Discoveries of the deep sea - 6 Minute English

70,828 views ใƒป 2022-04-21

BBC Learning English


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ. ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืžืชื•ืจื’ืžื•ืช ืžืชื•ืจื’ืžื•ืช ื‘ืžื›ื•ื ื”.

00:08
Hello. This is 6 Minute English
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ืฉืœื•ื. ื–ื•ื”ื™ 6 ื“ืงื•ืช ืื ื’ืœื™ืช
00:10
from BBC Learning English.
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ืžื‘ื™ืช BBC Learning English.
00:11
I'm Sam. And I'm Neil. The 20th of
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ืื ื™ ืกืื. ื•ืื ื™ ื ื™ืœ. ื”-20
00:14
July 1969 was a big day in
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ื‘ื™ื•ืœื™ 1969 ื”ื™ื” ื™ื•ื ื’ื“ื•ืœ
00:17
history. Do you know why, Sam? Wasn't that when Neil Armstrong
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ื‘ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื”. ืืชื” ื™ื•ื“ืข ืœืžื”, ืกื? ื”ืื ื–ื” ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื›ืืฉืจ ื ื™ืœ ืืจืžืกื˜ืจื•ื ื’
00:21
first set foot on the Moon? Right. But it's often forgotten
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ื“ืจื›ื” ืœืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืขืœ ื”ื™ืจื—? ื™ืžื™ืŸ. ืื‘ืœ ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื•ื›ื—ื™ื
00:24
that some of the most dramatic
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ืฉื›ืžื” ืžื”ืชืฆืœื•ืžื™ื ื”ื“ืจืžื˜ื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ
00:26
photographs taken on the
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ืฉืฆื•ืœืžื•
00:27
Apollo space mission weren't
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ื‘ืžืฉื™ืžืช ืืคื•ืœื• ื‘ื—ืœืœ ืœื ื”ื™ื•
00:29
of the Moon at all - they
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ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืจื— ื‘ื›ืœืœ - ื”ื
00:30
were of Earth. It wasn't
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ื”ื™ื• ืฉืœ ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ. ืจืง
00:32
until we went to the Moon
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ื›ืฉื”ืœื›ื ื• ืœื™ืจื—
00:34
that we really saw the
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ื‘ืืžืช ืจืื™ื ื• ืืช
00:35
size of Earth's oceans
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ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื”ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืกื™ื ืฉืœ ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ
00:36
and named ourselves,
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ื•ืงืจืื ื• ืœืขืฆืžื ื•,
00:38
the Blue Planet. Despite most of our planet
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ื”ื›ื•ื›ื‘ ื”ื›ื—ื•ืœ. ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉืจื•ื‘ ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ ืฉืœื ื•
00:41
being covered by water,
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ืžื›ื•ืกื” ื‘ืžื™ื,
00:42
the ocean remains of place
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ื”ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก โ€‹โ€‹ื ื•ืชืจ ืžืงื•ื
00:44
of unexplored mystery, of
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ืฉืœ ืžืกืชื•ืจื™ืŸ ืฉืœื ื ื—ืงืจ, ืฉืœ
00:46
sea monsters like
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ืžืคืœืฆื•ืช ื™ื ื›ืžื•
00:48
Moby Dick, and the Kraken.
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ืžื•ื‘ื™ ื“ื™ืง ื•ื”ืงืจืืงืŸ.
00:50
In this programme, we'll
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ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื–ื•,
00:51
be diving into the
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ื ืฆืœื•ืœ ืืœ ืชื•ืš
00:52
deep seas, seeing some
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ื”ื™ื ื”ืขืžื•ืง, ื ืจืื” ื›ืžื”
00:54
of its strange sights,
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ืžื”ืžืจืื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื–ืจื™ื ืฉืœื”,
00:55
and as usual, learning
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ื•ื›ืจื’ื™ืœ, ื ืœืžื“
00:57
some related vocabulary too. But before that I have a
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ื’ื ืื•ืฆืจ ืžื™ืœื™ื ืงืฉื•ืจ. ืื‘ืœ ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืœื™
01:00
question for you, Sam.
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ืฉืืœื” ืืœื™ืš, ืกื.
