Which are more dangerous: sharks or humans? - 6 Minute English

121,672 views ใƒป 2022-07-21

BBC Learning English


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ. ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืžืชื•ืจื’ืžื•ืช ืžืชื•ืจื’ืžื•ืช ื‘ืžื›ื•ื ื”.

00:02
Hello.
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ืฉืœื•ื.
00:09
This is 6 Minute English
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ื–ื•ื”ื™ 6 ื“ืงื•ืช ืื ื’ืœื™ืช
00:10
from BBC Learning English.
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ืžื‘ื™ืช BBC Learning English.
00:11
I'm Sam.
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ืื ื™ ืกืื.
00:12
And I'm Rob.
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ื•ืื ื™ ืจื•ื‘.
00:13
Now, on Friday
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ื›ืขืช, ื‘ื™ื•ื ืฉื™ืฉื™
00:17
the 29th of June 1975,
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ื”-29 ื‘ื™ื•ื ื™ 1975,
00:18
movie posters appeared in
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ื”ื•ืคื™ืขื• ืคื•ืกื˜ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ืกืจื˜ื™ื
00:19
cinemas all over the
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ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ืงื•ืœื ื•ืข ื‘ื›ืœ ืจื—ื‘ื™
00:20
USA with the now
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ืืจื”"ื‘ ืขื
00:22
notorious words: 'You'll
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ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื ื”ื™ื“ื•ืขื•ืช ืœืฉืžืฆื”: "ืœืขื•ืœื
00:23
never go in the water
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ืœื ืชืœืš
00:25
again'.
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ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืžื™ื".
00:26
So, do you know
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ืื–, ืืชื” ื™ื•ื“ืข
00:27
which movie was being
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ืื™ื–ื” ืกืจื˜ ื”ื™ื”
00:28
promoted, Sam?
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ืžืงื•ื“ื, ืกื?
00:29
Yes, I think it was
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ื›ืŸ, ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื–ื” ื”ื™ื”
00:30
'Jaws' - Steven Spielberg's
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'ืžืœืชืขื•ืช' -
00:32
infamous horror movie
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ืกืจื˜ ื”ืื™ืžื” ื”ื™ื“ื•ืข ืœืฉืžืฆื” ืฉืœ ืกื˜ื™ื‘ืŸ ืกืคื™ืœื‘ืจื’
00:34
which terrified a
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ืฉื”ืคื—ื™ื“
00:35
generation with its
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ื“ื•ืจ ืขื
00:36
story of a man-eating
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ืกื™ืคื•ืจื• ืฉืœ
00:38
great white shark with
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ื›ืจื™ืฉ ืœื‘ืŸ ืื•ื›ืœ ืื“ื ืขื
00:39
a taste for revenge
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ื˜ืขื ืœื ืงืžื”
00:41
and for human flesh.
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ื•ืœื‘ืฉืจ ืื“ื.
00:43
Jaws multiplied people's
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ืžืœืชืขื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ื™ืœื• ืืช
00:45
fascination with, and
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ื”ืงืกื
00:46
fear of, sharks.
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ื•ื”ืคื—ื“ ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ืžื›ืจื™ืฉื™ื.
00:48
But sharks' fearsome
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืžื•ื ื™ื˜ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืคื—ื™ื“ ืฉืœ ื”ื›ืจื™ืฉื™ื
00:50
reputation is not based
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ืื™ื ื• ืžื‘ื•ืกืก
00:52
on facts: most attacks
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ืขืœ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื•ืช: ืจื•ื‘ ื”ื”ืชืงืคื•ืช
00:54
on humans are cases
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ืขืœ ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ื”ืŸ ืžืงืจื™ื
00:56
of mistaken identity,
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ืฉืœ ื˜ืขื•ืช ื‘ื–ื”ื•ืช,
00:58
where the shark mistakes
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ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื›ืจื™ืฉ ืžื˜ืขื” ืฉืฉื—ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื
00:59
a swimmer for fish.
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ื“ื’.
