Long working hours 'kills 745,000 people a year': BBC News Review

121,528 views ใƒป 2021-05-18

BBC Learning English


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ. ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืžืชื•ืจื’ืžื•ืช ืžืชื•ืจื’ืžื•ืช ื‘ืžื›ื•ื ื”.

00:00
Hello and welcome to News Review from BBC Learning English. I'm Neil.
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ืฉืœื•ื ื•ื‘ืจื•ื›ื™ื ื”ื‘ืื™ื ืœ-News Review ืžื‘ื™ืช BBC Learning English. ืื ื™ ื ื™ืœ.
00:04
Joining me today is Tom. Hi, Tom.
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ื”ื™ื•ื ืžืฆื˜ืจืฃ ืืœื™ ื˜ื•ื. ื”ื™ื™ ื˜ื•ื.
00:07
Hi, Neil. Good morning and hello to our audience.
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ื”ื™ื™, ื ื™ืœ. ื‘ื•ืงืจ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ืฉืœื•ื ืœืงื”ืœ ืฉืœื ื•.
00:10
Did you know that 745,000 people are killed each year
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ื”ืื ื™ื“ืขืช ืฉ-745,000 ืื ืฉื™ื ื ื”ืจื’ื™ื ืžื“ื™ ืฉื ื”
00:15
by working for too long. That's according to a new study
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ืžืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื“ื™ ื–ืžืŸ. ื›ืš ืขื•ืœื” ืžืžื—ืงืจ ื—ื“ืฉ
00:19
released by the World Health Organization.
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ืฉืคืจืกื ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™.
00:21
That's a really terrible statistic.
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ื–ื” ื ืชื•ืŸ ืžืžืฉ ื ื•ืจื.
00:23
If you want to test yourself on any of the vocabulary that you hear in
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ืื ืืชื” ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืืช ืขืฆืžืš ื‘ืื—ื“ ืžืื•ืฆืจ ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื ืฉืืชื” ืฉื•ืžืข ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช
00:27
this programme, there's a quiz on our website at bbclearningenglish.com.
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ื–ื•, ื™ืฉ ื—ื™ื“ื•ืŸ ื‘ืืชืจ ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ื›ืชื•ื‘ืช bbclearningenglish.com.
00:31
Now, let's find out some more about the story from this BBC News report:
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ื›ืขืช, ื‘ื•ืื• ื ื’ืœื” ืขื•ื“ ืงืฆืช ืขืœ ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืžื“ื™ื•ื•ื— ื”ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”-BBC:
01:02
So, the World Health Organization has released a report about
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ืื–, ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ ืคืจืกื ื“ื•ื— ืขืœ
01:07
working hours. The study says that working for too long can kill you.
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ืฉืขื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”. ื”ืžื—ืงืจ ืื•ืžืจ ืฉืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื“ื™ ื–ืžืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ืจื•ื’ ืื•ืชืš.
01:12
Around 745,000 deaths each year can come from working too long.
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ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืช 745,000 ืžืงืจื™ ืžื•ื•ืช ืžื“ื™ ืฉื ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื ื‘ื•ืข ืžืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืืจื•ื›ื” ืžื“ื™.
01:19
Working 55 hours or more can increase your chance of having a
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ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœ 55 ืฉืขื•ืช ืื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื’ื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ ืœืœืงื•ืช
01:25
heart attack or having a stroke. This is particularly true for
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ื‘ื”ืชืงืฃ ืœื‘ ืื• ืœืฉื‘ืฅ. ื–ื” ื ื›ื•ืŸ ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืขื‘ื•ืจ
01:29
men and the study says that the worst affected region for this
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ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ื”ืžื—ืงืจ ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ืคื’ื•ืข ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื‘ืขื™ื” ื–ื•
01:33
problem is the Asia-Pacific region, which includes Japan and Australia.
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ื”ื•ื ืื–ื•ืจ ืืกื™ื”-ืคืกื™ืคื™ืง, ื”ื›ื•ืœืœ ืืช ื™ืคืŸ ื•ืื•ืกื˜ืจืœื™ื”.
01:39
OK. Well, you've been looking at this story, at the various news websites,
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ื‘ืกื“ืจ. ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื”ืกืชื›ืœืช ื‘ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื–ื”, ื‘ืืชืจื™ ื”ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื,
01:43
and picking out really useful vocabulary for our viewers to learn.
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ื•ื‘ื—ืจืช ืื•ืฆืจ ืžื™ืœื™ื ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื™ ื‘ืืžืช ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืฆื•ืคื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ืœืœืžื•ื“.
