Bats: Friend or foe? - 6 Minute English

70,560 views ใƒป 2022-04-23

BBC Learning English


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ. ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืžืชื•ืจื’ืžื•ืช ืžืชื•ืจื’ืžื•ืช ื‘ืžื›ื•ื ื”.

00:07
Hello. This is 6 Minute English from
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ืฉืœื•ื. ื–ื•ื”ื™ 6 ื“ืงื•ืช ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืžื‘ื™ืช
00:08
BBC Learning English.
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BBC Learning English.
00:10
Iโ€™m Neil.
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00:10
And Iโ€™m Sam.
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ืื ื™ ื ื™ืœ.
ื•ืื ื™ ืกื.
00:11
For centuries the relationship between
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ื‘ืžืฉืš ืžืื•ืช ืฉื ื™ื ื”ื™ื—ืกื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ
00:14
humans and bats has been complex.
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ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ืœืขื˜ืœืคื™ื ื”ื™ื• ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื™ื.
00:16
In some cultures bats are depicted as vampires,
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ื‘ืชืจื‘ื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืกื•ื™ืžื•ืช ื”ืขื˜ืœืคื™ื ืžืชื•ืืจื™ื ื›ืขืจืคื“ื™ื,
00:19
associated with Halloween, witches and dark,
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ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืœืœื™ืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื™ื, ืžื›ืฉืคื•ืช ื•ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืืคืœื™ื
00:22
scary places.
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ื•ืžืคื—ื™ื“ื™ื.
00:24
In others they are considered
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ื‘ืื—ืจื™ื ื”ื ื ื—ืฉื‘ื™ื
00:25
messengers of the gods.
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ืฉืœื™ื—ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืืœื™ื.
00:26
Bats play an important part in stories and myths
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ืœืขื˜ืœืคื™ื ื™ืฉ ื—ืœืง ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื•ื‘ืžื™ืชื•ืกื™ื
00:29
from around the world.
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ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื.
00:30
And a large illuminated
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ื•"ืื•ืช ืขื˜ืœืฃ" ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžื•ืืจ
00:32
โ€˜bat signalโ€™ shining in the night sky can mean only one thing โ€“
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ื”ืžืื™ืจ ื‘ืฉืžื™ ื”ืœื™ืœื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืจืง ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ื“ -
00:37
a call for help to the superhero, Batman!
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ืงืจื™ืื” ืœืขื–ืจื” ืœื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืขืœ, ื‘ืื˜ืžืŸ!
00:40
So do we love or hate these furry flying animals?
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ืื– ื”ืื ืื ื—ื ื• ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ืื• ืฉื•ื ืื™ื ืืช ื”ื—ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืขื•ืคืคื•ืช ื”ืคืจื•ื•ืชื™ื•ืช ื”ืืœื”?
00:43
And with some newspaper headlines identifying bats
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ื•ืขื ื›ืžื” ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ืขื™ืชื•ื ื™ื ื”ืžื–ื”ื•ืช ืขื˜ืœืคื™ื
00:46
as the possible source of Covid-19,
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ื›ืžืงื•ืจ ืืคืฉืจื™ ืœืงื•ื‘ื™ื“-19, ื”ืื
00:49
should we think of them as friend or enemy?
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ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœื™ื”ื ื›ื™ื“ื™ื“ ืื• ืื•ื™ื‘?
00:51
Weโ€™ll be answering all these questions soon, but first,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื ืขื ื” ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืฉืืœื•ืช ื”ืืœื” ื‘ืงืจื•ื‘, ืื‘ืœ ืงื•ื“ื,
00:55
Neil, time for another interesting bat fact.
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ื ื™ืœ, ื”ื’ื™ืข ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืœืขื•ื“ ืขื•ื‘ื“ืช ืขื˜ืœืคื™ื ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ืช.
00:58
Did you know that bats account for
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ื”ืื ื™ื“ืขืช ืฉืขื˜ืœืคื™ื ืžื”ื•ื•ื™ื
01:00
1 in 5 of all mammal species?
