How can I get help with an environmental problem? - BBC Learning English

50,355 views ใƒป 2021-10-20

BBC Learning English


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ. ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืžืชื•ืจื’ืžื•ืช ืžืชื•ืจื’ืžื•ืช ื‘ืžื›ื•ื ื”.

00:00
Generally, if someone harms you,
0
720
2120
ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ, ืื ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืคื•ื’ืข ื‘ืš,
00:02
the law will hold them liable for their actions.
1
2840
3680
ื”ื—ื•ืง ื™ื˜ื™ืœ ืขืœื™ื• ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืœืžืขืฉื™ื•.
00:06
But who would you take to court over storms, floods and droughts?
2
6520
4760
ืื‘ืœ ืืช ืžื™ ื”ื™ื™ืชื ืœื•ืงื—ื™ื ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืกืขืจื•ืช, ืฉื™ื˜ืคื•ื ื•ืช ื•ื‘ืฆื•ืจืช?
00:11
This episode will show the ways in which the law
3
11280
3000
ืคืจืง ื–ื” ื™ืจืื” ืืช ื”ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ืŸ ื”ื—ื•ืง
00:14
is helping us all deal with this increasing problem.
4
14280
4520
ืขื•ื–ืจ ืœื›ื•ืœื ื• ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื”ื”ื•ืœื›ืช ื•ื’ื•ื‘ืจืช.
00:18
The Peruvian farmer taking on a German energy giant over pollution...
5
18800
5520
ื”ื—ืงืœืื™ ื”ืคืจื•ืื ื™ ืœื•ืงื— ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื• ืขื ืงื™ืช ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื’ืจืžื ื™ืช ืขืœ ื–ื™ื”ื•ื...
00:24
And how the world around us might get a whole load more legal protection...
6
24320
5680
ื•ืื™ืš ื”ืขื•ืœื ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื ื• ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืžื˜ืขืŸ ืฉืœื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ื’ื ื” ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ืช...
00:35
Humans have been polluting the world for a long time.
7
35320
4440
ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ืžื–ื”ืžื™ื ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื–ืžืŸ.
00:39
So, how can you take action about something like climate change?
8
39760
4720
ืื– ืื™ืš ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื ืงื•ื˜ ื‘ืคืขื•ืœื” ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืžืฉื”ื• ื›ืžื• ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ ืืงืœื™ื? ืืช
00:44
Who would you blame?
9
44480
2040
ืžื™ ื”ื™ื™ืช ืžืืฉื™ื?
00:46
It's not any one person, company, country, or government's fault...
10
46520
5600
ื–ื• ืœื ืืฉืžืชื• ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืื“ื, ื—ื‘ืจื”, ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืื• ืžืžืฉืœื”
00:52
...or is it?
11
52120
1720
... ืื• ืฉื–ื” ื ื›ื•ืŸ?
00:53
This is Saรบl Luciano Lliuya.
12
53840
3760
ื–ื” ืกืื•ืœ ืœื•ืฆ'ื™ืื ื• ืœื™ื•ืื”.
00:57
He's a Peruvian farmer and mountain guide,
13
57600
3200
ื”ื•ื ื—ืงืœืื™ ื•ืžื“ืจื™ืš ื”ืจื™ื ืคืจื•ืื ื™,
01:00
and for years he has watched a glacier, in nearby Huaraz,
14
60800
3960
ื•ื‘ืžืฉืš ืฉื ื™ื ื”ื•ื ืฆืคื” ื‘ืงืจื—ื•ืŸ, ื‘ื”ื•ืืจื– ื”ืกืžื•ื›ื”,
01:04
melt due to climate change.
15
64760
2600
ื ืžืก ืขืงื‘ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ ืืงืœื™ื.
01:07
So, he decided to do something
16
67360
2800
ืื–, ื”ื•ื ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžืฉื”ื•
01:10
and chose to sue a German energy company, RWE.
17
70160
6160
ื•ื‘ื—ืจ ืœืชื‘ื•ืข ื—ื‘ืจืช ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื’ืจืžื ื™ืช, RWE.
01:16
He's asking for around โ‚ฌ17,000
18
76320
4280
ื”ื•ื ืžื‘ืงืฉ ื›-17,000 ืื™ืจื•
01:20
to help him cope with climate change.
