'Spy balloon' row: BBC News Review

65,956 views ใƒป 2023-02-08

BBC Learning English


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ. ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืžืชื•ืจื’ืžื•ืช ืžืชื•ืจื’ืžื•ืช ื‘ืžื›ื•ื ื”.

00:00
Was it a spy balloon that the US Air Force shot down?
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ื”ืื ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืœื•ืŸ ืจื™ื’ื•ืœ ืฉื—ื™ืœ ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ื”ืืžืจื™ืงื ื™ ื”ืคื™ืœ?
00:04
China says no.
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ืกื™ืŸ ืื•ืžืจืช ืฉืœื.
00:06
This is News Review from BBC
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ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืกืงื™ืจืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืฉืœ BBC
00:08
Learning English. I'm Neil. And I'm Beth.
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Learning English. ืื ื™ ื ื™ืœ. ื•ืื ื™ ื‘ืช'.
00:10
Make sure you watch to the end to learn vocabulary to talk about this story.
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ื”ืงืคื“ ืœืฆืคื•ืช ืขื“ ื”ืกื•ืฃ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืื•ืฆืจ ืžื™ืœื™ื ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื–ื”.
00:15
Don't forget to subscribe to our channel,
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ืืœ ืชืฉื›ื—ื• ืœื”ื™ืจืฉื ืœืขืจื•ืฅ ืฉืœื ื•,
00:17
like this video and try the quiz that's on our website. Now, the story.
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ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืœื™ื™ืง ืœืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื” ื•ืœื ืกื•ืช ืืช ื”ื—ื™ื“ื•ืŸ ืฉื ืžืฆื ื‘ืืชืจ ืฉืœื ื•. ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ.
00:22
A Chinese balloon has been shot down by the US Air Force,
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ื‘ืœื•ืŸ ืกื™ื ื™ ื”ื•ืคืœ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื™ืœ ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ื”ืืžืจื™ืงื ื™,
00:27
near the country's coast.
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ืœื™ื“ ื—ื•ืคื™ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”.
00:30
Washington believes it was a spy balloon, while China says that
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ื•ื•ืฉื™ื ื’ื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืืžื™ื ื” ืฉื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืœื•ืŸ ืจื™ื’ื•ืœ, ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉืกื™ืŸ ืื•ืžืจืช
00:34
it was just monitoring the weather.
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ืฉื”ื™ื ืจืง ืขืงื‘ื” ืื—ืจ ืžื–ื’ ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ.
00:37
The incident has led to the delay of an important diplomatic visit to China.
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ื”ืชืงืจื™ืช ื”ื‘ื™ืื” ืœืขื™ื›ื•ื‘ ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจ ื“ื™ืคืœื•ืžื˜ื™ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืกื™ืŸ.
00:44
You have been looking at the headlines,
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ื”ืกืชื›ืœืช ืขืœ ื”ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช,
00:45
Beth. What's the vocabulary?
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ื‘ืช'. ืžื” ืื•ืฆืจ ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื?
00:47
We have 'deflate', 'bickering'
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ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• 'ืคื™ืจื•ืง', 'ืžืจื™ื‘ื•ืช'
00:51
and 'on edge'.
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ื•'ืขืœ ื”ืงืฆื”'.
00:52
This is News Review from
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ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืกืงื™ืจืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืฉืœ
00:54
BBC Learning English.
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BBC Learning English.
01:05
Let's have a look at our first headline.
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ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ื”ื›ื•ืชืจืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉืœื ื•.
01:07
This is from BBC News.
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ื–ื” ืž-BBC News.
01:10
Balloon saga deflates
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ืกืื’ืช ื”ื‘ืœื•ื ื™ื ืžื•ืฆื™ืื” ืืช
01:12
efforts to mend US-China relations.
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ื”ืžืืžืฆื™ื ืœืชืงืŸ ืืช ื™ื—ืกื™ ืืจื”"ื‘-ืกื™ืŸ.
01:15
ย 
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01:16
So, this headline is saying
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ืื–, ื”ื›ื•ืชืจืช ื”ื–ื• ืื•ืžืจืช
01:18
that this story about the balloon has had a negative effect on
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ืฉืœืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื–ื” ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืœื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืฉืœื™ืœื™ืช ืขืœ
01:22
China-US relations.
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ื™ื—ืกื™ ืกื™ืŸ-ืืจื”"ื‘.
01:24
They are not getting better as a result. The word
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ื”ื ืœื ืžืฉืชืคืจื™ื ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžื›ืš. ื”ืžื™ืœื” ืฉืื ื•
01:27
we are looking at is 'deflate'. Now, literally,
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ืžืกืชื›ืœื™ื ืขืœื™ื” ื”ื™ื 'ืœืจื•ืงืŸ'. ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืคืฉื•ื˜ื• ื›ืžืฉืžืขื•,
01:30
'deflate' means to let the air out of something.
