Do you have a right to water? - BBC Learning English

37,543 views ใƒป 2021-10-26

BBC Learning English


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ. ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืžืชื•ืจื’ืžื•ืช ืžืชื•ืจื’ืžื•ืช ื‘ืžื›ื•ื ื”.

00:00
It's one of your most basic needs,
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ื–ื” ืื—ื“ ื”ืฆืจื›ื™ื ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœืš,
00:03
but do you have a right to water?
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื–ื›ื•ืช ืœืžื™ื?
00:06
This episode will show how the law protects something we all need.
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ืคืจืง ื–ื” ื™ืจืื” ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ื—ื•ืง ืžื’ืŸ ืขืœ ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื›ื•ืœื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื.
00:13
Two billion people worldwide don't have access to safe water...
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ืœืฉื ื™ ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืื™ืŸ ื’ื™ืฉื” ืœืžื™ื ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื™ื...
00:18
How the UN wants to change that by 2030...
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ืื™ืš ื”ืื•"ื ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื–ื” ืขื“ 2030...
00:22
And... can you use the law to make sure your community
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ื•... ื”ืื ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื—ื•ืง ื›ื“ื™ ืœื•ื•ื“ื ืฉื”ืงื”ื™ืœื” ืฉืœืš
00:26
is kept supplied with water?
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ืžืกื•ืคืงืช ื‘ืžื™ื?
00:33
We all need water.
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ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืžื™ื.
00:35
So, you'd expect it to be on any list of our basic rights.
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ืื–, ืืชื” ืžืฆืคื” ืฉื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืจืฉื™ืžื” ืฉืœ ื”ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•.
00:40
So, this might surprise you:
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ืื– ื–ื” ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœื”ืคืชื™ืข ืื•ืชืš:
00:43
1948 โ€“ and one of the most important documents
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1948 - ื•ืื—ื“ ื”ืžืกืžื›ื™ื ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ
00:47
in human history is unveiled.
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ื‘ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช ื ื—ืฉืฃ.
00:50
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights
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ื”ื”ืฆื”ืจื” ื”ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกืœื™ืช ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืื“ื
00:53
outlines what we are all entitled to โ€“
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ืžืชืืจืช โ€‹โ€‹ืืช ืžื” ืฉื›ื•ืœื ื• ื–ื›ืื™ื ืœื• -
00:56
things like life, freedom from slavery,
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ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ืžื• ื—ื™ื™ื, ื—ื•ืคืฉ ืžืขื‘ื“ื•ืช,
01:00
freedom to marry. But, oddly, not free access to water.
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ื—ื•ืคืฉ ืœื”ื™ื ืฉื. ืื‘ืœ, ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžื•ื–ืจ, ืœื ื’ื™ืฉื” ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ืช ืœืžื™ื.
01:05
It's thought access to water wasn't included
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ื”ื”ืขืจื›ื” ื”ื™ื ืฉื’ื™ืฉื” ืœืžื™ื ืœื ื ื›ืœืœื”
01:09
because the authors thought it was too obvious.
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ื›ื™ ื”ืžื—ื‘ืจื™ื ื—ืฉื‘ื• ืฉื–ื” ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืžื“ื™.
01:12
However, that was dealt with in 2010,
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ืขื ื–ืืช, ื–ื” ื˜ื•ืคืœ ื‘ืฉื ืช 2010,
01:16
on 28th July of that year, the United Nations General Assembly
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ื‘-28 ื‘ื™ื•ืœื™ ืฉืœ ืื•ืชื” ืฉื ื”, ืขืฆืจืช ื”ืื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืžืื•ื—ื“ื•ืช
01:21
declared safe and clean drinking water and sanitation a human right.
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ื”ื›ืจื™ื–ื” ืขืœ ืžื™ ืฉืชื™ื™ื” ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื™ื ื•ื ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืชื‘ืจื•ืื” ื›ื–ื›ื•ืช ืื“ื.
01:27
They saw that a right to water is essential.