19
80600
3120
ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื• ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ ื”ืืงืœื™ื.
01:23
It's a number based on the share of manmade emissions
20
83720
4000
ื–ื” ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืžื‘ื•ืกืก ืขืœ ื—ืœืงืŸ ืฉืœ ืคืœื™ื˜ื•ืช ืžืขืฉื” ื™ื“ื™ ืื“ื
01:27
he claims RWE is responsible for.
21
87720
4040
ืฉืœื˜ืขื ืชื• RWE ืื—ืจืื™ืช ืœื”.
01:31
RWE say there's no direct link
22
91760
2680
RWE ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ืงืฉืจ ื™ืฉื™ืจ
01:34
between them and the melting glaciers.
23
94440
3040
ื‘ื™ื ื ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืงืจื—ื•ื ื™ื ื”ื ืžืกื™ื.
01:37
His hope is that his case would make it easier
24
97480
3640
ืชืงื•ื•ืชื• ื”ื™ื ืฉื”ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœื• ื™ืงืœ
01:41
for thousands or even millions of others like him
25
101120
4360
ืขืœ ืืœืคื™ ืื• ืืคื™ืœื• ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ืื—ืจื™ื ื›ืžื•ื”ื•
01:45
to do the same to protect their homes.
26
105480
3280
ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ืื•ืชื• ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื’ืŸ ืขืœ ื‘ืชื™ื”ื.
01:48
And that could mean energy companies are forced
27
108760
3320
ื•ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื ืืœืฆื•ืช
01:52
to change the way they do business,
28
112080
2720
ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื“ืจืš ืฉื‘ื” ื”ืŸ ืขื•ืฉื•ืช ืขืกืงื™ื,
01:54
or risk losing billions of dollars in court.
29
114800
4880
ืื• ืœื”ืกืชื›ืŸ ื‘ื”ืคืกื“ ืฉืœ ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ื™ ื“ื•ืœืจื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜.
01:59
RWE say there's no direct link
30
119680
3640
RWE ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ืงืฉืจ ื™ืฉื™ืจ
02:03
between emissions in Germany and melting glaciers in Peru.
31
123320
5040
ื‘ื™ืŸ ืคืœื™ื˜ื•ืช ื‘ื’ืจืžื ื™ื” ืœื”ืžืกืช ืงืจื—ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืคืจื•.
02:08
Noah Walker-Crawford, from the University of Manchester,
32
128360
4480
ื ื•ืื” ื•ื•ืงืจ-ืงืจื•ืคื•ืจื“, ืžืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ืžื ืฆ'ืกื˜ืจ,
02:12
has worked with Saรบl's case.
33
132840
2640
ืขื‘ื“ื” ืขื ื”ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœ ืกืื•ืœ.
02:15
He explained why Saรบl is taking action.
34
135480
3440
ื”ื•ื ื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืžื“ื•ืข ืฉืื•ืœ ื ื•ืงื˜ ื‘ืคืขื•ืœื”.
02:18
Saรบl can see the impacts of climate change in Peru
35
138920
3240
ืกืื•ืœ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ ื”ืืงืœื™ื ื‘ืคืจื•
02:22
every day with melting glaciers,
36
142160
2680
ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ืขื ืงืจื—ื•ื ื™ื ื ืžืกื™ื,
02:24
but he feels like it's not him
37
144840
2720
ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื ืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ืฉื–ื” ืœื ื”ื•ื
02:27
or it's not Peruvians who have caused this problem,
38
147560
2560
ืื• ืฉืœื ื”ืคืจื•ืื ื™ื ื”ื ืฉื’ืจืžื• ืœื‘ืขื™ื” ื”ื–ื•,
02:30
but it's rather big companies in other parts of the world,
39
150120
3200
ืืœื ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืื—ืจื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื,
02:33
who've caused climate change through their pollution,
40
153320
3080
ืฉื’ืจืžื• ืœืืงืœื™ื ืœืฉื ื•ืช ื“ืจืš ื”ื–ื™ื”ื•ื ืฉืœื”ื,
02:36
and that's why he's taking this German company, RWE, to court,
41
156400
5320
ื•ื–ื• ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืœื•ืงื— ืืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ื’ืจืžื ื™ืช ื”ื–ื•, RWE, ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜,
02:41
arguing that they've made a big contribution to climate change,
42
161720
4080
ื‘ื˜ืขื ื” ืฉื”ื ืชืจืžื• ืชืจื•ืžื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ ื”ืืงืœื™ื,
02:45
which has caused big impacts in Peru.
