German elections: BBC News Review

51,911 views ใƒป 2021-09-28

BBC Learning English


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ. ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืžืชื•ืจื’ืžื•ืช ืžืชื•ืจื’ืžื•ืช ื‘ืžื›ื•ื ื”.

00:00
In the German elections, the centre-left has narrowly won
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ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ื’ืจืžื ื™ื”, ื”ืžืจื›ื–-ืฉืžืืœ ื ื™ืฆื— ื‘ื“ื•ื—ืง ืืช
00:04
against Angela Merkel's party.
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ืžืคืœื’ืชื” ืฉืœ ืื ื’ืœื” ืžืจืงืœ.
00:06
Hello, I'm Rob and this is BBC News Review,
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ืฉืœื•ื, ืื ื™ ืจื•ื‘ ื•ื–ื”ื• BBC News Review,
00:09
and joining me today is Neil. Hello Neil.
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ื•ื”ื™ื•ื ืžืฆื˜ืจืฃ ืืœื™ื™ ื ื™ืœ. ืฉืœื•ื ื ื™ืœ.
00:12
Hi there, Rob. If you want to test yourself
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ืฉืœื•ื ืœืš, ืจื•ื‘. ืื ืืชื” ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืืช ืขืฆืžืš
00:14
on the vocabulary that you learn in this programme,
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ืขืœ ืื•ืฆืจ ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื ืฉืืชื” ืœื•ืžื“ ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื–ื•,
00:17
there's a quiz on our website at bbclearningenglish.com
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ื™ืฉ ื—ื™ื“ื•ืŸ ื‘ืืชืจ ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ื›ืชื•ื‘ืช bbclearningenglish.com
00:21
but for now, let's hear a news report on that story
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ืื‘ืœ ืœืขืช ืขืชื”, ื‘ื•ื ื ืฉืžืข ื“ื™ื•ื•ื— ื—ื“ืฉื•ืชื™ ืขืœ ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื–ื”
00:24
about the German elections from the BBC:
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ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ื’ืจืžื ื™ื” ืžื”-BBC:
01:03
So, as you have heard, there's been an election in Germany
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ืื–, ื›ืคื™ ืฉืืชื” ืฉืžืขื•, ื”ื™ื• ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ื’ืจืžื ื™ื”
01:07
and the Social Democratic Party have narrowly won that election.
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ื•ื”ืžืคืœื’ื” ื”ืกื•ืฆื™ืืœ-ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ืช ื ื™ืฆื—ื” ื‘ืงื•ืฉื™ ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืืœื”.
01:11
They got more votes than any other party,
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ื”ื ืงื™ื‘ืœื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืงื•ืœื•ืช ืžื›ืœ ืžืคืœื’ื” ืื—ืจืช,
01:15
but it's not as simple as that.
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืœื ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืคืฉื•ื˜.
01:17
The parties are now trying to form coalitions with each other
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ื”ืžืคืœื’ื•ืช ืžื ืกื•ืช ื›ืขืช ืœื”ืงื™ื ืงื•ืืœื™ืฆื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ืŸ
01:21
and whoever does that successfully
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ื•ืžื™ ืฉื™ืขืฉื” ื–ืืช ื‘ื”ืฆืœื—ื”
01:24
will be able to form the next government of Germany.
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ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืงื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื”ื‘ืื” ืฉืœ ื’ืจืžื ื™ื”.
01:27
The one thing we do know is that Angela Merkel
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ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื›ืŸ ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ื”ื•ื ืฉืื ื’'ืœื” ืžืจืงืœ
01:30
will no longer be the chancellor after sixteen years.
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ื›ื‘ืจ ืœื ืชื”ื™ื” ื”ืงื ืฆืœืจื™ืช ืื—ืจื™ ืฉืฉ ืขืฉืจื” ืฉื ื™ื.
01:35
OK. And we've got three words and expressions that we can use
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ื‘ืกื“ืจ. ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืžื™ืœื™ื ื•ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ื™ื ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื”ื
01:39
to talk about this news story, haven't we, Neil?
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื—ื“ืฉื•ืชื™ ื”ื–ื”, ื ื›ื•ืŸ, ื ื™ืœ?
01:48
So, that's 'pivotal', 'usher in' and 'vie'.
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ืื–, ื–ื” 'ืžืจื›ื–ื™', 'ืœื”ื›ื ื™ืก' ื•'ืœื”ืชื—ืจื•ืช'.
