Why are prices going up? 6 Minute English

558,663 views ใƒป 2022-09-29

BBC Learning English


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ. ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืžืชื•ืจื’ืžื•ืช ืžืชื•ืจื’ืžื•ืช ื‘ืžื›ื•ื ื”.

00:08
Hello. This is 6 Minute English from BBC
0
8640
3200
ืฉืœื•ื. ื–ื•ื”ื™ 6 ื“ืงื•ืช ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืžื‘ื™ืช BBC
00:11
Learning English. Iโ€™m Rob.
1
11840
1600
Learning English. ืื ื™ ืจื•ื‘.
00:13
And Iโ€™m Beth.
2
13440
1200
ื•ืื ื™ ื‘ืช'.
00:14
In this programme, weโ€™re talking about money -
3
14640
2636
ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ื–ื•, ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื›ืกืฃ -
00:17
and Beth, as the old saying goes,
4
17276
2167
ื•ื‘ืช', ื›ืžื• ืฉืื•ืžืจ ื”ืคืชื’ื ื”ื™ืฉืŸ,
00:19
money makes the world go round!
5
19443
2077
ื›ืกืฃ ื’ื•ืจื ืœืขื•ืœื ืœื”ืกืชื•ื‘ื‘!
00:21
You mean itโ€™s very important and lots of
6
21520
2720
ืืชื” ืžืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื–ื” ืžืื•ื“ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ื”ืจื‘ื”
00:24
things couldnโ€™t happen without it.
7
24240
1680
ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืœื ื™ื›ืœื• ืœืงืจื•ืช ื‘ืœืขื“ื™ื•.
00:26
Well, we all need money โ€“ but have you noticed
8
26480
3600
ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ื›ืกืฃ - ืื‘ืœ ืฉืžืชื ืœื‘
00:30
how our money doesnโ€™t seem to buy
9
30080
1920
ืื™ืš ื”ื›ืกืฃ ืฉืœื ื• ืœื ืงื•ื ื”
00:32
so much these days?
10
32000
1440
ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื•?
00:33
Yes, I have Beth. It seems like consumers
11
33440
2720
ื›ืŸ, ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ืืช ื‘ืช'. ื ืจืื” ืฉืฆืจื›ื ื™ื
00:36
like us are being hit in the pocket
12
36160
2640
ื›ืžื•ื ื• ื ืคื’ืขื™ื ื‘ื›ื™ืก
00:38
at the moment โ€“ and by that, I mean
13
38800
2320
ื›ืจื’ืข - ื•ื‘ื–ื”, ืื ื™ ืžืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ
00:41
we have less money to spend.
14
41120
2000
ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืคื—ื•ืช ื›ืกืฃ ืœื‘ื–ื‘ื–.
00:43
Now, Iโ€™m no economist, but I know this has
15
43120
2560
ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืื ื™ ืœื ื›ืœื›ืœืŸ, ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข ืฉื–ื”
00:45
a lot to do with inflation - the increase
16
45680
2800
ืงืฉื•ืจ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืœืื™ื ืคืœืฆื™ื” - ื”ืขืœื™ื™ื”
00:48
in prices of things over time.
17
48480
2000
ื‘ืžื—ื™ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืœืื•ืจืš ื–ืžืŸ.
00:51
Itโ€™s a big problem globally, and Beth my
18
51440
2480
ื–ื• ื‘ืขื™ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื, ื•ื‘ืช'
00:53
question for you is about inflation.
19
53920
2400
ื”ืฉืืœื” ืฉืœื™ ืืœื™ืš ื”ื™ื ืขืœ ืื™ื ืคืœืฆื™ื”.
00:56
According to one report, what was
20
56320
2160
ืœืคื™ ื“ื™ื•ื•ื— ืื—ื“, ืžื” ื”ื™ื”
00:58
the annual inflation rate in Venezuela
21
58480
2800
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ืื™ื ืคืœืฆื™ื” ื”ืฉื ืชื™ ื‘ื•ื•ื ืฆื•ืืœื”
01:01
between November 2017 and 2018?
22
61280
2960
ื‘ื™ืŸ ื ื•ื‘ืžื‘ืจ 2017 ืœ-2018?
