Global economy slows down: BBC News Review

133,126 views ใƒป 2023-01-18

BBC Learning English


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:00
Is the global economy slowing down? The World Bank
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ไธ–็•Œ็ตŒๆธˆใฏ ๆธ›้€Ÿใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ไธ–็•Œ้Š€่กŒ
00:04
thinks we're heading for recession.
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ใฏใ€็งใŸใกใŒๆ™ฏๆฐ—ๅพŒ้€€ใซๅ‘ใ‹ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจ่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:06
This is News Review from BBC Learning English.
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BBC ใƒฉใƒผใƒ‹ใƒณใ‚ฐใ‚คใƒณใ‚ฐใƒชใƒƒใ‚ทใƒฅใฎใƒ‹ใƒฅใƒผใ‚นใƒฌใƒ“ใƒฅใƒผใงใ™ใ€‚
00:10
I'm Neil. And I'm Beth.
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็งใฏใƒ‹ใƒผใƒซใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆ็งใฏใƒ™ใ‚นใงใ™ใ€‚
00:11
Make sure you watch to the end to learn vocabulary to talk about this story.
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ๆœ€ๅพŒใพใง่ฆ‹ใฆใ€ ใ“ใฎ็‰ฉ่ชžใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใŸใ‚ใฎ่ชžๅฝ™ใ‚’ๅญฆใณใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
00:15
And don't forget to subscribe to our channel, like this video
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ใใ—ใฆ ใ€ใ“ใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ็งใŸใกใฎใƒใƒฃใƒณใƒใƒซใ‚’่ณผ่ชญใ—ใ€
00:19
and try the quiz on our website.
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็งใŸใกใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใซๆŒ‘ๆˆฆใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„.
00:21
Now, the story.
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ใ•ใฆใ€็‰ฉ่ชžใ€‚
00:24
As prices continue to rise,
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็‰ฉไพกใŒไธŠๆ˜‡ใ—็ถšใ‘ใ‚‹ไธญ
00:27
the global economy is getting closer to a recession.
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ใ€ไธ–็•Œ็ตŒๆธˆใฏ ๆ™ฏๆฐ—ๅพŒ้€€ใซ่ฟ‘ใฅใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:31
That's according to a prediction by the World Bank.
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ใ“ใ‚Œ ใฏใ€ไธ–็•Œ้Š€่กŒใฎไบˆๆธฌใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
00:35
This year, the economy is expected to rise by the smallest percentage
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ไปŠๅนดใฎ็ตŒๆธˆๆˆ้•ท ็Ž‡
00:39
since 1991. Reasons for slow growth
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ใฏ 1991 ๅนดไปฅๆฅๆœ€ๅฐใจใชใ‚‹่ฆ‹่พผใฟ ใงใ™ใ€‚ไฝŽๆˆ้•ทใฎ็†็”ฑใซ
00:44
include Russia's invasion of Ukraine and the impact of the pandemic.
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ใฏใ€ใƒญใ‚ทใ‚ขใฎใ‚ฆใ‚ฏใƒฉใ‚คใƒŠไพตๆ”ป ใจใƒ‘ใƒณใƒ‡ใƒŸใƒƒใ‚ฏใฎๅฝฑ้ŸฟใŒๅซใพใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
00:50
You've been looking at the headlines,
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ่ฆ‹ๅ‡บใ—ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ ใพใ—ใŸใ€
00:51
Beth, what's the vocabulary?
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ใƒ™ใ‚นใ€่ชžๅฝ™ใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹?
00:53
We have 'overcoming', 'doom and gloom' and 'turbulent'.
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ใ€Œๅ…‹ๆœใ€ใ€ใ€Œ้‹ๅ‘ฝใจๆš—ใŒใ‚Šใ€ ใ€ใ€Œๆฟ€ๅ‹•ใ€ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
01:00
This is News Review from BBC Learning English.