01:01
In recent years the
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ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืžืกืคืจ
01:02
average annual number
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ื”ืฉื ืชื™ ื”ืžืžื•ืฆืข
01:03
of worldwide deaths
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ืฉืœ ืžืงืจื™ ืžื•ื•ืช ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื
01:05
from shark bites was
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ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžืขืงื™ืฆื•ืช ื›ืจื™ืฉื™ื ื”ื™ื”
01:06
as low as four.
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ื ืžื•ืš ืžืืจื‘ืขื”.
01:08
Today sharks should
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ื›ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ืจื™ืฉื™ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื
01:09
be the apex predators
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ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื˜ื•ืจืคื™ ื”ืฉื™ื
01:10
of the ocean - the top
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ืฉืœ ื”ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก โ€‹โ€‹-
01:12
predator that hunts
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ื”ื˜ื•ืจืฃ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืฆื“
01:13
and eats other animals
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ื•ืื•ื›ืœ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื
01:15
but has no natural
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ืื‘ืœ ืื™ืŸ ืœื•
01:16
predator of its own.
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ื˜ื•ืจืฃ ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ืžืฉืœื•.
01:18
Instead, over 100 million
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ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื–ืืช, ืœืžืขืœื” ืž-100 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ
01:20
sharks are caught and
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ื›ืจื™ืฉื™ื ื ืชืคืกื™ื
01:22
killed each year and,
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ื•ื ื”ืจื’ื™ื ืžื“ื™ ืฉื ื”,
01:23
thanks to this overfishing,
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ื•ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ื“ื™ื’ ื™ืชืจ ื–ื”, ืžื™ื ื™
01:25
many shark species are
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ื›ืจื™ืฉื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื ืžืฆืื™ื
01:26
now endangered.
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ื›ืขืช ื‘ืกื›ื ืช ื”ื›ื—ื“ื”.
01:28
We'll
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01:29
hear more soon, but
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ื ืฉืžืข ืขื•ื“ ื‘ืงืจื•ื‘, ืื‘ืœ
01:30
first I have a question
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ืงื•ื“ื ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ืฉืืœื”
01:31
for you, Rob.
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ืืœื™ืš, ืจื•ื‘.
01:33
Approximately, how many
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ื‘ืขืจืš, ื›ืžื”
01:34
different species of
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ืžื™ื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ
01:35
shark exist today?
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ื›ืจื™ืฉ ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ื”ื™ื•ื?
01:38
Is it: a) 330?
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ื”ืื ื–ื”: ื) 330?
01:40
b) 530?
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ื‘) 530?
01:42
or
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ืื•
01:43
c) 730?
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ื’) 730?
01:45
Well, I'll take a
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืื ื™
01:46
guess at b) 530.
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ืื ื—ืฉ ื‘-b) 530.
01:48
OK, I'll reveal the
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ื‘ืกื“ืจ, ืื ื™ ืื’ืœื” ืืช
01:50
correct answer later
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ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื” ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš
01:51
in the programme.
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ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช.
01:52
Now, as Sam mentioned,
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ื›ืขืช, ื›ืคื™ ืฉืกืื ื”ื–ื›ื™ืจ,
01:54
'Jaws' made many people
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'ืžืœืชืขื•ืช' ื’ืจืžื• ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื
01:55
nervous about swimming
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ืœืขืฆื‘ืŸ ืขืœ ืฉื—ื™ื™ื”
01:57
in the sea, largely
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ื‘ื™ื, ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ
01:58
thanks to scenes in the
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ื”ื•ื“ื•ืช ืœืกืฆื™ื ื•ืช ื‘ืกืจื˜
01:59
movie showing the shark
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ื”ืžืจืื•ืช ืืช
02:00
biting swimmers in a
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ื”ื›ืจื™ืฉื™ื ื ื•ืฉื›ื™ื ืฉื—ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ื˜ื™ืจื•ืฃ
02:02
frenzy of teeth
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ืฉืœ ืฉื™ื ื™ื™ื
02:03
and blood.
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ื•ื“ื.