01:48
What have you got?
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ืžื” ื™ืฉ ืœืš?
01:50
Today's vocabulary, Neil. We have: 'killer', 'burden' and 'detrimental'.
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ืื•ืฆืจ ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื•ื, ื ื™ืœ. ื™ืฉ ืœื ื•: 'ืจื•ืฆื—', 'ื ื˜ืœ' ื•'ืžื–ื™ืง'.
01:58
'Killer', 'burden' and 'detrimental'.
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'ืจื•ืฆื—', 'ื ื˜ืœ' ื•'ืžื–ื™ืง'.
02:01
So, let's hear your first headline, please.
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ืื–, ื‘ื•ื ื ืฉืžืข ืืช ื”ื›ื•ืชืจืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉืœืš, ื‘ื‘ืงืฉื”.
02:04
Of course. My first headline is from Reuters โ€“ it says:
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ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ. ื”ื›ื•ืชืจืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉืœื™ ื”ื™ื ืžืจื•ื™ื˜ืจืก - ื”ื™ื ืื•ืžืจืช:
02:13
'A killer' โ€“ something or someone who kills.
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'ืจื•ืฆื—' - ืžืฉื”ื• ืื• ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืฉื”ื•ืจื’.
02:19
Now, that's pretty straightforward, isn't it? Why are we learning this?
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื–ื” ื“ื™ ืคืฉื•ื˜, ืœื? ืœืžื” ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ืืช ื–ื”?
02:22
Everyone knows what a 'killer' is.
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ื›ื•ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืžื” ื–ื” 'ืจื•ืฆื—'.
02:25
Probably a lot of our audience do know what a 'killer' is, Neil,
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ื›ื ืจืื” ืฉื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื”ืงื”ืœ ืฉืœื ื• ื›ืŸ ื™ื•ื“ืข ืžื” ื–ื” 'ืจื•ืฆื—', ื ื™ืœ,
02:28
but we're going to look at some sort of wider uses of this expression.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื—ื ื• ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœื”ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื™ื ืจื—ื‘ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื”ื–ื”.
02:33
It has more than one meaning. To begin with,
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ื™ืฉ ืœื–ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืื—ืช. ืจืืฉื™ืช,
02:36
let's look at the headline. 'A killer' โ€“ this is a noun.
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ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ื”ื›ื•ืชืจืช. 'ืจื•ืฆื—' - ื–ื” ืฉื ืขืฆื.
02:40
It's a singular noun and it's something or someone that kills.
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ื–ื” ืฉื ืขืฆื ื™ื—ื™ื“ ื•ื–ื” ืžืฉื”ื• ืื• ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืฉื”ื•ืจื’.
02:44
Note that long working hours is plural, but 'a killer' with
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ืฉื™ืžื• ืœื‘ ืฉืฉืขื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืืจื•ื›ื•ืช ื”ืŸ ื‘ืจื‘ื™ื, ืื‘ืœ 'ืจื•ืฆื—' ืขื
02:50
the article remains a sort of fixed piece of language.
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ื”ืžืืžืจ ื ืฉืืจ ืžืขื™ืŸ ืคื™ืกืช ืฉืคื” ืงื‘ื•ืขื”.
02:54
This is the same with cigarettes, for example. 'Cigarettes โ€“ plural โ€“
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ื–ื” ืื•ืชื• ื“ื‘ืจ ืขื ืกื™ื’ืจื™ื•ืช, ืœืžืฉืœ. "ืกื™ื’ืจื™ื•ืช - ื‘ืจื‘ื™ื -
02:58
are a killer' means cigarettes are a cause of death. They can kill you.
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ื”ืŸ ืจื•ืฆื—ื•ืช" ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื• ืฉืกื™ื’ืจื™ื•ืช ื”ืŸ ืกื™ื‘ืช ืžื•ื•ืช. ื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืจื•ื’ ืื•ืชืš.
03:03
Now, all of these examples you've given โ€“ this is
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช ื”ืืœื” ืฉื”ื‘ืืช - ื›ืœ ืืœื” ื”ื
03:06
all really negative stuff. But our audience may be
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ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžืžืฉ ืฉืœื™ืœื™ื™ื. ืื‘ืœ ื”ืงื”ืœ ืฉืœื ื• ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช
03:10
surprised to learn that we can use 'killer' in a positive way.
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ืžื•ืคืชืข ืœื’ืœื•ืช ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘'ืจื•ืฆื—' ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ืช.
