Can VR treat fears and phobias? - 6 Minute English

60,868 views ใƒป 2022-05-13

BBC Learning English


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ. ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืžืชื•ืจื’ืžื•ืช ืžืชื•ืจื’ืžื•ืช ื‘ืžื›ื•ื ื”.

00:02
Hello.
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ืฉืœื•ื.
00:08
This is 6 Minute
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ื–ื•ื”ื™ 6 ื“ืงื•ืช
00:09
English from BBC Learning
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ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืžื‘ื™ืช BBC Learning
00:11
English.
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English.
00:12
I'm Rob.
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ืื ื™ ืจื•ื‘.
00:13
And I'm Sam.
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ื•ืื ื™ ืกื.
00:14
Here at 6
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ื›ืืŸ ื‘-6
00:15
Minute English, we love
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ื“ืงื•ืช ืื ื’ืœื™ืช, ืื ื—ื ื• ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื
00:16
to chat about new
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ืœืฉื•ื—ื— ืขืœ
00:17
technology.
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ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื—ื“ืฉื”.
00:18
One of our
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ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื ื•ืฉืื™ื
00:19
favourite topics is VR
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ื”ืื”ื•ื‘ื™ื ืขืœื™ื ื• ื”ื•ื VR
00:20
or virtual reality, and
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ืื• ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืžื“ื•ืžื”, ื•ื”ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ืŸ
00:21
the ways it's shaping
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ื”ื•ื ืžืขืฆื‘ ืืช
00:23
life in the future.
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ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืขืชื™ื“.
00:25
VR allows you to put
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VR ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœืš
00:26
on a headset and escape
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ืœืฉื™ื ืื•ื–ื ื™ื•ืช ื•ืœื‘ืจื•ื—
00:28
into a completely
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00:29
different world.
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ืœืขื•ืœื ืื—ืจ ืœื’ืžืจื™.
00:30
In this
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ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื–ื•
00:31
programme, we'll be
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, ืื ื•
00:32
hearing about some of
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ื ืฉืžืข ืขืœ ื›ืžื” ืžื”ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ืŸ
00:33
the ways VR is tackling
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VR ืžืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื
00:34
serious problems like
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ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื—ืžื•ืจื•ืช ื›ืžื•
00:35
domestic violence, and
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ืืœื™ืžื•ืช ื‘ืžืฉืคื—ื”, ื•ืขื•ื–ืจ
00:37
helping people overcome
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ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืœื”ืชื’ื‘ืจ ืขืœ
00:38
phobias - the strong
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ืคื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช -
00:40
and irrational fear of
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ื”ืคื—ื“ ื”ื—ื–ืง ื•ื”ื‘ืœืชื™ ืจืฆื™ื•ื ืœื™
00:41
something.
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ืžืžืฉื”ื•.
00:42
And, of course,
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ื•ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ,
00:43
we'll be learning some
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ื ืœืžื“ ื›ืžื” ืื•ืฆืจ
00:44
useful related vocabulary
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ืžื™ืœื™ื ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื™
00:46
along the way.
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ืœืื•ืจืš ื”ื“ืจืš.
00:47
People who use VR often
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ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘-VR ืœืจื•ื‘
00:48
describe the experience
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ืžืชืืจื™ื ืืช ื”ื—ื•ื•ื™ื”
00:50
as intense.
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ื›ืื™ื ื˜ื ืกื™ื‘ื™ืช.
00:51
Putting on
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ื”ื ื—ืช
00:52
the headset makes you
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ื”ืื•ื–ื ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืจืžืช ืœืš
00:53
feel you're really
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ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ืฉืืชื” ื‘ืืžืช
00:54
there, in whatever new
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ืฉื, ื‘ื›ืœ
00:55
world you've chosen.
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ืขื•ืœื ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉื‘ื—ืจืช.
00:57
And it's this intensity
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ื•ื‘ืขื•ืฆืžื” ื”ื–ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื
00:59
that inventors,
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ืžืžืฆื™ืื™ื,
01:00
scientists and therapists
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ืžื“ืขื ื™ื ื•ืžื˜ืคืœื™ื
01:02
are using to help people
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœืื ืฉื™ื
01:03
overcome their problems.
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ืœื”ืชื’ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื.
01:05
We'll hear more soon,
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ื ืฉืžืข ืขื•ื“ ื‘ืงืจื•ื‘,
01:07
but first I have a
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ืื‘ืœ ืงื•ื“ื ื™ืฉ ืœื™
01:08
question for you, Sam.
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ืฉืืœื” ืืœื™ืš, ืกืื.
01:09
One of the phobias VR
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ืื—ืช ื”ืคื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืฉ-VR
01:11
can help with is the
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ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ื‘ื”ืŸ ื”ื™ื
01:12
fear of heights - but
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ืคื—ื“ ื’ื‘ื”ื™ื - ืื‘ืœ
01:14
what is the proper
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ืžื” ื”ืฉื ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ
01:15
name for this
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01:16
psychological disorder?
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ืœื”ืคืจืขื” ื”ืคืกื™ื›ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ื”ื–ื•?
01:17
Is the fear of heights
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ื”ืื ืคื—ื“ ื’ื‘ื”ื™ื
01:18
called: a) alektorophobia?
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ื ืงืจื: ื) ืืœืงื˜ื•ืจื•ืคื•ื‘ื™ื”?
