Songwriting - 6 Minute English

120,739 views ใƒป 2023-01-05

BBC Learning English


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ. ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืžืชื•ืจื’ืžื•ืช ืžืชื•ืจื’ืžื•ืช ื‘ืžื›ื•ื ื”.

00:06
Hello.
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ืฉืœื•ื.
00:07
This is 6 Minute English
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ื–ื•ื”ื™ 6 ื“ืงื•ืช ืื ื’ืœื™ืช
00:08
from BBC Learning English.
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ืžื‘ื™ืช BBC Learning English.
00:09
I'm Sam.
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ืื ื™ ืกืื.
00:10
And I'm Neil.
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ื•ืื ื™ ื ื™ืœ.
00:12
[Singing] Du du dum dum!
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[ืฉื™ืจื”] ื“ื• ื“ื• ื“ื•ื ื“ื•ื!
00:13
Da-da-da!
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ื“ื-ื“ื”-ื“ื”!
00:14
What's that song you're singing, Neil?
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ืžื” ื”ืฉื™ืจ ื”ื–ื” ืฉืืชื” ืฉืจ, ื ื™ืœ?
00:16
Is it The Rolling Stones?
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ื–ื” ื”ืจื•ืœื™ื ื’ ืกื˜ื•ื ืก?
00:19
Well, I've had this song stuck
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื”ืฉื™ืจ ื”ื–ื” ืชืงื•ืข ืœื™
00:21
in my head all day!
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ื‘ืจืืฉ ื›ืœ ื”ื™ื•ื!
00:23
It's a real earworm โ€“ you know,
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ื–ื• ืชื•ืœืขืช ืื•ื–ื ื™ื™ื ืืžื™ืชื™ืช - ืืชื” ื™ื•ื“ืข,
00:25
a song you keep hearing over
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ืฉื™ืจ ืฉืืชื” ืฉื•ืžืข ืฉื•ื‘
00:27
and over again in your head.
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ื•ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืจืืฉ ืฉืœืš.
00:29
Well, The Rolling Stones, for example,
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื”ืจื•ืœื™ื ื’ ืกื˜ื•ื ืก, ืœืžืฉืœ,
00:30
are famous for their catchy songs.
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ืžืคื•ืจืกืžื™ื ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ืจื™ื ื”ืงืœื™ื˜ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื.
00:33
But writing a memorable song isn't easy.
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ืื‘ืœ ืœื›ืชื•ื‘ ืฉื™ืจ ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ืฉื›ื— ื–ื” ืœื ืงืœ.
00:36
Not only do you have to write a good tune,
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ืœื ืจืง ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื›ืชื•ื‘ ืžื ื’ื™ื ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื”,
00:39
you also need to match it to
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ืฆืจื™ืš ื’ื ืœื”ืชืื™ื ืื•ืชื”
00:40
the lyrics - the words of the song.
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ืœืžื™ืœื™ื - ืœืžื™ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื™ืจ.
00:42
In this programme, we'll be discussing
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ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื–ื•, ื ื“ื•ืŸ
00:44
the art of songwriting โ€“
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ื‘ืืžื ื•ืช ื›ืชื™ื‘ืช ื”ืฉื™ืจื™ื -
00:46
combining lyrics and music
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ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืฉืœ ืžื™ืœื™ื ื•ืžื•ื–ื™ืงื”
00:48
to make a hit song.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืฉื™ืจ ืœื”ื™ื˜.
00:50
And of course,
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ื•ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ,
00:51
we'll be learning some new vocabulary as well.
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ื ืœืžื“ ื’ื ืื•ืฆืจ ืžื™ืœื™ื ื—ื“ืฉ.
00:52
But first I have a question for you, Neil.
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ืื‘ืœ ืงื•ื“ื ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ืฉืืœื” ืืœื™ืš, ื ื™ืœ.
00:55
Every week from 1964 until it
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ืžื“ื™ ืฉื‘ื•ืข ืž-1964 ื•ืขื“
00:57
ended in 2006, the BBC television programme,
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ืœืกื™ื•ืžื• ื‘-2006, ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ื˜ืœื•ื•ื™ื–ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”-BBC,
01:01
Top of the Pops, had a countdown of the
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Top of the Pops, ืขืจื›ื” ืกืคื™ืจื” ืœืื—ื•ืจ ืฉืœ
01:04
most popular songs in the British music charts,
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ื”ืฉื™ืจื™ื ื”ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืžืฆืขื“ ื”ืžื•ื–ื™ืงื” ื”ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื™,
01:07
from number forty up to number one.
