Why are prices going up? 6 Minute English

530,695 views ใƒป 2022-09-29

BBC Learning English


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋œ ์ž๋ง‰์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:08
Hello. This is 6 Minute English from BBC
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์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”. BBC Learning English์˜ 6๋ถ„ ์˜์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:11
Learning English. Iโ€™m Rob.
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. ์ €๋Š” ๋กญ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:13
And Iโ€™m Beth.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €๋Š” ๋ฒ ์Šค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:14
In this programme, weโ€™re talking about money -
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์ด ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ
00:17
and Beth, as the old saying goes,
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ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Beth๋Š” ์˜› ์†๋‹ด์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
00:19
money makes the world go round!
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๋ˆ์ด ์„ธ์ƒ์„ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€๊ฒŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
00:21
You mean itโ€™s very important and lots of
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๊ณ 
00:24
things couldnโ€™t happen without it.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ ์—†์ด๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ์ผ๋“ค์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:26
Well, we all need money โ€“ but have you noticed
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๊ธ€์Ž„์š”, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘๋Š” ๋ˆ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:30
how our money doesnโ€™t seem to buy
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์š”์ฆ˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ˆ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
00:32
so much these days?
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๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ณ„๋กœ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ˆˆ์น˜์ฑ„์…จ๋‚˜์š”?
00:33
Yes, I have Beth. It seems like consumers
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๋„ค, ๋ฒ ์Šค๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์š”. ํ˜„์žฌ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์†Œ๋น„์ž
00:36
like us are being hit in the pocket
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๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ๋จธ๋‹ˆ ์‚ฌ์ •์— ์‹œ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:38
at the moment โ€“ and by that, I mean
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์ฆ‰,
00:41
we have less money to spend.
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์ง€์ถœํ•  ๋ˆ์ด ์ ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:43
Now, Iโ€™m no economist, but I know this has
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์ €๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์ œํ•™์ž๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์ง€๋‚จ์—
00:45
a lot to do with inflation - the increase
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๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ฌผ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์ƒ์Šนํ•˜๋Š” ์ธํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜๊ณผ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ 
00:48
in prices of things over time.
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์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:51
Itโ€™s a big problem globally, and Beth my
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ํฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ด๋ฉฐ, Beth์—๊ฒŒ ์ œ
00:53
question for you is about inflation.
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์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ ์ธํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:56
According to one report, what was
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ํ•œ ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด
00:58
the annual inflation rate in Venezuela
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01:01
between November 2017 and 2018?
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2017๋…„ 11์›”๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 2018๋…„๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ฒ ๋„ค์ˆ˜์—˜๋ผ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ฐ„ ์ธํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์œจ์€ ์–ผ๋งˆ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
01:04
Was it: a) 130% b) 1,300%
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a) 130% b) 1,300%
01:09
or c) 1,300,000%?
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๋˜๋Š” c) 1,300,000%์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
01:14
Iโ€™ll say b) 1,300%.
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b) 1,300%๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:17
OK. Weโ€™ll find out if youโ€™re right later on.
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์ข‹์•„์š”. ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์˜ณ์€์ง€ ๋‚˜์ค‘์— ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:20
But letโ€™s talk more about
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด์ œ ๋ˆ๊ณผ ์ธํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋” ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค
01:22
money and inflation now.
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.
01:24
Around the world, prices of things are
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์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฌผ๊ฐ€
01:26
rising more than normal,
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๊ฐ€ ํ‰์†Œ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋งŽ์ด ์˜ค๋ฅด๊ณ 
01:27
and more worrying is that
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์žˆ๊ณ  ๋” ๊ฑฑ์ •์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ๊ฒƒ์€
01:29
prices keep going up.
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๋ฌผ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๊ณ„์† ์˜ค๋ฅด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:31
Two things in particular are increasing
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ํŠนํžˆ
01:33
in price โ€“ energy, like gasย  and electricity, and food.
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๊ฐ€์Šค ๋ฐ ์ „๊ธฐ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์™€ ์‹ํ’ˆ์˜ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์ด ์ƒ์Šนํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:38
These are things we need and depend on.
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์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”๋กœ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์˜์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:41
So, whatโ€™s causing the rises?