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ื”ื ืจืื• ืฉื–ื›ื•ืช ืœืžื™ื ื”ื™ื ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ืช.
01:31
Without it, you can't actually use all your other basic rights.
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ื‘ืœืขื“ื™ื•, ืื™ื ืš ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืžืขืฉื” ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉืืจ ื”ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื•ืช ืฉืœืš.
01:36
But, in 2019, the United Nations reported
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ืื‘ืœ, ื‘ืฉื ืช 2019, ื”ืื•"ื ื“ื™ื•ื•ื—
01:41
that two billion people still don't have access to water.
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ื›ื™ ืœืฉื ื™ ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืื ืฉื™ื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื’ื™ืฉื” ืœืžื™ื.
01:46
And it's an unfair picture.
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ื•ื–ื• ืชืžื•ื ื” ืœื ื”ื•ื’ื ืช.
01:49
The UN says half of the people who drink water from unsafe sources
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ื”ืื•"ื ืื•ืžืจ ืฉืžื—ืฆื™ืช ืžื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืฉื•ืชื™ื ืžื™ื ืžืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ืœื ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื™ื
01:54
live in Africa.
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ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืืคืจื™ืงื”.
01:56
In Sub-Saharan Africa, only 24% of the population
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ื‘ืืคืจื™ืงื” ืฉืžื“ืจื•ื ืœืกื”ืจื”, ืจืง ืœ-24% ืžื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ื”
02:01
have access to safe drinking water.
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ื™ืฉ ื’ื™ืฉื” ืœืžื™ ืฉืชื™ื™ื” ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื™ื.
02:05
So, what can the law do to help? Let's hear from Amanda Loeffen,
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ืื– ืžื” ื”ื—ื•ืง ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขื–ื•ืจ? ื‘ื•ืื• ืœืฉืžื•ืข ืžืืžื ื“ื” ืœื•ืคืŸ,
02:09
from the campaigning organisation Human Right to Water.
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ืžืืจื’ื•ืŸ ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืื“ื ืœืžื™ื.
02:13
She explains why water has only recently been recognised as a right.
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ื”ื™ื ืžืกื‘ื™ืจื” ืžื“ื•ืข ืจืง ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื” ื”ื•ื›ืจื• ืžื™ื ื›ื–ื›ื•ืช.
02:18
It was never really a problem until, I suppose, in the last century:
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ื–ื• ืืฃ ืคืขื ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื‘ืืžืช ื‘ืขื™ื” ืขื“, ืื ื™ ืžื ื™ื—, ื‘ืžืื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื”:
02:24
there's been more population, more pollution.
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ื™ืฉ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื”, ื™ื•ืชืจ ื–ื™ื”ื•ื.
02:28
Water's no longer automatically available.
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ืžื™ื ื›ื‘ืจ ืœื ื–ืžื™ื ื™ื ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ืช.
02:31
It sometimes has to be sold to you with a cost
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ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืžื›ื•ืจ ืœืš ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ืขืœื•ืช
02:36
and instead of it being a free resource,
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ื•ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžืฉืื‘ ื—ื™ื ื,
02:39
that people could access in their local river or lake,
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ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื’ืฉืช ืืœื™ื• ื‘ื ื”ืจ ืื• ื‘ืื’ื ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ ืฉืœื”ื,
02:43
it's no longer available.
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ื–ื” ื›ื‘ืจ ืœื ื–ืžื™ืŸ.
02:45
So, there became a problem that needed to be dealt with.
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ืื– ื ื•ืฆืจื” ื‘ืขื™ื” ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ื”.
02:49
A right to water wasn't an official right
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ื”ื–ื›ื•ืช ืœืžื™ื ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื–ื›ื•ืช ืจืฉืžื™ืช
02:51
because it wasn't seen as necessary until recently.
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ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื ืœื ื ืชืคืกื” ื›ื”ื›ืจื—ื™ืช ืขื“ ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื”.
02:55
But because of problems caused by rising pollution
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืฉื ื’ืจืžื• ืขืงื‘ ืขืœื™ื™ื” ื‘ื–ื™ื”ื•ื
02:59
and a growing population, it was officially recognised.
