Changing the earth's climate - 6 Minute English

129,260 views ใƒป 2021-12-16

BBC Learning English


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ. ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืžืชื•ืจื’ืžื•ืช ืžืชื•ืจื’ืžื•ืช ื‘ืžื›ื•ื ื”.

00:08
Hello. This is 6 Minute English
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ืฉืœื•ื. ื–ื•ื”ื™ 6 ื“ืงื•ืช ืื ื’ืœื™ืช
00:10
from BBC Learning English. I'm Neil.
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ืžื‘ื™ืช BBC Learning English. ืื ื™ ื ื™ืœ.
00:12
And I'm Sam.
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ื•ืื ื™ ืกื.
00:13
It's hard to feel positive when you hear about
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ืงืฉื” ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ ื›ืฉืืชื” ืฉื•ืžืข ืขืœ
00:16
climate change, don't you think, Neil?
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ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ ืืงืœื™ื, ืืชื” ืœื ื—ื•ืฉื‘, ื ื™ืœ?
00:18
Yes, according to the UN's Cop26 conference,
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ื›ืŸ, ืขืœ ืคื™ ื•ืขื™ื“ืช Cop26 ืฉืœ ื”ืื•"ื,
00:21
we're heading for a catastrophic
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœืงืจืืช
00:22
global temperature rise
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ืขืœื™ื™ืช ื˜ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืจื” ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืช ืงื˜ืกื˜ืจื•ืคืœื™ืช
00:24
of three degrees by the
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ืฉืœ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืžืขืœื•ืช ืขื“
00:25
end of this century...
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ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืžืื” ื”ื–ื•...
00:27
Fires are blazing from the
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ืฉืจื™ืคื•ืช ื‘ื•ืขืจื•ืช
00:28
Amazon to the Arctic...
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ืžื”ืืžื–ื•ื ืก ืœืื–ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืงื˜ื™...
00:29
And even if we stopped
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ื•ื’ื ืื ื”ืคืกืงื ื•
00:31
burning all fossil fuels
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ืœืฉืจื•ืฃ ืืช ื›ื•ืœื ื“ืœืงื™ื ืžืื•ื‘ื ื™ื
00:32
tomorrow, it would take
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ืžื—ืจ, ื™ื™ืงื—
00:34
decades to feel the effects.
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ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืฉื ื™ื ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช.
00:36
It's all very depressing!
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ื”ื›ืœ ืžืื•ื“ ืžื“ื›ื!
00:37
I agree, but there is hope
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ืื ื™ ืžืกื›ื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ื™ืฉ ืชืงื•ื•ื”
00:39
that catastrophes can be
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ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ
00:40
avoided thanks to some amazing
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ืœืžื ื•ืข ืงื˜ืกื˜ืจื•ืคื•ืช ื”ื•ื“ื•ืช ืœื›ืžื”
00:43
ideas by some very imaginative scientists.
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ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื™ื ืฉืœ ื›ืžื” ืžื“ืขื ื™ื ืžืœืื™ ื“ืžื™ื•ืŸ.
00:46
In this programme, we'll be
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ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื–ื•, ื ื“ื•ืŸ
00:47
discussing geoengineering -
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ื‘ื’ื™ืื•-ื”ื ื“ืกื” -
00:49
the name for a collection
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ื”ืฉื ืœืื•ืกืฃ
00:50
of new scientific plans
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ืฉืœ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืžื“ืขื™ื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช
00:52
to remove carbon from
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ืœื”ืกืจืช ืคื—ืžืŸ ืžื”ืื˜ืžื•ืกืคื™ืจื”
00:53
the atmosphere and
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00:55
stop global warming.
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ื•ืœืขืฆื™ืจืช ื”ืชื—ืžืžื•ืช ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ.
00:56
Also called 'climate repair', geoengineering
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ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื” ื’ื 'ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ืืงืœื™ื', ื”ื ื“ืกื” ื’ื™ืื•ื’ืจืคื™ืช
00:59
is still in the
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ื ืžืฆืืช ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ
01:00
experimental stages.
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ื‘ืฉืœื‘ื™ ื ื™ืกื•ื™.
