Austria - Lockdown for unvaccinated: BBC News Review

90,756 views ใƒป 2021-11-16

BBC Learning English


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ. ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืžืชื•ืจื’ืžื•ืช ืžืชื•ืจื’ืžื•ืช ื‘ืžื›ื•ื ื”.

00:00
Austria orders nationwide lockdown for unvaccinated people.
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ืื•ืกื˜ืจื™ื” ืžื•ืจื” ืขืœ ืกื’ื™ืจื” ืืจืฆื™ืช ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืื ืฉื™ื ืœื ืžื—ื•ืกื ื™ื.
00:05
This is News Review from BBC Learning English.
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ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืกืงื™ืจืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืฉืœ BBC Learning English.
00:09
I'm Rob and joining me today is Neil. Hi Neil.
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ืื ื™ ืจื•ื‘ ื•ืžืฆื˜ืจืฃ ืืœื™ ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ื•ื ื ื™ืœ. ื”ื™ื™ ื ื™ืœ.
00:13
Hello Rob. Hello everybody.
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ืฉืœื•ื ืจื•ื‘. ืฉืœื•ื ืœื›ื•ืœื.
00:15
If you want to test yourself on the vocabulary in this programme,
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ืื ืืชื” ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืืช ืขืฆืžืš ืขืœ ืื•ืฆืจ ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื–ื•,
00:18
there is a quiz on our website at bbclearningenglish.com.
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ื™ืฉ ื—ื™ื“ื•ืŸ ื‘ืืชืจ ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ื›ืชื•ื‘ืช bbclearningenglish.com.
00:22
But now, let's find out some more about the story from this BBC News bulletin:
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ืื‘ืœ ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื‘ื•ืื• ื ื’ืœื” ืขื•ื“ ืงืฆืช ืขืœ ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืžืชื•ืš ืขืœื•ืŸ ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื”-BBC ื”ื–ื”:
00:49
OK. As you have just heard, there has been a large increase
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ื‘ืกื“ืจ. ื›ืคื™ ืฉืฉืžืขืชื ื–ื” ืขืชื”, ื—ืœื” ืขืœื™ื™ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื”
00:53
in the number of people infected with Covid-19 in Austria
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ื‘ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื ื“ื‘ืงื• ื‘-Covid-19 ื‘ืื•ืกื˜ืจื™ื”
00:57
and the government has responded by a lockdown,
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ื•ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื”ื’ื™ื‘ื” ื‘ื ืขื™ืœื”,
01:03
but only for people who haven't had a Covid-19 vaccination.
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ืื‘ืœ ืจืง ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืœื ืขื‘ืจื• ื—ื™ืกื•ืŸ ืœ-Covid-19.
01:08
This is the first government in the world to take such action.
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ื–ื• ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืฉื ื•ืงื˜ืช ืคืขื•ืœื” ื›ื–ื•.
01:12
So, if you haven't had a vaccination, you have to stay at home
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ืœื›ืŸ, ืื ืœื ืงื™ื‘ืœืช ื—ื™ืกื•ืŸ, ืืชื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ืฉืืจ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช
01:17
and you can't go out except for work or to buy food.
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ื•ืืชื” ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฆืืช ืžืœื‘ื“ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืื• ืœืงื ื•ืช ืื•ื›ืœ.
01:21
The rate of vaccination in Austria is actually quite low
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ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ื—ื™ืกื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืื•ืกื˜ืจื™ื” ื”ื•ื ืœืžืขืฉื” ื“ื™ ื ืžื•ืš
01:25
compared to the rest of Western Europe, at around 65%.
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ื‘ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” ืœืฉืืจ ืžืขืจื‘ ืื™ืจื•ืคื”, ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืช 65%. ื•ื™ืฉ
01:30
And we've got three words and expressions
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ืœื ื• ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืžื™ืœื™ื ื•ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ื™ื
01:33
we can use to talk about this story. What are they please, Neil?
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ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื”ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื–ื”. ืžื” ื”ื ื‘ื‘ืงืฉื”, ื ื™ืœ?
01:36
Yes, we have 'surge', 'plunges' and 'on the cards'.
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ื›ืŸ, ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• 'ื ื—ืฉื•ืœ', 'ืฆืœื™ืœื•ืช' ื•'ืขืœ ื”ืงืœืคื™ื'.
01:42
So, that's 'surge', 'plunges' and 'on the cards'.