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1 ืžื›ืœ 5 ืžื›ืœ ืžื™ื ื™ ื”ื™ื•ื ืงื™ื?
01:04
Thereโ€™s a huge variety of them, from tiny fruit-eating bats
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ื™ืฉ ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืขืฆื•ื ืฉืœื”ื, ืžืขื˜ืœืคื™ื ื–ืขื™ืจื™ื ืื•ื›ืœื™ ืคื™ืจื•ืช
01:08
that fit into the palm of your hand to giant carnivores,
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ืฉื ื›ื ืกื™ื ืœื›ืฃ ื”ื™ื“ ื•ืขื“ ืœื˜ื•ืจืคื™ื ืขื ืงื™ื™ื,
01:12
or meat-eaters.
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ืื• ืื•ื›ืœื™ ื‘ืฉืจ.
01:13
Thatโ€™s right.
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ื–ื” ื ื›ื•ืŸ.
01:14
In fact itโ€™s the variety of bat types that
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ืœืžืขืฉื”, ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืกื•ื’ื™ ื”ืขื˜ืœืคื™ื ื”ื•ื
01:16
might explain our complex feelings towards them.
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ืฉืขืฉื•ื™ ืœื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืจื’ืฉื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ื›ืœืคื™ื”ื.
01:19
So, Sam, my quiz question is this: roughly how
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ืื–, ืกื, ืฉืืœืช ื”ื—ื™ื“ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื™ ื”ื™ื ื›ื–ื•:
01:22
many different species of bat are there worldwide?
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ื›ืžื” ืžื™ื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืขื˜ืœืคื™ื ื™ืฉ ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื?
01:26
Is it:
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01:26
a) one and a half thousand?
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ื”ืื ื–ื”:
ื) ืืœืฃ ื•ื—ืฆื™?
01:28
b) two and a half thousand? or,
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ื‘) ืืœืคื™ื™ื ื•ื—ืฆื™? ืื•,
01:30
c) three and a half thousand?
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ื’) ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื•ื—ืฆื™ ืืœืฃ?
01:32
Hmmm, Iโ€™ll say b) two and a half thousand.
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ื”ืžืž, ืื ื™ ืื’ื™ื“ ื‘) ืืœืคื™ื™ื ื•ื—ืฆื™.
01:35
OK, Sam, weโ€™ll come back to that later in the programme.
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ื‘ืกื“ืจ, ืกืื, ื ื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœื–ื” ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช.
01:37
Maybe not everyone likes them but bats do have some friends.
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ืื•ืœื™ ืœื ื›ื•ืœื ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ืื•ืชื ืื‘ืœ ืœืขื˜ืœืคื™ื ื™ืฉ ื›ืžื” ื—ื‘ืจื™ื.
01:41
Farmers love them for pollinating their plantsโ€ฆ
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ื—ืงืœืื™ื ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ืื•ืชื ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉื”ื ืžืื‘ื™ืงื™ื ืืช ื”ืฆืžื—ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื...
01:44
โ€ฆand medical scientists study them hoping to
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...ื•ืžื“ืขื ื™ื ืจืคื•ืื™ื™ื ื—ื•ืงืจื™ื ืื•ืชื ื‘ืชืงื•ื•ื”
01:46
discover the secrets of their anti-ageing and long life.
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ืœื’ืœื•ืช ืืช ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืื ื˜ื™-ืื™ื™ื’'ื™ื ื’ ื•ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืืจื•ื›ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื.
01:50
Dr Winifred Frick is the chief scientist at
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ื“"ืจ ื•ื™ื ื™ืคืจื“ ืคืจื™ืง ื”ื•ื ื”ืžื“ืขืŸ ื”ืจืืฉื™ ื‘-
01:53
Bat Conservation International, a group of
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Bat Conservation International, ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืฉืœ
01:55
environmentalists working to protect bats.
