Are humans a messy species? - 6 Minute English

84,798 views ใƒป 2021-07-29

BBC Learning English


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:01
Hi! Neil from BBC Learning English here.
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ใ‚„ใ‚๏ผ BBCใƒฉใƒผใƒ‹ใƒณใ‚ฐใƒปใ‚คใƒณใ‚ฐใƒชใƒƒใ‚ทใƒฅใฎใƒ‹ใƒผใƒซใฏใ“ใกใ‚‰ใ€‚
00:04
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00:06
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ใง 6 Minute English ใฎๆ–ฐใ—ใ„้€ฑๅˆŠใ‚จใ‚ฏใ‚นใƒˆใƒฉ ใ‚จใƒ”ใ‚ฝใƒผใƒ‰ใ‚’ๆไพ›ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ใ”ๅญ˜็Ÿฅ
00:09
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00:11
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00:13
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00:16
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00:17
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ใ€ใŠๆฐ—ใซๅ…ฅใ‚Šใฎ็•ช็ต„ใงใŠๆฐ—ใซๅ…ฅใ‚Šใฎใƒ—ใƒฌใ‚ผใƒณใ‚ฟใƒผใ‚’่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
00:19
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00:20
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00:23
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ใ€‚
00:24
See you there!
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ใใ‚ŒใงใฏใŠไผšใ„ใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†๏ผ
00:35
Hello. This is 6 Minute English from
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ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€
00:36
BBC Learning English. I'm Neil.
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BBC Learning English ใฎ 6 Minute English ใงใ™ใ€‚ ็งใฏใƒ‹ใƒผใƒซใงใ™ใ€‚
00:39
And I'm Sam.
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็งใฏใ‚ตใƒ ใงใ™ใ€‚
00:40
If you live in a city, you're probably
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ้ƒฝๅธ‚ใซไฝใ‚“ใงใ„ใ‚‹ใชใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใŠใใ‚‰ใ
00:42
familiar with this very modern sight:
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ใ“ใฎ้žๅธธใซ็พไปฃ็š„ใชๅ…‰ๆ™ฏใซ
00:45
a man walking his dog drops a
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00:47
little black plastic bag into a
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็ฒพ้€šใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹
00:48
rubbish bin. Inside the bag is
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ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†. ่ข‹ใฎไธญใฏ
00:51
dog poo.
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็Šฌใฎใ†ใ‚“ใ“ใ€‚
00:52
It might make it seem that humans
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ไบบ้–“ใฏ่ก›็”Ÿ็š„ใช็”Ÿใ็‰ฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆ€ใ‚ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
00:54
are hygienic creatures - certainly
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00:55
cleaner than dogs, who go to the
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็Šฌใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚ๆธ…ๆฝ”ใงใ€
00:57
toilet wherever they want. But is
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ๅฅฝใใชๅ ดๆ‰€ใงใƒˆใ‚คใƒฌใซ่กŒใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€
00:59
this the whole story?
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ™ในใฆใฎ่ฉฑใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
01:02
How do us humans compare
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็งใŸใกไบบ้–“
01:04
with other animals when it comes
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ใฏใ€่‡ชๅˆ†่‡ช่บซใจ็’ฐๅขƒใ‚’ๆธ…ๆฝ”ใซไฟใคใ“ใจใซ้–ขใ—ใฆใ€ไป–ใฎๅ‹•็‰ฉใจใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆฏ”่ผƒใ•ใ‚Œ
01:05
to keeping ourselves and our
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01:07
environment clean? In this
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ใพใ™ใ‹? ใ“ใฎ
01:09
programme, we ll be asking
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ใƒ—ใƒญใ‚ฐใƒฉใƒ ใงใฏ
01:10
whether humans as a species
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ใ€็จฎใจใ—ใฆใฎไบบ้–“
01:11
are naturally clean and tidy.