01:02
You were right when you
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ืฆื“ืงืช ื›ืฉืืžืจืช
01:03
said that most of the
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ืฉืจื•ื‘
01:04
Earth is covered
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ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ ืžื›ื•ืกื”
01:05
by water. But do you
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ื‘ืžื™ื. ืื‘ืœ ื”ืื ืืชื”
01:06
know exactly how much
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ื™ื•ื“ืข ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื›ืžื”
01:08
of the Earth's surface
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ืžืฉื˜ื— ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ
01:09
is ocean? Is it: a) 50 percent? ย 
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ื”ื•ื ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก? ื”ืื ื–ื”: ื) 50 ืื—ื•ื–?
01:12
b) 60 percent? or, c) 70 percent? ย 
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ื‘) 60 ืื—ื•ื–? ืื•, ื’) 70 ืื—ื•ื–?
01:16
Well, it is called
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื–ื” ื ืงืจื
01:17
the Blue Planet, so
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ื”ื›ื•ื›ื‘ ื”ื›ื—ื•ืœ, ืื–
01:18
I ll say c) 70 percent. OK. I'll reveal the answer
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ืื ื™ ืื’ื™ื“ ื’) 70 ืื—ื•ื–. ื‘ืกื“ืจ. ืืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืื’ืœื”
01:22
later in the programme.
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ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช.
01:24
The first thing to say
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ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื•ืžืจ
01:25
about the deep ocean is
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ืขืœ ื”ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก โ€‹โ€‹ื”ืขืžื•ืง ื”ื•ื
01:27
that the rules of life
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ืฉื›ืœืœื™ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื
01:28
down there are very
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ืฉื ืœืžื˜ื”
01:29
different from the rules
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ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืžืื•ื“ ืžื”ื›ืœืœื™ื
01:30
on land. Sunlight
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ื‘ื™ื‘ืฉื”. ืื•ืจ ื”ืฉืžืฉ
01:32
cannot reach the very
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ืื™ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข
01:33
bottom of the ocean,
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ืœืงืจืงืขื™ืช ื”ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก,
01:34
a place between two and
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ืžืงื•ื ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื ื™ื™ื ืœืฉืœื•ืฉื”
01:35
three kilometres down
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ืงื™ืœื•ืžื˜ืจื™ื ืœืžื˜ื”
01:36
known as the 'deep abyss',
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ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื” 'ื”ืชื”ื•ื ื”ืขืžื•ืงื”',
01:38
so it totally dark and
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ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื—ืฉื•ืš ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ื•ืงืจ
01:40
extremely cold. And the
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ืžืื•ื“.
01:41
weight of water creates
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ื•ืžืฉืงืœ ื”ืžื™ื ื™ื•ืฆืจ
01:43
massive amounts of pressure. This extreme environment is
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ื›ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ืื“ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ืœื—ืฅ. ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื”ืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™ืช ื”ื–ื•
01:47
stranger than fiction, and
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ืžื•ื–ืจื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืกื™ืคื•ืจืช,
01:48
home to things which seem
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ื•ื‘ื™ืชื ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื ืจืื™ื ื›ืื™ืœื•
01:50
to be from another planet;
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ื”ื ืžื›ื•ื›ื‘ ืื—ืจ;
01:52
things like hydrothermal
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ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ืžื• ืคืชื—ื™ ืื•ื•ืจื•ืจ ื”ื™ื“ืจื•ืชืจืžื™ื™ื
01:54
vents - volcanic hot springs
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- ืžืขื™ื™ื ื•ืช ื—ืžื™ื ื•ื•ืœืงื ื™ื™ื
01:56
which break through the
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ื”ืคื•ืจืฆื™ื ื“ืจืš
01:57
ocean floor. Oceanographer,
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ืงืจืงืขื™ืช ื”ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก. ืื•ืงื™ืื ื•ื’ืจืฃ,
01:59
Alex Rogers, joined an
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ืืœื›ืก ืจื•ื’'ืจืก, ื”ืฆื˜ืจืฃ
02:01
expedition which discovered
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ืœืžืฉืœื—ืช ืฉื’ื™ืœืชื” ืคืชื—
02:02
a hydrothermal vent in
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ื”ื™ื“ืจื•ืชืจืžื™
02:04
the ocean near Antarctica.
