COP26: Fossil fuel industry has largest delegation: BBC News Review

105,463 views ใƒป 2021-11-09

BBC Learning English


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ. ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืžืชื•ืจื’ืžื•ืช ืžืชื•ืจื’ืžื•ืช ื‘ืžื›ื•ื ื”.

00:00
COP26 continues this week.
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COP26 ื ืžืฉืš ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข.
00:03
And analysis shared with the BBC has found there are more representatives
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ื•ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืฉืฉื•ืชืฃ ืขื ื”-BBC ืžืฆื ืฉื™ืฉ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื ืฆื™ื’ื™ื
00:07
from the fossil fuel industry than from a single country.
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ืžืชืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ื“ืœืง ื”ืžืื•ื‘ื ื™ื ืžืืฉืจ ืžืžื“ื™ื ื” ืื—ืช.
00:12
This is BBC News Review.
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ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื”-BBC.
00:14
I'm Rob and to talk more about this story and the vocabulary,
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ืื ื™ ืจื•ื‘ ื•ื›ื“ื™ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื–ื” ื•ืขืœ ืื•ืฆืจ ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื,
00:17
we have Neil. Hello Neil.
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ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืืช ื ื™ืœ. ืฉืœื•ื ื ื™ืœ.
00:19
Hi Rob and hello everyone.
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ื”ื™ื™ ืจื•ื‘ ื•ืฉืœื•ื ืœื›ื•ืœื.
00:21
If you want to test yourself on the vocabulary you learn in this programme,
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ืื ืืชื” ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืืช ืขืฆืžืš ืขืœ ืื•ืฆืจ ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื ืฉืืชื” ืœื•ืžื“ ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื–ื•,
00:25
there is a quiz on our website at bbclearningenglish.com.
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ื™ืฉ ื—ื™ื“ื•ืŸ ื‘ืืชืจ ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ื›ืชื•ื‘ืช bbclearningenglish.com.
00:28
Now, let's find out some more about the story from this BBC news report...
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื‘ื•ืื• ื ื’ืœื” ืขื•ื“ ืงืฆืช ืขืœ ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืžื“ื™ื•ื•ื— ื”ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”-BBC...
00:50
So, as you've just heard the COP26
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ืื–, ื›ืคื™ ืฉืฉืžืขืชื ื–ื” ืขืชื” ืืช
00:52
climate summit in Glasgow
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ืคืกื’ืช ื”ืืงืœื™ื COP26 ื‘ื’ืœื–ื’ื•
00:55
in Scotland, continues. It's in its second week now and the organisation,
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ื‘ืกืงื•ื˜ืœื ื“, ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื”. ื–ื” ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื”ืฉื ื™ ืฉืœื• ื•ื”ืืจื’ื•ืŸ,
01:00
Global Witness, claims that there are more representatives
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Global Witness, ื˜ื•ืขืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื ืฆื™ื’ื™ื
01:04
from the fossil fuel industries at the conference
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ืžืชืขืฉื™ื•ืช ื”ื“ืœืง ื”ืžืื•ื‘ื ื™ื ื‘ื›ื ืก
01:08
than from any single country.
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ืžืืฉืจ ืžื›ืœ ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื‘ื•ื“ื“ืช.
01:12
Yeah. And we've got three words and expressions we can learn
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ื›ึผึตืŸ. ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืžื™ืœื™ื ื•ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ื™ื ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืœืžื•ื“
01:14
about to talk about this story,
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ืขืœื™ื”ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื–ื”,
01:16
haven't we?
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ืœื?
01:17
We have Rob. We have 'delegation', 'fossil' and 'swamp'.
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ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืืช ืจื•ื‘. ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• 'ืžืฉืœื—ืช', 'ืžืื•ื‘ืŸ' ื•'ื‘ื™ืฆื”'.
01:26
So that's 'delegation', 'fossil' and 'swamp'.
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ืื– ื–ื” 'ืžืฉืœื—ืช', 'ืžืื•ื‘ืŸ' ื•'ื‘ื™ืฆื”'.
01:30
And we're going to find out where these words appear in the news headlines.
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœื’ืœื•ืช ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืžื•ืคื™ืขื•ืช ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ื‘ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช.
01:33
So, what is your first headline
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ืื– ืžื” ื”ื›ื•ืชืจืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉืœืš
01:34
please, Neil?
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ื‘ื‘ืงืฉื”, ื ื™ืœ?
01:36
OK, well, my first headline comes from the BBC and it is 'COP26,
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ื‘ืกื“ืจ, ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื”ื›ื•ืชืจืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉืœื™ ืžื’ื™ืขื” ืžื”-BBC ื•ื”ื™ื "COP26,
01:42
fossil fuel industry has largest delegation at climate summit'.
