Tonga: Volcano and tsunami hit: BBC News Review

92,271 views ใƒป 2022-01-18

BBC Learning English


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ. ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืžืชื•ืจื’ืžื•ืช ืžืชื•ืจื’ืžื•ืช ื‘ืžื›ื•ื ื”.

00:00
There are reports of major damage in the Pacific island of Tonga,
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ื™ืฉื ื ื“ื™ื•ื•ื—ื™ื ืขืœ ื ื–ืง ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ืื™ ื˜ื•ื ื’ื” ืฉื‘ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก โ€‹โ€‹ื”ืฉืงื˜,
00:04
after a huge volcanic eruption and widespread tsunami.
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ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืชืคืจืฆื•ืช ื’ืขืฉื™ืช ืขื ืงื™ืช ื•ืฆื•ื ืืžื™ ื ืจื—ื‘.
00:09
This is BBC News Review from BBC Learning English.
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ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืกืงื™ืจืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื”-BBC ืžื‘ื™ืช ื”-BBC Learning English.
00:12
I'm Rob and joining me to talk about this story is Roy.
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ืื ื™ ืจื•ื‘ ื•ืžืฆื˜ืจืฃ ืืœื™ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื–ื” ืจื•ื™.
00:15
Hello Roy.
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ืฉืœื•ื ืจื•ืขื™.
00:16
Hello Rob and hello everybody.
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ืฉืœื•ื ืจื•ื‘ ื•ืฉืœื•ื ืœื›ื•ืœื.
00:19
If you would like to test yourself on the vocabulary around this story,
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ืื ืชืจืฆื” ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืืช ืขืฆืžืš ืขืœ ืื•ืฆืจ ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื–ื”,
00:23
all you need to do is head to our website
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ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืืชื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื”ื•ื ืœื’ืฉืช ืœืืชืจ ืฉืœื ื•
00:25
bbclearningenglish.com to take a quiz.
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bbclearningenglish.com ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื—ืช ื—ื™ื“ื•ืŸ.
00:29
But now, let's hear more about this story from this BBC News report:
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ืื‘ืœ ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืฉืžืข ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื–ื” ืžื“ื™ื•ื•ื— ื”ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”-BBC:
00:59
So, a massive volcanic eruption and tsunami hit Tonga,
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ืื–, ื”ืชืคืจืฆื•ืช ื’ืขืฉื™ืช ืขื ืงื™ืช ื•ืฆื•ื ืืžื™ ืคื’ืขื• ื‘ื˜ื•ื ื’ื”,
01:04
an island nation in the Pacific Ocean.
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ืžื“ื™ื ืช ืื™ื™ื ื‘ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก โ€‹โ€‹ื”ืฉืงื˜.
01:07
At the moment, due to this event,
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ื›ืจื’ืข, ืขืงื‘ ืื™ืจื•ืข ื–ื”,
01:10
it has been difficult to get news from Tonga.
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ื”ื™ื” ืงืฉื” ืœืงื‘ืœ ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืžื˜ื•ื ื’ื”.
01:13
New Zealand has sent a plane to look at the level of damage,
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ื ื™ื• ื–ื™ืœื ื“ ืฉืœื—ื” ืžื˜ื•ืก ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืืช ืจืžืช ื”ื ื–ืง,
01:15
and aid agencies and charities are planning to try and help,
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ื•ืกื•ื›ื ื•ื™ื•ืช ืกื™ื•ืข ื•ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ ืฆื“ืงื” ืžืชื›ื ื ื™ื ืœื ืกื•ืช ืœืขื–ื•ืจ,
01:20
for fear that a number of people are without shelter and water.
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ืžื—ืฉืฉ ืฉืžืกืคืจ ืื ืฉื™ื ื—ืกืจื™ ืžื—ืกื” ื•ืžื™ื.
01:25
And we have three words and expressions from the news headlines
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ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืžื™ืœื™ื ื•ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ื™ื ืžื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช
01:29
to help us talk about this story.
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ืฉื™ืขื–ืจื• ืœื ื• ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื–ื”.
01:31
What are they please, Roy?
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ืžื” ื”ื ื‘ื‘ืงืฉื”, ืจื•ืขื™?
01:32
Yes, we do. We have 'cut off', 'step up' and 'go dark'.
