Afghanistan: Taliban retake Kabul: BBC News Review

121,665 views ใƒป 2021-08-17

BBC Learning English


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ. ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืžืชื•ืจื’ืžื•ืช ืžืชื•ืจื’ืžื•ืช ื‘ืžื›ื•ื ื”.

00:00
In Afghanistan, the Taliban have retaken Kabul after twenty years.
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ื‘ืืคื’ื ื™ืกื˜ืŸ, ื”ื˜ืœื™ื‘ืืŸ ื›ื‘ืฉ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืืช ืงืื‘ื•ืœ ืœืื—ืจ ืขืฉืจื™ื ืฉื ื”.
00:05
I'm Catherine. This is News Review from BBC Learning English
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ืื ื™ ืงืชืจื™ืŸ. ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืกืงื™ืจืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืžื‘ื™ืช ื”-BBC Learning English
00:08
and today, joining me is Roy. Hello Roy.
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ื•ื”ื™ื•ื, ืžืฆื˜ืจืฃ ืืœื™ ืจื•ื™. ืฉืœื•ื ืจื•ืขื™.
00:12
Hello Catherine and hello everyone. If you would like to take a quiz
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ืฉืœื•ื ืงืชืจื™ืŸ ื•ืฉืœื•ื ืœื›ื•ืœื. ืื ืชืจืฆื” ืœืงื—ืช ื—ื™ื“ื•ืŸ
00:16
on the vocabulary around this story, head to our website
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ืขืœ ืื•ืฆืจ ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื–ื”, ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืœืืชืจ ืฉืœื ื•
00:19
bbclearningenglish.com to take a quiz.
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bbclearningenglish.com ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื—ืช ื—ื™ื“ื•ืŸ.
00:24
Now, let's hear more about this story from this BBC News report:
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ื›ืขืช, ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืฉืžืข ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื–ื” ืžื“ื™ื•ื•ื— ื”ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”-BBC:
00:48
The Taliban have retaken the Afghan capital of Kabul,
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ื”ื˜ืœื™ื‘ืืŸ ื”ืฉืชืœื˜ื• ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืขืœ ื‘ื™ืจืช ืืคื’ื ื™ืกื˜ืŸ ืงืื‘ื•ืœ,
00:52
twenty years after they were removed.
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ืขืฉืจื™ื ืฉื ื” ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื”ื ื”ื•ืกืจื•.
00:55
The President has left the country and people are trying to evacuate.
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ื”ื ืฉื™ื ืขื–ื‘ ืืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื•ืื ืฉื™ื ืžื ืกื™ื ืœื”ืชืคื ื•ืช.
01:00
Thank you, Roy. And you've been looking
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ืชื•ื“ื”, ืจื•ืขื™. ื•ืืชื” ื”ืกืชื›ืœืช
01:02
at the headlines around this story.
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ืขืœ ื”ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื–ื”.
01:04
You have three words and expressions for us today, don't you?
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ื™ืฉ ืœืš ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืžื™ืœื™ื ื•ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืจื ื• ื”ื™ื•ื, ื ื›ื•ืŸ?
01:07
What are they?
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ืžื” ื”ื?
01:08
We have: 'brace', 'engulfs' and 'sweep'.
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ื™ืฉ ืœื ื•: 'ืกื“', 'ื‘ื•ืœืข' ื•'ืกื•ื•ื™ืค'.
01:14
'Brace', 'engulfs' and 'sweep'. So, your first headline please.
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'ืกื“', 'ื‘ื•ืœืข' ื•'ืกื•ื•ื™ืค'. ืื– ื‘ื‘ืงืฉื”, ื”ื›ื•ืชืจืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉืœืš.
01:20
Yes, my first headline comes from the UK,
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ื›ืŸ, ื”ื›ื•ืชืจืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉืœื™ ืžื’ื™ืขื” ืžื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื”,
01:22
from the Financial Times, and it reads:
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ืžื”"ืคื™ื™ื ื ืฉืœ ื˜ื™ื™ืžืก", ื•ื”ื™ื ื›ืชื•ื‘ื”:
01:32
'Brace' โ€“ prepare for something difficult.
