Are artistic brains different? - 6 Minute English

240,568 views ใƒป 2022-10-06

BBC Learning English


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ. ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืžืชื•ืจื’ืžื•ืช ืžืชื•ืจื’ืžื•ืช ื‘ืžื›ื•ื ื”.

00:08
Hello. This is 6 Minute English from
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ืฉืœื•ื. ื–ื•ื”ื™ 6 ื“ืงื•ืช ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืžื‘ื™ืช
00:10
BBC Learning English. Iโ€™m Neil.
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BBC Learning English. ืื ื™ ื ื™ืœ.
00:12
And Iโ€™m Sam.
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ื•ืื ื™ ืกื.
00:13
Would you say youโ€™re artistic, Sam?
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ื”ืื ื”ื™ื™ืช ืื•ืžืจ ืฉืืชื” ืืžื ื•ืชื™, ืกื?
00:15
Can you draw or paint?
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ื”ืื ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฆื™ื™ืจ ืื• ืœืฆื™ื™ืจ?
00:17
Do you dance or play music?
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ื”ืื ืืชื” ืจื•ืงื“ ืื• ืžื ื’ืŸ ืžื•ื–ื™ืงื”?
00:19
I play the piano a bit. Yes, Iโ€™d say Iโ€™m
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ืื ื™ ืžื ื’ืŸ ืงืฆืช ื‘ืคืกื ืชืจ. ื›ืŸ, ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืื•ืžืจ ืฉืื ื™
00:22
quite artistic. How about you, Neil?
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ื“ื™ ืืžื ื•ืชื™. ืžื” ืื™ืชืš, ื ื™ืœ?
00:25
Well, if you count playing football as artistic
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืื ืืชื” ืžื—ืฉื™ื‘ ืžืฉื—ืง ื›ื“ื•ืจื’ืœ ื›ืื•ืžื ื•ืชื™
00:28
then yes, but basically no โ€“ I canโ€™t paint.
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ืื– ื›ืŸ, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืขืฆื ืœื - ืื ื™ ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฆื™ื™ืจ.
00:30
Weโ€™ve been wondering why artistic ability
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ืชื”ื™ื ื• ืžื“ื•ืข ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืืžื ื•ืชื™ืช
00:32
comes more naturally to some people than others,
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ื‘ืื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื ืžืืฉืจ ืœืื—ืจื™ื,
00:35
so in this programme weโ€™ll be asking:
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ืื– ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื–ื• ื ืฉืืœ:
00:37
are artistsโ€™ brains different?
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ื”ืื ื”ืžื•ื— ืฉืœ ืืžื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื”?
00:40
Weโ€™ll hear two expert opinions, and as usual,
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ื ืฉืžืข ืฉืชื™ ื—ื•ื•ืช ื“ืขืช ืฉืœ ืžื•ืžื—ื™ื, ื•ื›ืจื’ื™ืœ,
00:43
weโ€™ll learn some useful new vocabulary as well.
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ื ืœืžื“ ื’ื ืื•ืฆืจ ืžื™ืœื™ื ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื™ ื—ื“ืฉ.
00:46
So, what do you think, Neil? Are artistsโ€™ brains
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ืื– ืžื” ืืชื” ื—ื•ืฉื‘, ื ื™ืœ? ื”ืื ื”ืžื•ื— ืฉืœ ืืžื ื™ื
00:49
different from other peopleโ€™s?
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ืฉื•ื ื” ืžืฉืœ ืื—ืจื™ื?
