Ukraine: A turning point?: BBC News Review

139,595 views ใƒป 2022-09-14

BBC Learning English


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ. ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืžืชื•ืจื’ืžื•ืช ืžืชื•ืจื’ืžื•ืช ื‘ืžื›ื•ื ื”.

00:00
Ukraine retakes 6,000 square kilometers
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ืื•ืงืจืื™ื ื” ื›ื•ื‘ืฉืช ืžื—ื“ืฉ 6,000 ืงืž"ืจ
00:03
of land from Russian forces, says President Zelensky.
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ืฉืœ ืื“ืžื” ืžื”ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ืจื•ืกื™ื™ื, ืื•ืžืจ ื”ื ืฉื™ื ื–ืœื ืกืงื™.
00:07
This is News Review, from BBC Learning English.
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ื–ื•ื”ื™ News Review, ืžื‘ื™ืช BBC Learning English.
00:10
I'm Neil. And I'm Sian.
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ืื ื™ ื ื™ืœ. ื•ืื ื™ ืกื™ืืŸ.
00:12
Make sure you watch to the end to learn vocabulary about today's story.
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ื”ืงืคื“ ืœืฆืคื•ืช ืขื“ ื”ืกื•ืฃ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืื•ืฆืจ ืžื™ืœื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื•ื.
00:17
And don't forget to subscribe to our channel, like this video
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ื•ืืœ ืชืฉื›ื—ื• ืœื”ื™ืจืฉื ืœืขืจื•ืฅ ืฉืœื ื•, ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืœื™ื™ืง ืœืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื”
00:21
and try the quiz on our website.
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ื•ืœื ืกื•ืช ืืช ื”ื—ื™ื“ื•ืŸ ื‘ืืชืจ ืฉืœื ื•.
00:23
Now, the story.
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ.
00:25
6,000 square kilometres. That's how much land
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6,000 ืงืž"ืจ. ื–ื” ื›ืžื” ืื“ืžื”
00:30
the Ukrainian president says his soldiers have retaken
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ืืžืจ ื ืฉื™ื ืื•ืงืจืื™ื ื” ืฉื—ื™ื™ืœื™ื• ื›ื‘ืฉื• ืžื—ื“ืฉ
00:34
from Russian forces.
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ืžื”ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ืจื•ืกื™ื™ื. ืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืืฉืจ ืืช
00:36
Volodymyr Zelensky's figures can't be confirmed,
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ื ืชื•ื ื™ื• ืฉืœ ื•ื•ืœื•ื“ื™ืžื™ืจ ื–ืœื ืกืงื™ ,
00:40
but Russia has admitted to losing key cities
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ืืš ืจื•ืกื™ื” ื”ื•ื“ืชื” ื›ื™ ืื™ื‘ื“ื” ืขืจื™ ืžืคืชื—
00:43
in the north-eastern region of the country.
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ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ืฆืคื•ืŸ-ืžื–ืจื—ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”.
00:47
Russia invaded Ukraine in February
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ืจื•ืกื™ื” ืคืœืฉื” ืœืื•ืงืจืื™ื ื” ื‘ืคื‘ืจื•ืืจ
00:50
this year and still holds about a fifth of the country.
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ื”ืฉื ื” ื•ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื—ื–ื™ืงื” ื‘ื›ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ืช ืžื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”.
00:55
You've been looking at the headlines, Sian.
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ื”ืกืชื›ืœืช ืขืœ ื”ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช, ืกื™ืืŸ.
00:57
What's the vocabulary?
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ืžื” ืื•ืฆืจ ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื?
00:59
OK, we have a 'turning point', 'on the back foot' and 'cement'.
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ื‘ืกื“ืจ, ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• 'ื ืงื•ื“ืช ืžืคื ื”', 'ื‘ืจื’ืœ ื”ืื—ื•ืจื™ืช' ื•'ืžืœื˜'.
01:05
This is News Review from BBC Learning English.
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ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืกืงื™ืจืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืฉืœ BBC Learning English.
01:14
Let's have a look at our first headline. OK. This one is from The Financial Times.
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ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ื”ื›ื•ืชืจืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉืœื ื•. ื‘ืกื“ืจ. ื–ื” ืžื”"ืคื™ื™ื ื ืฉืœ ื˜ื™ื™ืžืก".