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ืื–, ื–ื” 'ื ื—ืฉื•ืœ', 'ืฆืœื™ืœื•ืช' ื•'ืขืœ ื”ืงืœืคื™ื'.
01:47
And these words come from news headlines.
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ื•ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืžื’ื™ืขื•ืช ืžื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช.
01:49
What is your first headline please?
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ืžื” ื”ื›ื•ืชืจืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉืœืš ื‘ื‘ืงืฉื”?
01:51
First headline comes from the Independent,
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ื”ื›ื•ืชืจืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžื’ื™ืขื” ืžื”ืื™ื ื“ื™ืคื ื“ื ื˜,
01:54
which is a British newspaper, and it reads:
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ืฉื”ื•ื ืขื™ืชื•ืŸ ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื™, ื•ื‘ื” ื ื›ืชื‘:
02:08
OK. That's 'surge' โ€“ increase suddenly.
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ื‘ืกื“ืจ. ื–ื” 'ื ื—ืฉื•ืœ' - ื’ื“ืœ ืคืชืื•ื.
02:12
Yes, spelt: S-U-R-G-E.
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ื›ืŸ, ื›ื•ืกืžื™ืŸ: S-U-R-G-E.
02:16
The word in this headline is a verb
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ื”ืžื™ืœื” ื‘ื›ื•ืชืจืช ื–ื• ื”ื™ื ืคื•ืขืœ
02:20
and if something 'surges', it means
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ื•ืื ืžืฉื”ื• 'ืžื–ื ืง', ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ
02:22
there is a sudden, dramatic increase of some kind.
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ืฉื™ืฉ ืขืœื™ื™ื” ืคืชืื•ืžื™ืช ื•ื“ืจืžื˜ื™ืช ื›ืœืฉื”ื™.
02:27
So, for example, in this headline
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ื›ืš, ืœืžืฉืœ, ื‘ื›ื•ืชืจืช ื–ื•
02:29
it's the increase in the number of people infected with an illness.
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ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืขืœื™ื™ื” ื‘ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื ื“ื‘ืงื• ื‘ืžื—ืœื”.
02:35
Are we just talking about Covid and viruses when we talk about a 'surge'?
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ื”ืื ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืจืง ืขืœ ืงื•ื‘ื™ื“ ื•ื•ื™ืจื•ืกื™ื ื›ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ 'ื ื—ืฉื•ืœ'?
02:40
No, when something 'surges', it's not just about illnesses.
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ืœื, ื›ืฉืžืฉื”ื• 'ืžื–ื ืง', ื–ื” ืœื ืงืฉื•ืจ ืจืง ืœืžื—ืœื•ืช.
02:44
For example, groups of people or crowds can 'surge'.
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ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”, ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ืื• ื”ืžื•ื ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื 'ืœื–ื ืง'.
02:48
Most people have had that experience of being at a large sporting event
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ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื—ื•ื• ืืช ื”ื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ื”ื–ื• ืฉืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื™ืจื•ืข ืกืคื•ืจื˜ ื’ื“ื•ืœ
02:53
or a concert when the doors open and people rush through:
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ืื• ืงื•ื ืฆืจื˜ ื›ืฉื”ื“ืœืชื•ืช ื ืคืชื—ื•ืช ื•ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืžื”ืจื™ื ื“ืจื›ื•:
02:57
that is a crowd 'surging', often with dangerous โ€“
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ื–ื”ื• ืงื”ืœ ืฉ'ื–ื ืง', ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืขื ื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืช ืžืกื•ื›ื ื•ืช -
03:02
sometimes with dangerous consequences,
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ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืขื ื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืช ืžืกื•ื›ื ื•ืช,
03:05
as we saw tragically in the United States recently,
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ื›ืคื™ ืฉืจืื™ื ื• ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื˜ืจื’ื™ ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื”,
03:09
but there's this sense of there being a lot of something
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ืื‘ืœ ื™ืฉ ืชื—ื•ืฉื” ืฉื™ืฉ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืฉื”ื•
03:13
going through suddenly โ€“ through...
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ืฉืขื•ื‘ืจ ืคืชืื•ื - ื“ืจืš...
03:17
through an area, or through a population in the case of Covid infection.
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ื“ืจืš ืื–ื•ืจ, ืื• ื“ืจืš ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ื” ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื“ื‘ืงื•ืช ื‘ืงื•ื‘ื™ื“.