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ืžื”ืžืงื•ื ื”ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ืขื“ ืœืžืงื•ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ.
01:10
So who's had the most number
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ืื– ืœืžื™ ื”ื™ื• ื”ืฉื™ืจื™ื ื”ื›ื™ ืžืกืคืจ
01:11
one hit songs in the UK over
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1 ื‘ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื” ืœืื•ืจืš
01:14
the years?
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ื”ืฉื ื™ื?
01:15
Is it:
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ื”ืื ื–ื”:
01:16
a) The Rolling Stones?
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ื) ื”ืจื•ืœื™ื ื’ ืกื˜ื•ื ืก?
01:17
b) The Beatles?
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ื‘) ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ืœืก?
01:19
or,
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ืื•,
01:20
c) Elvis Presley?
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ื’) ืืœื‘ื™ืก ืคืจืกืœื™?
01:21
You're showing your age there, Sam
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ืืชื” ืžืจืื” ืืช ื’ื™ืœืš ืฉื, ืกื
01:23
โ€“ those musicians were famous decades ago!
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- ื”ืžื•ื–ื™ืงืื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื”ื™ื• ืžืคื•ืจืกืžื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืฉื ื™ื!
01:26
I'm going to go for c),
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ืื ื™ ื”ื•ืœืš ืขืœ c),
01:27
the King of rock'n'roll, Elvis Presley.
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ืžืœืš ื”ืจื•ืงื 'ืจื•ืœ, ืืœื‘ื™ืก ืคืจืกืœื™.
01:30
OK, Neil.
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ื‘ืกื“ืจ, ื ื™ืœ. ืืช
01:31
I'll reveal the answer
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ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืื’ืœื”
01:32
later in the programme.
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ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช.
01:33
Professor Adam Bradley is
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ืคืจื•ืคืกื•ืจ ืื“ื ื‘ืจืื“ืœื™ ื”ื•ื
01:35
the author of The Book of Rhymes,
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ื”ืžื—ื‘ืจ ืฉืœ ืกืคืจ ื”ื—ืจื•ื–ื™ื,
01:37
a study into the lyrics of hip-hop music.
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ืžื—ืงืจ ืขืœ ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื•ื–ื™ืงืช โ€‹โ€‹ื”ื™ืค ื”ื•ืค.
01:40
He knows a lot about how words
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ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ื“ืข ื”ืจื‘ื” ืขืœ ืื™ืš ืžื™ืœื™ื
01:42
and music combine to make hit songs.
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ื•ืžื•ื–ื™ืงื” ืžืฉืชืœื‘ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืฉื™ืจื™ ืœื”ื™ื˜.
01:45
When he spoke to BBC Radio 4 programme,
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ื›ืฉื“ื™ื‘ืจ ืขื ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช BBC Radio 4,
01:47
Word of Mouth, the presenter,
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ืžืคื” ืœืื•ื–ืŸ, ื”ืžื ื—ื”,
01:49
Michael Rosen, asked Adam what
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ืžื™ื™ืงืœ ืจื•ื–ืŸ, ืฉืืœ ืืช ืื“ื ืœืื™ื–ื•
01:51
music he was listening to at the moment.
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ืžื•ื–ื™ืงื” ื”ื•ื ืžืื–ื™ืŸ ื›ืจื’ืข.
01:53
These days I have a little
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ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ืืœื” ื™ืฉ ืœื™
01:55
bit of a nostalgic streak,
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ืงืฆืช ืจืฆืฃ ื ื•ืกื˜ืœื’ื™,
01:57
so I go back to some of the
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ืื– ืื ื™ ื—ื•ื–ืจ ืœื—ืœืง ืžื”ืžื•ื–ื™ืงื”
01:59
earliest music that mattered to me
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ื”ืžื•ืงื“ืžืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉื—ืฉื•ื‘ื” ืœื™ ื›ืื“ื
02:01
as a young person, music that
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ืฆืขื™ืจ, ืžื•ื–ื™ืงื” ืฉืืžื
02:03
my mother played for me, things
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ืฉืœื™ ื ื™ื’ื ื” ืœื™, ื“ื‘ืจื™ื
02:05
like Crosby, Stills and Nash
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ื›ืžื• ืงืจื•ืกื‘ื™, ืกื˜ื™ืœืก ื•ื ืืฉ '
02:07
'Suite: Judy Blue Eyes'...
