6 Minute English: Connecting remote communities

147,184 views ใƒป 2022-08-11

BBC Learning English


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ. ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืžืชื•ืจื’ืžื•ืช ืžืชื•ืจื’ืžื•ืช ื‘ืžื›ื•ื ื”.

00:07
Hello. This is 6 Minute English from BBC Learning English. Iโ€™m Neil.
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ืฉืœื•ื. ื–ื•ื”ื™ 6 ื“ืงื•ืช ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืžื‘ื™ืช BBC Learning English. ืื ื™ ื ื™ืœ.
00:12
And Iโ€™m Sam.
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ื•ืื ื™ ืกื.
00:13
If youโ€™re old enough to remember the early days
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ืื ืืชื” ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจ ืžืกืคื™ืง ื›ื“ื™ ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ ืืช ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื
00:15
of dial-up internet thenย  youโ€™ll know the unforgettable
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ืฉืœ ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ื‘ื—ื™ื•ื’, ืชื“ืข ืืช ื”ืฆืœื™ืœ ื”ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ืฉื›ื—
00:19
sound of the โ€˜handshakeโ€™, the clicks and squeaks
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ืฉืœ 'ืœื—ื™ืฆืช ื”ื™ื“', ื”ืœื—ื™ืฆื•ืช ื•ื”ื—ืจื™ืงื•ืช ืฉื”ืžื—ืฉื‘
00:22
your computer made as it struggled to connect
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ืฉืœืš ืขืฉื” ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ื ืื‘ืง ืœื”ืชื—ื‘ืจ
00:25
to the internet through the telephone line.
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ืœืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ื“ืจืš ืงื• ื”ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ.
00:27
Yes, I remember that strange noise! Dial-up
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ื›ืŸ, ืื ื™ ื–ื•ื›ืจ ืืช ื”ืจืขืฉ ื”ืžื•ื–ืจ ื”ื–ื”!
00:31
internet was slow and websites took forever
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ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ื‘ื—ื™ื•ื’ ื”ื™ื” ืื™ื˜ื™ ื•ืืชืจื™ ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ืœืงื— ื ืฆื— ืœื˜ืขื•ืŸ
00:34
to load. And because you couldnโ€™t use both
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. ื•ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื’ื
00:37
the internet and the telephone at the same time,
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ื‘ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ื•ื’ื ื‘ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ื‘ื• ื–ืžื ื™ืช,
00:40
this was usually followed by someone shouting,
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืื—ืจื™ื• ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืฉืฆืขืง,
00:43
โ€œGet off the computer, Iโ€™m making a phone call!โ€
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"ืชืจื“ ืžื”ืžื—ืฉื‘, ืื ื™ ืžืชืงืฉืจ!"
00:46
In the thirty years since then, the internet has
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ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืฉืœื•ืฉื™ื ื”ืฉื ื™ื ืฉื—ืœืคื• ืžืื–, ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜
00:49
changed dramatically. Fibre optics and
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ื”ืฉืชื ื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื“ืจืžื˜ื™. ืกื™ื‘ื™ื ืื•ืคื˜ื™ื™ื ื•ืคืก
00:52
broadband have created superfast internet
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ืจื—ื‘ ื™ืฆืจื• ืžื”ื™ืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ืกื•ืคืจ ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช
00:54
speeds and an interconnected online world,
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ื•ืขื•ืœื ืžืงื•ื•ืŸ ืžืงื•ืฉืจ,
00:57
where physical distances between people are
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ืฉื‘ื• ืžืจื—ืงื™ื ืคื™ื–ื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ืฉื™ื
01:00
no longer a barrier to communication -
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ืื™ื ื ืขื•ื“ ืžื—ืกื•ื ืœืชืงืฉื•ืจืช -
01:03
a situation expressed in theย  phrase, the global village.
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ืžืฆื‘ ืฉืžืชื‘ื˜ื ื‘ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™, ื”ื›ืคืจ ื”ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™.
01:07
But take a closer look and youโ€™ll still find
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ืื‘ืœ ืชืกืชื›ืœ ืžืงืจื•ื‘ ื•ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืชืžืฆื
01:09
people around the world with a slow
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ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืขื
01:12
connection or no internetย  at all. In this programme
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ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืื™ื˜ื™ ืื• ืœืœื ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ื‘ื›ืœืœ. ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื–ื•
01:16
weโ€™ll be finding out how some communities
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ื ื’ืœื” ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช ืžืกื•ื™ืžื•ืช
01:18
are working together to fix their internet
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ืขื•ื‘ื“ื•ืช ื™ื—ื“ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืชืงืŸ ืืช
01:21
connection problems for the benefit of local
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ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืฉืœื”ื ืœืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืช
01:23
people. And, of course, weโ€™ll be learning some
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ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ื™ื. ื•ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ื ืœืžื“
01:26
new vocabulary too.