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'ืกื“' - ื”ื™ื›ื•ื ื• ืœืžืฉื”ื• ืงืฉื”.
01:35
Now Roy, what can you tell us about 'brace'?
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืจื•ืขื™, ืžื” ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืกืคืจ ืœื ื• ืขืœ 'ืกื“'?
01:37
Right. OK. So, this word is spelt: B-R-A-C-E.
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ื™ืžื™ืŸ. ื‘ืกื“ืจ. ืื–, ื”ืžื™ืœื” ื”ื–ื• ืžืื•ื™ืชืช: B-R-A-C-E.
01:43
Now, Catherine, when you heard about
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืงืชืจื™ืŸ, ื›ืฉืฉืžืขืช ืขืœ
01:45
the UK having a third lockdown, how did you feel?
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ืกื’ืจ ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ื‘ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื”, ืื™ืš ื”ืจื’ืฉืช?
01:50
Urgh... well, you know, I thought, 'Here we go again...
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ืื•ื—ื—... ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืืชื” ื™ื•ื“ืข, ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™, 'ื”ื ื” ืฉื•ื‘...
01:54
another lockdown. Oh, it's going to be difficult.
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ืขื•ื“ ื ืขื™ืœื”. ื”ื•, ื–ื” ื”ื•ืœืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืงืฉื”.
01:57
I'm going to have to get myself mentally prepared.'
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ืื ื™ ืืฆื˜ืจืš ืœื”ื›ื™ืŸ ืืช ืขืฆืžื™ ื ืคืฉื™ืชืด.
02:01
So, I had a little talk with myself, I bought some extra chocolates,
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ืื–, ื“ื™ื‘ืจืชื™ ืงืฆืช ืขื ืขืฆืžื™, ืงื ื™ืชื™ ืขื•ื“ ื›ืžื” ืฉื•ืงื•ืœื“ื™ื,
02:05
and, sort of, nice jogging trousers and I got ready to stay at home.
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ื•ื‘ืขืจืš, ืžื›ื ืกื™ ืจื™ืฆื” ื ื—ืžื“ื™ื ื•ื”ืชื›ื•ื ื ืชื™ ืœื”ื™ืฉืืจ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช.
02:09
So, I got myself โ€“ mentally, I made myself feel really strong
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ืื–, ื”ืฉื’ืชื™ ืืช ืขืฆืžื™ - ื ืคืฉื™ืช, ื’ืจืžืชื™ ืœืขืฆืžื™ ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ืžืžืฉ ื—ื–ืง
02:13
and decided I'm going to power through this lockdown.
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ื•ื”ื—ืœื˜ืชื™ ืฉืื ื™ ืืฆืœื™ื— ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืกื’ืจ ื”ื–ื”.
02:16
So, I had to really strengthen myself mentally.
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ืื–, ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืฆืจื™ืš ื‘ืืžืช ืœื—ื–ืง ืืช ืขืฆืžื™ ื ืคืฉื™ืช.
02:19
So... Exactly. So, you 'braced' yourself mentally:
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ืื–... ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง. ืื–, 'ื—ื™ื–ืงืช' ืืช ืขืฆืžืš ื ืคืฉื™ืช:
02:23
you prepared yourself for an unpleasant or difficult situation.
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ื”ื›ื ืช ืืช ืขืฆืžืš ืœืžืฆื‘ ืœื ื ืขื™ื ืื• ืงืฉื”.
02:28
And notice there as well โ€“ I said, 'Brace yourself.'
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ื•ืฉื™ืžื• ืœื‘ ื’ื ืฉื - ืืžืจืชื™, 'ืชืชื›ื•ื ื ื•'.
02:30
We commonly use it with words like 'brace myself', 'brace himself',
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ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืื ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื• ื‘ืžื™ืœื™ื ื›ืžื• 'ืœื”ืชืืžืŸ', 'ืœื”ืชืืžืŸ',
02:33
'brace themselves' to talk about preparing for that negative situation.
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'ืœื”ืชืืžืŸ' ื›ื“ื™ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ื›ื ื” ืœืžืฆื‘ ืฉืœื™ืœื™ ื–ื”.