01:02
Some technologies are
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ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืžืกื•ื™ืžื•ืช ืฉื ื•ื™ื•ืช
01:03
controversial because
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ื‘ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืŸ
01:04
they interfere with
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ืžืคืจื™ืขื•ืช
01:05
natural climate systems,
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ืœืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืืงืœื™ื ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช,
01:07
and others may not
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ื•ืื—ืจื•ืช ืื•ืœื™
01:08
even be possible.
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ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื• ืืคืฉืจื™ื•ืช.
01:09
One ingenious idea to cool the planet
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ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื’ืื•ื ื™ ืื—ื“ ืœืงืจืจ ืืช ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ
01:11
involves spraying diamond dust
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ื›ื•ืœืœ ืจื™ืกื•ืก ืื‘ืง ื™ื”ืœื•ืžื™ื
01:13
in the sky to deflect
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ื‘ืฉืžื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืกื™ื˜
01:15
the Sun's rays.
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ืืช ืงืจื ื™ ื”ืฉืžืฉ.
01:16
Amazing! But before we find out more,
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ืžื“ื”ื™ื! ืื‘ืœ ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื ื’ืœื” ื™ื•ืชืจ,
01:19
I have a question for you, Sam.
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ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ืฉืืœื” ืืœื™ืš, ืกืื.
01:21
Spraying diamond dust
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ืจื™ืกื•ืก ืื‘ืง ื™ื”ืœื•ืžื™ื
01:22
in the sky sounds
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ื‘ืฉืžื™ื™ื ื ืฉืžืข
01:23
futuristic, but in
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ืขืชื™ื“ื ื™, ืื‘ืœ
01:25
the 1960s there was a
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ื‘ืฉื ื•ืช ื”-60 ื”ื™ื™ืชื”
01:26
band who wrote a song
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ืœื”ืงื” ืฉื›ืชื‘ื” ืฉื™ืจ
01:27
called 'Lucy in the
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ื‘ืฉื 'ืœื•ืกื™
01:28
Sky with Diamonds'.
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ื‘ืฉืžื™ื™ื ืขื ื™ื”ืœื•ืžื™ื'.
01:30
But which band? Was it:
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ืื‘ืœ ืื™ื–ื• ืœื”ืงื”? ื”ืื ื–ื” ื”ื™ื”:
01:31
a) The Rolling Stones? b) The Beach Boys? or
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ื) ื”ืจื•ืœื™ื ื’ ืกื˜ื•ื ืก? ื‘) ื”ื‘ื™ืฅ' ื‘ื•ื™ื–? ืื•
01:34
c) The Beatles?
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ื’) ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ืœืก?
01:35
I think most people would say the answer
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืจื•ื‘ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื™ื’ื™ื“ื• ืฉื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”
01:38
is c) The Beatles.
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ื”ื™ื ื’) ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ืœืก.
01:39
OK, we'll find out the answer later in the
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ื‘ืกื“ืจ, ืืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื ื’ืœื” ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš
01:41
programme. Now, throwing
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ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช. ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื–ืจื™ืงืช
01:43
diamonds in the sky might
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ื™ื”ืœื•ืžื™ื ื‘ืฉืžื™ื™ื ืื•ืœื™
01:45
sound crazy but it's far
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ื ืฉืžืขืช ืžื˜ื•ืจืคืช, ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืจื—ื•ืง
01:47
from the wildest idea
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ืžืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืคืจื•ืข ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ
01:48
scientists have thought
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ืฉืžื“ืขื ื™ื ื—ืฉื‘ื•
01:49
up to decarbonise the planet.
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ืขืœ ืฉื—ืจื•ืจ ืคื—ืžืŸ ืฉืœ ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ.
01:51
Oceans hold sixteen times more
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ื”ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืกื™ื ืžื›ื™ืœื™ื ืคื™ ืฉื™ืฉื” ืขืฉืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ
01:53
carbon than the Earth's
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ืคื—ืžืŸ ืžื”ืื˜ืžื•ืกืคื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ
01:55
atmosphere and could hold even
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ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืง ืืคื™ืœื•
01:57
more if the fish and plankton living there
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ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื ืœื“ื’ื™ื ื•ืœืคืœื ืงื˜ื•ืŸ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉื
01:59
had more available
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ื”ื™ื• ื™ื•ืชืจ
02:00
nutrients - food that
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ื—ื•ืžืจื™ ื”ื–ื ื” ื–ืžื™ื ื™ื - ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ืขืœื™
02:02
animals and plants
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ื—ื™ื™ื ื•ืฆืžื—ื™ื
02:03
need to grow.