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ื•ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ื”, ื”ื™ื ื”ื•ื›ืจื” ืจืฉืžื™ืช.
03:04
Why do we need laws to define and protect our rights at all?
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ืœืžื” ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ื—ื•ืงื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืจ ื•ืœื”ื’ืŸ ืขืœ ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืชื™ื ื• ื‘ื›ืœืœ?
03:08
Well, without a law, there isn't a structure to our society.
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืœืœื ื—ื•ืง, ืื™ืŸ ืžื‘ื ื” ืœื—ื‘ืจื” ืฉืœื ื•.
03:14
You need something to define the...
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ืืชื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืžืฉื”ื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืจ ืืช...
03:17
the fundamental values that we want to protect.
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ื”ืขืจื›ื™ื ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื™ื ืฉืขืœื™ื”ื ืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ื’ืŸ.
03:20
And laws are there to protect our safety
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ื•ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ื ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื’ืŸ ืขืœ ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ื ื ื•
03:23
and guarantee that our rights as citizens
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ื•ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืฉื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืชื™ื ื• ื›ืื–ืจื—ื™ื
03:25
are not violated by other people,
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ืœื ื™ื•ืคืจื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืื ืฉื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื,
03:27
or organisations, or governments.
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ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื ืื• ืžืžืฉืœื•ืช.
03:30
Laws not only protect us from harm,
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ื—ื•ืงื™ื ืœื ืจืง ืžื’ื ื™ื ืขืœื™ื ื• ืžืคื’ื™ืขื”,
03:33
but also define what values we have as a society.
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ืืœื ื’ื ืžื’ื“ื™ืจื™ื ืื™ืœื• ืขืจื›ื™ื ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื›ื—ื‘ืจื”.
03:38
They keep us safe and make us who we are.
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ื”ื ืฉื•ืžืจื™ื ืขืœื™ื ื• ื•ื”ื•ืคื›ื™ื ืื•ืชื ื• ืœืžื™ ืฉืื ื—ื ื•.
03:42
What about our right to water specifically?
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ืžื” ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื–ื›ื•ืชื ื• ืœืžื™ื ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ืช?
03:45
Having the right to water means that the government has to protect,
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ื”ื–ื›ื•ืช ืœืžื™ื ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื” ืฉื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื’ืŸ,
03:50
respect and fulfil your rights.
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ืœื›ื‘ื“ ื•ืœืžืœื ืืช ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืชื™ืš.
03:52
And it guarantees that your basic needs are...
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ื•ื–ื” ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืฉื”ืฆืจื›ื™ื ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื™ื ืฉืœืš
03:56
are met and if not, there'll be some compensation.
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ืžืกื•ืคืงื™ื ื•ืื ืœื, ื™ื”ื™ื” ืคื™ืฆื•ื™ ืžืกื•ื™ื. ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช
04:01
Having a right to water means big organisations,
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ื”ื–ื›ื•ืช ืœืžื™ื ื”ื™ื ืฉืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื,
04:04
like governments or companies, aren't allowed to stop you having it.
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ื›ืžื• ืžืžืฉืœื•ืช ืื• ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช, ืื™ื ื ืจืฉืื™ื ืœืžื ื•ืข ืžืžืš ืืช ื–ื”.
04:10
If they do, you would be compensated in some way.
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ืื ื›ืŸ, ืชืงื‘ืœ ืคื™ืฆื•ื™ ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืฉื”ื™.
04:13
What kinds of laws make sure we get water?
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ืื™ืœื• ืกื•ื’ื™ ื—ื•ืงื™ื ื“ื•ืื’ื™ื ืฉื ืงื‘ืœ ืžื™ื?
04:17
Both hard law and soft law are applicable.
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ื”ืŸ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ืงืฉื” ื•ื”ืŸ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืจืš ื—ืœื™ื.
04:21
Hard law is a term used for a legal document that is binding.