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ืฉื•ืžืจื™ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื”ืคื•ืขืœื™ื ืœื”ื’ื ื” ืขืœ ืขื˜ืœืคื™ื.
01:58
Here she is telling BBC World Service programme,
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ื”ื ื” ื”ื™ื ืžืกืคืจืช ืœืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช BBC World Service,
02:01
The Documentary, about another useful service
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The Documentary, ืขืœ ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื™ ื ื•ืกืฃ
02:04
provided by bats in the United States:
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ืฉืžืกืคืงื™ื ืขื˜ืœืคื™ื ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช:
02:07
Most bats are insectivorous and theyโ€™re really
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ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืขื˜ืœืคื™ื ืื•ื›ืœื™ ื—ืจืงื™ื ื•ื”ื ื‘ืืžืช
02:10
important consumers of different kinds of insect pests
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ืฆืจื›ื ื™ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ืฉืœ ืกื•ื’ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื–ื™ืงื™ื ืฉืœ ื—ืจืงื™ื,
02:13
and here in the United States itโ€™s been estimated that
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ื•ื›ืืŸ ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘ ืžืขืจื™ื›ื™ื ื–ืืช.
02:17
bats provide billions of dollars every year to the US
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ืฉืขื˜ืœืคื™ื ืžืกืคืงื™ื ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ื™ ื“ื•ืœืจื™ื ืžื“ื™ ืฉื ื”
02:21
agricultural industry through their voracious
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ืœืชืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ื—ืงืœืื•ืช ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืฆืจื™ื›ืชื ื”ืจืขื‘ืชื ื™ืช
02:23
consumption of agricultural pest insects.
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ืฉืœ ื—ืจืงื™ ืžื–ื™ืงื™ื ื—ืงืœืื™ื™ื.
02:26
Most bats eat only insects โ€“ theyโ€™re insectivores.
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ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืขื˜ืœืคื™ื ืื•ื›ืœื™ื ืจืง ื—ืจืงื™ื - ื”ื ืื•ื›ืœื™ ื—ืจืงื™ื.
02:30
Thatโ€™s good news for farmers because they eat many pests -
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ืืœื• ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืœื—ืงืœืื™ื ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื ืื•ื›ืœื™ื ืžื–ื™ืงื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื -
02:34
insects or small animals that are harmful or damage crops.
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ื—ืจืงื™ื ืื• ื—ื™ื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื•ืช ืฉืžื–ื™ืงื•ืช ืื• ืคื•ื’ืขื•ืช ื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืœ.
02:39
Even better, batsโ€™ appetite for these annoying insects is voracious โ€“
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ืืคื™ืœื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ื˜ื•ื‘, ื”ืชื™ืื‘ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื˜ืœืคื™ื ืœื—ืจืงื™ื ื”ืžืขืฆื‘ื ื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื”ื•ื ืจืขื‘ื” -
02:43
very strong and eager.
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ื—ื–ืง ืžืื•ื“ ื•ืœื”ื•ื˜.
02:45
So far, so good in the friendship between humans and bats.
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ืขื“ ื›ื”, ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื“ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ื•ืขื˜ืœืคื™ื.
02:49
But then along came the coronavirus pandemic and with it,
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ืื‘ืœ ืื– ื”ื’ื™ืขื” ืžื’ื™ืคืช ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ื•ืื™ืชื”,
02:53
newspaper reports that bats might be to blame.
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ืขื™ืชื•ื ื™ื ืžื“ื•ื•ื—ื™ื ืฉื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื”ืขื˜ืœืคื™ื ืืฉืžื™ื.
02:56
Before we get into this we need to explain some terms.
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ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื ื™ื›ื ืก ืœื–ื” ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ื›ืžื” ืžื•ื ื—ื™ื.
02:59
The Covid which people around the world have
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ื”ืงื•ื‘ื™ื“ ืฉืžืžื ื• ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื
03:02
been suffering from is the โ€˜outbreak virusโ€™.