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ื’ื ืื•ืฆืจ ืžื™ืœื™ื ื—ื“ืฉ.
01:28
But before that I have a question for you, Sam.
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ืื‘ืœ ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ืฉืืœื” ืืœื™ืš, ืกื.
01:30
Weโ€™ve been talking about the early days of the
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ื“ื™ื‘ืจื ื• ืขืœ ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ
01:33
internet, but do you know the name of the first
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ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜, ืื‘ืœ ื”ืื ืืชื” ื™ื•ื“ืข ืืช ืฉืžื• ืฉืœ
01:35
ever internet browser, the engine for searching
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ื“ืคื“ืคืŸ ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืื™ ืคืขื, ื”ืžื ื•ืข ืœื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ
01:38
websites? Was it:
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ืืชืจื™ ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜? ื”ืื ื–ื” ื”ื™ื”:
01:40
a) Ask Jeeves?
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ื) ืฉืืœ ืืช ื’'ื™ื‘ืก?
01:42
b) WorldWideWeb?
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ื‘) WorldWideWeb?
01:44
c) Yahoo?
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ื’) ื™ืื”ื•?
01:46
Iโ€™ll guess it was c) Yahoo.
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ืื ื™ ืžื ื™ื— ืฉื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื’) ื™ืื”ื•.
01:48
OK, Sam. Weโ€™ll find out the answer later.
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ื‘ืกื“ืจ, ืกื. ืืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื ื’ืœื” ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš.
01:51
You might think its people living in the most
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ืืชื” ืื•ืœื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืื ืฉื™ื” ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช
01:53
remote and isolated places with the greatest
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ื”ืžืจื•ื—ืงื™ื ื•ื”ืžื‘ื•ื“ื“ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขื ื”ืงื•ืฉื™ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ
01:56
difficulty getting online, but thatโ€™s not always
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ืœื”ืชื—ื‘ืจ ืœืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜, ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืœื ืชืžื™ื“
01:59
true. Even here in the UKย  people struggle to connect,
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ื ื›ื•ืŸ. ืืคื™ืœื• ื›ืืŸ ื‘ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื” ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืชืงืฉื™ื ืœื”ืชื—ื‘ืจ,
02:03
including BBC radio listener, Katie, who
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ื›ื•ืœืœ ืžืื–ื™ื ืช ื”ืจื“ื™ื• ืฉืœ BBC, ืงื™ื™ื˜ื™, ืฉื”ืกื‘ื™ืจื” ืืช
02:06
explained her problem to BBC World Service
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ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ืฉืœื” ืœืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช BBC World Service
02:08
programme, Digital Planet:
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, Digital Planet:
02:10
Hi, Iโ€™m Katie. I live in Dorset in England.
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ื”ื™ื™, ืื ื™ ืงื™ื™ื˜ื™. ืื ื™ ื’ืจ ื‘ื“ื•ืจืกื˜ ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ื”.
02:14
Our internet can be quite spasmodic here,
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ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ืฉืœื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื“ื™ ืขื•ื•ื™ืช ื›ืืŸ,
02:17
and I think that thatโ€™s due to most of our
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ื•ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื–ื” ื ื•ื‘ืข ืžื›ืš ืฉืจื•ื‘
02:20
underground cabling is very old and somewhat
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ื”ื›ื‘ืœื™ื ื”ืชืช-ืงืจืงืขื™ื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ื™ืฉื ื™ื ืžืื•ื“ ื•ืงืฆืช
02:23
dodgy, tatty, and needs replacing.
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ืžืคื•ืงืคืงื™ื, ืžืจื•ืคื˜ื™ื ื•ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื—ืœื™ืฃ.