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ื—ื•ืง ืงืฉื™ื— ื”ื•ื ืžื•ื ื— ื”ืžืฉืžืฉ ืœืžืกืžืš ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ื”ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘.
04:27
For example, international law treaties are binding,
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ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”, ืืžื ื•ืช ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ื•ืช ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืช,
04:30
if they've signed them.
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ืื ื”ืŸ ื—ืชืžื• ืขืœื™ื”ืŸ.
04:33
Soft law means that the legal document is not binding
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ืžืฉืคื˜ ืจืš ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื• ืฉื”ืžืกืžืš ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ืื™ื ื• ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘
04:36
and this includes, for example, UN resolutions and declarations.
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ื•ื–ื” ื›ื•ืœืœ, ืœืžืฉืœ, ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ื•ื”ืฆื”ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืื•"ื.
04:42
But soft law is still important as it can help us to interpret a hard law.
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ืื‘ืœ ื—ื•ืง ืจืš ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื ื• ืœืคืจืฉ ื—ื•ืง ืงืฉื”.
04:47
Both hard and soft laws are used.
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ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ืงื™ื ืงืฉื™ื ื•ืจื›ื™ื ื›ืื—ื“.
04:51
Hard laws are things like treaties.
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ื—ื•ืงื™ื ืงืฉื™ื ื”ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ืžื• ืืžื ื•ืช.
04:54
If a country breaks one, it could go to an international court.
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ืื ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืฉื•ื‘ืจืช ืื—ื“, ื”ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืคื ื•ืช ืœื‘ื™ืช ืžืฉืคื˜ ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™.
05:00
Soft laws are used to help us understand and use the hard laws.
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ื—ื•ืงื™ื ืจื›ื™ื ืžืฉืžืฉื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื ื• ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื•ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื—ื•ืงื™ื ื”ืงืฉื™ื.
05:06
But as lots of people don't have water,
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ืื‘ืœ ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื”ืจื‘ื” ืื ืฉื™ื ืื™ืŸ ืžื™ื,
05:10
does having a right to water really make a difference?
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ื”ืื ื”ื–ื›ื•ืช ืœืžื™ื ื‘ืืžืช ืžืฉื ื”?
05:14
Yeah, it makes a massive difference.
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ื›ืŸ, ื–ื” ืขื•ืฉื” ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ืขืฆื•ื.
05:17
The right makes the state accountable and brings awareness to the issues
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ื”ื™ืžื™ืŸ ื’ื•ืจื ืœืžื“ื™ื ื” ืœืชืช ื“ื™ืŸ ื•ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื•ืžื‘ื™ื ืœืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืœื ื•ืฉืื™ื
05:22
and encourages progressive realisation of the right to water.
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ื•ืžืขื•ื“ื“ ืžื™ืžื•ืฉ ืžืชืงื“ื ืฉืœ ื”ื–ื›ื•ืช ืœืžื™ื.
05:27
And for many people, once they realise that it is their right,
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ื•ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืื ืฉื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื, ื‘ืจื’ืข ืฉื”ื ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ืฉื–ื• ื–ื›ื•ืชื, ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื
05:31
they then have the option to do something about it
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ืืช ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžืฉื”ื• ื‘ื ื™ื“ื•ืŸ
05:33
and seek the advice of their local authority,
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ื•ืœืคื ื•ืช ืœื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ ืฉืœ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช ืฉืœื”ื,
05:36
their ombudsman, or water service provider.
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ื”ื™ื•ืขืž"ืฉ ืฉืœื”ื ืื• ืกืคืง ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื”ืžื™ื.
05:39
Having a right to water makes a big difference.
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ื”ื–ื›ื•ืช ืœืžื™ื ืขื•ืฉื” ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื’ื“ื•ืœ.
05:43
It makes people aware that they should have water
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ื–ื” ื’ื•ืจื ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื“ืขื™ื ืœื›ืš ืฉื”ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœ ืžื™ื
05:47
and that they can get help.
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ื•ืฉื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœ ืขื–ืจื”.
05:50
And it encourages them to go and get that help.