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ืกื•ื•ื™ื˜ื”: ื’'ื•ื“ื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืœ Blue Eyes
02:09
things like the earliest music
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ื›ืžื• ื”ืžื•ื–ื™ืงื” ื”ืžื•ืงื“ืžืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ
02:10
that I discovered as an independent
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ืฉื’ื™ืœื™ืชื™ ื›ื™ื•ืฆืจ
02:13
tastemaker for myself, things like
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ื˜ืขื ืขืฆืžืื™ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืขืฆืžื™, ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ืžื•
02:14
De La Soul and A Tribe Called Quest.
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De La Soul ื•-A Tribe Called Quest.
02:17
Adam says he's currently listening
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ืื“ื ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืื–ื™ืŸ ื›ืจื’ืข
02:19
to the music his mother played
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ืœืžื•ื–ื™ืงื” ืฉืืžื• ื”ืฉืžื™ืขื”
02:21
him when he was young because
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ืœื• ื›ืฉื”ื™ื” ืฆืขื™ืจ ื›ื™
02:22
he has a nostalgic streak -
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ื™ืฉ ืœื• ืจืฆืฃ ื ื•ืกื˜ืœื’ื™ -
02:25
an affectionate feeling for
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ืชื—ื•ืฉืช ื—ื™ื‘ื” ืœืชืงื•ืคื”
02:26
a happy time in the past.
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ืžืื•ืฉืจืช ื‘ืขื‘ืจ.
02:28
His mum liked 1960s American
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ืืžื• ืื”ื‘ื” ื–ืžืจื™ื-ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ื ืžืฉื ื•ืช ื”-60
02:30
singer-songwriters like Crosby, Stills and Nash.
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ื›ืžื• ืงืจื•ืกื‘ื™, ืกื˜ื™ืœืก ื•ื ืืฉ .
02:33
Adam is also listening to hip-hop
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ืื“ื ื’ื ืžืื–ื™ืŸ ืœืœื”ืงื•ืช ื”ื™ืค-ื”ื•ืค
02:35
groups like De La Soul -
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ื›ืžื• ื“ื” ืœื” ืกื•ืœ -
02:37
the music he chose when he started
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ื”ืžื•ื–ื™ืงื” ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ื—ืจ ื›ืฉื”ืชื—ื™ืœ
02:39
finding his own taste in music,
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ืœืžืฆื•ื ืืช ื”ื˜ืขื ืฉืœื• ื‘ืžื•ื–ื™ืงื”,
02:41
becoming a tastemaker for himself.
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ื•ื”ืคืš ืœื™ื•ืฆืจ ื˜ืขื ืœืขืฆืžื•.
02:44
A tastemaker is someone who influences
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ื™ื•ืฆืจ ื˜ืขื ื”ื•ื ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืฉืžืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ
02:47
what is considered fashionable
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ืžื” ืฉื ื—ืฉื‘ ืœืื•ืคื ืชื™
02:49
or popular at the moment.
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ืื• ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ ื›ืจื’ืข.
02:51
As well as hip-hop, Adam also
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ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœื”ื™ืค ื”ื•ืค, ืื“ื
02:52
loves rock'n'roll music, and
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ืื•ื”ื‘ ื’ื ืžื•ื–ื™ืงืช โ€‹โ€‹ืจื•ืงื ืจื•ืœ,
02:54
โ€“ like me โ€“ is a big fan of The Rolling Stones
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ื•ื›ืžื•ื ื™ ื”ื•ื ืžืขืจื™ืฅ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ืจื•ืœื™ื ื’ ืกื˜ื•ื ืก
02:57
whose singer, Mick Jagger, and guitar player,
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ืฉื”ื–ืžืจ, ืžื™ืง ื’'ืื’ืจ, ื•ื”ื’ื™ื˜ืจื”,
02:59
Keith Richards, are two of the most
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ืงื™ืช' ืจื™ืฆ'ืจื“ืก, ื”ื ืฉื ื™ื™ื
03:01
successful songwriters ever.
