Pegasus: Activists 'spied on': BBC News Review

47,570 views ใƒป 2021-07-20

BBC Learning English


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ. ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืžืชื•ืจื’ืžื•ืช ืžืชื•ืจื’ืžื•ืช ื‘ืžื›ื•ื ื”.

00:00
Pegasus spyware, designed to monitor terrorists, is being used to spy
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ืชื•ื›ื ืช ืจื™ื’ื•ืœ ืคื’ืกื•ืก, ื”ืžื™ื•ืขื“ืช ืœื ื˜ืจ ื˜ืจื•ืจื™ืกื˜ื™ื, ืžืฉืžืฉืช ืœืจื’ืœ
00:05
on journalists and activists, according to a new investigation.
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ืื—ืจ ืขื™ืชื•ื ืื™ื ื•ืคืขื™ืœื™ื, ื›ืš ืขื•ืœื” ืžื—ืงื™ืจื” ื—ื“ืฉื”.
00:10
This is News Review from BBC Learning English.
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ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืกืงื™ืจืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืฉืœ BBC Learning English.
00:12
I'm Neil and joining me today is Roy. Hi Roy.
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ืื ื™ ื ื™ืœ ื•ืžืฆื˜ืจืฃ ืืœื™ ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ื•ื ืจื•ื™. ื”ื™ื™ ืจื•ืขื™.
00:15
Hello Neil and hello everybody.
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ืฉืœื•ื ื ื™ืœ ื•ืฉืœื•ื ืœื›ื•ืœื.
00:18
Yeah, if our wonderful viewers want to test themselves on the vocabulary
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ื›ืŸ, ืื ื”ืฆื•ืคื™ื ื”ื ืคืœืื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืืช ืขืฆืžื ืขืœ ืื•ืฆืจ ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื
00:21
around this story, all they need to do is head to our website
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ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื–ื”, ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื”ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื”ื•ื ืœื’ืฉืช ืœืืชืจ ืฉืœื ื•
00:25
bbclearningenglish.com for a quiz.
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bbclearningenglish.com ืœื—ื™ื“ื•ืŸ.
00:28
But now, let's listen to a BBC News report about this story:
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ืื‘ืœ ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืงืฉื™ื‘ ืœื“ื™ื•ื•ื— ื‘ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื”-BBC ืขืœ ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื–ื”:
00:58
So, the story is a military-grade piece of spyware known as Pegasus,
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ืื–, ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื•ื ืชื•ื›ื ืช ืจื™ื’ื•ืœ ื‘ืจืžื” ืฆื‘ืื™ืช ื”ื™ื“ื•ืขื” ื‘ืฉื Pegasus,
01:03
which was designed to monitor the
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ืฉื ื•ืขื“ื” ืœื ื˜ืจ ืืช
01:05
activities of terrorists and criminals around the world,
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ืคืขื™ืœื•ืชื ืฉืœ ื˜ืจื•ืจื™ืกื˜ื™ื ื•ืคื•ืฉืขื™ื ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื, ื•ื›ื›ืœ
01:08
is now apparently being used to spy on journalists and activists.
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ื”ื ืจืื” ื ืžืฆืืช ื›ืขืช ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืœืจื’ืœ ืื—ืจื™ ืขื™ืชื•ื ืื™ื ื•ืคืขื™ืœื™ื.
01:14
That is according to some investigative journalism.
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ื›ืš ืขืœ ืคื™ ื›ืžื” ืขื™ืชื•ื ื•ืช ื—ื•ืงืจืช.
01:18
You've been scanning the world's media for this story,
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ืืชื” ืกืจืงืช ืืช ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืœืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื–ื”,
01:20
haven't you Roy? You've picked out three really useful words.
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ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืจื•ืขื™? ื‘ื—ืจืช ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืžื™ืœื™ื ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื™ื•ืช ื‘ืืžืช.
01:24
What have you got?
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ืžื” ื™ืฉ ืœืš?
01:25
Yes. We have: 'targets', 'hack' and 'rogue'.
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ื›ืŸ. ื™ืฉ ืœื ื•: 'ืžื˜ืจื•ืช', 'ืคืจื™ืฆื”' ื•'ื ื•ื›ืœื•ืช'.
01:29
'Targets', 'hack' and 'rogue'.
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'ื™ืขื“ื™ื', 'ืคืจื™ืฆื”' ื•'ื ื•ื›ืœื™ื'.
01:32
So, let's have a look at your first headline please.
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ืื– ื‘ื•ื ื ืกืชื›ืœ ื‘ื‘ืงืฉื” ืขืœ ื”ื›ื•ืชืจืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉืœืš.
