What is the future for fuel?: BBC News Review

196,928 views ใƒป 2022-03-15

BBC Learning English


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ. ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืžืชื•ืจื’ืžื•ืช ืžืชื•ืจื’ืžื•ืช ื‘ืžื›ื•ื ื”.

00:00
What is the future for fuel?
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ืžื” ื”ืขืชื™ื“ ืฉืœ ื”ื“ืœืง?
00:02
The war in Ukraine has made many people
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ื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ื‘ืื•ืงืจืื™ื ื” ื’ืจืžื” ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื
00:05
question their reliance on oil and gas,
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ืœื”ื˜ื™ืœ ืกืคืง ื‘ื”ืกืชืžื›ื•ืชื ืขืœ ื ืคื˜ ื•ื’ื–,
00:08
and there have been calls for the transition to alternative
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ื•ื”ื™ื• ืงืจื™ืื•ืช ืœื”ืื™ืฅ ืืช ื”ืžืขื‘ืจ
00:12
and renewable energy sources to be speeded up.
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ืœืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื—ืœื•ืคื™ื™ื ื•ืžืชื—ื“ืฉื™ื .
00:16
ย  Hello, I'm Rob. Welcome to News Review
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ืฉืœื•ื, ืื ื™ ืจื•ื‘. ื‘ืจื•ื›ื™ื ื”ื‘ืื™ื ืœ-News Review
00:19
from BBC Learning English.
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ืžื‘ื™ืช BBC Learning English.
00:21
And to talk more about this story
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ื•ื›ื“ื™ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขื•ื“ ืขืœ ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื–ื”
00:24
and the vocabulary behind the headlines,
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ื•ืขืœ ืื•ืฆืจ ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ ื”ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช,
00:26
we've got Roy. Hello Roy.
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ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืืช ืจื•ื™. ืฉืœื•ื ืจื•ืขื™.
00:28
Hello Rob and hello everybody.
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ืฉืœื•ื ืจื•ื‘ ื•ืฉืœื•ื ืœื›ื•ืœื.
00:31
If you would like to test yourself on the vocabulary around this story,
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ืื ืชืจืฆื” ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืืช ืขืฆืžืš ืขืœ ืื•ืฆืจ ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื–ื”,
00:35
all you need to do is head to our website
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ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืืชื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื”ื•ื ืœื’ืฉืช ืœืืชืจ ืฉืœื ื•
00:38
bbclearningenglish.com to take a quiz.
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bbclearningenglish.com ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื—ืช ื—ื™ื“ื•ืŸ.
00:42
But now, let's explain more about this news story.
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ืื‘ืœ ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืกื‘ื™ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื—ื“ืฉื•ืชื™ ื”ื–ื”.
00:46
Countries, mainly in Europe, have been trying to reduce
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ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช, ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ืื™ืจื•ืคื”, ื ื™ืกื• ืœื”ืคื—ื™ืช ืืช
00:50
their reliance on Russia's oil and gas
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ืชืœื•ืชืŸ ื‘ื ืคื˜ ื•ื‘ื’ื– ืฉืœ ืจื•ืกื™ื”
00:52
following the invasion of Ukraine.
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ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื”ืคืœื™ืฉื” ืœืื•ืงืจืื™ื ื”.
00:55
The EU gets roughly 40% of its gas from Russia.
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ื”ืื™ื—ื•ื“ ื”ืื™ืจื•ืคื™ ืžืงื‘ืœ ื›-40% ืžื”ื’ื– ืฉืœื• ืžืจื•ืกื™ื”.
01:00
That's according to figures from research group
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ื›ืš ืขื•ืœื” ืžื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ื”ืžื—ืงืจ
01:03
Transport and Environment.
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ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ื•ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื”.
01:05
This dependence costs around $118 million a day.
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ืชืœื•ืช ื–ื• ืขื•ืœื” ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืช 118 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืœืจ ืœื™ื•ื.
01:11
The EU has now laid out a strategy that could cut reliance
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ื”ืื™ื—ื•ื“ ื”ืื™ืจื•ืคื™ ื”ื’ื“ื™ืจ ื›ืขืช ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื” ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืฆืžืฆื ืืช ื”ืชืœื•ืช
01:15
on this fuel source by two thirds within a year.
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ื‘ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ื“ืœืง ื”ื–ื” ื‘ืฉื ื™ ืฉืœื™ืฉ ื‘ืชื•ืš ืฉื ื”.