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ื›ืŸ ืื ื—ื ื• ื›ืŸ. "ื—ืชื›ื ื•", "ืขืœื• ืžื“ืจื’ื”" ื•"ืชื—ืฉื›ื•".
01:38
That's 'cut off', 'step up' and 'go dark'.
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ื–ื” 'ื—ืชื•ืš', 'ืœืขืœื•ืช ืžื“ืจื’ื”' ื•'ืœื”ื—ืฉื™ืš'.
01:42
OK. Could we have a look at the first news headline please, Roy?
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ื‘ืกื“ืจ. ื”ืื ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ื›ื•ืชืจืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ื‘ืงืฉื”, ืจื•ื™?
01:46
OK. So, our first news headline is from the Independent and it reads:
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ื‘ืกื“ืจ. ืื–, ื›ื•ืชืจืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉืœื ื• ื”ื™ื ืžื”ืื™ื ื“ื™ืคื ื“ื ื˜ ื•ื”ื™ื ืื•ืžืจืช:
01:58
That's 'cut off' โ€” isolated; unable to be contacted.
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ื–ื” 'ืžื ื•ืชืง' - ืžื‘ื•ื“ื“; ืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืงืฉืจ.
02:02
Yes. So, 'cut off' is usually seen as a phrasal verb, which is separable.
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ื›ืŸ. ืœื›ืŸ, 'ื ืชืง' ื ืชืคืก ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื›ืคื•ืขืœ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™, ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืคืจื“ื”.
02:08
First word: 'cut' โ€” C-U-T. Second word: 'off' โ€” O-F-F.
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ืžื™ืœื” ืจืืฉื•ื ื”: 'ื—ืชื•ืš' โ€” C-U-T. ืžื™ืœื” ืฉื ื™ื™ื”: 'ื›ื‘ื•ื™' - O-F-F.
02:13
And, as I said, it's separable so you can 'cut somebody or something off'
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ื•ื›ืžื• ืฉืืžืจืชื™, ื–ื” ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืคืจื“ื” ื›ืš ืฉืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ 'ืœื—ืชื•ืš ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืื• ืžืฉื”ื•'
02:18
or you can 'cut off' something or somebody.
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ืื• ืฉืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ 'ืœื—ืชื•ืš' ืžืฉื”ื• ืื• ืžื™ืฉื”ื•.
02:21
And it means to... to be out of contact or to stop contact.
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ื•ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ... ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื ื•ืชืง ืื• ืœื”ืคืกื™ืง ืงืฉืจ.
02:27
OK. Now, I'm familiar with those two words.
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ื‘ืกื“ืจ. ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืื ื™ ืžื›ื™ืจ ืืช ืฉืชื™ ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื ื”ืืœื”.
02:29
We know what a 'cut' is.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืžื” ื–ื” 'ื—ืชืš'.
02:31
That's something you can do with...
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ื–ื” ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืื™ืชื•...
02:32
with scissors: like 'cut' your hair.
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ืขื ืžืกืคืจื™ื™ื: ื›ืžื• 'ืœื’ื–ื•ืจ' ืืช ื”ืฉื™ืขืจ.
02:34
And 'off', of course, is the opposite of 'on'.
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ื•'ื›ื‘ื•ื™', ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ื”ื•ื ื”ื”ืคืš ืž'ืคื•ืขืœ'.
02:37
So, it's โ€” to stop something you turn it 'off'.
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ืื–, ื–ื” - ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขืฆื•ืจ ืžืฉื”ื• ืืชื” 'ืžื›ื‘ื”' ืื•ืชื•.
02:39
Yeah. So, for example, 'cut' is about severing a communication
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ื›ึผึตืŸ. ืื–, ืœืžืฉืœ, 'ื—ืชื•ืš' ื”ื•ื ืขืœ ื ื™ืชื•ืง ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช
02:44
or severing contact, if you like.
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ืื• ื ื™ืชื•ืง ืงืฉืจ, ืื ืชืจืฆื”.
02:48
And in the sense of 'cut off', what it means in the headline
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ื•ื‘ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉืœ 'ื ืชืง', ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื‘ื›ื•ืชืจืช
02:51
is that all communications have been stopped for a period of time.
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ื”ื™ื ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื”ื•ืคืกืงื” ืœืชืงื•ืคื” ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช.