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ืกื•ื‘ืœื™ื ื”ื•ื 'ื•ื™ืจื•ืก ื”ื”ืชืคืจืฆื•ืช'.
03:05
But if you go backwards thereโ€™s an intermediary
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืื—ื•ืจื”, ื™ืฉ ืžืชื•ื•ืš
03:08
known as the โ€˜progenitor virusโ€™ between this and
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ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื” 'ื•ื™ืจื•ืก ื”ืื‘ื•ืช' ื‘ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืœื‘ื™ืŸ
03:11
the โ€˜ancestral virusโ€™, which is decades or centuries older.
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'ื”ื ื’ื™ืฃ ื”ืงื“ืžื•ื ื™', ืฉื’ื™ืœื• ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืื• ืžืื•ืช ืฉื ื™ื.
03:16
Ninety-nine percent of scientists would agree
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ืชืฉืขื™ื ื•ืชืฉืขื” ืื—ื•ื– ืžื”ืžื“ืขื ื™ื ื™ืกื›ื™ืžื•
03:18
that the โ€˜ancestral virusโ€™ of Covid-19 came from bats.
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ืฉ"ื”ื ื’ื™ืฃ ื”ืงื“ืžื•ื ื™" ืฉืœ Covid-19 ื”ื’ื™ืข ืžืขื˜ืœืคื™ื.
03:23
But itโ€™s the go-between โ€˜progenitor virusโ€™
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” 'ื ื’ื™ืฃ ื”ืื‘ื•ืช'
03:25
that everyone is searching for now.
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ืฉื›ื•ืœื ืžื—ืคืฉื™ื ืขื›ืฉื™ื•.
03:28
One of the scientists leading this search is Linfa Wang,
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ืื—ื“ ื”ืžื“ืขื ื™ื ืฉืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื™ื ืืช ื”ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ื”ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ืœื™ื ืคื” ื•ื•ืื ื’,
03:31
a professor at Duke Medical School who is known
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ืคืจื•ืคืกื•ืจ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ืœืจืคื•ืื” ื“ื™ื•ืง ืฉื™ื“ื•ืข
03:34
as the โ€˜Batman of Singaporeโ€™.
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ื‘ืชื•ืจ "ื‘ืื˜ืžืŸ ืฉืœ ืกื™ื ื’ืคื•ืจ".
03:36
Here he is explaining his
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ื›ืืŸ ื”ื•ื ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ืืช
03:37
work to BBC World Serviceโ€™s, The Documentary:
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ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื• ืœ-BBC World Service, ื”ืกืจื˜ ื”ืชื™ืขื•ื“ื™:
03:40
Of course the holy grail right now for Covid-19
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ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉื”ื’ื‘ื™ืข ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื›ืจื’ืข ืขื‘ื•ืจ Covid-19
03:44
is to discover where is that progenitor virus and
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ื”ื•ื ืœื’ืœื•ืช ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ื ืžืฆื ืื•ืชื• ื•ื™ืจื•ืก ืื‘ื•ืช
03:47
also in which kind of animals or humans, right?
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ื•ื’ื ื‘ืื™ื–ื” ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื•ืช ืื• ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื, ื ื›ื•ืŸ?
03:50
And usually the progenitor virus has to be 99.9%
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ื•ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื”ื ื’ื™ืฃ ื”ืื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื–ื”ื” ื‘-99.9%
03:53
identical to the outbreak virus and so our study
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ืœื ื’ื™ืฃ ื”ื”ืชืคืจืฆื•ืช ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ืžื—ืงืจ ืฉืœื ื•
03:58
was set up to do that.
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ื”ื•ืงื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช.
04:00
If you can catch that virus
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ืื ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืชืคื•ืก ืืช ื”ื ื’ื™ืฃ ื”ื–ื”
04:02
and you demonstrate the genomic sequence is
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ื•ืืชื” ืžื•ื›ื™ื— ืฉื”ืจืฆืฃ ื”ื’ื ื•ืžื™ ื”ื•ื
04:05
99.9% [identical] then thatโ€™s brilliant.