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ใŒ็”Ÿใพใ‚Œใคใๆธ…ๆฝ”ใงๆ•ด้ “ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใ‚’ๅฐ‹ใญใพใ™ใ€‚
01:14
In fact, from dumping raw
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ๅฎŸ้š›ใ€ๆœช
01:16
sewage into rivers to littering
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ๅ‡ฆ็†ใฎไธ‹ๆฐดใ‚’ๅทใซๆŠ•ๆฃ„
01:18
the streets with trash, humans
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ใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ€้€šใ‚Šใซใ‚ดใƒŸใ‚’ๆ•ฃใ‚‰ใ‹ใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ใชใฉใ€ไบบ้–“
01:20
aren't always good at
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ใฏๅธธใซๅปƒๆฃ„็‰ฉใ‚’ๅ‡ฆ็†ใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใŒๅพ—ๆ„ใจใ„ใ†ใ‚ใ‘ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
01:21
dealing with waste.
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ใ€‚
01:22
While some animals, on the
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ไธ€ๆ–นใ€ไธ€้ƒจใฎๅ‹•็‰ฉ
01:23
other hand, are
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01:24
instinctively clean.
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ๆœฌ่ƒฝ็š„ใซใใ‚Œใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
01:26
Right - cats for example dig a
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ๅณ - ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€็Œซใฏ
01:29
hole to bury their poo.
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ใ†ใ‚“ใกใ‚’ๅŸ‹ใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซ็ฉดใ‚’ๆŽ˜ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
01:31
In the past, humans got rid of
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ใ‹ใคใฆไบบ้–“ใฏใ€ๆฐดใŒใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆด—ใ„ๆตใ™ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆœŸๅพ…
01:33
their waste by throwing it into
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ใ—ใฆ
01:34
the street or into streams and
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ใ€้€šใ‚Šใ‚„ๅฐๅทใ‚„
01:36
rivers, hoping the water
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ๅทใซๅปƒๆฃ„็‰ฉใ‚’
01:37
would wash it away.
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ๆจใฆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆๅปƒๆฃ„็‰ฉใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚Š้™คใใพใ—ใŸ.
01:39
Out of sight out of mind! That's
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็›ฎใซ่ฆ‹ใˆใชใ„๏ผ ่ฆ‹ใˆ
01:42
a phrase used to say that it's
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01:43
easier to forget something
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ใชใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใฎๆ–นใŒๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใ‚„ใ™ใ„ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใ‚ใ–ใงใ™
01:45
when you can't see it.
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ใ€‚
01:47
But this doesn't always work, as
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅธธใซใ†ใพใใ„ใใจใฏ้™ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
01:48
we'll discover from my quiz
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็งใฎใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใฎ่ณชๅ•ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅˆ†ใ‹ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ
01:49
question, Sam. In Victorian times,
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ใ€ใ‚ตใƒ ใ€‚ ใƒ“ใ‚ฏใƒˆใƒชใ‚ขๆœๆ™‚ไปฃใ€
01:52
the population of London boomed
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ใƒญใƒณใƒ‰ใƒณใฎไบบๅฃใŒ็ˆ†็™บ็š„ใซๅข—ๅŠ 
01:54
and so did all the pee and poo
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ใ—ใ€ใŠใ—ใฃใ“ใ‚„ใ†ใ‚“ใก
01:56
being thrown into the River Thames.
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ใŒใƒ†ใƒ ใ‚บๅทใซๆŠ•ใ’่พผใพใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
01:58
It got so bad that by the 1850s
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02:01
the awful smell had its own name,
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ใซใฒใฉใ„่‡ญใ„ใซ็‹ฌ่‡ชใฎๅๅ‰ใŒไป˜ใ‘ใ‚‰ใ‚ŒใŸใปใฉใฒใฉใใชใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸ
02:03
but what? Was it: A) The Great
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ใŒใ€ไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹? ใใ‚Œใฏใ€A) ๅคง
02:06
Stench?, B) The Great Stink?,
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ๆ‚ช่‡ญ?ใ€B) ๅคงๆ‚ช่‡ญ?ใ€
02:09
or C) The Great Smell?
