Are humans a messy species? - 6 Minute English

84,798 views ใƒป 2021-07-29

BBC Learning English


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ. ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืžืชื•ืจื’ืžื•ืช ืžืชื•ืจื’ืžื•ืช ื‘ืžื›ื•ื ื”.

00:01
Hi! Neil from BBC Learning English here.
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ื”ื™ื™! ื ื™ืœ ืž-BBC ืœื•ืžื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื›ืืŸ.
00:04
Did you know that we are now offering
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ื”ื™ื“ืขืชื ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฆื™ืขื™ื ื›ืขืช
00:06
a new weekly extra episode of 6
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ืคืจืง ื ื•ืกืฃ ืฉื‘ื•ืขื™ ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ 6
00:09
Minute English exclusively on our
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ื“ืงื•ืช ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื‘ืœืขื“ื™ืช
00:11
website? So go to
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ื‘ืืชืจ ืฉืœื ื•? ืื– ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืืœ
00:13
bbclearninenglish.com to find
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bbclearninenglish.com ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžืฆื•ื ืืช
00:16
your favourite presenters on
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ื”ืžื’ื™ืฉื™ื ื”ืื”ื•ื‘ื™ื ืขืœื™ืš
00:17
your favourite programme.
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ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืื”ื•ื‘ื” ืขืœื™ืš.
00:19
The extra episodes are only
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ื”ืคืจืงื™ื ื”ื ื•ืกืคื™ื
00:20
available on our website:
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ื–ืžื™ื ื™ื ืจืง ื‘ืืชืจ ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ืฉืœื ื•:
00:23
bbclearningenglish.com.
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bbclearningenglish.com.
00:24
See you there!
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ื ืชืจืื” ืฉื!
00:35
Hello. This is 6 Minute English from
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ืฉืœื•ื. ื–ื•ื”ื™ 6 ื“ืงื•ืช ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืžื‘ื™ืช
00:36
BBC Learning English. I'm Neil.
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BBC Learning English. ืื ื™ ื ื™ืœ.
00:39
And I'm Sam.
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ื•ืื ื™ ืกื.
00:40
If you live in a city, you're probably
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ืื ืืชื ื’ืจื™ื ื‘ืขื™ืจ, ืืชื ื‘ื•ื•ื“ืื™
00:42
familiar with this very modern sight:
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ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืจืื” ื”ืžืื•ื“ ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ ื”ื–ื”:
00:45
a man walking his dog drops a
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ืื“ื ืฉืžื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืขื ื”ื›ืœื‘ ืฉืœื• ืžืคื™ืœ
00:47
little black plastic bag into a
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ืฉืงื™ืช ื ื™ื™ืœื•ืŸ ืฉื—ื•ืจื” ืงื˜ื ื” ืœืคื—
00:48
rubbish bin. Inside the bag is
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ืืฉืคื”. ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืชื™ืง
00:51
dog poo.
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ืงืงื™ ืฉืœ ื›ืœื‘ื™ื.
00:52
It might make it seem that humans
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ืื•ืœื™ ื–ื” ื ืจืื” ืฉื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื
00:54
are hygienic creatures - certainly
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ื”ื ื™ืฆื•ืจื™ื ื”ื™ื’ื™ื™ื ื™ื™ื - ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜
00:55
cleaner than dogs, who go to the
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ื ืงื™ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื›ืœื‘ื™ื, ืฉื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื
00:57
toilet wherever they want. But is
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ืœืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืฉื”ื ืจื•ืฆื™ื. ืื‘ืœ ื”ืื
00:59
this the whole story?
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ื–ื” ื›ืœ ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ?
01:02
How do us humans compare
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ืื™ืš ืื ื—ื ื•, ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืื“ื, ื‘ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื”
01:04
with other animals when it comes
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ืœื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื ื•ื’ืข
01:05
to keeping ourselves and our
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ืœืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ื ื™ืงื™ื•ืŸ ืขืฆืžื ื• ื•ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื ื•
01:07
environment clean? In this
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? ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื–ื•
01:09
programme, we ll be asking
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, ื ืฉืืœ
01:10
whether humans as a species
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ื”ืื ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืื“ื ื›ืžื™ืŸ
01:11
are naturally clean and tidy.
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ื”ื ื ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืžืกื•ื“ืจื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื˜ื‘ืขื™.