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ื•ื–ื” ืžืขื•ื“ื“ ืื•ืชื ืœืœื›ืช ื•ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ืขื–ืจื” ื”ื–ื•.
05:54
Amanda showed us how the fact we now have a right to water
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ืืžื ื“ื” ื”ืจืืชื” ืœื ื• ืื™ืš ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื–ื›ื•ืช ืœืžื™ื
05:58
means the international community thinks it's vital for everyone.
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ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื” ืฉื”ืงื”ื™ืœื” ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉื–ื” ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ ืœื›ื•ืœื.
06:03
She also explained how having a right can encourage you
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ื”ื™ื ื’ื ื”ืกื‘ื™ืจื” ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ื–ื›ื•ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืขื•ื“ื“ ืื•ืชืš
06:07
to fight for what you need to survive.
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ืœื”ื™ืœื—ื ืขืœ ืžื” ืฉืืชื” ืฆืจื™ืš ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืจื•ื“.
06:10
As water is so important,
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ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืžื™ื ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื,
06:12
how can we help those who are struggling to get it?
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ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœืžื™ ืฉืžืชืงืฉื” ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืื•ืชื?
06:16
Seventeen-year-old Joyce is on a mission
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ื’'ื•ื™ืก ื‘ืช ื”-17 ื‘ืžืฉื™ืžื”
06:19
to make clean water accessible for people in Rwanda.
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ืœื”ื ื’ื™ืฉ ืžื™ื ื ืงื™ื™ื ืœืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืจื•ืื ื“ื”. ืžืขื•ืœื
06:23
We never had taps because we have water nearby our home,
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ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืœื ื• ื‘ืจื–ื™ื ื›ื™ ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืžื™ื ืœื™ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืœื ื•,
06:26
so it's not hard work.
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ืื– ื–ื• ืœื ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืงืฉื”.
06:28
We use small jerry cans to collect as much water as possible
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ืื ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืคื—ื™ื•ืช ื’'ืจื™ ืงื˜ื ื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœืืกื•ืฃ ื›ืžื” ืฉื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื™ื
06:31
and put them in the big ones.
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ื•ืœื”ื›ื ื™ืก ืื•ืชื ืœื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื.
06:34
She is president of her school's WASH club,
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ื”ื™ื ื ืฉื™ืืช ืžื•ืขื“ื•ืŸ ื”-WASH ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ืฉืœื”,
06:38
which tries to increase awareness of water and sanitation issues.
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ืฉืžื ืกื” ืœื”ื’ื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืœื ื•ืฉืื™ ืžื™ื ื•ืชื‘ืจื•ืื”.
06:43
She wants to find out what the barriers to clean water are
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ื”ื™ื ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื‘ืจืจ ืžื”ื ื”ื—ืกืžื™ื ื‘ืคื ื™ ืžื™ื ื ืงื™ื™ื
06:47
and whether they can be resolved.
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ื•ื”ืื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืคืชื•ืจ ืื•ืชื.
06:50
Water from ponds and marshes can be dirty
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ืžื™ื ืžื‘ืจื™ื›ื•ืช ื•ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืช ืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืœื•ื›ืœื›ื™ื
06:54
and dangerous to collect.
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ื•ืžืกื•ื›ื ื™ื ืœืื™ืกื•ืฃ.
06:56
A young boy drowned at this pond while collecting water.
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ื™ืœื“ ืฆืขื™ืจ ื˜ื‘ืข ื‘ื‘ืจื™ื›ื” ื”ื–ื• ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืืกืฃ ืžื™ื.
07:01
Without safe access to clean water,
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ืœืœื ื’ื™ืฉื” ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื” ืœืžื™ื ื ืงื™ื™ื,
07:04
lives are put at risk.
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ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืกื›ื ื”.
07:07
Joyce meets Gisele Umuhumuza,
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ื’'ื•ื™ืก ืคื•ื’ืฉืช ืืช ื’'ื™ื–ืœ ืื•ืžื•ื”ื•ืžื•ื–ื”,
07:09
from the government-owned Water and Sanitation Corporation.