00:51
Iโ€™m not sure, Sam, but itโ€™s true that many
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ืื ื™ ืœื ื‘ื˜ื•ื—, ืกื, ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ื ื›ื•ืŸ
00:54
artists behave differently, often in very
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ืฉืืžื ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืžืชื ื”ื’ื™ื ืื—ืจืช, ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช
00:57
strange ways. For example, did you know
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ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืžื•ื–ืจื•ืช ืžืื•ื“. ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”, ื”ืื ื™ื“ืขืช
01:00
that Michelangelo worked so hard he never
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ืฉืžื™ื›ืœืื ื’'ืœื• ืขื‘ื“ ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืงืฉื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื
01:02
took a bath! Or that guitar legend, Jimi Hendrix,
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ื”ืชืจื—ืฅ! ืื• ืื’ื“ืช ื”ื’ื™ื˜ืจื” ื”ื”ื™ื, ื’'ื™ืžื™ ื”ื ื“ืจื™ืงืก,
01:05
once set fire to his guitar on stage!
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ื”ืฆื™ืช ืคืขื ืืช ื”ื’ื™ื˜ืจื” ืฉืœื• ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืžื”!
01:08
Weโ€™ll hear more about the artistโ€™s brain soon,
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ื‘ืงืจื•ื‘ ื ืฉืžืข ืขื•ื“ ืขืœ ืžื•ื—ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืืžืŸ,
01:11
but first I have a question for you. As you said,
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ืื‘ืœ ืงื•ื“ื ื›ืœ ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ืฉืืœื” ืืœื™ืš. ื›ืคื™ ืฉืืžืจืช,
01:14
artistic ability comes naturally to some people,
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ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืืžื ื•ืชื™ืช ื‘ืื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ืœื—ืœืง ืžื”ืื ืฉื™ื,
01:17
including the famous composer,
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ื›ื•ืœืœ ื”ืžืœื—ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืคื•ืจืกื,
01:19
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. Mozart was
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ื•ื•ืœืคื’ื ื’ ืืžื“ืื•ืก ืžื•ืฆืจื˜. ืžื•ืฆืจื˜
01:23
considered a child prodigy - a young child with
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ื ื—ืฉื‘ ืœื™ืœื“ ืคืœื - ื™ืœื“ ืฆืขื™ืจ ืขื
01:26
very great musical talent. So, how old was
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ื›ื™ืฉืจื•ืŸ ืžื•ื–ื™ืงืœื™ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžืื•ื“. ืื– ื‘ืŸ ื›ืžื” ื”ื™ื”
01:29
Mozart when he composed his first
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ืžื•ืฆืจื˜ ื›ืฉื”ืœื—ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ื™ืฆื™ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉืœื•
01:31
piece of music? Was he: a) five years old?
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? ื”ืื ื”ื•ื: ื) ื‘ืŸ ื—ืžืฉ?
01:34
b) ten years old? or, c) fifteen years old?
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ื‘) ื‘ืŸ ืขืฉืจ? ืื•, ื’) ื‘ืŸ ื—ืžืฉ ืขืฉืจื”?
01:37
Iโ€™ll guess he was a) five years old.
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ืื ื™ ืžื ื™ื— ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืŸ ื—ืžืฉ.
01:40
OK, Sam. Iโ€™ll reveal the answer later in the
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ื‘ืกื“ืจ, ืกื. ืืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืื’ืœื” ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš
01:43
programme. If artistsโ€™ brains are different,
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ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช. ืื ื”ืžื•ื— ืฉืœ ืืžื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื”,
01:46
it could mean they see the world in unusual ways.
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ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉื”ื ืจื•ืื™ื ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื™ื•ืฆืื•ืช ื“ื•ืคืŸ.
01:50
Dr Rebecca Chamberlain is a researcher in
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ื“"ืจ ืจื‘ืงื” ืฆ'ืžื‘ืจืœื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื—ื•ืงืจืช
01:53
the neuroscience of art. She investigates how
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ื‘ืžื“ืขื™ ื”ืžื•ื— ืฉืœ ื”ืืžื ื•ืช. ื”ื™ื ื—ื•ืงืจืช ื›ื™ืฆื“
01:56
artists see the objects theyย  are drawing by measuringย 
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ืืžื ื™ื ืจื•ืื™ื ืืช ื”ืื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ืฉื”ื ืžืฆื™ื™ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื“ื™ื“ืช
01:59
saccades โ€“ the rapid movements our eyes make
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ืกืืงืื“ื™ื - ื”ืชื ื•ืขื•ืช ื”ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉื”ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ืขื•ืฉื•ืช
02:02
as they jump from one thing to another. Here she
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ื›ืฉื”ืŸ ืงื•ืคืฆื•ืช ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ื“ ืœืžืฉื ื”ื•. ื›ืืŸ ื”ื™ื
02:05
shares her findings with BBC
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ื—ื•ืœืงืช ืืช ื”ืžืžืฆืื™ื ืฉืœื” ืขื
02:07
World Service programme, CrowdScience.