01:35
Our first headline comes from right here,
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ื”ื›ื•ืชืจืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉืœื ื• ืžื’ื™ืขื” ืžื›ืืŸ,
01:37
back at home, from the BBC and it reads:
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ื‘ื‘ื™ืช, ืžื”-BBC ื•ื›ืชื•ื‘:
01:46
'Targets' โ€“ chooses something to attack or pay attention to.
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'ืžื˜ืจื•ืช' - ื‘ื•ื—ืจ ืžืฉื”ื• ืœืชืงื•ืฃ ืื• ืœืฉื™ื ืœื‘ ืืœื™ื•.
01:51
Yeah. So, this word is spelt T-A-R-G-E-T-S
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ื›ึผึตืŸ. ืื–, ื”ืžื™ืœื” ื”ื–ื• ืžืื•ื™ืชืช T-A-R-G-E-T-S
01:57
and it's being used as a verb in the headline.
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ื•ื”ื™ื ืžืฉืžืฉืช ื›ืคื•ืขืœ ื‘ื›ื•ืชืจืช.
02:00
Yeah. So, 'targets' โ€“ I know what 'targets' are. There's that game
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ื›ึผึตืŸ. ืื–, 'ืžื˜ืจื•ืช' - ืื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข ืžื” ื”ืŸ 'ืžื˜ืจื•ืช'. ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ืžืฉื—ืง
02:04
where you throw little arrows towards a board that is a 'target'.
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ืฉื‘ื• ืืชื” ื–ื•ืจืง ื—ืฆื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื ืœืขื‘ืจ ืœื•ื— ืฉื”ื•ื 'ืžื˜ืจื”'.
02:12
What's the connection between this and this story.
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ืžื” ื”ืงืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืœืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื–ื”.
02:16
Well, that game is called darts and I am absolutely terrible at it.
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื”ืžืฉื—ืง ื”ื–ื” ื ืงืจื ื—ืฆื™ื ื•ืื ื™ ืžืžืฉ ื ื•ืจื ื‘ื–ื”.
02:20
I get this little dart and I try and throw it at the 'target'; I try and
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ืื ื™ ืžืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ื—ืฅ ื”ืงื˜ืŸ ื”ื–ื” ื•ืื ื™ ืžื ืกื” ืœื–ืจื•ืง ืื•ืชื• ืืœ ื”'ืžื˜ืจื”'; ืื ื™ ืžื ืกื”
02:25
hit the 'target'. That, in that case, is a noun โ€“ 'target' there.
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ืœืคื’ื•ืข ื‘'ืžื˜ืจื”'. ื–ื”, ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื›ื–ื”, ืฉื ืขืฆื - 'ืžื˜ืจื”' ืฉื.
02:28
I'm terrible at it: I always hit the wall, people need to duck.
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ืื ื™ ื ื•ืจื ื‘ื–ื”: ืื ื™ ืชืžื™ื“ ืคื•ื’ืข ื‘ืงื™ืจ, ืื ืฉื™ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืชื—ืžืง.
02:31
But the idea there is I'm trying to hit the 'target' โ€“ hit the board
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื ื”ื•ื ืฉืื ื™ ืžื ืกื” ืœืคื’ื•ืข ื‘'ืžื˜ืจื”' - ืคื’ืข ื‘ืœื•ื—
02:35
โ€“ and in the verb form, we say that 'we are targeting something':
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- ื•ื‘ืฆื•ืจืช ื”ืคื•ืขืœ, ืื ื—ื ื• ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉ'ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื›ื•ื•ื ื™ื ืœืžืฉื”ื•':
02:40
trying to hit it or we're paying attention to it.
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ืžื ืกื™ื ืœืคื’ื•ืข ื‘ื• ืื• ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืฉืžื™ื ืœื‘ ืืœื™ื•.
02:43
OK. So, that's a very literal definition we just gave there,
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ื‘ืกื“ืจ. ืื–, ื–ื• ื”ื’ื“ืจื” ืžืื•ื“ ืžื™ืœื•ืœื™ืช ืฉื–ื” ืขืชื” ื ืชื ื• ืฉื,
02:47
with somebody actually physically throwing something at a object
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ื›ืฉืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื‘ืขืฆื ื–ื•ืจืง ืžืฉื”ื• ืคื™ื–ื™ืช ืขืœ ื—ืคืฅ
02:53
called a 'target', but we use it more figuratively, don't we?
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ืฉื ืงืจื 'ืžื˜ืจื”', ืื‘ืœ ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื–ื” ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืคื™ื’ื•ืจื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช, ืœื?
02:57
We do. So, as I said, when you want to pay attention to something,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื. ืื–, ื›ืคื™ ืฉืืžืจืชื™, ื›ืฉืืชื” ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืฉื™ื ืœื‘ ืœืžืฉื”ื•,
03:01
to monitor something, you can 'target' someone or
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ืœืคืงื— ืขืœ ืžืฉื”ื•, ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ 'ืœืžืงื“' ืœืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืื•
03:05
something and that's what it's being used as in the headline.