43
165800
3120
ืฉื’ืจืžื• ืœื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ื‘ืคืจื•.
02:48
Saรบl argues that RWE and other companies
44
168920
4040
ืกืื•ืœ ื˜ื•ืขืŸ ืฉ-RWE ื•ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช
02:52
have caused climate change, which is affecting him:
45
172960
4200
ื’ืจืžื• ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ ืืงืœื™ื, ืฉืžืฉืคื™ืขื™ื ืขืœื™ื•:
02:57
the melting glaciers are partly their fault.
46
177160
3280
ื”ืงืจื—ื•ื ื™ื ื”ื ืžืกื™ื ื”ื ื‘ื—ืœืงื ื‘ืืฉืžืชื.
03:00
What kind of laws is he using?
47
180440
3080
ื‘ืื™ืœื• ื—ื•ืงื™ื ื”ื•ื ืžืฉืชืžืฉ?
03:03
To try and hold RWE responsible,
48
183520
3480
ื›ื“ื™ ืœื ืกื•ืช ืœื”ื˜ื™ืœ ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืขืœ RWE,
03:07
what Saรบl is doing with his lawyers
49
187000
2680
ืžื” ืฉืื•ืœ ืขื•ืฉื” ืขื ืขื•ืจื›ื™ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉืœื•
03:09
is basically applying neighbourhood law.
50
189680
2840
ื”ื•ื ื‘ืขืฆื ื™ื™ืฉื•ื ื—ื•ืงื™ ื”ืฉื›ื•ื ื”.
03:12
So, they're using the kind of law you'd use
51
192520
2600
ืื–, ื”ื ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืกื•ื’ ื”ื—ื•ืง ืฉื‘ื• ืืชื” ืžืฉืชืžืฉ
03:15
to resolve conflicts between different neighbours.
52
195120
3160
ื›ื“ื™ ืœืคืชื•ืจ ืกื›ืกื•ื›ื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื›ื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื.
03:18
So, basically Saรบl is saying to RWE:
53
198280
2920
ืื– ื‘ืขืฆื, ืกืื•ืœ ืื•ืžืจ ืœ-RWE:
03:21
'You're my neighbour in a global context,
54
201200
2720
'ืืชื” ืฉื›ืŸ ืฉืœื™ ื‘ื”ืงืฉืจ ืขื•ืœืžื™,
03:23
because you're causing me harm or risk of harm via โ€“
55
203920
4440
ื›ื™ ืืชื” ื’ื•ืจื ืœื™ ื ื–ืง ืื• ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืœื ื–ืง ื“ืจืš -
03:28
through climate change, and as a neighbour,
56
208360
3320
ื“ืจืš ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ ืืงืœื™ื, ื•ื›ืฉื›ืŸ,
03:31
ย  you need to take responsibility for this harm you're causing me.'
57
211680
4280
ืืชื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืงื—ืช ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ื ื–ืง ื”ื–ื” ืืชื” ื’ื•ืจื ืœื™'.
03:35
Saรบl is using similar law to the kind used
58
215960
3240
ืกืื•ืœ ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื—ื•ืง ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืกื•ื’ ื”ืžืฉืžืฉ
03:39
to solve arguments between neighbours โ€“
59
219200
2520
ืœืคืชืจื•ืŸ ื•ื™ื›ื•ื—ื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื›ื ื™ื -
03:41
just in a global way, rather than locally.
60
221720
3600
ืจืง ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืช, ื•ืœื ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช.
03:45
So, why could this one case be important?
61
225320
3960
ืื– ืœืžื” ื”ืžืงืจื” ื”ืื—ื“ ื”ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื—ืฉื•ื‘?