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'ืœืจื•ืงืŸ' ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื• ืœืฉื—ืจืจ ืืช ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ืžืžืฉื”ื•.
01:34
Now, I'm sure that the headline writer has chosen this word
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืื ื™ ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ืฉื›ื•ืชื‘ ื”ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ื‘ื—ืจ ื‘ืžื™ืœื” ื”ื–ื•
01:37
because we're talking about a balloon,
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ื›ื™ ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื‘ืœื•ืŸ,
01:40
but also you can let the air out of something like
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ืื‘ืœ ื’ื ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืืช ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ืžืžืฉื”ื• ื›ืžื•
01:42
a football or car or bike tyres.
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ื›ื“ื•ืจื’ืœ ืื• ืฆืžื™ื’ื™ ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ืื• ืื•ืคื ื™ื™ื.
01:45
But, that's not what we're talking about here, is it?
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ืื‘ืœ, ืœื ืขืœ ื–ื” ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ืืŸ, ื ื›ื•ืŸ?
01:48
No. Here it is a metaphor.
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ืœื. ื›ืืŸ ื–ื• ืžื˜ืคื•ืจื”.
01:50
So, to deflate something in this way means to take the energy
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ืื–, ืœืจื•ืงืŸ ืžืฉื”ื• ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื›ื–ื• ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื• ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืžืžื ื• ืืช ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื”
01:54
or force out of it.
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ืื• ื”ื›ื•ื—.
01:55
So, think about that ball or tyre.
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ืื– ืชื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ื”ื›ื“ื•ืจ ืื• ื”ืฆืžื™ื’ ื”ื–ื”.
01:58
If it has no air in it,
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ืื ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื• ืื•ื•ื™ืจ,
01:59
it's pretty useless.
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ื–ื” ื“ื™ ื—ืกืจ ืชื•ืขืœืช.
02:02
Now, this way of talking about it is connected to hopes and dreams,
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ื–ื• ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื–ื” ืงืฉื•ืจื” ืœืชืงื•ื•ืช ื•ืœื—ืœื•ืžื•ืช,
02:07
isn't it? It is, yeah.
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ืœื? ื–ื” ื›ืŸ.
02:08
So, your hopes and dreams can become deflated
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ืื–, ื”ืชืงื•ื•ืช ื•ื”ื—ืœื•ืžื•ืช ืฉืœืš ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืชืจื•ืงืŸ
02:11
and it just means that they become weaker.
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ื•ื–ื” ืจืง ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ื ื”ื•ืคื›ื™ื ื—ืœืฉื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ.
02:13
Yeah. Now, maybe you have
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ื›ึผึตืŸ. ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืื•ืœื™ ื™ืฉ ืœืš
02:16
a football team or a sports team.
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ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ื›ื“ื•ืจื’ืœ ืื• ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ืกืคื•ืจื˜.
02:18
You really want them to win
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ืืชื” ื‘ืืžืช ืจื•ืฆื” ืฉื”ื ื™ื ืฆื—ื•
02:20
and then they keep losing so you feel deflated. Your hopes for the team
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ื•ืื– ื”ื ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืคืกื™ื“ ืื– ืืชื” ืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ืžื“ื•ืœื“ืœ. ื”ืชืงื•ื•ืช ืฉืœืš ื‘ืฆื•ื•ืช
02:25
are deflated.
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ื”ืชืจื•ืงื ื•.
02:26
Yeah. Or you need 80% in an exam to pass and you get 79% โ€“
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ื›ึผึตืŸ. ืื• ืฉืืชื” ืฆืจื™ืš 80% ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ื•ืชืงื‘ืœ 79% -
02:32
you're going to feel deflated.
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ืืชื” ื”ื•ืœืš ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ืžื ื•ื–ืœ.
02:34
Let's look at that again. ย 
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ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ื–ื” ืฉื•ื‘.
02:44
Let's have a look at our next headline.
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ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ื”ื›ื•ืชืจืช ื”ื‘ืื” ืฉืœื ื•.
02:46
This is from AP. Balloon bickering
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ื–ื” ืž-AP. ื‘ืœื•ืŸ ืžืชืงื•ื˜ื˜
02:49
over Biden's actions,
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ืขืœ ืžืขืฉื™ื• ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืŸ, ืขืœ
02:51
China's intentions.
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ื›ื•ื•ื ื•ืชื™ื” ืฉืœ ืกื™ืŸ.
02:53
Yes. So, there have been arguments over President
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ื›ืŸ. ืื– ื”ื™ื• ื•ื™ื›ื•ื—ื™ื ืขืœ
02:56
Biden's actions and also China's intentions with this balloon.