01:52
OK. Well, let's have a look at our first news headline, shall we?
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ื‘ืกื“ืจ. ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ื›ื•ืชืจืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉืœื ื•, ื ื›ื•ืŸ?
01:56
Yes, OK. Here we go.
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ื›ืŸ ื‘ืกื“ืจ. ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื.
01:58
The first headline is from CNBC and it reads:
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ื”ื›ื•ืชืจืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื”ื™ื ืž-CNBC ื•ื”ื™ื ื›ืชื•ื‘ื”:
02:09
OK. So, that's 'pivotal' โ€“ important and influential.
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ื‘ืกื“ืจ. ืื–, ื–ื” "ืžื›ืจื™ืข" - ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืžืฉืคื™ืข.
02:14
Yes and we spell that P-I-V-O-T-A-L
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ื›ืŸ ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืื™ื™ืชื™ื ืืช ื–ื” P-I-V-O-T-A-L
02:20
and it is an adjective,
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ื•ื–ื” ืฉื ืชื•ืืจ,
02:22
but perhaps a good way to try and understand and remember this word
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ืื‘ืœ ืื•ืœื™ ื“ืจืš ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืœื ืกื•ืช ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื•ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืžื™ืœื” ื”ื–ื•
02:27
is if we look at the first part of it:
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ื”ื™ื ืื ื ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœื”:
02:29
the word 'pivot'. What's a 'pivot', Rob?
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ื”ืžื™ืœื” 'ืฆื™ืจ'. ืžื” ื–ื” 'ืฆื™ืจ', ืจื•ื‘?
02:33
This is more used, I thought, in sort-of technology and mechanical things:
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ื–ื” ืžืฉืžืฉ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™, ื‘ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื•ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžื›ื ื™ื™ื:
02:37
a 'pivot' is a central point, isn't it,
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'ืฆื™ืจ' ื”ื•ื ื ืงื•ื“ื” ืžืจื›ื–ื™ืช, ืœื,
02:40
where everything else moves around it?
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ืื™ืคื” ื›ืœ ื”ืฉืืจ ื ืข ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•?
02:42
That's right, yes. That's exactly it: a central point where something else
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ื ื›ื•ืŸ, ื›ืŸ. ื–ื” ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื–ื”: ื ืงื•ื“ื” ืžืจื›ื–ื™ืช ืฉื‘ื” ืžืฉื”ื• ืื—ืจ
02:46
moves around in a machine, or a device of some kind, is a 'pivot'.
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ืžืกืชื•ื‘ื‘ ื‘ืžื›ื•ื ื”, ืื• ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ื›ืœืฉื”ื•, โ€‹โ€‹ื”ื™ื 'ืฆื™ืจ'.
02:51
But we use this figuratively very, very often
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื–ื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืคื™ื’ื•ืจื˜ื™ื‘ื™ ืžืื•ื“ ืžืื•ื“ ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช
02:55
to describe something that is important
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืชืืจ ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื”ื•ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘
02:59
and can change direction at that point.
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ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฉื ื•ืช ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื‘ื ืงื•ื“ื” ื–ื•.
03:02
So, for example, an election victory is a 'pivotal' moment
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ืื–, ืœืžืฉืœ, ื ื™ืฆื—ื•ืŸ ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื•ื ืจื’ืข 'ืžื›ืจื™ืข'
03:08
because things can change from that point.
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ื›ื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชื ื•ืช ืžืื•ืชื” ื ืงื•ื“ื”.
03:12
And we hear that word 'pivotal' used with other words,
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืฉื•ืžืขื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื™ืœื” ื”ื–ื• 'ืžืคืชื—' ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืขื ืžื™ืœื™ื ืื—ืจื•ืช,
03:15
don't we, like 'figure' or 'role'?
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ื ื›ื•ืŸ, ื›ืžื• 'ื“ืžื•ืช' ืื• 'ืชืคืงื™ื“'?
03:18
That's right. We can describe someone
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ื–ื” ื ื›ื•ืŸ. ืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืชืืจ ืžื™ืฉื”ื•
03:20
as having a 'pivotal role' in something else.
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ื›ื‘ืขืœ 'ืชืคืงื™ื“ ืžืจื›ื–ื™' ื‘ืžืฉื”ื• ืื—ืจ.