03:49
So, this lawsuit is obviously only against one company
62
229280
4800
ืื–, ื”ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ื”ื–ื• ื”ื™ื ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืจืง ื ื’ื“ ื—ื‘ืจื” ืื—ืช
03:54
and it's over a small amount of money, around $20,000,
63
234080
3800
ื•ื”ื™ื ืขืœ ืกื›ื•ื ื›ืกืฃ ืงื˜ืŸ, ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืช 20,000 $,
03:57
which is small change for a big company like RWE.
64
237880
4200
ืฉื–ื” ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืงื˜ืŸ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื—ื‘ืจื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื›ืžื• RWE.
04:02
But what this is really about is about setting a precedent.
65
242080
3200
ืื‘ืœ ืžื” ืฉื‘ืืžืช ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื”ื•ื ืขืœ ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืชืงื“ื™ื.
04:05
So, about developing legal tools
66
245280
2800
ืื–, ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื›ืœื™ื ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื™ื
04:08
to hold big greenhouse gas emitters, big companies, responsible.
67
248080
4680
ืœื”ื˜ื™ืœ ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืขืœ ืคื•ืœื˜ื™ ื’ื–ื™ ื—ืžืžื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื, ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช.
04:12
And so if Saรบl wins this case against RWE,
68
252760
4000
ืื– ืื ืกืื•ืœ ื™ื–ื›ื” ื‘ืชื™ืง ื”ื–ื” ื ื’ื“ RWE,
04:16
other people who are affected by climate change
69
256760
2840
ืื ืฉื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืฉืžื•ืฉืคืขื™ื ืžืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ ืืงืœื™ื
04:19
could use a similar legal approach
70
259600
2480
ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื’ื™ืฉื” ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ืช ื“ื•ืžื”
04:22
to sue lots of other companies in lots of other countries.
71
262080
4320
ืœืชื‘ื•ืข ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช.
04:26
This case could set a precedent:
72
266400
2800
ื”ืžืงืจื” ื”ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืชืงื“ื™ื:
04:29
other people would copy Saรบl and take on many other companies.
73
269200
5240
ืื ืฉื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ื™ืขืชื™ืงื• ืืช ืกืื•ืœ ื•ื™ืงื—ื• ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช.
04:34
So, what could I do, if I had a case like this?
74
274440
4000
ืื– ืžื” ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืื ื”ื™ื” ืœื™ ืžืงืจื” ื›ื–ื”?
04:38
If you want to take action on climate change,
75
278440
3560
ืื ืืชื” ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืคืขื•ืœ ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ ื”ืืงืœื™ื,
04:42
if you want to go to court,
76
282000
2200
ืื ืืชื” ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืคื ื•ืช ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜,
04:44
that's a very difficult and complicated approach,
77
284200
3520
ื–ื• ื’ื™ืฉื” ืžืื•ื“ ืงืฉื” ื•ืžืกื•ื‘ื›ืช,
04:47
because it costs a lot of money and it takes a long time.
78
287720
3360
ื›ื™ ื–ื” ืขื•ืœื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ื›ืกืฃ ื•ื–ื” ืœื•ืงื— ื”ืจื‘ื” ื–ืžืŸ.
04:51
And actually what we really need is political solutions on climate change,
79
291080
4160
ื•ืœืžืขืฉื” ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ืืžืช ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ื–ื” ืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ื™ื ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ ืืงืœื™ื,
04:55
because the solution isn't going to be that everyone
80
295240
2800
ื›ื™ ื”ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ืœื ื”ื•ืœืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉื›ืœ ืžื™
04:58
who's affected will take a big energy company to court.
81
298040
4000
ืฉื ืคื’ืข ื™ื™ืงื— ื—ื‘ืจืช ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜.
05:02
And what these kinds of lawsuits do, like Saรบl's lawsuit,
82
302040
4160
ื•ืžื” ืฉืขื•ืฉื™ื ืชื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ืžืกื•ื’ ื–ื”, ื›ืžื• ื”ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ืฉืœ ืฉืื•ืœ,
05:06
is that they put pressure on politicians to find long term solutions.
83
306200
4880
ื–ื” ืฉื”ืŸ ืžืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืœื—ืฅ ืขืœ ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงืื™ื ืœืžืฆื•ื ืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ืœื˜ื•ื•ื— ืืจื•ืš.