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ƒ์Šน์˜ ์›์ธ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
01:43
There seem to be two main reasons โ€“ the
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๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ฃผ๋œ ์ด์œ ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:46
Covid pandemic and the war in Ukraine,
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์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜ ํŒฌ๋ฐ๋ฏน๊ณผ ์šฐํฌ๋ผ์ด๋‚˜ ์ „์Ÿ์œผ๋กœ
01:49
which has reduced the supply in things we need.
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์ธํ•ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋ฌผํ’ˆ์˜ ๊ณต๊ธ‰์ด ์ค„์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:52
And when things are in short supply โ€“ available
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฌผ๊ฑด์ด ๋ถ€์กฑํ•  ๋•Œ(
01:54
in limited quantities - prices go up.
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์ˆ˜๋Ÿ‰์ด ํ•œ์ •๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Œ) ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์ด ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:57
The BBC World Service programme
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BBC World Service ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ
02:00
The Real Story discussed this
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The Real Story์—์„œ ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด
02:02
in much more detail.
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ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ์ž์„ธํžˆ ๋…ผ์˜ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:04
One expert, economist, writer and
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ํ•œ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€, ๊ฒฝ์ œํ•™์ž, ์ž‘๊ฐ€์ด์ž
02:06
broadcaster, Linda Yueh, explained how
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๋ฐฉ์†ก์ธ์ธ Linda Yueh๋Š” ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ
02:09
price rises could be around for a whileโ€ฆ
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ํ•œ๋™์•ˆ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ ์ƒ์Šน์ด ์žˆ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์„ค๋ช…ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹ํ’ˆ ๋ฐ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์™€
02:13
Even if you take out some of these volatile
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๊ฐ™์€ ๋ณ€๋™์„ฑ์ด ํฐ ํ•ญ๋ชฉ ์ค‘ ์ผ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ๋นผ๋”๋ผ๋„
02:15
items like food and energy, the sustained
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02:18
price increases we've had, it is actually
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•œ ์ง€์†์ ์ธ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ ์ธ์ƒ์€ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ
02:21
getting passed through into how companies
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ํšŒ์‚ฌ
02:23
price their goods and services.
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๊ฐ€ ์ƒํ’ˆ๊ณผ ์„œ๋น„์Šค์˜ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์„ ์ฑ…์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:25
and that's where it gets extremely worrying
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ทน๋„๋กœ ๊ฑฑ์ •๋˜๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:28
because that suggests that even if energy
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€
02:30
prices, food prices, come down,
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๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ, ์‹ํ’ˆ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์ด ํ•˜๋ฝํ•˜๋”๋ผ๋„
02:32
we could have inflation now in
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์— ํ˜„์žฌ ์ธํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์ด ์žˆ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์‹œ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:34
the system and I think that
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02:36
for advanced economies is worrying,
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์ €๋Š” ์„ ์ง„๊ตญ ๊ฒฝ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฑฑ์ •
02:38
for developing countries, that's
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ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋„์ƒ๊ตญ์ด
02:40
hugely worrying.
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ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:42
Linda Yueh used some interesting
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Linda Yueh๋Š”
02:43
language there.
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๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ์–ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:44
She talked about food and energy being
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์Œ์‹๊ณผ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๊ฐ€
02:47
volatile items โ€“ something that is
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ํœ˜๋ฐœ์„ฑ ํ’ˆ๋ชฉ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:49
volatile is unpredictable
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ํœ˜๋ฐœ์„ฑ์€
02:51
and can change suddenly.
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์˜ˆ์ธกํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ณ  ๊ฐ‘์ž๊ธฐ ๋ณ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:53
And thatโ€™s what weโ€™ve experienced
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€
02:54
with food and energy prices.
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์‹ํ’ˆ ๋ฐ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:57
Yes, and she said these price increases
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์˜ˆ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ ์ธ์ƒ
02:59
have been sustained โ€“ so, continuing
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์ด
03:02
at the same level for a long period of time.