02:04
George Burgess has spent
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ื’'ื•ืจื’' ื‘ืจื’'ืก ื‘ื™ืœื”
02:06
40 years studying the
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40 ืฉื ื” ื‘ื—ืงืจ
02:07
cause of shark attacks
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ื”ื’ื•ืจื ืœื”ืชืงืคื•ืช ื›ืจื™ืฉื™ื
02:09
in his job as director
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ื‘ืชืคืงื™ื“ื• ื›ืžื ื”ืœ
02:10
of the Florida Programme
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ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืคืœื•ืจื™ื“ื”
02:12
for Shark Research.
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ืœื—ืงืจ ื”ื›ืจื™ืฉื™ื.
02:14
According to him, the
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ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื•,
02:15
movie's depiction of
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ืชื™ืื•ืจ ื”ืกืจื˜ ืฉืœ
02:16
great whites is totally
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ื”ืœื‘ื ื™ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื
02:18
unrealistic, as he told
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ืื™ื ื• ืžืฆื™ืื•ืชื™ ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ, ื›ืคื™ ืฉืกื™ืคืจ ืœืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช
02:20
BBC World Service
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BBC World Service
02:21
programme, The Inquiry.
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, The Inquiry.
02:23
Will a single shark that's
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ื”ืื ื›ืจื™ืฉ ื‘ื•ื“ื“
02:25
involved in a bite on a
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ืฉืžืขื•ืจื‘ ื‘ื ืฉื™ื›ื”
02:26
human be more likely to
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ื‘ืื“ื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ
02:28
bite another human in
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ืœื ืฉื•ืš ืื“ื ืื—ืจ
02:29
the future?
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ื‘ืขืชื™ื“?
02:30
In other
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ื‘ืžื™ืœื™ื ืื—ืจื•ืช
02:31
words, is there
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, ื”ืื ื™ืฉ
02:32
something of the 'Jaws'
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ืžืฉื”ื• ืžืชืžื•ื ืช ื”'ืžืœืชืขื•ืช'
02:33
image as we saw,
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ื›ืคื™ ืฉืจืื™ื ื•,
02:34
unfortunately, in the
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ืœืžืจื‘ื” ื”ืฆืขืจ, ื‘ืกืจื˜ื™ื ืฉืœื”
02:36
movies of which you
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02:37
had a white shark that,
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ื”ื™ื” ืœืš ื›ืจื™ืฉ ืœื‘ืŸ
02:39
apparently, had a
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ืฉื›ื ืจืื” ื”ื™ื” ืœื•
02:40
grudge and would
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ื˜ื™ื ื” ื•ื”ื•ื
02:41
try to go after
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ื™ื ืกื” ืœืจื“ื•ืฃ ืื—ืจื™
02:42
humans...
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ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื...
02:43
well,
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ,
02:44
nothing could be
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ืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช
02:45
further from the truth
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ืจื—ื•ืง ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื”ืืžืช
02:46
than that.
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ืžื–ื”.
02:47
In the movie, sharks
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ื‘ืกืจื˜, ื›ืจื™ืฉื™ื
02:48
are portrayed as vengeful
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ืžื•ืฆื’ื™ื ื›ื™ืฆื•ืจื™ื ื ืงืžื ื™ื™ื
02:49
creatures who recognise
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ื”ืžื–ื”ื™ื
02:50
and try to kill
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ื•ืžื ืกื™ื ืœื”ืจื•ื’
02:51
individual people.
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ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื•ื“ื“ื™ื.
02:52
The shark in 'Jaws' had
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ืœื›ืจื™ืฉ ื‘'ืžืœืชืขื•ืช' ื”ื™ื”
02:53
a grudge - a feeling
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ื˜ื™ื ื” - ืชื—ื•ืฉื”
02:54
of anger or hatred
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ืฉืœ ื›ืขืก ืื• ืฉื ืื”
02:55
towards someone because
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ื›ืœืคื™ ืžื™ืฉื”ื•
02:57
of what they did
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืขืฉื”
02:58
in the past.
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ื‘ืขื‘ืจ.
02:59
According to marine
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ืœื“ื‘ืจื™
03:00
biologist, George Burgess,
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ื”ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ ื”ื™ืžื™, ื’'ื•ืจื’' ื‘ืจื’'ืก,
03:02
this is nothing like
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ืื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื“ื•ืžื”
03:03
the real behaviour of
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ืœื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ืช ืฉืœ
03:04
sharks in the wild.