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99.9% [ื–ื”ื”] ืื– ื–ื” ืžื‘ืจื™ืง.
04:07
Professor Wang thinks that finding the source of
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ืคืจื•ืคืกื•ืจ ื•ื•ืื ื’ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืžืฆื™ืืช ื”ืžืงื•ืจ
04:09
Covid-19โ€™s โ€˜progenitor virusโ€™ would be like finding
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ืœ"ื ื’ื™ืฃ ื”ืื‘" ืฉืœ ืงื•ื‘ื™ื“-19 ื™ื”ื™ื” ื›ืžื• ืœืžืฆื•ื
04:13
the holy grail.
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ืืช ื”ื’ื‘ื™ืข ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ.
04:15
This expression - the holy grail -
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ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื–ื” - ื”ื’ื‘ื™ืข ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ -
04:17
is associated with the cup believed to have been
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ืงืฉื•ืจ ืœื›ื•ืก ืฉืœื“ืขืชื•
04:20
used by Jesus Christ at his last meal.
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ืฉื™ืžืฉ ื™ืฉื•ืข ื”ืžืฉื™ื— ื‘ืกืขื•ื“ืชื• ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื”.
04:24
It means
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04:24
something extremely difficult to find or get.
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ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ
ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืงืฉื” ืžืื•ื“ ืœืžืฆื•ื ืื• ืœื”ืฉื™ื’.
04:28
If you can discover the โ€˜progenitor virusโ€™ then,
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ืื ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื’ืœื•ืช ืืช 'ื•ื™ืจื•ืก ื”ืื‘' ืื–,
04:31
in the words of Professor Wang โ€“ thatโ€™s brilliant! โ€“
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ื‘ืžื™ืœื•ืชื™ื• ืฉืœ ืคืจื•ืคืกื•ืจ ื•ื•ืื ื’ - ื–ื” ืžื‘ืจื™ืง! -
04:34
an exclamation meaning โ€˜thatโ€™s very good!โ€™ or โ€˜amazing!โ€™
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ืงืจื™ืื” ืฉืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื” 'ื–ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ ืžืื•ื“!' ืื• 'ืžื“ื”ื™ื!'
04:37
So although bats are sometimes, wrongly,
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ืื– ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉืขื˜ืœืคื™ื ืžื•ืืฉืžื™ื ืœืคืขืžื™ื, ื‘ื˜ืขื•ืช,
04:40
blamed for causing Covid, they are good friends to farmers,
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ื‘ื’ืจื™ืžืช ืงื•ื‘ื™ื“, ื”ื ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ืฉืœ ื—ืงืœืื™ื,
04:43
environmentalists and scientists โ€“ as well as vampires!
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ืื ืฉื™ ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื•ืžื“ืขื ื™ื - ื›ืžื• ื’ื ืขืจืคื“ื™ื!
04:47
So anyway, what was the answer to your quiz question, Neil.
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ืื– ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงืจื”, ืžื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืœืฉืืœืช ื”ื—ื™ื“ื•ืŸ ืฉืœืš, ื ื™ืœ.
04:51
Ah yes, I asked Sam how many different species
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ืื” ื›ืŸ, ืฉืืœืชื™ ืืช ืกื ื›ืžื” ืžื™ื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื
04:54
of bat are there around the world.
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ืฉืœ ืขื˜ืœืคื™ื ื™ืฉ ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื.
04:56
What did you say?
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ืžื” ืืžืจืช?
04:57
I said there were, b) two and a half thousand
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ืืžืจืชื™ ืฉื™ืฉ, ื‘) ืืœืคื™ื™ื ื•ื—ืฆื™
05:00
different species of bats.
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ืžื™ื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืขื˜ืœืคื™ื.
05:02
Was I right?
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ืฆื“ืงืชื™?
05:03
You were close, Sam, but the correct answer wasโ€ฆ
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ื”ื™ื™ืช ืงืจื•ื‘, ืกื, ืื‘ืœ ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื”...