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ืžื”ื›ื•ืชื‘ื™ื ื”ืžืฆืœื™ื—ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ. ืึตื™ึด ืคึผึทืขึทื.
03:04
Here Adam tells BBC Radio 4's,
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ื›ืืŸ ืื“ื ืžืกืคืจ ืœ-BBC Radio 4,
03:07
Word of Mouth, how the rock stars
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ืžืคื” ืœืื•ื–ืŸ, ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ ื”ืจื•ืง
03:08
worked together to write
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ืขื‘ื“ื• ื™ื—ื“ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื›ืชื•ื‘
03:09
some of the best known songs
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ื›ืžื” ืžื”ืฉื™ืจื™ื ื”ื™ื“ื•ืขื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ
03:11
in rock'n'roll history:
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ื‘ืชื•ืœื“ื•ืช ื”ืจื•ืงื 'ืจื•ืœ:
03:13
Often Keith Richards would
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ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืงื™ืช' ืจื™ืฆ'ืจื“ืก ื”ื™ื”
03:16
go on one of his historic benders
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ื”ื•ืœืš ืขืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื›ื•ืคืคื™ ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ ืฉืœื•
03:19
and wake up with a recording device
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ื•ืžืชืขื•ืจืจ ืขื ื”ืงืœื˜ื” ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ
03:22
next to him in the morning
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ืœื™ื“ื• ื‘ื‘ื•ืงืจ
03:23
where he had put the melody down
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ืฉื‘ื• ื”ื ื™ื— ืืช ื”ืžื ื’ื™ื ื”
03:25
for a song, and had the chord structure
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ืœืฉื™ืจ, ื•ื”ื™ื” ืžื‘ื ื” ื”ืืงื•ืจื“
03:27
and everything in place.
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ื•ื”ื›ืœ ื‘ืžืงื•ื.
03:28
And he might take that to Mick,
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ื•ืื•ืœื™ ื”ื•ื ื™ื™ืงื— ืืช ื–ื” ืœืžื™ืง,
03:31
and Mick would listen through
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ื•ืžื™ืง ื™ืงืฉื™ื‘
03:33
and he would write lyrics...
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ื•ื™ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืžื™ืœื™ื...
03:35
And in Mick's mind, as he said
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ื•ื‘ืžื•ื—ื• ืฉืœ ืžื™ืง, ื›ืคื™ ืฉืืžืจ
03:37
in an interview once,
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ื‘ืจืื™ื•ืŸ ืคืขื,
03:38
he would impose his melodies as a singer
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ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ื›ื•ืคื” ืืช ื”ืœื—ื ื™ื ืฉืœื• ื›ื–ืžืจ
03:42
on Keith's chord structure.
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ืขืœ ืžื‘ื ื” ื”ืืงื•ืจื“ื™ื ืฉืœ ืงื™ืช'.
03:43
So there would be this give and
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ืื– ื™ื”ื™ื” ื–ื” ืชืŸ
03:44
take, this tension.
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ื•ืงื—, ื”ืžืชื— ื”ื–ื”.
03:46
Keith Richards is famous
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ืงื™ืช' ืจื™ืฆ'ืจื“ืก ืžืคื•ืจืกื
03:47
for going on benders โ€“
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ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ื•ืœืš ืขืœ ืžื›ื•ืคืคื™ื -
03:49
a period of time spent in heavy
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ืชืงื•ืคื” ืฉืœ ื–ืžืŸ ื‘ื™ืœื”
03:51
alcohol drinking and non-stop partying.
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ื‘ืฉืชื™ื™ืช ืืœื›ื•ื”ื•ืœ ื›ื‘ื“ื” ื•ื‘ืžืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœืœื ื”ืคืกืงื”.
03:55
During these, he often thought up
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ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืืœื”, ื”ื•ื ื—ืฉื‘ ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช
03:57
the chord structure for a song.
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ืืช ืžื‘ื ื” ื”ืืงื•ืจื“ื™ื ืœืฉื™ืจ.
