World Space Week: Can you commit a crime in space?

28,155 views ใƒป 2021-10-04

BBC Learning English


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ. ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืžืชื•ืจื’ืžื•ืช ืžืชื•ืจื’ืžื•ืช ื‘ืžื›ื•ื ื”.

00:00
Space... above the atmosphere, are you above the law?
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ื—ืœืœ... ืžืขืœ ื”ืื˜ืžื•ืกืคืจื”, ืืชื” ืžืขืœ ื”ื—ื•ืง? ื”ืื
00:05
Can you commit a crime in outer space?
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ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื‘ืฆืข ืคืฉืข ื‘ื—ืœืœ ื”ื—ื™ืฆื•ืŸ?
00:08
We'll show you how the law is truly international when you're in orbit.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื ืจืื” ืœืš ืื™ืš ื”ื—ื•ืง ื”ื•ื ื‘ืืžืช ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ ื›ืฉืืชื” ื‘ืžืกืœื•ืœ.
00:13
How were the first space laws set up?
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ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ื•ืงืžื• ื—ื•ืงื™ ื”ื—ืœืœ ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื?
00:17
And as space travel becomes more and more accessible,
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ื•ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื”ืžืกืขื•ืช ื‘ื—ืœืœ ื”ื•ืคื›ื™ื ื ื’ื™ืฉื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื”ืื
00:20
can the law keep space safe?
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ื”ื—ื•ืง ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ื”ื—ืœืœ?
00:32
You might be surprised to learn that they are actually laws in space.
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ืื•ืœื™ ืชื•ืคืชืขื• ืœื’ืœื•ืช ืฉื”ื ืœืžืขืฉื” ื—ื•ืงื™ื ื‘ื—ืœืœ.
00:36
It got started in the 1960s.
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ื–ื” ื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ืฉื ื•ืช ื”-60.
00:40
America and Soviet Russia were rivals on Earth.
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ืืžืจื™ืงื” ื•ืจื•ืกื™ื” ื”ืกื•ื‘ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืช ื”ื™ื• ื™ืจื™ื‘ื•ืช ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ.
00:44
They were also competing in space.
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ื”ื ื’ื ื”ืชื—ืจื• ื‘ื—ืœืœ.
00:47
To keep things peaceful, they โ€“ and the United Kingdom โ€“
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ืฉืœื•ื, ื”ื - ื•ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื” -
00:51
signed the Outer Space Treaty in 1967,
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ื—ืชืžื• ืขืœ ืืžื ืช ื”ื—ืœืœ ื”ื—ื™ืฆื•ืŸ ื‘-1967,
00:55
the foundation of all international space law.
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ื”ื‘ืกื™ืก ืœื›ืœ ื—ื•ืงื™ ื”ื—ืœืœ ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ื™ื.
00:59
It says, amongst other things, that space belongs to everyone,
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ื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจ, ืฉื”ื—ืœืœ ืฉื™ื™ืš ืœื›ื•ืœื,
01:04
that space exploration should be for the good of all.
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ืฉื—ืงืจ ื”ื—ืœืœ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืช ื›ื•ืœื.
01:07
It was an attempt to stop war breaking out.
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืœืขืฆื•ืจ ืืช ืคืจื•ืฅ ื”ืžืœื—ืžื”.
01:11
It also bans nuclear weapons in space.
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ื–ื” ื’ื ืื•ืกืจ ืขืœ ื ืฉืง ื’ืจืขื™ื ื™ ื‘ื—ืœืœ.
01:14
After that, more agreements followed,
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ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ื‘ืื• ื”ืกื›ืžื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช,
01:17
saying how to protect the environment here on Earth and in space,
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ืฉืืžืจื• ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœื”ื’ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื›ืืŸ ืขืœ ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ ื•ื‘ื—ืœืœ,
01:21
how to deal with damage in space and even how to rescue astronauts.
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ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ื ื–ืงื™ื ื‘ื—ืœืœ ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœื”ืฆื™ืœ ืืกื˜ืจื•ื ืื•ื˜ื™ื.
01:26
But as more countries, and even companies,
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช, ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช,
01:29
are trying to get into space,
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ืžื ืกื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืœื—ืœืœ,
01:31
can space law change quickly enough?
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ื”ืื ื—ื•ืงื™ ื”ื—ืœืœ ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชื ื•ืช ืžื”ืจ ืžืกืคื™ืง?
01:35
To tell us how this treaty was formed,
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืกืคืจ ืœื ื• ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื ื•ืฆืจื” ื”ืืžื ื” ื”ื–ื•,
01:37
here's space lawyer Jessica Noble:
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ื”ื ื” ืขื•ืจื›ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ื—ืœืœ ื’'ืกื™ืงื” ื ื•ื‘ืœ:
01:40
We were beginning to... to see the effects that...