01:19
The REPowerEU Plan aims to make Europe independent
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ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช REPowerEU ืฉื•ืืคืช ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ืื™ืจื•ืคื” ืœื‘ืœืชื™ ืชืœื•ื™ื”
01:24
of Russian fossil fuels by 2030.
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ื‘ื“ืœืง ืžืื•ื‘ื ื™ื ืจื•ืกื™ ืขื“ 2030.
01:27
Yeah, and you've picked three words and expressions
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ื›ืŸ, ื•ื‘ื—ืจืช ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืžื™ืœื™ื ื•ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ื™ื
01:30
from the news headlines about this story. What are they please?
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ืžื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื–ื”. ืžื” ื”ื ื‘ื‘ืงืฉื”?
01:34
We have 're-energise',
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ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• 'ืœื”ืžืจื™ืฅ ืžื—ื“ืฉ',
01:36
'mitigate' and 'seeing sense'.
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'ืœื”ืคื—ื™ืช' ื•'ืœืจืื•ืช ื”ื’ื™ื•ืŸ'.
01:39
So, that's 're-energise', 'mitigate' and 'seeing sense'.
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ืื–, ื–ื” 'ืœื”ืžืจื™ืฅ ืžื—ื“ืฉ', 'ืœื”ืคื—ื™ืช' ื•'ืœืจืื•ืช ื”ื’ื™ื•ืŸ'.
01:44
OK. Well, let's have a look at that first headline then please.
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ื‘ืกื“ืจ. ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื‘ื•ื ื ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ื”ื›ื•ืชืจืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืื– ื‘ื‘ืงืฉื”.
01:47
OK. So, our first headline comes from Reuters and it reads:
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ื‘ืกื“ืจ. ืื–, ื”ื›ื•ืชืจืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉืœื ื• ืžื’ื™ืขื” ืžืจื•ื™ื˜ืจืก ื•ื”ื™ื ืื•ืžืจืช:
01:56
So that's 're-energise' โ€” give new energy and life to something.
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ืื– ื–ื” 'ืœื”ืžืจื™ืฅ ืžื—ื“ืฉ' - ืœืชืช ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื—ื“ืฉื” ื•ื—ื™ื™ื ืœืžืฉื”ื•.
02:01
So, 're-energise': R-E, hyphen, E-N-E-R-G-I-S-E.
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ืื–, 'ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืžื—ื“ืฉ': R-E, ืžืงืฃ, E-N-E-R-G-I-S-E.
02:09
Now, notice when I spelt it, I spelt it with an 's'.
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืฉื™ืžื• ืœื‘ ื›ืฉืื™ื™ืชืชื™ ืื•ืชื•, ืื™ื™ืชืชื™ ืื•ืชื• ื‘-'s'.
02:12
In British English we spell this word with an 's',
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ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื™ืช ืื ื• ืžืื™ื™ืชื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื™ืœื” ื”ื–ื• ื‘-'s',
02:16
whereas in American English it is spelt with a 'z'.
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ื•ืื™ืœื• ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ืช ื”ื™ื ืžืื•ื™ืชืช ื‘-'z'.
02:19
And it means to give new vitality or energy to something,
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ื•ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืœืชืช ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืื• ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื—ื“ืฉื” ืœืžืฉื”ื•,
02:23
but let's break this word down.
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืคืจืง ืืช ื”ืžื™ืœื” ื”ื–ื•.
02:25
Let's first of all talk about that prefix 're-'.
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ื‘ื•ื ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืงื•ื“ื ื›ืœ ืขืœ ื”ืงื™ื“ื•ืžืช 're-'.
02:28
Yeah, 're-'. I mean, I've seen lots of words that begin with 're-'.
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ื›ืŸ, 'ืžื—ื“ืฉ'. ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ืจืื™ืชื™ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื™ืœื™ื ืฉืžืชื—ื™ืœื•ืช ื‘-'re-'.
02:32
For example, related to movies,
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ืœืžืฉืœ, ืงืฉื•ืจ ืœืกืจื˜ื™ื,
02:34
you can get a 'remake' or a 're-release', yeah?
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ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืงื‘ืœ 'ืจื™ืžื™ื™ืง' ืื• 'ื”ื•ืฆืื” ืžื—ื•ื“ืฉืช', ื›ืŸ?
02:37
Yeah, absolutely. So, what 're-' means is 'again':
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ื›ืŸ, ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜. ืื– ืžื” ืฉ're-' ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื• ื”ื•ื 'ืฉื•ื‘':
02:41
that prefix means 'again'.
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ื”ืงื™ื“ื•ืžืช ื”ื–ื• ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื” 'ืฉื•ื‘'.