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ื›ืจื™ืฉื™ื ื‘ื˜ื‘ืข.
03:06
He
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03:07
says nothing could be
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ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื•, ืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืื™ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช
03:08
further from the
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ืจื—ื•ืง ื™ื•ืชืจ
03:09
truth - an expression
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ืžื”ืืžืช - ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™
03:10
used to emphasise that
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ื”ืžืฉืžืฉ ืœื”ื“ื’ื™ืฉ
03:12
something is not
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ืฉืžืฉื”ื• ืื™ื ื•
03:13
true at all.
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ื ื›ื•ืŸ ื›ืœืœ.
03:14
The actual truth is that
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ื”ืืžืช ื”ื™ื
03:15
sharks have been
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ืฉื›ืจื™ืฉื™ื
03:16
perfectly designed by
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ืขื•ืฆื‘ื• ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืžื•ืฉืœืžืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™
03:18
evolution for their
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ื”ืื‘ื•ืœื•ืฆื™ื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ
03:19
ocean environment.
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ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืช ื”ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก โ€‹โ€‹ืฉืœื”ื.
03:20
In fact, they have
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ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื”ื
03:21
hardly changed over
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ื›ืžืขื˜ ื•ืœื ื”ืฉืชื ื• ื‘ืžื”ืœืš
03:23
the last 400 million
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400 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ
03:25
years, making them
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ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช, ืžื” ืฉื”ืคืš ืื•ืชื
03:26
even older than
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ืœืžื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื ืืคื™ืœื• ื™ื•ืชืจ
03:27
the dinosaurs.
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ืžื”ื“ื™ื ื•ื–ืื•ืจื™ื. ื”ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘
03:28
Sharks' characteristic
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ื”ืื•ืคื™ื™ื ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื›ืจื™ืฉื™ื
03:30
design - their fin,
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- ื”ืกื ืคื™ืจ,
03:32
teeth and skin - allows
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ื”ืฉื™ื ื™ื™ื ื•ื”ืขื•ืจ - ืžืืคืฉืจ
03:34
them to thrive in their
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ืœื”ื ืœืฉื’ืฉื’ ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื
03:36
natural environment.
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ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช.
03:38
Listen to Oliver Crimmin,
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ื”ืื–ื™ื ื• ืœืื•ืœื™ื‘ืจ ืงืจื™ืžื™ืŸ,
03:40
senior curator at London's
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ืื•ืฆืจ ื‘ื›ื™ืจ
03:41
Natural History Museum,
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ื‘ืžื•ื–ื™ืื•ืŸ ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ืฉืœ ืœื•ื ื“ื•ืŸ,
03:43
explaining more to BBC
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ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช
03:45
World Service programme,
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ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ ืฉืœ BBC,
03:46
The Inquiry.
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The Inquiry.
03:48
If we look at the really
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ืื ื ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ
03:49
successful features of
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ื”ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆืœื—ื•ืช ื‘ืืžืช ืฉืœ
03:50
sharks you've got to
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ื›ืจื™ืฉื™ื, ืืชื” ืฆืจื™ืš
03:51
consider this
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ืœืฉืงื•ืœ ืืช
03:52
cartilaginous skeleton -
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ื”ืฉืœื“ ื”ืกื—ื•ืกื™ ื”ื–ื” -
03:53
that's no bone in the
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ื–ื” ืœื ืขืฆื
03:55
skeleton.
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ื‘ืฉืœื“. ื”ื—ื•ืžืจ
03:56
That flexible
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ื”ื’ืžื™ืฉ ื”ื–ื”
03:57
material that the
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ืฉืžืžื ื•
03:58
skeleton is made of
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ืขืฉื•ื™ ื”ืฉืœื“
03:59
enables sharks to be
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ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœื›ืจื™ืฉื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช
04:00
very agile, and it
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ื–ืจื™ื–ื™ื ืžืื•ื“, ื•ื”ื•ื
04:02
enables them to be
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ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช
04:03
athletic and
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ืืชืœื˜ื™ื™ื ื•ื”ื•ื
04:05
it's lightweight.
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ืงืœ ืžืฉืงืœ.