03:15
Yeah, and that's why we've chosen it โ€“ because that's why we're here:
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ื›ืŸ, ื•ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื–ื” ื‘ื—ืจื ื• ื‘ื–ื” - ื›ื™ ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื–ื” ืื ื—ื ื• ื›ืืŸ:
03:18
to look at different ways we can use this language.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื”ืŸ ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืฉืคื” ื”ื–ื•.
03:20
So, for example, how would you feel if I said
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ืื–, ืœืžืฉืœ, ืื™ืš ืชืจื’ื™ืฉ ืื ืื’ื™ื“ ืฉืจืื™ืชื™
03:23
I watched 'a killer movie' last night
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ืืชืžื•ืœ ื‘ืœื™ืœื” 'ืกืจื˜ ืจื•ืฆื—'
03:25
and I ate 'a killer sandwich' while I did that?
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ื•ืื›ืœืชื™ 'ืกื ื“ื•ื•ื™ืฅ' ืจื•ืฆื—' ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืขืฉื™ืชื™ ืืช ื–ื”?
03:28
Well, I would hope that the sandwich was not bad โ€“ it
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืื ื™ ืžืงื•ื•ื” ืฉื”ื›ืจื™ืš ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืจืข - ื–ื”
03:32
didn't affect your health. To me, it would mean that it was
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ืœื ื”ืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืฉืœืš. ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืชื™, ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื–ื” ื”ื™ื”
03:36
a really great sandwich or the film was really, really good.
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ืกื ื“ื•ื•ื™ืฅ' ืžืžืฉ ืžืขื•ืœื” ืื• ืฉื”ืกืจื˜ ื”ื™ื” ืžืžืฉ ืžืžืฉ ื˜ื•ื‘.
03:40
Yeah, or I had a very strong emotional reaction, you could say.
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ื›ืŸ, ืื• ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืœื™ ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ืจื’ืฉื™ืช ืžืื•ื“ ื—ื–ืงื”, ืืคืฉืจ ืœื•ืžืจ.
03:43
So, if I watched 'a killer movie',
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ืื– ืื ืฆืคื™ืชื™ ื‘'ืกืจื˜ ืจื•ืฆื—',
03:46
that could mean that I watched a really great movie.
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ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืฆืคื™ืชื™ ื‘ืกืจื˜ ืžืžืฉ ืžืขื•ืœื”.
03:48
And I ate 'a killer sandwich' โ€“ that means I had a
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ื•ืื›ืœืชื™ 'ื›ืจื™ืš ืงื˜ืœื ื™' - ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ืœื™
03:50
strong emotional reaction, because it was so delicious.
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ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ืจื’ืฉื™ืช ื—ื–ืงื”, ื›ื™ ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื˜ืขื™ื.
03:53
Yes. Now, I think what we can tell from this
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ื›ืŸ. ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื“ืขืช ืžื–ื”
03:56
is that context is really key.
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ื”ื•ื ืฉื”ื”ืงืฉืจ ื”ื•ื ื‘ืืžืช ื”ืžืคืชื—.
03:59
Context is everything. So, let's take that movie example.
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ื”ื”ืงืฉืจ ื”ื•ื ื”ื›ืœ. ืื– ื‘ื•ืื• ื ื™ืงื— ืืช ื”ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืฉืœ ื”ืกืจื˜ ื”ื–ื”.
04:03
If I watched a really funny film and I said,
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ืื ืจืื™ืชื™ ืกืจื˜ ืžืžืฉ ืžืฆื—ื™ืง ื•ืืžืจืชื™,
04:05
'Oh, it was a killer!'
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'ืื”, ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืจื•ืฆื—!'
04:06
that might mean it's hilarious. It's really funny.
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ื–ื” ืื•ืœื™ ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื–ื” ืžืฆื—ื™ืง. ื–ื” ื‘ืืžืช ืžืฆื—ื™ืง.
04:09
But if I watch a sad film, like Titanic, and I say,
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ืื ื™ ืฆื•ืคื” ื‘ืกืจื˜ ืขืฆื•ื‘, ื›ืžื• ื˜ื™ื˜ืื ื™ืง, ื•ืื•ืžืจ,
04:12
'Oh, it was a killer,'
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'ืื•ื™, ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืจื•ืฆื—',
04:15
that could mean it was very sad.
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ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ืขืฆื•ื‘ ืžืื•ื“.
04:16
As you say, context is everything with this expression.