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ืœืชืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ื“ืœืง ื”ืžืื•ื‘ื ื™ื ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ืžืฉืœื—ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืคืกื’ืช ื”ืืงืœื™ื".
01:48
That's 'delegation' - group of people chosen to represent an organisation.
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ื–ื• 'ืžืฉืœื—ืช' - ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื ื‘ื—ืจื” ืœื™ื™ืฆื’ ืืจื’ื•ืŸ.
01:54
That's right.
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ื–ื” ื ื›ื•ืŸ.
01:55
And it's spelt d-e-l-e-g-a-t-i-o-n
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ื•ื–ื” ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื“-ื”-ืœ-ืข-ื’-ื-ืช-ื™-ื•-ืŸ
02:03
And a delegation is a group of delegates, is that right?
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ื•ืžืฉืœื—ืช ื”ื™ื ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ืฆื™ืจื™ื, ื ื›ื•ืŸ?
02:08
That's right, yes.
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ื ื›ื•ืŸ, ื›ืŸ.
02:09
So a delegation is a group of people.
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ืื– ืžืฉืœื—ืช ื”ื™ื ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื.
02:12
A delegation - but it's a group of people made up of delegates.
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ืžืฉืœื—ืช - ืื‘ืœ ื–ื• ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ืช ืžื ืฆื™ื’ื™ื.
02:17
And delegates are people who are there to represent the interests
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ื•ื ืฆื™ื’ื™ื ื”ื ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื ืžืฆืื™ื ืฉื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื™ื™ืฆื’ ืืช ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจืกื™ื
02:22
of an organisation. And that organisation could be a company or a country.
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ืฉืœ ืืจื’ื•ืŸ. ื•ื”ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจื” ืื• ืžื“ื™ื ื”.
02:29
Right. Small and big.
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ื™ืžื™ืŸ. ืงื˜ืŸ ื•ื’ื“ื•ืœ.
02:30
OK, and we tend to say we 'send a delegation' somewhere,
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ื‘ืกื“ืจ, ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ื ื•ื˜ื™ื ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• 'ืฉื•ืœื—ื™ื ืžืฉืœื—ืช' ืœืื ืฉื”ื•,
02:34
don't we - to do something?
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ื ื›ื•ืŸ - ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžืฉื”ื•?
02:37
Yes, you send a delegation somewhere, so that you don't have to send all
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ื›ืŸ, ืืชื” ืฉื•ืœื— ืžืฉืœื—ืช ืœืื ืฉื”ื•, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ืชืฆื˜ืจืš ืœืฉืœื•ื— ืืช ื›ืœ
02:41
of members of the organisation to express their opinion.
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ื—ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืข ืืช ื“ืขืชื.
02:44
It's more efficient to have a small group
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ื–ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื™ืขื™ืœ ืฉื™ืฉ ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืงื˜ื ื”
02:47
of people representing those views and opinions.
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ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืžื™ื™ืฆื’ื™ื ืืช ื”ื“ืขื•ืช ื•ื”ื“ืขื•ืช ื”ืืœื”.
02:51
So those are the delegates and they make up the delegation.
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ืื– ืืœื” ื”ื ืฆื™ื’ื™ื ื•ื”ื ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืฉืœื—ืช.
02:55
What about the verb form.
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ืžื” ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืฆื•ืจืช ื”ืคื•ืขืœ.
02:56
I've heard about 'to delegate' something.
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ืฉืžืขืชื™ ืขืœ 'ืœื”ืืฆื™ืœ' ืžืฉื”ื•.
03:00
That's right, yes, there's a verb 'to delegate', notice the difference
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ื ื›ื•ืŸ, ื›ืŸ, ื™ืฉ ืคื•ืขืœ 'ืœื”ืืฆื™ืœ', ืฉื™ืžื• ืœื‘ ืœื”ื‘ื“ืœ
03:05
in pronunciation.
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ื‘ื”ื’ื™ื™ื”.
03:07
It's spelt exactly the same way as delegate - a person - delegate.
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ื–ื” ืžืื•ื™ืช ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืื•ืคืŸ ื›ืžื• ื ืฆื™ื’ - ืื“ื - ื ืฆื™ื’.
03:12
But the verb is 'to delegate'.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืคื•ืขืœ ื”ื•ื 'ืœื”ืืฆื™ืœ'.
03:15
Delegate. And you delegate work when you give it to somebody else to do on your behalf.
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ื ึธืฆึดื™ื’. ื•ืืชื” ืžืืฆื™ืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื›ืฉืืชื” ื ื•ืชืŸ ืื•ืชื” ืœืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืื—ืจ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื‘ืฉืžืš.