01:24
According to The Financial Times,
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ืœืคื™ ื”"ืคื™ื™ื ื ืฉืœ ื˜ื™ื™ืžืก",
01:26
the war in Ukraine has reached a 'turning point'.
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ื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ื‘ืื•ืงืจืื™ื ื” ื”ื’ื™ืขื” ืœ'ื ืงื•ื“ืช ืžืคื ื”'.
01:30
And that's the expression we are going to look at - 'turning point'.
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ื•ื–ื” ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœื”ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœื™ื• - 'ื ืงื•ื“ืช ืžืคื ื”'.
01:33
Now, the word 'turning' is connected to changes in direction.
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ื›ืขืช, ื”ืžื™ืœื” 'ืกื™ื‘ื•ื‘' ืงืฉื•ืจื” ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ.
01:38
Is that sense the same here?
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ื”ืื ื–ื” ืื•ืชื• ื”ืชื—ื•ืฉื” ื›ืืŸ?
01:41
It is, so, as is often the case in this programme,
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ื–ื” ื›ืš, ื›ืคื™ ืฉืงื•ืจื” ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ื–ื•,
01:45
we're talking about metaphorical language.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ืฉืคื” ืžื˜ืคื•ืจื™ืช.
01:48
So, literally a turning point is the point in a road where you can stop
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ืื–, ืžืžืฉ ื ืงื•ื“ืช ืžืคื ื” ื”ื™ื ื”ื ืงื•ื“ื” ื‘ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ ืฉื‘ื” ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขืฆื•ืจ
01:53
and go in a different direction.
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ื•ืœืœื›ืช ืœื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืื—ืจ.
01:56
So, in this headline, and in common use,
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ืื–, ื‘ื›ื•ืชืจืช ื”ื–ื•, ื•ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื ืคื•ืฅ,
01:59
we use it non-literally to talk about situations that are starting to change.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื” ืœื ืžื™ืœื•ืœื™ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืžืฆื‘ื™ื ืฉืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชื ื•ืช.
02:06
And the situation that has started to change,
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ื•ื”ืžืฆื‘ ืฉื”ื—ืœ ืœื”ืฉืชื ื•ืช,
02:09
according to this headline writer,
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ืœืคื™ ื›ื•ืชื‘ ื”ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ื”ื–ื”,
02:11
is that Ukrainian forces are taking land from Russian forces.
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ื”ื•ื ืฉื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ืื•ืงืจืื™ื ื™ื ืœื•ืงื—ื™ื ืื“ืžื•ืช ืžื”ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ืจื•ืกื™ื™ื.
02:16
And that's land that Russian forces took when they invaded
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ื•ื–ื• ื”ืื“ืžื” ืฉื”ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ืจื•ืกื™ื ื›ื‘ืฉื• ื›ืฉืคืœืฉื•
02:19
Ukraine earlier in the year.
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ืœืื•ืงืจืื™ื ื” ืžื•ืงื“ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ืฉื ื”.
02:22
But this expression has a wider use.
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ืื‘ืœ ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื”ื–ื” ื™ืฉ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืจื—ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ.
02:23
It's not only about war, is it? That's right.
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ื–ื” ืœื ืงืฉื•ืจ ืจืง ืœืžืœื—ืžื”, ื ื›ื•ืŸ? ื–ื” ื ื›ื•ืŸ.
02:26
So, we use it to talk about moments in our life when things start to change
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ืื–, ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืจื’ืขื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉื‘ื”ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชื ื•ืช
02:32
in a really important way. We often use it with the verb 'reach'.
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ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื” ื‘ืืžืช. ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืื ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื• ืขื ื”ืคื•ืขืœ 'ืœื”ื’ื™ืข'.
02:36
So, you 'reach a turning point'.
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ืื– ืืชื” 'ืžื’ื™ืข ืœื ืงื•ื“ืช ืžืคื ื”'.
02:39
So, Neil. For example.
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ืื–, ื ื™ืœ. ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”.
02:40
You have children, right?
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ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื™ืœื“ื™ื, ื ื›ื•ืŸ?
02:42
I do. And that was a major turning point in my life.
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ืขื™ื“ื•. ื•ื–ื• ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื ืงื•ื“ืช ืžืคื ื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ื‘ื—ื™ื™.
02:46
Everything changed. The direction of my life changed when I had kids.