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BBC ใƒฉใƒผใƒ‹ใƒณใ‚ฐใ‚คใƒณใ‚ฐใƒชใƒƒใ‚ทใƒฅใฎใƒ‹ใƒฅใƒผใ‚นใƒฌใƒ“ใƒฅใƒผใงใ™ใ€‚
01:09
Let's take a look at our first headline.
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ๆœ€ๅˆใฎ่ฆ‹ๅ‡บใ—ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
01:11
This is from the Daily Star in Bangladesh.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใƒใƒณใ‚ฐใƒฉใƒ‡ใ‚ทใƒฅใฎใƒ‡ใ‚คใƒชใƒผใ‚นใ‚ฟใƒผใ‹ใ‚‰ใฎใ‚‚ใฎ ใงใ™ใ€‚ 2023 ๅนดใซ
01:14
Overcoming looming economic challenges
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่ฟซใ‚Šๆฅใ‚‹ ็ตŒๆธˆ็š„่ชฒ้กŒ
01:19
in 2023.
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ใ‚’ๅ…‹ๆœใ—
01:21
OK. Let's start with a definition of 'recession',
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œไธๆณใ€ใฎๅฎš็พฉใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ใใ‚Œ
01:24
because that's what this story is about. 'A recession' is a period
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ใŒใ“ใฎ่ฉฑใฎๅ†…ๅฎนใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ ใ€‚ ใ€Œๆ™ฏๆฐ—ๅพŒ้€€ใ€ใจใฏใ€็ตŒๆธˆใŒ็ธฎๅฐใ™ใ‚‹
01:29
of two or more quarters โ€“
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2 ๅ››ๅŠๆœŸใพใŸใฏใใ‚ŒไปฅไธŠใฎๆœŸ้–“ (
01:31
that's three-month periods โ€“ when the economy shrinks.
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ใคใพใ‚Š 3 ใ‹ๆœˆใฎๆœŸ้–“) ใฎใ“ใจ ใงใ™ใ€‚
01:36
Now, in this headline, it's saying that hard economic times are coming.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใฎ่ฆ‹ๅ‡บใ—ใงใฏใ€ ็ตŒๆธˆ็š„ใซๅ›ฐ้›ฃใชๆ™‚ๆœŸใŒๆฅใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:42
But the word
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01:42
we're looking at is 'overcoming' and it's made up of two parts, 'over' and 'coming'.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€
็งใŸใกใŒ่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใ‚‹่จ€่‘‰ใฏใ€Œๅ…‹ๆœใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ใงใ‚ใ‚Š ใ€ใ€Œไน—ใ‚Š่ถŠใˆใ‚‹ใ€ใจใ€Œๆฅใ‚‹ใ€ใจใ„ใ†2ใคใฎ้ƒจๅˆ†ใงๆง‹ๆˆใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™.
01:48
I know both of those parts,
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็งใฏใใฎไธกๆ–นใฎ้ƒจๅˆ†ใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™
01:50
but when we put them together,
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ใŒใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’็ต„ใฟๅˆใ‚ใ›ใ‚‹ใจใ€
01:51
what's the sense?
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ใฉใ†ใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹?
01:52
Well, 'overcome' means you successfully deal with a problem, and a problem
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ใ€Œๅ…‹ๆœใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ ใจใฏใ€ๅ•้กŒใซใ†ใพใๅฏพๅ‡ฆใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ€ใŠใ‚ˆใณ
01:57
that is quite difficult to cope with. So, in this case, 'economic challenges'.
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ๅฏพๅ‡ฆใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใŒ้žๅธธใซๅ›ฐ้›ฃใชๅ•้กŒใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€Œ็ตŒๆธˆ็š„่ชฒ้กŒใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
02:01
OK. So, 'overcoming' is similar to 'defeat' or 'control'.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ€Œๅ…‹ๆœใ€ใฏ ใ€Œๆ•—ๅŒ—ใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œๅˆถๅพกใ€ใซไผผใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:07
Yeah, that's right. So, if you are very shy,
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ใฏใ„ใ€ใใฎใจใŠใ‚Šใ€‚ ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใจใฆใ‚‚ๅ†…ๆฐ—ใชไบบใชใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅ†…ๆฐ—ใ•ใ‚’
02:09
you might overcome your shyness โ€“ you gain control of it
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ๅ…‹ๆœใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ โ€“ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅ†…ๆฐ—ใ• ใ‚’ใ‚ณใƒณใƒˆใƒญใƒผใƒซใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†
02:14
and become more confident.