02:39
So... so, is it only about mental preparation.
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ืื–... ืื–, ื–ื” ืจืง ืขืœ ื”ื›ื ื” ื ืคืฉื™ืช.
02:42
It's just about, kind of, your... your own self and feelings.
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ื–ื” ืจืง ื‘ืขืจืš, ื‘ืขืจืš, ื‘ืขืฆืžืš ื•ื‘ืจื’ืฉื•ืช ืฉืœืš.
02:45
No... no. It can also be used about 'bracing' yourself for a negative...
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ืœื ืœื. ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฉืžืฉ ื’ื ืขืœ 'ืœื”ืชื—ื–ืง' ืœืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืœื™ืœื™...
02:51
'bracing' your body for... For example, if you go on a plane,
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'ืœื”ืชื—ื–ืง' ืืช ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ืฉืœืš ืœ... ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”, ืื ืืชื” ืขื•ืœื” ืขืœ ืžื˜ื•ืก,
02:54
they quite commonly read those instructions where they say,
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ื”ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืงื•ืจืื™ื ืืช ื”ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ืฉื‘ื”ืŸ ื”ื ืื•ืžืจื™ื,
02:57
'In the event of an accident,
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'ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœ ืชืื•ื ื”,
02:59
please โ€“ you know, you put your hands behind your head, I think โ€“
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ื‘ื‘ืงืฉื” - ืืชื” ื™ื•ื“ืข, ืืชื” ืฉื ืืช ื”ื™ื“ื™ื™ื ืฉืœืš ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ ื”ืจืืฉ ืฉืœืš, ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ -
03:01
and you 'brace' yourself for impact, or 'brace for impact'.
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ื•ืืชื” 'ืžืชื—ื–ืง' ืืช ืขืฆืžืš ืœื”ืฉืคืขื”, ืื• 'ื‘ืจื™ื™ืก ืœื”ืฉืคืขื”'.
03:05
Yeah... OK. And what about โ€“ is it only for people?
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ื›ืŸ... ื‘ืกื“ืจ. ื•ืžื” ืœื’ื‘ื™ - ื”ืื ื–ื” ืจืง ืœืื ืฉื™ื?
03:08
Can you brace things?
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ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืชืงืŸ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื?
03:10
Yeah, yeah. It's a little bit different;
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ื›ืŸ ื›ืŸ. ื–ื” ืงืฆืช ืฉื•ื ื”;
03:12
for example, if you have a weakened wall in your house โ€“
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ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”, ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ืงื™ืจ ืžื•ื—ืœืฉ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืœืš -
03:16
maybe you're having some renovations and you notice that
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ืื•ืœื™ ืืชื” ืขื•ืจืš ืฉื™ืคื•ืฆื™ื ื•ืืชื” ืฉื ืœื‘
03:18
a wall is weak or some posts in the garden โ€“ maybe want to 'brace' that.
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ืฉืงื™ืจ ื—ืœืฉ ืื• ื›ืžื” ืขืžื•ื“ื™ื ื‘ื’ื™ื ื” - ืื•ืœื™ ืชืจืฆื” 'ืœื—ื–ืง' ืืช ื–ื”.
03:23
You want to support that. So, we use maybe a piece of wood
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ืืชื” ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืชืžื•ืš ื‘ื–ื”. ืื–, ืื ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ืื•ืœื™ ื‘ื—ืชื™ื›ืช ืขืฅ
03:26
or metal to reinforce the structure to support it and 'brace' it.
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ืื• ืžืชื›ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื—ื–ืง ืืช ื”ืžื‘ื ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœืชืžื•ืš ื‘ื• ื•'ืœื—ื–ืง' ืื•ืชื•.
03:32
OK. And what about 'braces' on people's teeth?
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ื‘ืกื“ืจ. ื•ืžื” ืœื’ื‘ื™ 'ืคืœื˜ื”' ืขืœ ื”ืฉื™ื ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื?
03:35
I've heard them using that expression.
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ืฉืžืขืชื™ ืื•ืชื ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื”ื–ื”.