03:23
So, for example, this often happens -
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ืื–, ืœืžืฉืœ, ื–ื” ืงื•ืจื” ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช -
03:26
your boss is too busy -
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ื”ื‘ื•ืก ืฉืœืš ืขืกื•ืง ืžื“ื™ -
03:27
- says he's too busy or too lazy - and gives you that work to do.
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- ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ืขืกื•ืง ืžื“ื™ ืื• ืขืฆืœืŸ ืžื“ื™ - ื•ื ื•ืชืŸ ืœืš ืืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ื–ื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช.
03:33
They might say 'I'd like to delegate this work to you'. It means give you
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ื”ื ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœื•ืžืจ 'ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ืืฆื™ืœ ืœืš ืืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ื–ื•'. ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืœืชืช ืœืš
03:38
the responsibility for doing it. And the act of doing that is delegation? ย 
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ืืช ื”ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื–ื”. ื•ื”ืคืขื•ืœื” ืฉืœ ื–ื” ื”ื™ื ื”ืืฆืœื”?
03:43
Yes, so we come back to that word 'delegation' that
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ื›ืŸ, ืื– ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื•ื–ืจื™ื ืœืžื™ืœื” ื”ื–ื• 'ืžืฉืœื—ืช'
03:46
this is a slightly different meaning. So 'a delegation'
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ืฉื–ื• ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืงืฆืช ืื—ืจืช. ืื– 'ืžืฉืœื—ืช'
03:51
that we heard at the beginning,
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ืฉืฉืžืขื ื• ื‘ื”ืชื—ืœื”,
03:52
is that group of people group - group of delegates,
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ื”ื™ื ืื•ืชื” ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ืื ืฉื™ื - ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ืฆื™ืจื™ื,
03:55
but in this sense that we just talked about
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ื”ื–ื” ืฉื“ื™ื‘ืจื ื• ืขืœื™ื• ืขื›ืฉื™ื•
03:57
from the verb 'to delegate' - that activity is 'delegation'.
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ืžื”ืคื•ืขืœ 'ืœื”ืืฆื™ืœ' - ื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ื–ื• ื”ื™ื 'ืืฆืœื”'.
04:04
OK, and if my boss was to delegate some work to me
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ืื•ืงื™ื™, ื•ืื ื”ื‘ื•ืก ืฉืœื™ ื”ื™ื” ืžื—ืœืง ืœื™ ืงืฆืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”
04:07
and I want some more money for that, would I send a delegation
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ื•ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืขื•ื“ ื›ืกืฃ ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื–ื”, ื”ืื ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืฉื•ืœื— ืžืฉืœื—ืช
04:10
to the boss to demand more money for that?
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ืœื‘ื•ืก ื›ื“ื™ ืœื“ืจื•ืฉ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ืกืฃ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื–ื”?
04:15
No, again that is something that will happen at a higher level.
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ืœื, ืฉื•ื‘ ื–ื” ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื™ืงืจื” ื‘ืจืžื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ.
04:19
They would be more organised, more official.
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ื”ื ื™ื”ื™ื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืื•ืจื’ื ื™ื, ื™ื•ืชืจ ืจืฉืžื™ื™ื.
04:23
So, if you were really upset about the fact
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ืื– ืื ื”ื™ื™ืช ืžืžืฉ ื›ื•ืขืก ืขืœ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื”
04:25
you'd been given some extra work to do, you might speak to your trade union,
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ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื ื•ืกืคืช ืœืขืฉื•ืช, ืื•ืœื™ ืชื“ื‘ืจ ืขื ื”ืื™ื’ื•ื“ ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ ืฉืœืš,
04:29
if you were a member of a trade union,
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ืื ื”ื™ื™ืช ื—ื‘ืจ ื‘ืื™ื’ื•ื“ ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™,
04:31
and eventually they might organise a delegation,
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ื•ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœืืจื’ืŸ ืžืฉืœื—ืช,
04:34
or send some delegates to a meeting with your employer.
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ืื• ืœืฉืœื•ื— ื›ืžื” ื ืฆื™ื’ื™ื ืœืคื’ื™ืฉื” ืขื ื”ืžืขืกื™ืง ืฉืœืš.
04:38
OK, right, understood!
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ื‘ืกื“ืจ, ื ื›ื•ืŸ, ื”ื‘ื ืชื™!
04:40
Thanks for that Neil.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืขืœ ื–ื” ื ื™ืœ.
04:41
Let's have a summary of that word.
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ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืขืฉื” ืกื™ื›ื•ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžื™ืœื” ื”ื–ื•.