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ืžืชืื’ื™ื“ ื”ืžื™ื ื•ื”ืชื‘ืจื•ืื” ืฉื‘ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœื”.
07:13
We try to target those that are very far,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื ืกื™ื ืœื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืœืืœื• ืฉื”ื ืžืื•ื“ ืจื—ื•ืงื™ื,
07:17
those that are in the most need,
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ืœืืœื” ืฉื”ื›ื™ ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ืœื”ื,
07:19
those areas where we have settlements that don't have water.
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ืœืื•ืชื ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ืžื™ื.
07:24
We aim that by 2024, people residing in urban areas
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ืื ื• ืฉื•ืืคื™ื ืฉืขื“ 2024, ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืžืชื’ื•ืจืจื™ื ื‘ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ื™ื
07:29
get clean water within 200 metres,
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ื™ืงื‘ืœื• ืžื™ื ื ืงื™ื™ื ื‘ื˜ื•ื•ื— ืฉืœ 200 ืžื˜ืจ,
07:32
whereas in the rural areas they get water in 500 metres.
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ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉื‘ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ื”ื›ืคืจื™ื™ื ื”ื ื™ืงื‘ืœื• ืžื™ื ื‘-500 ืžื˜ืจ.
07:38
That's our aim by 2024.
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ื–ื• ื”ืžื˜ืจื” ืฉืœื ื• ืขื“ 2024.
07:41
So, how can the international community help them hit that target?
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ืื– ืื™ืš ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื” ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื”ื ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื™ืขื“ ื”ื–ื”?
07:46
The UN wants access to clean water for all by 2030.
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ื”ืื•"ื ืจื•ืฆื” ื’ื™ืฉื” ืœืžื™ื ื ืงื™ื™ื ืœื›ื•ืœื ืขื“ 2030.
07:52
How can the law help us get there?
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ืื™ืš ื”ื—ื•ืง ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื ื• ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืฉื?
07:55
Here's Dr Paul Orengoh, from the African Ministers Council on Water.
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ื”ื ื” ื“"ืจ ืคื•ืœ ืื•ืจื ื’ื”, ืžืžื•ืขืฆืช ื”ืฉืจื™ื ื”ืืคืจื™ืงืื™ื ืœืžื™ื. ื“ืจื•ืฉ
08:00
A new policy regime is needed in many countries โ€“
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ืžืฉื˜ืจ ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช -
08:03
actually both developed... developed countries
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ืœืžืขืฉื” ื”ืŸ ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืžืคื•ืชื—ื•ืช... ืžืคื•ืชื—ื•ืช
08:06
and non-developed countries โ€“ at all levels,
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ื•ื”ืŸ ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืœื ืžืคื•ืชื—ื•ืช - ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืจืžื•ืช,
08:09
to accelerate access to clean water.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืื™ืฅ ืืช ื”ื’ื™ืฉื” ืœืžื™ื ื ืงื™ื™ื.
08:11
But of course, even beyond national level,
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ื’ื ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืจืžื” ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ืช,
08:15
there are some level of interventions at the global level
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ื™ืฉ ืจืžื” ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช ืฉืœ ื”ืชืขืจื‘ื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืจืžื” ื”ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืช
08:18
and at the regional level,
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ื•ื‘ืจืžื” ื”ืื–ื•ืจื™ืช,
08:20
which may include increasing sector financing and support,
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ืฉืขืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื›ืœื•ืœ ื”ื’ื“ืœืช ืžื™ืžื•ืŸ ื•ืชืžื™ื›ื” ืœืžื’ื–ืจ,
08:25
both in terms of money โ€“ aid for development โ€“
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ื”ืŸ ื‘ืžื•ื ื—ื™ื ืฉืœ ื›ืกืฃ - ืกื™ื•ืข ืœืคื™ืชื•ื— -
08:28
but also in terms of technology.
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ืื‘ืœ ื’ื ื‘ืžื•ื ื—ื™ื ืฉืœ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”. .