04:07
Sharks' skeletons are
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ื”ืฉืœื“ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื›ืจื™ืฉื™ื
04:08
made of cartilage, not bone.
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ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืžืกื—ื•ืก, ืœื ืžืขืฆื.
04:11
Cartilage is a strong
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ืกื—ื•ืก ื”ื•ื
04:12
flexible tissue which
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ืจืงืžื” ื’ืžื™ืฉื” ื—ื–ืงื”
04:14
connects joints in the
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ื”ืžื—ื‘ืจืช ืžืคืจืงื™ื ื‘ื’ื•ืคื
04:15
bodies of living creatures.
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ืฉืœ ื™ืฆื•ืจื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื.
04:17
Feel for the bony material
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ื”ืจื’ื™ืฉื• ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืžืจ ื”ื’ืจืžื™
04:19
in the fold of your
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ื‘ืงืคืœ
04:20
ear - that's cartilage.
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ื”ืื•ื–ืŸ - ื–ื” ืกื—ื•ืก.
04:22
Not having bones allows
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ื—ื•ืกืจ ืขืฆืžื•ืช ืžืืคืฉืจ
04:23
sharks to be both
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ืœื›ืจื™ืฉื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื’ื
04:24
flexible - able to bend
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ื’ืžื™ืฉื™ื - ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœื”ืชื›ื•ืคืฃ
04:26
without breaking, and
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ืžื‘ืœื™ ืœื”ื™ืฉื‘ืจ, ื•ื’ื
04:28
agile - able to move
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ื–ืจื™ื–ื™ื - ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœื”ื ื™ืข ืืช
04:29
their body quickly and
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ื’ื•ืคื ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื‘ืงืœื•ืช
04:31
easily.
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.
04:32
Boneless, bendy,
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ืœืœื ืขืฆืžื•ืช, ื›ืคื•ืฃ
04:34
and built for speed,
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ื•ื‘ื ื•ื™ ืœืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช,
04:35
sharks really are the
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ื›ืจื™ืฉื™ื ื”ื ื‘ืืžืช
04:36
perfect evolutionary design.
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ื”ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ื”ืื‘ื•ืœื•ืฆื™ื•ื ื™ ื”ืžื•ืฉืœื.
04:38
Yet overfishing and
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ืขื ื–ืืช, ื“ื™ื’ ื™ืชืจ ื•ื”ืชืจื’ื•ืœ
04:40
the cruel practice of
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ื”ืื›ื–ืจื™ ืฉืœ
04:41
finning, cutting off
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ืกื ืคื™ืจ, ื ื™ืชื•ืง ืกื ืคื™ืจื™ ื›ืจื™ืฉื™ื
04:42
shark fins to make
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื›ื™ืŸ
04:44
exotic soups and
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ืžืจืงื™ื ืืงื–ื•ื˜ื™ื™ื ื•ื”ื—ื–ืจืช
04:45
returning the wounded
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04:47
creature to the sea
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ื”ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื”ืคืฆื•ืข ืœื™ื
04:48
to die, are threatening
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžื•ืช, ืžืื™ื™ืžื™ื ืขืœ
04:50
shark numbers.
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ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื›ืจื™ืฉื™ื.
04:51
Which is why it's tragic
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ื•ื–ื• ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉื–ื” ื˜ืจื’ื™
04:52
that so many of their
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ืฉื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื”
04:53
species are facing
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ืžื”ืžื™ื ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ื‘ืคื ื™
04:55
extinction.
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ื”ื›ื—ื“ื”.
04:56
And
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ื•ืื ื›ื‘ืจ
04:57
speaking of shark
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ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ
04:58
species, what was
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ืžื™ื ื™ ื›ืจื™ืฉื™ื, ืžื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื”
04:59
the answer to your
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ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”
05:00
question, Sam?
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ืœืฉืืœืชืš, ืกืื?
05:01
In my quiz question,
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ื‘ืฉืืœืช ื”ื—ื™ื“ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื™,
05:02
I asked how many species
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ืฉืืœืชื™ ื›ืžื” ืžื™ื ื™
05:04
of shark there are
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ื›ืจื™ืฉื™ื
05:06
in existence.