02:26
Katie lives in Dorset, a rural part of south-west
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ืงื™ื™ื˜ื™ ื’ืจื” ื‘ื“ื•ืจืกื˜, ื—ืœืง ื›ืคืจื™ ื‘ื“ืจื•ื ืžืขืจื‘
02:29
England. She describes her internet connection
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ืื ื’ืœื™ื”. ื”ื™ื ืžืชืืจืช โ€‹โ€‹ืืช ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ืฉืœื”
02:32
as spasmodic โ€“ suddenly working but only for
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ื›ืขื•ื•ื™ืช - ืคืชืื•ื ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืื‘ืœ ืจืง
02:36
a short time and not in a regular way.
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ืœื–ืžืŸ ืงืฆืจ ื•ืœื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืงื‘ื•ืข.
02:39
She thinks this is because her internet cables
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ื”ื™ื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉื–ื” ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื›ื‘ืœื™ ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ืฉืœื”
02:41
are dodgy, slang for bad or untrustworthy.
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ืžืคื•ืงืคืงื™ื, ืกืœื ื’ ืœืจืข ืื• ืœื ืžื”ื™ืžืŸ.
02:45
A dodgy internet connection might be irritating,
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ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ืžืคื•ืงืคืง ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืขืฆื‘ืŸ,
02:48
but in other parts of the world the consequences
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื—ืœืงื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืช
02:51
can be more serious. Aamer Hayat is farmer who
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ืขืœื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื—ืžื•ืจื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ. ืขืืžืจ ื—ื™ื™ื˜ ื”ื•ื ื—ืงืœืื™ ืฉื—ื™
02:55
lives in the Pakistaniย  Punjab, one of the countryโ€™s
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ื‘ืคื ื’'ืื‘ ื”ืคืงื™ืกื˜ื ื™ืช , ืื—ื“
02:58
most fertile regions, but also one of the least
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ื”ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ื”ืคื•ืจื™ื™ื ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืื‘ืœ ื’ื ืื—ื“ ื”ืคื—ื•ืช
03:01
connected. His village is a three-hour drive
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ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจื™ื. ื”ื›ืคืจ ืฉืœื• ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืžืจื—ืง ืฉืœ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืฉืขื•ืช ื ืกื™ืขื”
03:05
from the nearest town, and he canโ€™t make a
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ืžื”ืขื™ืจ ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ื”, ื•ื”ื•ื ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื‘ืฆืข
03:07
phone call, even with 2G.
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ืฉื™ื—ืช ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ, ืืคื™ืœื• ืขื 2G.
03:10
For Aamer, basic weather information like
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ืขื‘ื•ืจ Aamer, ืžื™ื“ืข ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ ืขืœ ืžื–ื’ ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ื›ืžื•
03:12
knowing when rain is coming can mean the
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ืœื“ืขืช ืžืชื™ ืžื’ื™ืข ื’ืฉื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช
03:14
difference between hisย  crops succeeding or failing.
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ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื‘ื•ืœื™ื ืฉืœื• ืœื”ืฆืœื™ื— ืื• ืœื”ื™ื›ืฉืœ.
03:18
Without the internet he doesnโ€™t have a reliable
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ื‘ืœื™ ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืœื•
03:21
weather report, so the villagers decided to
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ื“ื•"ื— ืžื–ื’ ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ืืžื™ืŸ, ืื– ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ ื”ื›ืคืจ ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื•
03:24
build their own fifty-metre-high telephone
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ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืžื’ื“ืœ ืฉื™ื“ื•ืจ ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ืžืฉืœื”ื ื‘ื’ื•ื‘ื” ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ื ืžื˜ืจื™ื
03:26
transmission tower, linking a network of five
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, ืฉื™ืงืฉืจ ืจืฉืช ืฉืœ ื—ืžื™ืฉื”
03:29
villages to the internet. Here is Aamer talking
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ื›ืคืจื™ื ืœืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜. ื”ื ื” Aamer ืžื“ื‘ืจ
03:33
to BBC World Service programme, Digital Planetโ€ฆ
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ืขื ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช BBC World Service, Digital Planet...
03:36
We used to do conventional farming like just
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ื ื”ื’ื ื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื—ืงืœืื•ืช ืงื•ื ื‘ื ืฆื™ื•ื ืœื™ืช ื›ืžื• ืจืง
03:39
getting information from word-of-mouth.
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ืœืงื‘ืœ ืžื™ื“ืข ืžืคื” ืœืื•ื–ืŸ.