03:23
And we've got to be careful because we have a verb form
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ื•ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื”ื™ื–ื”ืจ ื›ื™ ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืฆื•ืจืช ืคื•ืขืœ
03:25
and a noun form of this word; is that right?
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ื•ืฆื•ืจืช ืขืฆื ืฉืœ ื”ืžื™ืœื” ื”ื–ื•; ื”ืื ื–ื” ื ื›ื•ืŸ?
03:28
That's right. So, in the headline it's a verb,
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ื–ื” ื ื›ื•ืŸ. ืื–, ื‘ื›ื•ืชืจืช ื–ื” ืคื•ืขืœ,
03:30
but we can also use the word 'surge' as a noun: 'a surge'.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื’ื ื‘ืžื™ืœื” 'ื ื—ืฉื•ืœ' ื›ืฉื ืขืฆื: 'ื ื—ืฉื•ืœ'.
03:35
So, there has been 'a surge' in Covid cases in Austria.
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ืื– ื—ืœื” 'ืขืœื™ื™ื”' ื‘ืžืงืจื™ ืงื•ื‘ื™ื“ ื‘ืื•ืกื˜ืจื™ื”.
03:40
We can talk about 'a surge' at a football match or at a concert,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ 'ื ื—ืฉื•ืœ' ื‘ืžืฉื—ืง ื›ื“ื•ืจื’ืœ ืื• ื‘ื”ื•ืคืขื”,
03:45
when lots of people move in the same direction at the same time.
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ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืื ืฉื™ื ื ืขื™ื ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื–ืžืŸ.
03:50
We can also talk about a 'power surge', can't we?
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ืืคืฉืจ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ื’ื ืขืœ 'ื ื—ืฉื•ืœ ืžืชื—', ืœื?
03:53
Yeah, a power surge is when too much electricity travels through the system โ€“
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ื›ืŸ, ื ื—ืฉื•ืœ ืžืชื— ื”ื•ื ื›ืืฉืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื“ื™ ื—ืฉืžืœ ืขื•ื‘ืจ ื“ืจืš ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช -
03:58
the network โ€“ often again, just like the crowd 'surge',
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ื”ืจืฉืช - ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื•ื‘, ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื›ืžื• 'ื ื—ืฉื•ืœ' ื”ื”ืžื•ืŸ,
04:02
with potentially dangerous or negative consequences.
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ืขื ื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืช ืฉืขืœื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืกื•ื›ื ื•ืช ืื• ืฉืœื™ืœื™ื•ืช.
04:05
It could overpower a building, for example,
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ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื’ื‘ื•ืจ ืขืœ ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ, ืœืžืฉืœ,
04:08
and you can end up with a power cut or damage to some of the...
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ื•ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืกืชื™ื™ื ืขื ื”ืคืกืงืช ื—ืฉืžืœ ืื• ื ื–ืง ืœื—ืœืง
04:13
some of the gadgets and equipment.
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ืžื”ื’ืื“ื’'ื˜ื™ื ื•ื”ืฆื™ื•ื“.
04:17
And also I've heard in economic terms a 'surge' in house prices,
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ื•ื’ื ืฉืžืขืชื™ ื‘ืžื•ื ื—ื™ื ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื™ื 'ื–ื™ื ื•ืง' ื‘ืžื—ื™ืจื™ ื”ื“ื™ืจื•ืช,
04:22
when house prices increase quite quickly, quite suddenly.
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ื›ืืฉืจ ืžื—ื™ืจื™ ื”ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ืขื•ืœื™ื ื“ื™ ืžื”ืจ, ื“ื™ ืคืชืื•ื.
04:26
Yeah, and again that is to do with sudden, dramatic increases.
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ื›ืŸ, ื•ืฉื•ื‘ ื–ื” ืงืฉื•ืจ ืœืขืœื™ื•ืช ืคืชืื•ืžื™ื•ืช ื•ื“ืจืžื˜ื™ื•ืช.
04:31
And the word itself contains an element of drama,
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ื•ื”ืžื™ืœื” ืขืฆืžื” ืžื›ื™ืœื” ืืœืžื ื˜ ืฉืœ ื“ืจืžื”,
04:35
so of course headline writers like to use these types of words
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ืื– ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉื›ื•ืชื‘ื™ ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืžื™ืœื™ื ืžืกื•ื’ ื–ื”,
04:39
because, you know, it's not possible to have an undramatic 'surge'.
