Global economy slows down: BBC News Review

133,126 views ใƒป 2023-01-18

BBC Learning English


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ. ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืžืชื•ืจื’ืžื•ืช ืžืชื•ืจื’ืžื•ืช ื‘ืžื›ื•ื ื”.

00:00
Is the global economy slowing down? The World Bank
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ื”ืื ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื” ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช ืžืื˜ื”? ื”ื‘ื ืง ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™
00:04
thinks we're heading for recession.
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ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืœืงืจืืช ืžื™ืชื•ืŸ.
00:06
This is News Review from BBC Learning English.
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ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืกืงื™ืจืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืฉืœ BBC Learning English.
00:10
I'm Neil. And I'm Beth.
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ืื ื™ ื ื™ืœ. ื•ืื ื™ ื‘ืช'.
00:11
Make sure you watch to the end to learn vocabulary to talk about this story.
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ื”ืงืคื“ ืœืฆืคื•ืช ืขื“ ื”ืกื•ืฃ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืื•ืฆืจ ืžื™ืœื™ื ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื–ื”.
00:15
And don't forget to subscribe to our channel, like this video
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ื•ืืœ ืชืฉื›ื—ื• ืœื”ื™ืจืฉื ืœืขืจื•ืฅ ืฉืœื ื•, ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืœื™ื™ืง ืœืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื”
00:19
and try the quiz on our website.
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ื•ืœื ืกื•ืช ืืช ื”ื—ื™ื“ื•ืŸ ื‘ืืชืจ ืฉืœื ื•.
00:21
Now, the story.
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ.
00:24
As prices continue to rise,
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ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื”ืžื—ื™ืจื™ื ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื™ื ืœืขืœื•ืช,
00:27
the global economy is getting closer to a recession.
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ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื” ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช ืžืชืงืจื‘ืช ืœืžื™ืชื•ืŸ.
00:31
That's according to a prediction by the World Bank.
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ื›ืš ืขืœ ืคื™ ืชื—ื–ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื ืง ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™.
00:35
This year, the economy is expected to rise by the smallest percentage
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ื”ืฉื ื”, ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื” ืฆืคื•ื™ื” ืœืขืœื•ืช ื‘ืื—ื•ื– ื”ืงื˜ืŸ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ
00:39
since 1991. Reasons for slow growth
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ืžืื– 1991. ื”ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœืฆืžื™ื—ื” ืื™ื˜ื™ืช
00:44
include Russia's invasion of Ukraine and the impact of the pandemic.
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ื›ื•ืœืœื•ืช ืืช ืคืœื™ืฉืช ืจื•ืกื™ื” ืœืื•ืงืจืื™ื ื” ื•ืืช ื”ืฉืคืขืช ื”ืžื’ื™ืคื”.
00:50
You've been looking at the headlines,
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ื”ืกืชื›ืœืช ื‘ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช,
00:51
Beth, what's the vocabulary?
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ื‘ืช', ืžื” ืื•ืฆืจ ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื?
00:53
We have 'overcoming', 'doom and gloom' and 'turbulent'.
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ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• 'ื”ืชื’ื‘ืจื•ืช', 'ืื‘ื“ื•ืŸ ื•ืงื“ืจื•ืช' ื•'ืกื•ืขืจืช'.
01:00
This is News Review from BBC Learning English.
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ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืกืงื™ืจืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืฉืœ BBC Learning English.
01:09
Let's take a look at our first headline.
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ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ื”ื›ื•ืชืจืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉืœื ื•.
01:11
This is from the Daily Star in Bangladesh.
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ื–ื” ืžื”ื“ื™ื™ืœื™ ืกื˜ืืจ ื‘ื‘ื ื’ืœื“ืฉ.
01:14
Overcoming looming economic challenges
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ื”ืชื’ื‘ืจื•ืช ืขืœ ืืชื’ืจื™ื ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื™ื ืฆืคื•ื™ื™ื
01:19
in 2023.
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ื‘-2023.
01:21
OK. Let's start with a definition of 'recession',
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ื‘ืกื“ืจ. ื ืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ื”ื’ื“ืจื” ืฉืœ 'ืžื™ืชื•ืŸ',
01:24
because that's what this story is about. 'A recession' is a period
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ื›ื™ ืขืœ ื–ื” ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื–ื” . 'ืžื™ืชื•ืŸ' ื”ื•ื ืชืงื•ืคื”
01:29
of two or more quarters โ€“
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ืฉืœ ืฉื ื™ ืจื‘ืขื•ื ื™ื ืื• ื™ื•ืชืจ -
01:31
that's three-month periods โ€“ when the economy shrinks.