03:24
So, let's take a simple sporting example.
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ืื– ื‘ื•ืื• ื ื™ืงื— ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืกืคื•ืจื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช ืคืฉื•ื˜ื”.
03:27
Everybody knows who Christiano Ronaldo is:
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ื›ื•ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืžื™ ื–ื” ื›ืจื™ืกื˜ื™ืื ื• ืจื•ื ืืœื“ื•:
03:30
he has played football for Manchester United,
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ื”ื•ื ืฉื™ื—ืง ื›ื“ื•ืจื’ืœ ื‘ืžื ืฆ'ืกื˜ืจ ื™ื•ื ื™ื™ื˜ื“,
03:34
for Real Madrid, for Juventus โ€“
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ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืจื™ืืœ ืžื“ืจื™ื“, ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื™ื•ื‘ื ื˜ื•ืก โ€“
03:37
he's back at Manchester United now โ€“
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ื”ื•ื ื—ื–ืจ ืœืžื ืฆ'ืกื˜ืจ ื™ื•ื ื™ื™ื˜ื“ ืขื›ืฉื™ื• โ€“
03:39
ย  of course his own country, Portugal.
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ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ืชื• ืฉืœื•, ืคื•ืจื˜ื•ื’ืœ.
03:41
And in every single team, he has played a 'pivotal role'.
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ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ืงื‘ื•ืฆื”, ื”ื•ื ืžื™ืœื 'ืชืคืงื™ื“ ืžืจื›ื–ื™'.
03:45
It means he has been the really important person,
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ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ื”ืื“ื ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืืžืช,
03:49
who has created change around him.
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ืฉื™ืฆืจ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•.
03:52
OK. So, 'pivotal'... 'pivotal' is an important thing.
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ื‘ืกื“ืจ. ืื–, 'ืฆื™ืจื™'... 'ืฆื™ืจื™ื' ื”ื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ ื—ืฉื•ื‘.
03:57
So, for example, if I was in the office and I change the type of
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ืื–, ืœืžืฉืœ, ืื ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ื•ืื ื™ ืžืฉื ื” ืืช ืกื•ื’
04:00
biscuits that we started eating in the office, would I be playing
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ื”ื‘ื™ืกืงื•ื•ื™ื˜ื™ื ืฉื”ืชื—ืœื ื• ืœืื›ื•ืœ ื‘ืžืฉืจื“, ื”ืื ืืžืœื
04:04
a 'pivotal role' in the future of biscuit-eating in the office?
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'ืชืคืงื™ื“ ืžืจื›ื–ื™' ื‘ืขืชื™ื“ ืฉืœ ืื›ื™ืœืช ื‘ื™ืกืงื•ื•ื™ื˜ื™ื ื‘ืžืฉืจื“?
04:09
Well, Rob, we all know that biscuits are very important to you,
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืจื•ื‘, ื›ื•ืœื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉื”ื‘ื™ืกืงื•ื•ื™ื˜ื™ื ืžืื•ื“ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ืœืš,
04:13
but that's... that's not something that all of us share.
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื”... ื–ื” ืœื ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื›ื•ืœื ื• ื—ื•ืœืงื™ื.
04:18
So, it would be... it would sound strange to
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ืื–, ื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื”... ื–ื” ื™ื™ืฉืžืข ืžื•ื–ืจ
04:21
describe the change of biscuits as 'pivotal' because we use
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ืœืชืืจ ืืช ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื™ืกืงื•ื•ื™ื˜ื™ื ื›'ืžืจื›ื–ื™' ื›ื™ ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื
04:25
that word to describe things that are serious and important.
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ื‘ืžื™ืœื” ื”ื–ื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœืชืืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืจืฆื™ื ื™ื™ื ื•ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื.
04:30
OK. Great. Let's have a summary now of that word:
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ื‘ืกื“ืจ. ื’ื“ื•ืœ. ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืขืฉื” ืกื™ื›ื•ื ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืžื™ืœื” ื”ื–ื•:
04:42
Well, as many of you know, Brexit played a 'pivotal role'
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื›ืคื™ ืฉืจื‘ื™ื ืžื›ื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, Brexit ืฉื™ื—ืง "ืชืคืงื™ื“ ืžืจื›ื–ื™"
04:46
in the history of the UK
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ื‘ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืฉืœ ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื”
04:48
and we talked about it quite a lot on News Review.