03:59
A chord is three or more musical
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ืืงื•ืจื“ ื”ื•ื ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืื• ื™ื•ืชืจ
04:01
notes played together, so
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ืชื•ื•ื™ื ืžื•ื–ื™ืงืœื™ื™ื ื”ืžื•ืฉืžืขื™ื ื™ื—ื“, ื›ืš
04:03
a chord structure is a sequence
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ืฉืžื‘ื ื” ืืงื•ืจื“ ื”ื•ื ืจืฆืฃ
04:05
of chords played one after the other.
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ืฉืœ ืืงื•ืจื“ื™ื ื”ืžื•ืฉืžืขื™ื ื‘ื–ื” ืื—ืจ ื–ื”.
04:08
Later, Mick Jagger would listen
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ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืžื™ืง ื’'ืื’ืจ ื™ืงืฉื™ื‘
04:09
to the music Keith had thought up,
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ืœืžื•ื–ื™ืงื” ืฉืงื™ืช' ื—ืฉื‘,
04:12
and write lyrics to match.
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ื•ื™ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืžื™ืœื™ื ืฉื™ืชืื™ืžื•.
04:13
Adam describes this relationship
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ืื“ื ืžืชืืจ ืืช ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื™ื—ืกื™ื ื”ื–ื•
04:15
as give and take โ€“ a compromise
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ื›'ืชืŸ ื•ืงื—' - ืคืฉืจื”
04:17
where you are willing to accept
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ืฉื‘ื” ืืชื” ืžื•ื›ืŸ ืœืงื‘ืœ
04:19
suggestions from another person
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ื”ืฆืขื•ืช ืžืื“ื ืื—ืจ
04:20
and give up some ideas of your own.
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ื•ืœื•ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ ื›ืžื” ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืžืฉืœืš.
04:22
Mick and Keith's legendary friendship
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ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืื’ื“ื™ืช ืฉืœ ืžื™ืง ื•ืงื™ืช'
04:24
has certainly been up and down over
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ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ืขืœืชื” ื•ื™ื•ืจื“ืช ืœืื•ืจืš
04:26
the years, and there's no doubt
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ื”ืฉื ื™ื, ื•ืื™ืŸ ืกืคืง
04:28
they've written some of the best
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ืฉื”ื ื›ืชื‘ื• ื›ืžื”
04:30
rock songs ever.
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ืžืฉื™ืจื™ ื”ืจื•ืง ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื™ ืคืขื.
04:31
But have they been
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืื ื”ื ื”ื™ื•
04:33
top when it comes to number one hits?
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ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืงืฉื•ืจ ืœืœื”ื™ื˜ื™ื ืžืกืคืจ 1?
04:36
It's time to reveal the answer to my questionโ€ฆ
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ื”ื’ื™ืข ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืœื—ืฉื•ืฃ ืืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืœืฉืืœื” ืฉืœื™...
04:38
Yes, you asked who has had the
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ื›ืŸ, ืฉืืœืช ืžื™ ื–ื›ื” ื‘ืžืกืคืจ
04:40
most number one hits in the UK music charts,
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ื”ืœื”ื™ื˜ื™ื ื”ื›ื™ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื‘ืžืฆืขื“ ื”ืžื•ื–ื™ืงื” ื‘ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื”,
04:43
and I said it was Elvis Presley.
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ื•ืืžืจืชื™ ืฉื–ื” ืืœื‘ื™ืก ืคืจืกืœื™.
04:46
Which was... the correct answer, Neil!
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ื–ืืช ื”ื™ื™ืชื”... ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื”, ื ื™ืœ!
04:49
With twenty-one number one hits, Elvis,
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ืขื ืขืฉืจื™ื ื•ืื—ื“ ืœื”ื™ื˜ื™ ืžืกืคืจ 1, ืืœื‘ื™ืก,
04:52
the King of rock'n'roll,
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ืžืœืš ื”ืจื•ืงื 'ืจื•ืœ,
04:53
is the most successful chart-topper,
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ื”ื•ื ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœ ื”ืžืฆืขื“ ื”ืžืฆืœื™ื— ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ,
04:56
followed by The Beatles with seventeen number ones,
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ืื—ืจื™ื• ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ืœืก ืขื ืฉื‘ืขื” ืขืฉืจ ืžืกืคืจ 1,
04:59
and further down the list,
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ื•ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื”ืจืฉื™ืžื”,
05:00
The Rolling Stones with eight.
