Climate change and evolution - 6 Minute English

248,455 views ใƒป 2022-07-14

BBC Learning English


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ. ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืžืชื•ืจื’ืžื•ืช ืžืชื•ืจื’ืžื•ืช ื‘ืžื›ื•ื ื”.

00:08
Hello.
0
8703
617
ืฉืœื•ื.
00:09
This is 6 Minute English from BBC Learning English.
1
9320
3090
ื–ื•ื”ื™ 6 ื“ืงื•ืช ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืžื‘ื™ืช BBC Learning English.
00:12
Iโ€™m Rob.
2
12410
1000
ืื ื™ ืจื•ื‘.
00:13
And Iโ€™m Sam.
3
13410
1399
ื•ืื ื™ ืกื.
00:14
When we think about famous figures in the history of
4
14809
2441
ื›ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ื“ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืคื•ืจืกืžื•ืช ื‘ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืฉืœ
00:17
science, the name of
5
17250
1000
ื”ืžื“ืข, ืฉืžื• ืฉืœ
00:18
Charles Darwin often comes up.
6
18250
3310
ืฆ'ืืจืœืก ื“ืจื•ื•ื™ืŸ ืขื•ืœื” ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช.
00:21
Darwin is most famous for his theory of evolution,
7
21560
3645
ื“ืจื•ื•ื™ืŸ ืžืคื•ืจืกื ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ืชื™ืื•ืจื™ื™ืช ื”ืื‘ื•ืœื•ืฆื™ื” ืฉืœื•,
00:25
the idea that animals change and adapt in response
8
25205
3734
ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ืžืฉืชื ื™ื ื•ืžืกืชื’ืœื™ื ื‘ืชื’ื•ื‘ื”
00:28
to their environment.
9
28939
1881
ืœืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื.
00:30
In the 1830s he visited the Galapagos,
10
30820
3280
ื‘ืฉื ื•ืช ื”-30 ื”ื•ื ื‘ื™ืงืจ ื‘ื’ืœืคื’ื•ืก,
00:34
a string of islands in the Pacific Ocean
11
34100
2739
ืฉืจืฉืจืช ืื™ื™ื ื‘ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก โ€‹โ€‹ื”ืฉืงื˜
00:36
famous because of the unique animals living there.
12
36839
3881
ื”ืžืคื•ืจืกืžืช ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ื—ื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ื•ืช ืฉื—ื™ื•ืช ืฉื.
00:40
It was while in the Galapagos, observing small birds
13
40720
3339
ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืขื•ื“ื• ื‘ื’ืœืคื’ื•ืก, ืชื•ืš ื”ืชื‘ื•ื ื ื•ืช ื‘ืฆื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืงื˜ื ื•ืช
00:44
called finches, that Darwin started forming his theory of
14
44059
3920
ื”ื ืงืจืื•ืช ื—ื•ื—ื™ื•ืช, ืฉื“ืจื•ื•ื™ืŸ ื”ื—ืœ ืœื’ื‘ืฉ ืืช ืชื™ืื•ืจื™ื™ืช
00:47
evolution.
15
47979
1000
ื”ืื‘ื•ืœื•ืฆื™ื” ืฉืœื•.
00:48
But today, the animals of the Galapagos face
16
48979
3171
ืื‘ืœ ื›ื™ื•ื, ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื’ืœืคื’ื•ืก ืžืชืžื•ื“ื“ื™ื ืขื
00:52
the same pressures as animals across the world
17
52150
3000
ืื•ืชื ืœื—ืฆื™ื ื›ืžื• ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื
00:55
because of the effects of man-made climate change.
18
55150
4650
ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ ืืงืœื™ื ืžืขืฉื” ื™ื“ื™ ืื“ื.