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ื”ืชื—ืœื ื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช ืฉื™ืฉ
01:46
that things like colonialism and exploitation
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ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ืžื• ืงื•ืœื•ื ื™ืืœื™ื–ื ื•ื ื™ืฆื•ืœ
01:51
had on the rest of the world,
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ืขืœ ืฉืืจ ื”ืขื•ืœื,
01:53
and so I believe that countries took a look at
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ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ืŸ ืฉืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืกืชื›ืœื• ืขืœ
01:57
the Outer Space Treaty and what they wanted
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ืืžื ืช ื”ื—ืœืœ ื”ื—ื™ืฆื•ืŸ ื•ืžื” ื”ื ืจืฆื•
02:01
for this exploration into a new realm,
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ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื—ืงืจ ื–ื” ืœืชื—ื•ื ื—ื“ืฉ,
02:07
and wanted this to be an area for peaceful purposes
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ื•ืจืฆื• ืฉื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ืื–ื•ืจ ืœืžื˜ืจื•ืช ืฉืœื•ื
02:13
and that would be accessible to all countries,
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ื•ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ื ื’ื™ืฉ ืœื›ืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช,
02:16
regardless of their level of sophistication,
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ืœืœื ืงืฉืจ ืœืจืžืช ื”ืชื—ื›ื•ื ืฉืœื”ืŸ,
02:21
regardless of their...
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ืœืœื ืงืฉืจ ืœืจืžืชืŸ. ..
02:24
their economic levels.
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ื”ืจืžื•ืช ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื.
02:28
This really was to be a free space for everyone.
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ื–ื” ื‘ืืžืช ื”ื™ื” ืืžื•ืจ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืงื•ื ืคื ื•ื™ ืœื›ื•ืœื.
02:32
The Outer Space Treaty reflected
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ื”ืกื›ื ื”ื—ืœืœ ื”ื—ื™ืฆื•ืŸ ืฉื™ืงืฃ
02:35
the colonial past of some of the countries.
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ืืช ื”ืขื‘ืจ ื”ืงื•ืœื•ื ื™ืืœื™ ืฉืœ ื›ืžื” ืžื”ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช.
02:38
It was meant to make space available for all.
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ื–ื” ื ื•ืขื“ ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืžืงื•ื ื–ืžื™ืŸ ืœื›ื•ืœื.
02:41
The Outer Space Treaty came about
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ืืžื ืช ื”ื—ืœืœ ื”ื—ื™ืฆื•ืŸ ื ื•ืฆืจื”
02:45
at a time period in history
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ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ื‘ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื”
02:48
when countries were trying to avoid
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ืฉื‘ื” ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื ื™ืกื• ืœื”ื™ืžื ืข
02:51
any escalation in nuclear activity.
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ืžื›ืœ ื”ืกืœืžื” ื‘ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ื’ืจืขื™ื ื™ืช.
02:57
The countries of the world wanted to stop short
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ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ืจืฆื• ืœื”ืคืกื™ืง
03:02
of nuclear testing
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ืขื ื ื™ืกื•ื™ื™ื ื’ืจืขื™ื ื™ื™ื
03:04
or placing nuclear weapons in space,
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ืื• ื”ืฆื‘ืช ื ืฉืง ื’ืจืขื™ื ื™ ื‘ื—ืœืœ,
03:07
and so it was a bit of a miracle
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ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืงืฆืช ื ืก
03:11
that you had these countries come together in 1967
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ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืœืš ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืืœื” ืœื”ืชืื—ื“ ื‘-1967
03:15
to... to collectively say,
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ื›ื“ื™... ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ ื‘ื™ื—ื“,
03:19
'No, we will not continue with nuclear testing in space
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'ืœื, ืื ื—ื ื• ื ืขืฉื” ืœื ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ื‘ื ื™ืกื•ื™ื™ื ื’ืจืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ื‘ื—ืœืœ
03:25
or placing nuclear weapons in space.'
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ืื• ื”ืฆื‘ืช ื ืฉืง ื’ืจืขื™ื ื™ ื‘ื—ืœืœืด.
03:28
They understood the gravity of... of the situation
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ื”ื ื”ื‘ื™ื ื• ืืช ื—ื•ืžืจืช... ื”ืžืฆื‘
03:33
and came together to say, as... as humanity โ€“
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ื•ื”ืชืื—ื“ื• ื•ืืžืจื•, ืฉื›ืŸ... ื›ืื ื•ืฉื•ืช โ€“
03:36
we don't want this for space exploration.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืืช ื–ื” ืœื—ืงืจ ื”ื—ืœืœ.