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ใซใชใ‚Šใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Š่‡ชไฟกใ‚’ๆŒใคใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™.
02:15
Yeah, or you might be playing sport,
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ใˆใˆใ€ใพใŸใฏใ‚นใƒใƒผใƒ„ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
02:18
let's say football,
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ‚ตใƒƒใ‚ซใƒผใงใ™ใ€‚
02:19
and if you 'overcome' the opposition,
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ๅๅฏพๆดพใ‚’ใ€Œๅ…‹ๆœใ€ใ—ใŸๅ ดๅˆใ€
02:22
it means you beat them. But it's not just beating. With 'overcome',
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ใใ‚Œใฏๅๅฏพๆดพใ‚’ๆ‰“ใก่ฒ ใ‹ใ—ใŸใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ— ใ€ใŸใ ๆฎดใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ€Œๅ…‹ๆœใ€
02:26
there is a sense of real struggle โ€“
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ใซใฏใ€ๆœฌๅฝ“ใฎ้—˜ไบ‰ใฎๆ„Ÿ่ฆšใŒใ‚ใ‚Š
02:28
it wasn't easy to win.
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ‹ใคใฎใฏ็ฐกๅ˜ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
02:30
Yeah, that's right. And we also use this in the passive,
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ใฏใ„ใ€ใใฎใจใŠใ‚Šใ€‚ ๅ—ๅ‹•ๆ…‹ใงใ‚‚ไฝฟใ„ใพใ™
02:33
but it has a slightly different meaning, doesn't it?
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ใŒใ€ๅฐ‘ใ— ๆ„ๅ‘ณใŒ้•ใ„ใพใ™ใญใ€‚
02:35
Yes. If you are overcome by emotion,
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ใฏใ„ใ€‚ ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๆ„Ÿๆƒ…ใซๆ”ฏ้…ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใชใ‚‰ใ€
02:39
it means you have a very strong reaction โ€“ you feel it very strongly.
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒ้žๅธธใซๅผทใ„ๅๅฟœใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ โ€“ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’้žๅธธใซๅผทใๆ„Ÿใ˜ใพใ™.
02:43
You might have a physical reaction.
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่บซไฝ“็š„ใชๅๅฟœใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
02:45
You might shake with fear or cry.
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ๆๆ€–ใง้œ‡ใˆใŸใ‚Šใ€ๆณฃใ„ใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
02:48
Yeah. And it's not only used with negative emotions,
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ใ†ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใƒใ‚ฌใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใชๆ„Ÿๆƒ…
02:51
it's used with positive ones as well,
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ใ ใ‘ใงใชใใ€ๅ–œใณใ‚„่ˆˆๅฅฎใชใฉใฎใƒใ‚ธใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใชๆ„Ÿๆƒ…ใซใ‚‚ไฝฟใ‚ใ‚Œใพใ™
02:53
like joy or excitement.
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ใ€‚
02:55
OK, let's look at that again.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๅบฆ่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
03:05
Let's take a look at our next headline.
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ๆฌกใฎ่ฆ‹ๅ‡บใ—ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚
03:08
This is from Business Live.
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ใƒ“ใ‚ธใƒใ‚นใƒฉใ‚คใƒ–ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
03:09
It's far from being all doom
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ€็ตŒๆธˆใฎใ™ในใฆใŒ็ ดๆป…็š„ใงๆš—ใ„ใจใ„ใ†ใ‚ใ‘ใงใฏ
03:13
and gloom on the economy.