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ใพใŸใฏ C) ๅคงๆ‚ช่‡ญ?
02:11
Ugh! All sounds pretty
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ใ†ใƒผใ‚“๏ผ
02:14
disgusting, Neil, but I'll go
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ใƒ‹ใƒผใƒซใ€ใฉใ‚Œใ‚‚ใ†ใ‚“ใ–ใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่žใ“ใˆใพใ™ใŒใ€็ง
02:15
for A) The Great Stench.
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ใฏ A) The Great Stech ใ‚’้ธใณใพใ™ใ€‚
02:17
OK, Sam, we'll find out if
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ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€ใ‚ตใƒ ใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒๆญฃใ—ใ„ใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใฏๅพŒใงใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™
02:19
that's right later. Earlier you
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ใ€‚ ๅ…ˆใปใฉใ€ๆŽ’ๆณ„็‰ฉใ‚’้š ใ™ๅ‹•็‰ฉใฎ
02:22
mentioned cats as examples
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ไพ‹ใจใ—ใฆ็Œซใซใคใ„ใฆ่จ€ๅŠใ•ใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸ
02:23
of animals who hide their
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02:25
waste, but leaf-cutter ants
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ใŒใ€
02:27
go even further: they kill
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ใƒใ‚ญใƒชใ‚ขใƒชใฏใ•ใ‚‰ใซๅ…ˆใ‚’่กŒใ
02:29
any dirty ants trying to
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02:30
re-enter the group!
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ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:31
Zoologist, Professor Adam Hart,
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ๅ‹•็‰ฉๅญฆ่€…ใฎใ‚ขใƒ€ใƒ ใƒปใƒใƒผใƒˆๆ•™ๆŽˆ
02:34
has spent years studying ants
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ใฏใ€ใ‚ขใƒชใ‚„ใใฎไป–ใฎใใ‚Œใ„ใช็”Ÿใ็‰ฉใ‚’ไฝ•ๅนดใ‚‚็ ”็ฉถใ—ใฆใใพใ—ใŸ
02:35
and other clean creatures.
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ใ€‚
02:37
Here he is speaking with BBC
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ใ“ใ“ใงๅฝผใฏ BBC
02:39
World Service programme,
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ใƒฏใƒผใƒซใƒ‰ ใ‚ตใƒผใƒ“ใ‚นใฎ็•ช็ต„
02:40
The Conversation:
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The Conversation ใจ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:43
Some animals, you'll be
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ไฝ•ๅŒนใ‹ใฎๅ‹•็‰ฉใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ
02:44
watching, and it is just pouring
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่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡
02:45
out of the back end and they
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02:46
don't seem to care. Other animals
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ใ†ใ€‚ ไป–ใฎๅ‹•็‰ฉ
02:47
will go to quite great lengths
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ใฏ
02:49
to go to a specific area. Some
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ใ€็‰นๅฎšใฎๅœฐๅŸŸใซ่กŒใใŸใ‚ใซใ‹ใชใ‚Šใฎๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’่ฒปใ‚„ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:51
antelope for example will go
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ‚ซใƒขใ‚ทใ‚ซใฎไธญ
02:53
to a sort of latrine area. It's
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ใซใฏใ€ไธ€็จฎใฎใƒˆใ‚คใƒฌ ใ‚จใƒชใ‚ขใซ่กŒใใ‚‚ใฎใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏ
02:55
really linked to their ecology so
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฎ็”Ÿๆ…‹ๅญฆใซๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ้–ข้€ฃใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใง
02:56
quite often animals are
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ใ€ๅ‹•็‰ฉใฏ
02:58
using dung and also urine
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03:00
as marking posts and territorial
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03:02
markers to say to other groups
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ไป–ใฎใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ—
03:03
of animals and other individuals
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ใฎๅ‹•็‰ฉใ‚„ไป–ใฎๅ€‹ไบบ
03:05
that, well, this is my
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ใซใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ็งใฎ
03:06
territory not yours.