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ืžืขืฉื™ื• ืฉืœ ื”ื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืŸ ื•ื’ื ืขืœ ื›ื•ื•ื ื•ืชื™ื” ืฉืœ ืกื™ืŸ ืขื ื”ื‘ืœื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื”.
03:02
We are looking, though, at the word 'bickering'.
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ืขื ื–ืืช, ืื ื• ืžืกืชื›ืœื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืžื™ืœื” 'ืžืจื™ื‘ื•ืช'.
03:06
Now, 'bickering',
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, 'ืžืจื™ื‘ื”',
03:07
it means arguing.
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ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ื•ื™ื›ื•ื—.
03:08
But, there are lots of words in English that we can use instead of arguing.
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ืื‘ืœ, ื™ืฉ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื™ืœื™ื ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื”ืŸ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœื”ืชื•ื•ื›ื—.
03:13
But the headline writer might have chosen 'bickering' because it starts
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ืื‘ืœ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉื›ื•ืชื‘ ื”ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ื‘ื—ืจ ื‘'ืจื™ื‘' ื›ื™ ื–ื” ืžืชื—ื™ืœ
03:16
with the same letter as 'balloon'.
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ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืื•ืช ื›ืžื• 'ื‘ืœื•ืŸ'.
03:19
So, we have 'balloon bickering'.
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ืื– ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ' ืžืจื™ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืœื•ื ื™ื'.
03:21
Now, what kind of arguing is 'bickering', Neil?
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืื™ื–ื” ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ื•ื™ื›ื•ื— ื–ื” 'ืžืจื™ื‘ื•ืช', ื ื™ืœ?
03:24
Well, 'bickering' is the kind of arguing
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, 'ืจื™ื‘' ื”ื•ื ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ื•ื™ื›ื•ื—ื™ื
03:27
about things that aren't really that important.
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ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื”ื ืœื ื‘ืืžืช ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื.
03:30
So, imagine a brother and sister constantly fighting over
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ืื–, ื“ืžื™ื™ื ื• ืื— ื•ืื—ื•ืช ืจื‘ื™ื ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืขืœ
03:34
little things.
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ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื.
03:36
So, if it's little things,
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ืื–, ืื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื,
03:38
why is the headline writer
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ืžื“ื•ืข ื›ื•ืชื‘ ื”ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช
03:40
using 'bickering' about this thing that sounds quite serious?
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ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘'ืจื™ื‘' ืขืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื–ื” ืฉื ืฉืžืข ื“ื™ ืจืฆื™ื ื™?
03:43
Well, it's quite possible that the headline writer thinks that these
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื›ื•ืชื‘ ื”ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื”
03:49
things that they are talking about, aren't very important.
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ืฉื”ื ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœื™ื”ื, ืื™ื ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“.
03:52
But it's more likely what we said before, that
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ืื‘ืœ ืกื‘ื™ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืžื” ืฉืืžืจื ื• ืงื•ื“ื,
03:54
it just sounds good to write
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ืฉื–ื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื ืฉืžืข ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœื›ืชื•ื‘
03:56
or to say 'balloon bickering'.
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ืื• ืœื•ืžืจ 'ืžืจื™ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืœื•ื ื™ื'.
03:58
Let's look at that again.
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ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ื–ื” ืฉื•ื‘.
04:06
ย 
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04:08
Let's have a look at our next headline.
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ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ื”ื›ื•ืชืจืช ื”ื‘ืื” ืฉืœื ื•.
04:10
This is from the Financial Times.
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ื–ื” ืž"ืคื™ื™ื ื ืฉืœ ื˜ื™ื™ืžืก".
04:13
China's military keeps rivals
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ื”ืฆื‘ื ืฉืœ ืกื™ืŸ ืฉื•ืžืจ ืขืœ ื”ื™ืจื™ื‘ื™ื
04:16
on edge with balloon strategy.
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ืขืœ ืงืฆื” ื”ืžื–ืœื’ ืขื ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื™ืช ื‘ืœื•ื ื™ื.
04:18
So, the headline and story is saying that China's use of balloons
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ืื–, ื”ื›ื•ืชืจืช ื•ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืฉืœ ืกื™ืŸ ื‘ื‘ืœื•ื ื™ื
04:24
in this way is making other countries feel uncomfortable.
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ื‘ื“ืจืš ื–ื• ื’ื•ืจื ืœืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ืœื ื‘ื ื•ื—.
04:28
The expression that we're looking at is 'on edge'.
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ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ืฉืื ื• ืžืกืชื›ืœื™ื ืขืœื™ื• ื”ื•ื 'ืขืœ ื”ืงืฆื”'.