00:59
Warming sea waters and more frequent extreme
19
59800
3270
ื”ืชื—ืžืžื•ืช ืžื™ ื”ื™ื ื•ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ ืžื–ื’ ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื™ื ืชื›ื•ืคื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ
01:03
weather events are affecting animals
20
63070
2479
ืžืฉืคื™ืขื™ื ืขืœ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื
01:05
as much as humans, so, in this programme,
21
65549
2611
ื›ืžื• ืขืœ ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื, ืื– ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื–ื•
01:08
weโ€™ll be asking โ€˜can animals evolve
22
68160
3080
ื ืฉืืœ ' ื”ืื ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืชืคืชื—
01:11
to deal with climate change?โ€™
23
71240
2910
ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ ื”ืืงืœื™ื?'
01:14
But first I have a question for you, Sam, and itโ€™s about
24
74150
2770
ืื‘ืœ ืงื•ื“ื ื›ืœ ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ืฉืืœื” ืืœื™ืš, ืกืื, ื•ื–ื” ืขืœ
01:16
Charles Darwinโ€™s trip to the Galapagos.
25
76920
3190
ื”ื˜ื™ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ืฆ'ืืจืœืก ื“ืจื•ื•ื™ืŸ ืœื’ืœืคื’ื•ืก.
01:20
In 1831, Darwin set sail around the world,
26
80110
3180
ื‘ืฉื ืช 1831 ื”ืคืœื™ื’ ื“ืจื•ื•ื™ืŸ ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืœืขื•ืœื,
01:23
collecting samples of flora and fauna,
27
83290
2540
ื•ืืกืฃ ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื™ ื•ื”ืฆื•ืžื—,
01:25
the plants and animals, of the places he visited.
28
85830
3440
ื”ืฆืžื—ื™ื ื•ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื, ืžื”ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืฉื‘ื”ื ื‘ื™ืงืจ.
01:29
But what was the name of the ship he sailed in?
29
89270
3120
ืื‘ืœ ืžื” ื”ื™ื” ืฉื ื”ืกืคื™ื ื” ืฉื‘ื” ื”ืคืœื™ื’?
01:32
a) HMS Beagle b) HMS Victory
30
92390
4360
ื) HMS Beagle ื‘) HMS Victory
01:36
c) SS Great Britain
31
96750
2440
ื’) SS Great Britain
01:39
Hmm, maybe it was B. HMS Victory.
32
99190
3410
ื”ืžืž, ืื•ืœื™ ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” B. HMS Victory.
01:42
Are you sure?
33
102600
1570
ื”ืื ืืชื” ื‘ื˜ื•ื—?
01:44
No.
34
104170
1000
ืœื.
01:45
OK.
35
105170
1000
ื‘ืกื“ืจ.
01:46
Iโ€™ll reveal the correct answer later in the programme.
36
106170
2239
ืื ื™ ืื’ืœื” ืืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื” ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช.
01:48
Now, it may have been the Galapagos finches that started
37
108409
3591
ื›ืขืช, ืื•ืœื™ ืืœื• ื”ื™ื• ื—ื•ื—ื™ื•ืช ื”ื’ืœืคื’ื•ืก ืฉื”ื—ืœื• ืืช
01:52
Charles Darwin thinking about how animals adapt to
38
112000
3380
ืฆ'ืืจืœืก ื“ืจื•ื•ื™ืŸ ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ื”ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื‘ื• ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ืžืกืชื’ืœื™ื ืœืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื,
01:55
their environment but, as naturalist, Kiyoko Gotanda
39
115380
3820
ืื‘ืœ, ื›ืžื• ื—ื•ืงืจ ื”ื˜ื‘ืข, ืงื™ื•ืงื• ื’ื•ื˜ื ื“ื”
01:59
explained to BBC World Service programme The Climate Question,
40
119200
3660
ื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืœืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช BBC World Service The Climate Question,
02:02
Darwinโ€™s first impression of the small birds
41
122860
2700
ื”ืจื•ืฉื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ ืฉืœ ื“ืืจื•ื•ื™ืŸ ืžื”ืฆื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื”ืงื˜ื ื•ืช
02:05
wasnโ€™t very good:
42
125560
2830
ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“. :
02:08
When Darwin got to the Galapagos Islands,
43
128390
2250
ื›ืฉื“ืจื•ื•ื™ืŸ ื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืื™ื™ ื’ืœืคื’ื•ืก,
02:10
he actually wasnโ€™t that interested in the finches
44
130640
2060
ื”ื•ื ืœืžืขืฉื” ืœื ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ืชืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื—ื•ื—ื™ื•ืช
02:12
โ€“ they were kind of a drab colour and didnโ€™t have a
45
132700
2400
- ื”ื ื”ื™ื• ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืฆื‘ืข ืืคืจื•ืจื™ ื•ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ื
02:15
very interesting song.