03:37
Yeah, slightly different. It's those metal things that we put on our teeth
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ื›ืŸ, ืงืฆืช ืฉื•ื ื”. ื–ื” ืื•ืชื ื—ืคืฆื™ ืžืชื›ืช ืฉืื ื• ืฉืžื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืฉื™ื ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื ื•
03:42
and it's used to support and correct their positions.
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ื•ื”ื ืžืฉืžืฉื™ื ืœืชืžื™ื›ื” ื•ืœืชืงืŸ ืืช ืžื™ืงื•ืžื.
03:46
Thank you. Let's get a summary of that please:
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ืชื•ื“ื”. ื‘ื•ื ื ืงื‘ืœ ืกื™ื›ื•ื ืฉืœ ื–ื” ื‘ื‘ืงืฉื”:
03:56
So, talking about difficult situations that we need to 'brace' for,
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ืื–, ืื ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ืžืฆื‘ื™ื ืงืฉื™ื ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื 'ืœื”ืชื—ื–ืง' ืืœื™ื”ื,
04:00
we have a programme about the climate emergency, don't we, Roy?
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ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืขืœ ืžืฆื‘ ื”ื—ื™ืจื•ื ื”ืืงืœื™ืžื™, ื ื›ื•ืŸ, ืจื•ืขื™?
04:03
Where can we find that?
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ืื™ืคื” ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืžืฆื•ื ืืช ื–ื”?
04:05
All you need to do is click the link beneath.
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ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืืชื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื”ื•ื ืœืœื—ื•ืฅ ืขืœ ื”ืงื™ืฉื•ืจ ืœืžื˜ื”.
04:09
And your second headline please.
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ื•ื”ื›ื•ืชืจืช ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื” ืฉืœืš ื‘ื‘ืงืฉื”.
04:11
Yes. My second headline comes from Reuters and it reads:
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ื›ืŸ. ื”ื›ื•ืชืจืช ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื” ืฉืœื™ ืžื’ื™ืขื” ืžืกื•ื›ื ื•ืช ื”ื™ื“ื™ืขื•ืช ืจื•ื™ื˜ืจืก ื•ื”ื™ื ืื•ืžืจืช:
04:23
'Engulfs' โ€“ affects powerfully; overwhelms.
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'ื‘ื•ืœืขืช' - ืžืฉืคื™ืขื” ื‘ืขื•ืฆืžื”; ืžืฆื™ืฃ.
04:28
Yes. So, 'engulfs' is spelt: E-N-G-U-L-F-S.
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ื›ืŸ. ืื–, 'ื‘ื•ืœืข' ื ื›ืชื‘: E-N-G-U-L-F-S.
04:36
And it basically means that a place
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ื•ื–ื” ื‘ืขืฆื ืื•ืžืจ ืฉืžืงื•ื
04:38
or a person has been almost overwhelmed by a negative situation.
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ืื• ืื“ื ื›ืžืขื˜ ื”ื•ื›ืจืขื• ืžืžืฆื‘ ืฉืœื™ืœื™.
04:43
So, in the state of the headline โ€“ in the case of the headline โ€“
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ืื–, ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ื”ื›ื•ืชืจืช โ€“ ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ื›ื•ืชืจืช โ€“
04:46
it's saying that chaos has 'engulfed' the airport,
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ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉื›ืื•ืก 'ื‘ืœืข' ืืช ืฉื“ื” ื”ืชืขื•ืคื”,
04:49
which means there's people running around shouting,
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ืžื” ืฉืื•ืžืจ ืฉื™ืฉ ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืชืจื•ืฆืฆื™ื ื•ืฆื•ืขืงื™ื, ืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืœื
04:52
nobody knows what's happening, no one knows who's in charge
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ื™ื•ื“ืข ืžื” ืงื•ืจื”, ืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืข ืžื™ ืื—ืจืื™
04:55
and there's a lot of panic.
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ื•ื™ืฉ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืฉืœ ืคืื ื™ืงื”.
04:58
And it's happening everywhere, isn't it? It's just...
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ื•ื–ื” ืงื•ืจื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื, ืœื? ื–ื” ืคืฉื•ื˜...