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ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช BBC World Service, CrowdScience.
02:10
Artists seem to be processing the visual world
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ื ืจืื” ืฉืืžื ื™ื ืžืขื‘ื“ื™ื ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื—ื–ื•ืชื™
02:13
in a different way to non-artists, particularly
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ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืฉื•ื ื” ืžืฉืœ ืœื ืืžื ื™ื, ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“
02:15
when theyโ€™re drawing. The artist actually takes
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ื›ืฉื”ื ืžืฆื™ื™ืจื™ื. ื”ืืžืŸ ืœืžืขืฉื” ื ื•ืงื˜
02:18
a more global approach to looking โ€“ so they
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ื‘ื’ื™ืฉื” ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื”ืกืชื›ืœื•ืช - ืื– ื”ื
02:22
make bigger saccades, bigger eye movements,
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ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืกืืงืื“ื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืชื ื•ืขื•ืช ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ
02:24
and shorter fixations onย  the image. So, itโ€™s almost
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ื•ืงื™ื‘ืขื•ื ื™ื ืงืฆืจื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ ื”ืชืžื•ื ื”. ืื–, ื–ื” ื›ืžืขื˜
02:28
like theyโ€™re getting much more of a kind of
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ื›ืื™ืœื• ื”ื ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืขื™ืŸ
02:31
gist level view of the thing theyโ€™re looking at.
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ื ืงื•ื“ืช ืžื‘ื˜ ืขืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื”ื ืžืกืชื›ืœื™ื ืขืœื™ื•.
02:35
Rebeccaโ€™s experiments seem to confirm that
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ื ืจืื” ืฉื”ื ื™ืกื•ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืจื‘ืงื” ืžืืฉืจื™ื
02:39
artistsโ€™ brains work differently because of their
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ืฉืžื•ื—ื•ืชื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ืืžื ื™ื ืคื•ืขืœื™ื ืื—ืจืช ื‘ื’ืœืœ
02:41
processing of the visual world โ€“ the way
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ื”ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืฉืœื”ื ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื—ื–ื•ืชื™ - ื”ื“ืจืš ืฉื‘ื”
02:44
their brains make sense of information.
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ืžื•ื—ื•ืชื™ื”ื ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข.
02:46
Interestingly, processing also means the act
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ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื• ื’ื ืคืขื•ืœืช
02:50
of developing pictures from photographic film.
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ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ืžืกืจื˜ ืฆื™ืœื•ื.
02:53
When they draw, artists make bigger, quicker
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ื›ืฉื”ื ืžืฆื™ื™ืจื™ื, ืืžื ื™ื ืžื‘ืฆืขื™ื
02:57
eye movements so they are able to see the
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ืชื ื•ืขื•ืช ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ื•ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ืš ืฉื”ื ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช
02:59
whole picture, something also known as
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ื”ืชืžื•ื ื” ื”ืฉืœืžื”, ืžืฉื”ื• ื”ื™ื“ื•ืข ื’ื ื‘ืชื•ืจ
03:01
the gist โ€“ the overall, general impression of
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ื”ืขื™ืงืจ - ื”ืจื•ืฉื ื”ื›ืœืœื™ ื•ื”ื›ืœืœื™ ืฉืœ
03:04
something without focussing on the details.