01:14
In fact, from dumping raw
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ืœืžืขืฉื”, ืžื”ืฉืœื›ืช
01:16
sewage into rivers to littering
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ื‘ื™ื•ื‘ ื’ื•ืœืžื™ ืœื ื”ืจื•ืช ื•ืขื“ ืœื–ื‘ืœ
01:18
the streets with trash, humans
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ื‘ืจื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืืฉืคื”, ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื
01:20
aren't always good at
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ืœื ืชืžื™ื“ ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ื•ืช
01:21
dealing with waste.
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ืขื ืคืกื•ืœืช.
01:22
While some animals, on the
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ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉื—ืœืง ืžื”ื—ื™ื•ืช,
01:23
other hand, are
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ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช,
01:24
instinctively clean.
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ื ืงื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืื™ื ืกื˜ื™ื ืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™.
01:26
Right - cats for example dig a
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ื ื›ื•ืŸ - ื—ืชื•ืœื™ื ืœืžืฉืœ ื—ื•ืคืจื™ื
01:29
hole to bury their poo.
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ื‘ื•ืจ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื‘ื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืงืงื™ ืฉืœื”ื.
01:31
In the past, humans got rid of
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ื‘ืขื‘ืจ, ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืื“ื ื ืคื˜ืจื• ืžื”ืคืกื•ืœืช
01:33
their waste by throwing it into
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ืฉืœื”ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืฉืœื›ืชื” ืœืจื—ื•ื‘
01:34
the street or into streams and
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ืื• ืœื ื—ืœื™ื ื•ื ื”ืจื•ืช
01:36
rivers, hoping the water
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, ื‘ืชืงื•ื•ื” ืฉื”ืžื™ื
01:37
would wash it away.
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ื™ืฉื˜ืคื• ืื•ืชื”.
01:39
Out of sight out of mind! That's
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ืจื—ื•ืง ืžื”ืขื™ืŸ ืจื—ื•ืง ืžื”ืœื‘! ื–ื”
01:42
a phrase used to say that it's
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ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ืฉืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื•ืžืจ
01:43
easier to forget something
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ืฉืงืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืฉื›ื•ื— ืžืฉื”ื•
01:45
when you can't see it.
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ื›ืฉืœื ืจื•ืื™ื ืื•ืชื•.
01:47
But this doesn't always work, as
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืœื ืชืžื™ื“ ืขื•ื‘ื“, ื›ืคื™
01:48
we'll discover from my quiz
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ืฉื ื’ืœื”
01:49
question, Sam. In Victorian times,
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ืžื”ืฉืืœื” ืฉืœื™, ืกื. ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ื”ื•ื•ื™ืงื˜ื•ืจื™ืื ื™ืช,
01:52
the population of London boomed
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ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ืช ืœื•ื ื“ื•ืŸ ืคืจื—ื”
01:54
and so did all the pee and poo
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ื•ื›ืš ื’ื ื›ืœ ื”ืคื™ืคื™ ื•ื”ืงืงื™
01:56
being thrown into the River Thames.
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ืฉื ื–ืจืงื• ืœื ื”ืจ ื”ืชืžื–ื”.
01:58
It got so bad that by the 1850s
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ื–ื” ื ืขืฉื” ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื’ืจื•ืข ืขื“ ืฉื‘ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžืื” ื”-19
02:01
the awful smell had its own name,
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ืœืจื™ื— ื”ื ื•ืจื ื”ื™ื” ืฉื ืžืฉืœื•,
02:03
but what? Was it: A) The Great
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ืื‘ืœ ืžื”? ื”ืื ื–ื” ื”ื™ื”: ื)
02:06
Stench?, B) The Great Stink?,
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ื”ืกื™ืจื—ื•ืŸ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ?, ื‘) ื”ืกื™ืจื—ื•ืŸ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ?,
02:09
or C) The Great Smell?
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ืื• ื’) ื”ืจื™ื— ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ?
02:11
Ugh! All sounds pretty
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ืื•ืฃ! ื”ื›ืœ ื ืฉืžืข ื“ื™
02:14
disgusting, Neil, but I'll go
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ืžื’ืขื™ืœ, ื ื™ืœ, ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ืืœืš
02:15
for A) The Great Stench.
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ืขืœ ื) ื”ืกืจื—ื•ืŸ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ.