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ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื’ื“ืœ.
02:04
But how to provide these nutrients? Believe it
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ืื‘ืœ ืื™ืš ืœืกืคืง ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ื”ืžื–ื™ื ื™ื ื”ืืœื”? ืชืืžื™ื ื•
02:07
or not, one answer
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ืื• ืœื, ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืื—ืช
02:08
involves - you guessed
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ื›ื•ืœืœืช - ื ื™ื—ืฉืชื
02:10
it - whale poo!
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ื ื›ื•ืŸ - ืงืงื™ ืœื•ื•ื™ื™ืชืŸ!
02:11
David King chairs the Centre for Climate
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ื“ื™ื•ื•ื™ื“ ืงื™ื ื’ ืขื•ืžื“ ื‘ืจืืฉ ื”ืžืจื›ื– ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ืืงืœื™ื
02:14
Repair at Cambridge University.
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ื‘ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ืงื™ื™ืžื‘ืจื™ื“ื’'.
02:16
He explained how his
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ื”ื•ื ื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ื›ื™ืฆื“
02:17
unusual idea would work
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ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื™ื•ืฆื ื”ื“ื•ืคืŸ ืฉืœื• ื™ืขื‘ื•ื“
02:19
to BBC World Service
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ืœืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ ืฉืœ ื”-BBC
02:20
programme, Discovery:
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, Discovery:
02:24
Image now a pod of whales all
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Image now ืงื˜ืœื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืœื•ื•ื™ื™ืชื ื™ื ืฉื›ื•ืœื
02:26
coming up and pooing in the
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ืขื•ืœื™ื ื•ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืงืงื™ ื‘ืื•ืชื•
02:28
same area of the ocean.
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ืื–ื•ืจ ื‘ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก.
02:30
This could be in an eddy
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ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื–ืจื
02:32
current, and it could
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ืžืขืจื‘ื•ืœืช, ื•ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ
02:33
lead to something like
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ืœื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœื›ืš ืฉืžืฉื”ื• ื›ืžื•
02:34
10,000 to 20,000 square
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10,000 ืขื“ 20,000
02:36
kilometres being covered
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ืงืž"ืจ ืžื›ื•ืกื™ื
02:38
in nutrients, including iron.
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ื‘ื—ื•ืžืจื™ ื”ื–ื ื”, ื›ื•ืœืœ ื‘ืจื–ืœ.
02:40
And as we know from
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ื•ื›ืคื™ ืฉืื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื
02:41
observations today,
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ืžื”ืชืฆืคื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื•ื,
02:43
within three months that
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ื‘ืชื•ืš ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื
02:44
region is chock-a-block with fish.
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ื”ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ื–ื” ื’ื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ื“ื’ื™ื.
02:46
Whales live in groups called
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ืœื•ื•ื™ื™ืชื ื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ื”ื ืงืจืื•ืช
02:49
pods. They swim up to the
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ืชืจืžื™ืœื™ื. ื”ื ืฉื•ื—ื™ื ืขื“
02:51
ocean surface to poo, and
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ืคื ื™ ื”ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก โ€‹โ€‹ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืงืงื™, ื•ื ื™ืชืŸ
02:53
this poo can be spread
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ืœืคื–ืจ ืืช ื”ืงืงื™ ื”ื–ื”
02:55
in an eddy - a large current
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ื‘ืžืขืจื‘ื•ืœืช - ื–ืจื
02:57
of water moving in a
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ืžื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉื ืข
02:58
circular motion, like
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ื‘ืชื ื•ืขื” ืžืขื’ืœื™ืช, ื›ืžื•
02:59
a giant whirlpool.
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ืžืขืจื‘ื•ืœืช ืขื ืงื™ืช.