04:59
it's not in, like, little... little parts of the airport.
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ื–ื” ืœื ื ืžืฆื, ื›ืื™ืœื•, ื‘ื—ืœืงื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื... ืงื˜ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืฉื“ื” ื”ืชืขื•ืคื”.
05:02
The idea of 'engulfs' means it's absolutely everywhere.
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ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ 'ื‘ื•ืœืข' ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ื ืžืฆื ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื.
05:05
All over the airport. And if a person...
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ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉื“ื” ื”ืชืขื•ืคื”. ื•ืื ืื“ื...
05:08
it's โ€“ quite commonly we use it in the passive as well.
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ื–ื” - ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืื ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื–ื” ื’ื ื‘ืคืืกื™ื‘ื™.
05:11
'He was engulfed', or 'they were engulfed',
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'ื”ื•ื ื ื‘ืœืข', ืื• 'ื”ื ื ื‘ืœืขื•',
05:13
or 'the area was engulfed'.
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ืื• 'ื”ืื–ื•ืจ ื ื‘ืœืข'.
05:15
And do we say โ€“ what prepositions are we using then, with the passive?
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ื•ื”ืื ืื ื—ื ื• ืื•ืžืจื™ื - ื‘ืื™ืœื• ืžื™ืœื•ืช ื™ื—ืก ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ืื–, ืขื ื”ืคืกื™ื‘ื™?
05:18
We commonly use it with 'in' or 'by'.
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ืื ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื• ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืขื 'in' ืื• 'by'.
05:21
So, you can be 'engulfed by' an emotion
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ืื– ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ 'ืœื”ื™ื‘ืœืข' ืžืจื’ืฉ
05:23
or you can be 'engulfed in' something.
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ืื• ืฉืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ 'ืœื”ื™ื‘ืœืข' ื‘ืžืฉื”ื•.
05:25
So, that's interesting; you're now talking about emotions rather than actions.
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ืื– ื–ื” ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ; ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืืชื” ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืจื’ืฉื•ืช ื•ืœื ืขืœ ืžืขืฉื™ื.
05:29
The airport example was about, kind of, the physical situation,
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ื”ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืฉืœ ืฉื“ื” ื”ืชืขื•ืคื” ืขืกืงื”, ื‘ืขืจืš, ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ื”ืคื™ื–ื™,
05:33
but you can also be 'engulfed' in or by an emotion, you're saying?
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ืื‘ืœ ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื’ื 'ืœื”ื™ื‘ืœืข' ื‘ืจื’ืฉ ืื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืจื’ืฉ, ืืชื” ืื•ืžืจ?
05:37
Yeah. You can be 'engulfed' by fear. So, for example,
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ื›ึผึตืŸ. ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ 'ืœื”ื™ื‘ืœืข' ื‘ืคื—ื“. ื›ืš, ืœืžืฉืœ,
05:40
if something is too overwhelmingly frightening,
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ืื ืžืฉื”ื• ืžืคื—ื™ื“ ืžื“ื™,
05:43
you can be just 'engulfed' by fear.
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ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช 'ืžื•ื‘ืœืข' ื‘ืคื—ื“.
05:47
So, that would mean, you know, you can't move,
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ืื–, ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ, ืืชื” ื™ื•ื“ืข, ืืชื” ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื–ื•ื–,
05:49
you can't talk to anybody, you're completely panicked,
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ืืชื” ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขื ืืฃ ืื—ื“, ืืชื” ืœื’ืžืจื™ ื‘ืคืื ื™ืงื”,
05:51
you can't think properly...
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ืืชื” ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื›ืžื• ืฉืฆืจื™ืš...
05:53
Absolutley. ...because the fear is so strong
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ืื‘ืกื•ืœื•ื˜ืœื™. ...ื›ื™ ื”ืคื—ื“ ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื—ื–ืง
05:54
and it's really taking over your entire person.
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ื•ื”ื•ื ื‘ืืžืช ืžืฉืชืœื˜ ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืื“ื ืฉืœืš.
05:58
Absolutely. But it's not the only case that we use 'engulf'.