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ื›ื™, ืืชื” ื™ื•ื“ืข, ืœื ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” 'ื ื—ืฉื•ืœ' ืœื ื“ืจืžื˜ื™.
04:43
There is drama inherent in the word 'surge'.
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ื™ืฉ ื“ืจืžื” ื”ื˜ื‘ื•ืขื” ื‘ืžื™ืœื” 'ื ื—ืฉื•ืœ'.
04:47
Very true. OK. Thanks for that.
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ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืžืื•ื“. ื‘ืกื“ืจ. ืชื•ื“ื” ืขืœ ื–ื”.
04:50
Let's have a summary of that word.
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ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืขืฉื” ืกื™ื›ื•ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžื™ืœื” ื”ื–ื•.
04:52
Yeah.
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ื›ึผึตืŸ.
05:02
Of course, we've talked quite a bit about Covid here
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ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ื“ื™ื‘ืจื ื• ืœื ืžืขื˜ ืขืœ ืงื•ื‘ื™ื“ ื›ืืŸ
05:05
on News Review and in our other programmes,
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ื‘-News Review ื•ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืื—ืจื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•,
05:08
and last year we made a programme, 6 Minute English,
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ื•ื‘ืฉื ื” ืฉืขื‘ืจื” ื”ื›ื ื• ืชื›ื ื™ืช, 6 ื“ืงื•ืช ืื ื’ืœื™ืช,
05:10
all about: 'Will Covid change our cities?' It's an interesting listen.
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ืฉื›ื•ืœื”: 'ื”ืื ืงื•ื‘ื™ื“ ื™ืฉื ื” ืืช ื”ืขืจื™ื ืฉืœื ื•?' ื–ื• ื”ืื–ื ื” ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ืช.
05:15
Where can people watch and listen to it, Neil?
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ืื™ืคื” ืื ืฉื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฆืคื•ืช ื•ืœื”ืงืฉื™ื‘ ืœื•, ื ื™ืœ?
05:18
Yeah, it's really fascinating โ€“ this idea that a disease
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ื›ืŸ, ื–ื” ื‘ืืžืช ืžืจืชืง - ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื” ืฉืžื—ืœื”
05:21
can change the way our cities look.
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ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ืื™ืš ืฉื”ืขืจื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ื ืจืื•ืช.
05:23
All you have to do is click on the link below.
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ื›ืœ ืฉืขืœื™ื›ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื”ื•ื ืœืœื—ื•ืฅ ืขืœ ื”ืงื™ืฉื•ืจ ืœืžื˜ื”.
05:27
Down below. OK. Fantastic.
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ืฉื ืœืžื˜ื”. ื‘ืกื“ืจ. ืคึทื ื˜ึทืกื˜ึดื™.
05:29
OK. Let's have a look at your next headline please.
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ื‘ืกื“ืจ. ื‘ื•ื ื ืกืชื›ืœ ื‘ื‘ืงืฉื” ืขืœ ื”ื›ื•ืชืจืช ื”ื‘ืื” ืฉืœืš.
05:32
Yes. The next headline comes from the Evening Standard,
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ื›ืŸ. ื”ื›ื•ืชืจืช ื”ื‘ืื” ืžื’ื™ืขื” ืžื”-Evening Standard,
05:36
which is from the UK โ€“ a London-based newspaper โ€“
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ืฉืžืงื•ืจื• ื‘ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื” - ืขื™ืชื•ืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื ื“ื•ืŸ -
05:39
and the headline is:
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ื•ื”ื›ื•ืชืจืช ื”ื™ื:
05:47
That's 'plunges' โ€“ moves quickly into something.
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ื–ื” 'ืฆื•ืœืœ' - ืขื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืœืžืฉื”ื•.
05:51
Yes, that's 'plunges': P-L-U-N-G-E-S.
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ื›ืŸ, ื–ื” 'ืฆืœื™ืœื•ืช': P-L-U-N-G-E-S.
05:57
A verb again here, 'plunges',
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ืคื•ืขืœ ืฉื•ื‘ ื›ืืŸ, 'ืฆื•ืœืœ',
06:00
and as you say, Rob, it means something moving from one place
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ื•ื›ืžื• ืฉืืชื” ืื•ืžืจ, ืจื•ื‘, ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืฉืžืฉื”ื• ื ืข ืžืžืงื•ื
06:05
to another, usually downward.
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ืœืžืงื•ื, ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื›ืœืคื™ ืžื˜ื”.
06:09
For example, do you like swimming Rob?