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ื›ืคื™ ืฉืืชื” ืื•ืžืจ, ื”ืงืฉืจ ื”ื•ื ื”ื›ืœ ืขื ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื”ื–ื”.
04:20
Yeah. And we could also say that someone 'kills someone' and it
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ื›ึผึตืŸ. ื•ืืคืฉืจ ื’ื ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืžื™ืฉื”ื• 'ื”ื•ืจื’ ืžื™ืฉื”ื•' ื•ื–ื”
04:26
doesn't mean that they kill them; it means that it makes that...
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ืœื ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ื ื”ื•ืจื’ื™ื ืื•ืชื•; ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื–ื” ื’ื•ืจื ืœื–ื”...
04:29
they make that person laugh a lot.
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ื”ื ืžืฆื—ื™ืงื™ื ืืช ื”ืื“ื ื”ื–ื” ื”ืจื‘ื”.
04:32
Yeah, I could say, 'So, Neil kills me with his jokes on News Review!'
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ื›ืŸ, ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื™ ืœื•ืžืจ, 'ืื– ื ื™ืœ ื”ื•ืจื’ ืื•ืชื™ ืขื ื”ื‘ื“ื™ื—ื•ืช ืฉืœื• ื‘-News Review!'
04:37
ย  It means they make me laugh a lot.
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ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ื ืžืฆื—ื™ืงื™ื ืื•ืชื™ ื”ืจื‘ื”.
04:38
I have a strong emotional reaction and that is hilarity.
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ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ืจื’ืฉื™ืช ื—ื–ืงื” ื•ื–ื• ืขืœื™ื–ื•ืช.
04:42
It's really funny.
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ื–ื” ื‘ืืžืช ืžืฆื—ื™ืง.
04:43
I try my best, Tom. OK. Let's get a summary:
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ืื ื™ ืžื ืกื” ื›ืžื™ื˜ื‘ ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื™, ื˜ื•ื. ื‘ืกื“ืจ. ื‘ื•ืื• ืœืงื‘ืœ ืชืงืฆื™ืจ:
04:54
If you would like to watch another story about work,
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ืื ืชืจืฆื• ืœืฆืคื•ืช ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืขืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”,
04:57
we have the perfect one for you, don't we Tom?
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ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืืช ื”ืื—ื“ ื”ืžื•ืฉืœื ืขื‘ื•ืจื›ื, ื ื›ื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ื?
05:01
Yeah, we do. Are you work... do you want to work for free?
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ื›ืŸ, ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื. ืืชื” ืขื•ื‘ื“... ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื‘ื—ื™ื ื?
05:05
This is our story: it's about young people being expected to work for free.
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ื–ื” ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืฉืœื ื•: ื”ื•ื ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืฆื™ืคื™ื™ื” ืžืฆืขื™ืจื™ื ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื‘ื—ื™ื ื.
05:09
It's 6 Minute English and you can find it
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ื–ื” 6 ื“ืงื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื•ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืžืฆื•ื ืื•ืชื•
05:10
by clicking the link in the video description.
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ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืœื—ื™ืฆื” ืขืœ ื”ืงื™ืฉื•ืจ ื‘ืชื™ืื•ืจ ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.
05:13
OK. Let's take a look at your second headline.
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ื‘ืกื“ืจ. ื‘ื•ื ื ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ื”ื›ื•ืชืจืช ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื” ืฉืœืš.
05:17
Cool. Yeah, my second headline is from stuff.co.nz,
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ืžื’ื ื™ื‘. ื›ืŸ, ื”ื›ื•ืชืจืช ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื” ืฉืœื™ ื”ื™ื ืž-stuff.co.nz,
05:22
which is a website from New Zealand.
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ืฉื”ื•ื ืืชืจ ืžื ื™ื• ื–ื™ืœื ื“.
05:24
It's not actually a headline; it's from the body of the article.
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ื–ื• ืœื ื‘ืขืฆื ื›ื•ืชืจืช; ื–ื” ืžื’ื•ืฃ ื”ืžืืžืจ.
05:27
It says:
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ื›ืชื•ื‘:
05:36
And that word is 'detrimental'.
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ื•ื”ืžื™ืœื” ื”ื–ืืช 'ืžื–ื™ืงื”'.
05:38
ย  'Detrimental' โ€“ likely to cause harm.
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'ืžื–ื™ืง' - ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื’ืจื•ื ื ื–ืง.