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ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
03:15
So, the headline is saying that, actually,
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ ่ฆ‹ๅ‡บใ—ใฏใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏใ€
03:19
it's not as bad as you think. It's not all doom and gloom.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๆ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใปใฉๆ‚ชใใฏใชใ„ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™. ใใ‚Œ ใฏใ™ในใฆใฎ้‹ๅ‘ฝใจๆš—ใŒใ‚Šใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
03:24
Now, 'doom and gloom' is the expression we're looking at.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ€Œ้‹ๅ‘ฝใจๆš—ใŒใ‚Šใ€ใฏใ€ ็งใŸใกใŒ่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใ‚‹่กจ็พใงใ™ใ€‚
03:27
I like this expression โ€“
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็งใฏใ“ใฎ่กจ็พใŒๅฅฝใใงใ™
03:28
it's got two words and they both rhyme.
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ใ€‚2 ใคใฎๅ˜่ชžใŒ ใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‚‚้Ÿปใ‚’่ธใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:31
But, what do they mean?
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใฉใ†ใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
03:33
Well, it's a general bad feeling
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ใพใ‚ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชๆ‚ชใ„ๆ„Ÿใ˜
03:35
really. So, 'doom' actually means
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ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ€Œ็ ดๆป…ใ€ใฏๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏ
03:38
death and destruction. 'gloom' is to do with darkness โ€“
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ๆญปใจ็ ดๅฃŠใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œๆ†‚้ฌฑใ€ ใฏๆš—้—‡ใจ้–ขไฟ‚ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ โ€“
03:44
imagine a miserable, grey, rainy day
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ๆƒจใ‚ใง ็ฐ่‰ฒใฎ้›จใฎๆ—ฅใ‚’ๆƒณๅƒ
03:47
so it's really quite a negative thing. But in this headline it's saying
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ใ—ใฆใฟใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ“ใฎ่ฆ‹ๅ‡บใ—ใง
03:51
that the opposite is true. It's saying that
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ใฏใ€ใใฎ้€†ใŒ็œŸๅฎŸใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œ
03:53
it's not all 'doom and gloom'.
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ใฏใ€ใ™ในใฆใŒใ€Œๆ‚ฒ่ฆณ็š„ใ€ใงใฏใชใ„ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
03:55
Yes. And we use the expression in this way
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ใฏใ„ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎ่กจ็พใฏใ€ใ‚ใชใŸ
03:58
quite often to say that something, isn't as bad as you think. So,
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ใŒๆ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใปใฉๆ‚ชใใชใ„ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ‚ˆใไฝฟใ‚ใ‚Œ ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:04
for example โ€“ at the moment, Beth,
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ไปŠใฎใจใ“ใ‚ใ€ใƒ™ใ‚นใ€
04:06
I'm actually not feeling very well.
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็งใฏใ‚ใพใ‚Š ๆฐ—ๅˆ†ใŒ่‰ฏใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
04:09
It's freezing cold outside, my train was late again...
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ๅค–ใฏๅ‡ใˆใ‚‹ใปใฉใฎๅฏ’ใ• ใงใ€ใพใŸ้›ป่ปŠใŒ้…ใ‚Œใฆใ—ใพใ„ใพใ—ใŸโ€ฆ
04:14
But the sun is shining, so it's not all doom and gloom.
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ใงใ‚‚ๅคช้™ฝใŒ่ผใ„ใฆ ใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ๆš—ใ„ใ ใ‘ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
04:18
Now, a word about this expression โ€“
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใฎ่กจ็พใซใคใ„ใฆไธ€่จ€
04:20
we don't say 'I'm doom and gloom'.
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ใ€‚็งใŸใกใฏใ€Œ็งใฏ็ตถๆœ›็š„ใ ใ€ใจใฏ่จ€ใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ็ŠถๆณใŒ
04:22
We use it to comment on how bad
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ใฉใ‚Œใปใฉๆ‚ชใ„ใ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซไฝฟ็”จใ—
04:24
a situation is.