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์ง€์†๋˜์–ด ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ˆ˜์ค€์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:05
But Linda Yueh says that even if energy
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋ฆฐ๋‹ค ์œ ์—(Linda Yueh)๋Š” ์—๋„ˆ์ง€
03:08
and food prices eventually
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์™€ ์‹ํ’ˆ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์ด
03:09
come down, companies will pass on the
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๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ํ•˜๋ฝํ•˜๋”๋ผ๋„ ๊ธฐ์—…์€ ์ƒํ’ˆ๊ณผ ์„œ๋น„์Šค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋” ๋งŽ์€
03:12
extra costs they have already faced by
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๋น„์šฉ์„ ์ฒญ๊ตฌํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์ด๋ฏธ ์ง๋ฉดํ•œ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ๋น„์šฉ์„ ์ „๊ฐ€ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:14
charging more for their goods and services.
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.
03:17
And this could cause inflation โ€“
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ธํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์„ ์œ ๋ฐœํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:20
thereโ€™s that word again.
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. ๋‹ค์‹œ ๊ทธ ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:22
Continuing price rises arenโ€™t good
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๊ณ„์†๋˜๋Š” ๋ฌผ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ์Šน
03:24
for anyone but especially for people
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์€ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์—๊ฒŒ๋„ ์ข‹์ง€ ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ, ํŠนํžˆ
03:26
in developing economies โ€“ countries
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03:28
which have industry thatโ€™s less developed
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์‚ฐ์—…์ด ๋œ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ
03:31
and have lower living standards.
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ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ƒํ™œ ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด ๋‚ฎ์€ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋„์ƒ๊ตญ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ข‹์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:33
Another possible consequence of inflation
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์ธํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์˜ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ
03:36
is recession โ€“ this economic
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๋Š” ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ ์นจ์ฒด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ฒฝ์ œ
03:38
term describes a situation where a
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์šฉ์–ด๋Š”
03:41
countryโ€™s production starts going down,
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๊ตญ๊ฐ€์˜ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์ด ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ณ 
03:43
peopleโ€™s incomes go down
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ์†Œ๋“์ด ๊ฐ์†Œ
03:45
and unemployment goes up.
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ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์‹ค์—…๋ฅ ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:48
This all sounds like a very
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋งค์šฐ
03:50
bleak economic outlook.
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์•”์šธํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์ œ ์ „๋ง์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋“ค๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:52
So, what can be done?
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
03:54
Well, thatโ€™s the million-dollar question,
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๊ธ€์Ž„, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฐฑ๋งŒ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ์งœ๋ฆฌ ์งˆ๋ฌธ
03:56
and economists are trying to work it out.
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์ด๋ฉฐ ๊ฒฝ์ œํ•™์ž๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:59
Speaking on The Real Story programme,
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The Real Story ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์—์„œ
04:01
economist Vicky Pryce gave an overview
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๊ฒฝ์ œํ•™์ž Vicky Pryce๋Š”
04:03
of how to control inflation.
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์ธํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์„ ํ†ต์ œํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐœ์š”๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:05
One of them, something that is actually
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ
04:07
most effective, is by slowing down demand.
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜์š”๋ฅผ ์ค„์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:09
And if you increase interest rates, what you
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด์ž์œจ์„ ์˜ฌ๋ฆฌ๋ฉด
04:11
do is you discourage people from borrowing,
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04:13
whether they are individuals or whether they are businesses - and of course the economy
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๊ฐœ์ธ์ด๋“  ๊ธฐ์—…์ด๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ฐจ์ž…ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ง‰์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌผ๋ก  ๊ฒฝ์ œ
04:17
starts slowing down.
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๋Š” ๋‘”ํ™”๋˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:19
So, she says what is most effective โ€“
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ,
04:21
meaning what works well and gets the
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์ฆ‰ ์ž˜ ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜๊ณ 
04:23
best results โ€“ is slowing down demand.
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์ตœ์ƒ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์–ป๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ˆ˜์š”๋ฅผ ๋Šฆ์ถ”๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:26
Increasing interest rates can do this because
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๊ธˆ๋ฆฌ ์ธ์ƒ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋” ์ ์€ ๋ˆ์„ ๋นŒ๋ฆด ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:29
people will borrow less money.
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.
04:31
Interest rates are fees banks and financial
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์ด์ž์œจ์€ ์€ํ–‰๊ณผ ๊ธˆ์œต
04:34
institutions charge you for borrowing money.