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ืžืฉื”ื• ืžื‘ืœื™ ืœื”ืชืžืงื“ ื‘ืคืจื˜ื™ื.
03:07
If you โ€˜get the gistโ€™ of what someone is saying,
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ืื ืืชื” 'ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืชืžืฆื™ืช' ืฉืœ ืžื” ืฉืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืื•ืžืจ,
03:10
you understand the overall meaning of what
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ืืชื” ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืฉืœ ืžื”
03:13
they say, but not the details.
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ืฉื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ, ืื‘ืœ ืœื ืืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื.
03:14
The second expert to answer our question
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ื”ืžื•ืžื—ื” ื”ืฉื ื™ ืฉื™ืขื ื” ืขืœ ื”ืฉืืœื” ืฉืœื ื•
03:17
about the artistic brain is Mike, a BBC World
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ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืžื•ื— ื”ืืžื ื•ืชื™ ื”ื•ื ืžื™ื™ืง, ืžืื–ื™ืŸ BBC World
03:20
Service listener from Malawi. Mike is
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Service ืžืžืœืื•ื•ื™. ืžื™ื™ืง ื”ื•ื
03:23
a self-taught painter who creates large,
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ืฆื™ื™ืจ ืื•ื˜ื•ื“ื™ื“ืงื˜ ืฉื™ื•ืฆืจ
03:26
colourful pictures in his studio.
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ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ื•ืฆื‘ืขื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืกื˜ื•ื“ื™ื• ืฉืœื•.
03:27
According to him, artistic ability isnโ€™t something
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ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื•, ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืืžื ื•ืชื™ืช ื”ื™ื ืœื ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื ื•ืœื“ื™ื
03:31
youโ€™re born with - it canย  be learned, as he explained
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ืื™ืชื• - ืืคืฉืจ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืื•ืชื”, ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ
03:34
to BBC World Serviceโ€™s, CrowdScience.
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ืœ-BBC World Service, CrowdScience.
03:38
I had this other studentโ€ฆ he was really
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ื”ื™ื” ืœื™ ืชืœืžื™ื“ ืื—ืจ... ื”ื•ื ื‘ืืžืช ื”ื™ื”
03:40
at the zero, like, he could not draw โ€“ at all.
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ื‘ืืคืก, ื›ืื™ืœื•, ื”ื•ื ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื”ื™ื” ืœืฆื™ื™ืจ - ื‘ื›ืœืœ.
03:43
So, I gave him some tips, and in a month,
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ืื– ื ืชืชื™ ืœื• ื›ืžื” ื˜ื™ืคื™ื, ื•ืชื•ืš ื—ื•ื“ืฉ,
03:46
he was really good โ€“ he was like really surprised,
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ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ืžืžืฉ ื˜ื•ื‘ - ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ืžืžืฉ ืžื•ืคืชืข,
03:48
blown away, he never expected it.
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ืžืคื•ืฆืฅ, ื”ื•ื ืœื ืฆื™ืคื” ืœื–ื”.
03:50
So, there are some things that are trainable,
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ืื–, ื™ืฉ ื›ืžื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœืืžืŸ,
03:53
itโ€™s like a bike. In my case, I learned how to do
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ื–ื” ื›ืžื• ืื•ืคื ื™ื™ื. ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœื™, ืœืžื“ืชื™ ืื™ืš ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช
03:56
those things without anyone telling me,
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ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื‘ืœื™ ืฉืืฃ ืื—ื“ ื™ื’ื™ื“ ืœื™,
03:58
you know like, if you are drawing the face,
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ืืชื” ื™ื•ื“ืข ื›ืื™ืœื•, ืื ืืชื” ืžืฆื™ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืคื ื™ื,
04:01
the human face, the distance between your eyes
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ืืช ื”ืคื ื™ื ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ื•ืช, ื”ืžืจื—ืง ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ืฉืœืš
04:04
is the same as one of your eyes.
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ื–ื”ื” ืœืื—ืช ืžื”ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ืฉืœืš.