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ื•ื“ื™ื‘ืจื ื• ืขืœ ื–ื” ื“ื™ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื‘-News Review.
04:51
Where can people watch those videos again, Neil?
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ืื™ืคื” ืื ืฉื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฆืคื•ืช ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ื ื”ืืœื”, ื ื™ืœ?
04:54
All they need to do โ€“ all you need to do is click on the link below.
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ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื”ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช - ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืืชื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื”ื•ื ืœืœื—ื•ืฅ ืขืœ ื”ืงื™ืฉื•ืจ ืœืžื˜ื”.
05:00
Great. Let's now have a look at your second headline.
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ื’ื“ื•ืœ. ื‘ื•ื ื ืกืชื›ืœ ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืขืœ ื”ื›ื•ืชืจืช ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื” ืฉืœืš.
05:04
OK. My second headline comes from the BBC โ€“
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ื‘ืกื“ืจ. ื”ื›ื•ืชืจืช ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื” ืฉืœื™ ืžื’ื™ืขื” ืžื”-BBC โ€“
05:07
News Online โ€“ and it reads:
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News Online โ€“ ื•ื”ื™ื ื›ืชื•ื‘ื”:
05:16
So, 'usher in' โ€“ that's: make something important start to happen.
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ืื–, 'ื”ื›ื ืกื•' โ€“ ื›ืœื•ืžืจ: ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœืžืฉื”ื• ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœืงืจื•ืช.
05:21
That's right and it's a phrasal verb.
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ื–ื” ื ื›ื•ืŸ ื•ื–ื” ืคื•ืขืœ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™.
05:23
It's made up of two words. The first one is usher: U-S-H-E-R.
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ื–ื” ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ ืžืฉืชื™ ืžื™ืœื™ื. ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืกื“ืจืŸ: U-S-H-E-R.
05:29
And the second part is 'in': I-N.
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ื•ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ืฉื ื™ ื”ื•ื 'ื‘': ืื™-ื .
05:32
So, together we have 'to usher in' as a... as a phrasal verb.
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ืื–, ื™ื—ื“ ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• 'ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ' ื‘ืชื•ืจ... ื›ืคื•ืขืœ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™.
05:36
Now, I think an 'usher' of โ€“ someone who shows people
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉ'ืกื“ืจืŸ' ืฉืœ - ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืฉืžืจืื” ืื ืฉื™ื
05:40
into a theatre or cinema. They show you to your seat.
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ืœืชื•ืš ืชื™ืื˜ืจื•ืŸ ืื• ืงื•ืœื ื•ืข. ื”ื ืžืจืื™ื ืื•ืชืš ืืœ ื”ืžื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืœืš.
05:43
That's exactly right, Rob, yes. We have the role or the job of 'usher',
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ื–ื” ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื ื›ื•ืŸ, ืจื•ื‘, ื›ืŸ. ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืืช ื”ืชืคืงื™ื“ ืื• ื”ืชืคืงื™ื“ ืฉืœ 'ืกื“ืจืŸ',
05:49
and that's a person, perhaps as you said โ€“ the cinema or the theatre.
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ื•ื–ื” ืื“ื, ืื•ืœื™ ื›ืžื• ืฉืืžืจืช - ื”ืงื•ืœื ื•ืข ืื• ื”ืชื™ืื˜ืจื•ืŸ.
05:53
Also at a wedding, you could be asked to be an 'usher':
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ื’ื ื‘ื—ืชื•ื ื”, ืืคืฉืจ ืœื‘ืงืฉ ืžืžืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช 'ืกื“ืจืŸ':
05:57
that's somebody who, kind of, shows people around,
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ื–ื” ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืฉื›ืžื•, ืžืจืื” ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘,
05:59
tells them where to go and what to do.
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ืื•ืžืจ ืœื”ื ืœืืŸ ืœืœื›ืช ื•ืžื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช.
06:02
And it's that sense of direction: giving somebody direction,
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ื•ื–ื” ื—ื•ืฉ ื”ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื”: ืœืชืช ืœืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ,
06:07
which is the same here as a verb.
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ืฉื–ื” ื–ื”ื” ื›ืืŸ ืœืคื•ืขืœ.