05:11
Going to court takes a lot of time and money in a case like this.
84
311080
4840
ืคื ื™ื™ื” ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื’ื•ื–ืœืช ื”ืจื‘ื” ื–ืžืŸ ื•ื›ืกืฃ ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื›ื–ื”.
05:15
Noah wants political solutions to climate change.
85
315920
4920
ื ื— ืจื•ืฆื” ืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ื™ื ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ ื”ืืงืœื™ื.
05:20
Saรบl's case shows an interesting approach:
86
320840
3360
ื”ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœ ืกืื•ืœ ืžืจืื” ื’ื™ืฉื” ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ืช:
05:24
he's trying to get money he thinks he's owed for damages to his life.
87
324200
5080
ื”ื•ื ืžื ืกื” ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ื›ืกืฃ ืฉื”ื•ื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื”ื•ื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื ื–ืงื™ื ืœื—ื™ื™ื•.
05:29
But what if you just want to protect the environment itself?
88
329280
4840
ืื‘ืœ ืžื” ืื ืืชื” ืจืง ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ื’ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ืขืฆืžื”?
05:34
Laws are agreements between people or groups of people.
89
334120
5200
ื—ื•ืงื™ื ื”ื ื”ืกื›ืžื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ืฉื™ื ืื• ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื.
05:39
By living in a society, I've agreed
90
339320
3080
ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื”, ื”ืกื›ืžืชื™
05:42
that if I break the rules, I get punished.
91
342400
3400
ืฉืื ืื ื™ ืขื•ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ื›ืœืœื™ื, ืื ื™ ืืงื‘ืœ ืขื•ื ืฉ.
05:45
We've seen that lawyers are using laws which give rights to people
92
345800
3680
ืจืื™ื ื• ืฉืขื•ืจื›ื™ ื“ื™ืŸ ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ืงื™ื ืฉื ื•ืชื ื™ื ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ืœืื ืฉื™ื
05:49
to protect the environment.
93
349480
2320
ืœื”ื’ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื”.
05:51
But that's complicated.
94
351800
2120
ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืžืกื•ื‘ืš.
05:53
What if I want help with a problem like melting ice caps?
95
353920
4640
ืžื” ืื ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืขื–ืจื” ื‘ื‘ืขื™ื” ื›ืžื• ื”ืคืฉืจืช ื›ื•ื‘ืขื™ ืงืจื—?
05:58
It's hard to say exactly who's being harmed
96
358560
3760
ืงืฉื” ืœื•ืžืจ ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืžื™ ื ืคื’ืข
06:02
and how much they're being harmed,
97
362320
2480
ื•ื›ืžื” ื”ื ื ืคื’ืขื™ื,
06:04
so that makes it hard for lawyers to take action.
98
364800
3160
ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื–ื” ืžืงืฉื” ืขืœ ืขื•ืจื›ื™ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืœืคืขื•ืœ.
06:07
Could that all be about to change?
99
367960
3440
ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉื›ืœ ื–ื” ืขื•ืžื“ ืœื”ืฉืชื ื•ืช?
06:11
We spoke to lawyer Philippe Sands,
100
371400
2520
ื“ื™ื‘ืจื ื• ืขื ืขื•ืจืš ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืคื™ืœื™ืค ืกื ื“ืก,
06:13
who's part of a group that wants the international community
101
373920
3920
ืฉื”ื•ื ื—ืœืง ืžืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืฉืจื•ืฆื” ืฉื”ืงื”ื™ืœื” ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ืช
06:17
to set up a new crime called 'ecocide'.
102
377840
4640
ืชืงื™ื ืคืฉืข ื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ืฉื 'ืืงื•ืฆื™ื™ื“'.
06:22
It would sit alongside things like war crimes
103
382480
3080
ื–ื” ื™ื™ืฉื‘ ืœืฆื“ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ืžื• ืคืฉืขื™ ืžืœื—ืžื”
06:25
and crimes against humanity.
104
385560
2760
ื•ืคืฉืขื™ื ื ื’ื“ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื•ืช.
06:28
It would directly protect the environment.
105
388320
3400
ื–ื” ื™ืฉื™ืจ ืœื”ื’ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื”.