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ืœืžืฉื”ื• ื•ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืฉืžืฉ ื‘ื›ื•ืชืจืช.
03:08
They're not trying to literally hit the journalists or activists,
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ื”ื ืœื ืžื ืกื™ื ืœืคื’ื•ืข ืžืžืฉ ื‘ืขื™ืชื•ื ืื™ื ืื• ื‘ืคืขื™ืœื™ื,
03:13
but they are paying attention to them.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ืฉืžื™ื ืœื‘ ืืœื™ื”ื.
03:14
They have selected them as their focus, if you like.
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ื”ื ื‘ื—ืจื• ืื•ืชื ื›ืžื•ืงื“ ืฉืœื”ื, ืื ืชืจืฆื•.
03:18
Yeah. Now, this is a word that we see often in connection to advertising.
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ื›ึผึตืŸ. ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื–ื• ืžื™ืœื” ืฉืื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืงืฉืจ ืœืคืจืกื•ื.
03:24
We do. We do. So, quite commonly adverts will identify
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื. ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื. ืœื›ืŸ, ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืคืจืกื•ืžื•ืช ืžื–ื”ื•ืช
03:29
a 'target market'. So, quite commonly we see these adverts for toys,
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'ืฉื•ืง ื™ืขื“'. ืœื›ืŸ, ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ืืช ื”ืคืจืกื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืืœื” ืœืฆืขืฆื•ืขื™ื,
03:33
which target children: you know, they're very vibrant, there's a happy
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ื”ืžื›ื•ื•ื ื•ืช ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื: ืืชื” ื™ื•ื“ืข, ื”ื ืžืื•ื“ ืชื•ืกืกื™ื, ื™ืฉ
03:37
child playing with the toy, and they're used to 'target' children,
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ื™ืœื“ ืฉืžื— ืฉืžืฉื—ืง ืขื ื”ืฆืขืฆื•ืข, ื•ื”ื ืจื’ื™ืœื™ื "ืœื›ื•ื•ืŸ" ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื,
03:40
or to 'target' the parents to give them an idea of what to buy.
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ืื• "ืœืžืงื“" ืืช ื”ืฆืขืฆื•ืข. ื”ื”ื•ืจื™ื ืœืชืช ืœื”ื ืžื•ืฉื’ ืžื” ืœืงื ื•ืช.
03:44
So, it's... there's a lot of, kind of, psychology behind it.
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ืื–, ื–ื”... ื™ืฉ ื”ืจื‘ื”, ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ, ืคืกื™ื›ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ ื–ื”.
03:48
People are selecting a 'target' audience or market, thinking
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ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื•ื—ืจื™ื ืงื”ืœ 'ื™ืขื“' ืื• ืฉื•ืง, ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื
03:51
about what people want to see and when they will be watching it.
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ืขืœ ืžื” ืื ืฉื™ื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ื•ืžืชื™ ื”ื ื™ืฆืคื• ื‘ื•.
03:55
Yes, also a word used often in the media: a 'target audience'.
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ื›ืŸ, ื’ื ืžื™ืœื” ืฉืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื” ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช: 'ืงื”ืœ ื™ืขื“'.
03:59
We have a 'target audience', don't we Roy?
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ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• 'ืงื”ืœ ื™ืขื“', ืœื ืจื•ืขื™?
04:01
We do, yeah. We want to... our 'target audience' are
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื›ืŸ. ืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื... 'ืงื”ืœ ื”ื™ืขื“' ืฉืœื ื• ื”ื
04:05
people around the world who want to learn English.
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ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืฉืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช.
04:08
We also see this word used a lot in the world of business, don't we Roy?
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื’ื ืจื•ืื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื™ืœื” ื”ื–ื• ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืขืกืงื™ื, ืœื ืจื•ืขื™?
04:12
We do. And it's quite commonly used as a noun or a verb as well.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื. ื•ื–ื” ื“ื™ ื ืคื•ืฅ ื’ื ื›ืฉื ืขืฆื ืื• ืคื•ืขืœ. ื•ื–ื”
04:16
And it's when they have an objective, if you like.
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ื›ืืฉืจ ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืžื˜ืจื”, ืื ืืชื” ืจื•ืฆื”.
04:19
So, a business may 'target an increase in profits' or 'the business
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ืื–, ืขืกืง ืขืฉื•ื™ 'ืœื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืœื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ื' ืื• '
04:23
target is to increase their profits'.
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ื”ื™ืขื“ ื”ืขืกืงื™ ื”ื•ื ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ื ืฉืœื•'.