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้ ˜ๅœŸใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎใ‚‚ใฎใงใฏใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’็คบใ™ใŸใ‚ใซใ€[ __ ]ใ‚„ๅฐฟใ‚’ๆจ™่ญ˜ใ‚„้ ˜ๅœŸใƒžใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใจใ—ใฆไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ˆใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™.
03:08
Like cats and ants, antelopes
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็Œซใ‚„ใ‚ขใƒชใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ
03:10
go to great lengths, meaning
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ใ€ใ‚ซใƒขใ‚ทใ‚ซใฏ้žๅธธใซ้•ทใ„ๆ™‚้–“
03:12
they try very hard to do
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ใ‚’ใ‹ใ‘ใฆไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ใ—ใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:13
something, in this case to
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ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆ
03:15
leave their poo - or dung - in
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ใฏใ€ใ†ใ‚“ใก ([ __ ]) ใ‚’ๅฎถใ‹ใ‚‰
03:17
a specific area, away
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้›ขใ‚ŒใŸ็‰นๅฎšใฎๅ ดๆ‰€ใซ็ฝฎใ„ใฆใŠใ
03:18
from their home.
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ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:21
Antelopes leave smells, called
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ใ‚ขใƒณใƒ†ใƒญใƒผใƒ—ใฏใ€ๅฐฟใ‚„ใŠใ—ใฃใ“ใซๅˆ†ๆณŒใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹็ธ„ๅผตใ‚Šใƒžใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใจๅ‘ผใฐใ‚Œใ‚‹ๅŒ‚ใ„ใ‚’ๆฎ‹ใ—ใ€
03:22
territorial markers, secreted in
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03:25
urine, or pee, to tell other animals
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ไป–ใฎๅ‹•็‰ฉ
03:28
that an area of land is
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ใซๅœŸๅœฐใฎ้ ˜ๅŸŸใŒ
03:30
already occupied.
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ใ™ใงใซๅ ๆœ‰ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ไผใˆใพใ™.
03:31
OK Sam, but just because
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OKใ‚ตใƒ ใ€ใงใ‚‚
03:33
most of us don't pee at the
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็งใŸใกใฎใปใจใ‚“ใฉใŒ
03:35
bottom of the garden, does
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ๅบญใฎๅบ•ใงใŠใ—ใฃใ“ใ‚’ใ—ใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‰ใจใ„ใฃใฆใ€
03:36
that necessarily mean
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ใใ‚Œใฏๅฟ…ใšใ—ใ‚‚
03:37
humans are dirtier?
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ไบบ้–“ใŒใ‚ˆใ‚Šๆฑšใ„ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ‹?
03:39
Well, no, not according to
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ใ„ใ„ใˆใ€
03:41
psychologist, Dr Michael De Barra.
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ๅฟƒ็†ๅญฆ่€…ใฎใƒžใ‚คใ‚ฑใƒซใƒปใƒ‡ใƒปใƒใƒผใƒฉๅšๅฃซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ†ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
03:44
He thinks that human attitudes to
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ๅฝผใฏใ€ๆธ…ๆฝ”ใ•ใซๅฏพใ™ใ‚‹ไบบ้–“ใฎๆ…‹ๅบฆใฏๆ„ŸๆŸ“็—‡
03:45
cleanliness are related to the
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ใฎๅ•้กŒใซ้–ข้€ฃใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจ่€ƒใˆใฆใ„
03:47
problem of infectious diseases,
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03:50
something we've all experienced
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03:52
during the Covid pandemic.
