Qatar's World Cup workers - 6 Minute English

161,078 views ใƒป 2022-11-17

BBC Learning English


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋œ ์ž๋ง‰์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:06
Hello. This is 6 Minute English from
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์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”. BBC Learning English์˜ 6๋ถ„ ์˜์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:08
BBC Learning English. Iโ€™m Neil.
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. ์ €๋Š” ๋‹์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:10
And Iโ€™m Beth.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €๋Š” ๋ฒ ์Šค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:11
Every four years the best players in the
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4๋…„๋งˆ๋‹ค ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ˆ˜
00:14
world gather for one month in the summer
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๋“ค์ด ์—ฌ๋ฆ„ ํ•œ ๋‹ฌ ๋™์•ˆ ๋ชจ์—ฌ
00:16
to take part in the biggest event in football โ€“
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์ถ•๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ํ–‰์‚ฌ
00:19
the World Cup.
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์ธ ์›”๋“œ์ปต์— ์ฐธ๊ฐ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:20
But this year, for the first time ever, the
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์˜ฌํ•ด๋Š” ์‚ฌ์ƒ ์ฒ˜์Œ
00:23
competition is taking place in winter.
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์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒจ์šธ์— ๋Œ€ํšŒ๊ฐ€ ์—ด๋ฆฐ๋‹ค.
00:25
Why? Because the 2022 World Cup is
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์™œ? 2022๋…„ ์นดํƒ€๋ฅด ์›”๋“œ์ปต์ด ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ
00:28
happening in Qatar.
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์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 11์›” 20์ผ ๊ฐœ๋ง‰ํ•˜๋Š” ์›”๋“œ์ปต์„ ์œ„ํ•ด
00:29
Over a million fans from all over the world
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์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ 100๋งŒ ๋ช… ์ด์ƒ์˜ ํŒฌ๋“ค์ด
00:32
are expected to visit Qatar for the World Cup
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์นดํƒ€๋ฅด๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋œ๋‹ค
00:35
which starts on the 20th of November.
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.
00:37
Because temperatures in Qatar exceed 45
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์นดํƒ€๋ฅด
00:40
degrees in the summer, the competition
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์˜ ์—ฌ๋ฆ„ ๊ธฐ์˜จ์ด 45๋„๋ฅผ ๋„˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋Œ€ํšŒ
00:42
was moved to the winter.
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๋Š” ๊ฒจ์šธ๋กœ ์˜ฎ๊ฒจ์กŒ๋‹ค.
00:44
But the decision to hold the World Cup
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ž‘๊ณ  ์„์œ ๊ฐ€ ํ’๋ถ€ํ•œ ๊ฑธํ”„ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์—์„œ ์›”๋“œ์ปต์„ ๊ฐœ์ตœํ•˜๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ์ •
00:46
in the tiny, oil-rich Gulf
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00:47
state has been controversial.
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์€ ๋…ผ๋ž€์˜ ์—ฌ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:49
One of the richest countries in the world,
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์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋ถ€์œ ํ•œ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ธ
00:51
Qatar has no tradition of playing football and
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์นดํƒ€๋ฅด๋Š” ์ถ•๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ „ํ†ต์ด ์—†์œผ๋ฉฐ
00:54
some have criticised the focus on money
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์ผ๋ถ€๋Š” ์Šคํฌ์ธ  ๋Œ€์‹  ๋ˆ์— ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋งž์ถ”๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋น„ํŒํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:56
instead of sport.
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.
00:57
And there are other criticisms too โ€“ about
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
00:59
human rights and the treatment of the migrant
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01:02
construction workers who built the football
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์ถ•๊ตฌ
01:04
stadiums, roads, transport systems and hotels
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๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์žฅ, ๋„๋กœ, ๊ตํ†ต ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ, ํ˜ธํ…”
01:07
without which the World Cup could not happen.
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์„ ๊ฑด์„คํ•œ ์ด์ฃผ ๊ฑด์„ค ๋…ธ๋™์ž๋“ค์˜ ์ธ๊ถŒ๊ณผ ์ฒ˜์šฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋น„ํŒ๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:10
In this programme weโ€™ll be asking:
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์ด ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฌป๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค:
01:12
is it right for
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01:13
Qatar to host the World Cup?