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ื‘ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก โ€‹โ€‹ืœื™ื“ ืื ื˜ืืจืงื˜ื™ืงื”.
02:06
He told his story to BBC
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ื”ื•ื ืกื™ืคืจ ืืช ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืฉืœื• ืœืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช BBC
02:08
World Service programme,
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World Service,
02:09
Discovery: Well, the first problem is
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Discovery: ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื”ื™ื
02:13
actually finding them
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ื‘ืขืฆื ืœืžืฆื•ื ืื•ืชื
02:14
because they cover a very
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ื›ื™ ื”ื ืžื›ืกื™ื
02:16
small area so it's
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ืฉื˜ื— ืงื˜ืŸ ืžืื•ื“ ืื– ื–ื”
02:18
literally like trying to
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ืžืžืฉ ื›ืžื• ืœื ืกื•ืช
02:19
find a needle in a haystack,
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ืœืžืฆื•ื ืžื—ื˜ ื‘ืขืจื™ืžืช ืฉื—ืช,
02:21
but when you do come across
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ืืฉืจ ืืชื” ื ืชืงืœ
02:23
them, I mean, the deep ocean
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ื‘ื”ื, ืื ื™ ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ื”ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก โ€‹โ€‹ื”ืขืžื•ืง
02:24
is food limited, so life
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ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœ ืœืžื–ื•ืŸ, ืื– ื”ื—ื™ื™ื
02:26
is quite thin on the ground,
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ื“ืงื™ื ืœืžื“ื™ ืขืœ ื”ืงืจืงืข,
02:28
and then suddenly your
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ื•ืื– ืœืคืชืข
02:29
camera just stumbles into
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ื”ืžืฆืœืžื” ืฉืœืš ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื ืงืœืขืช ืœืื–ื•ืจ
02:31
this area where there is
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ื”ื–ื” ืฉื‘ื• ื™ืฉ
02:32
just abundant life all
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ืจืง ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืฉืคืข ืขืœ
02:35
over the sea floor and
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ืคื ื™ ื›ืœ ืงืจืงืขื™ืช ื”ื™ื ื•ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘
02:36
around these vents. Alex says that finding
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ืœืคืชื—ื™ ื”ืื•ื•ืจื•ืจ ื”ืืœื”. ืืœื›ืก ืื•ืžืจ ืฉืœืžืฆื•ื
02:41
these small thermal vents
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ืคืชื—ื™ ื”ืื•ื•ืจื•ืจ ื”ืชืจืžื™ื™ื ื”ืงื˜ื ื™ื ื”ืืœื”
02:42
at the bottom of the ocean
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ื‘ืงืจืงืขื™ืช ื”ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก
02:44
is like finding a needle
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ื–ื” ื›ืžื• ืœืžืฆื•ื ืžื—ื˜ ื‘ืขืจื™ืžืช ืฉื—ืช
02:45
in a haystack, an idiom
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, ื ื™ื‘
02:47
meaning almost impossible
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ืฉืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื• ื›ืžืขื˜ ื‘ืœืชื™ ืืคืฉืจื™
02:48
to find because the area
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ืœืžืฆื•ื ื›ื™ ื”ืฉื˜ื—
02:50
you have to search
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ืฉืืชื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื—ืคืฉ
02:51
is so large. Because there's no sunlight
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ื”ื•ื ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื’ื“ื•ืœ. ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืื•ืจ ืฉืžืฉ
02:54
on the ocean floor, it's
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ืขืœ ืงืจืงืขื™ืช ื”ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก,
02:56
hard for plants and
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ืงืฉื” ืœืฆืžื—ื™ื
02:57
creatures to survive, so
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ื•ืœื™ืฆื•ืจื™ื ืœืฉืจื•ื“, ื•ืœื›ืŸ
02:59
forms of life are thin
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ืฆื•ืจื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืจื–ื•ืช
03:00
on the ground - there are
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ืขืœ ื”ืงืจืงืข - ื™ืฉ