04:52
If you want to talk more about COP26,
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ืื ืืชื” ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื“ื‘ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ COP26,
04:54
we have a special one-off video that teaches you some useful vocabulary
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ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ื—ื“ ืคืขืžื™ ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืฉืžืœืžื“ ืื•ืชืš ื›ืžื” ืื•ืฆืจ ืžื™ืœื™ื ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื™
04:58
about the conference and climate change in general.
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ืขืœ ื”ื›ื ืก ื•ืขืœ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ ื”ืืงืœื™ื ื‘ื›ืœืœ.
05:02
Where can people see that video, Neil?
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ืื™ืคื” ืื ืฉื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื”, ื ื™ืœ?
05:04
Yep, all they need to do is click on the link below
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ื›ืŸ, ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื”ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ื” ืœืœื—ื•ืฅ ืขืœ ื”ืงื™ืฉื•ืจ ืœืžื˜ื”
05:06
to learn some really crucial expressions such as 'net zero',
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื›ืžื” ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ื™ื ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ื™ื ื‘ืืžืช ื›ืžื• 'ื ื˜ื• ืืคืก'
05:10
and 'circular economy'.
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ื•'ื›ืœื›ืœื” ืžืขื’ืœื™ืช'.
05:12
Just click on the link.
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ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœื—ืฅ ืขืœ ื”ืงื™ืฉื•ืจ.
05:13
Down below. Thank you.
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ืฉื ืœืžื˜ื”. ืชื•ื“ื”.
05:15
OK, what's your next headline please?
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ื‘ืกื“ืจ, ืžื” ื”ื›ื•ืชืจืช ื”ื‘ืื” ืฉืœืš ื‘ื‘ืงืฉื”?
05:17
The next headline is from the Mail Online and it is 'COP26's
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ื”ื›ื•ืชืจืช ื”ื‘ืื” ื”ื™ื ืžื”-Mail Online ื•ื–ื•
05:22
largest delegation? The fossil fuel industry!
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ื”ืžืฉืœื—ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ 'COP26? ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ื“ืœืง ื”ืžืื•ื‘ื ื™ื!
05:26
More than five hundred people with links to oil and gas interests
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ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื—ืžืฉ ืžืื•ืช ืื ืฉื™ื ืขื ืงืฉืจื™ื ืœืชื—ื•ืžื™ ื ืคื˜ ื•ื’ื– ืžื•ืกืžื›ื™ื
05:30
are accredited for summit -
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ืœืคืกื’ื” -
05:32
More than from any single country, says study.
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ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื›ืœ ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืื—ืช, ืื•ืžืจ ืžื—ืงืจ.
05:37
That's 'fossil' - made from decayed materials from thousands of years ago.
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ื–ื” 'ืžืื•ื‘ืŸ' - ืขืฉื•ื™ ืžื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืžืชืคื•ืจืจื™ื ืžืœืคื ื™ ืืœืคื™ ืฉื ื™ื.
05:44
Yeah, that's fossil f-o-s-s-i-l. And we're using this with 'fossil fuels'?
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ื›ืŸ, ื–ื” ืžืื•ื‘ืŸ f-o-s-s-i-l. ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื–ื” ืขื 'ื“ืœืง ืžืื•ื‘ื ื™ื'?
05:52
That's right. So, in this case
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ื–ื” ื ื›ื•ืŸ. ืื– ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื”ื–ื”
05:54
this is actually a fixed expression 'fossil fuel' and the 'fossil' refers
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ื–ื”ื• ืœืžืขืฉื” ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ืงื‘ื•ืข 'ื“ืœืง ืžืื•ื‘ืŸ' ื•ื”'ืžืื•ื‘ืŸ' ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืก
05:59
to the old materials and decaying animals from thousands and thousands
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ืœื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ื”ื™ืฉื ื™ื ื•ืœื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืžืชืคื•ืจืจื™ื ืžืœืคื ื™ ืืœืคื™ ื•ืืœืคื™
06:06
of years ago that turn into coal, turn into oil, that we then burn
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ืฉื ื™ื ืฉื”ื•ืคื›ื™ื ืœืคื—ื, ื”ื•ืคื›ื™ื ืœื ืคื˜, ืฉืื•ืชื ืื ื• ืฉื•ืจืคื™ื
06:11
and it puts that carbon into the atmosphere which is the problem.
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ื•ื–ื” ืžื›ื ื™ืก ืืช ื”ืคื—ืžืŸ ืœืื˜ืžื•ืกืคื™ืจื” ืฉื–ื• ื”ื‘ืขื™ื”.