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ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:26
That's right. So we can list
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ใใ‚Œใฏๆญฃใ—ใ„ใ€‚ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰
04:27
a number of things that are bad or wrong
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ใ€ ๆ‚ชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚„้–“้•ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ใ„ใใคใ‹ๆŒ™ใ’ใฆ
04:30
and then comment on that by saying 'it's all doom and gloom' or 'it's a bit,
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ใ€ใใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆใ€Œใใ‚Œใฏ ใ™ในใฆ็ตถๆœ›็š„ใงใ™ใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œใใ‚Œใฏๅฐ‘ใ—ใ€
04:34
it's a bit doom and gloom, isn't it?'
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ใใ‚Œใฏๅฐ‘ใ—้‹ๅ‘ฝ็š„ใงๆš—ใ„ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ?ใ€ใจใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
04:36
Let's have a look at that again.
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ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๅบฆ่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
04:44
Time for our next headline.
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ๆฌกใฎ่ฆ‹ๅ‡บใ—ใฎๆ™‚้–“ใงใ™ใ€‚
04:46
This is from the New Straits Times. Global recession imminent
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใƒ‹ใƒฅใƒผใƒปใ‚นใƒˆใƒฌใƒผใƒ„ใƒปใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒ ใ‚บใ‹ใ‚‰ใฎใ‚‚ใฎ ใงใ™ใ€‚
04:52
after turbulent 2022.
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ๆฟ€ๅ‹•ใฎ 2022 ๅนดไปฅ้™
04:54
OK, so a recession is 'imminent' โ€“
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ใ€ไธ–็•Œ็š„ใชๆ™ฏๆฐ—ๅพŒ้€€ ใŒๅทฎใ—่ฟซใฃ
04:58
it means it's just about to start. The word
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ใฆใ„ ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€
05:01
we're looking at, though, is 'turbulent'.
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็งใŸใกใŒ่ฆ‹ใฆ ใ„ใ‚‹่จ€่‘‰ใฏใ€Œๆฟ€ๅ‹•ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
05:03
Now, this word, Beth,
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใฎใƒ™ใ‚นใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใฏ
05:05
reminds me of a situation
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05:07
you can experience on a plane.
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ใ€้ฃ›่กŒๆฉŸใง็ตŒ้จ“ใงใใ‚‹็Šถๆณใ‚’ๆ€ใ„ๅ‡บใ•ใ›ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:09
Yeah. You're probably thinking about 'turbulence' โ€“ that's a noun.
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ใ†ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใŠใใ‚‰ใ ใ€Œไนฑๆฐ—ๆตใ€ใซใคใ„ใฆ่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ† - ใใ‚Œใฏๅ่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚
05:13
So, if you're on a plane and the pilot says'
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€้ฃ›่กŒๆฉŸใซไน—ใฃใฆใ„ ใฆใ€ใƒ‘ใ‚คใƒญใƒƒใƒˆใŒใ€Œ
05:15
'put your seatbelt on', the plane is going to get a bit unsteady,
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ใ‚ทใƒผใƒˆใƒ™ใƒซใƒˆใ‚’็ท ใ‚ใฆใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸๅ ดๅˆใ€้ฃ›่กŒๆฉŸ ใฏๅฐ‘ใ—ไธๅฎ‰ๅฎšใซใชใ‚Šใ€
05:19
things might start falling down.
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็‰ฉใŒๅ€’ใ‚Œๅง‹ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
05:21
This is 'turbulence'. Yes, that is 'turbulence' โ€“
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ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒใ€Œไนฑๆฐ—ๆตใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใฏใ„ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใ€Œไนฑๆฐ—ๆตใ€
05:24
I really don't like turbulence.
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ใงใ™ใ€‚็งใฏไนฑๆฐ—ๆตใŒๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๅฅฝใใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
05:26
The word we're looking at though, is 'turbulent', which is the adjective.