05:44
Yeah, so 'detrimental' is an adjective and it's got an
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ื›ืŸ, ืื– 'ืžื–ื™ืง' ื”ื•ื ืฉื ืชื•ืืจ ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื•
05:48
interesting pronunciation as well. Four syllables: 'de-tri-men-tal'.
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ื’ื ื”ื’ื™ื™ื” ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ืช. ืืจื‘ืข ื”ื‘ืจื•ืช: 'ื“ื”-ื˜ืจื™-ืžื ื˜ืœ'.
05:53
And it's that third... that third syllable:
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ื•ื–ื”ื• ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™... ื”ื”ื‘ืจื” ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช ื”ื”ื™ื:
05:57
'de-tri-MEN-tal' is the pronunciation of the adjective.
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'ื“ื”-ื˜ืจื™-MEN-tal' ื”ื™ื ื”ื’ื™ื™ืช ืฉื ื”ืชื•ืืจ.
06:00
And it means it is likely to cause harm or be damaging.
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ื•ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื–ื” ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื’ืจื•ื ื ื–ืง ืื• ืœื”ื–ื™ืง.
06:03
Yeah. So, when we talk about harmful things,
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ื›ึผึตืŸ. ืœื›ืŸ, ื›ืืฉืจ ืื ื• ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžื–ื™ืงื™ื,
06:06
we can say that they are 'detrimental to' something.
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ืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ื 'ืžื–ื™ืงื™ื' ืœืžืฉื”ื•.
06:11
Definitely, yeah. You could say: 'Cigarettes are detrimental.'
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ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜, ื›ืŸ. ืืคืฉืจ ืœื•ืžืจ: 'ืกื™ื’ืจื™ื•ืช ื–ื” ืžื–ื™ืง'.
06:14
Or you could say: 'Cigarettes are detrimental to your health.'
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ืื• ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœื•ืžืจ: 'ืกื™ื’ืจื™ื•ืช ืžื–ื™ืงื•ืช ืœื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืฉืœืš'.
06:19
'Detrimental to' is a kind of common construct
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'ืžื–ื™ืง ืœ' ื”ื•ื ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืžื‘ื ื” ื ืคื•ืฅ
06:22
โ€“ and it's followed by a noun.
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- ื•ืื—ืจื™ื• ืžื•ืคื™ืข ืฉื ืขืฆื.
06:24
Cigarettes are 'detrimental to your health'.
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ืกื™ื’ืจื™ื•ืช "ืžื–ื™ืงื•ืช ืœื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืฉืœืš".
06:26
Working long hours โ€“ also 'detrimental to your health',
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ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืขื•ืช ืืจื•ื›ื•ืช - ื’ื 'ืžื–ื™ืงื” ืœื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช',
06:29
as the headlines are telling us.
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ื›ืคื™ ืฉืžืกืคืจื•ืช ืœื ื• ื”ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช.
06:31
Yeah. So, 'detrimental' is an adjective,
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ื›ึผึตืŸ. ืื–, 'ืžื–ื™ืง' ื”ื•ื ืฉื ืชื•ืืจ,
06:33
but there's also a noun version: 'detriment'.
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ืื‘ืœ ื™ืฉ ื’ื ื’ืจืกืช ืฉื ืขืฆื: 'ื”ืจืก'. ืื‘ืœ
06:35
We have to use that in a special kind of way, though.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื–ื” ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช.
06:39
Yeah, 'detriment' โ€“ and again, it's quite high register.
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ื›ืŸ, 'ื”ืจืก' - ื•ืฉื•ื‘, ื–ื” ืจื™ืฉื•ื ื“ื™ ื’ื‘ื•ื”.
06:42
It comes in the expression 'to the detriment of'.
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ื–ื” ื‘ื ื‘ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ 'ืœืจืขืช'.
06:47
It means kind of, like, at the expense of.
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ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ, ื›ืื™ืœื•, ืขืœ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ.
06:50
So, I could say, 'Neil worked too long.
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ืื–, ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื™ ืœื•ืžืจ, 'ื ื™ืœ ืขื‘ื“ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื“ื™ ื–ืžืŸ.
06:53
Neil works too many hours, to the detriment of his friendships.'
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ื ื™ืœ ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื“ื™ ืฉืขื•ืช, ืœืจืขืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืฉืœื•ืด.
06:58
Yes... it's not true at all, but good example.
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ื›ืŸ... ื–ื” ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืœื ื ื›ื•ืŸ, ืื‘ืœ ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื”.