03:01
As a result, huge areas of
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ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžื›ืš, ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ืขืฆื•ืžื™ื
03:02
the ocean are covered in
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ื‘ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก โ€‹โ€‹ืžื›ื•ืกื™ื
03:04
nutrients, and become chock-a-block with
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ื‘ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืžื–ื™ื ื™ื, ื•ื”ื•ืคื›ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืœืื™
03:06
fish - an informal way to
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ื“ื’ื™ื - ื“ืจืš ืœื ืจืฉืžื™ืช
03:08
say 'full of fish'.
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ืœื•ืžืจ 'ืžืœื ื“ื’ื™ื'.
03:11
Another original idea being
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ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืžืงื•ืจื™ ื ื•ืกืฃ
03:12
explored is 'rock weathering'.
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ืฉื ื‘ื“ืง ื”ื•ื 'ื‘ืœื™ื™ืช ืกืœืข'.
03:14
Carbon is slowly locked into rocks
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ืคื—ืžืŸ ื ื ืขืœ ื‘ืื™ื˜ื™ื•ืช ืœืชื•ืš ืกืœืขื™ื
03:16
and mountains over thousands of years by
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ื•ื”ืจื™ื ื‘ืžืฉืš ืืœืคื™ ืฉื ื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™
03:19
natural geological processes.
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ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ื’ื™ืื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื™ื ื˜ื‘ืขื™ื™ื. ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ
03:21
This literally ground-breaking
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ืคื•ืจืฅ ื“ืจืš ื–ื”, ืคืฉื•ื˜ื• ื›ืžืฉืžืขื•,
03:23
idea would speed up the
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ื™ื–ืจื– ืืช
03:25
process by locking carbon
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ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื ืขื™ืœืช ืคื—ืžืŸ
03:27
into rocks that have been
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ืœืชื•ืš ืกืœืขื™ื ืฉื ื—ืคืจื•
03:28
dug up through industrial mining.
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ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื›ืจื™ื™ื” ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืชื™ืช.
03:30
Listen as geochemist,
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ื”ืื–ื™ื ื• ื›ื’ื™ืื•ื›ื™ืžืื™ืช,
03:32
Professor Rachael James, explains
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ืคืจื•ืคืกื•ืจ ืจื™ื™ืฆ'ืœ ื’'ื™ื™ืžืก, ืžืกื‘ื™ืจื” ืืช
03:33
her idea to BBC World Service's, Discovery:
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ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื” ืœ-BBC World Service, Discovery:
03:38
For every tonne of rock that's mined, only a
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ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื˜ื•ืŸ ืกืœืข ืฉื ื›ืจื”, ืจืง
03:42
very tiny proportion, a
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ื—ืœืง ื–ืขื™ืจ ืžืื•ื“,
03:44
couple of grams of that,
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ื›ืžื” ื’ืจื ืžื–ื”,
03:46
is actually diamond.
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ื”ื•ื ืœืžืขืฉื” ื™ื”ืœื•ื.
03:47
The rest of it is
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ื”ืฉืืจ ื”ื•ื
03:48
effectively waste. So,
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ืœืžืขืฉื” ืคืกื•ืœืช. ืื–,
03:51
mine waste material is
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ื—ื•ืžืจ ื”ืคืกื•ืœืช ืฉืœื™ ื”ื•ื
03:53
potentially a really great
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ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœ
03:55
source of material that
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ืžืงื•ืจ ื ื”ื“ืจ ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืžืจ ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ
03:56
could be repurposed for
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ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื• ืขื‘ื•ืจ
03:58
enhanced rock weathering
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ื‘ืœื™ื™ื” ืžืฉื•ืคืจืช ืฉืœ ืกืœืขื™ื
03:59
and I think that's really
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ื•ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื–ื” ืžืžืฉ
04:00
good because it creates
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ื˜ื•ื‘ ื›ื™ ื–ื” ื™ื•ืฆืจ
04:01
a circular economy.
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ื›ืœื›ืœื” ืžืขื’ืœื™ืช.
04:03
Mining for diamonds creates tonnes of waste
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ื›ืจื™ื™ืช ื™ื”ืœื•ืžื™ื ื™ื•ืฆืจืช ื˜ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ
04:06
rock which could be used
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ืคืกื•ืœืช ืื‘ืŸ ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืฉืžืฉ
04:08
to capture carbon.