03:39
And they carved space out as a...
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ื•ื”ื ื—ืฆื‘ื• ืืช ื”ื—ืœืœ ื›...
03:44
a special place for all countries to explore
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ืžืงื•ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืœื›ืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืœื—ืงื•ืจ
03:49
and to... to use outer space.
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ื•ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื—ืœืœ ื”ื—ื™ืฆื•ืŸ.
03:53
The Outer Space Treaty was partly designed
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ืืžื ืช ื”ื—ืœืœ ื”ื—ื™ืฆื•ืŸ ืชื•ื›ื ื ื” ื‘ื—ืœืงื”
03:55
to stop nuclear weapons in space,
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ืœืขืฆื•ืจ ื ืฉืง ื’ืจืขื™ื ื™ ื‘ื—ืœืœ,
03:57
because of conflicts when it was written.
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืขื™ืžื•ืชื™ื ื›ืฉื ื›ืชื‘ื”.
04:00
What happens if someone breaks the treaty?
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ืžื” ื™ืงืจื” ืื ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื™ืคืจ ืืช ื”ืืžื ื”?
04:02
If someone broke the treaty, there are provisions within it to...
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ืื ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื”ืคืจ ืืช ื”ืืžื ื”, ื™ืฉ ื‘ืชื•ื›ื” ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ืœ...
04:08
to be able to allow a country
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ืœืืคืฉืจ ืœืžื“ื™ื ื”
04:12
to bring a claim against another country
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ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ื ื’ื“ ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืื—ืจืช
04:15
in the International Court of Justice.
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ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ ืœืฆื“ืง.
04:18
And in terms of individuals, has anyone broken the law in space?
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ื•ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื™ื—ื™ื“ื™ื, ื”ืื ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืขื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ื—ื•ืง ื‘ื—ืœืœ?
04:23
To date, no one has had a criminal case
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ืขื“ ื”ื™ื•ื ืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืœื
04:26
brought against them for having...
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ื”ื•ื’ืฉ ื ื’ื“ื• ืชื™ืง ืคืœื™ืœื™ ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉ...
04:29
for breaking the law in space โ€“ not to my knowledge.
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ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ืขื‘ื™ืจื” ืขืœ ื”ื—ื•ืง ื‘ืžืจื—ื‘ โ€“ ืœื ืœืžื™ื˜ื‘ ื™ื“ื™ืขืชื™.
04:33
If a country breaks the law in space,
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ืื ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืคืจื” ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืง ื‘ื—ืœืœ,
04:36
ย  the International Court of Justice would handle some cases.
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ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ ืœืฆื“ืง ื™ื˜ืคืœ ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื.
04:39
No one has broken the law in space so far.
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ืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืœื ืขื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ื—ื•ืง ื‘ื—ืœืœ ืขื“ ื›ื”.
04:43
So, space law was designed to stop nuclear war
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ืื–, ื—ื•ืง ื”ื—ืœืœ ื ื•ืขื“ ืœืขืฆื•ืจ ืžืœื—ืžื” ื’ืจืขื™ื ื™ืช
04:47
and make sure that space is truly for all nations.
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ื•ืœื•ื•ื“ื ืฉื”ื—ืœืœ ื”ื•ื ื‘ืืžืช ืœื›ืœ ื”ืขืžื™ื.
04:51
But what about the future?
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ืื‘ืœ ืžื” ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืขืชื™ื“?
04:55
Much of space law only talks about countries.
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ืจื•ื‘ ื—ื•ืงื™ ื”ื—ืœืœ ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืจืง ืขืœ ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช.
04:59
But, as companies like SpaceX, Blue Origin and Virgin Galactic
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ืื‘ืœ, ื›ืฉื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื›ืžื• SpaceX, Blue Origin ื•-Virgin Galactic
05:03
start to grow, what about the future of space travel?
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ืžืชื—ื™ืœื•ืช ืœืฆืžื•ื—, ืžื” ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืขืชื™ื“ ื”ืžืกืข ื‘ื—ืœืœ?
05:07
Does the law needs to change?
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ื”ืื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืง?
05:11
The asteroid belt is potentially full of valuable metals,
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ื—ื’ื•ืจืช ื”ืืกื˜ืจื•ืื™ื“ื™ื ืขืฉื•ื™ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืœืื” ื‘ืžืชื›ื•ืช ื™ืงืจื•ืช ืขืจืš,
05:14
worth trillions and trillions of dollars.