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ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜. ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืœื ื”ืžืงืจื” ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืฉื‘ื• ืื ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘'ื‘ืœื•ืข'.
06:02
There is another meaning of 'engulf', which has this same idea
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ื™ืฉื ื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคืช ืฉืœ 'ืœื”ื‘ืœืข', ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื” ืื•ืชื• ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ
06:05
of being surrounded, or by... covered by something negative.
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ืฉืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ืงืฃ, ืื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™... ืžื›ื•ืกื” ื‘ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืœื™ืœื™.
06:09
For example, a building could be 'engulfed' in flames
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ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”, ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื‘ืœืข ื‘ืœื”ื‘ื•ืช
06:13
when it is completely on fire,
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ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ื•ืขืจ ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ,
06:16
or an area or a country could be 'engulfed' by a snowstorm.
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ืื• ืื–ื•ืจ ืื• ืืจืฅ ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื‘ืœืข ื‘ืกื•ืคืช ืฉืœื’ื™ื.
06:21
We've just been talking about Greece. You know, isn't it โ€“
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ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื“ื™ื‘ืจื ื• ืขืœ ื™ื•ื•ืŸ. ืืชื” ื™ื•ื“ืข, ื ื›ื•ืŸ -
06:23
large parts of Greece are 'engulfed' in wildfires, right now.
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ื—ืœืงื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืžื™ื•ื•ืŸ 'ืžื•ื‘ืœืขื™ื' ื‘ืฉืจื™ืคื•ืช ื‘ืจ, ื›ืจื’ืข.
06:27
Yes, absolutely.
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ื›ืŸ ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜.
06:29
Thank you very much. Let's get a summary:
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ืœืš. ื‘ื•ืื• ืœืงื‘ืœ ืกื™ื›ื•ื:
06:39
Yes. And talking of places being 'engulfed' in flames,
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ื›ืŸ. ื•ืื ื›ื‘ืจ ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืฉ'ื ื‘ืœืขื™ื' ื‘ืœื”ื‘ื•ืช, ื›ืŸ
06:42
we did cover the Notre Dame story, when Notre Dame Cathedral in France
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ืกื™ืงืจื ื• ืืช ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื ื•ื˜ืจื“ืื, ื›ืฉืงืชื“ืจืœืช ื ื•ื˜ืจื“ืื ื‘ืฆืจืคืช
06:47
was 'engulfed' in flames. Roy, where can we find the video for that?
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'ื ื‘ืœืขื”' ื‘ืœื”ื‘ื•ืช. ืจื•ืขื™, ืื™ืคื” ืืคืฉืจ ืœืžืฆื•ื ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืœื–ื”?
06:51
All you need to do is click the link below.
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ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืืชื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื”ื•ื ืœืœื—ื•ืฅ ืขืœ ื”ืงื™ืฉื•ืจ ืœืžื˜ื”.
06:54
And now, let's have a look at our next headline.
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ื•ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ื”ื›ื•ืชืจืช ื”ื‘ืื” ืฉืœื ื•.
06:57
Our next headline comes from Associated Press News and it reads:
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ื”ื›ื•ืชืจืช ื”ื‘ืื” ืฉืœื ื• ืžื’ื™ืขื” ืž- Associated Press News ื•ื”ื™ื ื›ืชื•ื‘ื”:
07:10
'Sweep' โ€“ move powerfully and quickly.
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'ืกื•ื•ื™ืค' - ื–ื– ื‘ืขื•ืฆืžื” ื•ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช.
07:13
Yes. So, this word is spelt: S-W-E-E-P.
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ื›ืŸ. ืื–, ื”ืžื™ืœื” ื”ื–ื• ืžืื•ื™ืชืช: S-W-E-E-P.
07:19
Now, when you clean your house, Catherine โ€“
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื›ืฉืืชื” ืžื ืงื” ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืœืš, ืงืชืจื™ืŸ -
07:21
now, I think this word is quite commonly used when talking about cleaning
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื”ืžื™ืœื” ื”ื–ื• ื“ื™ ื ืคื•ืฆื” ื›ืฉืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื ื™ืงื™ื•ืŸ
07:24
โ€“ how do you clean your house?
