What is international law? An animated explainer

186,501 views ใƒป 2021-11-01

BBC Learning English


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ. ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืžืชื•ืจื’ืžื•ืช ืžืชื•ืจื’ืžื•ืช ื‘ืžื›ื•ื ื”.

00:05
International law. What is it? Well, perhapsย it's best to start with what it's not. ย ย 
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ื—ื•ืง ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™. ืžื” ื–ื”? ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืื•ืœื™ย ืขื“ื™ืฃ ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืขื ืžื” ืฉื–ื” ืœื.
00:13
It s not a single, official big book of laws. And it's not enforced by an international police. ย ย 
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ื–ื” ืœื ืกืคืจ ื—ื•ืงื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื•ืจืฉืžื™ ืื—ื“. ื•ื–ื” ืœื ื ืื›ืฃ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžืฉื˜ืจื” ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ืช.
00:23
And cases are not heard by a single court. ย  No, it s a little more complicated than this. ย ย 
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ื•ื”ืชื™ืงื™ื ืื™ื ื ื ื“ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืžืฉืคื˜ ืื—ื“. ืœื, ื–ื” ืงืฆืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืกื•ื‘ืš ืžื–ื”.
00:32
Instead, it's a set of agreements andย  customs that most countries follow,ย ย 
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ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื–ืืช, ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืฉืœ ื”ืกื›ืžื™ื ื•ืžื ื”ื’ื™ื ืฉืจื•ื‘ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืขื•ืงื‘ื•ืช ืื—ืจื™ื”ื,
00:39
most of the time. These agreements cover theย  rights and duties of states about things likeย ย 
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ืจื•ื‘ ื”ื–ืžืŸ. ื”ืกื›ืžื™ื ืืœื” ืžื›ืกื™ื ืืช ื”ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ืžื•
00:46
war, human rights, trade and diplomacy. ย  They can be treaties - written agreementsย ย 
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ืžืœื—ืžื”, ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ืื“ื, ืกื—ืจ ื•ื“ื™ืคืœื•ืžื˜ื™ื”. ื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืืžื ื•ืช - ื”ืกื›ืžื™ื ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื
00:56
that countries sign like a contract. ย Or they can be what law calls 'customs' -ย ย 
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ืฉืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื—ื•ืชืžื•ืช ืขืœื™ื”ื ื›ืžื• ื—ื•ื–ื”. ืื• ืฉื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื” ืฉื”ื—ื•ืง ืžื›ื ื” 'ืžื ื”ื’ื™ื' -
01:05
principles and ideas that many already follow. ย  These agreements only apply to countries,ย ย 
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ืขืงืจื•ื ื•ืช ื•ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืจื‘ื™ื ื›ื‘ืจ ืขื•ืงื‘ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื”ื. ื”ืกื›ืžื™ื ืืœื” ื—ืœื™ื ืจืง ืขืœ ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช,
01:13
not companies or individuals. This can getย  complicated, because some corporations are biggerย ย 
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ืœื ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืื• ืื ืฉื™ื ืคืจื˜ื™ื™ื. ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืกื•ื‘ืš, ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื—ืœืง ืžื”ืชืื’ื™ื“ื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื
01:21
than countries. All this means international law hasย  to keep evolving, to fit our changing world.
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ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช. ื›ืœ ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ื—ื•ืง ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ื•ืœื”ืชืคืชื—, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืชืื™ื ืœืขื•ืœื ื”ืžืฉืชื ื” ืฉืœื ื•.
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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