46
135100
2070
ืฉื™ืจ ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“.
02:17
He sampled, though, the finches from different
47
137170
2149
ืขื ื–ืืช, ื”ื•ื ื“ื’ื ืืช ื”ื—ื•ื—ื™ื•ืช
02:19
islands, and so when he got back to England he was
48
139319
2881
ืžืื™ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื›ืฉื—ื–ืจ ืœืื ื’ืœื™ื” ื”ื•ื
02:22
looking at all the variation in beak shape and size,
49
142200
2840
ื”ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืฆื•ืจืช ื•ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื”ืžืงื•ืจ,
02:25
and body size and shape, and he was recalling how
50
145040
2580
ื•ื‘ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื•ืฆื•ืจืชื•, ื•ื”ื•ื ื ื–ื›ืจ ืื™ืš
02:27
certain finches were found on certain islands
51
147620
2670
ื—ื•ื—ื™ื•ืช ืžืกื•ื™ืžื•ืช ื ืžืฆืื• ื‘ืื™ื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื.
02:30
but not on other islands.
52
150290
3710
ืื‘ืœ ืœื ื‘ืื™ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื.
02:34
In contrast to more colourful birds like Galapagos parrots,
53
154000
3910
ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœืฆื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืฆื‘ืขื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ืžื• ืชื•ื›ื™ ื’ืœืคื’ื•ืก,
02:37
the finches Darwin observed were drab, dull and
54
157910
3650
ื”ื—ื•ื—ื™ื•ืช ืฉื“ืืจื•ื•ื™ืŸ ืฆืคื” ื‘ื”ืŸ ื”ื™ื• ืืคื•ืจื•ืช, ืžืฉืขืžืžื•ืช ื•ืžืฉืขืžืžื•ืช
02:41
boring-looking, with little colour.
55
161560
2800
ืœืžืจืื”, ืขื ืžืขื˜ ืฆื‘ืข.
02:44
Instead, what Darwin noticed were variations in the finchesโ€™
56
164360
4270
ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื–ืืช, ืžื” ืฉื“ืืจื•ื•ื™ืŸ ืฉื ืœื‘ ื”ื™ื• ื•ืจื™ืืฆื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ื—ื•ื—ื™ื•ืช
02:48
beak, the hard, pointed part of a birdโ€™s mouth.
57
168630
4880
, ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ืงืฉื” ื•ื”ืžื—ื•ื“ื“ ืฉืœ ืคื™ ื”ืฆื™ืคื•ืจ.
02:53
Finches born with a beak that could help them get
58
173510
2370
ื—ื•ื—ื™ื•ืช ืฉื ื•ืœื“ื• ืขื ืžืงื•ืจ ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื”ืŸ ืœืงื‘ืœ
02:55
more food were more likely to survive and have babies.
59
175880
3620
ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื• ื‘ืกื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืฉืจื•ื“ ื•ืœืœื“ืช ืชื™ื ื•ืงื•ืช.
02:59
Over time, as the birds passed on their successful genes,
60
179500
4500
ืขื ื”ื–ืžืŸ, ื›ืฉื”ืฆื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื”ืขื‘ื™ืจื• ืืช ื”ื’ื ื™ื ื”ืžื•ืฆืœื—ื™ื ืฉืœื”ืŸ,
03:04
they adapted to fit in with their environment
61
184000
2420
ื”ืŸ ื”ืกืชื’ืœื• ืœื”ืฉืชืœื‘ ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชืŸ
03:06
โ€“ what we know as evolution.
62
186420
3780
- ืžื” ืฉืื ื• ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืจ ืื‘ื•ืœื•ืฆื™ื”.