06:10
So, we say to 'usher something in'
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ืื–, ืื ื—ื ื• ืื•ืžืจื™ื "ืœื”ื›ื ื™ืก ืžืฉื”ื• ืคื ื™ืžื”"
06:14
means that something has changed at that point
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ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื• ืฉืžืฉื”ื• ื”ืฉืชื ื” ื‘ืื•ืชื” ื ืงื•ื“ื”
06:17
and there is a new direction.
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ื•ื™ืฉ ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื—ื“ืฉ.
06:20
And we can talk about all different situations, can't we?
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืžืฆื‘ื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื, ืœื?
06:23
For example, today the weather has changed. It's started raining.
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ืœืžืฉืœ, ื”ื™ื•ื ืžื–ื’ ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ื”ืฉืชื ื”. ื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœืจื“ืช ื’ืฉื.
06:26
The wind started blowing. It, kind of, means the end of summer.
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ื”ืจื•ื— ื”ื—ืœื” ืœื ืฉื•ื‘. ื–ื”, ื‘ืขืจืš, ืื•ืžืจ ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืงื™ืฅ.
06:29
So, the rain has 'ushered in' a new season.
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ืื–, ื”ื’ืฉื 'ื”ื›ื ื™ืก' ืขื•ื ื” ื—ื“ืฉื”.
06:33
Absolutely. Yes, the rain... the rain has arrived
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ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜. ื›ืŸ, ื”ื’ืฉื... ื”ื’ืฉื ื”ื’ื™ืข
06:35
and it seems to have 'ushered in' the autumn finally.
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ื•ื ืจืื” ืฉ'ื”ื›ื ื™ืก' ืืช ื”ืกืชื™ื• ืกื•ืฃ ืกื•ืฃ.
06:38
It's been pretty warm up until now in the UK.
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ื”ื™ื” ื“ื™ ื—ื ืขื“ ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื‘ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื”.
06:42
Also we can talk about great world events 'ushering in' changes.
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ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื ืขื•ืœืžื™ื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื 'ื”ืžื›ื ื™ืกื™ื' ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื.
06:46
The most obvious one of course, over the last year and a half โ€“
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ื”ื‘ืจื•ืจ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืฉื ื” ื•ื—ืฆื™ ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช -
06:50
almost two years, is the Covid-19 pandemic.
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ื›ืžืขื˜ ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื, ื”ื•ื ืžื’ื™ืคืช ืงื•ื‘ื™ื“-19.
06:54
It has 'ushered in' so many changes in the way we lead our lives:
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ื–ื” 'ื”ื›ื ื™ืก' ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ืฉื‘ื” ืื ื• ืžื ื”ืœื™ื ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื ื•:
06:59
just one example is the way we work.
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ืจืง ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืื—ืช ื”ื™ื ื”ื“ืจืš ืฉื‘ื” ืื ื• ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื.
07:01
People like you and I, Rob, who work in offices:
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ืื ืฉื™ื ื›ืžื•ืš ื•ืื ื™, ืจื•ื‘, ืฉืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื:
07:04
we've been working from home, largely,
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ืขื‘ื“ื ื• ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืžื”ื‘ื™ืช,
07:07
and it seems like the Covid pandemic has 'ushered in'
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ื•ื ืจืื” ืฉืžื’ื™ืคืช ืงื•ื‘ื™ื“ 'ื”ื›ื ื™ืกื”'
07:12
a new era of home-working.
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ืขื™ื“ืŸ ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื‘ื™ืช.
07:15
Indeed. And also in history, there have been technological changes
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ืื›ืŸ. ื•ื’ื ื‘ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื”, ื—ืœื• ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื™ื
07:20
that have 'ushered in' other developments,
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ืฉ'ื”ื›ื ื™ืกื•' ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ื™ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช,
07:23
such as the invention of the jet plane
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ื›ืžื• ื”ืžืฆืืช ืžื˜ื•ืก ื”ืกื™ืœื•ืŸ
07:25
that 'ushered in' a new era of travel around the world.
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ืฉ'ื”ื›ื ื™ืก' ืขื™ื“ืŸ ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ื˜ื™ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื.