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์นดํƒ€๋ฅด๊ฐ€ ์›”๋“œ์ปต์„ ๊ฐœ์ตœํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์˜ณ์€๊ฐ€?
01:14
And of course,
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๋ฌผ๋ก 
01:15
weโ€™ll be learning some new and useful
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์ƒˆ๋กญ๊ณ  ์œ ์šฉํ•œ
01:17
vocabulary as well.
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์–ดํœ˜๋„ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:18
But before that I have a question for you Beth.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ ์ „์— Beth์—๊ฒŒ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:21
Which country has won the World Cup
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์›”๋“œ์ปต์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์ด ์šฐ์Šนํ•œ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋Š”?
01:23
the most times?
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01:24
Is it: a) Italy b) Brazil or, c) Germany?
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a) ์ดํƒˆ๋ฆฌ์•„ b) ๋ธŒ๋ผ์งˆ ๋˜๋Š” c) ๋…์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
01:28
I think it must be Brazil.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ธŒ๋ผ์งˆ์ด์–ด์•ผํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:30
OK, Iโ€™ll reveal the answer at the end of
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์•Œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ด ๋๋‚  ๋•Œ ๋‹ต์„ ๊ณต๊ฐœํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:32
the programme.
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.
01:33
Advertising for the Qatar World Cup shows
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์นดํƒ€๋ฅด ์›”๋“œ์ปต ๊ด‘๊ณ ๋Š”
01:35
football fans staying in new hotels and
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์ถ•๊ตฌ ํŒฌ๋“ค์ด ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํ˜ธํ…”์— ๋จธ๋ฌผ๋ฉฐ
01:38
watching matches in air-conditioned stadiums.
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์—์–ด์ปจ์ด ์„ค์น˜๋œ ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์žฅ์—์„œ ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ด€๋žŒํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:40
But hidden behind this, the lives of the migrant
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ ์ด๋ฉด์— ์ˆจ๊ฒจ์ง„
01:43
workers from Nepal, India and other South Asian
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๋„คํŒ”, ์ธ๋„ ๋ฐ ๊ธฐํƒ€ ๋‚จ์•„์‹œ์•„ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์—์„œ ์˜จ ์ด์ฃผ ๋…ธ๋™์ž๋“ค์˜ ์‚ถ์€
01:46
countries reveal a very different story.
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๋งค์šฐ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:49
The population of Qatar is tiny and 95% of
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์นดํƒ€๋ฅด์˜ ์ธ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ์ ๊ณ  ์ „์ฒด ์ธ๋ ฅ์˜ 95%๋Š”
01:53
the total workforce are foreigners
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01:55
working in extreme heat,
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๊ทน์‹ฌํ•œ ๋”์œ„ ์†์—์„œ ์ผํ•˜๋Š” ์™ธ๊ตญ์ธ
01:57
housed in poor quality accommodation,
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์ด๋ฉฐ ์—ด์•…ํ•œ ์ˆ™์†Œ์— ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ
01:59
and often underpaid.
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ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ข…์ข… ๊ธ‰์—ฌ๋„ ์ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:01
Rothna Begum, a researcher for Human
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Human Rights Watch์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์›์ธ Rothna Begum
02:03
Rights Watch, explained their situation
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02:05
to BBC World Service programme,
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์€ BBC World Service ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ธ
02:07
Business Daily:
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Business Daily์— ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:08
Weโ€™re still recording and documenting
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์นดํƒ€๋ฅด์—์„œ
02:11
migrant workers facing abuse
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ํ•™๋Œ€์™€ ์ฐฉ์ทจ์— ์ง๋ฉดํ•œ ์ด์ฃผ ๋…ธ๋™์ž๋“ค์„ ๊ธฐ๋กํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฌธ์„œํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:12
and exploitation in Qatar.
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.