01:04
Was it: a) 130% b) 1,300%
23
64240
3440
ื”ืื ื–ื” ื”ื™ื”: ื) 130% ื‘) 1,300%
01:09
or c) 1,300,000%?
24
69600
2240
ืื• ื’) 1,300,000%?
01:14
Iโ€™ll say b) 1,300%.
25
74240
1600
ืื ื™ ืื’ื™ื“ ื‘) 1,300%.
01:17
OK. Weโ€™ll find out if youโ€™re right later on.
26
77840
2640
ื‘ืกื“ืจ. ื ื’ืœื” ืื ืืชื” ืฆื•ื“ืง ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš.
01:20
But letโ€™s talk more about
27
80480
1680
ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื•ืื• ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ
01:22
money and inflation now.
28
82160
2080
ื›ืกืฃ ื•ืื™ื ืคืœืฆื™ื”.
01:24
Around the world, prices of things are
29
84240
2000
ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื, ืžื—ื™ืจื™ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื
01:26
rising more than normal,
30
86240
1440
ืขื•ืœื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื”ืจื’ื™ืœ,
01:27
and more worrying is that
31
87680
1520
ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื“ืื™ื’ ื”ื•ื ืฉื”ืžื—ื™ืจื™ื
01:29
prices keep going up.
32
89200
1600
ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื™ื ืœืขืœื•ืช.
01:31
Two things in particular are increasing
33
91360
2240
ืฉื ื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ืคืจื˜ ืขื•ืœื™ื
01:33
in price โ€“ energy, like gasย  and electricity, and food.
34
93600
5120
ื‘ืžื—ื™ืจ - ืื ืจื’ื™ื”, ื›ืžื• ื’ื– ื•ื—ืฉืžืœ, ื•ืžื–ื•ืŸ.
01:38
These are things we need and depend on.
35
98720
2720
ืืœื• ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ื•ืชืœื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ื”ื.
01:41
So, whatโ€™s causing the rises?
36
101440
1920
ืื– ืžื” ื’ื•ืจื ืœืขืœื™ื•ืช?
01:43
There seem to be two main reasons โ€“ the
37
103920
2400
ื ืจืื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืฉืชื™ ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืขื™ืงืจื™ื•ืช -
01:46
Covid pandemic and the war in Ukraine,
38
106320
2880
ืžื’ื™ืคืช ืงื•ื‘ื™ื“ ื•ื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ื‘ืื•ืงืจืื™ื ื”,
01:49
which has reduced the supply in things we need.
39
109200
3040
ืฉื”ืคื—ื™ืชื” ืืช ื”ื”ื™ืฆืข ืฉืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื.
01:52
And when things are in short supply โ€“ available
40
112240
2640
ื•ื›ืืฉืจ ื™ืฉ ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื - ื–ืžื™ื ื™ื
01:54
in limited quantities - prices go up.
41
114880
2480
ื‘ื›ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœื•ืช - ื”ืžื—ื™ืจื™ื ืขื•ืœื™ื.
01:57
The BBC World Service programme
42
117920
2240
ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช BBC World Service
02:00
The Real Story discussed this
43
120160
2240
The Real Story ื“ื ื” ื‘ื›ืš ื‘ื™ืชืจ
02:02
in much more detail.
44
122400
1680
ืคื™ืจื•ื˜.
02:04
One expert, economist, writer and
45
124080
2720
ืžื•ืžื—ื™ืช ืื—ืช, ื›ืœื›ืœื ื™ืช, ืกื•ืคืจืช
02:06
broadcaster, Linda Yueh, explained how
46
126800
2960
ื•ืฉื“ืจื ื™ืช, ืœื™ื ื“ื” ื™ื•ืื”, ื”ืกื‘ื™ืจื” ื›ื™ืฆื“
02:09
price rises could be around for a whileโ€ฆ
47
129760
2560
ืขืœื™ื•ืช ืžื—ื™ืจื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ืœื–ืžืŸ ืžื”...