08:30
Paul thinks new policies from governments are needed
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ืคื•ืœ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื ื“ืจืฉื•ืช ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื” ืžืžืžืฉืœื•ืช
08:33
to support international law,
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืชืžื•ืš ื‘ื—ื•ืง ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™,
08:36
and more money is needed at a global level,
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ื•ื™ืฉ ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ืขื•ื“ ื›ืกืฃ ื‘ืจืžื” ื”ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืช,
08:39
but also at a national level.
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ืืš ื’ื ื‘ืจืžื” ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ืช.
08:42
What's preventing laws and agreements on water from being followed?
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ืžื” ืžื•ื ืข ืืช ืงื™ื•ื ื—ื•ืงื™ื ื•ื”ืกื›ืžื™ื ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ืžื™ื?
08:48
Political commitments and arguments are just but that:
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ื”ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ื™ื•ืช ื•ื˜ื™ืขื•ื ื™ื ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ื™ื ื”ื ืจืง ื–ื”:
08:51
they're just political arguments and commitments.
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ื”ื ืจืง ื˜ื™ืขื•ื ื™ื ื•ื”ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ื™ื•ืช ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ื•ืช.
08:55
In most instances, they do not come with a legal force,
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ื‘ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืžืงืจื™ื, ื”ื ืื™ื ื ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืขื ื›ื•ื— ืžืฉืคื˜ื™,
08:59
so they all depend on political goodwill;
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ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื›ื•ืœื ืชืœื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™;
09:02
while on the other hand, laws,
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ื•ืื™ืœื• ืžืฆื“ ืฉื ื™, ื—ื•ืงื™ื,
09:04
especially those dealing with access to water,
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ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืืœื” ื”ืขื•ืกืงื™ื ื‘ื’ื™ืฉื” ืœืžื™ื,
09:06
requires firm political will to... to enforce.
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ื“ื•ืจืฉื™ื ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ ืžื•ืฆืง ืœ... ืœืื›ื•ืฃ.
09:10
So, without sufficient political will,
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ืœื›ืŸ, ืœืœื ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ ืžืกืคื™ืง,
09:12
the instruments created to enforce laws related to access to water
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ื”ื›ืœื™ื ืฉื ื•ืฆืจื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœืื›ื•ืฃ ื—ื•ืงื™ื ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืœื’ื™ืฉื” ืœืžื™ื
09:16
simply goes dormant, as they lack the teeth to bite.
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ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืจื“ื•ืžื™ื, ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ืฉื™ื ื™ื™ื ืœื ืฉื•ืš.
09:20
For water laws to actually have an impact on people's lives,
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ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื—ื•ืงื™ ื”ืžื™ื ื™ืฉืคื™ืขื• ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ืขืœ ื—ื™ื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื,
09:24
local politicians need to act to make sure they're followed;
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ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงืื™ื ืžืงื•ืžื™ื™ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืคืขื•ืœ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื•ื•ื“ื ืฉื”ื ื™ืชื‘ืฆืขื•;
09:29
otherwise the law is meaningless.
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ืื—ืจืช ื”ื—ื•ืง ื—ืกืจ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช.
09:32
Could international law help you get access to water?
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ื”ืื ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœืš ืœืงื‘ืœ ื’ื™ืฉื” ืœืžื™ื?
09:36
The international law only provides for trans-boundary โ€“
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ื”ื—ื•ืง ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ ืงื•ื‘ืข ืจืง ืžื™ื ื—ื•ืฆื™ ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช -
09:41
or water of transnational nature:
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ืื• ืžื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ืื•ืคื™ ื—ื•ืฆื” ืœืื•ืžื™:
09:45
water that is shared by more than two or more countries.
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ืžื™ื ื”ืžืฉื•ืชืคื™ื ืœื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืฉืชื™ ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืื• ื™ื•ืชืจ.