02:55
Now, we also use 'cut off' when we're talking about utilities,
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ื›ืขืช, ืื ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื’ื ื‘'ื ื™ืชื•ืง' ื›ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื,
02:59
like electricity or water;
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ื›ืžื• ื—ืฉืžืœ ืื• ืžื™ื;
03:02
they get 'cut off' sometimes, don't they?
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ื”ื ื ื™ืชืงื™ื ืœืคืขืžื™ื, ืœื?
03:04
Yes, they do. If you don't pay a bill for your internet,
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ื›ืŸ ื”ื ื›ืŸ. ืื ืื™ื ืš ืžืฉืœื ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ืฉืœืš,
03:08
the provider may decide to 'cut you off': to stop your supply.
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ื”ืกืคืง ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ 'ืœื ืชืง ืื•ืชืš': ืœื”ืคืกื™ืง ืืช ื”ืืกืคืงื” โ€‹โ€‹ืฉืœืš.
03:13
Getting back to the, kind of, natural environment,
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ืื ื ื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœืกื•ื’ ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช,
03:16
we can use the expression 'cut off' when,
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ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ 'ืžื ื•ืชืง' ื›ืืฉืจ,
03:18
maybe, a village gets 'cut off' because the road is blocked with snow;
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ืื•ืœื™, ื›ืคืจ 'ื ืชืงืข' ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื”ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ ื—ืกื•ื ื‘ืฉืœื’;
03:23
or if there's a storm, an island might get 'cut off' โ€”
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ืื• ืื ื™ืฉ ืกืขืจื”, ืื™ ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื—ืชืš -
03:25
there's no way of getting the ships in because the sea is rough.
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ืื™ืŸ ื“ืจืš ืœื”ื›ื ื™ืก ืืช ื”ืกืคื™ื ื•ืช ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื ืกื•ืขืจ.
03:28
That's when we can say somewhere is 'cut off'. Is that right?
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ื–ื” ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื‘ื• ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืื™ืคืฉื”ื• 'ื ืชืง'. ื”ืื ื–ื” ื ื›ื•ืŸ?
03:32
Yeah. I mean, in that sense, it's more about, sort of, a lack of access,
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ื›ึผึตืŸ. ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ื‘ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ื”ื–ื”, ื–ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืงืฉื•ืจ, ื‘ืขืจืš, ื‘ื—ื•ืกืจ ื’ื™ืฉื”,
03:35
or again it's that idea of communication โ€” being able to contact somebody โ€”
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ืื• ืฉื•ื‘ ื–ื” ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื” ืฉืœ ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช - ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืงืฉืจ ืขื ืžื™ืฉื”ื• -
03:40
but a village, in that sense, 'cut off' by the snow
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ืคืจ, ื‘ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ื”ื–ื”, 'ืžื ื•ืชืง' ื‘ืฉืœื’
03:42
means that there is no way to get to the village or for people to leave.
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ืื•ืžืจ ืฉ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืจืš ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื›ืคืจ ืื• ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ื™ืขื–ื‘ื•.
03:47
It's 'cut off', isolated, from the outside world.
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ื–ื” 'ืžื ื•ืชืง', ืžื‘ื•ื“ื“, ืžื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื—ื™ืฆื•ืŸ.
03:50
Now, there is also a very...
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื™ืฉ ื’ื ื“ืจืš ืžืื•ื“...
03:51
another interesting way to use 'cut off'.
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ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ืช ื ื•ืกืคืช ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘-'cut off'.
03:54
It's when somebody is speaking
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ื–ื” ื›ืฉืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืžื“ื‘ืจ
03:56
and they're trying to say something like, for example, tell a story
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืžื ืกื” ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ ืžืฉื”ื• ื›ืžื•, ืœืžืฉืœ, ืœืกืคืจ ืกื™ืคื•ืจ
03:58
and the other person stops them from speaking โ€”
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ื•ื”ืื“ื ื”ืฉื ื™ ืžืคืกื™ืง ืื•ืชื ืžืœื“ื‘ืจ -
04:01
Oh yeah! Can I just 'cut you off' there please, Roy?
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ืื” ื›ืŸ! ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืคืฉื•ื˜ 'ืœื ืชืง ืื•ืชืš' ืฉื ื‘ื‘ืงืฉื”, ืจื•ื™?
04:03
Well, you did, didn't you?
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืขืฉื™ืช, ืœื?
04:04
I don't want to hear one of your stories again, OK?
