื‘ืจ ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื–ื•ื›ื™ ื’ื‘ื™ืข ื”ืขื•ืœื,
05:10
what was the answer to your question, Neil?
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ืžื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืœืฉืืœืชืš, ื ื™ืœ?
05:11
Which country has won the most World Cups?
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ืื™ื–ื• ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื–ื›ืชื” ื”ื›ื™ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื•ื ื“ื™ืืœื™ื?
05:14
I guessed it was Brazilโ€ฆ
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ื ื™ื—ืฉืชื™ ืฉื–ื• ื‘ืจื–ื™ืœ...
05:15
Which wasโ€ฆ. the correct answer of course!
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ืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื”... ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื” ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ!
05:18
With five title wins, Brazil
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ืขื ื—ืžืฉ ื–ื›ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืชืืจื™ื, ื‘ืจื–ื™ืœ
05:20
is the most successful World Cup
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ื”ื™ื ื ื‘ื—ืจืช ื”ืžื•ื ื“ื™ืืœ ื”ืžืฆืœื™ื—ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ
05:22
team followed closely by Italy and
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ื•ืื—ืจื™ื” ืื™ื˜ืœื™ื” ื•ื’ืจืžื ื™ื”
05:24
Germany with four titles each.
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ืขื ืืจื‘ืขื” ืชืืจื™ื ื›ืœ ืื—ืช.
05:26
OK, letโ€™s recap the vocabulary weโ€™ve learned
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ื‘ืกื“ืจ, ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืกื›ื ืืช ืื•ืฆืจ ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื ืฉืœืžื“ื ื•
05:28
starting with exploitation -
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ื”ื—ืœ ืžื ื™ืฆื•ืœ -
05:30
treating someone unfairly in
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ื™ื—ืก ืœื ื”ื•ื’ืŸ ื‘ืžื™ืฉื”ื•
05:32
order to benefit yourself.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื•ืขื™ืœ ืœืขืฆืžื›ื.
05:34
If the price of something is exorbitant,
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ืื ื”ืžื—ื™ืจ ืฉืœ ืžืฉื”ื• ืžื•ืคืงืข,
05:36
itโ€™s much higher than it should be.
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ื”ื•ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื’ื‘ื•ื” ืžืžื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืืžื•ืจ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช.
05:38
A debt is an amount of money
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ื—ื•ื‘ ื”ื•ื ืกื›ื•ื ื›ืกืฃ
05:40
that you owe to someone else.
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ืฉืืชื” ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืื—ืจ.
05:42
A behemoth refers to something
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ื‘ื”ืžื•ืช ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืœืžืฉื”ื•
05:44
which is extremely large and powerful.
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ืฉื”ื•ื ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื•ื—ื–ืง ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“.
05:46
And if youโ€™re sandwiched between
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ื•ืื ืืชื” ื“ื—ื•ืง ื‘ื™ืŸ
05:48
two things, youโ€™re in a in a tight,
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ืฉื ื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื, ืืชื” ื ืžืฆื
05:49
narrow space between them.
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ื‘ืžืจื•ื•ื— ืฆืจ ื•ืฆืจ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื.
05:51
And finally, soft power describes
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ื•ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ, ื›ื•ื— ืจืš ืžืชืืจ
05:53
strategies used by a country to increase
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ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื”ืŸ ืžืฉืชืžืฉืช ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื’ื‘ื™ืจ ืืช
05:56
its power through economic
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ื›ื•ื—ื” ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช
05:57
and cultural influences,
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ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื•ืช ื•ืชืจื‘ื•ืชื™ื•ืช,
05:59
instead of fighting wars.
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ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœื”ื™ืœื—ื ื‘ืžืœื—ืžื•ืช.
06:00
Once again, our six minutes are up.
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ืฉื•ื‘, ืฉืฉ ื”ื“ืงื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ื ื’ืžืจื•.
06:03
Goodbye for now!
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ืœื”ืชืจืื•ืช ืœื‘ื™ื ืชื™ื™ื!
06:04
Bye!
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ื‘ื™ื™!
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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