02:17
OK, Sam, we'll find out if
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ื‘ืกื“ืจ, ืกืื, ื ื’ืœื” ืื
02:19
that's right later. Earlier you
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ื–ื” ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ. ืงื•ื“ื ืœื›ืŸ
02:22
mentioned cats as examples
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ื”ื–ื›ืจืช ื—ืชื•ืœื™ื ื›ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช
02:23
of animals who hide their
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ืœื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืžืกืชื™ืจื™ื ืืช
02:25
waste, but leaf-cutter ants
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ื”ืคืกื•ืœืช ืฉืœื”ื, ืื‘ืœ ื ืžืœื™ื ื—ื•ืชื›ื•ืช ืขืœื™ื
02:27
go even further: they kill
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ื”ื•ืœื›ื•ืช ืจื—ื•ืง ื™ื•ืชืจ: ื”ืŸ ื”ื•ืจื’ื•ืช
02:29
any dirty ants trying to
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ื›ืœ ื ืžืœื™ื ืžืœื•ื›ืœื›ื•ืช ืฉืžื ืกื•ืช
02:30
re-enter the group!
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ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืงื‘ื•ืฆื”!
02:31
Zoologist, Professor Adam Hart,
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ื”ื–ื•ืื•ืœื•ื’, ืคืจื•ืคืกื•ืจ ืื“ื ื”ืืจื˜,
02:34
has spent years studying ants
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ื‘ื™ืœื” ืฉื ื™ื ื‘ื—ืงืจ ื ืžืœื™ื
02:35
and other clean creatures.
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ื•ื™ืฆื•ืจื™ื ื ืงื™ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื.
02:37
Here he is speaking with BBC
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ื”ื ื” ื”ื•ื ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืขื
02:39
World Service programme,
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ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ ืฉืœ ื”-BBC,
02:40
The Conversation:
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The Conversation:
02:43
Some animals, you'll be
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Some animals, you'll be
02:44
watching, and it is just pouring
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watching, ื•ื–ื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื ืฉืคืš
02:45
out of the back end and they
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ืžื”ื—ืœืง ื”ืื—ื•ืจื™ ื•ื ืจืื”
02:46
don't seem to care. Other animals
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ืฉืœื ืื›ืคืช ืœื”ื. ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื
02:47
will go to quite great lengths
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ื™ืชืืžืฆื• ืžืื•ื“
02:49
to go to a specific area. Some
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ืœืœื›ืช ืœืื–ื•ืจ ืžืกื•ื™ื. ืื™ื–ื•
02:51
antelope for example will go
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ืื ื˜ื™ืœื•ืคื” ืœืžืฉืœ ืชืœืš
02:53
to a sort of latrine area. It's
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ืœืžืขื™ืŸ ืื–ื•ืจ ืžื—ืกื”. ื–ื”
02:55
really linked to their ecology so
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ื‘ืืžืช ืงืฉื•ืจ ืœืืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืฉืœื”ื ื•ืœื›ืŸ
02:56
quite often animals are
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ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืžืื•ื“ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื
02:58
using dung and also urine
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ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื–ื‘ืœ ื•ื’ื ื‘ืฉืชืŸ
03:00
as marking posts and territorial
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ื›ืขืžื•ื“ื™ ืกื™ืžื•ืŸ ื•ืกืžื ื™ื ื˜ืจื™ื˜ื•ืจื™ืืœื™ื™ื
03:02
markers to say to other groups
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื•ืžืจ ืœืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช
03:03
of animals and other individuals
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ืฉืœ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ื•ืœืคืจื˜ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื
03:05
that, well, this is my
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, ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื–ื”
03:06
territory not yours.
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ื”ื˜ืจื™ื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืฉืœื™ ืœื ืฉืœืš.
03:08
Like cats and ants, antelopes
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ื›ืžื• ื—ืชื•ืœื™ื ื•ื ืžืœื™ื, ื”ืื ื˜ื™ืœื•ืคื•ืช
03:10
go to great lengths, meaning
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ืžืชืืจื›ื•ืช ืžืื•ื“, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ
03:12
they try very hard to do
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ื”ืŸ ืžืฉืชื“ืœื•ืช ืžืื•ื“ ืœืขืฉื•ืช
03:13
something, in this case to
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ืžืฉื”ื•, ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื”ื–ื”
03:15
leave their poo - or dung - in
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ืœื”ืฉืื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืงืงื™ - ืื• ื”ื–ื‘ืœ - ืฉืœื”ืŸ
03:17
a specific area, away
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ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ืžืกื•ื™ื, ื”ืจื—ืง
03:18
from their home.
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ืžื‘ื™ืชื.