04:26
Absolutely. OK. Let's get a summary:
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ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜. ื‘ืกื“ืจ. ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืงื‘ืœ ืกื™ื›ื•ื:
04:36
Now, talking about 'targets', we have a 'target' that the UK government
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื›ืฉืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ 'ื™ืขื“ื™ื', ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• 'ื™ืขื“' ืฉืžืžืฉืœืช ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื”
04:40
had to reduce obesity. Where can our viewers find that story?
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ืคื—ื™ืช ืืช ื”ื”ืฉืžื ื”. ืื™ืคื” ื”ืฆื•ืคื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืžืฆื•ื ืืช ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื–ื”?
04:45
All our wonderful viewers need to do is click the link in the description.
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ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื”ืฆื•ืคื™ื ื”ื ืคืœืื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื”ื•ื ืœืœื—ื•ืฅ ืขืœ ื”ืงื™ืฉื•ืจ ื‘ืชื™ืื•ืจ. ื”ื’ื™ืข
04:50
Time now for your next headline, please.
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ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืœื›ื•ืชืจืช ื”ื‘ืื” ืฉืœืš, ื‘ื‘ืงืฉื”.
04:52
Yes, our second headline comes from CNN and it reads:
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ื›ืŸ, ื”ื›ื•ืชืจืช ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื” ืฉืœื ื• ืžื’ื™ืขื” ืž-CNN ื•ื”ื™ื ื›ืชื•ื‘ื”:
05:09
'Hack' โ€“ get unauthorised access into a system or computer.
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'ืคืจื™ืฆื”' - ืงื‘ืœ ื’ื™ืฉื” ืœื ืžื•ืจืฉื™ืช ืœืžืขืจื›ืช ืื• ืœืžื—ืฉื‘.
05:15
Yes. So, this is a very, very small word and it's spelt: H-A-C-K.
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ื›ืŸ. ืื–, ื–ื• ืžื™ืœื” ืžืื•ื“ ืžืื•ื“ ืงื˜ื ื” ื•ื”ื™ื ืžืื•ื™ืชืช: H-A-C-K.
05:21
Now Neil, are you scared of โ€“ like, you see these stories
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื ื™ืœ, ืืชื” ืžืคื—ื“ - ื›ืื™ืœื•, ืืชื” ืจื•ืื” ืืช ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื”
05:25
all the time in the media about people who get access to your
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ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื‘ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ืขืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ื’ื™ืฉื” ืœืžื—ืฉื‘ ืฉืœืš
05:27
computer and steal your information โ€“ are you scared about this?
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ื•ื’ื•ื ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืฉืœืš - ืืชื” ืžืคื—ื“ ืžื–ื”?
05:32
Yes, I don't want to have my computer 'hacked'
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ื›ืŸ, ืื ื™ ืœื ืจื•ืฆื” ืฉื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ ืฉืœื™ 'ื™ืคืจืฅ'
05:35
or any sort of virus installed on it.
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ืื• ื›ืœ ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ื•ื™ืจื•ืก ืžื•ืชืงืŸ ืขืœื™ื•.
05:38
So, we use things like internet security and anti-virus and it's
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ืœื›ืŸ, ืื ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ืžื• ืื‘ื˜ื—ืช ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ื•ืื ื˜ื™ ื•ื™ืจื•ืก ื•ื˜ื•ื‘
05:42
good that you're aware of that. So,
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ืฉืืชื” ืžื•ื“ืข ืœื›ืš. ืื–,
05:46
that's to prevent people or things 'hacking' our computer: stealing
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ื–ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžื ื•ืข ืžืื ืฉื™ื ืื• ื“ื‘ืจื™ื 'ืœืคืจื•ืฅ' ืœืžื—ืฉื‘ ืฉืœื ื•: ื’ื ื™ื‘ืช
05:49
information like credit card details and other sensitive information.
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ืžื™ื“ืข ื›ืžื• ืคืจื˜ื™ ื›ืจื˜ื™ืก ืืฉืจืื™ ื•ืžื™ื“ืข ืจื’ื™ืฉ ืื—ืจ.
05:53
And this is the meaning in the headline. People are 'hacking',
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ื•ื–ื• ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื‘ื›ื•ืชืจืช. ืื ืฉื™ื 'ืคื•ืจืฆื™ื',
05:58
or somebody 'hacks', somebody's phone to get sensitive information.
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ืื• ืžื™ืฉื”ื• 'ืคื•ืจืฅ' ืœื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืžื™ื“ืข ืจื’ื™ืฉ.
06:03
Yeah, and you've used the word in several different forms there,
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ื›ืŸ, ื•ื”ืฉืชืžืฉืช ื‘ืžื™ืœื” ื‘ื›ืžื” ืฆื•ืจื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื,
06:06
as a verb like in the headline โ€“ 'to hack' โ€“ and we also talk about
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ื›ืคื•ืขืœ ื›ืžื• ื‘ื›ื•ืชืจืช - 'ืœืคืจื•ืฅ' - ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื’ื ืขืœ
06:11
the person who does it โ€“ a 'hacker' โ€“ and the activity โ€“ 'hacking'.