04:06
Mike gives tips to his students โ€“ helpful
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ืžื™ื™ืง ื ื•ืชืŸ ื˜ื™ืคื™ื ืœืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื• -
04:09
pieces of advice about how to do something,
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ืขืฆื•ืช ืžื•ืขื™ืœื•ืช ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืื™ืš ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžืฉื”ื•,
04:12
in this case, to paint. After getting Mikeโ€™s
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ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื”ื–ื”, ืœืฆื™ื™ืจ. ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ื˜ื™ืคื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื™ื™ืง
04:15
tips, one of his students really improved and
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, ืื—ื“ ืžืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื• ื‘ืืžืช ื”ืฉืชืคืจ ื•ื”ืชื—ื™ืœ
04:18
started painting much better. Mike was
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ืœืฆื™ื™ืจ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื˜ื•ื‘. ืžื™ื™ืง ื”ื™ื”
04:21
blown away โ€“ an informal way to say very
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ืžืคื•ืฆืฅ - ื“ืจืš ืœื ืจืฉืžื™ืช ืœื•ืžืจ
04:24
impressed or surprised.
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ื”ืชืจืฉื ืžืื•ื“ ืื• ืžื•ืคืชืข.
04:25
Like learning to ride a bike, Mike thinks that
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ื›ืžื• ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืœืจื›ื•ื‘ ืขืœ ืื•ืคื ื™ื™ื, ืžื™ื™ืง ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืืคืฉืจ
04:28
painting is trainable โ€“ a word from American
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ืœืืžืŸ ืืช ื”ืฆื™ื•ืจ - ืžื™ืœื” ืžืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ืช
04:31
English meaning that it can be taught
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ืฉืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื” ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœืœืžื“ ืื•ืชื”
04:33
or trained. For him, this is proof that
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ืื• ืœืืžืŸ ืื•ืชื”. ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืชื•, ื–ื• ื”ื•ื›ื—ื” ืœื›ืš
04:37
artistsโ€™ brains are not so different after all.
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ืฉื”ืžื•ื— ืฉืœ ืืžื ื™ื ืœื ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืฉื•ื ื” ืื—ืจื™ ื”ื›ืœ.
04:40
So, there we have it โ€“ two different options,
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ืื– ื”ื ื” ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืืช ื–ื” - ืฉืชื™ ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช,
04:42
but no final answer to our question.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื™ืŸ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืกื•ืคื™ืช ืœืฉืืœืชื ื•.
04:44
Still, some scientists think there may be
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ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช, ื›ืžื” ืžื“ืขื ื™ื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉืื•ืœื™ ื™ืฉ
04:47
third possibility: everyoneโ€™s brain works
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ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช: ื”ืžื•ื— ืฉืœ ื›ื•ืœื ืคื•ืขืœ
04:50
by focussing on some areas and ignoring others,
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ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืชืžืงื“ื•ืช ื‘ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื ื•ื”ืชืขืœืžื•ืช ืžืื—ืจื™ื,
04:53
making a kind of jigsaw puzzle with
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ื™ื•ืฆืจ ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืคืื–ืœ ืขื
04:55
missing pieces. Maybe all of us โ€“ you, me,
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ื—ืœืงื™ื ื—ืกืจื™ื. ืื•ืœื™ ื›ื•ืœื ื• - ืืชื”, ืื ื™,
04:59
Mozart and Jimi Hendrix - are just filling in
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ืžื•ืฆืจื˜ ื•ื’'ื™ืžื™ ื”ื ื“ืจื™ืงืก - ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืžืฉืœื™ืžื™ื ืืช
05:02
the missing pieces our own way.
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ื”ื—ืœืงื™ื ื”ื—ืกืจื™ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ืฉืœื ื•.
05:04
Speaking of Mozart, Neil, itโ€™s time to reveal
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ืื ื›ื‘ืจ ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ืžื•ืฆืจื˜, ื ื™ืœ, ื”ื’ื™ืข ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืœื—ืฉื•ืฃ
05:07
the answer to your question.