02:13
Even if you take out some of these volatile
48
133600
2240
ื’ื ืื ืชื•ืฆื™ืื• ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืคืจื™ื˜ื™ื ื”ื”ืคื›ืคื›ื™ื ื”ืœืœื•
02:15
items like food and energy, the sustained
49
135840
3040
ื›ืžื• ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื•ืื ืจื’ื™ื”,
02:18
price increases we've had, it is actually
50
138880
2480
ืขืœื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื—ื™ืจื™ื ื”ืžืชืžืฉื›ื•ืช ืฉื”ื™ื• ืœื ื•, ื”ืŸ ืœืžืขืฉื”
02:21
getting passed through into how companies
51
141360
2400
ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื‘ื• ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช
02:23
price their goods and services.
52
143760
1840
ืžืชืžื—ืจื•ืช ืืช ื”ืกื—ื•ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ืฉืœื”ืŸ.
02:25
and that's where it gets extremely worrying
53
145600
2480
ื•ื›ืืŸ ื–ื” ืžื“ืื™ื’ ืžืื•ื“,
02:28
because that suggests that even if energy
54
148080
2160
ื›ื™ ื–ื” ืžืฆื‘ื™ืข ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉื’ื ืื
02:30
prices, food prices, come down,
55
150240
1840
ืžื—ื™ืจื™ ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื”, ืžื—ื™ืจื™ ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ, ื™ื•ืจื“ื™ื,
02:32
we could have inflation now in
56
152080
1920
ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœื ื• ืื™ื ืคืœืฆื™ื” ื›ืขืช
02:34
the system and I think that
57
154000
2000
ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื•ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘
02:36
for advanced economies is worrying,
58
156000
2320
ืฉืœื›ืœื›ืœื•ืช ืžืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ื–ื” ืžื“ืื™ื’,
02:38
for developing countries, that's
59
158320
1680
ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืžืชืคืชื—ื•ืช, ื–ื”
02:40
hugely worrying.
60
160000
1120
ืžื“ืื™ื’ ืžืื•ื“.
02:42
Linda Yueh used some interesting
61
162160
1760
ืœื™ื ื“ื” ื™ื•ื” ื”ืฉืชืžืฉื”
02:43
language there.
62
163920
1040
ืฉื ื‘ืฉืคื” ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ืช.
02:44
She talked about food and energy being
63
164960
2240
ื”ื™ื ื“ื™ื‘ืจื” ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉืื•ื›ืœ ื•ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื”ื
02:47
volatile items โ€“ something that is
64
167200
2480
ืคืจื™ื˜ื™ื ื ื“ื™ืคื™ื - ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื”ื•ื
02:49
volatile is unpredictable
65
169680
1920
ื”ืคื›ืคืš ื”ื•ื ื‘ืœืชื™ ืฆืคื•ื™
02:51
and can change suddenly.
66
171600
1840
ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืฉืชื ื•ืช ืคืชืื•ื.
02:53
And thatโ€™s what weโ€™ve experienced
67
173440
1440
ื•ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉื—ื•ื•ื™ื ื•
02:54
with food and energy prices.
68
174880
1680
ืขื ืžื—ื™ืจื™ ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื•ืื ืจื’ื™ื”.
02:57
Yes, and she said these price increases
69
177120
2320
ื›ืŸ, ื•ื”ื™ื ืืžืจื” ืฉื”ืขืœื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื—ื™ืจื™ื ื”ืœืœื•
02:59
have been sustained โ€“ so, continuing
70
179440
2800
ื ืฉืžืจื• - ืื–, ื ืžืฉื›ื•ืช
03:02
at the same level for a long period of time.
71
182240
2320
ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืจืžื” ื‘ืžืฉืš ืชืงื•ืคื” ืืจื•ื›ื”.
03:05
But Linda Yueh says that even if energy
72
185280
2720
ืื‘ืœ ืœื™ื ื“ื” ื™ื•ืื” ืื•ืžืจืช ืฉื’ื ืื
03:08
and food prices eventually
73
188000
1440
ืžื—ื™ืจื™ ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื•ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื™ืจื“ื• ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ
03:09
come down, companies will pass on the
74
189440
2640
, ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื™ืขื‘ื™ืจื• ืืช
03:12
extra costs they have already faced by
75
192080
2480
ื”ืขืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ื• ืื™ืชื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™
03:14
charging more for their goods and services.