02:14
They include workers reporting having
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—๋Š”
02:17
paid exorbitant and illegal recruitment fees
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02:20
to secure work abroad on two-year contracts,
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2๋…„ ๊ณ„์•ฝ์œผ๋กœ ํ•ด์™ธ์—์„œ ์ผ์ž๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ„ฐ๋ฌด๋‹ˆ์—†๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ฒ•์ ์ธ ์ฑ„์šฉ ๋น„์šฉ์„ ์ง€๋ถˆํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณด๊ณ 
02:22
and then finding out theyโ€™re
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ํ•œ ํ›„
02:23
coming on three-month visas,
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3๊ฐœ์›” ๋น„์ž๋กœ ์˜จ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋œ ๊ทผ๋กœ์ž๊ฐ€ ํฌํ•จ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:25
which means that they're not able
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02:26
to make up or recoup
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02:28
the price that they've paid to actually get
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ด ์ผ์ž๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์–ป๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ˆ์„ ์ง€๋ถˆํ–ˆ๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ
02:30
this job, and may well be
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02:31
sent home in debt on top
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์œ„์— ๋นš์„ ์ง€๊ณ  ์ง‘์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๋‚ด์งˆ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:34
of everything else.
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02:34
Migrant workers face exploitation.
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.
์ด์ฃผ ๋…ธ๋™์ž๋“ค์€ ์ฐฉ์ทจ์— ์ง๋ฉดํ•ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:37
Exploitation means treating someone
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์ฐฉ์ทจ๋ž€
02:39
unfairly to get some advantage for yourself.
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์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ด์ต์„ ์–ป๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋ถ€๋‹นํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋Œ€์šฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:42
Many of the World Cup workers were
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๋งŽ์€ ์›”๋“œ์ปต ๋…ธ๋™์ž๋“ค์ด
02:45
exploited by being paid less
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02:46
than agreed, being
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ํ•ฉ์˜๋œ ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ ์€
02:48
paid late, or not being paid at all.
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๊ธ‰์—ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋Šฆ๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ›๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ „ํ˜€ ๋ฐ›์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ฐฉ์ทจ๋‹นํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:50
The construction jobs seemed
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๊ฑด์„ค์—…
02:52
a good opportunity for migrant workers
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์€ ์ด์ฃผ๋…ธ๋™์ž
02:54
to save money to send home
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๋“ค์ด ๋ˆ์„ ๋ชจ์•„
02:56
to their families.
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๊ฐ€์กฑ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋ณด๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ข‹์€ ๊ธฐํšŒ๋กœ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค.
02:57
Many paid exorbitant fees โ€“
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๋งŽ์€ ์ง€๋ถˆ๋œ ํ„ฐ๋ฌด๋‹ˆ์—†๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ˆ˜๋ฃŒ โ€“
03:00
fees which were much bigger
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03:01
than they should be, just
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๋‹จ์ง€
03:02
to get a job in Qatar.
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์นดํƒ€๋ฅด์—์„œ ์ผ์ž๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์–ป๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ํฐ ์ˆ˜์ˆ˜๋ฃŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:04
But despite being given two-year
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ 2๋…„์˜ ๊ทผ๋กœ๊ณ„์•ฝ์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜์Œ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ 
03:06
job contracts, some workers were
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์ผ๋ถ€ ๋…ธ๋™์ž๋“ค์€
03:07
only allowed to stay three months.
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3๊ฐœ์›”๋งŒ ๊ทผ๋ฌดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.
03:09
Because they couldnโ€™t make
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03:10
enough money, many returned
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์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ๋ˆ์„ ๋ฒŒ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค
03:12
home in debt โ€“ owing money to
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์ด ๋นš์„ ์ง€๊ณ  ์ง‘์œผ๋กœ
03:14
someone that they will
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03:15
have to pay back.
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๋Œ์•„๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฐš์•„์•ผ ํ•  ๋ˆ์„ ๋นš์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:17
Whatโ€™s worse, many have
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์„ค์ƒ๊ฐ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด
03:18
died building the football stadiums,
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์ถ•๊ตฌ ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์žฅ์„ ์ง“
03:20
in accidents, or due to
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๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋งํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
03:21
overwork and heat stress.
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๊ณผ๋กœ์™€ ํญ์—ผ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:23
So, with all this criticism,
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์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๋น„ํŒ์—
03:25
added to the billions of dollars
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03:27
Qatar spent preparing for the
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์นดํƒ€๋ฅด๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€ํšŒ๋ฅผ ์ค€๋น„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์†Œ๋น„ํ•œ ์ˆ˜์‹ญ์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ
03:29
competition, was it worth it?