03:41
Now, Iโ€™m using the latest technologies to have
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ื›ืขืช, ืื ื™ ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื”ืขื“ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื‘ืœ
03:45
gadgets available with us and taking information
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ื’ืื“ื’'ื˜ื™ื ื–ืžื™ื ื™ื ืื™ืชื ื• ื•ืœืงื—ืช ืžื™ื“ืข
03:48
right from the horseโ€™s mouth through internet
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ื™ืฉืจ ืžืคื™ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืกื•ืก ื“ืจืš ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜
03:51
and the technology we have in our hands.
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ื•ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื™ื.
03:53
So, this is what Iโ€™m doing in my farm practices.
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ืื– ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ืขื•ืฉื” ื‘ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ื•ื” ืฉืœื™.
03:57
Before the community-built tower brought the
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ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื”ืžื’ื“ืœ ืฉื ื‘ื ื” ื‘ืงื”ื™ืœื” ื”ื‘ื™ื ืืช
03:59
internet to his village, Aamer got his weather
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ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ืœื›ืคืจ ืฉืœื•, ืขืืžืจ ืงื™ื‘ืœ ืืช ื“ื•"ื— ืžื–ื’ ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ืฉืœื• ืžืคื”
04:02
report by word-of-mouth - information passed
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ืœืื•ื–ืŸ - ืžื™ื“ืข ืฉื”ืขื‘ื™ืจื•
04:05
on by people telling each other.
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ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืกื™ืคืจื• ื–ื” ืœื–ื”.
04:07
Now, thereโ€™s stable internet that works thanks
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ื›ืขืช, ื™ืฉ ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ื™ืฆื™ื‘ ืฉืขื•ื‘ื“ ื”ื•ื“ื•ืช
04:10
to a tower high enough to pick up a telephone
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ืœืžื’ื“ืœ ื’ื‘ื•ื” ืžืกืคื™ืง ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงืœื•ื˜ ืื•ืช ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ
04:12
signal which it then sends into the villages via
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ืฉื”ื•ื ืฉื•ืœื— ืœื›ืคืจื™ื ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช
04:15
solar-powered receivers โ€“ a type of gadget,
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ืžืงืœื˜ื™ื ืกื•ืœืืจื™ื™ื - ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ื’ืื“ื’'ื˜,
04:18
meaning a small, electronic device which
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ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ืงื˜ืŸ, ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ื ื™
04:20
does something useful.
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ืฉืขื•ืฉื” ืžืฉื”ื• ืžื•ืขื™ืœ.
04:22
This means Aamer now gets his weather report
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ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืฉืืืžืจ ืžืงื‘ืœ ื›ืขืช ืืช ื“ื•ื— ืžื–ื’ ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ืฉืœื•
04:25
straight from the horse's mouth, an idiom meaning
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ื™ืฉืจ ืžืคื™ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืกื•ืก, ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื ื™ื‘
04:28
from a reliable source, or from someone who
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ืžืžืงื•ืจ ืืžื™ืŸ, ืื• ืžืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืฉื™ื•ื“ืข ืขืœ
04:31
knows what theyโ€™re talking about. The internet
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ืžื” ื”ื ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื. ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜
04:34
brings reliable climatic information, which
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ืžื‘ื™ื ืžื™ื“ืข ืืงืœื™ืžื™ ืืžื™ืŸ, ืฉืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื•
04:37
means a good harvest not just for Aamer and
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ื™ื‘ื•ืœ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœื ืจืง ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืขืืžืจ ื•ืžืฉืคื—ืชื•
04:40
his family, but for all the families living in the
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, ืืœื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›ืœ ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ื”ืžืชื’ื•ืจืจื•ืช
04:43
five connected villages.
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ื‘ื—ืžืฉืช ื”ื›ืคืจื™ื ื”ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจื™ื.
04:45
Itโ€™s a great example of community action, and
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ื–ื• ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืžืฆื•ื™ื ืช ืœืคืขื•ืœื” ืงื”ื™ืœืชื™ืช, ื•ืœืื ืฉื™ื
04:48
of people looking after each other โ€“ something
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ืฉืฉื•ืžืจื™ื ื–ื” ืขืœ ื–ื” - ืžืฉื”ื•
04:50
which may have been lostย  since the early, idealistic
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ืฉืื•ืœื™ ืื‘ื“ ืžืื– ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื”ืื™ื“ื™ืืœื™ื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื
04:53
days of the internet. And speaking of the early
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ืฉืœ ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜. ื•ืื ื›ื‘ืจ ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ
04:56
internet, itโ€™s time to answer my question.