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ืœืœื›ื™ื“ืช ืคื—ืžืŸ.
04:10
Professor James wants
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ืคืจื•ืคืกื•ืจ ื’'ื™ื™ืžืก ืจื•ืฆื”
04:11
to repurpose this rock -
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ืœื™ื™ืฉื ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืืช ื”ืกืœืข ื”ื–ื” -
04:13
to find a new use for it.
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ืœืžืฆื•ื ืœื• ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื—ื“ืฉ.
04:15
Not only would this lock more carbon, it also
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ืœื ืจืง ืฉื–ื” ื™ื—ืกืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืคื—ืžืŸ, ื–ื” ื’ื
04:18
creates a circular
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ื™ื•ืฆืจ
04:20
economy - an economic
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ื›ืœื›ืœื” ืžืขื’ืœื™ืช -
04:21
model which involves
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ืžื•ื“ืœ ื›ืœื›ืœื™ ื”ื›ื•ืœืœ
04:22
sharing, reusing and
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ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ, ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื—ื•ื–ืจ
04:24
recycling products for as
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ื•ืžื™ื—ื–ื•ืจ ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ืœืื•ืจืš ื–ืžืŸ ืจื‘
04:25
long as possible to avoid
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ื›ื›ืœ ื”ืืคืฉืจ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžื ื•ืข
04:27
waste and to reduce
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ื‘ื–ื‘ื•ื– ื•ืœื”ืคื—ื™ืช ืืช
04:28
levels of carbon.
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ืจืžื•ืช ื”ืคื—ืžืŸ.
04:30
While these ideas might sound
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ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื”ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืืœื” ืื•ืœื™ ื ืฉืžืขื™ื
04:31
strange, they're all theoretically possible.
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ืžื•ื–ืจื™ื, ื›ื•ืœื ืืคืฉืจื™ื™ื ืชื™ืื•ืจื˜ื™ืช.
04:35
And looking to science
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ื•ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ืื—ืจ
04:36
for positive solutions
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ืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ื™ื ื‘ืžื“ืข
04:37
reminds some people of
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ืžื–ื›ื™ืจ ืœื›ืžื” ืื ืฉื™ื ืืช ื”ืชื ื•ืขื”
04:39
the early ecological
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ื”ืืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืงื“ืžืช
04:40
movement which started in
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ืฉื”ื—ืœื”
04:41
the 1960s and now,
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ื‘ืฉื ื•ืช ื”-60 ื•ืขื›ืฉื™ื•,
04:43
fifty years later, is
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ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ื ืฉื ื” ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ,
04:45
being taken seriously.
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ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืกื™ื ื‘ืจืฆื™ื ื•ืช.
04:47
Speaking of the 1960s, it's time to reveal the
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ืื ื›ื‘ืจ ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ืฉื ื•ืช ื”-60, ื”ื’ื™ืข ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืœื—ืฉื•ืฃ ืืช
04:50
answer to my question, Sam.
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ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืœืฉืืœืชื™, ืกื.
04:52
Ah yes, you asked me which sixties band
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ืื” ื›ืŸ, ืฉืืœืช ืื•ืชื™ ืื™ื–ื• ืœื”ืงืช ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ืฉื™ื
04:55
wrote the song, 'Lucy in the
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ื›ืชื‘ื” ืืช ื”ืฉื™ืจ 'ืœื•ืกื™
04:56
Sky with Diamonds'I
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ื‘ืฉืžื™ื™ื ืขื ื™ื”ืœื•ืžื™ื'
04:58
said, confidently,
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ืืžืจืชื™ ื‘ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ
04:59
c) The Beatles.
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ื’) ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ืœืก.
05:00
Which was, of course... the correct answer!
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ืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื”, ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ... ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื”!