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็งใŸใกใŒ่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใ‚‹่จ€่‘‰ ใฏใ€ๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€Œไนฑๆตใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
05:30
Tell us more. So 'turbulent' describes
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็งใŸใกใซใ‚‚ใฃใจๆ•™ใˆใฆใใ‚Œใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ€Œไนฑๆตใ€
05:32
something that isn't calm,
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ใฏ่ฝใก็€ใ„ใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’่กจใ—ใฆใŠใ‚Šใ€
05:34
it might be unstable.
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ไธๅฎ‰ๅฎšใงใ‚ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
05:36
Now, we often use this in relation to the state
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็พๅœจใ€็งใŸใกใฏใ“ใ‚Œ ใ‚’ๅ›ฝๅฎถ
05:39
or maybe the history of a country or a place.
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ใ‚„ๅ›ฝใ‚„ๅ ดๆ‰€ใฎๆญดๅฒใซ้–ข้€ฃใ—ใฆใ‚ˆใไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ .
05:42
So, if we are describing that country as 'turbulent',
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใใฎ ๅ›ฝใ‚’ใ€Œๆฟ€ๅ‹•ใ€ใจ่กจ็พใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€
05:46
they might have experienced some conflict, maybe some violence.
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏไฝ•ใ‚‰ใ‹ใฎ็ด›ไบ‰ใ€ใŠใใ‚‰ใไฝ•ใ‚‰ใ‹ใฎๆšดๅŠ›ใ‚’็ตŒ้จ“ใ—ใŸๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚
05:49
And so the headline describes 2022 as 'turbulent'.
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ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€่ฆ‹ๅ‡บใ—ใฏ 2022 ๅนดใ‚’ใ€Œๆฟ€ๅ‹•ใ€ใจ่กจ็พใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:53
Last year was very turbulent โ€“ we had the Russian invasion of Ukraine.
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ๆ˜จๅนดใฏ้žๅธธใซๆฟ€ๅ‹•ใฎๅนดใงใ— ใŸใ€‚ใƒญใ‚ทใ‚ขใฎใ‚ฆใ‚ฏใƒฉใ‚คใƒŠไพตๆ”ปใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
05:59
We had various environmental disasters.
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ใ•ใพใ–ใพใช ็’ฐๅขƒ็ฝๅฎณใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
06:02
We had famine.
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้ฃข้ฅ‰ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
06:03
We had lots of protests around the world.
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ไธ–็•ŒไธญใงๅคšใใฎๆŠ—่ญฐใŒใ‚ใ‚Š ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
06:06
Yeah, you're right. There were lots of issues
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ใˆใˆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๆญฃใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
06:07
that made it an unstable or a turbulent year.
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ไธๅฎ‰ๅฎšใชใ€ใพใŸใฏ ๆฟ€ๅ‹•ใฎๅนดใซใชใ‚‹ๅคšใใฎๅ•้กŒใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
06:12
Let's look at that again.
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ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๅบฆ่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
06:19
We've had 'overcoming' โ€“ dealing
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ๅ›ฐ้›ฃใชๅ•้กŒใซๅฏพๅ‡ฆใ™ใ‚‹ใ€Œๅ…‹ๆœใ€ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸ
06:22
with a difficult problem. 'doom and gloom' โ€“
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ใ€‚ 'doom and dloom' โ€“
06:25
we use this to describe a generally bad situation.
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ใ“ใ‚Œ ใฏไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใซๆ‚ชใ„็Šถๆณใ‚’่กจใ™ใฎใซไฝฟใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:27
And 'turbulent' โ€“ not calm; unstable.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€Œๆฟ€ๅ‹•ใ€ โ€“ ็ฉใ‚„ใ‹ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ไธๅฎ‰ๅฎšใ€‚ BBCLearningEnglish.com ใฎ Web ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บ
06:31
Don't forget, there's a quiz on our website
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ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„
06:33
at BBCLearningEnglish.com.
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ใ€‚
06:35
Thank you for joining us
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ใ”ๅ‚ๅŠ ใ„ใŸใ ใใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ™
06:37
and goodbye. Bye.
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ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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