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ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืชืงื•ืคื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื - ืฉื‘ื” ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื” ืžืชื›ื•ื•ืฆืช.
01:36
Now, in this headline, it's saying that hard economic times are coming.
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื‘ื›ื•ืชืจืช ื”ื–ื•, ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืฉืžืชืงืจื‘ื™ื ื–ืžื ื™ื ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื™ื ืงืฉื™ื.
01:42
But the word
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01:42
we're looking at is 'overcoming' and it's made up of two parts, 'over' and 'coming'.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืžื™ืœื”
ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžืกืชื›ืœื™ื ืขืœื™ื” ื”ื™ื 'ื”ืชื’ื‘ืจื•ืช' ื•ื”ื™ื ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ืช ืžืฉื ื™ ื—ืœืงื™ื, 'ืžืขืœ' ื•'ื‘ื'.
01:48
I know both of those parts,
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ืื ื™ ืžื›ื™ืจ ืืช ืฉื ื™ ื”ื—ืœืงื™ื ื”ืืœื”,
01:50
but when we put them together,
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืื•ืชื ื‘ื™ื—ื“,
01:51
what's the sense?
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ืžื” ื”ื”ื™ื’ื™ื•ืŸ?
01:52
Well, 'overcome' means you successfully deal with a problem, and a problem
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, 'ืœื”ืชื’ื‘ืจ' ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื• ืฉืืชื” ืžืชืžื•ื“ื“ ื‘ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ืขื ื‘ืขื™ื” ื•ื‘ืขื™ื”
01:57
that is quite difficult to cope with. So, in this case, 'economic challenges'.
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ืฉื“ื™ ืงืฉื” ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืื™ืชื”. ืื–, ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื”ื–ื”, 'ืืชื’ืจื™ื ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื™ื'.
02:01
OK. So, 'overcoming' is similar to 'defeat' or 'control'.
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ื‘ืกื“ืจ. ืื–, 'ื”ืชื’ื‘ืจื•ืช' ื“ื•ืžื” ืœ'ืชื‘ื•ืกื”' ืื• 'ืฉืœื™ื˜ื”'.
02:07
Yeah, that's right. So, if you are very shy,
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ื›ืŸ ื–ื” ื ื›ื•ืŸ. ืœื›ืŸ, ืื ืืชื” ืžืื•ื“ ื‘ื™ื™ืฉืŸ,
02:09
you might overcome your shyness โ€“ you gain control of it
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ืืชื” ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื”ืชื’ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื™ื™ืฉื ื•ืช ืฉืœืš - ืืชื” ืžืฉื™ื’ ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ื‘ื”
02:14
and become more confident.
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ื•ื”ื•ืคืš ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ื™ื•ืชืจ.
02:15
Yeah, or you might be playing sport,
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ื›ืŸ, ืื• ืฉืืชื” ืžืฉื—ืง ืกืคื•ืจื˜,
02:18
let's say football,
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ื ื ื™ื— ื›ื“ื•ืจื’ืœ,
02:19
and if you 'overcome' the opposition,
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ื•ืื ืืชื” 'ืžืชื’ื‘ืจ' ืขืœ ื”ืื•ืคื•ื–ื™ืฆื™ื”,
02:22
it means you beat them. But it's not just beating. With 'overcome',
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ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื ื™ืฆื—ืช ืื•ืชื. ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืœื ืจืง ืžื›ื•ืช. ืขื 'ื”ืชื’ื‘ืจื•ืช',
02:26
there is a sense of real struggle โ€“
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ื™ืฉ ืชื—ื•ืฉื” ืฉืœ ืžืื‘ืง ืืžื™ืชื™ -
02:28
it wasn't easy to win.
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ื–ื” ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืงืœ ืœื ืฆื—.
02:30
Yeah, that's right. And we also use this in the passive,
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ื›ืŸ ื–ื” ื ื›ื•ืŸ. ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื–ื” ื’ื ื‘ืคืกื™ื‘ื™,
02:33
but it has a slightly different meaning, doesn't it?
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ืื‘ืœ ื™ืฉ ืœื–ื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืงืฆืช ืื—ืจืช, ืœื?
02:35
Yes. If you are overcome by emotion,
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ื›ืŸ. ืื ืืชื” ืžืชื’ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืจื’ืฉ,
02:39
it means you have a very strong reaction โ€“ you feel it very strongly.
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ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืš ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ืžืื•ื“ ื—ื–ืงื” - ืืชื” ืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ื–ื” ืžืื•ื“ ื—ื–ืง.