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์— ๋”ํ•ด ๊ทธ๋Ÿด ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
03:31
James Dawsey is an expert on the
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James Dawsey
03:33
politics of football in the
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๋Š” ์ค‘๋™ ์ถ•๊ตฌ ์ •์น˜ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:35
Middle East.
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.
03:36
Here he explains to BBC World
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ๊ทธ๋Š” BBC World
03:38
Serviceโ€™s, Business Daily,
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Service์˜ Business Daily
03:39
that for Qatar, hosting the World Cup
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์— ์นดํƒ€๋ฅด์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์›”๋“œ์ปต ๊ฐœ์ตœ
03:42
is more about improving its
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๊ฐ€
03:44
international reputation than economics:
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๊ฒฝ์ œ๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ตญ์ œ์  ๋ช…์„ฑ์„ ๋†’์ด๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋” ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:46
But this is not about economics for Qatar.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์นดํƒ€๋ฅด์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:49
Qatar is a small state.
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์นดํƒ€๋ฅด๋Š” ์ž‘์€ ์ฃผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:51
It is sandwiched between
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์‚ฌ์šฐ๋””์•„๋ผ๋น„์•„์™€ ์ด๋ž€
03:53
two regional behemoths:
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์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‘ ์ง€์—ญ ๊ฑฐ๋ฌผ ์‚ฌ์ด์— ๋ผ์–ด
03:55
Saudi Arabia and Iran.
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์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:57
And so its whole policy
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์นดํƒ€๋ฅด์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ •์ฑ…
04:00
is geared towards soft power,
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์€ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธํŒŒ์›Œ์— ๋งž์ถฐ์ ธ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:03
whether that's sports, whether
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๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ์Šคํฌ์ธ ๋“ 
04:05
that's the airport and the airlineโ€ฆ
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, ๊ณตํ•ญ์ด๋“ , ํ•ญ๊ณต์‚ฌ๋“ โ€ฆ
04:08
Qatar may be rich
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04:09
thanks to its oil,
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04:10
but itโ€™s not a large country
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04:12
unlike neighbouring Saudi Arabia
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04:14
and Iran, countries which
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04:15
James Dawsey called behemoths โ€“
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๋ฒ ํžˆ๋ชจ์Šค
04:18
something which is extremely large
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โ€“ ๋งค์šฐ
04:20
and powerful.
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ํฌ๊ณ  ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ๊ฒƒ.
04:21
Qatar is sandwiched
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์นดํƒ€๋ฅด๋Š”
04:22
between these larger counties.
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์ด ํฐ ์นด์šดํ‹ฐ ์‚ฌ์ด์— ๋ผ์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:24
If youโ€™re sandwiched between two
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๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์‚ฌ์ด์—
04:26
things youโ€™re in a narrow,
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๋ผ์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ข๊ณ 
04:28
tight space between them.
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์ข์€ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:29
Because Qatar isnโ€™t as powerful
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์นดํƒ€๋ฅด๋Š”
04:31
as itโ€™s bigger neighbours,
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๋” ํฐ ์ด์›ƒ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋งŒํผ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ๋ ฅ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€์‹  ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์„ค๋“ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ , ๋ฌธํ™”์  ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ
04:32
it uses soft power โ€“ the way a
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์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์ธ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ ํŒŒ์›Œ
04:35
country uses its economic and
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04:37
cultural influence to persuade
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04:39
other countries, instead of
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๋ฅผ
04:40
using military power.
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์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:42
Hosting an important international
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04:44
event like the World Cup is a part of
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์›”๋“œ์ปต๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ตญ์ œ ํ–‰์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ์ตœํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ๋ฌด๋Œ€์—์„œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋กœ ๊ฐ„์ฃผ๋˜๊ธฐ
04:46
Qatarโ€™s soft power strategy
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์œ„ํ•œ ์นดํƒ€๋ฅด์˜ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ ํŒŒ์›Œ ์ „๋žต์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:48
to be considered an important
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04:50
country on the world stage.