02:44
So, if you 'remake' a film, you take an original film โ€”
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ืœื›ืŸ, ืื ืืชื” 'ืžื—ื“ืฉ' ืกืจื˜, ืืชื” ืœื•ืงื— ืกืจื˜ ืžืงื•ืจื™ -
02:48
maybe the same story with different actors and a different director โ€”
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ืื•ืœื™ ืื•ืชื• ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืขื ืฉื—ืงื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื•ื‘ืžืื™ ืื—ืจ -
02:52
and you make it again: you 'remake' the film.
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ื•ืืชื” ืขื•ืฉื” ืื•ืชื• ืฉื•ื‘: ืืชื” 'ืžื—ื“ืฉ' ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜.
02:57
You also said 're-release'.
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ืืžืจืช ื’ื 'ื”ื•ืฆืื” ืžื—ื“ืฉ'.
02:59
That's when we take the original film and release it again: to 're-release'.
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ืื– ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื•ืงื—ื™ื ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ ื”ืžืงื•ืจื™ ื•ืžืฉื—ืจืจื™ื ืื•ืชื• ืฉื•ื‘: ื›ื“ื™ 'ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืžื—ื“ืฉ'.
03:05
Now, let's move away from movies in, sort of...
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื‘ื•ื ื ืชืจื—ืง ืžืกืจื˜ื™ื, ื‘ืขืจืš...
03:08
If you write an essay and your teacher โ€” they...
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ืื ืืชื” ื›ื•ืชื‘ ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื•ื”ืžื•ืจื” ืฉืœืš - ื”ื...
03:12
they don't like your essay.
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ื”ื ืœื ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืฉืœืš.
03:14
You could 'rewrite' it: write it again.
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ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ 'ืœื›ืชื•ื‘' ืืช ื–ื”: ืœื›ืชื•ื‘ ืืช ื–ื” ืฉื•ื‘.
03:17
Or 'redo' it โ€” do it again.
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ืื• 'ืขืฉื” ื–ืืช ืžื—ื“ืฉ' - ืขืฉื” ื–ืืช ืฉื•ื‘.
03:20
'Re-energise' means give new energy to something.
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'ืœื”ืžืจื™ืฅ ืžื—ื“ืฉ' ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื• ืœืชืช ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื—ื“ืฉื” ืœืžืฉื”ื•.
03:24
Yeah, and in the headline we were talking about a situation being 're-energised',
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ื›ืŸ, ื•ื‘ื›ื•ืชืจืช ื“ื™ื‘ืจื ื• ืขืœ ืžืฆื‘ ืฉืœ 'ืžื—ื“ืฉ',
03:29
but of course people can be 're-energised'.
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช 'ืžื—ื“ืฉื™ื'.
03:32
When I'm feeling a bit low or a bit tired,
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ื›ืฉืื ื™ ืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ืงืฆืช ื ืžื•ืš ืื• ืงืฆืช ืขื™ื™ืฃ,
03:34
I might have a strong cup of coffee to 're-energise' myself.
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ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉืืฉืชื” ื›ื•ืก ืงืคื” ื—ื–ืงื” ื›ื“ื™ 'ืœื”ืžืจื™ืฅ' ืืช ืขืฆืžื™ ืžื—ื“ืฉ.
03:39
Absolutely. Yes, people can. And if you're really, really tired,
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ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜. ื›ืŸ, ืื ืฉื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื. ื•ืื ืืชื” ืžืžืฉ ืžืžืฉ ืขื™ื™ืฃ,
03:43
maybe you should take some more holidays.
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ืื•ืœื™ ื›ื“ืื™ ืœืš ืœืงื—ืช ืขื•ื“ ื›ืžื” ื—ื•ืคืฉื•ืช.
03:46
Now, often when we go away, it's time that we can use to de-stress and relax
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื›ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ื–ื‘ื™ื, ื”ื’ื™ืข ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื•ืจื™ื“ ืืช ื”ืžืชื— ื•ืœื”ื™ืจื’ืข
03:53
and that means that we then feel more energised.
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ื•ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื ืจื’ื™ื”.
03:57
We feel energised again or 're-energised'.
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ืื ื• ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื ืฉื•ื‘ ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืื• 'ืžื—ื“ืฉื™ื'.
03:59
We have another expression that we can use to say this
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ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืขื•ื“ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื•ืžืจ ืืช ื–ื”
04:03
and it means... we say: 'Recharge your batteries.'
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ... ืื ื—ื ื• ืื•ืžืจื™ื: 'ืชื˜ืขืŸ ืืช ื”ืžืฆื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืœืš'.