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€Covid ใƒ‘ใƒณใƒ‡ใƒŸใƒƒใ‚ฏใฎ้š›ใซ็งใŸใกๅ…จๅ“กใŒ็ตŒ้จ“ใ—ใŸใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
03:54
Here is Dr De Barra, explaining
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De Barra ๅšๅฃซใฏใ€
03:56
more to BBC World Service's,
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BBC World Service ใฎ
03:58
The Conversation:
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The Conversation ใง่ฉณ็ดฐใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:59
So, in humans it seems like
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ไบบ้–“ใงใฏ
04:02
the emotion disgust is a big part
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ใ€ๆ„Ÿๆƒ…็š„ใชๅซŒๆ‚ชๆ„ŸใŒ
04:04
of how we deal with infectious
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ๆ„ŸๆŸ“็—‡ใฎๅ•้กŒใซๅฏพๅ‡ฆใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใฎๅคงใใช้ƒจๅˆ†ใ‚’ๅ ใ‚ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†
04:06
diseases problems. It's
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ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏ
04:07
characterised by avoidance,
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ๅ›ž้ฟใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆ็‰นๅพดไป˜ใ‘ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ€
04:09
by sometimes feelings of
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ๆ™‚ใซใฏ
04:10
nausea and what's interesting
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ๅใๆฐ—ใ‚’ๆ„Ÿใ˜ใพใ™ใ€‚่ˆˆๅ‘ณๆทฑใ„ใฎ
04:13
about it is that it is elicited
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04:15
by many of the things that
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04:17
are infectious disease threats
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04:18
in our environment - so that
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ใฏใ€็’ฐๅขƒๅ†…ใฎๆ„ŸๆŸ“็—‡ใฎ่„…ๅจใงใ‚ใ‚‹ๅคšใใฎใ‚‚ใฎใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆๅผ•ใ่ตทใ“ใ•
04:19
might be particular smells, or
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ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ใคใพใ‚Šใ€็‰นๅฎšใฎๅŒ‚ใ„ใ€
04:21
particular substances, body
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็‰นๅฎšใฎ็‰ฉ่ณชใ€ไฝ“ใฎ
04:23
wastes, physical signs of
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่€ๅปƒ็‰ฉใ€่บซไฝ“็š„ๅ…†ๅ€™ใชใฉใงใ™ใ€‚
04:25
infectious disease - coughs, sneezes.
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ๆ„ŸๆŸ“็—‡ใฎ - ๅ’ณใ€ใใ—ใ‚ƒใฟใ€‚ ๆฑšใ‚Œ
04:28
Our natural reaction to something
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ใŸใ‚‚ใฎใซๅฏพใ™ใ‚‹็งใŸใกใฎ่‡ช็„ถใชๅๅฟœ
04:30
which is dirty, and which therefore
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04:32
may be diseased and harmful to
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04:35
us, is disgust - a strong feeling of
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ใฏใ€ๅซŒๆ‚ชๆ„Ÿใ€ใคใพใ‚Šๅผทใ„ๅซŒๆ‚ชๆ„Ÿใ‚„ๅซŒๆ‚ชๆ„Ÿ
04:38
dislike or repulsion.
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ใงใ™ใ€‚
04:40
We might feel so disgusted
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04:42
at the sight or smell of human
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ไบบ้–“ใฎๆŽ’ๆณ„็‰ฉใ‚’่ฆ‹ใŸใ‚ŠๅŒ‚ใ„ใ‚’ๅ—…ใ„ใ ใ‚Š
04:43
waste that we actually want to
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ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใซ
04:45
vomit - a feeling known
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ๅใใŸใใชใ‚‹ใปใฉๅซŒๆ‚ชๆ„Ÿใ‚’่ฆšใˆใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆ
04:46
as nausea.
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ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅใๆฐ—ใจใ—ใฆ็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:49
These bodily reactions are
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ่บซไฝ“็š„ๅๅฟœใฏ
04:50
the immune system's way of
149
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ใ€ๅ…็–ซใ‚ทใ‚นใƒ†ใƒ ใฎ
04:52
saying: keep away!