04:31
That's right. So, the expression 'on edge'
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ื–ื” ื ื›ื•ืŸ. ืื–, ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ 'ืขืœ ื”ืงืฆื”'
04:33
is that you feel tense because maybe you're nervous or worried.
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ื”ื•ื ืฉืืชื” ืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ืžืชื•ื— ื›ื™ ืื•ืœื™ ืืชื” ืขืฆื‘ื ื™ ืื• ืžื•ื“ืื’.
04:39
Can you break it down for us Neil?
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ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืคืจืง ืœื ื• ืืช ื–ื” ื ื™ืœ?
04:40
Yes, well, we don't know exactly the origin of this expression,
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ื›ืŸ, ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืืช ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื”ื–ื”,
04:44
but it's useful to imagine standing on the edge of something, for example,
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื™ ืœื“ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืขื•ืžื“ ืขืœ ืงืฆื” ืฉืœ ืžืฉื”ื•, ืœืžืฉืœ,
04:50
a mountain, a cliff or a tall building.
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ื”ืจ, ืฆื•ืง ืื• ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ื‘ื•ื”.
04:53
You are going to feel nervous and stressed because something bad
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ืืชื” ื”ื•ืœืš ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ืขืฆื‘ื ื™ ื•ืœื—ื•ืฅ ื›ื™ ืžืฉื”ื• ืจืข
04:57
might happen. Exactly.
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ืขืœื•ืœ ืœืงืจื•ืช. ื‘ึผึฐื“ึดื™ื•ึผืง.
04:58
It's quite dangerous.
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ื–ื” ื“ื™ ืžืกื•ื›ืŸ.
04:59
You might fall.
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ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื™ืคื•ืœ.
05:01
So, when people are 'on edge',
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ืœื›ืŸ, ื›ืืฉืจ ืื ืฉื™ื 'ืขืœ ื”ืงืฆื”',
05:02
they can sometimes react in a very stressed
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ื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืœื”ื’ื™ื‘ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืžืื•ื“ ืœื—ื•ืฆื”
05:05
way, or maybe with anger.
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, ืื• ืื•ืœื™ ื‘ื›ืขืก.
05:07
Neil, is there anything that puts you on edge?
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ื ื™ืœ, ื™ืฉ ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืžืขืžื™ื“ ืื•ืชืš ื‘ืงืฆื”?
05:09
Well, this morning, Beth,
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื”ื‘ื•ืงืจ, ื‘ืช',
05:10
we came to the studio and the script wasn't quite ready
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ื‘ืื ื• ืœืื•ืœืคืŸ ื•ื”ืชืกืจื™ื˜ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืžืžืฉ ืžื•ื›ืŸ
05:13
and we didn't have much time. I felt a bit 'on edge'.
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ื•ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืœื ื• ื”ืจื‘ื” ื–ืžืŸ. ื”ืจื’ืฉืชื™ ืงืฆืช 'ืขืœ ื”ืงืฆื”'.
05:16
Yeah. That's right. We're OK now.
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ื›ึผึตืŸ. ื–ื” ื ื›ื•ืŸ. ืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ืกื“ืจ ืขื›ืฉื™ื•.
05:18
It was OK in the end.
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืกื“ืจ ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ.
05:20
OK, let's look at that again.
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ื‘ืกื“ืจ, ื‘ื•ื ื ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ื–ื” ืฉื•ื‘.
05:30
We've had 'deflate' โ€“
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ื”ื™ื” ืœื ื• 'ืคื™ืจื•ืง' -
05:31
take the air, energy or strength out of something.
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ื”ื•ืฆื™ืื• ืืช ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ, ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืื• ื”ื›ื•ื— ืžืžืฉื”ื•.
05:35
bickering โ€“ arguing over something that really doesn't matter.
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ืจื™ื‘ - ื•ื™ื›ื•ื— ืขืœ ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื‘ืืžืช ืœื ืžืฉื ื”.
05:39
And 'on edge' โ€“ tense because you're nervous or worried about something.
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ื•'ืขืœ ื”ืงืฆื”' - ืžืชื•ื— ื›ื™ ืืชื” ืขืฆื‘ื ื™ ืื• ืžื•ื“ืื’ ืžืžืฉื”ื•.
05:44
Don't forget there's a quiz on our website at
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ืืœ ืชืฉื›ื— ืฉื™ืฉ ื—ื™ื“ื•ืŸ ื‘ืืชืจ ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ื›ืชื•ื‘ืช
05:46
BBCLearningEnglish.com. Thanks for joining us and goodbye. Bye!
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BBCLearningEnglish.com. ืชื•ื“ื” ืฉื”ืฆื˜ืจืคืช ืืœื™ื ื• ื•ืœื”ืชืจืื•ืช. ื‘ื™ื™!
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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