04:06
So, you go on holiday to 'recharge your batteries'.
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ืื–, ืืชื ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ืœื—ื•ืคืฉื” ื›ื“ื™ 'ืœื”ื˜ืขื™ืŸ ืžืฆื‘ืจื™ื'.
04:08
It's like we have batteries inside of us and again it...
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ื–ื” ื›ืื™ืœื• ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืกื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื• ื•ืฉื•ื‘ ื–ื”...
04:12
it adds charge again, so it 'recharges our batteries'.
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ื–ื” ืžื•ืกื™ืฃ ื˜ืขื™ื ื” ืฉื•ื‘, ืื– ื–ื” "ืžื˜ืขื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืกื•ืœืœื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•".
04:16
And of course you can actually 'recharge' batteries.
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ื•ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืžืžืฉ 'ืœื”ื˜ืขื™ืŸ' ืกื•ืœืœื•ืช. ืกื•ืœืœื•ืช
04:19
Recyclable or โ€” sorry โ€” rechargeable batteries:
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ื ื™ืชื ื•ืช ืœืžื™ื—ื–ื•ืจ ืื• - ืกืœื™ื—ื” - ื ื˜ืขื ื•ืช:
04:22
you can 're-energise' those, can't you? Is that how we say it?
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ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ 'ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืžื—ื“ืฉ' ืืช ืืœื”, ืœื? ื›ื›ื” ืื ื—ื ื• ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืืช ื–ื”?
04:24
You can 're-energise' a battery, but it is not a common way of saying it.
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ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ 'ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืžื—ื“ืฉ' ืกื•ืœืœื”, ืื‘ืœ ื–ื• ืœื ื“ืจืš ื ืคื•ืฆื” ืœื•ืžืจ ื–ืืช.
04:28
It would be more natural to say 'recharge' a battery,
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ื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื•ืžืจ 'ืœื”ื˜ืขื™ืŸ' ืกื•ืœืœื”,
04:31
but both of the words 're-energise' and 'recharging'
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ืื‘ืœ ืฉืชื™ ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื 'ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืžื—ื“ืฉ' ื•'ื˜ืขื™ื ื”'
04:34
are both about adding energy again.
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ื”ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ื•ืกืคืช ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืฉื•ื‘.
04:36
So, it's got a similar idea.
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ืื– ื™ืฉ ืœื• ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืžื”.
04:38
OK Roy. Thanks for that. Let's have a summary:
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ื‘ืกื“ืจ ืจื•ืขื™. ืชื•ื“ื” ืขืœ ื–ื”. ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืขืฉื” ืกื™ื›ื•ื:
04:48
In our 6 Minute English programme,
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ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช 6 ื“ืงื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืฉืœื ื•,
04:50
we looked at smart tech and climate change โ€” an interesting topic.
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ื‘ื“ืงื ื• ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื—ื›ืžื” ื•ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ ืืงืœื™ื - ื ื•ืฉื ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ.
04:54
How can we watch that video again, Roy?
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ืื™ืš ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืฆืคื•ืช ื‘ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื” ืฉื•ื‘, ืจื•ื™?
04:56
All you need to do is click the link in the description below.
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ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืืชื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื”ื•ื ืœืœื—ื•ืฅ ืขืœ ื”ืงื™ืฉื•ืจ ื‘ืชื™ืื•ืจ ืœืžื˜ื”.
05:00
Yeah, it's down there below. OK.
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ื›ืŸ, ื–ื” ืฉื ืœืžื˜ื”. ื‘ืกื“ืจ.
05:02
Let's move on to your next headline please.
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ื‘ื•ื ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืœื›ื•ืชืจืช ื”ื‘ืื” ืฉืœืš ื‘ื‘ืงืฉื”.
05:05
OK. So, our next headline comes from New Civil Engineer and it reads:
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ื‘ืกื“ืจ. ืื–, ื”ื›ื•ืชืจืช ื”ื‘ืื” ืฉืœื ื• ืžื’ื™ืขื” ืžื”ื ื“ืก ืื–ืจื—ื™ ื—ื“ืฉ ื•ื”ื™ื ืื•ืžืจืช:
05:17
That's 'mitigate' โ€” lessen negative effects.
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ื–ื” 'ืœื”ืคื—ื™ืช' - ืœื”ืคื—ื™ืช ืืช ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช ื”ืฉืœื™ืœื™ื•ืช.
05:21
OK. So, 'mitigate' is a verb
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ื‘ืกื“ืจ. ืื–, 'ืœื”ืงืœ' ื”ื•ื ืคื•ืขืœ
05:24
and it is spelt: M-I-T-I-G-A-T-E.