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่จ€ใ„ๆ–นใงใ™๏ผš่ฟ‘ใฅใ‹ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„๏ผ
04:53
this will make you sick!
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’็—…ๆฐ—ใซใ™ใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†๏ผ
04:56
So, although getting a bit dirty
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๅฐ‘ใ—ๆฑšใ‚Œใฆ
04:57
won't kill you (unless you're a
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ใ‚‚ๆญปใฌใ“ใจใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒ (ใƒใ‚ญใƒชใ‚ขใƒชใงใชใ„้™ใ‚Š
04:59
leaf-cutter ant), human
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)ใ€ไบบ้–“ใฎ
05:00
evolution has developed a
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้€ฒๅŒ–ใฏ็งใŸใกใ‚’ๆธ…ๆฝ”
05:02
psychological way of keeping
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ใซไฟใคๅฟƒ็†็š„ใชๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’้–‹็™บใ—ใพใ—ใŸ
05:03
us clean. What's the
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ใ€‚ ใฉใ†ใ—ใŸใฎ
05:05
matter, Sam? You look a little green!
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ใ€ใ‚ตใƒ ๏ผŸ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅฐ‘ใ—็ท‘ใซ่ฆ‹ใˆใพใ™๏ผ
05:06
I am, Neil! All this talk of pee and
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็งใฏใ€ใƒ‹ใƒผใƒซใงใ™๏ผ ใŠใ—ใฃใ“ใจใ†ใ‚“ใกใฎใ“ใฎใ™ในใฆใฎ่ฉฑ
05:10
poo is disgusting! And just
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ใฏใ†ใ‚“ใ–ใ‚Šใงใ™๏ผ ใใ—ใฆใ€ๆ˜”
05:12
image how bad it must have
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ใฏใฉใ‚Œใปใฉใฒใฉใ‹ใฃใŸใซ้•ใ„ใชใ„ใ‹ๆƒณๅƒใ—ใฆใฟใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
05:14
been in the old days.
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ใ€‚
05:16
Like in Victorian times, before the
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05:18
invention of modern sewers
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่ฟ‘ไปฃ็š„ใชไธ‹ๆฐด้“
05:19
and sanitation. In my quiz
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ใจ่ก›็”Ÿ่จญๅ‚™ใŒ็™บๆ˜Žใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ๅ‰ใฎใƒ“ใ‚ฏใƒˆใƒชใ‚ขๆ™‚ไปฃใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€‚ ใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใฎ
05:21
question I asked you what
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่ณชๅ•ใงใ€1850 ๅนดไปฃใฎใƒญใƒณใƒ‰ใƒณ
05:22
people called the awful smell
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ใฎใฒใฉใ„ใซใŠใ„ใ‚’ไบบใ€…ใŒไฝ•ใจๅ‘ผใ‚“ใงใ„ใŸใ‹ใ‚’ๅฐ‹ใญ
05:24
in London in the 1850s.
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ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
05:27
And I said it was, A) The
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ใใ—ใฆใ€็งใฏใใ‚ŒใŒใ€A) ใ‚ฐใƒฌใƒผใƒˆใƒปใ‚นใƒ†ใƒณใƒใ ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸ
05:28
Great Stench. Was I right?
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ใ€‚ ็งใฏๆญฃใ—ใ‹ใฃใŸใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
05:30
You were wrong! In fact the
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ้–“้•ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸ๏ผ ๅฎŸ้š›ใ€
05:33
answer was B) The Great Stink,
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็ญ”ใˆใฏ B) The Great Stink ใงใ€
05:35
which stunk up the River Thames
173
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ใƒ†ใƒ ใ‚บๅทใ‚’ใ‚ฆใ‚งใ‚นใƒˆใƒŸใƒณใ‚นใ‚ฟใƒผใพใงใšใฃใจๆ‚ช่‡ญใ‚’ๆ”พใฃใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸ
05:36
all the way to Westminster.