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ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”, ื”ืื ืืชื” ืื•ื”ื‘ ืœืฉื—ื•ืช ืจื•ื‘?
06:12
Yes, I do like swimming, yes.
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ื›ืŸ, ืื ื™ ืื•ื”ื‘ ืœืฉื—ื•ืช, ื›ืŸ.
06:13
Particularly in the summer of course, yeah.
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ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืงื™ืฅ ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ื›ืŸ.
06:15
Are you a diver?
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ื”ืื ืืชื” ืฆื•ืœืœืŸ?
06:17
Well, I'm not a professional diver, but I do like
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืื ื™ ืœื ืฆื•ืœืœ ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™, ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ื›ืŸ ืื•ื”ื‘
06:20
to 'plunge' into the cool waters of the sea on a hot summer's day,
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'ืœืฆืœื•ืœ' ืœืชื•ืš ื”ืžื™ื ื”ืงืจื™ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ื ืงื™ืฅ ื—ื,
06:24
or 'plunge' into a swimming pool.
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ืื• 'ืœืฆืœื•ืœ' ืœืชื•ืš ื‘ืจื™ื›ืช ืฉื—ื™ื™ื”.
06:27
That's right. So, 'plunge' has this sense of
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ื–ื” ื ื›ื•ืŸ. ืื–, ืœ"ืฆืœื™ืœื”" ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ืชื—ื•ืฉื” ื”ื–ื• ืฉืœ
06:29
falling dramatically into something.
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ื ืคื™ืœื” ื“ืจืžื˜ื™ืช ืœืชื•ืš ืžืฉื”ื•.
06:34
Yeah, is it always downwards, when you're 'plunging'?
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ื›ืŸ, ื”ืื ื–ื” ืชืžื™ื“ ื›ืœืคื™ ืžื˜ื”, ื›ืฉืืชื” 'ืฆื•ืœืœ'?
06:37
Like a... like water over a waterfall โ€“ is it going down?
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ื›ืžื•... ื›ืžื• ืžื™ื ืžืขืœ ืžืคืœ - ื”ืื ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ืจื“?
06:40
Yes, it is. Yeah, it's going down.
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ื›ืŸ ื–ื” ื›ืŸ. ื›ืŸ, ื–ื” ื™ื•ืจื“.
06:42
A person who 'plunges' into water goes from one position up higher
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ืื“ื ืฉ'ืฆื•ืœืœ' ืœืžื™ื ื”ื•ืœืš ืžืขืžื“ื” ืื—ืช ืœืžืขืœื” ื™ื•ืชืจ
06:47
down into a lower position.
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ืœืžื˜ื” ืœืขืžื“ื” ื ืžื•ื›ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ.
06:51
But in this headline, we're not exactly going
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื›ื•ืชืจืช ื”ื–ื•, ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื
06:53
from a high position to a low position, are we?
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ืžืขืžื“ื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ืœืขืžื“ื” ื ืžื•ื›ื”, ื ื›ื•ืŸ?
06:56
No. It's interesting, isn't it?
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ืœื. ื–ื” ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ, ื ื›ื•ืŸ?
06:57
Going from having freedom into...
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ืžืขื‘ืจ ืžื—ื•ืคืฉ ืœ...
07:02
into a lockdown: there's no physical direction in that,
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ืœื ืขื™ืœื”: ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื–ื” ืฉื•ื ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืคื™ื–ื™,
07:06
but we're thinking figuratively here.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื›ืืŸ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืคื™ื’ื•ืจื˜ื™ื‘ื™.
07:09
So, we use the word 'plunge' because
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ืื–, ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืžื™ืœื” 'ืฆืœื•ืœ' ื›ื™
07:11
probably emotionally it's a downward thing to do:
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ื›ื ืจืื” ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืจื’ืฉื™ืช ื–ื” ื“ื‘ืจ ื›ืœืคื™ ืžื˜ื”:
07:15
to go from freedom to lockdown.
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ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžื—ื•ืคืฉ ืœื ืขื™ืœื”.
07:18
So, that's why the word 'plunge' is appropriate here.
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ืื–, ื–ื• ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉื”ืžื™ืœื” 'ืฆืœื•ืœ' ืžืชืื™ืžื” ื›ืืŸ.
07:21
OK. And like our previous word, there's a verb form and a noun form.