03:10
So, if animals can evolve to survive their environment,
63
190200
3640
ืื–, ืื ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืชืคืชื— ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืจื•ื“ ืืช ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ืฉืœื”ื,
03:13
can they also evolve to cope with the impact humans
64
193840
3110
ื”ืื ื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ื’ื ืœื”ืชืคืชื— ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื
03:16
are having on the climate?
65
196950
1740
ืขืœ ื”ืืงืœื™ื?
03:18
Well, thereโ€™s already some evidence to show they can.
66
198690
4160
ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื™ืฉ ื›ื‘ืจ ื›ืžื” ืจืื™ื•ืช ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืฉื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื.
03:22
Studies on birds in the Brazilian Amazon and red deer
67
202850
3609
ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืขืœ ืฆื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืืžื–ื•ื ืก ื”ื‘ืจื–ื™ืœืื™ ื•ืฆื‘ืื™ื ืื“ื•ืžื™ื
03:26
on the Isle of Rum, in Scotland, show warmer temperatures have
68
206459
3791
ื‘ืื™ ืจื•ื, ื‘ืกืงื•ื˜ืœื ื“, ืžืจืื™ื ื›ื™ ื˜ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืจื•ืช ื—ืžื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ
03:30
caused animals to evolve smaller bodies.
69
210250
2989
ื’ืจืžื• ืœื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ืœื”ืชืคืชื— ื’ื•ืคื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ.
03:33
Itโ€™s easier to keep cool when youโ€™re small!
70
213239
3390
ืงืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ืงื•ืจ ืจื•ื— ื›ืฉืืชื” ืงื˜ืŸ!
03:36
American conservationist Thor Hanson records and measures anole lizards
71
216629
4360
ืื™ืฉ ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืจ ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ ืช'ื•ืจ ื”ื ืกื•ืŸ ืžืชืขื“ ื•ืžื•ื“ื“ ืœื˜ืื•ืช ืื ื•ืœื”
03:40
in the Caribbean.
72
220989
1351
ื‘ืื™ื™ื ื”ืงืจื™ื‘ื™ื™ื.
03:42
He wants to see how the effects of man-made
73
222340
2350
ื”ื•ื ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืจืื•ืช ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ ืืงืœื™ื ืžืขืฉื” ื™ื“ื™ ืื“ื
03:44
climate change, in this case hurricanes, is affecting the lizards.
74
224690
5040
, ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื–ื” ื”ื•ืจื™ืงื ื™ื, ืžืฉืคื™ืขื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืœื˜ืื•ืช.
03:49
Listen to what Thor found out as he speaks with presenters of
75
229730
3170
ื”ืงืฉื™ื‘ื• ืœืžื” ืฉื’ื™ืœื” ืช'ื•ืจ ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืขื ืžื’ื™ืฉื™ "ืฉืืœืช ื”ืืงืœื™ื" ืฉืœ
03:52
BBC World Serviceโ€™s The Climate Question.
76
232900
3980
BBC World Service .
03:56
What you can see is that large toe pads and strong
77
236880
2870
ืžื” ืฉืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืจืื•ืช ื”ื•ื ืฉื›ืจื™ื•ืช ืืฆื‘ืขื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ื•ืจื’ืœื™ื™ื
03:59
front legs give some lizards a tighter grip.
78
239750
2629
ืงื“ืžื™ื•ืช ื—ื–ืงื•ืช ืžืขื ื™ืงื•ืช ืœื›ืžื” ืœื˜ืื•ืช ืื—ื™ื–ื” ื”ื“ื•ืงื” ื™ื•ืชืจ.
04:02
When they do start to let go and their body starts flapping
79
242379
2821
ื›ืฉื”ื ืื›ืŸ ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœื”ืจืคื•ืช ื•ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ืฉืœื”ื ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื”ืชื ืคื ืฃ
04:05
in the air like a flag, smaller back legs reduce
80
245200
2880
ื‘ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ื›ืžื• ื“ื’ืœ, ืจื’ืœื™ื™ื ืื—ื•ืจื™ื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืคื—ื™ืชื•ืช
04:08
the drag, and allow them to cling on and survive the hurricane.