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ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ื”ืžื•ืงื“ื, ื”ื’ื™ืข ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืœืขื ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืฉืืœื” ืฉืœื™.
04:58
Remember, I asked you for the name of the
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ื–ื›ื•ืจ, ื‘ื™ืงืฉืชื™ ืžืžืš ืืช ื”ืฉื ืฉืœ
05:01
very first internet browser.
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ื“ืคื“ืคืŸ ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ.
05:03
I guessed it was c) Yahoo. So, was I right?
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ื ื™ื—ืฉืชื™ ืฉื–ื” ื’) ื™ืื”ื•. ืื–, ืฆื“ืงืชื™?
05:06
You wereโ€ฆ wrong, Iโ€™m afraid, Sam. Way back before
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ื˜ืขื™ืช, ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉืฉ, ืกื. ืขื•ื“ ืœืคื ื™
05:10
Google, the first internet browser was called the
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ื’ื•ื’ืœ, ื“ืคื“ืคืŸ ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื ืงืจื
05:12
WorldWideWeb - invented by none other than
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WorldWideWeb - ืฉื”ื•ืžืฆื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืœื ืื—ืจ ืžืืฉืจ
05:15
cyber legend, Tim Berners-Lee, who, I think,
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ืื’ื“ืช ื”ืกื™ื™ื‘ืจ, ื˜ื™ื ื‘ืจื ืจืก-ืœื™, ืฉืœื“ืขืชื™
05:18
would be pleased to hear about Aamerโ€™s
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ื™ืฉืžื— ืœืฉืžื•ืข ืขืœ
05:20
community internet.
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ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ื”ืงื”ื™ืœืชื™ ืฉืœ Aamer.
05:21
Yes. Right, letโ€™s recap the vocabulary weโ€™ve
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ื›ืŸ. ื ื›ื•ืŸ, ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืกื›ื ืืช ืื•ืฆืจ ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื
05:24
learnt about internet connections between
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ืฉืœืžื“ื ื• ืขืœ ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ื‘ื™ืŸ
05:27
people living at a physical distance in the
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ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืžืจื—ืง ืคื™ื–ื™
05:30
modern world, something described as the
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ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™, ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืžืชื•ืืจ ื›ื›ืคืจ
05:32
global village.
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ื”ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™.
05:34
If your internet is spasmodic, itโ€™s irregular,
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ืื ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ืฉืœืš ืขื•ื•ื™ืช, ื”ื•ื ืœื ืกื“ื™ืจ,
05:37
stopping then suddenly working for a short time.
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ืžืคืกื™ืง ื•ืื– ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืคืชืื•ื ืœื–ืžืŸ ืงืฆืจ.
05:40
In other words, itโ€™s dodgy, a slang word meaning
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ื‘ืžื™ืœื™ื ืื—ืจื•ืช, ื–ื” ืžืคื•ืงืคืง, ืžื™ืœืช ืกืœื ื’ ืฉืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื”
05:43
bad or unreliable
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ืจืข ืื• ืœื ืืžื™ืŸ
05:45
If you know something by word-of-mouth, itโ€™s been
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ืื ืืชื” ื™ื•ื“ืข ืžืฉื”ื• ืžืคื” ืœืื•ื–ืŸ, ื–ื”
05:48
passed verbally from person to person. Whereas if
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ื”ื•ืขื‘ืจ ืžื™ืœื•ืœื™ืช ืžืื“ื ืœืื“ื. ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉืื
05:51
you hear it from the horseโ€™sย  mouth, itโ€™s come directly
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ืืชื” ืฉื•ืžืข ืืช ื–ื” ืžืคื™ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืกื•ืก , ื–ื” ื‘ื ื™ืฉื™ืจื•ืช
05:54
from a reliable source of information.
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ืžืžืงื•ืจ ืžื™ื“ืข ืืžื™ืŸ.
05:56
And finally, a gadget isย  a small, electronic device
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ื•ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ, ื’ืื“ื’'ื˜ ื”ื•ื ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ืงื˜ืŸ, ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ื ื™
05:59
with a useful purpose. Once again our six minutes
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ืขื ืžื˜ืจื” ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื™ืช. ืฉื•ื‘ ื ื’ืžืจื• ืฉืฉ ื”ื“ืงื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•
06:02
are up. Bye for now!
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. ืœื”ืชืจืื•ืช ื‘ื™ื ืชื™ื™ื!
06:04
Bye!
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ื‘ื™ื™!
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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