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ื•ื”ื•ื ื›ืชื™ื‘: ืž-ืื™-ืช-ื™-ื’-ื-ืช-ื”.
05:29
And it means to lessen or lower the bad effects of something.
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ื•ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืœื”ืคื—ื™ืช ืื• ืœื”ืคื—ื™ืช ืืช ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช ื”ืจืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืฉื”ื•.
05:34
And we often use this word in connection with business these days, don't we?
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืžื™ืœื” ื”ื–ื• ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืงืฉืจ ืœืขืกืงื™ื ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื•, ืœื?
05:38
Yes, we do. Now, let me give you an example.
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ื›ืŸ ืื ื—ื ื• ื›ืŸ. ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื”ืจืฉื• ืœื™ ืœืชืช ืœื›ื ื“ื•ื’ืžื”.
05:42
Now, when we talk about 'mitigating' something โ€”
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื›ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ 'ืœืžืชืŸ' ืžืฉื”ื• -
05:45
I come from an island
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ืื ื™ ื‘ื ืžืื™
05:47
and it's quite a popular place for tourists
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ื•ื–ื” ืžืงื•ื ื“ื™ ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ ืœืชื™ื™ืจื™ื
05:50
and in the summer a lot of people come here for tourism.
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ื•ื‘ืงื™ืฅ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืื™ื ืœื›ืืŸ ืœืชื™ื™ืจื•ืช.
05:55
Now, there are lots of benefits to the economy of tourism,
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื™ืฉ ื”ืžื•ืŸ ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ืœื›ืœื›ืœืช ื”ืชื™ื™ืจื•ืช,
05:59
but also for some there's a negative impact
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ืื‘ืœ ื’ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื—ืœืงื ื™ืฉ ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืฉืœื™ืœื™ืช
06:02
because there's a lot more people and things are busier.
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ื›ื™ ื™ืฉ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื ืฉื™ื ื•ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืžื•ืกื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ.
06:05
Now, to get to the island where I live
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืื™ ืฉื‘ื• ืื ื™ ื’ืจ
06:09
you need a boat to get here
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ืืชื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืกื™ืจื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื›ืืŸ
06:11
and that means that in the summer when the tourists come, it's a lot busier.
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ื•ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื‘ืงื™ืฅ ื›ืฉื”ืชื™ื™ืจื™ื ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื, ื–ื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขืžื•ืก.
06:15
So, the company can 'mitigate' the effects of more people
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ืœื›ืŸ, ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” 'ืœืžืชืŸ' ืืช ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื ืฉื™ื
06:20
by running more boats.
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ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืคืขืœืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืกื™ืจื•ืช.
06:22
OK. Got it.
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ื‘ืกื“ืจ. ื”ื‘ื ืช.
06:24
But in the headline here when we're using the word 'mitigate',
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื›ื•ืชืจืช ื›ืืŸ ื›ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืžื™ืœื” 'ืœื”ืคื—ื™ืช',
06:27
we're talking about reducing the reliance on fossil fuels from other places,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืคื—ืชืช ื”ื”ืกืชืžื›ื•ืช ืขืœ ื“ืœืงื™ื ืžืื•ื‘ื ื™ื ืžืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืื—ืจื™ื,
06:33
but can 'mitigate' have other uses?
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืื ืœ'ื”ืงืœื”' ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื?
06:35
Yeah. So, for example, you could 'mitigate' damage to the environment
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ื›ึผึตืŸ. ื›ืš, ืœืžืฉืœ, ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ 'ืœืžืชืŸ' ืืช ื”ื ื–ืง ืœืกื‘ื™ื‘ื”
06:40
by starting to use renewable energy sources
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ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืชื—ืœืช ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืžืชื—ื“ืฉื™ื
06:43
or you could 'mitigate' pollution in rivers
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ืื• ืฉืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ 'ืœืžืชืŸ' ืืช ื”ื–ื™ื”ื•ื ื‘ื ื”ืจื•ืช
06:48
by changing the way in which you... your drainage systems.
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ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ื“ืจืš ืฉื‘ื” ืืชื”... ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ื ื™ืงื•ื– ืฉืœืš.
06:53
There are lots of different ways that you can use 'mitigate'.
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ื™ืฉ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื”ืŸ ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘'ืœื”ืคื—ื™ืช'.
06:55
And we use the word, it seems, for things that have big impacts
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืžื™ืœื”, ื›ืš ื ืจืื”, ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช
06:58
or big changes and it's quite a formal word as well.