09:50
So, in the case of water access within a given country,
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ืœื›ืŸ, ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœ ื’ื™ืฉื” ืœืžื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืš ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื ืชื•ื ื”,
09:55
then one would have to just consult the national laws that exist,
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ื™ื”ื™ื” ืฆื•ืจืš ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœื”ืชื™ื™ืขืฅ ืขื ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ื ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ื™ื ื”ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื,
10:01
and institutions that are created by law
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ื•ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ืฉื ื•ืฆืจื• ื‘ื—ื•ืง
10:04
to safeguard the human interest to water.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจืก ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ ืœืžื™ื.
10:08
Most international laws cover transnational disputes:
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ืจื•ื‘ ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ื ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ื™ื ืžื›ืกื™ื ืกื›ืกื•ื›ื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ-ืœืื•ืžื™ื™ื:
10:13
water disputes between two countries.
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ืกื›ืกื•ื›ื™ ืžื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืชื™ ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช.
10:16
To get water in your own country,
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืžื™ื ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืฉืœืš,
10:18
you mostly have to rely on your own country's national laws.
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ืืชื” ืฆืจื™ืš ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืœื”ืกืชืžืš ืขืœ ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ื ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืฉืœืš.
10:23
What can you do to help people without water
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ืžื” ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืœื™ ืžื™ื
10:26
if you're far away from where they are?
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ืื ืืชื” ืจื—ื•ืง ืžื”ืžืงื•ื ืฉื‘ื• ื”ื ื ืžืฆืื™ื?
10:29
One of those opportunities I'll point very easily โ€“
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ืื—ืช ื”ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืืœื” ืฉืืฆื‘ื™ืข ื‘ืงืœื•ืช ืจื‘ื” -
10:33
is using the available platforms,
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ื”ื™ื ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืคืœื˜ืคื•ืจืžื•ืช ื”ื–ืžื™ื ื•ืช,
10:37
like social media platforms,
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ื›ืžื• ืคืœื˜ืคื•ืจืžื•ืช ืžื“ื™ื” ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช,
10:39
around specific dialogue issues,
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ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื ื•ืฉืื™ ื“ื™ืืœื•ื’ ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ื™ื,
10:43
either during the World Water Day or during specific, you know...
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ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื™ื•ื ื”ืžื™ื ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ ืื• ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™, ืืชื” ื™ื•ื“ืข...
10:47
International Groundwater Day, or something like that.
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ื™ื•ื ืžื™ ื”ืชื”ื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™, ืื• ืžืฉื”ื• ื›ื–ื” .
10:50
You can create pressure to help people in need by using social media.
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ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืœื—ืฅ ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืžืฆื•ืงื” ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืžื“ื™ื” ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช.
10:55
You could talk about specific initiatives
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ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื™ื•ื–ืžื•ืช ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ื•ืช
10:58
like Groundwater Day or World Water Day.
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ื›ืžื• ื™ื•ื ืžื™ ื”ืชื”ื•ื ืื• ื™ื•ื ื”ืžื™ื ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™.
11:02
We've seen how water is now viewed as one of your basic rights,
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ืจืื™ื ื• ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืžื™ื ื ืชืคืกื™ื ื›ืขืช ื›ืื—ืช ื”ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื•ืช ืฉืœืš,
11:07
but that politicians need to work to make sure you get the water you need.
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ืื‘ืœ ืฉืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงืื™ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื•ื•ื“ื ืฉืืชื” ืžืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ืžื™ื ืฉืืชื” ืฆืจื™ืš.
11:12
We've also seen that campaigners, like Amanda and Joyce,
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ืจืื™ื ื• ื’ื ืฉืื ืฉื™ ืงืžืคื™ื™ืŸ, ื›ืžื• ืืžื ื“ื” ื•ื’'ื•ื™ืก,
11:16
are doing everything they can to make that happen.
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ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื›ืœ ืฉื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื–ื” ื™ืงืจื”.
11:20
The law isn't just written on paper;
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ื”ื—ื•ืง ืœื ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืจืง ืขืœ ื ื™ื™ืจ;
11:22
it needs people to make it real.
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ื–ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืื ืฉื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ืืžื™ืชื™.
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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