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- ืื™ืš ืืช ืžื ืงื” ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืœืš?
07:25
Well, what I usually do is use a vacuum cleaner, but for the purposes
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืขื•ืฉื” ื–ื” ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืฉื•ืื‘ ืื‘ืง, ืื‘ืœ ืœืžื˜ืจื•ืช
07:30
of this programme, I'm going to tell you that I get a very...
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ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ื–ื•, ืื ื™ ื”ื•ืœืš ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ ืœืš ืฉืื ื™ ืžืงื‘ืœ
07:34
a small hand brush and I get down onto the floor
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ืžื‘ืจืฉืช ื™ื“ ืงื˜ื ื” ืžืื•ื“ ื•ืื ื™ ื™ื•ืจื“ ืขืœ ื”ืจืฆืคื”
07:38
and I move that brush slowly and very carefully around the floor,
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ื•ืื ื™ ืžื–ื™ื– ืืช ื–ื” ืฆื—ืฆื—ื• ื‘ืื™ื˜ื™ื•ืช ื•ื‘ื–ื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืจื‘ื” ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื”ืจืฆืคื”,
07:42
and I gather every tiny little piece of dust and dirt from the floor.
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ื•ืื ื™ ืื•ืกืคืช ื›ืœ ืคื™ืกืช ืื‘ืง ื•ืœื›ืœื•ืš ืงื˜ื ื˜ื ื” ืžื”ืจืฆืคื”.
07:48
So, I 'sweep' my floor with a brush.
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ืื–, ืื ื™ 'ืžื˜ืื˜ื' ืืช ื”ืจืฆืคื” ืฉืœื™ ืขื ืžื‘ืจืฉืช.
07:51
Perfect. Now, obviously in the headline we're not talking
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ืžื•ืฉืœื. ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉื‘ื›ื•ืชืจืช ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื
07:55
about cleaning an airport, or cleaning an area,
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ืขืœ ื ื™ืงื•ื™ ืฉื“ื” ืชืขื•ืคื”, ืื• ื ื™ืงื•ื™ ืื–ื•ืจ,
07:58
but in this sense it is a similar idea with that big movement.
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ื”ื–ื” ื–ื” ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืžื” ืขื ื”ืชื ื•ืขื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื”ื–ื•.
08:02
And we usually talk about 'sweep' when a group of people
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ื•ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ 'ื˜ืื˜ื' ื›ืฉืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ืื ืฉื™ื
08:07
are moving into an area covering everything and...
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ืขื•ื‘ืจืช ืœืื–ื•ืจ ืฉืžื›ืกื” ื”ื›ืœ ื•...
08:10
Yeah, it's covering... they're not missing anything, are they?
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ื›ืŸ, ื–ื” ืžื›ืกื”... ืœื ื—ืกืจ ืœื”ื ื›ืœื•ื, ื ื›ื•ืŸ?
08:13
No. They're getting absolutely everything
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ืœื. ื”ื ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ื”ื›ืœ
08:15
and nothing... nothing escapes a 'sweep', does it?
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ื•ืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ... ืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืœื ื—ื•ืžืง ืž"ืกื•ื•ื™ืค", ื ื›ื•ืŸ?
08:18
Absolutely. And also, for example, it's not just about a group of people
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ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜. ื•ื’ื, ืœืžืฉืœ, ืœื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ืจืง ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื
08:22
โ€“ maybe a government 'sweeps' into power,
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โ€“ ืื•ืœื™ ืžืžืฉืœื” 'ืกื•ื—ืคืช' ืœืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ,
08:25
which is a similar idea with talking about the Taliban here:
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ื•ื–ื” ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืžื” ืœื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืขืœ ื”ื˜ืœื™ื‘ืืŸ ื›ืืŸ:
08:28
they are sweeping into power.
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ื”ื ื ืกื—ืคื™ื ืœืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ.
08:30
And that kind of means with, you know...
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ื•ืืžืฆืขื™ื ืžื”ืกื•ื’ ื”ื–ื” ืขื, ืืชื” ื™ื•ื“ืข... ืฉื•ื
08:32
nothing can stop them, isn't it? Yeah.