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ืื• ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื•ื–ื• ื’ื ืžื™ืœื” ื“ื™ ืจืฉืžื™ืช.
07:02
Absolutely. It's not commonly used in everyday situations.
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ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜. ื–ื” ืœื ื ืคื•ืฅ ื‘ืžืฆื‘ื™ื ื™ื•ืžื™ื•ืžื™ื™ื.
07:06
So, for example, you said earlier when you're tired you...
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ืื–, ืœืžืฉืœ, ืืžืจืช ืงื•ื“ื ื›ืฉืืชื” ืขื™ื™ืฃ ืืชื”...
07:10
you... you drink a coffee.
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ืืชื”... ืืชื” ืฉื•ืชื” ืงืคื”.
07:11
I wouldn't say, for example: 'I'm mitigating the effects of tiredness.'
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ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืื•ืžืจ, ืœืžืฉืœ: 'ืื ื™ ืžืคื—ื™ืช ืืช ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช ื”ืขื™ื™ืคื•ืช'.
07:15
It would be very strange.
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ื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžืื•ื“ ืžื•ื–ืจ.
07:16
Alternatives to 'mitigate': you could say maybe
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ื—ืœื•ืคื•ืช ืœ'ืœื”ืคื—ื™ืช': ืืคืฉืจ ืœื•ืžืจ ืื•ืœื™
07:19
'ease', 'lessen' or 'weaken'.
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'ืœื”ืงืœ', 'ืœื”ืคื—ื™ืช' ืื• 'ืœื”ื—ืœื™ืฉ'.
07:22
OK. Very interesting. Thank you, Roy. Let's have a summary:
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ื‘ืกื“ืจ. ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืื•ื“. ืชื•ื“ื”, ืจื•ืขื™. ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืขืฉื” ืกื™ื›ื•ื:
07:33
In one of our News Review programmes,
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ื‘ืื—ืช ืžืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื”-News Review ืฉืœื ื•,
07:36
we talked about countries trying to change the UN climate report.
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ื“ื™ื‘ืจื ื• ืขืœ ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืฉืžื ืกื•ืช ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื“ื•"ื— ื”ืืงืœื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืื•"ื.
07:41
How can we find out more, Roy?
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ืื™ืš ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื’ืœื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืจื•ื™?
07:42
All you need to do is click the link in the description below.
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ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืืชื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื”ื•ื ืœืœื—ื•ืฅ ืขืœ ื”ืงื™ืฉื•ืจ ื‘ืชื™ืื•ืจ ืœืžื˜ื”.
07:46
OK. Thanks. Let's now have a look at your next headline please.
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ื‘ืกื“ืจ. ืชื•ื“ื”. ื‘ื•ื ื ืกืชื›ืœ ื‘ื‘ืงืฉื” ืขืœ ื”ื›ื•ืชืจืช ื”ื‘ืื” ืฉืœืš.
07:50
OK. So, the next headline comes from the Guardian and it reads:
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ื‘ืกื“ืจ. ืื–, ื”ื›ื•ืชืจืช ื”ื‘ืื” ืžื’ื™ืขื” ืžื”ื’ืจื“ื™ืืŸ ื•ื”ื™ื ืื•ืžืจืช:
08:01
So, that's 'seeing sense' โ€” understanding something logical.
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ืื–, ื–ื” 'ืœืจืื•ืช ื”ื’ื™ื•ืŸ' - ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืฉื”ื• ื”ื’ื™ื•ื ื™.
08:05
OK. 'Seeing sense' โ€” it's a fixed expression.
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ื‘ืกื“ืจ. 'ืœืจืื•ืช ื”ื’ื™ื•ืŸ' - ื–ื” ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ืงื‘ื•ืข.
08:08
We usually say 'see sense'.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืื•ืžืจื™ื 'ืจืื” ื”ื’ื™ื•ืŸ'.
08:10
In this case, it's spelt: S-E-E-I-N-G, S-E-N-S-E.
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ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื–ื”, ื–ื” ื›ืชื™ื‘: S-E-E-I-N-G, S-E-N-S-E.
08:17
And it means understand... to understand something logical.
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ื•ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ... ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืฉื”ื• ื”ื’ื™ื•ื ื™.
08:22
Now, an example of this is a while ago I was struggling with my old phone.
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืœื›ืš ื”ื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ื–ืžืŸ ืžื”, ื ืื‘ืงืชื™ ืขื ื”ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ื”ื™ืฉืŸ ืฉืœื™.
08:27
It had a cracked screen.