03:21
Antelopes leave smells, called
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ืื ื˜ื™ืœื•ืคื•ืช ืžืฉืื™ืจื•ืช ืจื™ื—ื•ืช, ื”ื ืงืจืื™ื
03:22
territorial markers, secreted in
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ืกืžื ื™ื ื˜ืจื™ื˜ื•ืจื™ืืœื™ื™ื, ื”ืžื•ืคืจืฉื™ื
03:25
urine, or pee, to tell other animals
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ื‘ืฉืชืŸ, ืื• ื‘ืคื™ืคื™, ื›ื“ื™ ืœืกืคืจ ืœื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื
03:28
that an area of land is
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ืฉืฉื˜ื— ืื“ืžื”
03:30
already occupied.
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ื›ื‘ืจ ืชืคื•ืก.
03:31
OK Sam, but just because
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ื‘ืกื“ืจ ืกื, ืื‘ืœ ืจืง ื‘ื’ืœืœ
03:33
most of us don't pee at the
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ืฉืจื•ื‘ื ื• ืœื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืคื™ืคื™
03:35
bottom of the garden, does
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ื‘ืชื—ืชื™ืช ื”ื’ืŸ, ื”ืื
03:36
that necessarily mean
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ื–ื” ื‘ื”ื›ืจื— ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื‘ื ื™
03:37
humans are dirtier?
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ืื“ื ืžืœื•ื›ืœื›ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ?
03:39
Well, no, not according to
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืœื, ืœื ืœืคื™
03:41
psychologist, Dr Michael De Barra.
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ื”ืคืกื™ื›ื•ืœื•ื’, ื“"ืจ ืžื™ื™ืงืœ ื“ื” ื‘ืืจื”.
03:44
He thinks that human attitudes to
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ื”ื•ื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื”ื™ื—ืก ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™
03:45
cleanliness are related to the
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ืœื ื™ืงื™ื•ืŸ ืงืฉื•ืจ ืœื‘ืขื™ื”
03:47
problem of infectious diseases,
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ืฉืœ ืžื—ืœื•ืช ื–ื™ื”ื•ืžื™ื•ืช,
03:50
something we've all experienced
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ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื›ื•ืœื ื• ื—ื•ื•ื™ื ื•
03:52
during the Covid pandemic.
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ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืžื’ื™ืคืช ืงื•ื‘ื™ื“.
03:54
Here is Dr De Barra, explaining
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ื”ื ื” ื“"ืจ ื“ื” ื‘ืืจื”, ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ
03:56
more to BBC World Service's,
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ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœ-BBC World Service,
03:58
The Conversation:
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The Conversation:
03:59
So, in humans it seems like
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ืื–, ืืฆืœ ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ื ืจืื” ืฉื’ื•ืขืœ
04:02
the emotion disgust is a big part
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ื”ืจื’ืฉื•ืช ื”ื•ื ื—ืœืง ื’ื“ื•ืœ
04:04
of how we deal with infectious
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ืžื”ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื‘ื• ืื ื• ืžืชืžื•ื“ื“ื™ื ืขื
04:06
diseases problems. It's
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ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื—ืœื•ืช ื–ื™ื”ื•ืžื™ื•ืช. ื–ื”
04:07
characterised by avoidance,
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ืžืื•ืคื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ื™ืžื ืขื•ืช,
04:09
by sometimes feelings of
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ืœืคืขืžื™ื ื‘ืชื—ื•ืฉื•ืช ืฉืœ
04:10
nausea and what's interesting
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ื‘ื—ื™ืœื” ื•ืžื” ืฉืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ
04:13
about it is that it is elicited
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ื‘ื” ื”ื•ื ืฉื”ื™ื ืžืชืขื•ืจืจืช
04:15
by many of the things that
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ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืจื‘ื™ื ืžื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืžื”ื•ื•ื™ื
04:17
are infectious disease threats
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ืื™ื•ืžื™ ืžื—ืœื•ืช ื–ื™ื”ื•ืžื™ื•ืช
04:18
in our environment - so that
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ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ืฉืœื ื• - ื›ืš
04:19
might be particular smells, or
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ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืจื™ื—ื•ืช ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื, ืื•
04:21
particular substances, body
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ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื,
04:23
wastes, physical signs of
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ืคืกื•ืœืช ื’ื•ืฃ, ืกื™ืžื ื™ื ืคื™ื–ื™ื™ื. ืฉืœ
04:25
infectious disease - coughs, sneezes.