76
194560
3280
ื—ื™ื•ื‘ ื ื•ืกืฃ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืกื—ื•ืจื” ื•ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ืฉืœื”ืŸ.
03:17
And this could cause inflation โ€“
77
197840
2240
ื•ื–ื” ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœืื™ื ืคืœืฆื™ื” -
03:20
thereโ€™s that word again.
78
200080
1040
ื™ืฉ ืฉื•ื‘ ืืช ื”ืžื™ืœื” ื”ื–ื•.
03:22
Continuing price rises arenโ€™t good
79
202000
2080
ืขืœื™ื•ืช ืžื—ื™ืจื™ื ืžืชืžืฉื›ื•ืช ืื™ื ืŸ ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช
03:24
for anyone but especially for people
80
204080
2320
ืœืืฃ ืื—ื“, ืืœื ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืœืื ืฉื™ื
03:26
in developing economies โ€“ countries
81
206400
2320
ื‘ื›ืœื›ืœื•ืช ืžืชืคืชื—ื•ืช - ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืฉื™ืฉ
03:28
which have industry thatโ€™s less developed
82
208720
2560
ืœื”ืŸ ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ืคื—ื•ืช ืžืคื•ืชื—ืช
03:31
and have lower living standards.
83
211280
2400
ื•ืจืžืช ื—ื™ื™ื ื ืžื•ื›ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ.
03:33
Another possible consequence of inflation
84
213680
2640
ืชื•ืฆืื” ืืคืฉืจื™ืช ื ื•ืกืคืช ืฉืœ ื”ืื™ื ืคืœืฆื™ื”
03:36
is recession โ€“ this economic
85
216320
2480
ื”ื™ื ืžื™ืชื•ืŸ - ื”ืžื•ื ื— ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ ื”ื–ื”
03:38
term describes a situation where a
86
218800
2320
ืžืชืืจ ืžืฆื‘ ืฉื‘ื•
03:41
countryโ€™s production starts going down,
87
221120
2080
ื”ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืœืจื“ืช,
03:43
peopleโ€™s incomes go down
88
223760
2000
ื”ื”ื›ื ืกื” ืฉืœ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื™ื•ืจื“ืช
03:45
and unemployment goes up.
89
225760
2160
ื•ื”ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ืขื•ืœื”.
03:48
This all sounds like a very
90
228640
1760
ื›ืœ ื–ื” ื ืฉืžืข ื›ืžื•
03:50
bleak economic outlook.
91
230400
2080
ืชื—ื–ื™ืช ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช ืขื’ื•ืžื” ืžืื•ื“.
03:52
So, what can be done?
92
232480
1680
ืื– ืžื” ืืคืฉืจ ืœืขืฉื•ืช?
03:54
Well, thatโ€™s the million-dollar question,
93
234160
2320
ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื–ื• ืฉืืœืช ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื“ื•ืœืจ,
03:56
and economists are trying to work it out.
94
236480
1760
ื•ื›ืœื›ืœื ื™ื ืžื ืกื™ื ืœืคืชื•ืจ ืื•ืชื”.
03:59
Speaking on The Real Story programme,
95
239040
2160
ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช The Real Story,
04:01
economist Vicky Pryce gave an overview
96
241200
2400
ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื ื™ืช ื•ื™ืงื™ ืคืจื™ื™ืก ื ืชื ื” ืกืงื™ืจื” ื›ืœืœื™ืช
04:03
of how to control inflation.
97
243600
1680
ืฉืœ ืื™ืš ืœืฉืœื•ื˜ ื‘ืื™ื ืคืœืฆื™ื”.
04:05
One of them, something that is actually
98
245920
1440
ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื, ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื”ื•ื ืœืžืขืฉื”
04:07
most effective, is by slowing down demand.
99
247360
2480
ื”ื›ื™ ื™ืขื™ืœ, ื”ื•ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืื˜ืช ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉ.