06:15
And it relates to a fossil, which is something that I might find
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ื•ื–ื” ืงืฉื•ืจ ืœืžืื•ื‘ืŸ, ืฉื–ื” ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืžืฆื•ื
06:19
on a beach for example.
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ืขืœ ื—ื•ืฃ ืœืžืฉืœ.
06:21
It's like, erm, a shape of an old creature in a rock, isn't it?
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ื–ื” ื›ืžื•, ืืžืž, ืฆื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื™ืฉืŸ ื‘ืกืœืข, ืœื?
06:26
That's right.
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ื–ื” ื ื›ื•ืŸ.
06:27
So this word 'fossil' is also often used in a very, sort of, similar,
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ืื– ื”ืžื™ืœื” ื”ื–ื• 'ืžืื•ื‘ืŸ' ืžืฉืžืฉืช ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื’ื ื‘ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืžืื•ื“, ืžืขื™ืŸ, ื“ื•ืžื”,
06:32
similar meaning.
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ื“ื•ืžื”.
06:34
Those imprints or impressions of animals from thousands and thousands,
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ืื•ืชื ื˜ื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ืื• ื˜ื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ืžืœืคื ื™ ืืœืคื™ื ื•ืืœืคื™ื,
06:39
millions of years ago, that are inside rocks that have then compressed
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ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ืฉื ื™ื, ืฉื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืš ืกืœืขื™ื ืฉื ื“ื—ืกื• ืื–
06:44
over many thousands of years.
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ื‘ืžืฉืš ืืœืคื™ ืฉื ื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช.
06:46
That is called 'a fossil'.
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ื–ื” ื ืงืจื 'ืžืื•ื‘ืŸ'.
06:48
Yeah, but the 'fossil' in 'fossil fuels', as I say, are these old creatures
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ื›ืŸ, ืื‘ืœ ื”'ืžืื•ื‘ืŸ' ื‘'ื“ืœืงื™ื ืžืื•ื‘ื ื™ื ', ื›ืคื™ ืฉืืžืจืชื™, ืืœื• ื™ืฆื•ืจื™ื
06:53
and plants, but not the actual shape of them, they're the actual decayed thing, aren't they?
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ื•ืฆืžื—ื™ื ื™ืฉื ื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ืœื ื”ืฆื•ืจื” ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ืช ืฉืœื”ื, ื”ื ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืžืจื•ืงื‘ ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ, ืœื?
06:57
That's right. Yeah.
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ื–ื” ื ื›ื•ืŸ. ื›ึผึตืŸ.
06:58
Now, how come
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืื™ืš ื–ื”
07:00
I've heard you being called 'a fossil',
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ืฉืฉืžืขืชื™ ืฉืงื•ืจืื™ื ืœืš 'ืžืื•ื‘ืŸ',
07:02
because you're not anything to do with the shape of something in a rock, are you?
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ื›ื™ ืืชื” ืœื ืงืฉื•ืจ ืœืฆื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ืžืฉื”ื• ื‘ืกืœืข, ื ื›ื•ืŸ?
07:07
And hopefully you can't set fire to me either!
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ื•ืื ื™ ืžืงื•ื•ื” ืฉื’ื ืืชื” ืœื ืชื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืฆื™ืช ืื•ืชื™ !
07:10
Yes,OK, so we're talking about an insult here, Rob.
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ื›ืŸ, ื‘ืกื“ืจ, ืื– ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ืืŸ ืขืœ ืขืœื‘ื•ืŸ, ืจื•ื‘.
07:15
If you want to say that someone is very old, or has
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ืื ืืชื” ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืžืื•ื“ ื–ืงืŸ, ืื• ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื•
07:21
very old fashioned ideas about something, you can refer to them as 'a fossil'.
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ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืžื™ื•ืฉื ื™ื ืžืื•ื“ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืžืฉื”ื•, ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืืœื™ื”ื ื›ืืœ 'ืžืื•ื‘ืŸ'.
07:27
You could say that person is 'a fossil'...
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ืืคืฉืจ ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ืื“ื ื”ื–ื” ื”ื•ื 'ืžืื•ื‘ืŸ'...
07:30
And also 'a dinosaur' I suppose - that's something from a long time ago.
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ื•ื’ื 'ื“ื™ื ื•ื–ืื•ืจ' ืื ื™ ืžื ื™ื— - ื–ื” ืžืฉื”ื• ืžืœืคื ื™ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื–ืžืŸ.
07:34
Yes, you can also, with a similar meaning, refer to somebody with
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ื›ืŸ, ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื’ื, ื‘ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื“ื•ืžื” , ืœื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืœืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืขื
07:38
old-fashioned views as 'a dinosaur'.