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ืžื—ืœื•ืช ื–ื™ื”ื•ืžื™ื•ืช - ืฉื™ืขื•ืœ, ื”ืชืขื˜ืฉื•ืช.
04:28
Our natural reaction to something
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ื”ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช ืฉืœื ื• ืœืžืฉื”ื•
04:30
which is dirty, and which therefore
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ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืœื•ื›ืœืš, ื•ืœื›ืŸ
04:32
may be diseased and harmful to
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ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื—ื•ืœื” ื•ืžื–ื™ืง
04:35
us, is disgust - a strong feeling of
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ืœื ื•, ื”ื™ื ื’ื•ืขืœ - ืชื—ื•ืฉื” ื—ื–ืงื” ืฉืœ
04:38
dislike or repulsion.
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ืกืœื™ื“ื” ืื• ืจืชื™ืขื”.
04:40
We might feel so disgusted
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ืื ื• ืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื’ื•ืขืœ
04:42
at the sight or smell of human
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ืœืžืจืื” ืื• ืจื™ื— ืฉืœ
04:43
waste that we actually want to
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ืคืกื•ืœืช ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช, ืขื“ ืฉืื ื• ื‘ืืžืช ืจื•ืฆื™ื
04:45
vomit - a feeling known
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ืœื”ืงื™ื - ืชื—ื•ืฉื” ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื”
04:46
as nausea.
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ื‘ื—ื™ืœื”.
04:49
These bodily reactions are
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ื”ืชื’ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื’ื•ืคื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ื”ืŸ
04:50
the immune system's way of
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ื“ืจื›ื” ืฉืœ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื—ื™ืกื•ืŸ
04:52
saying: keep away!
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ืœื•ืžืจ: ื”ืชืจื—ืง!
04:53
this will make you sick!
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ื–ื” ื™ืขืฉื” ืื•ืชืš ื—ื•ืœื”!
04:56
So, although getting a bit dirty
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ืื–, ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉืœื›ืœื•ืš ืงืฆืช
04:57
won't kill you (unless you're a
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ืœื ื™ื”ืจื•ื’ ืื•ืชืš (ืืœื ืื ื›ืŸ ืืชื” ื ืžืœื”
04:59
leaf-cutter ant), human
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ื—ื•ืชื›ืช ืขืœื™ื),
05:00
evolution has developed a
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ื”ืื‘ื•ืœื•ืฆื™ื” ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช ืคื™ืชื—ื”
05:02
psychological way of keeping
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ื“ืจืš ืคืกื™ื›ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ืœืฉืžื•ืจ
05:03
us clean. What's the
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ืขืœื™ื ื• ื ืงื™ื™ื. ืžื”
05:05
matter, Sam? You look a little green!
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ื”ืงื˜ืข, ืกื? ืืชื” ื ืจืื” ืงืฆืช ื™ืจื•ืง!
05:06
I am, Neil! All this talk of pee and
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ืื ื™, ื ื™ืœ! ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืขืœ ืคื™ืคื™ ื•ืงืงื™
05:10
poo is disgusting! And just
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ืžื’ืขื™ืœื™ื!
05:12
image how bad it must have
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ื•ืชื“ืžื™ื™ื ื• ื›ืžื” ื’ืจื•ืข ื–ื” ื‘ื˜ื—
05:14
been in the old days.
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ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ืขื‘ืจื•.
05:16
Like in Victorian times, before the
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ื›ืžื• ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ื”ื•ื•ื™ืงื˜ื•ืจื™ืื ื™ืช, ืœืคื ื™
05:18
invention of modern sewers
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ื”ืžืฆืืช ื”ื‘ื™ื•ื‘
05:19
and sanitation. In my quiz
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ื•ื”ืชื‘ืจื•ืื” ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื™ื. ื‘ืฉืืœืช ื”ื—ื™ื“ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื™
05:21
question I asked you what
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ืฉืืœืชื™ ืื•ืชืš ืื™ืš
05:22
people called the awful smell
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ืื ืฉื™ื ื›ื™ื ื• ืืช ื”ืจื™ื— ื”ื ื•ืจื
05:24
in London in the 1850s.
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ื‘ืœื•ื ื“ื•ืŸ ื‘ืฉื ื•ืช ื”-50.
05:27
And I said it was, A) The
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ื•ืื ื™ ืืžืจืชื™ ืฉื–ื”, ื)
05:28
Great Stench. Was I right?