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ื”ื›ืœ ื”ืฉืชื ื”. ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื—ื™ื™ ื”ืฉืชื ื” ื›ืฉื”ื™ื• ืœื™ ื™ืœื“ื™ื.
02:50
And Neil used 'major' here, which is a common use.
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ื•ื ื™ืœ ื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื›ืืŸ ื‘'ืžื–'ื•ืจ', ืฉื”ื•ื ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื ืคื•ืฅ.
02:54
We often use 'major' with 'turning point'.
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ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืื ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘'ืขื™ืงืจ' ืขื 'ื ืงื•ื“ืช ืžืคื ื”'.
02:57
OK. Let's have a look at that again.
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ื‘ืกื“ืจ. ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ื–ื” ืฉื•ื‘.
03:06
Let's have a look at our next headline, please.
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ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ื”ื›ื•ืชืจืช ื”ื‘ืื” ืฉืœื ื• , ื‘ื‘ืงืฉื”.
03:08
This one is from Sky News.
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ื–ื” ืž-Sky News.
03:21
The headline is saying that Russia is 'on the back foot',
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ื”ื›ื•ืชืจืช ืื•ืžืจืช ืฉืจื•ืกื™ื” 'ืขืœ ื”ืจื’ืœ ื”ืื—ื•ืจื™ืช',
03:24
and that's an expression that means 'at a disadvantage'
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ื•ื–ื” ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ืฉืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื• 'ื‘ื ื—ื™ืชื•ืช'
03:28
or 'in a defensive position'.
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ืื• 'ื‘ืขืžื“ื” ื”ื’ื ืชื™ืช'.
03:30
And it comes from sport, doesn't it?
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ื•ื–ื” ื‘ื ืžืกืคื•ืจื˜, ืœื?
03:32
That's right.
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ื–ื” ื ื›ื•ืŸ.
03:33
So this expression is from sport, probably
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ืื– ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื”ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ืžื”ืกืคื•ืจื˜, ื›ื ืจืื”
03:36
or possibly cricket and if you're on the back foot,
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ืื• ืื•ืœื™ ืงืจื™ืงื˜, ื•ืื ืืชื” ืขืœ ื”ืจื’ืœ ื”ืื—ื•ืจื™ืช,
03:39
your position is not ready to attack, your balance is ready to defend
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ื”ืขืžื“ื” ืฉืœืš ืœื ืžื•ื›ื ื” ืœื”ืชืงืคื”, ื”ืื™ื–ื•ืŸ ืฉืœืš ืžื•ื›ืŸ ืœื”ื’ื ื”
03:45
and that is the same as the meaning here, isn't it?
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ื•ื–ื” ื–ื”ื” ืœืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื›ืืŸ, ืœื?
03:47
Yes. And so, by saying that Russia is 'on the back foot',
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ื›ืŸ. ื•ื›ืš, ื‘ืื•ืžืจื• ืฉืจื•ืกื™ื” 'ืขืœ ื”ืจื’ืœ ื”ืื—ื•ืจื™ืช',
03:51
the headline writer thinks that they are less stable than before.
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ื›ื•ืชื‘ ื”ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื”ื ืคื—ื•ืช ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื™ื ืžื‘ืขื‘ืจ.
03:56
Now, another version of that expression is 'caught on the back foot'.
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ื›ืขืช, ื’ืจืกื” ืื—ืจืช ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื”ื–ื” ื”ื™ื 'ื ืชืคืกืช ื‘ืจื’ืœ ื”ืื—ื•ืจื™ืช'.
04:01
That's right. And that means someone is not prepared for something.
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ื–ื” ื ื›ื•ืŸ. ื•ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืฉืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืœื ืžื•ื›ืŸ ืœืžืฉื”ื•.
04:04
Yeah, and there are some other related expressions
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ื›ืŸ, ื•ื™ืฉ ืขื•ื“ ื›ืžื” ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ื™ื ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื
04:09
with the word 'balance' this time.
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ืขื ื”ืžื™ืœื” 'ืื™ื–ื•ืŸ' ื”ืคืขื.
04:11
So, you can be 'caught off balance' or 'knocked off balance' and again
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ืื–, ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช "ืœื ื‘ืื™ื–ื•ืŸ" ืื• "ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืื•ืชืš ืžืื™ื–ื•ืŸ" ื•ืฉื•ื‘
04:15
it's connected to being prepared.