03:02
only a few of them. Alex
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ืจืง ื›ืžื” ื›ืืœื”. ืืœื›ืก
03:04
cannot find anything to film
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ืœื ืžื•ืฆื ืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืœืฆืœื
03:06
with his camera, until
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ืขื ื”ืžืฆืœืžื” ืฉืœื•, ืขื“
03:07
suddenly he nears the vent
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ืฉืคืชืื•ื ื”ื•ื ืžืชืงืจื‘ ืœืคืชื— ื”ืื•ื•ืจื•ืจ
03:09
and sees plants and animals
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ื•ืจื•ืื” ืฆืžื—ื™ื ื•ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื
03:11
everywhere. Here, there is
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ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื. ื›ืืŸ, ื™ืฉ
03:13
more than enough, or
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ื“ื™ ื•ื”ื•ืชืจ, ืื•
03:15
abundant life. To picture a hydrothermal
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ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืฉืคืข. ื›ื“ื™ ืœื“ืžื™ื™ืŸ
03:18
vent, imagine an underwater
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ืคื•ืจืงืŸ ื”ื™ื“ืจื•ืชืจืžื™, ื“ืžื™ื™ื ื• ื”ืจ ื’ืขืฉ ืชืช-ืžื™ืžื™
03:20
volcano. Billowing clouds of
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. ืขื ื ื™ื ืžืชื ืคื—ื™ื ืฉืœ
03:22
what looks like smoke
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ืžื” ืฉื ืจืื” ื›ืžื• ืขืฉืŸ
03:23
heat the seawater to a
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ืžื—ืžืžื™ื ืืช ืžื™ ื”ื™ื
03:25
temperature of 386 degrees C.
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ืœื˜ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืจื” ืฉืœ 386 ืžืขืœื•ืช ืฆืœื–ื™ื•ืก.
03:29
This creates a warm
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ื–ื” ื™ื•ืฆืจ
03:30
environment of all kinds
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ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื—ืžื” ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืžื™ื ื™ ื™ืฆื•ืจื™ื
03:31
of weird and wonderful
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ืžื•ื–ืจื™ื ื•ื ืคืœืื™ื
03:32
creatures, including vent
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, ื›ื•ืœืœ
03:34
mussels, tube worms and
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ืžื•ืœื™ ืื•ื•ืจื•ืจ, ืชื•ืœืขื™ ืฆื™ื ื•ืจ ื•'ืกืจื˜ื ื™
03:35
blind 'yeti crabs', so
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ื™ื˜ื™' ืขื™ื•ื•ืจื™ื,
03:37
called because of their
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ืฉื ืงืจืื™ื ื›ืš ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉืœื”ื.
03:38
hairy claws, some of
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ื˜ืคืจื™ื ืฉืขื™ืจื™ื,
03:39
which get cooked because
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ืฉื—ืœืงื ืžืชื‘ืฉืœื™ื ื‘ื’ืœืœ
03:41
the water is so hot. What's amazing is that
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ืฉื”ืžื™ื ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื—ืžื™ื. ืžื” ืฉืžื“ื”ื™ื ื”ื•ื
03:44
while these vents may be
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ืฉื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉืคืชื—ื™ ื”ืื•ื•ืจื•ืจ ื”ืœืœื• ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช
03:45
as old as Earth itself,
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ื™ืฉื ื™ื ื›ืžื• ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ ืขืฆืžื•,
03:47
they were only discovered
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ื”ื ื”ืชื’ืœื• ืจืง
03:48
in the 1970s. So, are
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ื‘ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ืฉื‘ืขื™ื. ืื– ื”ืื
03:51
there more mysteries hiding
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ืžืกืชืชืจื•ืช ืขื•ื“ ืชืขืœื•ืžื•ืช
03:53
in the deep ocean? That's
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ื‘ื™ื ื”ืขืžื•ืง? ื–ื•
03:54
the question BBC World
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ื”ืฉืืœื” ืฉืฉืืœื” ื—ื‘ืจืช BBC World
03:56
Service's, Discovery, asked
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Service, Discovery,
03:58
marine biologist, Kerry Howell.
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ื”ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ ื”ื™ืžื™, ืงืจื™ ื”ืื•ื•ืœ.