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ื”ืฆื—ื ื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื”. ืฆื“ืงืชื™?
05:30
You were wrong! In fact the
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ื˜ืขื™ืช! ืœืžืขืฉื”
05:33
answer was B) The Great Stink,
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ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื‘) ื”ืกื™ืจื—ื•ืŸ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ,
05:35
which stunk up the River Thames
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ืฉื”ืกืจื™ื— ื‘ืžืขืœื” ื ื”ืจ ื”ืชืžื–ื”
05:36
all the way to Westminster.
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ื›ืœ ื”ื“ืจืš ืœื•ื•ืกื˜ืžื™ื ืกื˜ืจ.
05:38
It was only when the smell
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ืจืง ื›ืฉื”ืจื™ื—
05:39
reached the noses of politicians
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ื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืืคื ืฉืœ ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงืื™ื
05:41
in Parliament that something
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ื‘ืคืจืœืžื ื˜,
05:42
was done about it.
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ื ืขืฉื” ืžืฉื”ื• ื‘ื ื™ื“ื•ืŸ.
05:45
So starting another useful phrase
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ืื– ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืขื•ื“ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื™
05:47
'to raise a stink about something',
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'ืœื”ืขืœื•ืช ืกื™ืจื—ื•ืŸ ืขืœ ืžืฉื”ื•',
05:50
meaning to make a
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ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ
05:51
strong public complaint.
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ืชืœื•ื ื” ืคื•ืžื‘ื™ืช ื—ืจื™ืคื”.
05:53
OK, let's recap the other
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ืื•ืงื™ื™, ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืกื›ื ืืช ืื•ืฆืจ
05:55
vocabulary, starting with out
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ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื ื”ืื—ืจ, ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืขื ืžื—ื•ืฅ
05:56
of sight, out of mind, a phrase
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ืœื˜ื•ื•ื— ื”ืจืื™ื™ื”, ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœื˜ื•ื•ื— ื”ืจืื™ื™ื”, ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™
05:59
meaning that it's easier to
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ืฉืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื• ืฉืงืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ
06:00
forget something when
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ืœืฉื›ื•ื— ืžืฉื”ื• ื›ืฉืืชื”
06:01
you can't see it.
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ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืจืื•ืช ืื•ืชื•.
06:03
To go to great lengths means
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ืœื”ืชืืžืฅ ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื•
06:05
to try very hard to
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ืœื”ืชืืžืฅ ืžืื•ื“
06:06
achieve something.
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ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืžืฉื”ื•.
06:08
Territorial markers are smells
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ืกืžื ื™ื ื˜ืจื™ื˜ื•ืจื™ืืœื™ื™ื ื”ื ืจื™ื—ื•ืช
06:10
in animals - dung or urine
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ื‘ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื - ื’ืœืœื™ื ืื• ืฉืชืŸ
06:11
marking their territory.
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ื”ืžืกืžื ื™ื ืืช ื”ื˜ืจื™ื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืฉืœื”ื.
06:13
These may fill you with disgust -
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ืืœื” ืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœืžืœื ืื•ืชืš ื‘ื’ื•ืขืœ -
06:15
a feeling of strong dislike
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ืชื—ื•ืฉื” ืฉืœ ืกืœื™ื“ื” ื—ื–ืงื”
06:17
or repulsion. Or even give you
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ืื• ืจืชื™ืขื”. ืื• ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœืš
06:18
nausea - the feeling that
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ื‘ื—ื™ืœื” - ื”ืชื—ื•ืฉื”
06:20
you are going to vomit.
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ืฉืืชื” ื”ื•ืœืš ืœื”ืงื™ื.
06:21
And that's all for this stinky
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ื•ื–ื” ื”ื›ืœ ืœืžื”ื“ื•ืจื” ื”ืžืกืจื™ื—ื” ื”ื–ื•
06:23
edition of 6 Minute English.
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ืฉืœ 6 ื“ืงื•ืช ืื ื’ืœื™ืช.
06:25
Join us again soon for
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ื”ืฆื˜ืจืฃ ืืœื™ื ื• ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืงืจื•ื‘
06:26
more topical chat and useful
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ืœืฆ'ืื˜ ืืงื˜ื•ืืœื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ืื•ืฆืจ
06:28
vocabulary. Bye for now!
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ืžื™ืœื™ื ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื™. ืœื”ืชืจืื•ืช ื‘ื™ื ืชื™ื™ื!
06:30
Bye!
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ื‘ื™ื™!
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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