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ื“ืขื•ืช ืžื™ื•ืฉื ื•ืช ื‘ืชื•ืจ 'ื“ื™ื ื•ื–ืื•ืจ'.
07:41
Yes, that's right.
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ื›ืŸ ื–ื” ื ื›ื•ืŸ.
07:42
Now, both of these are insults, but like with a lot of insults,
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืฉื ื™ ืืœื” ื”ื ืขืœื‘ื•ื ื•ืช, ืื‘ืœ ื›ืžื• ืขื ื”ืจื‘ื” ืขืœื‘ื•ื ื•ืช,
07:47
it depends on the context in which you use them -
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ื–ื” ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ื”ืงืฉืจ ืฉื‘ื• ืืชื” ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื”ื -
07:49
it can be amusing and friendly
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ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืฉืขืฉืข ื•ื™ื“ื™ื“ื•ืชื™
07:51
if it's amongst friends.
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ืื ื–ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื—ื‘ืจื™ื.
07:53
Yes, which is what it is when I'm calling you 'a fossil' OK!
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ื›ืŸ, ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉื–ื” ื›ืฉืื ื™ ืงื•ืจื ืœืš 'ืžืื•ื‘ืŸ' ื‘ืกื“ืจ!
07:56
When you called me 'a fossil'.
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ื›ืฉืงืจืืช ืœื™ 'ืžืื•ื‘ืŸ'.
07:59
I've been had been around for a while at BBC Learning English, Rob
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื›ื‘ืจ ื–ืžืŸ ืžื” ื‘-BBC ืœื•ืžื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช, ืจื•ื‘
08:02
but I'm not sure I'm, I'm a fossil yet.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ืœื ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ืฉื›ืŸ, ืื ื™ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืื•ื‘ืŸ.
08:06
Not prehistoric are you yet!
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ืืชื” ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ืคืจื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™!
08:08
No, that's right. OK, thanks for that.
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ืœื, ื–ื” ื ื›ื•ืŸ. ื‘ืกื“ืจ, ืชื•ื“ื” ืขืœ ื–ื”.
08:11
Let's have a summary of that word.
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ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืขืฉื” ืกื™ื›ื•ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžื™ืœื” ื”ื–ื•.
08:21
In our Six Minute English programme,
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ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ืฉืฉ ื“ืงื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช,
08:23
we're asking 'is the planet warming up faster?'
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืฉื•ืืœื™ื 'ื”ืื ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ ืžืชื—ืžื ืžื”ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ?'
08:27
and you can listen to a discussion about this by doing what, Neil?
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ื•ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืื–ื™ืŸ ืœื“ื™ื•ืŸ ืขืœ ื–ื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช, ื ื™ืœ?
08:31
Just click on the link that you find below.
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ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœื—ืฅ ืขืœ ื”ืงื™ืฉื•ืจ ืฉืืชื” ืžื•ืฆื ืœืžื˜ื”.
08:34
Yes, have a look down below and click.
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ื›ืŸ, ืชืกืชื›ืœ ืœืžื˜ื” ื•ืœื—ืฅ.
08:36
Great. OK, let's have a look at your next headline, please.
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ื’ื“ื•ืœ. ื‘ืกื“ืจ, ื‘ื•ื ื ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ื”ื›ื•ืชืจืช ื”ื‘ืื” ืฉืœืš, ื‘ื‘ืงืฉื”.
08:40
Yes, my next headline comes from The Mirror and it reads 'Exclusive! Outrage
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ื›ืŸ, ื”ื›ื•ืชืจืช ื”ื‘ืื” ืฉืœื™ ืžื’ื™ืขื” ืžื”ืžืจืื” ื•ื”ื™ื ื›ืชื•ื‘ื” 'ื‘ืœืขื“ื™! ื–ืขื
08:48
as fossil fuel and nuclear power firms swamp COP26
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ื›ืฉื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื“ืœืง ืžืื•ื‘ื ื™ื ื•ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื’ืจืขื™ื ื™ืช ื’ื•ื–ืœื•ืช ืืช COP26
08:53
with a thousand lobbyists.'
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ื‘ืืœืฃ ืœื•ื‘ื™ืกื˜ื™ืืด.
08:56
So that's 'swamp' - overwhelm with large numbers.
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ืื– ื–ื” 'ื‘ื™ืฆื”' - ืœื”ืฆื™ืฃ ื‘ืžืกืคืจื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื.
09:00
Yes, it's spelt s-w-a-m-p.
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ื›ืŸ, ื–ื” ืžืื•ื™ืช s-w-a-m-p.
09:04
OK, so are we talking about a sort of wet, boggy area where alligators might live?