07:01
It means that you spend all your time doing News Review,
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ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืฉืืชื” ืžื‘ืœื” ืืช ื›ืœ ื–ืžื ืš ื‘-News Review,
07:04
so you don't have time for your mates.
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ื›ืš ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœืš ื–ืžืŸ ืœื‘ื ื™ ื”ื–ื•ื’ ืฉืœืš.
07:07
Yeah. Now, as you said there's quite a high register.
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ื›ึผึตืŸ. ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื›ืžื• ืฉืืžืจืช, ื™ืฉ ืจื™ืฉื•ื ื“ื™ ื’ื‘ื•ื”.
07:09
That means it's quite formal, both 'detrimental' and 'detriment'.
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ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื–ื” ื“ื™ ืจืฉืžื™, ื’ื 'ืžื–ื™ืง' ื•ื’ื 'ืžื–ื™ืง'.
07:13
In our ordinary spoken English, what sort of thing do we say instead?
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ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจืช ื”ืจื’ื™ืœื” ืฉืœื ื•, ืื™ื–ื” ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืื ื—ื ื• ืื•ืžืจื™ื ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื–ืืช?
07:18
I'd probably just say, like,
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ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืœื”ื ื™ื— ืฉืคืฉื•ื˜ ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืื•ืžืจ, ื›ืžื•
07:20
'it's bad for you,' or something. Or, 'it's harmful.'
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'ื–ื” ืจืข ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœืš' ืื• ืžืฉื”ื•. ืื•, 'ื–ื” ืžื–ื™ืง'.
07:23
Yeah, we wouldn't normally use 'detriment'... Normally,
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ื›ืŸ, ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืœื ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘'ืžื–ื™ืงื”'... ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ,
07:25
'detrimental' is quite formal and you'd see it in the context of,
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'ืžื–ื™ืงื”' ื–ื” ื“ื™ ืจืฉืžื™ ื•ืืชื” ืชืจืื” ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ื”ืงืฉืจ ืฉืœ,
07:28
like, this โ€“ like reports on health or something like that.
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ื›ืžื•, ื–ื” - ื›ืžื• ื“ื™ื•ื•ื—ื™ื ืขืœ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืื• ืžืฉื”ื• ื›ื–ื”.
07:32
OK. Let's get a summary:
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ื‘ืกื“ืจ. ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืงื‘ืœ ืกื™ื›ื•ื:
07:41
Now, a lot of people these days are saying that red meat is
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื”ืจื‘ื” ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื• ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉื‘ืฉืจ ืื“ื•ื ื”ื•ื
07:45
'detrimental' to our health. Others disagree,
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'ืžื–ื™ืง' ืœื‘ืจื™ืื•ืชื ื•. ืื—ืจื™ื ืœื ืžืกื›ื™ืžื™ื,
07:47
but we have a programme on that topic, don't we Tom?
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ืื‘ืœ ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื”ื–ื”, ื ื›ื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ื?
07:51
Yeah. Is red meat harmful? That's what we're talking about.
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ื›ึผึตืŸ. ื”ืื ื‘ืฉืจ ืื“ื•ื ืžื–ื™ืง? ืขืœ ื–ื” ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื.
07:54
You can find it by clicking the link in the video description down here.
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ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืžืฆื•ื ืื•ืชื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืœื—ื™ืฆื” ืขืœ ื”ืงื™ืฉื•ืจ ื‘ืชื™ืื•ืจ ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ื›ืืŸ ืœืžื˜ื”.
07:59
Let's have a look then at our next headline, please.
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ื‘ื•ื ื ืกืชื›ืœ ืื– ื‘ื›ื•ืชืจืช ื”ื‘ืื” ืฉืœื ื•, ื‘ื‘ืงืฉื”.
08:02
Perfect. Again, we're not looking at the headline;
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ืžื•ืฉืœื. ืฉื•ื‘, ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ืžืกืชื›ืœื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ื•ืชืจืช;
08:05
we're looking at the body of the article.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืกืชื›ืœื™ื ืขืœ ื’ื•ืฃ ื”ืžืืžืจ.
08:07
This is from the World Health Organization website โ€“
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ื–ื” ืžืืชืจ ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ -
08:10
from the release. It says:
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ืžื”ืคืจืกื•ื. ื›ืชื•ื‘:
08:17
And that word is 'burden'.
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ื•ื”ืžื™ืœื” ื”ื–ืืช ื”ื™ื 'ื ื˜ืœ'.
08:20
'Burden' โ€“ something that causes difficulty or hard work.