04:00
Here's what she said. I have absolutely no doubt
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ื”ื ื” ืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื ืืžืจื”. ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ ืกืคืง
04:04
that there is plenty more to
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ืฉื™ืฉ ืขื•ื“ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื”
04:06
discover down there. It's really
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ืœื’ืœื•ืช ืฉื ืœืžื˜ื”. ื–ื” ื‘ืืžืช
04:08
vast, I mean it's quite hard to
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ืขืฆื•ื, ืื ื™ ืžืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื–ื” ื“ื™ ืงืฉื”
04:09
get your head around how vast
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ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ืžื” ืขืฆื•ื
04:11
the deep sea is, and it is
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ื”ื™ื ื”ืขืžื•ืง, ื•ื”ื•ื
04:12
most of our planet. So... and
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ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืคืœื ื˜ื” ืฉืœื ื•. ืื–... ื•ื‘ืงื•ืฉื™
04:14
we've barely scratched the
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ื’ื™ืจื“ื ื• ืืช
04:15
surface of exploration of this
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ืคื ื™ ื”ืฉื˜ื— ืฉืœ ื—ืงืจ
04:18
unique environment, and if
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ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ืช ื”ื–ื•, ื•ืื
04:19
you think that vents were
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ืืชื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉืคืชื—ื™ ืื•ื•ืจื•ืจ
04:20
only discovered in the 70s,
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ื”ืชื’ืœื• ืจืง ื‘ืฉื ื•ืช ื”-70,
04:22
you know, there's great
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ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ื™ืฉ
04:23
potential for a lot else
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ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืœืขื•ื“ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื
04:25
to come, I think. We've only
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ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืื•, ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘. ืื ื—ื ื•
04:26
been exploring this
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ื—ื•ืงืจื™ื ืืช
04:27
environment for the last
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ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื”ื–ื• ืจืง ื‘
04:28
150 years, I mean. Before
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-150 ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช, ื–ืืช ืื•ืžืจืช. ืœืคื ื™
04:30
that we didn't think
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ื›ืŸ ืœื ื—ืฉื‘ื ื•
04:31
there was any life down
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ืฉื™ืฉ
04:32
there at all. So, it's
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ืฉื ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœืœ. ืื– ื–ื”
04:33
a very young science is
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ืžื“ืข ืฆืขื™ืจ ืžืื•ื“ ื”ื•ื
04:35
Deep Sea biology. And so,
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ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื ื”ืขืžื•ืง. ื•ื›ืš,
04:36
there's... yeah, there's
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ื™ืฉ... ื›ืŸ, ื™ืฉ ืขื•ื“
04:37
a lot more to discover.
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ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื” ืœื’ืœื•ืช.
04:38
I have no doubt. In terms of ocean
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ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ ืกืคืง. ื‘ืžื•ื ื—ื™ื ืฉืœ
04:41
exploration Kerry thinks
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ื—ืงืจ ื”ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืกื™ื ืงืจื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืจืง
04:42
we've only scratched the
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ืฉืจื˜ื ื• ืืช
04:44
surface - found out a
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ืคื ื™ ื”ืฉื˜ื— - ื’ื™ืœื™ื ื•
04:45
little bit about something,
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ืงืฆืช ืขืœ ืžืฉื”ื•,
04:46
but not enough to
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ืื‘ืœ ืœื ืžืกืคื™ืง ื›ื“ื™
04:47
fully understand it. That's because the ocean
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ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืžืœื•ืื•. ื–ื” ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื”ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก
04:50
is vast - extremely big.
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ืขืฆื•ื - ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžืื•ื“.
04:53
So vast, in fact, that it's
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ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืขืฆื•ื, ืœืžืขืฉื”, ืฉืงืฉื”
04:55
hard to get your head
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ืœืชืคื•ืก ืืช ื”ืจืืฉ
04:56
around it, or difficult
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, ืื• ืฉืงืฉื”
04:58
to really understand. But how vast, exactly,
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ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ืืžืช. ืื‘ืœ ื›ืžื” ืขืฆื•ื, ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง,
05:01
Sam? In my question I asked
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ืกื? ื‘ืฉืืœืชื™ ืฉืืœืชื™
05:03
how much of the Earth's
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ื›ืžื” ืžืฉื˜ื— ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ
05:04
surface is covered by water. ย 
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ืžื›ื•ืกื” ื‘ืžื™ื.