06:31
He explained more.
106
391720
1760
ื”ื•ื ื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ.
06:33
And our definition of 'ecocide' is unlawful or wanton acts,
107
393480
5720
ื•ื”ื”ื’ื“ืจื” ืฉืœื ื• ืœ-'ecocide' ื”ื™ื ืžืขืฉื™ื ื‘ืœืชื™ ื—ื•ืงื™ื™ื ืื• ืจืฆื•ื ื™ื™ื,
06:39
which a person commits in the knowledge
108
399200
2720
ืฉืื“ื ืžื‘ืฆืข ื‘ื™ื“ื™ืขื”
06:41
that there is a substantial likelihood
109
401920
3040
ืฉื™ืฉื ื” ืกื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ื ื™ื›ืจืช
06:44
of severe damage to the environment,
110
404960
3440
ืœืคื’ื™ืขื” ืงืฉื” ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื”,
06:48
which is also widespread or long-term.
111
408400
3480
ืฉื”ื™ื ื’ื ืจื—ื‘ื” ืื• ืืจื•ื›ืช ื˜ื•ื•ื—.
06:51
So, the heart of it is severe damage to the environment.
112
411880
5400
ืื– ื”ืœื‘ ืฉืœ ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ืคื’ื™ืขื” ืงืฉื” ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื”.
06:57
'Ecocide' would be breaking the law in a way that meant
113
417280
4560
'Ecocide' ื™ื”ื™ื” ืขื‘ื™ืจื” ืขืœ ื”ื—ื•ืง ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื•
07:01
doing something that seriously damages the environment.
114
421840
4480
ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืคื•ื’ืข ืงืฉื•ืช ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื”.
07:06
Why aren't our current laws good enough?
115
426320
3440
ืœืžื” ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ื ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ืœื ืžืกืคื™ืง ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื?
07:09
The law tends to lag behind. It follows; it doesn't lead.
116
429760
4560
ื”ื—ื•ืง ื ื•ื˜ื” ืœืคื’ืจ. ื–ื” ื ื•ื‘ืข; ื–ื” ืœื ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœ.
07:14
And environmental consciousness is a new thing.
117
434320
3160
ื•ืชื•ื“ืขื” ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื™ืช ื”ื™ื ื“ื‘ืจ ื—ื“ืฉ.
07:17
So, we're living today with the laws of the past
118
437480
3680
ืื–, ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ื™ื•ื ืขื ื—ื•ืงื™ ื”ืขื‘ืจ
07:21
and this project, defining the crime of 'ecocide',
119
441160
3160
ื•ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ื”ื–ื”, ื”ืžื’ื“ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืคืฉืข ืฉืœ 'ื”ืชืื‘ื“ื•ืช',
07:24
is about updating our laws to the current situation.
120
444320
4000
ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืขื“ื›ื•ืŸ ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ืœืžืฆื‘ ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™.
07:28
It takes time for laws to be written.
121
448320
3160
ืœื•ืงื— ื–ืžืŸ ืขื“ ืฉื ื›ืชื‘ื™ื ื—ื•ืงื™ื.
07:31
Environmental awareness is relatively new;
122
451480
3760
ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื™ืช ื”ื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื” ื™ื—ืกื™ืช;
07:35
the law needs to catch up.
123
455240
2640
ื”ื—ื•ืง ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื“ื‘ื™ืง ืืช ื”ืคืขืจ.
07:37
So, does he think 'ecocide' will become law?
124
457880
3800
ืื–, ื”ืื ื”ื•ื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉ'ืื™ืงื•ืกื™ื™ื“' ื™ื”ืคื•ืš ืœื—ื•ืง?
07:41
It will now be for states, for governments,
125
461680
2200
ื›ืขืช ื™ื”ื™ื” ื–ื” ืœืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช, ืœืžืžืฉืœื•ืช,
07:43
to decide what to do with it.
126
463880
1880
ืœื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ ืžื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืขื ื–ื”.