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ื‘ืกื“ืจ. ื•ื›ืžื• ื”ืžื™ืœื” ื”ืงื•ื“ืžืช ืฉืœื ื•, ื™ืฉ ืฆื•ืจืช ืคื•ืขืœ ื•ืฆื•ืจืช ืขืฆื.
07:26
Yes, we 'plunge' into something, or we can...
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ื›ืŸ, ืื ื—ื ื• 'ืฆื•ืœืœื™ื' ืœืชื•ืš ืžืฉื”ื•, ืื• ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื...
07:30
Well, here's a set expression: 'take a plunge' or 'take the plunge'.
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื”ื ื” ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ืžื•ื’ื“ืจ: 'ืงื— ืฆื ื™ื—ื”' ืื• 'ืงื— ืืช ื”ืฆืขื“'.
07:35
Yes, I'm familiar with that one โ€“ 'take a plunge', which is when you...
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ื›ืŸ, ืื ื™ ืžื›ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืงื˜ืข ื”ื–ื” โ€“ 'ืงื— ืฆืœื™ืœื”', ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ื›ืืฉืจ ืืชื”... ืืชื”
07:39
you end up after thinking about something for a long time,
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ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ืจื™ ืฉืืชื” ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืขืœ ืžืฉื”ื• ื”ืจื‘ื” ื–ืžืŸ,
07:41
you make a decision to do something:
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ืืชื” ืžืงื‘ืœ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžืฉื”ื•:
07:43
maybe a career change โ€“ you eventually want to 'take the plunge'.
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ืื•ืœื™ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืงืจื™ื™ืจื” - ืืชื” ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืจื•ืฆื” 'ืœืงื—ืช ืืช ื”ืฆืขื“'.
07:48
That's right, yes. If you are not sure about something;
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ื ื›ื•ืŸ, ื›ืŸ. ืื ืืชื” ืœื ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืžืฉื”ื•;
07:52
there might be uncertain consequences,
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ืขืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืช ืœื ื‘ืจื•ืจื•ืช,
07:55
just like diving into deep water that you're not sure of,
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ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื›ืžื• ืฆืœื™ืœื” ืœืžื™ื ืขืžื•ืงื™ื ืฉืื™ื ืš ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ื‘ื”ื,
07:59
we can say that you 'take the plunge'.
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ืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืืชื” 'ืชืงื“ื'.
08:01
You decide to take that difficult decision into an unknown future.
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ืืชื” ืžื—ืœื™ื˜ ืœืงื—ืช ืืช ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ื”ืงืฉื” ื”ื–ื• ืœืขืชื™ื“ ืœื ื™ื“ื•ืข.
08:07
So, for example, Rob,
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ืื–, ืœืžืฉืœ, ืจื•ื‘,
08:10
I know you've always wanted to join the circus, haven't you?
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ืื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข ืฉืชืžื™ื“ ืจืฆื™ืช ืœื”ืฆื˜ืจืฃ ืœืงืจืงืก, ื ื›ื•ืŸ?
08:13
Yes, always wanted to be a clown.
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ื›ืŸ, ืชืžื™ื“ ืจืฆื™ืชื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœื™ืฆืŸ.
08:15
Yes. Do you think you'll 'take the plunge' and, you know,
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ื›ืŸ. ื”ืื ืืชื” ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉ'ืชืงื— ืืช ื”ืฆืขื“', ื•ืืชื” ื™ื•ื“ืข,
08:19
leave BBC Learning English and, you know, clown around for a living?
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ืชืขื–ื•ื‘ ืืช BBC Learning English, ื•ืืชื” ื™ื•ื“ืข, ืชื”ื™ื™ื” ืœื™ืฆืŸ ืœืžื—ื™ื™ืชืš?
08:24
Yeah. Well, I'm still... well, I do that anyway, but I mean...
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ื›ึผึตืŸ. ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืื ื™ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ... ื˜ื•ื‘, ืื ื™ ืขื•ืฉื” ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงืจื”, ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ืžืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ...
08:28
I'll... I'll have a think about it, I think,
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ืื ื™... ืื ื™ ืื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ื–ื”, ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘,
08:30
before I make that decision โ€“ before I 'take the plunge'.
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ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ื”ื–ื• - ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืืงื‘ืœ ื”ืฆืœื™ืœื”'.
08:33
Yeah. Very, very wise.
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ื›ึผึตืŸ. ืžืื•ื“ ืžืื•ื“ ื—ื›ื.