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ืžื™ ืฉืขื•ืฉื” ืืช ื–ื” - 'ื”ืืงืจ' - ื•ื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช - 'ืคืจื™ืฆื”' '.
06:15
All of these very negative things, but the word 'hack',
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ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืžืื•ื“ ืฉืœื™ืœื™ื™ื ื”ืืœื”, ืื‘ืœ ื”ืžื™ืœื” 'ื”ืืง',
06:19
I'm pleased to say, can be used positively,
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ืื ื™ ืฉืžื— ืœื•ืžืจ, ื ื™ืชื ืช ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™,
06:23
especially in combination with the word 'life'.
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ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืขื ื”ืžื™ืœื” 'ื—ื™ื™ื'.
06:27
Absolutely. So, what are my favourite 'life hacks' is if somebody's fridge
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ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜. ืื– ืžื” ื”ื ื”'ืคืจื™ืฆื•ืช ืœื—ื™ื™ื' ื”ืื”ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืขืœื™ื™ ื”ื•ื ืฉืื ื”ืžืงืจืจ ืฉืœ ืžื™ืฉื”ื•
06:32
is smelling, I put coffee grounds in a bowl and put it into the fridge,
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ืžืจื™ื—, ืฉืžืชื™ ื’ืจื’ืจื™ ืงืคื” ื‘ืงืขืจื” ื•ื”ื›ื ืกืชื™ ืื•ืชื• ืœืžืงืจืจ,
06:37
and it is a natural deodoriser โ€“ it removes the smell.
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ื•ื–ื” ืžืคื™ื’ ืจื™ื— ื˜ื‘ืขื™ - ื–ื” ืžืกื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืจื™ื—.
06:41
This is what we call a 'life hack':
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ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืื ื• ืžื›ื ื™ื 'ืคืจื™ืฆื” ืœื—ื™ื™ื':
06:43
a tip or a trick to make your life a little bit easier.
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ื˜ื™ืค ืื• ื˜ืจื™ืง ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœืš ืœืงืœื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ.
06:48
Yeah. Doesn't it just make your fridge smell like coffee?
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ื›ึผึตืŸ. ื”ืื ื–ื” ืœื ื’ื•ืจื ืœืžืงืจืจ ืฉืœืš ืœื”ืจื™ื— ื›ืžื• ืงืคื”?
06:50
I love coffee and I don't know if it actually works,
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ืื ื™ ืื•ื”ื‘ ืงืคื” ื•ืื ื™ ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืข ืื ื–ื” ื‘ืืžืช ืขื•ื‘ื“,
06:52
but it seems to work so I'm a winner.
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ืื‘ืœ ื ืจืื” ืฉื–ื” ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืื– ืื ื™ ืžื ืฆื—.
06:56
OK. So, a perfect example of a 'life hack', and that's a really
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ื‘ืกื“ืจ. ืื–, ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืžื•ืฉืœืžืช ืœ'ืคืจื™ืฆื” ืœื—ื™ื™ื', ื•ื–ื”
06:59
positive use of the word 'hack', which is normally really negative.
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ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืžืžืฉ ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ ื‘ืžื™ืœื” 'ืคืจื™ืฆื”', ืฉื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื”ื™ื ืžืžืฉ ืฉืœื™ืœื™ืช.
07:03
Now, to look at another meaning of the word 'hack' โ€“ Roy, you were in
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžื™ืœื” 'ื”ืืง' โ€“ ืจื•ืขื™, ื”ื™ื™ืช
07:07
your garden, having a really bad time this weekend, weren't you?
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ื‘ื’ื™ื ื” ืฉืœืš, ืขื‘ืจืช ืชืงื•ืคื” ืžืžืฉ ืœื ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื”ื–ื”, ืœื?
07:10
Oh yeah, it was... it was terrible.
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ืื” ื›ืŸ, ื–ื” ื”ื™ื”... ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื ื•ืจื.
07:12
I hadn't cut my grass for a few weeks and it was so high!
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ืœื ื’ื–ืจืชื™ ืืช ื”ื“ืฉื ืฉืœื™ ื‘ืžืฉืš ื›ืžื” ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื’ื‘ื•ื”!