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ื–ื” ืงืฉื•ืจ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื›ืŸ.
04:19
Have you got some examples of these expressions?
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ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื›ืžื” ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ื™ื ื”ืืœื”?
04:21
Yes, I do, actually.
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ื›ืŸ, ืื ื™ ื›ืŸ, ื‘ืขืฆื.
04:22
So, when I was younger and not as reliable as I am now,
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ืื–, ื›ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืฆืขื™ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ืœื ืืžื™ืŸ ื›ืžื• ืฉืื ื™ ืขื›ืฉื™ื•,
04:27
I had a job interview and there was lots of traffic.
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ื”ื™ื” ืœื™ ืจืื™ื•ืŸ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื•ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ืชื ื•ืขื”.
04:30
So, I turned up late for the interview.
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ืื– ื”ื’ืขืชื™ ืžืื•ื—ืจ ืœืจืื™ื•ืŸ.
04:32
So, the interview started and I was already 'on the back foot'.
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ืื–, ื”ืจืื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ื•ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ 'ืขืœ ื”ืจื’ืœ ื”ืื—ื•ืจื™ืช'.
04:37
Sounds like you were 'caught off balance'.
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ื ืฉืžืข ืฉ'ื ืชืคืกืช ืžืื™ื–ื•ืŸ'.
04:40
I was and I didn't get the job.
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื•ืœื ืงื™ื‘ืœืชื™ ืืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”.
04:42
Oh, dear. Let's have a look at that again.
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ืื•ื™ ืœื. ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ื–ื” ืฉื•ื‘.
04:51
Let's have our next headline, please.
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ื‘ื•ืื• ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ื›ื•ืชืจืช ื”ื‘ืื” ืฉืœื ื•, ื‘ื‘ืงืฉื”.
04:53
OK. This is from Radio Free Europe / Radio Liberty.
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ื‘ืกื“ืจ. ื–ื” ืžืชื•ืš Radio Free Europe / Radio Liberty.
05:09
And so this headline means that President Zelensky is asking
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ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื›ื•ืชืจืช ื”ื–ื• ืื•ืžืจืช ืฉื”ื ืฉื™ื ื–ืœื ืกืงื™ ืžื‘ืงืฉ
05:13
for more sanctions, that's measures to hurt the Russian economy. Also arms,
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ืขื•ื“ ืกื ืงืฆื™ื•ืช, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืืžืฆืขื™ื ืœืคื’ื•ืข ื‘ื›ืœื›ืœื” ื”ืจื•ืกื™ืช. ื’ื ื ืฉืง,
05:19
that's weapons, to 'cement' the military gains that Ukraine has made recently.
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ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ื›ืœื™ ื ืฉืง, ื›ื“ื™ 'ืœื‘ืœื˜' ืืช ื”ื”ื™ืฉื’ื™ื ื”ืฆื‘ืื™ื™ื ืฉืื•ืงืจืื™ื ื” ื”ืฉื™ื’ื” ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื”.
05:26
We're looking at 'cement'.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืกืชื›ืœื™ื ืขืœ 'ืžืœื˜'.
05:28
Now, 'cement', I know what that is.
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, 'ืžืœื˜', ืื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข ืžื” ื–ื”.
05:31
Yeah, it's building material.
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ื›ืŸ, ื–ื” ื—ื•ืžืจ ื‘ื ื™ื™ื”.
05:33
So, it's the grey stuff that you use to stick bricks together
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ืื– ื–ื” ื”ื—ื•ืžืจ ื”ืืคื•ืจ ืฉื‘ื• ืืชื” ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื“ื‘ื™ืง ืœื‘ื ื™ื ื™ื—ื“
05:37
if you build a house.
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ืื ืืชื” ื‘ื•ื ื” ื‘ื™ืช.
05:38
So, it's quite strong stuff.
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ืื– ื–ื” ื—ื•ืžืจ ื“ื™ ื—ื–ืง.
05:41
Yeah. As you said, it's stuff.
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ื›ึผึตืŸ. ื›ืžื• ืฉืืžืจืช, ื–ื” ื—ื•ืžืจ.
05:44
But here, in this headline,
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ืืŸ, ื‘ื›ื•ืชืจืช ื”ื–ื•,
05:45
it's a verb - 'to cement'.