08:35
OK. Shall we 'take the plunge' now
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ื‘ืกื“ืจ. ื”ืื 'ื ืงื— ืืช ื”ืฆืขื“' ืขื›ืฉื™ื•
08:38
and have a look at the summary of that word?
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ื•ื ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ืชืงืฆื™ืจ ื”ืžื™ืœื” ื”ื–ื•?
08:50
So, we've been talking about water 'plunging' over waterfalls.
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ืื–, ื“ื™ื‘ืจื ื• ืขืœ ืžื™ื 'ืฆื•ืœืœื™ื' ืžืขืœ ืžืคืœื™ื.
08:54
The famous Victoria Falls in Zimbabwe might have a problem though,
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ืœืžืคืœื™ ื•ื™ืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื”ืžืคื•ืจืกืžื™ื ื‘ื–ื™ืžื‘ื‘ื•ืื” ืื•ืœื™ ื™ืฉ ื‘ืขื™ื”,
08:58
because the water there is drying up.
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ื›ื™ ื”ืžื™ื ืฉื ืžืชื™ื™ื‘ืฉื™ื.
09:00
So, it might stop 'plunging' over
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ืื–, ื–ื” ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื”ืคืกื™ืง "ืœืฆืœื•ืœ"
09:02
and this is something we covered in our Lingohack video.
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ื•ื–ื” ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื›ื™ืกื™ื ื• ื‘ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ Lingohack ืฉืœื ื•.
09:07
Where can people watch that video again, Neil?
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ืื™ืคื” ืื ืฉื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฆืคื•ืช ื‘ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื” ืฉื•ื‘, ื ื™ืœ?
09:09
Yeah, it's well worth a look, that video,
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ื›ืŸ, ืฉื•ื•ื” ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื”,
09:12
and it's just in the link below. Click in the link.
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืจืง ื‘ืงื™ืฉื•ืจ ืœืžื˜ื”. ืœื—ืฅ ื‘ืงื™ืฉื•ืจ.
09:16
Down below. Time now for your next headline please, Neil.
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ืฉื ืœืžื˜ื”. ื”ื’ื™ืข ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืœื›ื•ืชืจืช ื”ื‘ืื” ืฉืœืš ื‘ื‘ืงืฉื”, ื ื™ืœ.
09:21
Next headline comes from Russia Today and it reads:
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ื”ื›ื•ืชืจืช ื”ื‘ืื” ืžื’ื™ืขื” ืž- Russland Today ื•ื”ื™ื ื›ืชื•ื‘ื”:
09:32
Now, we should say that this headline came out before the final decision,
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ื›ื•ืชืจืช ื”ื–ื• ื™ืฆืื” ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ื”ืกื•ืคื™ืช,
09:37
so we're looking towards the future there
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ืื– ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืกืชื›ืœื™ื ืœืขื‘ืจ ื”ืขืชื™ื“ ืฉื
09:39
and the expression is 'on the cards'.
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ื•ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื”ื•ื 'ืขืœ ื”ืงืœืคื™ื'.
09:43
So, that's 'on the cards' โ€“ likely to happen.
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ืื–, ื–ื” 'ืขืœ ื”ืงืœืคื™ื' - ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืฉื™ืงืจื”.
09:47
Yes, and it now has happened.
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ื›ืŸ, ื•ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื–ื” ืงืจื”.
09:50
Rob, have you ever been to a fortune teller?
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ืจื•ื‘, ื”ื™ื™ืช ืคืขื ืืฆืœ ืžื’ื“ืช ืขืชื™ื“ื•ืช?
09:54
Well, I have actually. Yes, I went to see this...
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ืœืžืขืฉื”. ื›ืŸ, ื”ืœื›ืชื™ ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื–ื”...
09:56
this woman who had a pack of cards.
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ื”ืื™ืฉื” ื”ื–ื• ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืœื” ื—ื‘ื™ืœืช ืงืœืคื™ื.
09:59
She produced a card and the card โ€“ the picture on the card
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ื”ื™ื ื”ืคื™ืงื” ื›ืจื˜ื™ืก ื•ื”ื›ืจื˜ื™ืก - ื”ืชืžื•ื ื” ืขืœ ื”ื›ืจื˜ื™ืก
10:02
told me what my future would hold:
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ืืžืจื” ืœื™ ืžื” ืฆื•ืคืŸ ืœื™ ื”ืขืชื™ื“:
10:05
that I was going to have a wife and two children, so that came true.