07:16
It was so high and I had to get a big, long knife and really 'hack' at it:
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื•ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืกื›ื™ืŸ ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื•ืืจื•ื›ื” ื•ืžืžืฉ "ืœืคืจื•ืฅ" ืืœื™ื”:
07:20
cut imprecise cuts just like... over and over again,
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ืœื—ืชื•ืš ื—ืชื›ื™ื ืœื ืžื“ื•ื™ืงื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื›ืžื•... ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืฉื•ื‘,
07:25
'hacking' at the grass and 'hacking' at the plants to cut them down. And
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"ืœืคืจื•ืฅ" ืœื“ืฉื ื•"ืœืคืจื•ืฅ" ืœืฆืžื—ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื—ืชื•ืš ื”ื ืœืžื˜ื”. ื•ื–ื•
07:29
that is another meaning of the word 'hack' and it's a verb in that case.
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ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžื™ืœื” 'ืคืจื™ืฆื”' ื•ื”ื™ื ืคื•ืขืœ ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื›ื–ื”.
07:34
Absolutely. OK. Let's get a summary:
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ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜. ื‘ืกื“ืจ. ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืงื‘ืœ ืชืงืฆื™ืจ:
07:44
Well, we're looking at the word 'hack' and the word
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืกืชื›ืœื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืžื™ืœื” 'ื”ืืง' ื•ื”ืžื™ืœื”
07:47
'hack' appears in the name of one of our series: Lingohack.
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'ื”ืืง' ืžื•ืคื™ืขื” ื‘ืฉืžื” ืฉืœ ืื—ืช ืžื”ืกื“ืจื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•: Lingohack.
07:52
We've got a great story about the Loch Ness Monster, haven't we Roy?
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ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื ื”ื“ืจ ืขืœ ืžืคืœืฆืช ืœื•ืš ื ืก, ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืจื•ื™?
07:55
We do. And all our wonderful viewers need to do is click
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื. ื•ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื”ืฆื•ืคื™ื ื”ื ืคืœืื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื”ื•ื ืœืœื—ื•ืฅ ืขืœ
07:59
the link in the description below.
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ื”ืงื™ืฉื•ืจ ื‘ืชื™ืื•ืจ ืœืžื˜ื”.
08:01
OK. Let's have a look at your next headline.
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ื‘ืกื“ืจ. ื‘ื•ื ื ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ื”ื›ื•ืชืจืช ื”ื‘ืื” ืฉืœืš.
08:04
So, our next headline comes from Mail Online and it reads:
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ืื–, ื”ื›ื•ืชืจืช ื”ื‘ืื” ืฉืœื ื• ืžื’ื™ืขื” ืž-Mail Online ื•ื”ื™ื ื›ืชื•ื‘ื”:
08:18
'Rogue' โ€“ describes behaviour that's unexpected or damaging.
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'ื ื•ื›ืœ' - ืžืชืืจืช โ€‹โ€‹ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื‘ืœืชื™ ืฆืคื•ื™ื” ืื• ืžื–ื™ืงื”.
08:23
Yeah. So, in this headline it's being used as an adjective
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ื›ึผึตืŸ. ืื–, ื‘ื›ื•ืชืจืช ื”ื–ื• ื”ื•ื ืžืฉืžืฉ ื›ืฉื ืชื•ืืจ
08:27
and it is spelt: R-O-G-U-E.
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืื•ื™ืช: R-O-G-U-E.
08:31
Now, you know that I love animals, right Neil?
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืืชื” ื™ื•ื“ืข ืฉืื ื™ ืื•ื”ื‘ ื—ื™ื•ืช, ื ื›ื•ืŸ ื ื™ืœ?
08:35
Absolutely, yes. You love your dog, amongst other animals.
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ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ื›ืŸ. ืืชื” ืื•ื”ื‘ ืืช ื”ื›ืœื‘ ืฉืœืš, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื.
08:38
I do. And quite commonly you see animals in the wild in a group,
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ืขื™ื“ื•. ื•ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื ืคื•ืฅ ืœืžื“ื™ ืืชื” ืจื•ืื” ื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื˜ื‘ืข ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืฆื”,
08:43
sometimes referred to as a herd, and this is a normal way that
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ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื” ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืขื“ืจ, ื•ื–ื• ื“ืจืš ื ื•ืจืžืœื™ืช ืฉื‘ื”
08:48
animals will travel, but occasionally an animal will split off:
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ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ื ื•ืกืขื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ืžื“ื™ ืคืขื ื—ื™ื” ืชืชืคืฆืœ:
08:52
one animal was separate from the herd and go into a town and village and
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ื—ื™ื” ืื—ืช ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื ืคืจื“ืช ืžื”ืขื“ืจ ื•ื ื›ื ืกืช ืœืชื•ืš ืขื™ืจ ื•ื›ืคืจ
08:57
cause damage and disruption and we call this animal a 'rogue animal'.
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ื•ืœื’ืจื•ื ื ื–ืง ื•ื”ืคืจืขื” ื•ืื ื• ืงื•ืจืื™ื ืœื—ื™ื” ื”ื–ื• 'ื—ื™ื” ืกื•ืจืจืช'.