07:30
Absolutely. All sorts of technological developments have
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ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜. ื›ืœ ืžื™ื ื™ ืคื™ืชื•ื—ื™ื ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื™ื
07:33
'ushered in' great change: the internet, smartphones, but as you say
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'ื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœื•' ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื’ื“ื•ืœ: ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜, ื”ืกืžืืจื˜ืคื•ื ื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ื›ืžื• ืฉืืชื” ืื•ืžืจ
07:38
jet airplanes cut the length of time it took to travel places overseas
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ืžื˜ื•ืกื™ ืกื™ืœื•ืŸ ืงื™ืฆืฆื• ื‘ื›ืžื•ืช ืขืฆื•ืžื” ืืช ืžืฉืš ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืœืงื— ืœื˜ื™ื™ืœ ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื™ื
07:46
by a huge amount and it changed the way that we lived our lives.
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ื•ื–ื” ืฉื™ื ื” ืืช ื”ื“ืจืš ืฉื‘ื” ื—ื™ื™ื ื• ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื ื•.
07:51
OK. Very good. Well, I think we should now 'usher in'
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ื‘ืกื“ืจ. ื˜ื•ื‘ ืžืื•ื“. ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืขื›ืฉื™ื• 'ืœื”ื›ื ื™ืก'
07:54
a summary of that phrase.
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ืกื™ื›ื•ื ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื”ื–ื”.
07:56
Absolutely.
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ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜.
08:06
Now, 'usher in' was an example of a phrasal verb.
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ื›ืขืช, 'ืœื”ื›ื ื™ืก' ื”ื™ื” ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืœืคื•ืขืœ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™.
08:09
You can learn lots more about phrasal verbs in English Class with Dan.
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ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ ืคืขืœื™ื ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ื™ื™ื ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืขื ื“ืŸ.
08:13
Where can people watch English Class, Neil?
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ืื™ืคื” ืื ืฉื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฆืคื•ืช ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช, ื ื™ืœ?
08:16
All you need to do is click on the link below to get Dan:
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ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืืชื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื”ื•ื ืœืœื—ื•ืฅ ืขืœ ื”ืงื™ืฉื•ืจ ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื‘ืœ ื“ืŸ:
08:19
an English Class on phrasal verbs.
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ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืขืœ ืคืขืœื™ื ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ื™ื™ื.
08:22
Great stuff. OK. Let's have a look at our third headline now please.
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ืื—ืœื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื. ื‘ืกื“ืจ. ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ื”ื›ื•ืชืจืช ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช ืฉืœื ื• ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื‘ื‘ืงืฉื”.
08:26
OK. Our third headline comes from the Guardian and it reads:
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ื‘ืกื“ืจ. ื”ื›ื•ืชืจืช ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช ืฉืœื ื• ืžื’ื™ืขื” ืžื”ื’ืจื“ื™ืืŸ ื•ื”ื™ื ืื•ืžืจืช:
08:39
That's 'vie' โ€“ compete with others to gain superiority.
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ื–ื” 'ื•ื™' - ื”ืชื—ืจื• ืขื ืื—ืจื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืขืœื™ื•ื ื•ืช.
08:43
Yes and here's one to pay attention to:
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ื›ืŸ ื•ื›ืืŸ ื™ืฉ ืœืฉื™ื ืœื‘:
08:46
the spelling is V-I-E.
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ื”ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื”ื•ื V-I-E.
08:50
The pronunciation is 'vie', but the spelling is V-I-E,
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ื”ื”ื’ื™ื™ื” ื”ื™ื 'vie', ืื‘ืœ ื”ืื™ื•ืช ื”ื•ื V-I-E,
08:54
so it doesn't look like it sounds unfortunately.
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ืื– ื–ื” ืœื ื ืจืื” ื›ืžื• ืฉื–ื” ื ืฉืžืข ืœืžืจื‘ื” ื”ืฆืขืจ.
09:00
And 'vie' is something we do on a big scale.
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ื•-'vie' ื–ื” ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื‘ืงื ื” ืžื™ื“ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœ.
09:03
So, we wouldn't compete together, maybe,
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ืื– ืœื ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืžืชื—ืจื™ื ื‘ื™ื—ื“, ืื•ืœื™,
09:05
just to go and get the kettle to make a cup of tea.
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ืจืง ื›ื“ื™ ืœืœื›ืช ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ืงื•ืžืงื•ื ืœื”ื›ื™ืŸ ื›ื•ืก ืชื”.
09:09
No. That's right. Yes, as we said, we've talked...
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ืœื. ื–ื” ื ื›ื•ืŸ. ื›ืŸ, ื›ืžื• ืฉืืžืจื ื•, ื“ื™ื‘ืจื ื•...