07:45
If five or six governments decide they want to run with this idea,
127
465760
4640
ืื ื—ืžืฉ ืื• ืฉืฉ ืžืžืฉืœื•ืช ื™ื—ืœื™ื˜ื• ืฉื”ืŸ ืจื•ืฆื•ืช ืœืจื•ืฅ ืขื ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื”,
07:50
I think it is likely to take off. My sense is that
128
470400
4160
ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื–ื” ืฆืคื•ื™ ืœื”ืžืจื™ื. ื”ืชื—ื•ืฉื” ืฉืœื™ ื”ื™ื
07:54
there will be governments who want to run with this idea,
129
474560
2760
ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ืžืžืฉืœื•ืช ืฉื™ืจืฆื• ืœืจื•ืฅ ืขื ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื”,
07:57
so I'm quietly optimistic.
130
477320
3120
ืื– ืื ื™ ืื•ืคื˜ื™ืžื™ ื‘ืฉืงื˜.
08:00
International laws need governments to agree to them.
131
480440
4880
ื—ื•ืงื™ื ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ื™ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืžืžืฉืœื•ืช ืœื”ืกื›ื™ื ืœื”ื.
08:05
If six or seven governments agree, it might be possible.
132
485320
4600
ืื ืฉืฉ ืื• ืฉื‘ืข ืžืžืฉืœื•ืช ื™ืกื›ื™ืžื•, ืื•ืœื™ ื–ื” ืืคืฉืจื™.
08:09
So, what could stop 'ecocide' becoming a crime?
133
489920
3280
ืื–, ืžื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขืฆื•ืจ ืืช 'ื”ืชืื‘ื“ื•ืช' ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืœืคืฉืข? ื™ื”ื™ื•
08:13
There will be a number of countries
134
493200
2880
ืžืกืคืจ ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช
08:16
and a number of corporations, who will be very worried that,
135
496080
3800
ื•ืžืกืคืจ ืชืื’ื™ื“ื™ื, ืฉื™ื“ืื’ื• ืžืื•ื“ ืฉืื
08:19
ย  if a crime of ecocide becomes part of international law,
136
499880
4240
ืคืฉืข ืฉืœ ื”ืชืื‘ื“ื•ืช ื™ื”ืคื•ืš ืœื—ืœืง ืžื”ื—ื•ืง ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™,
08:24
they will be targeted.
137
504120
1960
ื”ื ื™ื”ื™ื• ืžืžื•ืงื“ื™ื.
08:26
And so the objections will come, I suspect,
138
506080
3440
ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ื™ื•ืช ื™ื’ื™ืขื•, ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื“,
08:29
from countries and corporations who benefit the most
139
509520
4320
ืžืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื•ืชืื’ื™ื“ื™ื ืฉื”ื›ื™ ืžืจื•ื•ื™ื—ื™ื ืžืคื’ื™ืขื”
08:33
from widespread and severe damage to the environment.
140
513840
3600
ื ืจื—ื‘ืช ื•ื—ืžื•ืจื” ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื”.
08:37
Companies and countries who damage the environment most
141
517440
4200
ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื•ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืคื•ื’ืขื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื”
08:41
might oppose it becoming international law.
142
521640
3440
ืขืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื”ืชื ื’ื“ ืœื›ืš ืฉื”ื™ื ืชื”ืคื•ืš ืœื—ื•ืง ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™.
08:45
So, we've seen how some people can take on the people
143
525080
3280
ืื– ืจืื™ื ื• ืื™ืš ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืงื—ืช ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื ืืช ื”ืื ืฉื™ื
08:48
they think are behind climate change,
144
528360
2480
ืฉืœื“ืขืชื ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ ื”ืืงืœื™ื,
08:50
in an effort to get widespread change.
145
530840
3640
ื‘ืžืืžืฅ ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื ืจื—ื‘.
08:54
And if the crime of 'ecocide' enters international law,
146
534480
3880
ื•ืื ื”ืคืฉืข ืฉืœ "ื”ืชืื‘ื“ื•ืช" ื™ื™ื›ื ืก ืœื—ื•ืง ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™,
08:58
courts could have whole new powers
147
538360
2160
ืœื‘ืชื™ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ืขืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืกืžื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืœื’ืžืจื™
09:00
to protect us and our world.
148
540520
3040
ืœื”ื’ืŸ ืขืœื™ื ื• ื•ืขืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืฉืœื ื•.
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7