81
248080
3940
ืืช ื”ื’ืจืจ ื•ืžืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื”ืŸ ืœื”ื™ืื—ื– ื‘ื”ื•ืจื™ืงืŸ ื•ืœืฉืจื•ื“.
04:12
So the survivors were those lizards with those
82
252020
3430
ืื– ื”ืฉื•ืจื“ื™ื ื”ื™ื• ื”ืœื˜ืื•ืช ืขื
04:15
characteristics, and they passed those traits along
83
255450
3370
ื”ืžืืคื™ื™ื ื™ื ื”ืืœื”, ื•ื”ืŸ ื”ืขื‘ื™ืจื• ืืช ื”ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืืœื”
04:18
to their offspring.
84
258820
1319
ืœืฆืืฆืื™ื”ื.
04:20
Thorโ€™s lizards developed stronger front legs and smaller back legs,
85
260139
5611
ื”ืœื˜ืื•ืช ืฉืœ ืช'ื•ืจ ืคื™ืชื—ื• ืจื’ืœื™ื™ื ืงื“ืžื™ื•ืช ื—ื–ืงื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ืจื’ืœื™ื™ื ืื—ื•ืจื™ื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ,
04:25
allowing them to cling on, hold on to something tightly,
86
265750
3349
ื•ืื™ืคืฉืจื• ืœื”ืŸ ืœื”ื™ืื—ื–, ืœืื—ื•ื– ื‘ืžืฉื”ื• ื‘ื—ื•ื–ืงื”,
04:29
when hurricanes pass through.
87
269099
1780
ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื•ืจื™ืงื ื™ื ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื ื“ืจื›ื.
04:30
Itโ€™s this trait, a genetically-determined
88
270879
3030
ืชื›ื•ื ื” ื–ื•, ืžืืคื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื ืงื‘ืข ื’ื ื˜ื™ืช
04:33
characteristic, that allows the lizards to survive,
89
273909
3671
, ื”ื™ื ืฉืžืืคืฉืจืช ืœืœื˜ืื•ืช ืœืฉืจื•ื“,
04:37
and is passed on to their babies.
90
277580
2570
ื•ืžื•ืขื‘ืจืช ืœืชื™ื ื•ืงื•ืช ืฉืœื”ืŸ.
04:40
Thor checked other areas of the Caribbean where
91
280150
2689
ืช'ื•ืจ ื‘ื“ืง ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ื‘ืื™ื™ื ื”ืงืจื™ื‘ื™ื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื
04:42
hurricanes were frequent and found the same traits
92
282839
3130
ื”ื™ื• ื”ื•ืจื™ืงื ื™ื ืชื›ื•ืคื™ื ื•ืžืฆื ืฉื ืืช ืื•ืชืŸ ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช
04:45
in lizards there, proof of evolution in action.
93
285969
4151
ื‘ืœื˜ืื•ืช, ื”ื•ื›ื—ื” ืœืื‘ื•ืœื•ืฆื™ื” ื‘ืคืขื•ืœื”.
04:50
But whereas we often think of evolution happening
94
290120
2810
ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืื ื• ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ืื‘ื•ืœื•ืฆื™ื” ื”ืžืชืจื—ืฉืช
04:52
over hundreds, even thousands of years, the changes in the
95
292930
4040
ื‘ืžืฉืš ืžืื•ืช, ืืคื™ืœื• ืืœืคื™ ืฉื ื™ื, ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื
04:56
Caribbean lizards happened in around forty years,
96
296970
3660
ื‘ืœื˜ืื•ืช ื”ืงืืจื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื”ืชืจื—ืฉื• ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ืฉื ื”,
05:00
something that would have surprised Charles Darwin.
97
300630
2550
ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื”ื™ื” ืžืคืชื™ืข ืืช ืฆ'ืืจืœืก ื“ืจื•ื•ื™ืŸ.
05:03
Which reminds me of your question, Rob.
98
303180
2989
ืžื” ืฉืžื–ื›ื™ืจ ืœื™ ืืช ื”ืฉืืœื” ืฉืœืš, ืจื•ื‘.