09:12
we're talking about elections here. When we use the word 'vie',
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืคื” ืขืœ ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช. ื›ืืฉืจ ืื ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืžื™ืœื” 'ื•ื™',
09:16
it gives a sense of competition, which is serious and important.
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ื–ื” ื ื•ืชืŸ ืชื—ื•ืฉื” ืฉืœ ืชื—ืจื•ืช, ืฉื”ื™ื ืจืฆื™ื ื™ืช ื•ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื”.
09:20
You 'vie for' something or you 'vie to become' something.
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ืืชื” 'ืžืชื—ืจื”' ืขืœ ืžืฉื”ื• ืื• ืฉืืชื” 'ืžืชื—ืจื” ืœื”ืคื•ืš' ืœืžืฉื”ื•.
09:25
You 'vie to become' the leader of your party
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ืืชื” 'ืžืชื—ืจื” ืœื”ืคื•ืš' ืœืžื ื”ื™ื’ ื”ืžืคืœื’ื” ืฉืœืš
09:29
or you 'vie to become' the next government.
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ืื• ืฉืืชื” 'ืžืชื—ืจื” ืœื”ืคื•ืš' ืœืžืžืฉืœื” ื”ื‘ืื”.
09:32
Sports teams would 'vie with' each other to become the champions.
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ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ืกืคื•ืจื˜ ื”ื™ื• 'ืžืชื—ืจื•ืช' ืื—ืช ืขื ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืœืืœื•ืคื•ืช.
09:38
And so we use it in that sense. It's probably...
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ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื–ื” ื‘ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ื”ื–ื”. ื–ื” ื›ื ืจืื”...
09:42
Can... can we also say that they can be 'vying' to be โ€“ for example,
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ื”ืื... ืืคืฉืจ ื’ื ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช 'ืžืชื—ืจื™ื' ืœื”ื™ื•ืช โ€“ ืœืžืฉืœ,
09:46
the football teams be 'vying' to be top of the table.
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ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ื”ื›ื“ื•ืจื’ืœ 'ืžืชื—ืจื•ืช' ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืจืืฉ ื”ื˜ื‘ืœื”.
09:49
Yes. So, it's a verb and we can use it with an '-ing' form.
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ื›ืŸ. ืื– ื–ื” ืคื•ืขืœ ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื• ืขื ืฆื•ืจืช '-ing'.
09:54
But, again, be careful because the spelling changes.
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ืื‘ืœ, ืฉื•ื‘, ื”ื™ื–ื”ืจ ื›ื™ ื”ืื™ื•ืช ืžืฉืชื ื”.
09:57
It's a short word, V-I-E,
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ื–ื• ืžื™ืœื” ืงืฆืจื”, V-I-E,
09:59
and we lose the 'I-E' when we're using it with the '-ing' form,
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ื•ืื ื• ืžืื‘ื“ื™ื ืืช ื”-'I-E' ื›ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื” ืขื ื”ืฆื•ืจื” '-ing',
10:03
so 'vying' becomes V-Y-I-N-G.
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ื›ืš ืฉ-'vying' ื”ื•ืคืš ืœ-V-Y-I-N-G.
10:07
Neil, 'vie' โ€“ it's a very small word, isn't it?
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ื ื™ืœ, 'ื•ื™' - ื–ื• ืžื™ืœื” ืงื˜ื ื” ืžืื•ื“, ืœื?
10:11
Yes. Well, we just said that we use it to talk about really important things,
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ื›ืŸ. ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืจืง ืืžืจื ื• ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืืžืช,
10:14
but it's a little... it's a little word and I think because of...
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืงืฆืช... ื–ื• ืžื™ืœื” ืงื˜ื ื” ื•ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื‘ื’ืœืœ...
10:19
because of its size, it gets overused.
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ื’ื•ื“ืœ ืฉืœื”, ื ืขืฉื” ื‘ื” ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื™ืชืจ.
10:22
So, as we said, you and I talking about competition โ€“
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ืื–, ื›ืžื• ืฉืืžืจื ื•, ืื ื™ ื•ืืชื” ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ืชื—ืจื•ืช โ€“
10:26
we wouldn't say: 'We are vying with each other.'
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ืœื ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืื•ืžืจื™ื: 'ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืชื—ืจื™ื ืื—ื“ ืขื ื”ืฉื ื™'.