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ืื ื™ ืœื ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืฉืžื•ืข ืืช ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœืš ืฉื•ื‘, ื‘ืกื“ืจ?
04:07
But it's about my dog!
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืงืฉื•ืจ ืœื›ืœื‘ ืฉืœื™!
04:09
I'm going to 'cut you off' there.
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ืื ื™ ื”ื•ืœืš 'ืœื—ืชื•ืš ืื•ืชืš' ืฉื.
04:11
Great example! So, you stopped me from speaking.
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ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืžืฆื•ื™ื ืช! ืื– ืขืฆืจืช ืื•ืชื™ ืžืœื“ื‘ืจ. ืฉื•ื‘
04:14
You ended my communication again, if you like.
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ืกื™ื™ืžืช ืืช ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ืฉืœื™ , ืื ืชืจืฆื”.
04:16
Yeah, I'm going to 'cut you off' again
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ื›ืŸ, ืื ื™ ื”ื•ืœืš 'ืœื—ืชื•ืš ืื•ืชืš' ืฉื•ื‘
04:18
and let's have a summary of that expression:
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ื•ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืขืฉื” ืกื™ื›ื•ื ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื”ื–ื”:
04:21
Very good.
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ื˜ื•ื‘ ืžืื•ื“.
04:29
We've talked quite a bit about coronavirus here on News Review.
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ื“ื™ื‘ืจื ื• ืœื ืžืขื˜ ืขืœ ื ื’ื™ืฃ ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ื›ืืŸ ื‘-News Review.
04:33
Now, one of the strains that developed last year
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืื—ื“ ื”ื–ื ื™ื ืฉื”ืชืคืชื—ื• ื‘ืฉื ื” ืฉืขื‘ืจื”
04:35
meant that the UK was 'cut off' โ€”
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ื’ืจื ืœื›ืš ืฉื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื” 'ื ืชืงื”' -
04:38
there's that expression again: 'cut off' โ€”
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ื™ืฉ ืฉื•ื‘ ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื”ื–ื” : 'ื ืชืง' -
04:40
because we weren't allowed to travel.
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ื›ื™ ืืกื•ืจ ื”ื™ื” ืœื ื• ืœื ืกื•ืข.
04:42
So, how can we watch that video again please, Roy?
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ืื– ืื™ืš ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืฆืคื•ืช ื‘ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื” ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ื‘ืงืฉื”, ืจื•ื™?
04:45
All you need to do is click the link in the description below.
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ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืืชื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื”ื•ื ืœืœื—ื•ืฅ ืขืœ ื”ืงื™ืฉื•ืจ ื‘ืชื™ืื•ืจ ืœืžื˜ื”.
04:48
Just down below. Thank you.
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ืžืžืฉ ืœืžื˜ื”. ืชื•ื“ื”.
04:50
Right, it's time now to look at our next news headline please.
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ื ื›ื•ืŸ, ื”ื’ื™ืข ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืœื”ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ื›ื•ืชืจืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื”ื‘ืื” ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ื‘ืงืฉื”.
04:54
OK. So, the next news headline comes from the Taiwan News and it reads:
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ื‘ืกื“ืจ. ืื–, ื›ื•ืชืจืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื”ื‘ืื” ืžื’ื™ืขื” ืžื”ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืฉืœ ื˜ื™ื™ื•ื•ืืŸ ื•ื”ื™ื ืื•ืžืจืช:
05:03
So, that's 'step up' โ€” increase intensity of something.
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ืื–, ื–ื” 'ืขืœื™ื™ื” ืžื“ืจื’ื”' - ืœื”ื’ื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืื™ื ื˜ื ืกื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืฉื”ื•.
05:07
OK. So, it's another phrasal verb: 'step up'.
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ื‘ืกื“ืจ. ืื– ื–ื” ืขื•ื“ ืคื•ืขืœ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™: 'ืœืขืœื•ืช ืžื“ืจื’ื”'.
05:12
First word: 'step' โ€” S-T-E-P. Second word: 'up'.
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ืžื™ืœื” ืจืืฉื•ื ื”: 'ืฆืขื“' - S-T-E-P. ืžื™ืœื” ืฉื ื™ื™ื”: 'ืžืขืœื”'.
05:16
And it means to increase the intensity of something:
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ื•ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืœื”ื’ื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืื™ื ื˜ื ืกื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืฉื”ื•:
05:19
for example, 'step up' efforts.