05:06
Yes, I asked you for the name of the ship Darwin sailed
99
306169
4541
ื›ืŸ, ืฉืืœืชื™ ืื•ืชืš ืœืฉืžื” ืฉืœ ื”ืกืคื™ื ื” ืฉื‘ื” ื”ืคืœื™ื’ ื“ืจื•ื•ื™ืŸ
05:10
around the world in.
100
310710
1000
ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืœืขื•ืœื.
05:11
Darwinโ€™s ship was called the HMS Beagle and,
101
311710
3280
ื”ืกืคื™ื ื” ืฉืœ ื“ืืจื•ื•ื™ืŸ ื ืงืจืื” HMS Beagle, ื•ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ
05:14
appropriately enough, it was named after an animal!
102
314990
2970
ืžืชืื™ื, ื”ื™ื ื ืงืจืื” ืขืœ ืฉื ื—ื™ื”!
05:17
A beagle is a type of dog.
103
317960
1889
ื‘ื™ื’ืœ ื”ื•ื ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ื›ืœื‘.
05:19
OK, letโ€™s recap the vocabulary from this programme about
104
319849
3611
ื‘ืกื“ืจ, ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืกื›ื ืืช ืื•ืฆืจ ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื ืžื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ื–ื• ืขืœ
05:23
evolution, the way living things adapt to their environment
105
323460
4400
ืื‘ื•ืœื•ืฆื™ื”, ื”ื“ืจืš ืฉื‘ื” ื™ืฆื•ืจื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื ืžืกืชื’ืœื™ื ืœืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื
05:27
and pass these adaptations on to their children.
106
327860
4220
ื•ืžืขื‘ื™ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ื”ืชืืžื•ืช ื”ืืœื” ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื”ื.
05:32
Flora and fauna is another way of saying the plants and animals
107
332080
3630
ื”ื—ื™ ื•ื”ืฆื•ืžื— ื”ื ื“ืจืš ื ื•ืกืคืช ืœื•ืžืจ ืืช ื”ืฆืžื—ื™ื ื•ื”ื—ื™ื•ืช
05:35
of a place.
108
335710
2420
ืฉืœ ืžืงื•ื.
05:38
Drab means dull and colourless in appearance.
109
338130
2529
ืืคืจื•ืจื™ ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื• ืžืฉืขืžื ื•ื—ืกืจ ืฆื‘ืข ื‘ืžืจืื”ื•.
05:40
A birdโ€™s beak is the hard, pointed part of its mouth.
110
340659
5311
ืžืงื•ืจ ืฆื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื•ื ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ืงืฉื” ื•ื”ืžื—ื•ื“ื“ ืฉืœ ืคื™ื”.
05:45
To cling on means to hold on very tightly.
111
345970
3689
ืœื”ื™ืื—ื– ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื• ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืง ื—ื–ืง ืžืื•ื“.
05:49
And finally, a trait is a genetically-determined
112
349659
3141
ื•ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ, ืชื›ื•ื ื” ื”ื™ื ืžืืคื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื ืงื‘ืข ื’ื ื˜ื™ืช
05:52
characteristic.
113
352800
1799
.
05:54
Once again, our six minutes are up!
114
354599
2421
ืฉื•ื‘, ืฉืฉ ื”ื“ืงื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ื ื’ืžืจื•!
05:57
Join us again soon for more interesting topics and useful
115
357020
3440
ื”ืฆื˜ืจืฃ ืืœื™ื ื• ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืงืจื•ื‘ ืœืขื•ื“ ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื•ืื•ืฆืจ
06:00
vocabulary here at 6 Minute English.
116
360460
2630
ืžื™ืœื™ื ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื™ ื›ืืŸ ื‘-6 ื“ืงื•ืช ืื ื’ืœื™ืช.
06:03
Goodbye for now!
117
363090
1009
ืœื”ืชืจืื•ืช ืœื‘ื™ื ืชื™ื™ื!
06:04
Bye!
118
364099
1750
ื‘ื™ื™!
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7