09:03
Right. OK. Not used only to describe animals, is it?
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ื™ืžื™ืŸ. ื‘ืกื“ืจ. ืœื ืžืฉืžืฉ ืจืง ืœืชื™ืื•ืจ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื, ื ื›ื•ืŸ?
09:08
I've seen this word as an adjective used to describe countries or states.
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ืจืื™ืชื™ ืืช ื”ืžื™ืœื” ื”ื–ื• ื›ืฉื ืชื•ืืจ ื”ืžืฉืžืฉ ืœืชื™ืื•ืจ ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืื• ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช.
09:13
Yeah. Quite commonly you hear of a 'rogue country' or a 'rogue state'
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ื›ึผึตืŸ. ื ืคื•ืฅ ืœืžื“ื™ ืืชื” ืฉื•ืžืข ืขืœ "ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื ื•ื›ืœืช" ืื• "ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื ื•ื›ืœืช"
09:16
and it refers to a country that's not behaving in an expected way,
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ื•ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ื”ื™ื ืœืžื“ื™ื ื” ืฉืื™ื ื” ืžืชื ื”ื’ืช ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืฆืคื•ื™ื”,
09:21
potentially that is dangerous or damaging to other
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ืฉืขืœื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืกื•ื›ื ืช ืื• ืžื–ื™ืงื” ืœืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช
09:24
countries around the world.
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ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื.
09:26
Yeah. And you see this word applied very often to North Korea, for example.
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ื›ึผึตืŸ. ื•ืืชื” ืจื•ืื” ืืช ื”ืžื™ืœื” ื”ื–ื• ืžื™ื•ืฉืžืช ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืžืื•ื“ ืขืœ ืฆืคื•ืŸ ืงื•ืจื™ืื”, ืœืžืฉืœ.
09:31
You do, especially when there's things
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ืืชื” ื›ืŸ, ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื›ืฉื™ืฉ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื
09:32
like missile tests and things like that.
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ื›ืžื• ื ื™ืกื•ื™ื™ ื˜ื™ืœื™ื ื•ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ืืœื”.
09:34
So, we've got... we've got animals,
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ืื–, ื™ืฉ ืœื ื•... ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื—ื™ื•ืช,
09:37
we've got states; can you use this to talk about people?
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ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช; ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื–ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืื ืฉื™ื?
09:41
Absolutely. You can say that a person, who's
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ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜. ืืคืฉืจ ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืื“ื, ืฉืื•ืœื™
09:43
maybe behaving again in an unexpected or dangerous way, is a 'rogue'.
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ืžืชื ื”ื’ ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื‘ืœืชื™ ืฆืคื•ื™ื” ืื• ืžืกื•ื›ื ืช, ื”ื•ื 'ื ื•ื›ืœ'.
09:48
Now, notice there that I used it as a noun.
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืฉื™ืžื• ืœื‘ ืฉื ืฉื”ืฉืชืžืฉืชื™ ื‘ื–ื” ื›ืฉื ืขืฆื.
09:50
We don't say a 'rogue person'; usually we say a 'rogue'. It's...
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ืื•ืžืจื™ื 'ืื“ื ื ื•ื›ืœ'; ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืื ื—ื ื• ืื•ืžืจื™ื 'ื ื•ื›ืœ'. ื–ื”...
09:56
Yeah. It's quite old fashioned though, isn't it?
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ื›ืŸ. ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ื“ื™ ืžื™ื•ืฉืŸ, ืœื?
09:59
It is. It's not as common now as it was.
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ื–ื”. ื–ื” ืœื ื ืคื•ืฅ ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ื™ื”.
10:01
You'll quite commonly see it in literature: older books, something
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ืืชื” ืชืจืื” ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื‘ืกืคืจื•ืช: ืกืคืจื™ื ื™ืฉื ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืžืฉื”ื•
10:04
maybe by Oscar Wilde, or something like that. A person is a 'rogue'.
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ืื•ืœื™ ืฉืœ ืื•ืกืงืจ ื•ื™ื™ืœื“, ืื• ืžืฉื”ื• ื›ื–ื”. ืื“ื ื”ื•ื 'ื ื•ื›ืœ'.
10:09
Yeah. OK. But we can also use it to talk about someone in a positive way.
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ื›ึผึตืŸ. ื‘ืกื“ืจ. ืื‘ืœ ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื• ื’ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ืช.
10:15
So, we've said that they were a bit unexpected or do, sort of,
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ืื–, ืืžืจื ื• ืฉื”ื ื”ื™ื• ืงืฆืช ืœื ืฆืคื•ื™ื™ื ืื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื, ื‘ืขืจืš,
10:19
bad things but we can... they can be a lovable person: a 'loveable rogue'.