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ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ืœื™ ืื™ืฉื” ื•ืฉื ื™ ื™ืœื“ื™ื, ืื– ื–ื” ื”ืชื’ืฉื.
10:08
Yeah, OK. So, by looking 'on the cards',
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ื›ืŸ, ื‘ืกื“ืจ. ืื–, ื‘ื”ืกืชื›ืœื•ืช 'ืขืœ ื”ืงืœืคื™ื',
10:13
the future became clear. Is that right?
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ื”ืขืชื™ื“ ื”ืชื‘ืจืจ. ื”ืื ื–ื” ื ื›ื•ืŸ?
10:17
Yeah. It was likely to happen and in this case it did happen.
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ื›ึผึตืŸ. ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืœื”ื ื™ื— ืฉื–ื” ื™ืงืจื” ื•ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื”ื–ื” ื–ื” ืื›ืŸ ืงืจื”.
10:20
Yeah. So, this is probably the origin of this expression:
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ื›ึผึตืŸ. ืื– ื–ื” ื›ื ืจืื” ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื”ื–ื”:
10:25
from fortune telling.
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ืžื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ืขืชื™ื“ื•ืช.
10:26
We say that something is 'on the cards':
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉืžืฉื”ื• 'ืขืœ ื”ืงืœืคื™ื':
10:29
it means that it is likely to happen.
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ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืฉืกื‘ื™ืจ ืฉื–ื” ื™ืงืจื”.
10:32
It's a set phrase, yeah?
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ื–ื” ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ืžื•ื’ื“ืจ, ื›ืŸ?
10:34
It is a set phrase, yes.
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ื–ื” ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ืงื‘ื•ืข, ื›ืŸ.
10:36
OK. It's a nice little phrase. Let's have a summary of 'on the cards':
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ื‘ืกื“ืจ. ื–ื” ืžืฉืคื˜ ืงื˜ืŸ ื•ื™ืคื”. ื‘ื•ื ื ืขืฉื” ืกื™ื›ื•ื ืฉืœ 'ืขืœ ื”ืงืœืคื™ื':
10:48
OK. It's time now to recap the vocabulary
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ื‘ืกื“ืจ. ื”ื’ื™ืข ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืœืกื›ื ืืช ืื•ืฆืจ ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื
10:51
that we've been discussing today.
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ืขืœื™ื• ื“ื™ื‘ืจื ื• ื”ื™ื•ื.
10:53
Yes, first of all we had 'surge' โ€“ increase suddenly.
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ื›ืŸ, ืงื•ื“ื ื›ืœ ื”ื™ื” ืœื ื• 'ื ื—ืฉื•ืœ' - ืขืœื™ื™ื” ืคืชืื•ื.
10:57
Secondly, we had 'plunges' โ€“ moves quickly into something.
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ืฉื ื™ืช, ื”ื™ื• ืœื ื• 'ืฆืœื™ืœื•ืช' - ืขื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืœืžืฉื”ื•.
11:02
And finally, 'on the cards' โ€“ likely to happen.
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ื•ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ, 'ืขืœ ื”ืงืœืคื™ื' - ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืฉื™ืงืจื”.
11:07
Thanks for that. And don't forget โ€“ you can test yourself
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืขืœ ื–ื”. ื•ืืœ ืชืฉื›ื— - ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืืช ืขืฆืžืš
11:11
on this vocabulary by going to a quiz
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ืขืœ ืื•ืฆืจ ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื ื”ื–ื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื—ื™ื“ื•ืŸ
11:14
on our website at bbclearningenglish.com.
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ื‘ืืชืจ ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ื›ืชื•ื‘ืช bbclearningenglish.com.
11:18
There's lots of other Learning English resources there as well
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ื™ืฉ ืฉื ื’ื ื”ืžื•ืŸ ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช
11:20
and don't forget โ€“ we're all across social media as well.
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ื•ืืœ ืชืฉื›ื— - ื›ื•ืœื ื• ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื’ื ื‘ืžื“ื™ื” ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช.
11:24
Well, that's all for this News Review.
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื–ื” ื”ื›ืœ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืกืงื™ืจืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื”ื–ื•.
11:26
We'll be back again next week. Bye for now.
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ื ื—ื–ื•ืจ ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื”ื‘ื. ืœื”ืชืจืื•ืช ื‘ื™ื ืชื™ื™ื.
11:29
Goodbye.
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ื”ึฑื™ื” ืฉืœื•ื.
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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