02:43
You might have a physical reaction.
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ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืš ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ืคื™ื–ื™ืช.
02:45
You might shake with fear or cry.
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ืืชื” ืขืœื•ืœ ืœืจืขื•ื“ ืžืคื—ื“ ืื• ืœื‘ื›ื•ืช.
02:48
Yeah. And it's not only used with negative emotions,
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ื›ึผึตืŸ. ื•ื–ื” ืœื ืžืฉืžืฉ ืจืง ืขื ืจื’ืฉื•ืช ืฉืœื™ืœื™ื™ื,
02:51
it's used with positive ones as well,
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ื–ื” ืžืฉืžืฉ ื’ื ืขื ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ื™ื,
02:53
like joy or excitement.
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ื›ืžื• ืฉืžื—ื” ืื• ื”ืชืจื’ืฉื•ืช.
02:55
OK, let's look at that again.
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ื‘ืกื“ืจ, ื‘ื•ื ื ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ื–ื” ืฉื•ื‘.
03:05
Let's take a look at our next headline.
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ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ื”ื›ื•ืชืจืช ื”ื‘ืื” ืฉืœื ื• .
03:08
This is from Business Live.
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ื–ื” ืž-Business Live.
03:09
It's far from being all doom
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ื–ื” ืจื—ื•ืง ืžืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ื›ืœ ืื‘ื“ื•ืŸ
03:13
and gloom on the economy.
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ื•ืขื’ืžื•ืžื™ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื”.
03:15
So, the headline is saying that, actually,
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ืื–, ื”ื›ื•ืชืจืช ืื•ืžืจืช ืฉืœืžืขืฉื”,
03:19
it's not as bad as you think. It's not all doom and gloom.
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ื–ื” ืœื ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื’ืจื•ืข ื›ืžื• ืฉืืชื” ื—ื•ืฉื‘. ื–ื” ืœื ื”ื›ืœ ืื‘ื“ื•ืŸ ื•ืงื“ืจื•ืช.
03:24
Now, 'doom and gloom' is the expression we're looking at.
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, 'ืื‘ื“ื•ืŸ ื•ืืคืœื”' ื”ื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ืฉืื ื• ืžืกืชื›ืœื™ื ืขืœื™ื•.
03:27
I like this expression โ€“
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ืื ื™ ืื•ื”ื‘ ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื”ื–ื” -
03:28
it's got two words and they both rhyme.
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ื™ืฉ ืœื• ืฉืชื™ ืžื™ืœื™ื ื•ืฉืชื™ื”ืŸ ืžืชื—ืจื–ื•ืช.
03:31
But, what do they mean?
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ืื‘ืœ, ืœืžื” ื”ื ืžืชื›ื•ื•ื ื™ื?
03:33
Well, it's a general bad feeling
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื–ื• ื‘ืืžืช ื”ืจื’ืฉื” ื›ืœืœื™ืช ืจืขื”
03:35
really. So, 'doom' actually means
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. ืื–, 'ืื‘ื“ื•ืŸ' ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื• ืœืžืขืฉื”
03:38
death and destruction. 'gloom' is to do with darkness โ€“
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ืžื•ื•ืช ื•ื”ืจืก. 'ืงื•ื“ืจ' ืงืฉื•ืจ ืœื—ื•ืฉืš -
03:44
imagine a miserable, grey, rainy day
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ื“ืžื™ื™ื ื• ื™ื•ื ืขืœื•ื‘, ืืคื•ืจ ื•ื’ืฉื•ื
03:47
so it's really quite a negative thing. But in this headline it's saying
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ืื– ื–ื” ื‘ืืžืช ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืœื™ืœื™ ืœืžื“ื™. ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื›ื•ืชืจืช ื”ื–ืืช ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ
03:51
that the opposite is true. It's saying that
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ืฉื”ื”ืคืš ื”ื•ื ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ. ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ
03:53
it's not all 'doom and gloom'.
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ืฉื–ื” ืœื ื”ื›ืœ 'ืื‘ื“ื•ืŸ ื•ืขื’ื•ื'.
03:55
Yes. And we use the expression in this way
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ื›ืŸ. ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื‘ื“ืจืš ื–ื•
03:58
quite often to say that something, isn't as bad as you think. So,
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ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืœืžื“ื™ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืžืฉื”ื•, ื”ื•ื ืœื ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื’ืจื•ืข ื›ืžื• ืฉืืชื” ื—ื•ืฉื‘. ืื–,
04:04
for example โ€“ at the moment, Beth,
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ืœืžืฉืœ - ื›ืจื’ืข, ื‘ืช',
04:06
I'm actually not feeling very well.