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ื‘ืฉื•ื•ื™ ื˜ืจื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ื•ื˜ืจื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ื“ื•ืœืจื™ื.
05:17
What's to stop a company doing what it wants to get that wealth?
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ืžื” ืžื•ื ืข ืžื—ื‘ืจื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื ืจื•ืฆื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืืช ื”ืขื•ืฉืจ ื”ื–ื”?
05:21
And what about traffic? The more things that are in orbit,
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ื•ืžื” ืขื ื”ืชื ื•ืขื”? ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื™ื•ืชืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ืžืกืœื•ืœ,
05:25
the more likely they'll hit each other.
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ื›ืš ื’ื“ืœ ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ ืฉื”ื ื™ืคื’ืขื• ื–ื” ื‘ื–ื”.
05:29
So, how can laws designed for countries affect companies?
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ืื– ืื™ืš ื—ื•ืงื™ื ื”ืžื™ื•ืขื“ื™ื ืœืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช?
05:33
Here's commercial space lawyer Deepika Jayakodi.
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ื”ื ื” ืขื•ืจื›ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืœื—ืœืœ ืžืกื—ืจื™ ื“ื™ืคื™ืงื” ื’'ื™ืืงื•ื“ื™.
05:36
The countries where they come from,
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ืœืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืžื”ืŸ ื”ืŸ ืžื’ื™ืขื•ืช,
05:39
or the countries where the companies are registered,
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ืื• ืœืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื”ืŸ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืจืฉื•ืžื•ืช,
05:42
have a responsibility under international space law
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ื™ืฉ ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืขืœ ืคื™ ื—ื•ืง ื”ื—ืœืœ ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™
05:47
to supervise and authorise the activities of their nationals.
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ืœืคืงื— ื•ืœืืฉืจ ืืช ื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื–ืจื—ื™ื”ืŸ.
05:52
So, in this way international law is flown down through the country
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ืœื›ืŸ, ื‘ื“ืจืš ื–ื• ืžื˜ื™ืกื™ื ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืง ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ ื“ืจืš ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”
05:58
to individuals and private companies.
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ืืœ ื™ื—ื™ื“ื™ื ื•ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช.
06:01
Countries must supervise and authorise
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ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœืคืงื— ื•ืœืืฉืจ
06:04
the activities of their nationals in space,
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ืืช ื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื–ืจื—ื™ื”ืŸ ื‘ื—ืœืœ,
06:07
so they apply international laws to their companies.
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ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ืŸ ืžื™ื™ืฉืžื•ืช ื—ื•ืงื™ื ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืฉืœื”ืŸ.
06:10
Would these laws ever just apply to companies directly?
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ื”ืื ืื™ ืคืขื ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื™ื—ื•ืœื• ืจืง ืขืœ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื™ืฉื™ืจื•ืช?
06:14
The responsibility will always be on a country to...
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ื”ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืชืžื™ื“ ืชื”ื™ื” ืขืœ ืžื“ื™ื ื”...
06:20
to regulate how their private companies work.
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ืœื”ืกื“ื™ืจ ืื™ืš ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื” ืคื•ืขืœื•ืช.
06:24
Just to give you an example,
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ืจืง ื›ื“ื™ ืœืชืช ืœืš ื“ื•ื’ืžื”,
06:26
when you are talking about space tourism โ€“
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ื›ืฉืืชื” ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืชื™ื™ืจื•ืช ื—ืœืœ -
06:30
sending private people to space โ€“
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ืฉืœื™ื—ืช ืื ืฉื™ื ืคืจื˜ื™ื™ื ืœื—ืœืœ -
06:33
the responsibility is on the countries to determine
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ื”ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืœืงื‘ื•ืข
06:37
how they will authorise passenger protection,
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ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ืŸ ื™ืืฉืจื• ื”ื’ื ื” ืขืœ ื ื•ืกืขื™ื,
06:41
damages and so on.
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ื ื–ืงื™ื ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืœืื”.
06:43
A country is always responsible for making private companies
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ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืชืžื™ื“ ืื—ืจืื™ืช ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช
06:46
follow the laws of that country,
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ืœืฆื™ื™ืช ืœื—ื•ืงื™ื ืฉืœ ืื•ืชื” ืžื“ื™ื ื”,
06:49
even if that company is in space.
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ื’ื ืื ืื•ืชื” ื—ื‘ืจื” ื ืžืฆืืช ื‘ื—ืœืœ.
06:52
Law normally develops from things that have happened before;
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ื”ื—ื•ืง ืžืชืคืชื— ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืงืจื• ื‘ืขื‘ืจ;
06:55
this is hard in space.