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๊ธฐ๊ด€์ด ๋ˆ์„ ๋นŒ๋ฆด ๋•Œ ๋ถ€๊ณผํ•˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ˆ˜๋ฃŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:37
And if we borrow less money, we buy fewer
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ˆ์„ ๋œ ๋นŒ๋ฆฌ๋ฉด ๋” ์ ์€
04:40
things, which can reduce inflation.
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๋ฌผ๊ฑด์„ ์‚ฌ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์–ด ์ธํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์„ ์ค„์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:42
I think it makes sense now!
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์ด์ œ ๋ง์ด ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„์š”!
04:44
And if you were in Venezuela in 2018, you
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹น์‹ ์ด 2018๋…„์— ๋ฒ ๋„ค์ˆ˜์—˜๋ผ์— ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋‹น์‹ 
04:47
would really want inflation
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์€ ์ •๋ง๋กœ ์ธํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜
04:49
to go down, wouldnโ€™t you?
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์ด ๋‚ด๋ ค๊ฐ€๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์›ํ–ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ฃ ?
04:50
Yes. Now, earlier I asked you what one report
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์˜ˆ. ์ž, ์ด์ „์— ํ•œ ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ์—์„œ 2017๋…„ 11์›”๊ณผ 2018๋…„
04:53
said the inflation rate was there between
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์‚ฌ์ด์— ์ธํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์œจ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ๋ฌผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:56
November 2017 and 2018.
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04:58
And I said a very high 1,300%.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ๋†’์€ 1,300%๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:03
Well, it was even higher, Beth.
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๊ธ€์Ž„, ๋” ๋†’์•˜์–ด, ๋ฒ ์Šค.
05:04
According to a study by the opposition-controlled
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์•ผ๋‹น์ด ์žฅ์•…ํ•œ ๊ตญํšŒ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด 2018๋…„ 11์›”๊นŒ์ง€
05:07
National Assembly, the annual inflation rate
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05:10
reached 1,300,000% in the 12 months
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12๊ฐœ์›” ๋™์•ˆ ์—ฐ๊ฐ„ ์ธํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์œจ์ด 130๋งŒ%์— ๋‹ฌ
05:15
to November 2018.
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ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:17
This extreme financial situation was
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ทน๋‹จ์ ์ธ ์žฌ์ • ์ƒํ™ฉ์€
05:19
known as hyperinflation.
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์ดˆ์ธํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์œผ๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:21
Thatโ€™s not good at all.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ „ํ˜€ ์ข‹์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:23
In this programme, we have been talking about
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์ด ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ธํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ
05:26
inflation โ€“ thatโ€™s theย  increase in prices over time.
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ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์ง€๋‚จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ฌผ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์ƒ์Šนํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:30
Other vocabulary we used included the
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์–ดํœ˜๋กœ๋Š”
05:32
expression hit in the pocket โ€“ which
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hit in the pocket์ด๋ผ๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:35
means you have less money to spend.
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์ด๋Š” ์ง€์ถœํ•  ๋ˆ์ด ์ ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:37
Volatile describes something that is
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Volatile์€
05:40
unpredictable and can change suddenly.
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์˜ˆ์ธกํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ณ  ๊ฐ‘์ž๊ธฐ ๋ณ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:43
Something that is sustained continues at the same level for a long period of time.
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์ง€์†๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ˆ˜์ค€์—์„œ ์ง€์†๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:48
And something that is effective works
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ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์€
05:50
well and gets the best results.
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์ž˜ ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ตœ์ƒ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์–ป์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:53
And interest rates are fees banks and financial
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด์ž์œจ์€ ์€ํ–‰๊ณผ ๊ธˆ์œต
05:56
institutions charge you for borrowing money.
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๊ธฐ๊ด€์ด ๋ˆ์„ ๋นŒ๋ฆด ๋•Œ ๋ถ€๊ณผํ•˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ˆ˜๋ฃŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:59
Well, we hope youโ€™ve found our brief lesson
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๊ธ€์Ž„, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์งง์€ ๊ตํ›ˆ์ด ๋‹น์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜์—ˆ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
06:01
about the economy useful.
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.
06:03
Thanks for listening. Goodbye for now!
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๋“ฃ๊ธฐ ์ฃผ์…”์„œ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์•ˆ๋…•!
06:05
Bye bye!
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์•ˆ๋…•!
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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