10:29
Or: 'Let's vie with each other to get to make a cup of tea.'
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ืื•: 'ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืชื—ืจื” ืื—ื“ ืขื ื”ืฉื ื™ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื”ื›ื™ืŸ ื›ื•ืก ืชื”'.
10:33
It sounds too...
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ื–ื” ื ืฉืžืข ืžื“ื™...
10:36
it sounds too formal for an informal or unimportant situation.
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ื–ื” ื ืฉืžืข ืจืฉืžื™ ืžื“ื™ ืœืžืฆื‘ ืœื ืจืฉืžื™ ืื• ืœื ื—ืฉื•ื‘.
10:40
So, the reason headline writers like this word and the reason we see it
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ืื– ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉื›ื•ืชื‘ื™ ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื™ืœื” ื”ื–ื• ื•ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ืื•ืชื”
10:44
a lot in the press is that it's short and people โ€“ journalists like
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ื”ืจื‘ื” ื‘ืขื™ืชื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื ืงืฆืจื” ื•ืื ืฉื™ื - ืขื™ืชื•ื ืื™ื ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื
10:48
short words to go into headlines because you can get more of them in.
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ืžื™ืœื™ื ืงืฆืจื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืœื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ื›ื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื›ื ื™ืก ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื”ืŸ.
10:52
Yeah, OK. So, a short word with a lot of importance.
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ื›ืŸ, ื‘ืกื“ืจ. ืื–, ืžื™ืœื” ืงืฆืจื” ืขื ื”ืจื‘ื” ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช.
10:57
That's right. That's right.
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ื–ื” ื ื›ื•ืŸ. ื–ื” ื ื›ื•ืŸ.
10:58
Good. Let's have a summary:
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ื˜ื•ึนื‘. ื‘ื•ื ื ืขืฉื” ืกื™ื›ื•ื:
11:09
Now, Neil, do you think you could recap the vocabulary
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื ื™ืœ, ืืชื” ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืกื›ื ืืช ืื•ืฆืจ ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื
11:11
that we've talked about today please?
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ืฉื“ื™ื‘ืจื ื• ืขืœื™ื• ื”ื™ื•ื ื‘ื‘ืงืฉื”?
11:13
Absolutely. So, first of all, we have:
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ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜. ืื–, ืงื•ื“ื ื›ืœ, ื™ืฉ ืœื ื•:
11:15
'pivotal' โ€“ important and influential.
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'ืฆื™ืจ ืžืจื›ื–ื™' โ€“ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืžืฉืคื™ืข.
11:19
We have 'usher in' โ€“ make something important start to happen.
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ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• 'ืœื”ื›ื ื™ืก' - ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœืžืฉื”ื• ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœืงืจื•ืช.
11:24
And 'vie' โ€“ compete with others to gain superiority.
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ื•'ื•ื™' - ืœื”ืชื—ืจื•ืช ืขื ืื—ืจื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืขืœื™ื•ื ื•ืช.
11:29
OK. There's three words and phrases you can use to talk about
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ื‘ืกื“ืจ. ื™ืฉ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืžื™ืœื™ื ื•ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ
11:33
the German elections and you can test your understanding of these
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ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ื’ืจืžื ื™ื” ื•ืชื•ื›ืœ ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืืช ื”ื‘ื ืชืš ื‘ื”ื
11:37
in a quiz on our website at bbclearningenglish.com.
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ื‘ื—ื™ื“ื•ืŸ ื‘ืืชืจ ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ื›ืชื•ื‘ืช bbclearningenglish.com.
11:41
Don't forget we're all over social media as well so check us out.
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ืืœ ืชืฉื›ื— ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื” ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช ื’ื ื›ืŸ ืื– ื‘ื“ื•ืง ืื•ืชื ื•.
11:44
Right, well, that's all for today. Thanks so much for watching.
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ื ื›ื•ืŸ, ื˜ื•ื‘, ื–ื” ื”ื›ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ื. ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ืขืœ ื”ืฆืคื™ื™ื”.
11:47
See you again next time. Bye-bye!
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ื ืชืจืื” ื‘ืคืขื ื”ื‘ืื”. ื‘ื™ื™ ื‘ื™ื™!
11:49
Goodbye.
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ื”ึฑื™ื” ืฉืœื•ื.

Original video on YouTube.com
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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