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'ื ื˜ืœ' โ€“ ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื’ื•ืจื ืœืงื•ืฉื™ ืื• ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืงืฉื”.
08:26
Now, Tom, I know what a 'burden' is. If you have to carry a
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื˜ื•ื, ืื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข ืžื” ื–ื” 'ื ื˜ืœ'. ืื ืืชื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืฉืืช
08:29
huge weight on your back, that is a 'burden', literally.
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ืžืฉืงืœ ืขืฆื•ื ืขืœ ื”ื’ื‘, ื–ื” 'ื ื˜ืœ', ืชืจืชื™ ืžืฉืžืข.
08:33
That is... yeah, that is a 'burden', Neil. So, 'burden' can be literal
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ื›ืœื•ืžืจ... ื›ืŸ, ื–ื” 'ื ื˜ืœ', ื ื™ืœ. ืื–, 'ื ื˜ืœ' ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื™ืœื•ืœื™
08:38
or 'burden' can be, kind of, figurative or metaphorical.
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ืื• 'ื ื˜ืœ' ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช, ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ, ืคื™ื’ื•ืจื˜ื™ื‘ื™ ืื• ืžื˜ืคื•ืจื™.
08:41
So, let's look at this piece of text from the WHO.
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ืื– ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ืงื˜ืข ื”ื˜ืงืกื˜ ื”ื–ื” ืž-WHO.
08:45
The 'burden' that they're talking about โ€“ the thing that's causing
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ื”'ื ื˜ืœ' ืฉื”ื ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœื™ื• - ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื’ื•ืจื
08:48
difficulty or hard work โ€“ is work-related disease and death coming
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ืœืงื•ืฉื™ ืื• ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืงืฉื” - ื”ื•ื ืžื—ืœื” ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื” ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื•ืžื•ื•ืช ื”ื ื•ื‘ืข
08:54
from work-related disease and it said that this is causing particular...
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ืžืžื—ืœื” ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื” ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื”, ื•ื”ื•ื ืืžืจ ืฉื–ื” ื’ื•ืจื ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“...
08:58
excuse me, particular difficulty for men, who are most affected.
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ืกืœื™ื—ื”, ืงื•ืฉื™ ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื’ื‘ืจื™ื, ื”ืžื•ืฉืคืขื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.
09:02
Yeah. And it's also โ€“ we talk about 'carrying a burden',
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ื›ึผึตืŸ. ื•ื–ื” ื’ื โ€“ ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ 'ืกื—ื•ื‘ ืžืฉื',
09:07
'having a burden'. It's also a verb, though.
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'ื‘ืขืœ ืžืฉื'. ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ื’ื ืคื•ืขืœ.
09:12
Yeah, it is. It is also a... excuse me, it is also a verb.
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ื›ืŸ ื–ื” ื›ืŸ. ื–ื” ื’ื... ืกืœื™ื—ื”, ื–ื” ื’ื ืคื•ืขืœ.
09:16
Before I look at the verb, let me just...
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ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ื”ืคื•ืขืœ, ื”ืจืฉื• ืœื™ ืจืง...
09:18
let's look at that, kind of, literal/figurative meaning. So,
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ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช, ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ, ืžื™ืœื•ืœื™ืช/ืคื™ื’ื•ืจื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช. ืื–,
09:22
we were talking about a figurative 'burden', like a problem...
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ื“ื™ื‘ืจื ื• ืขืœ 'ื ื˜ืœ' ืคื™ื’ื•ืจื˜ื™ื‘ื™, ื›ืžื• ื‘ืขื™ื”...
09:26
work-related disease causing a problem.
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ืžื—ืœื” ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื” ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉื’ื•ืจืžืช ืœื‘ืขื™ื”.
09:29
And 'burden' could also be the stuff that we actually carry, like the ship
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ื•'ื ื˜ืœ' ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื’ื ื”ื—ื•ืžืจ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ืืžืช ื ื•ืฉืื™ื, ื›ืžื• ื”ืกืคื™ื ื”
09:33
that got stuck in the Suez canal recently: its 'burden' was too heavy.
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ืฉื ืชืงืขื” ื‘ืชืขืœืช ืกื•ืืฅ ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื”: ื”'ื ื˜ืœ' ืฉืœื” ื”ื™ื” ื›ื‘ื“ ืžื“ื™.
09:36
The stuff it was carrying was too much.
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ื”ื—ื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ื ืฉื ื”ื™ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื“ื™.
09:40
Yeah. So, we're talking about figurative, heavy loads.