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ื“ื‘ืจ ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขืฆื•ืจ ืื•ืชื, ืœื? ื›ึผึตืŸ.
08:34
It's the idea that it's complete, you know โ€“ this takeover of power.
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ื–ื” ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื–ื” ืฉืœื, ืืชื” ื™ื•ื“ืข - ื”ื”ืฉืชืœื˜ื•ืช ื”ื–ื• ืขืœ ื”ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ.
08:37
It's a large, quick and powerful movement.
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ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืชื ื•ืขื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื”, ืžื”ื™ืจื” ื•ืขื•ืฆืžืชื™ืช.
08:41
Another way that we can use 'sweep'
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ื“ืจืš ื ื•ืกืคืช ืฉื‘ื” ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘'ืกื•ื•ื™ืค'
08:43
is actually for a trend or something like this.
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ื”ื™ื ืœืžืขืฉื” ืœื˜ืจื ื“ ืื• ืžืฉื”ื• ื›ื–ื”.
08:46
So, for example, a new fashion style that everybody starts doing โ€“
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ืื–, ืœืžืฉืœ, ืกื’ื ื•ืŸ ืื•ืคื ื” ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉื›ื•ืœื ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช -
08:50
we can actually say it 'sweeps the nation'.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ื•ื 'ืกื•ื—ืฃ ืืช ื”ืื•ืžื”'.
08:53
Strong collocation there, isn't it? That phrase to 'sweep the nation'...
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ืงื•ืœืœื•ืงืฆื™ื” ื—ื–ืงื” ืฉื, ืœื? ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื”ื–ื” ืœ'ืกื—ื•ืฃ ืืช ื”ืื•ืžื”'...
08:57
we use that a lot, don't we, in British English?
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื–ื” ื”ืจื‘ื”, ื ื›ื•ืŸ, ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื™ืช?
09:00
We do... we do. 'Sweep'...
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื... ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื. 'ืกื•ื•ื™ืค'...
09:02
to say that everybody's doing it or it's very, very popular.
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ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ ืฉื›ื•ืœื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืืช ื–ื” ืื• ืฉื–ื” ืžืื•ื“ ืžืื•ื“ ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™.
09:06
Thank you very much. And let's see a summary:
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ืœืš. ื•ื ืจืื” ืชืงืฆื™ืจ:
09:16
Now Roy, can you recap today's vocabulary?
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืจื•ืขื™, ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืกื›ื ืืช ืื•ืฆืจ ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื•ื?
09:19
Of course. We had 'brace' โ€“ prepare for something difficult.
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ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ. ื”ื™ื” ืœื ื• 'ืกื“' - ืœื”ืชื›ื•ื ืŸ ืœืžืฉื”ื• ืงืฉื”.
09:25
'Engulfs' โ€“ affects powerfully; overwhelms.
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'ื‘ื•ืœืข' โ€“ ืžืฉืคื™ืข ื‘ืขื•ืฆืžื”; ืžืฆื™ืฃ.
09:30
And we had 'sweep' โ€“ move powerfully and quickly.
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ื•ื”ื™ื” ืœื ื• 'ืกื•ื•ื™ืค' - ืœื ื•ืข ื‘ืขื•ืฆืžื” ื•ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช.
09:34
Thank you Roy. Now, don't forget that you can test yourself
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืœืš ืจื•ืขื™. ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืืœ ืชืฉื›ื— ืฉืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืืช ืขืฆืžืš
09:37
on the vocabulary for today's show on our website bbclearningenglish.com.
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ืขืœ ืื•ืฆืจ ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื•ื ื‘ืืชืจ ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ืฉืœื ื• bbclearningenglish.com.
09:41
We are also all over social media.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื’ื ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื” ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช.
09:44
Thank you for joining us. See you next time.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืฉื”ืฆื˜ืจืคืช ืืœื™ื ื•. ื ืชืจืื” ื‘ืคืขื ื”ื‘ืื”.
09:46
Bye.
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ื‘ื™ื™.
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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