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ืื•ืงื™ื™, ืื– ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ืžืขื™ืŸ ืื–ื•ืจ ืจื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ืžื‘ื•ืœื’ืŸ ืฉื‘ื• ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ืชื ื™ื ื™ื?
09:10
No, we're not.
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ืœื, ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื.
09:12
Although that is a swamp. In the literal sense a swamp is an area
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ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื–ื• ื‘ื™ืฆื”. ื‘ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ื”ืžื™ืœื•ืœื™ ื‘ื™ืฆื” ื”ื™ื ืื–ื•ืจ
09:17
of land that is covered in water, but is not an ocean, it's not a sea
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ืื“ืžื” ืžื›ื•ืกื” ื‘ืžื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื ืœื ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก, ื–ื” ืœื ื™ื
09:23
or a river. It's an area, low lying area of land, covered in water
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ืื• ื ื”ืจ. ื–ื” ืื–ื•ืจ, ืื–ื•ืจ ืื“ืžื” ื ืžื•ืš, ืžื›ื•ืกื” ื‘ืžื™ื
09:28
and it's got sort of grass and reads sticking out of it. Typically,
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ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื• ืžืขื™ืŸ ื“ืฉื ื•ืงืจื™ืื•ืช ืžื‘ืฆื‘ืฆื•ืช ืžืžื ื•. ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ,
09:33
as you said, alligators and other such creatures might live in this area.
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ื›ืคื™ ืฉืืžืจืช, ืชื ื™ื ื™ื ื•ื™ืฆื•ืจื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ื›ืืœื” ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ื–ื”.
09:39
And also an area that gets covered by water, or flooded
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ื•ื’ื ืื–ื•ืจ ืฉืžืชื›ืกื” ื‘ืžื™ื, ืื• ืžื•ืฆืฃ
09:42
for example, get 'swamped',
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ืœืžืฉืœ, 'ืžื•ื˜ืฃ',
09:44
doesn't it?
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ืœื?
09:45
Yeah, so the verb 'to swamp' means to make an area, a swamp.
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ื›ืŸ, ืื– ื”ืคื•ืขืœ 'ืœื‘ื™ืฆื”' ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื• ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืื–ื•ืจ, ื‘ื™ืฆื”.
09:50
So, to cover in water, but we use this
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ืื–, ืœื›ืกื•ืช ื‘ืžื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื–ื”
09:54
like with many expressions, in a figurative way.
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ื›ืžื• ืขื ื”ืจื‘ื” ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ื™ื, ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืคื™ื’ื•ืจื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช.
09:57
And that's how it's being used here. What this headline is saying
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ื•ื›ื›ื” ื–ื” ืžืฉืžืฉ ื›ืืŸ. ืžื” ืฉื”ื›ื•ืชืจืช ื”ื–ืืช ืื•ืžืจืช
10:02
is that the conference,
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ื”ื•ื ืฉื”ื•ื•ืขื™ื“ื”,
10:05
the climate conference, has been swamped. That there had been a large number
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ื•ืขื™ื“ืช ื”ืืงืœื™ื, ื”ื•ืฆืคื”. ืฉื”ืฉืชืชืคื• ื‘ื›ื ืก ืžืกืคืจ ืจื‘
10:10
of people from the fossil fuel industry attending the conference.
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ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืชืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ื“ืœืง ื”ืžืื•ื‘ื ื™ื .
10:14
They are dominating it.
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ื”ื ืฉื•ืœื˜ื™ื ื‘ื•.
10:17
So, its numbers to excess, it's excessive, yes.
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ืื–, ื”ืžืกืคืจื™ื ืฉืœื• ืžื•ื’ื–ืžื™ื, ื–ื” ืžื•ื’ื–ื, ื›ืŸ.
10:20
That's right, and we use in a similar way, the word 'flood' in a, in a figurative sense.
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ื ื›ื•ืŸ, ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื“ื•ืžื” ื‘ืžื™ืœื” 'ื”ืฆืคื”' ื‘ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืคื™ื’ื•ืจื˜ื™ื‘ื™.
10:26
If something is flooded,
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ืื ืžืฉื”ื• ืžื•ืฆืฃ,
10:29
we can say that it is overwhelmed,
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ืืคืฉืจ ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื•ืฆืฃ,
10:32
there are too many people from a certain organisation there.
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ื™ืฉ ืฉื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื“ื™ ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืืจื’ื•ืŸ ืžืกื•ื™ื.
10:39
This is also used to talk about having too much work, isn't it, Rob?
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ื–ื” ืžืฉืžืฉ ื’ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ืžื“ื™, ืœื, ืจื•ื‘?