05:06
a) there are one and a half thousand different
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ื) ื™ืฉื ื ืืœืฃ ื•ื—ืฆื™
05:08
species of bats around the world.
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ืžื™ื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืขื˜ืœืคื™ื ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื.
05:10
Letโ€™s recap the vocabulary from this programme
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ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืกื›ื ืืช ืื•ืฆืจ ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื ืžื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ื–ื•
05:12
about the relationship between humans and bats,
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ืขืœ ื”ืงืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ืœืขื˜ืœืคื™ื,
05:16
starting with carnivores which are animals that eat meatโ€ฆ
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ื”ื—ืœ ืžื˜ื•ืจืคื™ื ืฉื”ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืื•ื›ืœื™ื ื‘ืฉืจ...
05:20
Insectivores, meanwhile, are animals,
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ืื•ื›ืœื™ ื—ืจืงื™ื, ื‘ื™ื ืชื™ื™ื, ื”ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื,
05:22
like most bats, that eat only insects.
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ื›ืžื• ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืขื˜ืœืคื™ื, ืฉืื•ื›ืœื™ื ืจืง ื—ืจืงื™ื.
05:25
A pest is an insect or small animal
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ืžื–ื™ืง ื”ื•ื ื—ืจืง ืื• ื‘ืขืœ ื—ื™ื™ื ืงื˜ืŸ
05:27
that is harmful or damages crops.
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ืฉืžื–ื™ืง ืื• ืคื•ื’ืข ื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืœ.
05:30
Bats eat pests voraciously, or very eagerly.
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ืขื˜ืœืคื™ื ืื•ื›ืœื™ื ืžื–ื™ืงื™ื ื‘ืจืขื‘ืชื ื•ืช, ืื• ื‘ืฉืงื™ืงื” ืจื‘ื”.
05:34
The holy grail refers to something thatโ€™s
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ื”ื’ื‘ื™ืข ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืœืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืงืฉื”
05:36
extremely difficult to find or get.
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ืžืื•ื“ ืœืžืฆื•ื ืื• ืœื”ืฉื™ื’.
05:39
And finally, you can use the phrase, thatโ€™s brilliant!
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ื•ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ, ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™, ื–ื” ืžื‘ืจื™ืง!
05:42
to say, โ€˜thatโ€™s great!โ€™ or โ€˜amazing!โ€™
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ืœื•ืžืจ, 'ื–ื” ื ื”ื“ืจ!' ืื• 'ืžื“ื”ื™ื!'
05:45
Once again our six minutes are up.
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ืฉื•ื‘ ื ื’ืžืจื• ืฉืฉ ื”ื“ืงื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•.
05:47
See you again soon for more topical chats
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ื ืชืจืื” ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืงืจื•ื‘ ืœืฆ'ืื˜ื™ื ืืงื˜ื•ืืœื™ื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื
05:49
and trending vocabulary here at 6 Minute English.
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ื•ืื•ืฆืจ ืžื™ืœื™ื ืžื’ืžืชื™ ื›ืืŸ ื‘-6 ื“ืงื•ืช ืื ื’ืœื™ืช.
05:53
And donโ€™t forget you can download our app
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ื•ืืœ ืชืฉื›ื— ืฉืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื•ืจื™ื“ ืืช ื”ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื” ืฉืœื ื•
05:55
to find programmes on many more topics,
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžืฆื•ื ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื,
05:57
from African animals to zodiac signs and zombies,
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ืžื—ื™ื•ืช ืืคืจื™ืงืื™ื•ืช ื•ืขื“ ืžื–ืœื•ืช ื•ื–ื•ืžื‘ื™ื,
06:01
all here on the BBC Learning English website.
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ื”ื›ืœ ื›ืืŸ ื‘ืืชืจ BBC Learning English.
06:04
Bye for now!
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06:04
Bye bye!
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ืœื”ืชืจืื•ืช ื‘ื™ื ืชื™ื™ื!
ื‘ื™ื™ ื‘ื™ื™!
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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