05:03
John Lennon and
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ื’'ื•ืŸ ืœื ื•ืŸ ื•ืคื•ืœ
05:04
Paul McCartney
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05:04
wrote the song in 1967
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ืžืงืจื˜ื ื™
ื›ืชื‘ื• ืืช ื”ืฉื™ืจ ื‘-1967
05:06
but I doubt even they
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ื‘ืกืคืง ืฉืืคื™ืœื• ื”ื
05:08
could have predicted
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ื™ื›ืœื• ืœื—ื–ื•ืช
05:09
that it would inspire
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ืฉื–ื” ื™ืขื•ืจืจ
05:10
a scientific idea to
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ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืžื“ืขื™
05:11
save the planet!
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ืœื”ืฆืœืช ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ!
05:13
OK, let's recap the vocabulary from the
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ื‘ืกื“ืจ, ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืกื›ื ืืช ืื•ืฆืจ ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื ืžื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช
05:15
programme, starting
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, ื”ื—ืœ
05:16
with nutrients - food
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ืžื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืžื–ื™ื ื™ื - ืžื–ื•ืŸ
05:18
that plants and animals
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ืฉืฆืžื—ื™ื ื•ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื
05:19
need to grow.
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ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื’ื“ืœ.
05:20
Whales and other sea mammals like dolphins
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ืœื•ื•ื™ื™ืชื ื™ื ื•ื™ื•ื ืงื™ ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ื›ืžื• ื“ื•ืœืคื™ื ื™ื
05:23
live in a group
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ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืฆื”
05:24
called 'a pod'.
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ื”ื ืงืจืืช 'ืชืจืžื™ืœ'.
05:25
An eddy is a large current of water moving
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ืžืขืจื‘ื•ืœืช ื”ื™ื ื–ืจื ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ืžื™ื ื”ื ืขื™ื
05:29
in a circular motion.
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ื‘ืชื ื•ืขื” ืžืขื’ืœื™ืช.
05:30
Chock-a-block is an informal way to say
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Chock-a-block ื”ื™ื ื“ืจืš ืœื ืจืฉืžื™ืช ืœื•ืžืจ
05:33
'full of something'.
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'ืžืœื ื‘ืžืฉื”ื•'.
05:34
If you 'repurpose' something,
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ืื ืืชื” 'ืžื—ื“ืฉ' ืžืฉื”ื•,
05:36
you find a new use for it - a use other than
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ืืชื” ืžื•ืฆื ืœื• ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื—ื“ืฉ - ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืื—ืจ ืžืžื”
05:39
what was originally intended.
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ืฉื”ื™ื” ืžื™ื•ืขื“ ื‘ืžืงื•ืจ.
05:41
And finally, the planet's future
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ื•ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ, ืขืชื™ื“ื• ืฉืœ ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ
05:43
might depend on the circular economy - an
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ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ื›ืœื›ืœื” ื”ืžืขื’ืœื™ืช -
05:45
economic system which
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ืžืขืจื›ืช ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช ืฉืžืขืจื™ื›ื”
05:47
values sharing, reusing
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ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ, ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื—ื•ื–ืจ
05:48
and recycling over
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ื•ืžื™ื—ื–ื•ืจ ืขืœ ืคื ื™
05:50
consumption and waste.
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ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ื•ืคืกื•ืœืช. ื”ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ื
05:51
These incredible scientific
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ื”ืžื“ืขื™ื™ื ื”ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื”ืืœื”
05:53
innovations might mean that time is not yet
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ืื•ืœื™ ืื•ืžืจื•ืช ืฉืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื
05:56
up for planet Earth - but
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ื”ื’ื™ืข ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืœื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ - ืื‘ืœ
05:57
time is up for
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ื”ื’ื™ืข ื”ื–ืžืŸ
05:58
this programme.
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ืœืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื–ื•.
05:59
Join us again soon for more
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ื”ืฆื˜ืจืคื• ืืœื™ื ื• ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืงืจื•ื‘
06:01
trending topics and related vocabulary here
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ืœื ื•ืฉืื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ื•ืื•ืฆืจ ืžื™ืœื™ื ืงืฉื•ืจ ื›ืืŸ
06:03
at 6 Minute English.
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ื‘-6 ื“ืงื•ืช ืื ื’ืœื™ืช.
06:04
Goodbye for now!
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ืœื”ืชืจืื•ืช ืœื‘ื™ื ืชื™ื™ื!
06:06
Bye!
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ื‘ื™ื™!
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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