05:06
And I said it was c) 70 percent. Which was the correct answer!
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ื•ืื ื™ ืืžืจืชื™ ืฉื–ื” ื’) 70 ืื—ื•ื–. ืžื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื”!
05:10
Well, 71 percent to be precise,
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, 71 ืื—ื•ื– ืœื™ืชืจ ื“ื™ื•ืง,
05:13
but either way it's hard to
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ืš ืื• ื›ืš ืงืฉื”
05:14
get your head around or
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ืœืชืคื•ืก ืืช ื”ืจืืฉ ืื•
05:16
difficult to fully understand. OK, we'd better recap the
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ืงืฉื” ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืขื“ ื”ืกื•ืฃ. ืื•ืงื™ื™, ืžื•ื˜ื‘ ืฉื ืกื›ื
05:19
other vocabulary too,
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ื’ื ืืช ืื•ืฆืจ ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื ื”ืื—ืจ,
05:21
starting with the idiom,
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ื”ื—ืœ ืžื”ื ื™ื‘,
05:22
finding a needle in a haystack
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ืœืžืฆื•ื ืžื—ื˜ ื‘ืขืจื™ืžืช ืฉื—ืช
05:25
meaning that something is
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ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืžืฉื”ื•
05:26
almost impossible to find
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ื›ืžืขื˜ ื‘ืœืชื™ ืืคืฉืจื™ ืœืžืฆื•ื
05:28
because you have to
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ื›ื™ ืืชื” ืฆืจื™ืš
05:29
search so widely for it. If something is thin on the
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ืœื—ืคืฉ ืื•ืชื• ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื ืจื—ื‘. ืื ืžืฉื”ื• ื“ืง ืขืœ
05:32
ground, there's very little
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ื”ืงืจืงืข, ื™ืฉ ืžืขื˜ ืžืื•ื“
05:34
of it, but if it's abundant,
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ืžืžื ื•, ืื‘ืœ ืื ื”ื•ื ื‘ืฉืคืข,
05:36
there's plenty or
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ื™ืฉ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืื•
05:37
more than enough. When you only scratch the
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ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืžืกืคื™ืง. ื›ืฉืืชื” ืจืง ืžื’ืจื“ ืืช
05:40
surface, you find out a
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ืคื ื™ ื”ืฉื˜ื—, ืืชื” ืžื’ืœื”
05:41
little about something,
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ืงืฆืช ืขืœ ืžืฉื”ื•,
05:43
but not enough to
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ืื‘ืœ ืœื ืžืกืคื™ืง ื›ื“ื™
05:44
fully understand it. And finally, vast is
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ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืžืœื•ืื•. ื•ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ, ืขืฆื•ื ื”ื™ื
05:46
another way of saying
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ื“ืจืš ื ื•ืกืคืช ืœื•ืžืจ
05:47
extremely large,
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ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžืื•ื“,
05:48
huge or enormous. Unlike the vast oceans,
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ืขื ืง ืื• ืขืฆื•ื. ืฉืœื ื›ืžื• ื”ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืกื™ื ื”ืขืฆื•ืžื™ื,
05:52
our time is limited to
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ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืœื ื• ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœ
05:53
just six minutes and
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ืœืฉืฉ ื“ืงื•ืช ื‘ืœื‘ื“
05:55
it's up. So, join us
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ื•ื”ื•ื ื ื’ืžืจ. ืื–, ื”ืฆื˜ืจืคื• ืืœื™ื ื•
05:56
again soon for more
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ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืงืจื•ื‘
05:57
amazing adventures and,
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ืœื”ืจืคืชืงืื•ืช ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช ื•ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ
05:59
of course, useful
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, ืื•ืฆืจ
06:00
vocabulary, here at 6 Minute
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ืžื™ืœื™ื ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื™, ื›ืืŸ ื‘-6 ื“ืงื•ืช
06:02
English. Goodbye for now! Goodbye!
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ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืœื”ืชืจืื•ืช ืœื‘ื™ื ืชื™ื™ื! ื”ึฑื™ื” ืฉืœื•ื!
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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