10:43
Yeah, you can be certainly swamped with work
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ื›ืŸ, ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืฆื™ืฃ ืื•ืชืš ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”
10:45
and that's why I couldn't make that drink the other night
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ื•ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื–ื” ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื™ ืœื”ื›ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืžืฉืงื” ื”ื–ื” ื‘ืœื™ืœื” ืฉื”ื–ืžื ืช
10:48
you invited me to, because I just had too much to do - I was swamped.
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ืื•ืชื™ ืืœื™ื•, ื›ื™ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื”ื™ื” ืœื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื“ื™ ืžื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช - ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืžื•ืฆืคืช.
10:51
I was overwhelmed with all the amount of work
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื”ืžื•ื ืžื›ืœ ื›ืžื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”
10:54
I had to do.
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ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืขืฉื•ืช.
10:55
Yeah, that's a really good example,
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ื›ืŸ, ื–ื• ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืžืžืฉ ื˜ื•ื‘ื”,
10:57
though I feel sorry for you, Rob.
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ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉืื ื™ ืžืจื—ื ืขืœื™ืš, ืจื•ื‘.
10:58
That's a good example of how to use 'swamp',
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ื–ื• ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘'ื‘ื™ืฆื”',
11:00
meaning having too much of something to deal with.
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ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืš ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื“ื™ ืžืฉื”ื• ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืื™ืชื•.
11:04
Were you swamped with beer maybe,
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ื”ื•ืฆืคืช ืื•ืชืš ื‘ื‘ื™ืจื” ืื•ืœื™,
11:06
when you went to the pub without me?
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ื›ืฉื”ืœื›ืช ืœืคืื‘ ื‘ืœืขื“ื™ื™?
11:08
I wasn't. I wasn't Rob. I was very sensible.
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ืื ื™ ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื™. ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืจื•ื‘. ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืžืื•ื“ ื”ื’ื™ื•ื ื™.
11:13
That's good to hear, that's good to hear.
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ื–ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœืฉืžื•ืข, ื–ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœืฉืžื•ืข.
11:14
OK, let's have a summary of that word.
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ื‘ืกื“ืจ, ื‘ื•ื ื ืขืฉื” ืกื™ื›ื•ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžื™ืœื” ื”ื–ื•.
11:25
OK, Neil, it's time to recap the vocabulary
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ื‘ืกื“ืจ, ื ื™ืœ, ื”ื’ื™ืข ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืœืกื›ื ืืช ืื•ืฆืจ ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื
11:27
we've discussed today.
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ืฉื“ื™ื‘ืจื ื• ืขืœื™ื• ื”ื™ื•ื.
11:29
OK. First of all we had 'delegation' -
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ื‘ืกื“ืจ. ืงื•ื“ื ื›ืœ ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืœื ื• 'ืžืฉืœื—ืช' -
11:31
A group of people chosen to represent an organisation.
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ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื ื‘ื—ืจื” ืœื™ื™ืฆื’ ืืจื’ื•ืŸ.
11:36
We have 'fossil', in the expression 'fossil fuel',
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ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• 'ืžืื•ื‘ืŸ', ื‘ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ 'ื“ืœืง ืžืื•ื‘ื ื™ื',
11:40
meaning made from decade materials from thousands of years ago, and
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ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืขืฉื•ื™ ืžื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉืœ ืขืฉื•ืจ ืžืœืคื ื™ ืืœืคื™ ืฉื ื™ื,
11:45
'swamp' - overwhelm with large numbers.
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ื•'ื‘ื™ืฆื”' - ืžื•ืฆืคื™ื ื‘ืžืกืคืจื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื.
11:50
OK, and don't forget you can test yourself on your understanding
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ื‘ืกื“ืจ, ื•ืืœ ืชืฉื›ื— ืฉืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืืช ืขืฆืžืš ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื ืชืš ื‘ืื•ืฆืจ
11:54
of the vocabulary in a quiz on our website at bbclearningenglish.com.
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ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ื“ื•ืŸ ื‘ืืชืจ ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ื›ืชื•ื‘ืช bbclearningenglish.com.
11:59
And don't forget to check us out on social media as well.
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ื•ืืœ ืชืฉื›ื—ื• ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืื•ืชื ื• ื’ื ื‘ืจืฉืชื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื•ืช.
12:02
Well, that's all for today on BBC News Review.
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื–ื” ื”ื›ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ื ื‘-BBC News Review.
12:05
I'll see you again soon. Bye for now.
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ืื ื™ ืืจืื” ืื•ืชืš ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืงืจื•ื‘. ืœื”ืชืจืื•ืช ื‘ื™ื ืชื™ื™ื.
12:07
Bye.
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ื‘ื™ื™.
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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