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ืœืžืฉืœ, 'ืœื”ื’ื‘ื™ืจ' ืืช ื”ืžืืžืฆื™ื.
05:22
Quite commonly we say: 'Step up my effort.'
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ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืื ื• ืื•ืžืจื™ื: 'ืชื’ื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืžืืžืฅ ืฉืœื™'.
05:25
Or: 'Step up our efforts.'
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ืื•: 'ื”ื’ื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืžืืžืฆื™ื'.
05:27
OK. And also another example, I guess,
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ื‘ืกื“ืจ. ื•ื’ื ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ื ื•ืกืคืช, ืื ื™ ืžื ื™ื—,
05:29
ย  when a situation becomes dangerous,
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ื›ืืฉืจ ืžืฆื‘ ื”ื•ืคืš ืœืžืกื•ื›ืŸ,
05:32
we might 'step up' the security.
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ืื ื• ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื 'ืœื”ื’ื‘ื™ืจ' ืืช ื”ืื‘ื˜ื—ื”.
05:35
Yeah, that's correct.
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ื›ืŸ, ื–ื” ื ื›ื•ืŸ.
05:37
So, for example, maybe there's a bomb threat
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ืื–, ืœืžืฉืœ, ืื•ืœื™ ื™ืฉ ืื™ื•ื ื‘ืคืฆืฆื”
05:39
and people are worried,
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ื•ืื ืฉื™ื ืžื•ื“ืื’ื™ื,
05:41
so they decide to increase the number of security guards:
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ืื– ื”ื ืžื—ืœื™ื˜ื™ื ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืœ ืืช ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืžืื‘ื˜ื—ื™ื:
05:45
they 'step up' security.
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ื”ื 'ืžื’ื‘ื™ืจื™ื' ืืช ื”ืื‘ื˜ื—ื”.
05:48
OK. Now, my boss said the other day that I should 'step up' and take control.
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ื‘ืกื“ืจ. ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื”ื‘ื•ืก ืฉืœื™ ืืžืจ ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืžื” ื™ืžื™ื ืฉืื ื™ ืฆืจื™ืš 'ืœื”ื’ื‘ื™ืจ' ื•ืœื”ืฉืชืœื˜.
05:53
I mean, what does he mean by that?
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ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ืœืžื” ื”ื•ื ืžืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ ื‘ื–ื”?
05:55
Well, this is another meaning of the word 'step up'
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžื™ืœื” 'ืขืœื™ื™ื” ืžื“ืจื’ื”'
05:58
and it basically means to assume responsibility or to...
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ื•ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื” ื‘ืขืฆื ืœืงื—ืช ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืื• ืœ...
06:02
to take responsibility.
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ืœืงื—ืช ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช.
06:04
So, for example, he was telling you to take responsibility for the situation.
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ืื–, ืœืžืฉืœ, ื”ื•ื ืืžืจ ืœืš ืœืงื—ืช ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืžืฆื‘.
06:09
OK. Message understood.
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ื‘ืกื“ืจ. ื”ื”ื•ื“ืขื” ื”ื•ื‘ื ื”.
06:11
And finally, you can have 'a step-up' or 'a big step-up' in your career as well.
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ื•ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ, ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืงื‘ืœ 'ืขืœื™ื™ื” ืžื“ืจื’ื”' ืื• 'ืขืœื™ื™ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื”' ื’ื ื‘ืงืจื™ื™ืจื” ืฉืœืš.
06:16
Yeah, great example.
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ื›ืŸ, ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืžืฆื•ื™ื ืช.
06:18
So, for example, maybe you're a worker โ€”
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ืื–, ืœืžืฉืœ, ืื•ืœื™ ืืชื” ืขื•ื‘ื“ -
06:20
just a, sort of, middle, mid-level worker,
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ืจืง, ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ, ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื‘ื™ื ื•ื ื™, ื‘ื™ื ื•ื ื™ ,
06:22
middle management โ€” I don't know.
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ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื™ื - ืื ื™ ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืข.
06:24
And suddenly you get promoted several levels
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ื•ืคืชืื•ื ืืชื” ืžืชืงื“ื ื‘ื›ืžื” ืจืžื•ืช
06:27
to become the CEO of the company.
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ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื ื›"ืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื”.
06:30
It's 'a big step-up' in your career.
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ื–ื” 'ืขืœื™ื™ืช ืžื“ืจื’ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื”' ื‘ืงืจื™ื™ืจื” ืฉืœืš.