04:09
And if you increase interest rates, what you
100
249840
1680
ื•ืื ืืชื” ืžืขืœื” ืืช ื”ืจื™ื‘ื™ืช, ืžื” ืฉืืชื”
04:11
do is you discourage people from borrowing,
101
251520
2400
ืขื•ืฉื” ื–ื” ืฉืืชื” ืžืจืชื™ืข ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืœืœื•ื•ืช,
04:13
whether they are individuals or whether they are businesses - and of course the economy
102
253920
3760
ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ื”ื ืื ืฉื™ื ืคืจื˜ื™ื™ื ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ื”ื ืขืกืงื™ื - ื•ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉื”ื›ืœื›ืœื”
04:17
starts slowing down.
103
257680
800
ืžืชื—ื™ืœื” ืœื”ืื˜.
04:19
So, she says what is most effective โ€“
104
259040
2480
ืœื›ืŸ, ื”ื™ื ืื•ืžืจืช ืฉืžื” ืฉื”ื›ื™ ื™ืขื™ืœ -
04:21
meaning what works well and gets the
105
261520
1760
ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืžื” ืฉืขื•ื‘ื“ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ืžืฉื™ื’ ืืช
04:23
best results โ€“ is slowing down demand.
106
263280
2720
ื”ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ - ื”ื•ื ื”ืื˜ื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉ.
04:26
Increasing interest rates can do this because
107
266560
2640
ื”ื’ื“ืœืช ื”ืจื™ื‘ื™ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืื ืฉื™ื
04:29
people will borrow less money.
108
269200
1760
ื™ืœื•ื• ืคื—ื•ืช ื›ืกืฃ.
04:31
Interest rates are fees banks and financial
109
271520
2880
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ื”ืจื™ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื ืขืžืœื•ืช ืฉื”ื‘ื ืงื™ื ื•ื”ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ื”ืคื™ื ื ืกื™ื™ื
04:34
institutions charge you for borrowing money.
110
274400
2960
ื’ื•ื‘ื™ื ืžืžืš ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืœื•ื•ืืช ื›ืกืฃ.
04:37
And if we borrow less money, we buy fewer
111
277360
2880
ื•ืื ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื•ื•ื™ื ืคื—ื•ืช ื›ืกืฃ, ืื ื—ื ื• ืงื•ื ื™ื ืคื—ื•ืช
04:40
things, which can reduce inflation.
112
280240
2400
ื“ื‘ืจื™ื, ืžื” ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืคื—ื™ืช ืืช ื”ืื™ื ืคืœืฆื™ื”.
04:42
I think it makes sense now!
113
282640
1760
ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื–ื” ื”ื’ื™ื•ื ื™ ืขื›ืฉื™ื•!
04:44
And if you were in Venezuela in 2018, you
114
284400
3280
ื•ืื ื”ื™ื™ืช ื‘ื•ื•ื ืฆื•ืืœื” ื‘-2018,
04:47
would really want inflation
115
287680
1520
ื‘ืืžืช ื”ื™ื™ืช ืจื•ืฆื” ืฉื”ืื™ื ืคืœืฆื™ื”
04:49
to go down, wouldnโ€™t you?
116
289200
1760
ืชืจื“, ืœื?
04:50
Yes. Now, earlier I asked you what one report
117
290960
2800
ื›ืŸ. ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืงื•ื“ื ืœื›ืŸ ืฉืืœืชื™ ืื•ืชืš ืื™ื–ื” ื“ื•"ื—
04:53
said the inflation rate was there between
118
293760
2400
ืืžืจ ืฉืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ืื™ื ืคืœืฆื™ื” ื”ื™ื” ืฉื ื‘ื™ืŸ
04:56
November 2017 and 2018.
119
296160
2720
ื ื•ื‘ืžื‘ืจ 2017 ืœ-2018.
04:58
And I said a very high 1,300%.
120
298880
2240
ื•ืื ื™ ืืžืจืชื™ 1,300% ืžืื•ื“ ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื.
05:03
Well, it was even higher, Beth.
121
303200
1600
ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืืคื™ืœื• ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื‘ืช'.