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ืื ื™ ืžืžืฉ ืœื ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื” ื˜ื•ื‘.
04:09
It's freezing cold outside, my train was late again...
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ืงืจ ืžืงืคื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ืฅ, ื”ืจื›ื‘ืช ืฉืœื™ ืฉื•ื‘ ืื™ื—ืจื”...
04:14
But the sun is shining, so it's not all doom and gloom.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืฉืžืฉ ื–ื•ืจื—ืช, ืื– ื–ื” ืœื ื”ื›ืœ ืื‘ื“ื•ืŸ ื•ืงื“ืจื•ืช.
04:18
Now, a word about this expression โ€“
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืžื™ืœื” ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื”ื–ื” โ€“
04:20
we don't say 'I'm doom and gloom'.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ืื•ืžืจื™ื 'ืื ื™ ืื‘ื“ื•ืŸ ื•ืงื•ื“ืจ'.
04:22
We use it to comment on how bad
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืขื™ืจ ืขื“ ื›ืžื”
04:24
a situation is.
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ื”ืžืฆื‘ ื’ืจื•ืข.
04:26
That's right. So we can list
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ื–ื” ื ื›ื•ืŸ. ืื– ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจืฉื•ื
04:27
a number of things that are bad or wrong
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ืžืกืคืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืจืขื™ื ืื• ืœื ื ื›ื•ื ื™ื
04:30
and then comment on that by saying 'it's all doom and gloom' or 'it's a bit,
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ื•ืื– ืœื”ื’ื™ื‘ ืขืœ ื›ืš ื‘ืืžื™ืจื” ' ื”ื›ืœ ื—ื•ืจื‘ืŸ ื•ืขื’ืžื•ืžื™ื•ืช' ืื• 'ื–ื” ืงืฆืช,
04:34
it's a bit doom and gloom, isn't it?'
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ื–ื” ืงืฆืช ืื‘ื“ื•ืŸ ื•ื“ื›ื“ื•ืš, ืœื?'
04:36
Let's have a look at that again.
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ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ื–ื” ืฉื•ื‘. ื”ื’ื™ืข
04:44
Time for our next headline.
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ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืœื›ื•ืชืจืช ื”ื‘ืื” ืฉืœื ื•.
04:46
This is from the New Straits Times. Global recession imminent
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ื–ื” ืžื”ื ื™ื• ืกื˜ืจื™ื™ื˜ ื˜ื™ื™ืžืก. ืžื™ืชื•ืŸ ืขื•ืœืžื™ ืžืชืงืจื‘
04:52
after turbulent 2022.
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ืœืื—ืจ 2022 ื”ืกื•ืขืจืช.
04:54
OK, so a recession is 'imminent' โ€“
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ื‘ืกื“ืจ, ืื– ืžื™ืชื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื 'ื‘ืงืจื‘' -
04:58
it means it's just about to start. The word
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ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ืจืง ืขื•ืžื“ ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ. ืขื ื–ืืช, ื”ืžื™ืœื”
05:01
we're looking at, though, is 'turbulent'.
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ืฉืื ื• ืžืกืชื›ืœื™ื ืขืœื™ื” ื”ื™ื 'ืกื•ืขืจืช'.
05:03
Now, this word, Beth,
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื”ืžื™ืœื” ื”ื–ื•, ื‘ืช',
05:05
reminds me of a situation
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ืžื–ื›ื™ืจื” ืœื™ ืžืฆื‘
05:07
you can experience on a plane.
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ืฉืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื—ื•ื•ืช ื‘ืžื˜ื•ืก.
05:09
Yeah. You're probably thinking about 'turbulence' โ€“ that's a noun.
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ื›ึผึตืŸ. ืืชื” ื‘ื˜ื— ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืขืœ 'ืขืจื‘ื•ืœื•ืช' - ื–ื” ืฉื ืขืฆื.
05:13
So, if you're on a plane and the pilot says'
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ืื–, ืื ืืชื” ืขืœ ืžื˜ื•ืก ื•ื”ื˜ื™ื™ืก ืื•ืžืจ '
05:15
'put your seatbelt on', the plane is going to get a bit unsteady,
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'ืฉื™ื ืืช ื—ื’ื•ืจืช ื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ืฉืœืš', ื”ืžื˜ื•ืก ื”ื•ืœืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืงืฆืช ืœื ื™ืฆื™ื‘,
05:19
things might start falling down.
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ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื™ืคื•ืœ.