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ืืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืœืฉืืœืชืš.
05:08
Right. I asked how old child prodigy Mozart
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ื™ืžื™ืŸ. ืฉืืœืชื™ ื‘ืŸ ื›ืžื” ื™ืœื“ ื”ืคืœื
05:11
was when he first composed music.
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ื”ื™ื” ืžื•ืฆืจื˜ ื›ืฉื”ืœื—ื™ืŸ ืžื•ื–ื™ืงื” ืœืจืืฉื•ื ื”.
05:14
I said he was five years oldโ€ฆ so, was I right?
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ืืžืจืชื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ืŸ ื—ืžืฉ... ืื– ืฆื“ืงืชื™?
05:17
Your answer was correct! Mozart was five
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ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืฉืœืš ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื ื›ื•ื ื”! ืžื•ืฆืจื˜ ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืŸ ื—ืžืฉ
05:20
when first wrote music, and by the age of six
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ื›ืฉื›ืชื‘ ืžื•ื–ื™ืงื” ืœืจืืฉื•ื ื”, ื•ืขื“ ื’ื™ืœ ืฉืฉ
05:23
he had performed in front of the
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ื”ื•ื ื”ื•ืคื™ืข ืžื•ืœ
05:25
Emperor of Austria โ€“ twice!
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ืงื™ืกืจ ืื•ืกื˜ืจื™ื” - ืคืขืžื™ื™ื!
05:27
Now thereโ€™s an artistic brain!
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื™ืฉ ืžื•ื— ืืžื ื•ืชื™!
05:30
OK, Neil, letโ€™s recap the vocabulary from
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ื‘ืกื“ืจ, ื ื™ืœ, ื‘ื•ื ื ืกื›ื ืืช ืื•ืฆืจ ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื ืžื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช
05:32
this programme, starting with child prodigy -
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ื”ื–ื•, ื”ื—ืœ ืžื™ืœื“ ืคืœื -
05:35
a young child, like Mozart, with
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ื™ืœื“ ืฆืขื™ืจ, ื›ืžื• ืžื•ืฆืจื˜, ืขื
05:37
a great talent in something.
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ื›ื™ืฉืจื•ืŸ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ืžืฉื”ื•.
05:39
Processing describes how your brain
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ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืžืชืืจ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ืžื•ื— ืฉืœืš
05:41
makes sense of the information it receives.
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ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืงื‘ืœ.
05:43
The gist of something is a general
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ืขื™ืงืจื• ืฉืœ ืžืฉื”ื• ื”ื•ื
05:45
understanding of it, without the details.
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ื”ื‘ื ื” ื›ืœืœื™ืช ืฉืœื•, ืœืœื ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื.
05:48
Tips are useful pieces of advice about
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ื˜ื™ืคื™ื ื”ื ืขืฆื•ืช ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื™ื•ืช ืœื’ื‘ื™
05:51
how to do something better.
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ืื™ืš ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžืฉื”ื• ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ.
05:52
If you are blown away, you are very
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ืื ืืชื” ืžืคื•ืฆืฅ, ืืชื” ืžืื•ื“
05:55
impressed or surprised by something.
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ืžืชืจืฉื ืื• ืžื•ืคืชืข ืžืžืฉื”ื•.
05:57
And finally, trainable means able to be
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ื•ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ, ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืืžืŸ ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื• ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ
06:00
trained or taught, in American English.
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ืœืืžืŸ ืื• ืœืœืžื“, ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ืช.
06:02
Once again, our six minutes are up.
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ืฉื•ื‘, ืฉืฉ ื”ื“ืงื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ื ื’ืžืจื•.
06:04
Itโ€™s goodbye for now!
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ื–ื” ืœื”ืชืจืื•ืช ืœืขืช ืขืชื”!
06:05
Goodbye!
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ื”ึฑื™ื” ืฉืœื•ื!
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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