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ื”ืจื•ืœื™ื ื’ ืกื˜ื•ื ืก ืขื ืฉืžื•ื ื”.
05:02
OK, let's recap the vocabulary we've
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ื‘ืกื“ืจ, ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืกื›ื ืืช ืื•ืฆืจ ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื ืฉืœืžื“ื ื•
05:04
learned starting with earworm -
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ื”ื—ืœ ืžืชื•ืœืขืช ืื•ื–ื ื™ื™ื -
05:06
a song that you can't stop hearing
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ืฉื™ืจ ืฉืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืคืกื™ืง ืœืฉืžื•ืข
05:08
over and over in your head.
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ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืจืืฉ.
05:09
A nostalgic streak is an affectionate
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ืคืก ื ื•ืกื˜ืœื’ื™ ื”ื•ื
05:12
or bittersweet feeling you have
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ืชื—ื•ืฉืช ื—ื™ื‘ื” ืื• ืžืจื™ืจื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืš
05:14
for a happy time in the past.
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ืœื–ืžืŸ ืžืื•ืฉืจ ื‘ืขื‘ืจ.
05:16
A tastemaker is a person that influences
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ื‘ืขืœ ื˜ืขื ื”ื•ื ืื“ื ืฉืžืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ
05:18
what people think is popular
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ืžื” ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™
05:20
or fashionable at the moment.
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ืื• ืื•ืคื ืชื™ ื›ืจื’ืข.
05:22
If you go on a bender,
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ืื ืืชื” ื”ื•ืœืš ืขืœ ืžื›ื•ืคืฃ,
05:24
you spend time drinking alcohol heavily.
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ืืชื” ืžื‘ืœื” ื–ืžืŸ ื‘ืฉืชื™ื™ืช ืืœื›ื•ื”ื•ืœ ื‘ื›ื‘ื“ื•ืช.
05:26
A chord structure is a
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ืžื‘ื ื” ืืงื•ืจื“ื™ื ื”ื•ื
05:27
sequence of musical chords.
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ืจืฆืฃ ืฉืœ ืืงื•ืจื“ื™ื ืžื•ื–ื™ืงืœื™ื™ื.
05:29
And finally, give and take between
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ื•ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ, ืชืŸ ื•ืงื— ื‘ื™ืŸ
05:31
two people is a compromise in which
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ืฉื ื™ ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ื™ื ืคืฉืจื” ืฉื‘ื”
05:33
they are willing to accept suggestions
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ื”ื ืžื•ื›ื ื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœ ื”ืฆืขื•ืช
05:35
from each another, and give up
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ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืฉื ื™, ื•ืœื•ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ
05:37
some of their own ideas.
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ื›ืžื” ืžื”ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื.
05:39
Don't forget that there is
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ืืœ ืชืฉื›ื— ืฉื™ืฉ
05:40
more to BBC Learning English than
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ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘-BBC ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืžืืฉืจ
05:42
6 Minute English!
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ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืฉืœ 6 ื“ืงื•ืช!
05:44
Why not try
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ืœืžื” ืฉืœื ืชื ืกื”
05:45
to improve your vocabulary through
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ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ืื•ืฆืจ ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื ืฉืœืš ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช
05:46
the language in news headlines?
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ื”ืฉืคื” ื‘ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช?
05:49
Try the News Review video on our website
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ื ืกื” ืืช ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ื”-News Review ื‘ืืชืจ ืฉืœื ื•
05:51
or download the podcast.
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ืื• ื”ื•ืจื“ ืืช ื”ืคื•ื“ืงืืกื˜.
05:53
And, of course, we have a free app โ€“
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ื•ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื” ื—ื™ื ืžื™ืช -
05:55
it's full of useful programmes and
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ื”ื™ื ืžืœืื” ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื•ืคืขื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื™ื•ืช
05:57
activities to help you improve your English.
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ืฉื™ืขื–ืจื• ืœืš ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ื”ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืฉืœืš.
06:00
Once again, our six minutes are up.
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ืฉื•ื‘, ืฉืฉ ื”ื“ืงื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ื ื’ืžืจื•.
06:02
Bye for now!
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ืœื”ืชืจืื•ืช ื‘ื™ื ืชื™ื™ื!
06:03
Bye!
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ื‘ื™ื™!

Original video on YouTube.com
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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