06:34
The step up in that sense is hyphenated and it's a noun,
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ื”ืžื“ืจื’ื” ืœืžืขืœื” ื‘ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ื”ื–ื” ื”ื™ื ืžืงืฃ ื•ื–ื” ืฉื ืขืฆื,
06:37
so the hyphen comes: 'step-up'.
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ืื– ื”ืžืงืฃ ื‘ื: 'ืขืœื™ื™ื” ืžื“ืจื’ื”'.
06:40
Great. Thanks for that explanation of 'step up'.
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ื’ื“ื•ืœ. ืชื•ื“ื” ืขืœ ื”ื”ืกื‘ืจ ื”ื–ื” ืฉืœ 'ืขืœื™ื™ื” ืžื“ืจื’ื”'.
06:43
Let's have a summary:
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ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืขืฉื” ืกื™ื›ื•ื:
06:52
We've made a programme about the active and passive voice.
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ื”ื›ื ื• ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืขืœ ื”ืงื•ืœ ื”ืืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ ื•ื”ืคืืกื™ื‘ื™.
06:55
So, Roy, tell us how we can watch it.
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ืื–, ืจื•ืขื™, ืกืคืจ ืœื ื• ืื™ืš ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฆืคื•ืช ื‘ื–ื”.
06:59
Well, all you need to do is click the link in the description below.
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืืชื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื”ื•ื ืœืœื—ื•ืฅ ืขืœ ื”ืงื™ืฉื•ืจ ื‘ืชื™ืื•ืจ ืœืžื˜ื”.
07:03
Just down below. Great.
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ืžืžืฉ ืœืžื˜ื”. ื’ื“ื•ืœ.
07:04
Let's have a look now at your next news headline please.
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ื‘ื•ื ื ืกืชื›ืœ ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื‘ื›ื•ืชืจืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื”ื‘ืื” ืฉืœืš ื‘ื‘ืงืฉื”.
07:07
Yes. OK. So, our next headline comes from 9News Australia and it reads:
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ื›ืŸ. ื‘ืกื“ืจ. ืื–, ื”ื›ื•ืชืจืช ื”ื‘ืื” ืฉืœื ื• ืžื’ื™ืขื” ืž-9News ืื•ืกื˜ืจืœื™ื” ื•ื”ื™ื ืื•ืžืจืช:
07:19
That's 'go dark' โ€” stop communications, especially for a long period of time.
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ื–ื” 'ืœื”ื—ืฉื™ืš' - ืขืฆื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช, ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืœืชืงื•ืคื” ืืจื•ื›ื”.
07:25
Yes. So, this is a two-word expression.
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ื›ืŸ. ืื– ื–ื”ื• ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื‘ืŸ ืฉืชื™ ืžื™ืœื™ื.
07:28
First word: 'go' โ€” G-O. Second word: 'dark' โ€” D-A-R-K.
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ืžื™ืœื” ืจืืฉื•ื ื”: 'ืœืš' - G-O. ืžื™ืœื” ืฉื ื™ื”: 'ื—ื•ืฉืš' โ€” ื“-ื-ืจ-ืง.
07:34
And it means to be out of communications or to stop communication.
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ื•ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ืื• ืœื”ืคืกื™ืง ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช.
07:39
OK. And I've heard this expression used quite a bit in spy movies
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ื‘ืกื“ืจ. ื•ืฉืžืขืชื™ ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื”ื–ื” ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืœื ืžืขื˜ ื‘ืกืจื˜ื™ ืจื™ื’ื•ืœ
07:43
when, you know, spies 'go dark'.
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ื›ืืฉืจ, ืืชื” ื™ื•ื“ืข, ืžืจื’ืœื™ื 'ืžืชื—ืฉื™ื›ื™ื'.
07:46
Yeah. Great example.
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ื›ึผึตืŸ. ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืžืฆื•ื™ื ืช.