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ื”ื™ื” ืœื• ืžืกืš ืกื“ื•ืง.
08:28
Even the letter 'p' wouldn't work on the keyboard.
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ืืคื™ืœื• ื”ืื•ืช 'p' ืœื ืชืขื‘ื•ื“ ืขืœ ื”ืžืงืœื“ืช.
08:31
I was really struggling and you kept saying:
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ื”ื™ื” ืœื™ ืžืžืฉ ืงืฉื” ื•ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืืžืจืช:
08:33
'Buy a new phone, Rob! Buy the latest phone.'
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'ืงื ื” ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ื—ื“ืฉ, ืจื•ื‘! ืงื ื” ืืช ื”ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸืด.
08:36
Eventually I gave in to your nagging
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ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื ื›ื ืขืชื™ ืœื ื“ื ื•ื“ื™ื ืฉืœืš
08:38
and I bought a new phone and it's changed my life.
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ื•ืงื ื™ืชื™ ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ื—ื“ืฉ ื•ื–ื” ืฉื™ื ื” ืืช ื—ื™ื™. "
08:41
I've 'seen sense', Roy.
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ืจืื™ืชื™ ื”ื’ื™ื•ืŸ", ืจื•ื™.
08:43
Yeah, you finally 'saw sense'.
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ื›ืŸ, ืกื•ืฃ ืกื•ืฃ 'ืจืื™ืช ื”ื’ื™ื•ืŸ'.
08:45
Now, 'sense' in thisโ€ฆ this sort of situation means logic or a good idea,
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, 'ื—ื•ืฉ' ื‘ื–ื”... ืžืฆื‘ ื›ื–ื” ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื• ื”ื™ื’ื™ื•ืŸ ืื• ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ื‘,
08:51
or the idea that you're coming round to my way of thinking.
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ืื• ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืืชื” ืขื•ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื“ืจืš ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืฉืœื™.
08:55
And I'm using 'see sense' โ€” you 'saw sense' โ€”
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ื•ืื ื™ ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘'ืจืื” ื”ื’ื™ื•ืŸ' - ืืชื” 'ืจืื™ืช ื”ื’ื™ื•ืŸ' -
08:57
to mean that you finally agreed with me.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืกื•ืฃ ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืกื›ืžืช ืื™ืชื™.
09:00
And we, kind of, use this phrase
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื•, ื‘ืขืจืš, ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื”ื–ื”
09:02
when we think someone's doing something a bit foolish.
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ื›ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืขื•ืฉื” ืžืฉื”ื• ื˜ื™ืคืฉื™.
09:05
We want them to 'see sense'.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืฉื”ื 'ื™ืจืื• ื”ื’ื™ื•ืŸ'.
09:08
Yeah, that's right. We commonly use it when we're talking about...
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ื›ืŸ ื–ื” ื ื›ื•ืŸ. ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื–ื” ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื›ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ...
09:11
when we think somebody's behaviour is maybe a bit silly
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ื›ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืื•ืœื™ ืงืฆืช ื˜ื™ืคืฉื™ืช
09:14
or it's not correct and we want them to...
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ืื• ืฉื”ื™ื ืœื ื ื›ื•ื ื” ื•ืื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื
09:17
to change or to agree with something that most people believe is sensible.
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ื™ืฉื ื” ืื• ื™ืกื›ื™ื ืขื ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืจื•ื‘ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ื’ื™ื•ื ื™.
09:22
Now, we have another expression
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ื›ืขืช, ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื ื•ืกืฃ
09:25
when we talk about what most people believe is a sensible idea
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ื›ืืฉืจ ืื ื• ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ืžื” ืฉืจื•ื‘ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื’ื™ื•ื ื™
09:29
and that is 'common sense'.
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ื•ื”ื•ื 'ื”ื’ื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ืฉืจ'.
09:32
It's something that everyone knows or thinks is a good idea.
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ื–ื” ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื›ื•ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืื• ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ื‘.
09:36
Yeah, I guess it's... for example, you're using a train.
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ื›ืŸ, ืื ื™ ืžื ื™ื— ืฉื–ื”... ืœืžืฉืœ, ืืชื” ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืจื›ื‘ืช.
09:39
It's a very busy train. When it comes into the station,
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ื–ื• ืจื›ื‘ืช ืขืžื•ืกื” ืžืื•ื“. ื›ืฉื–ื” ื ื›ื ืก ืœืชื—ื ื”,
09:43
you want all the people to get off the train before you get on the train.
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ืืชื” ืจื•ืฆื” ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื™ืจื“ื• ืžื”ืจื›ื‘ืช ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืืชื” ืขื•ืœื” ืœืจื›ื‘ืช.