05:04
According to a study by the opposition-controlled
122
304800
2880
ืœืคื™ ืžื—ืงืจ ืฉืœ
05:07
National Assembly, the annual inflation rate
123
307680
3040
ื”ืืกื™ืคื” ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ืฉื‘ืฉืœื™ื˜ืช ื”ืื•ืคื•ื–ื™ืฆื™ื”, ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ืื™ื ืคืœืฆื™ื” ื”ืฉื ืชื™
05:10
reached 1,300,000% in the 12 months
124
310720
4480
ื”ื’ื™ืข ืœ-1,300,000% ื‘-12 ื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื
05:15
to November 2018.
125
315200
2000
ืขื“ ื ื•ื‘ืžื‘ืจ 2018.
05:17
This extreme financial situation was
126
317200
2240
ื”ืžืฆื‘ ื”ืคื™ื ื ืกื™ ื”ืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™ ื”ื–ื” ื”ื™ื”
05:19
known as hyperinflation.
127
319440
1920
ื™ื“ื•ืข ื‘ืฉื ื”ื™ืคืจ-ืื™ื ืคืœืฆื™ื”.
05:21
Thatโ€™s not good at all.
128
321360
1280
ื–ื” ืœื ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ื›ืœืœ.
05:23
In this programme, we have been talking about
129
323600
2560
ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ื–ื•, ื“ื™ื‘ืจื ื• ืขืœ
05:26
inflation โ€“ thatโ€™s theย  increase in prices over time.
130
326160
3760
ืื™ื ืคืœืฆื™ื” - ื–ื• ื”ืขืœื™ื™ื” ื‘ืžื—ื™ืจื™ื ืœืื•ืจืš ื–ืžืŸ.
05:30
Other vocabulary we used included the
131
330800
2080
ืื•ืฆืจ ืžื™ืœื™ื ื ื•ืกืฃ ืฉื”ืฉืชืžืฉื ื• ื‘ื• ื›ืœืœ ืืช
05:32
expression hit in the pocket โ€“ which
132
332880
2640
ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ืžื›ื” ื‘ื›ื™ืก - ืžื”
05:35
means you have less money to spend.
133
335520
2400
ืฉืื•ืžืจ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืš ืคื—ื•ืช ื›ืกืฃ ืœื‘ื–ื‘ื–.
05:37
Volatile describes something that is
134
337920
2160
ื ื“ื™ืฃ ืžืชืืจ ืžืฉื”ื•
05:40
unpredictable and can change suddenly.
135
340080
2320
ืฉืื™ื ื• ืฆืคื•ื™ ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืฉืชื ื•ืช ื‘ืคืชืื•ืžื™ื•ืช.
05:43
Something that is sustained continues at the same level for a long period of time.
136
343040
5120
ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื ืžืฉืš ืžืžืฉื™ืš ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืจืžื” ื‘ืžืฉืš ืชืงื•ืคื” ืืจื•ื›ื”.
05:48
And something that is effective works
137
348160
2480
ื•ืžืฉื”ื• ื™ืขื™ืœ ืขื•ื‘ื“
05:50
well and gets the best results.
138
350640
1760
ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ื•ืžืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.
05:53
And interest rates are fees banks and financial
139
353040
3600
ื•ืจื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื”ืŸ ืขืžืœื•ืช ืฉื”ื‘ื ืงื™ื ื•ื”ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ื”ืคื™ื ื ืกื™ื™ื
05:56
institutions charge you for borrowing money.
140
356640
2960
ื’ื•ื‘ื™ื ืžืžืš ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืœื•ื•ืืช ื›ืกืฃ.
05:59
Well, we hope youโ€™ve found our brief lesson
141
359600
2160
ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืื ื• ืžืงื•ื•ื™ื ืฉืžืฆืืชื ืืช ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ืงืฆืจ ืฉืœื ื•
06:01
about the economy useful.
142
361760
1680
ืขืœ ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื” ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื™.
06:03
Thanks for listening. Goodbye for now!
143
363440
1760
ืชื•ื“ื” ืขืœ ื”ืงืฉื‘ื”. ืœื”ืชืจืื•ืช ืœื‘ื™ื ืชื™ื™ื!
06:05
Bye bye!
144
365200
500
ื‘ื™ื™ ื‘ื™ื™!
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7