07:47
So, for example, maybe a spy or a secret agent is on a secret mission
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ืื–, ืœืžืฉืœ, ืื•ืœื™ ืžืจื’ืœ ืื• ืกื•ื›ืŸ ื—ืฉืื™ ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ืžืฉื™ืžื” ืกื•ื“ื™ืช
07:52
and we say that they are undercover,
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉื”ื ืžืกืชืขืจื‘ื™ื,
07:54
where they are on this secret mission pretending to be somebody different,
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ืื™ืคื” ืฉื”ื ื‘ืžืฉื™ืžื” ื”ืกื•ื“ื™ืช ื”ื–ื• ืžืขืžื™ื“ื™ื ืคื ื™ื ืฉื”ื ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืื—ืจ,
07:59
and then suddenly they are worried
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ื•ืื– ืคืชืื•ื ื”ื ืžื•ื“ืื’ื™ื
08:01
that somebody has discovered that they are a spy,
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ืฉืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื’ื™ืœื” ืฉื”ื ื”ื ืžืจื’ืœื™ื,
08:05
so they decide to 'go dark',
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ืื– ื”ื ืžื—ืœื™ื˜ื™ื 'ืœื”ื—ืฉื™ืš',
08:07
which means they stop communications.
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ืžื” ืฉืื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ื ืžืคืกื™ืงื™ื ืืช ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช.
08:09
Effectively they... they disappear.
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ืœืžืขืฉื” ื”ื... ื”ื ื ืขืœืžื™ื.
08:12
Yeah, just to clarify, they're not 'going dark' by turning the lights off.
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ื›ืŸ, ืจืง ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื”ื™ืจ, ื”ื ืœื 'ืžืชื—ืฉื™ื›ื™ื' ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื›ื™ื‘ื•ื™ ื”ืื•ืจื•ืช.
08:17
No, no. An interesting expression there
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ืœื ืœื. ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ
08:20
is when we talk about their secret identity being discovered,
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ื™ืฉ ื›ืฉืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ื”ื–ื”ื•ืช ื”ืกื•ื“ื™ืช ืฉืœื”ื,
08:25
we say they have a cover identity and then we say:
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ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ื–ื”ื•ืช ื›ื™ืกื•ื™ ื•ืื– ืื•ืžืจื™ื:
08:28
'Their cover has been blown.'
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'ื”ื›ื™ืกื•ื™ ืฉืœื”ื ื”ืชืคื•ืฆืฅ'.
08:30
To blow somebody's cover, which means to reveal them,
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ืœืคื•ืฆืฅ ื›ื™ืกื•ื™ ืฉืœ ืžื™ืฉื”ื•, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืœื—ืฉื•ืฃ ืื•ืชื,
08:33
and that is the reason that they disappear.
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ื•ื–ื• ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉื”ื ื ืขืœืžื™ื.
08:34
They stop communicating.
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ื”ื ืžืคืกื™ืงื™ื ืœืชืงืฉืจ.
08:36
They 'go dark'.
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ื”ื 'ืžืชื—ืฉื›ื™ื'.
08:38
But we're not talking about spies here, are we?
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ืืŸ ืขืœ ืžืจื’ืœื™ื, ื ื›ื•ืŸ?
08:40
We're getting back to this news story here.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื•ื–ืจื™ื ืœืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื—ื“ืฉื•ืชื™ ื”ื–ื” ื›ืืŸ.
08:43
No, we're not. So, for example,
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ืœื, ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื. ืื–, ืœืžืฉืœ,
08:45
in the case of the headline when we're talking about Tonga 'going dark',
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ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ื›ื•ืชืจืช ื›ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื˜ื•ื ื’ื” 'ืžืชื—ืฉื›ื”',
08:49
it basically means, because of this situation,
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ื–ื” ื‘ืขืฆื ืื•ืžืจ, ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ืžืฆื‘ ื”ื–ื”,
08:52
their communications have gone down.
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ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ืฉืœื”ื ื™ืจื“ื”.
08:54
It means that they're no longer able to communicate.
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ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ื ื›ื‘ืจ ืœื ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœืชืงืฉืจ.
08:57
Now, another way that we maybe use 'go dark' is,
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ื›ืขืช, ื“ืจืš ื ื•ืกืคืช ืฉื‘ื” ืื ื• ืื•ืœื™ ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘-'go dark' ื”ื™ื,
09:01
for example, a celebrity on social media.
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ืœืžืฉืœ, ืกืœื‘ืจื™ื˜ื™ ื‘ืžื“ื™ื” ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช.
09:04
If they stop using social media for a while,
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ืื ื”ื ื™ืคืกื™ืงื• ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืžื“ื™ื” ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช ืœื–ืžืŸ ืžื”,
09:06
we could say that the celebrity has 'gone dark'.