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ื›ึผึตืŸ. ืื– ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ืขื•ืžืกื™ื ืคื™ื’ื•ืจื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื™ื ื•ื›ื‘ื“ื™ื.
09:45
Yeah, exactly. And 'burden' can be a verb. So, you're talking
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ื›ืŸ ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง. ื•'ื ื˜ืœ' ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืคื•ืขืœ. ืื–, ืืชื” ืžื“ื‘ืจ
09:49
about the stuff you put on: this heavy load โ€“ a 'burden' on a ship.
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ืขืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืืชื” ืžืขืœื”: ื”ืžื˜ืขืŸ ื”ื›ื‘ื“ ื”ื–ื” - 'ื ื˜ืœ' ืขืœ ืกืคื™ื ื”.
09:53
You could say that 'we burden the ship' with this weight.
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ืืคืฉืจ ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉ'ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืขืžื™ืกื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืกืคื™ื ื”' ื‘ืžืฉืงืœ ื”ื–ื”.
09:57
Yeah. If I asked you to do loads of work, loads of extra work,
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ื›ึผึตืŸ. ืื ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืžื‘ืงืฉ ืžืžืš ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืŸ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”, ื”ืžื•ืŸ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื ื•ืกืคืช,
10:01
we could say that 'I was burdening you' with a load of work.
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ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉ'ื”ืขืžื™ืกืชื™ ืขืœื™ืš' ื‘ืขื•ืžืก ืฉืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”.
10:05
Yeah! So, we'd use the figurative meaning because you wouldn't
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ื›ึผึตืŸ! ืื–, ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ืคื™ื’ื•ืจื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช ื›ื™ ืœื
10:07
literally be placing microphones and computers on top of me... hopefully!
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื ืžื ื™ื—ื™ื ืขืœื™ื™ ืžื™ืงืจื•ืคื•ื ื™ื ื•ืžื—ืฉื‘ื™ื ... ื‘ืชืงื•ื•ื”!
10:12
But you would be giving me more responsibilities:
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ืื‘ืœ ืืชื” ื”ื™ื™ืช ื ื•ืชืŸ ืœื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช:
10:15
I'd have to carry more responsibilities, we could say.
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ืื ื™ ืืฆื˜ืจืš ืœืฉืืช ื‘ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืืคืฉืจ ืœื•ืžืจ.
10:18
OK. Let's get a summary of that:
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ื‘ืกื“ืจ. ื‘ื•ื ื ืงื‘ืœ ืกื™ื›ื•ื ืฉืœ ื–ื”: ื”ื’ื™ืข
10:29
Time now for a recap of our vocabulary please, Tom.
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ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืœืกื™ื›ื•ื ืฉืœ ืื•ืฆืจ ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ื‘ืงืฉื”, ื˜ื•ื.
10:32
Today's vocabulary: we had 'killer' โ€“ something or someone that kills.
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ืื•ืฆืจ ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื•ื: ื”ื™ื” ืœื ื• 'ืจื•ืฆื—' - ืžืฉื”ื• ืื• ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืฉื”ื•ืจื’.
10:38
'Detrimental' โ€“ likely to cause harm.
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'ืžื–ื™ืง' - ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื’ืจื•ื ื ื–ืง.
10:40
And 'burden' โ€“ something that causes hard work or difficulty.
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ื•'ื ื˜ืœ' โ€“ ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื’ื•ืจื ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืงืฉื” ืื• ืœืงื•ืฉื™.
10:47
If you want to test yourself on the vocabulary,
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ืื ืืชื” ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืืช ืขืฆืžืš ืขืœ ืื•ืฆืจ ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื,
10:49
there's a quiz on our website bbclearningenglish.com
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ื™ืฉ ื—ื™ื“ื•ืŸ ื‘ืืชืจ ืฉืœื ื• bbclearningenglish.com
10:53
and we are also all over social media.
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ื’ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื” ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช.
10:56
Thanks for joining us and we will see you next time. Goodbye.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืฉื”ืฆื˜ืจืคืช ืืœื™ื ื• ื•ื ืชืจืื” ื‘ืคืขื ื”ื‘ืื”. ื”ึฑื™ื” ืฉืœื•ื.
10:59
See you next time and see you on the website. It's a 'killer'.
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ื ืชืจืื” ื‘ืคืขื ื”ื‘ืื” ื•ื ืชืจืื” ื‘ืืชืจ. ื–ื” 'ืจื•ืฆื—'.
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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