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. ๋…ผ์Ÿ
04:51
Whatever the rights
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์˜ ์˜ณ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋ฆ„์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ด๋“ ,
04:53
and wrongs of the debate,
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04:54
this will be the first Arab nation
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04:56
to host the World Cup,
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04:57
although itโ€™s unlikely that the Qatari
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์นดํƒ€๋ฅด ํŒ€์ด ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์šฐ์Šนํ•  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์€ ๋‚ฎ์ง€๋งŒ
04:59
team will actually win -
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05:00
unlike a more famous footballing nation,
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, ๋” ์œ ๋ช…ํ•œ ์ถ•๊ตฌ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์ธ
05:03
Italy, who won the first World
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์ดํƒˆ๋ฆฌ์•„๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ์ตœํ•œ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์›”๋“œ์ปต์—์„œ ์šฐ์Šนํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ์•„๋ž ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋Š”
05:05
Cup they hosted in 1934.
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์›”๋“œ์ปต์„ ๊ฐœ์ตœํ•˜๋Š” ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์•„๋ž ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 1934๋…„.
05:07
And speaking of World Cup winners,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์›”๋“œ์ปต ์šฐ์Šน์ž์—
05:10
what was the answer to your question, Neil?
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๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งํ•˜์ž๋ฉด, ๋‹, ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‹ต์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
05:11
Which country has won the most World Cups?
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์›”๋“œ์ปต์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์ด ์šฐ์Šนํ•œ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋Š”?
05:14
I guessed it was Brazilโ€ฆ
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ธŒ๋ผ์งˆ์ธ ์ค„ ์•Œ์•˜๋‹คโ€ฆ
05:15
Which wasโ€ฆ. the correct answer of course!
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์–ด๋Š ๊ฒƒ์ดโ€ฆ ๋ฌผ๋ก  ์ •๋‹ต!
05:18
With five title wins, Brazil
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5๋ฒˆ์˜ ์šฐ์Šน์„ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•œ ๋ธŒ๋ผ์งˆ
05:20
is the most successful World Cup
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์€ ์›”๋“œ์ปต์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์ธ
05:22
team followed closely by Italy and
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ํŒ€์ด๋ฉฐ ์ดํƒˆ๋ฆฌ์•„์™€
05:24
Germany with four titles each.
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๋…์ผ์ด ๊ฐ๊ฐ 4๋ฒˆ์˜ ์šฐ์Šน์„ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:26
OK, letโ€™s recap the vocabulary weโ€™ve learned
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์ข‹์•„์š”, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฐ์šด ์ฐฉ์ทจ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฐฐ์šด ์–ดํœ˜๋ฅผ ์š”์•ฝํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค
05:28
starting with exploitation -
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05:30
treating someone unfairly in
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05:32
order to benefit yourself.
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. ์ž์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ์ด์ต์„ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋ถ€๋‹นํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋Œ€์šฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:34
If the price of something is exorbitant,
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์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์˜ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์ด ํ„ฐ๋ฌด๋‹ˆ์—†๋‹ค๋ฉด,
05:36
itโ€™s much higher than it should be.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์›๋ž˜ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ๋น„์Œ‰๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:38
A debt is an amount of money
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๋ถ€์ฑ„๋Š”
05:40
that you owe to someone else.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ๋นš์ง„ ๊ธˆ์•ก์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:42
A behemoth refers to something
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๋ฒ ํ—ค๋ชจ์Šค
05:44
which is extremely large and powerful.
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๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ํฌ๊ณ  ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:46
And if youโ€™re sandwiched between
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์‚ฌ์ด์— ๋ผ์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
05:48
two things, youโ€™re in a in a tight,
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, ๋‹น์‹ ์€
05:49
narrow space between them.
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๊ทธ๋“ค ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์ข๊ณ  ์ข์€ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:51
And finally, soft power describes
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ ํŒŒ์›Œ
05:53
strategies used by a country to increase
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๋Š” ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์ „์Ÿ ๋Œ€์‹  ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ , ๋ฌธํ™”์  ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ถŒ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์ „๋žต์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:56
its power through economic
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05:57
and cultural influences,
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05:59
instead of fighting wars.
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.
06:00
Once again, our six minutes are up.
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๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ 6๋ถ„์ด ๋๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:03
Goodbye for now!
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์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์•ˆ๋…•!
06:04
Bye!
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์•ˆ๋…•!
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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