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ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ื™ื“ื•ืขืŸ 'ื”ื—ืฉื™ืš'.
09:09
Or in terms of a company, if they cease or stop activities,
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ืื• ื‘ืžื•ื ื—ื™ื ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื”, ืื ื”ื ืžืคืกื™ืงื™ื ืื• ืžืคืกื™ืงื™ื ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช,
09:14
or again communication,
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ืื• ืฉื•ื‘ ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช,
09:16
we may say that that company has 'gone dark',
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ื–ื• 'ื”ืชื›ื”ื”',
09:18
but it's... it's more commonly used to talk about general communication.
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื”... ื ื”ื•ื’ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื›ืœืœื™ืช.
09:23
Great. Yeah, and of course, at the end the day,
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ื’ื“ื•ืœ. ื›ืŸ, ื•ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ื™ื•ื,
09:25
when the sun sets, it 'goes dark', doesn't it?
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ื›ืฉื”ืฉืžืฉ ืฉื•ืงืขืช, ื”ื•ื 'ืžืชื—ืฉืš', ืœื?
09:28
It does. No more daylight โ€” the end of the day.
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ื–ื” ืขื•ืฉื”. ืื™ืŸ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื•ืจ ื™ื•ื - ืกื•ืฃ ื”ื™ื•ื.
09:30
Suddenly the world 'goes dark'.
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ืคืชืื•ื ื”ืขื•ืœื 'ืžืชื—ืฉืš'.
09:32
OK. Let's have a summary of that expression:
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ื‘ืกื“ืจ. ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืขืฉื” ืกื™ื›ื•ื ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื”ื–ื”:
09:42
It's time now to have a recap of the expressions we've talked about today.
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ื”ื’ื™ืข ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืกื™ื›ื•ื ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ื™ื ืขืœื™ื”ื ื“ื™ื‘ืจื ื• ื”ื™ื•ื.
09:47
Could you tell us what they are please, Roy?
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ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ ืœื ื• ืžื” ื”ื ื‘ื‘ืงืฉื”, ืจื•ื™?
09:49
Yes. We had 'cut off' โ€” isolated; unable to be contacted.
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ื›ืŸ. "ื ืชืงื ื•" - ืžื‘ื•ื“ื“ื™ื; ืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืงืฉืจ.
09:54
We had 'step up' โ€” increase intensity of something.
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ื”ื™ื” ืœื ื• 'ืขืœื™ื™ื” ืžื“ืจื’ื”' - ืœื”ื’ื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืขื•ืฆืžื” ืฉืœ ืžืฉื”ื•.
09:59
And we had 'go dark' โ€” stop communications,
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ื•ื”ื™ื” ืœื ื• 'ืœื”ื—ืฉื™ืš' - ืœื”ืคืกื™ืง ืืช ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช,
10:03
especially for a long time.
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ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืžืฉืš ื–ืžืŸ ืจื‘.
10:04
And don't forget โ€” you can test yourself on this vocabulary
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ื•ืืœ ืชืฉื›ื— - ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืืช ืขืฆืžืš ืขืœ ืื•ืฆืจ ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื ื”ื–ื”
10:08
by going to our website, where there's a quiz,
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ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืืชืจ ืฉืœื ื•, ืฉื‘ื• ื™ืฉ ื—ื™ื“ื•ืŸ,
10:11
and of course our website is the place to go to
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ื•ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ื”ืืชืจ ืฉืœื ื• ื”ื•ื ื”ืžืงื•ื ืœืœื›ืช ืืœื™ื•
10:13
for lots of Learning English resources.
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ืœื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช.
10:15
The address is: bbclearningenglish.com.
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ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ืช ื”ื™ื: bbclearningenglish.com.
10:19
And don't forget โ€” you can check us out on social media as well.
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ื•ืืœ ืชืฉื›ื— - ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืื•ืชื ื• ื’ื ื‘ืžื“ื™ื” ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช.
10:23
Well, that's all for today's News Review.
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื–ื” ื”ื›ืœ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืกืงื™ืจืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื•ื.
10:25
Thank you for watching and see you next time.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืฉืฆืคื™ืชื ื•ื ืชืจืื” ื‘ืคืขื ื”ื‘ืื”.
10:28
Bye bye.
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ื‘ื™ื™ ื‘ื™ื™.
10:29
Bye!
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ื‘ื™ื™!
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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