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ื–ื” ืงืฉื” ื‘ื—ืœืœ.
06:57
How do lawmakers make space laws?
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ืื™ืš ืžื—ื•ืงืงื™ื ืžื—ื•ืงืงื™ื ื—ื•ืงื™ ื—ืœืœ?
07:01
So, space lawyers look at the technology โ€“
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ืื–, ืขื•ืจื›ื™ ื“ื™ืŸ ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื—ืœืœ ืžืกืชื›ืœื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” -
07:05
what the technology is meant to do,
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ืžื” ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื ื•ืขื“ื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช,
07:08
how people benefit from it โ€“
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ืื™ืš ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืจื•ื•ื™ื—ื™ื ืžืžื ื” -
07:10
and they go on to set up the boundaries.
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ื•ื”ื ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื™ื ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืืช ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช.
07:14
So, they don't go into the specifics; they set up the boundaries,
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ืื–, ื”ื ืœื ื ื›ื ืกื™ื ืœืคืจื˜ื™ื ื”ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ื™ื; ื”ื ืงื‘ืขื• ืืช ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช,
07:18
within which we can enable this technology,
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ืฉื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืืคืฉืจ ืืช ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื”ื–ื•,
07:22
carry on the space activity
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ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ื‘ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ื—ืœืœ
07:24
and get some use from it.
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ื•ืœื”ืคื™ืง ืžืžื ื” ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ.
07:29
Space law is constantly evolving in that manner.
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ื—ื•ืง ื”ื—ืœืœ ืžืชืคืชื— ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื–ื•.
07:34
Lawmakers look at how technology is developing
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ืžื—ื•ืงืงื™ื ื‘ื•ื—ื ื™ื ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืžืชืคืชื—ืช
07:36
and what laws are required.
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ื•ืื™ืœื• ื—ื•ืงื™ื ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื.
07:39
There is an increasing amount of space traffic:
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ื™ืฉ ื›ืžื•ืช ื”ื•ืœื›ืช ื•ื’ื•ื‘ืจืช ืฉืœ ืชืขื‘ื•ืจืช ื—ืœืœ:
07:41
does that need an increasing number of laws?
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ื”ืื ื–ื” ืžืฆืจื™ืš ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื•ืœืš ื•ื’ื“ืœ ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืงื™ื?
07:44
There is an increasing amount of discussions on the laws,
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ื™ืฉ ื›ืžื•ืช ื”ื•ืœื›ืช ื•ื’ื•ื‘ืจืช ืฉืœ ื“ื™ื•ื ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ื,
07:51
in order to accommodate these...
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื›ื™ืœ ืืช
07:54
these new activities in space.
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ื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ื‘ื—ืœืœ.
07:58
Lawyers and regulators are thinking about:
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ืขื•ืจื›ื™ ื“ื™ืŸ ื•ืจื’ื•ืœื˜ื•ืจื™ื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœ:
08:02
how should the law change?
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ืื™ืš ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืง?
08:05
How do we make sure different interests are balanced?
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ืื™ืš ื ื•ื•ื“ื ืฉืื™ื ื˜ืจืกื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืžืื•ื–ื ื™ื?
08:10
And how do we make sure that these activities can continue
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ื•ืื™ืš ื ื•ื•ื“ื ืฉื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ื™ืžืฉืš
08:15
over a long period of time?
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ืœืื•ืจืš ืชืงื•ืคื” ืืจื•ื›ื”?
08:18
The law is always changing
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ื”ื—ื•ืง ืชืžื™ื“ ืžืฉืชื ื”
08:20
to make sure new activities in space are done fairly,
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื•ื•ื“ื ืฉืคืขื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื‘ื—ืœืœ ื ืขืฉื•ืช ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื”ื•ื’ื ืช,
08:24
and can go on into the future.
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ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ื™ืžืฉืš ื’ื ื‘ืขืชื™ื“.
08:27
We have seen how space law came from a desire
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ืจืื™ื ื• ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื—ื•ืง ื”ื—ืœืœ ื‘ื ืžืชื•ืš ืจืฆื•ืŸ
08:30
to ensure access to space for all.
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ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ื’ื™ืฉื” ืœื—ืœืœ ืœื›ื•ืœื.
08:33
And, as more and more people go into space,
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ื•ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื ืฉื™ื ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ืœื—ืœืœ,
08:36
international law will always be working
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ื”ื—ื•ืง ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ ืชืžื™ื“ ื™ืคืขืœ
08:39
to keep those ideals alive.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืื™ื“ื™ืืœื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื.
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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