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ใ€‚
05:38
It was only when the smell
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1000
่‡ญใ„
05:39
reached the noses of politicians
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ใŒ่ญฐไผšใฎๆ”ฟๆฒปๅฎถใฎ้ผปใซๅฑŠใ„ใŸใจใใ ใ‘ใ€ใใ‚Œ
05:41
in Parliament that something
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ใซใคใ„ใฆไฝ•ใ‹
05:42
was done about it.
178
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ใŒ่กŒใ‚ใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸ.
05:45
So starting another useful phrase
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€ๅˆฅใฎๆœ‰็”จใชใƒ•ใƒฌใƒผใ‚บ
05:47
'to raise a stink about something',
180
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ใ€Œไฝ•ใ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆๆ‚ช่‡ญใ‚’ๆ”พใคใ€ใ‚’้–‹ๅง‹ใ—
05:50
meaning to make a
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1000
05:51
strong public complaint.
182
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ๅผทใ„ๅคง่ก†ใฎไธๆบ€ใ‚’่กจๆ˜Žใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:53
OK, let's recap the other
183
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ใงใฏใ€ไป–ใฎ่ชžๅฝ™ใ‚’ใŠใ•ใ‚‰ใ„ใ—ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚out
05:55
vocabulary, starting with out
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ofsightใ€out of mind ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚
05:56
of sight, out of mind, a phrase
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05:59
meaning that it's easier to
186
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06:00
forget something when
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06:01
you can't see it.
188
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒ่ฆ‹ใˆใชใ„ใจๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใ‚„ใ™ใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ใƒ•ใƒฌใƒผใ‚บใงใ™ใ€‚
06:03
To go to great lengths means
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06:05
to try very hard to
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ๅ…จๅŠ›ใ‚’ๅฐฝใใ™ใจใฏ
06:06
achieve something.
191
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ใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’้”ๆˆใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซไธ€็”Ÿๆ‡ธๅ‘ฝๅŠชๅŠ›ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:08
Territorial markers are smells
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ใƒ†ใƒชใƒˆใƒชใ‚ขใƒซ ใƒžใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใฏ
06:10
in animals - dung or urine
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ใ€ๅ‹•็‰ฉใฎๅŒ‚ใ„ใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€[ __ ]ใ‚„ๅฐฟ
06:11
marking their territory.
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ใŒใƒ†ใƒชใƒˆใƒชใƒผใ‚’ใƒžใƒผใ‚ฏใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:13
These may fill you with disgust -
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’ๅซŒๆ‚ชๆ„Ÿใ€ใคใพใ‚Šๅผทใ„ๅซŒๆ‚ชๆ„Ÿใ‚„ๅซŒๆ‚ชๆ„Ÿใงๆบ€ใŸใ™ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“
06:15
a feeling of strong dislike
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06:17
or repulsion. Or even give you
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ใ€‚ ใพใŸใฏใ€ๅใๆฐ—ใ‚’ๅ‚ฌใ™ใ“ใจใ•ใˆใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
06:18
nausea - the feeling that
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-
06:20
you are going to vomit.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๅ˜”ๅใ—ใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๆ„Ÿ่ฆšใ€‚
06:21
And that's all for this stinky
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6 Minute English ใฎใ“ใฎ่‡ญใ„็‰ˆใฏใ“ใ‚Œใง็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚Š
06:23
edition of 6 Minute English.
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ใงใ™ใ€‚ ่ฉฑ้กŒใฎใƒใƒฃใƒƒใƒˆใ‚„ไพฟๅˆฉใช่ชžๅฝ™
06:25
Join us again soon for
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ใซใคใ„ใฆใฏใ€ใพใŸใ™ใใซใ”ๅ‚ๅŠ ใใ ใ•ใ„
06:26
more topical chat and useful
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06:28
vocabulary. Bye for now!
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ใ€‚ ใพใŸใญ๏ผ
06:30
Bye!
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ใ•ใ‚ˆใชใ‚‰๏ผ
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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