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ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื.
05:07
Yeah, and I guessed
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ื›ืŸ, ื•ื ื™ื—ืฉืชื™
05:08
it was around 530
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ืฉื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืขืจืš 530
05:09
different species.
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ืžื™ื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื.
05:10
Which was the correct
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ืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื”
05:12
answer, Rob!
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ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื”, ืจื•ื‘!
05:13
And the
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ื•ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืžื™ื ื™
05:14
variety of shark
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ื”ื›ืจื™ืฉื™ื
05:15
species is incredible,
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ื”ื•ื ืžื“ื”ื™ื,
05:16
from giants like the
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ืžืขื ืงื™ื ื›ืžื•
05:18
great white to the
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ื”ืœื‘ืŸ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื•ืขื“ ื›ืจื™ืฉ
05:19
tiny dwarf lantern shark.
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ื”ืคื ืก ื”ื ื ืกื™ ื”ื–ืขื™ืจ.
05:21
Ok, let's recap the
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ืื•ืงื™ื™, ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืกื›ื ืืช ืื•ืฆืจ
05:23
vocabulary from this
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ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื ืžื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ื–ื•
05:24
programme all about
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ืขืœ
05:25
sharks, the ocean's apex
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ื›ืจื™ืฉื™ื, ื˜ื•ืจืฃ ื”ืฉื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก
05:28
predator - that's the
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- ื–ื”
05:29
top predator that hunts
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ื”ื˜ื•ืจืฃ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืฆื“ ื‘ืขืœื™
05:30
other animals but has
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ื—ื™ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืื‘ืœ
05:32
no predators
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ืื™ืŸ ืœื• ื˜ื•ืจืคื™ื
05:33
of its own.
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ืžืฉืœื•.
05:34
If you hold a grudge,
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ืื ืืชื” ื ื•ื˜ืจ ื˜ื™ื ื”,
05:35
you have feelings of
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ื™ืฉ ืœืš ืจื’ืฉื•ืช ืฉืœ
05:36
anger towards
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ื›ืขืก ื›ืœืคื™
05:37
someone because of
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ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื‘ื’ืœืœ
05:38
something they did
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ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื”ื•ื ืขืฉื”
05:39
in the past.
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ื‘ืขื‘ืจ.
05:40
The phrase, nothing
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ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™, ืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืœื
05:41
could be further from
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ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืจื—ื•ืง ื™ื•ืชืจ
05:42
the truth, is used
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ืžื”ืืžืช, ืžืฉืžืฉ
05:44
to emphasise that
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื“ื’ื™ืฉ ืฉืžืฉื”ื•
05:45
something is totally false.
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ืฉืงืจื™ ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ.
05:48
Cartilage is the
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ืกื—ื•ืก ื”ื•ื
05:49
strong flexible tissue
244
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ื”ืจืงืžื” ื”ื’ืžื™ืฉื” ื”ื—ื–ืงื”
05:50
connecting bones or
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ื”ืžื—ื‘ืจืช ืขืฆืžื•ืช ืื•
05:52
joints in the body.
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ืžืคืจืงื™ื ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ.
05:54
Flexible means able
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ืืžืฆืขื™ ื’ืžื™ืฉ ื”ืžืกื•ื’ืœ
05:55
to bend without breaking.
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ืœื”ืชื›ื•ืคืฃ ืžื‘ืœื™ ืœื”ื™ืฉื‘ืจ.
05:57
And finally, if you're
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ื•ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ, ืื ืืชื”
05:58
agile, you can move
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ื–ืจื™ื–, ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื–ื™ื– ืืช
05:59
your body quickly
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ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ืฉืœืš ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช
06:00
and easily.
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ื•ื‘ืงืœื•ืช.
06:02
Once again, our
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ืฉื•ื‘,
06:03
six minutes are over.
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ืฉืฉ ื”ื“ืงื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ื ื’ืžืจื•.
06:05
Bye for now!
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ืœื”ืชืจืื•ืช ื‘ื™ื ืชื™ื™ื!
06:08
Goodbye!
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ื”ึฑื™ื” ืฉืœื•ื!
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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