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ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืจืขื™ื ืื‘ืœ ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื... ื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืื“ื ื—ื‘ื™ื‘: 'ื ื•ื›ืœ ื—ื‘ื™ื‘'.
10:25
A 'loveable rogue', yeah. So, this is maybe a person that you know,
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'ื ื•ื›ืœ ื—ื‘ื™ื‘', ื›ืŸ. ืื– ื–ื” ืื•ืœื™ ืื“ื ืฉืืชื” ืžื›ื™ืจ,
10:28
maybe a friend who's very charming and you absolutely love him, but
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ืื•ืœื™ ื—ื‘ืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืื•ื“ ืžืงืกื™ื ื•ืืชื” ืœื’ืžืจื™ ืื•ื”ื‘ ืื•ืชื•, ืื‘ืœ
10:32
he's a bit cheeky and he does things that maybe are a bit unexpected.
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ื”ื•ื ืงืฆืช ื—ื•ืฆืคืŸ ื•ื”ื•ื ืขื•ืฉื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืื•ืœื™ ื”ื ืงืฆืช ืœื ืฆืคื•ื™ื™ื.
10:37
Yeah. You don't want to trust this person.
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ื›ึผึตืŸ. ืืชื” ืœื ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืกืžื•ืš ืขืœ ื”ืื“ื ื”ื–ื”.
10:39
No.
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ืœื.
10:41
OK. One final thing to say about the word 'rogue' โ€“
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ื‘ืกื“ืจ. ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ืœื•ืžืจ ืขืœ ื”ืžื™ืœื” 'ื ื•ื›ืœ' -
10:44
we saw the spelling there with the '-ue' at the end.
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ืจืื™ื ื• ืืช ื”ืื™ื•ืช ืฉื ืขื ื”-'-ue' ื‘ืกื•ืฃ.
10:47
We don't pronounce that. We just end with that 'guh' sound: 'rogue'.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ืžื‘ื˜ืื™ื ืืช ื–ื”. ืื ื—ื ื• ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืžืกื™ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ืฆืœื™ืœ ื”-'guh' ื”ื–ื”: 'ื ื•ื›ืœ'.
10:52
Yeah, it's not 'ro-gyu'...
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ื›ืŸ, ื–ื” ืœื 'ro-gyu'...
10:54
No, it's not 'ro-gwa'. No, it's... ย 
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ืœื, ื–ื” ืœื 'ro-gwa'. ืœื, ื–ื”...
10:56
It's just 'rogue'. OK. Let's get a summary:
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ื–ื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ 'ื ื•ื›ืœ'. ื‘ืกื“ืจ. ื‘ื•ื ื ืงื‘ืœ ืชืงืฆื™ืจ: ื”ื’ื™ืข
11:06
Time now then, Roy, for a recap of our vocabulary please.
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ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืจื•ืขื™, ืœืกื™ื›ื•ื ืฉืœ ืื•ืฆืจ ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ื‘ืงืฉื”.
11:10
We had 'targets' โ€“ chooses something to attack or pay attention to.
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ื”ื™ื• ืœื ื• 'ืžื˜ืจื•ืช' - ื‘ื•ื—ืจ ืžืฉื”ื• ืœืชืงื•ืฃ ืื• ืœืฉื™ื ืœื‘ ืืœื™ื•.
11:16
We had 'hack' โ€“ gets unauthorised access into a system or computer.
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ื”ื™ื” ืœื ื• 'ืคืจื™ืฆื”' - ืžืงื‘ืœ ื’ื™ืฉื” ืœื ืžื•ืจืฉื™ืช ืœืžืขืจื›ืช ืื• ืœืžื—ืฉื‘.
11:22
And we had 'rogue' โ€“ describes behaviour that is unexpected or damaging.
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ื•ื”ื™ื” ืœื ื• 'ื ื•ื›ืœ' - ืžืชืืจ ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื‘ืœืชื™ ืฆืคื•ื™ื” ืื• ืžื–ื™ืงื”.
11:29
If you want to test yourself on the vocabulary, there's a quiz on our
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ืื ืืชื” ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืืช ืขืฆืžืš ืขืœ ืื•ืฆืจ ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื, ื™ืฉ ื—ื™ื“ื•ืŸ
11:33
website at bbclearningenglish.com and we're all over social media.
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ื‘ืืชืจ ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ื›ืชื•ื‘ืช bbclearningenglish.com ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื” ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช.
11:37
Take care and see you next time. Goodbye.
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ืชืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ืขืฆืžืš ื•ืœื”ืชืจืื•ืช ื‘ืคืขื ื”ื‘ืื”. ื”ึฑื™ื” ืฉืœื•ื.
11:40
Bye.
163
700000
1120
ื‘ื™ื™.
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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