05:21
This is 'turbulence'. Yes, that is 'turbulence' โ€“
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ื–ื• 'ืขืจื‘ื•ืœื•ืช'. ื›ืŸ, ื–ื• 'ืขืจื‘ื•ืœื•ืช' -
05:24
I really don't like turbulence.
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ืื ื™ ืžืžืฉ ืœื ืื•ื”ื‘ ืžืขืจื‘ื•ืœื•ืช.
05:26
The word we're looking at though, is 'turbulent', which is the adjective.
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ื”ืžื™ืœื” ืฉืื ื• ืžืกืชื›ืœื™ื ืขืœื™ื” ื”ื™ื 'ืกื•ืขืจ', ืฉื”ื•ื ืฉื ื”ืชื•ืืจ.
05:30
Tell us more. So 'turbulent' describes
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ืกืคืจ ืœื ื• ืขื•ื“. ืื– 'ืกื•ืขืจ' ืžืชืืจ
05:32
something that isn't calm,
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ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื”ื•ื ืœื ืจื’ื•ืข,
05:34
it might be unstable.
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ื”ื•ื ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœื ื™ืฆื™ื‘.
05:36
Now, we often use this in relation to the state
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ื›ืขืช, ืื ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื–ื” ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœืžื“ื™ื ื”
05:39
or maybe the history of a country or a place.
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ืื• ืื•ืœื™ ืœื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืฉืœ ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืื• ืžืงื•ื.
05:42
So, if we are describing that country as 'turbulent',
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ืœื›ืŸ, ืื ืื ื• ืžืชืืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ื–ื• ื›'ืกื•ืขืจืช',
05:46
they might have experienced some conflict, maybe some violence.
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ื”ื ืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœื—ื•ื•ืช ืขื™ืžื•ืช ื›ืœืฉื”ื•, โ€‹โ€‹ืื•ืœื™ ืืœื™ืžื•ืช ื›ืœืฉื”ื™.
05:49
And so the headline describes 2022 as 'turbulent'.
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ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื›ื•ืชืจืช ืžืชืืจืช โ€‹โ€‹ืืช 2022 ื›'ืกื•ืขืจืช'.
05:53
Last year was very turbulent โ€“ we had the Russian invasion of Ukraine.
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ื”ืฉื ื” ืฉืขื‘ืจื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืžืื•ื“ ืกื•ืขืจืช - ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืœื ื• ื”ืคืœื™ืฉื” ื”ืจื•ืกื™ืช ืœืื•ืงืจืื™ื ื”.
05:59
We had various environmental disasters.
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ื”ื™ื• ืœื ื• ืืกื•ื ื•ืช ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื™ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื.
06:02
We had famine.
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ื”ื™ื” ืœื ื• ืจืขื‘.
06:03
We had lots of protests around the world.
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ื”ื™ื• ืœื ื• ื”ืจื‘ื” ื”ืคื’ื ื•ืช ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื.
06:06
Yeah, you're right. There were lots of issues
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ื›ืŸ ืืชื” ืฆื•ื“ืง. ื”ื™ื• ื”ืจื‘ื” ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช
06:07
that made it an unstable or a turbulent year.
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ืฉื”ืคื›ื• ืื•ืชื” ืœืฉื ื” ืœื ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื” ืื• ืกื•ืขืจืช.
06:12
Let's look at that again.
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ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ื–ื” ืฉื•ื‘.
06:19
We've had 'overcoming' โ€“ dealing
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืœื ื• 'ื”ืชื’ื‘ืจื•ืช' - ื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ื•ืช
06:22
with a difficult problem. 'doom and gloom' โ€“
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ืขื ื‘ืขื™ื” ืงืฉื”. 'ืื‘ื“ื•ืŸ ื•ื“ื›ื“ื•ืš' -
06:25
we use this to describe a generally bad situation.
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ืื ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื–ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœืชืืจ ืžืฆื‘ ื’ืจื•ืข ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ.
06:27
And 'turbulent' โ€“ not calm; unstable.
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ื•'ืกื•ืขืจ' โ€“ ืœื ืจื’ื•ืข; ืœึนื ื™ึทืฆึดื™ื‘.
06:31
Don't forget, there's a quiz on our website
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ืืœ ืชืฉื›ื—, ื™ืฉ ื—ื™ื“ื•ืŸ ื‘ืืชืจ ืฉืœื ื•
06:33
at BBCLearningEnglish.com.
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ื‘-BBCLearningEnglish.com.
06:35
Thank you for joining us
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืฉื”ืฆื˜ืจืคืช ืืœื™ื ื•
06:37
and goodbye. Bye.
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ื•ืœื”ืชืจืื•ืช. ื‘ื™ื™.
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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