09:46
That'sโ€ฆ that's 'common sense', isn't it?
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ื–ื”... ื–ื” 'ื”ื™ื’ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืจื™ื', ืœื?
09:48
Yeah, absolutely. Now, my father always says,
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ื›ืŸ, ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜. ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืื‘ื ืฉืœื™ ืชืžื™ื“ ืื•ืžืจ,
09:51
'Common sense isn't that common,'
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'ืฉื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจ ื–ื” ืœื ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื ืคื•ืฅ',
09:53
which means that, although it's logical
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ืžื” ืฉืื•ืžืจ ืฉืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื–ื” ื”ื’ื™ื•ื ื™
09:55
and a lot of people should understand that,
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ื•ื”ืจื‘ื” ืื ืฉื™ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื–ื”,
09:58
not everybody gets that idea,
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ืœื ื›ื•ืœื ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืืช ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื”,
10:00
which is why I always see people not letting other people get off
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ื•ื–ื• ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉืื ื™ ืชืžื™ื“ ืจื•ืื” ืื ืฉื™ื ืœื ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ืœืื—ืจื™ื ืจื“
10:04
and there's... there's a real struggle and it makes it difficult for people.
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ื•ื”ื ื”... ื™ืฉ ืžืื‘ืง ืืžื™ืชื™ ื•ื–ื” ืžืงืฉื” ืขืœ ืื ืฉื™ื.
10:09
I think they need to 'see sense', yeah?
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื”ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื 'ืœืจืื•ืช ื”ื’ื™ื•ืŸ', ื›ืŸ?
10:13
Yes.
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ื›ืŸ.
10:14
OK. Very sensible advice.
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ื‘ืกื“ืจ. ืขืฆื” ื”ื’ื™ื•ื ื™ืช ืžืื•ื“.
10:17
Let's have a look at a summary:
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ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ืชืงืฆื™ืจ:
10:26
Well, it's time now for you to recap the words and expressions
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื”ื’ื™ืข ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืฉืชืกื›ื ืืช ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื ื•ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ื™ื ืขืœื™ื”ื
10:30
we've talked about today please, Roy.
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ื“ื™ื‘ืจื ื• ื”ื™ื•ื ื‘ื‘ืงืฉื”, ืจื•ืขื™.
10:33
Yes. We had 're-energise' โ€” give new energy and life to something.
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ื›ืŸ. ื”ื™ื” ืœื ื• 'ืœื”ืžืจื™ืฅ ืžื—ื“ืฉ' - ืœืชืช ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื—ื“ืฉื” ื•ื—ื™ื™ื ืœืžืฉื”ื•.
10:40
We had 'mitigate' โ€” lessen negative effects.
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ื”ื™ื” ืœื ื• 'ืœื”ืคื—ื™ืช' - ืœื”ืคื—ื™ืช ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช ืฉืœื™ืœื™ื•ืช.
10:44
And we had 'seeing sense' โ€” understanding something logical.
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ื•ื”ื™ื” ืœื ื• 'ืœืจืื•ืช ื”ื’ื™ื•ืŸ' - ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืฉื”ื• ื”ื’ื™ื•ื ื™.
10:50
Now, if you want to test your understanding of today's vocabulary,
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืื ืืชื” ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืืช ื”ื”ื‘ื ื” ืฉืœืš ื‘ืื•ืฆืจ ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื•ื,
10:54
just go to the quiz that's on our website at bbclearningenglish.com.
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ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืœื—ื™ื“ื•ืŸ ืฉื ืžืฆื ื‘ืืชืจ ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ื›ืชื•ื‘ืช bbclearningenglish.com.
10:58
And that's the place to go to to find all our Learning English resources.
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ื•ื–ื” ื”ืžืงื•ื ืœืœื›ืช ืืœื™ื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžืฆื•ื ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช.
11:03
And of course we're on social media as well so check us out.
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ื•ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื’ื ื‘ืจืฉืชื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื•ืช ืื– ื‘ื“ื•ืง ืื•ืชื ื•.
11:07
Well, that's all for today's News Review.
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื–ื” ื”ื›ืœ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืกืงื™ืจืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื•ื.
11:09
Thank you for watching and we'll see you next time.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืฉืฆืคื™ืชื ื•ื ืชืจืื” ื‘ืคืขื ื”ื‘ืื”.
11:12
Goodbye.
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ื”ึฑื™ื” ืฉืœื•ื.
11:13
Bye!
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ื‘ื™ื™!
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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