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ื–ื” ืคื•ืขืœ - 'ืœืžืœื˜'.
05:48
But it carries the same meaning - to make something stronger.
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ื ื•ืฉื ืืช ืื•ืชื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช - ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžืฉื”ื• ื—ื–ืง ื™ื•ืชืจ.
05:52
What kind of things can we 'cement'?
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ืื™ื–ื” ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื 'ืœืžืœื˜'?
05:54
OK. So, we talk about 'cementing' an agreement,
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ื‘ืกื“ืจ. ืื–, ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ 'ืœืžืœื˜' ื”ืกื›ื,
05:58
or you can 'cement' a relationship or a friendship,
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ืื• ืฉืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ 'ืœืžืœื˜' ืžืขืจื›ืช ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืื• ื™ื“ื™ื“ื•ืช,
06:01
but it does sound quite formal.
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ื ืฉืžืข ื“ื™ ืจืฉืžื™.
06:04
So, you can say the president's visit 'cemented' relations
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ืื– ืืคืฉืจ ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื‘ื™ืงื•ืจื• ืฉืœ ื”ื ืฉื™ื 'ื—ื™ื–ืง' ืืช ื”ื™ื—ืกื™ื
06:09
between the two countries, for example.
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ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืชื™ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช, ืœืžืฉืœ.
06:12
Yeah, but I probably wouldn't say "I went for a coffee with Rob and
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ื›ืŸ, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื˜ื— ืœื ืื’ื™ื“ "ื”ืœื›ืชื™ ืœืฉืชื•ืช ืงืคื” ืขื ืจื•ื‘
06:17
it 'cemented' our friendship."
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ื•ื–ื” 'ื—ื™ื–ืง' ืืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•."
06:19
No. No, that doesn't sound right.
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ืœื. ืœื, ื–ื” ืœื ื ืฉืžืข ื ื›ื•ืŸ.
06:21
That's too formal here.
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ื–ื” ืจืฉืžื™ ืžื“ื™ ื›ืืŸ.
06:23
You could just say "we got on well".
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ืืคืฉืจ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœื•ืžืจ "ื”ืกืชื“ืจื ื• ื˜ื•ื‘".
06:25
A quick note on pronunciation.
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ื”ืขืจื” ืžื”ื™ืจื” ืขืœ ื”ื”ื’ื™ื™ื”.
06:28
So, with the word 'cement', the verb and the noun, we stress the second syllable.
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ืื–, ืขื ื”ืžื™ืœื” 'ืžืœื˜', ื”ืคื•ืขืœ ื•ืฉื ื”ืขืฆื , ืื ื• ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉื™ื ืืช ื”ื”ื‘ืจื” ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื”.
06:33
So, it's 'cement'.
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ืื– ื–ื” 'ืžืœื˜'.
06:36
OK. Let's have a look at that one more time,
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ื‘ืกื“ืจ. ื‘ื•ื ื ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ื–ื” ืคืขื ื ื•ืกืคืช,
06:38
so you can 'cement' your knowledge of that word.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืชื•ื›ืœ 'ืœืžืฅ' ืืช ื”ื™ื“ืข ืฉืœืš ื‘ืžื™ืœื” ื”ื–ื•.
06:47
We've had 'turning point' -
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืœื ื• 'ื ืงื•ื“ืช ืžืคื ื”' -
06:49
things start changing from here. 'On the back foot' -
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ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชื ื•ืช ืžื›ืืŸ. 'ื‘ืจื’ืœ ื”ืื—ื•ืจื™ืช' -
06:53
at a disadvantage. And 'cement' - make stronger.
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ื‘ื—ืกืจื•ืŸ. ื•'ืžืœื˜' - ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื—ื–ืง ื™ื•ืชืจ.
06:58
Don't forget there's a quiz on our website at bbclearningenglish.com.
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ืืœ ืชืฉื›ื— ืฉื™ืฉ ื—ื™ื“ื•ืŸ ื‘ืืชืจ ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ื›ืชื•ื‘ืช bbclearningenglish.com.
07:03
Thank you for joining us, and goodbye. Goodbye.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืฉื”ืฆื˜ืจืคืช ืืœื™ื ื•, ื•ืœื”ืชืจืื•ืช. ื”ึฑื™ื” ืฉืœื•ื.
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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