01:21
b) arachnophobia?
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ื‘) ืืจื›ื ื•ืคื•ื‘ื™ื”?
01:23
or
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ืื•
01:24
c) acrophobia?
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ื’) ืืงืจื•ืคื•ื‘ื™ื”?
01:25
I'll say a) alektorophobia.
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ืื ื™ ืื’ื™ื“ ื) ืืœืงื˜ื•ืจื•ืคื•ื‘ื™ื”.
01:27
OK, Sam.
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ื‘ืกื“ืจ, ืกื. ืืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”
01:28
We'll find out
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ื ื’ืœื”
01:29
the answer at the
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01:30
end of the programme.
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ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช.
01:31
Now, if like me, you're
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืื ื›ืžื•ื ื™, ืืชื
01:33
not very good with
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ืœื ืžืžืฉ ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื
01:35
heights, you'll be
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ื‘ื’ื‘ื”ื™ื,
01:36
happy to know that
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ืชืฉืžื—ื• ืœื“ืขืช
01:37
a company called Oxford
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ืฉื—ื‘ืจื” ื‘ืฉื Oxford
01:38
VR has designed a
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VR ืขื™ืฆื‘ื”
01:40
system to help with
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ืžืขืจื›ืช ืฉืชืขื–ื•ืจ
01:41
precisely that problem.
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ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื‘ื‘ืขื™ื” ื”ื–ื•.
01:43
In the safety of your
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ื‘ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช
01:44
own home, you put
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ื”ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืœืš, ืืชื”
01:46
on a headset and
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ืฉื ืื•ื–ื ื™ื•ืช ื•ืžื•ื“ืจืš
01:47
are guided through
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01:48
a series of tasks
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ื‘ืกื“ืจื” ืฉืœ ืžืฉื™ืžื•ืช
01:49
moving you higher
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ืฉืžื ื™ืขื•ืช ืื•ืชืš ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ
01:50
and higher off
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ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ
01:51
the ground.
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ืžื”ืงืจืงืข.
01:52
You
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ืืชื”
01:53
start by taking an
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ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ืœืขืœื•ืช
01:54
elevator to the
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ื‘ืžืขืœื™ืช
01:55
top floor of tall
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ืœืงื•ืžื” ื”ืขืœื™ื•ื ื” ืฉืœ
01:56
building and move
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ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื•ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ
01:57
on harder challenges,
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ืืชื’ืจื™ื ืงืฉื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ,
01:59
like climbing a rope.
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ื›ืžื• ื˜ื™ืคื•ืก ืขืœ ื—ื‘ืœ.
02:00
Daniel Freeman is a
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ื“ื ื™ืืœ ืคืจื™ืžืŸ ื”ื•ื
02:02
professor of clinical
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ืคืจื•ืคืกื•ืจ
02:03
psychology at Oxford
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ืœืคืกื™ื›ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืงืœื™ื ื™ืช ื‘ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ืื•ืงืกืคื•ืจื“
02:05
University.
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.
02:06
Listen as
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ื”ืงืฉื™ื‘ื• ื›ืฉื”ื•ื
02:07
he explains how the
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ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ื›ื™ืฆื“
02:08
VR experience works to
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ืคื•ืขืœืช ื—ื•ื•ื™ืช ื”-VR ืœืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช
02:10
BBC World Service
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BBC World Service
02:11
programme, People
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, People
02:12
Fixing the World.
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Fixing the World.
02:14
Even though you're
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ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉืืชื”
02:15
consciously aware it's
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ืžื•ื“ืข ื‘ืžื•ื“ืข ืฉื–ื•
02:16
a simulation, it
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ืกื™ืžื•ืœืฆื™ื”, ื–ื”
02:17
doesn't stop all your
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ืœื ืขื•ืฆืจ ืืช ื›ืœ
02:18
habitual reactions to
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ื”ืชื’ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืจื’ื™ืœื•ืช ืฉืœืš
02:20
heights happening, and
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ืœื’ื‘ื”ื™ื ืœื”ืชืจื—ืฉ,
02:21
that's really important,
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ื•ื–ื” ื‘ืืžืช ื—ืฉื•ื‘,
02:22
and that's why it's got
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ื•ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื–ื” ื™ืฉ ืœื–ื”
02:23
such a potential to be
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ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœ ื›ื–ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช
02:24
therapeutic.
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ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™.
02:25
The art
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ื”ืื•ืžื ื•ืช
02:26
of successful therapy,
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ืฉืœ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืžื•ืฆืœื—,
02:27
and what you can do
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ื•ืžื” ืฉืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžืžืฉ ืžืžืฉ
02:28
really, really well
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ื˜ื•ื‘
02:29
in VR, is enable
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ื‘-VR, ื”ื™ื ืœืืคืฉืจ
02:30
someone to drop
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ืœืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืœื”ืคื™ืœ ืืช
02:31
those defences, and
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ื”ื”ื’ื ื•ืช ื”ืืœื”, ื•ื‘-
02:32
in VR a person is
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VR ืื“ื
02:33
more able to drop
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ืžืกื•ื’ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื”ืคื™ืœ
02:34
them because they
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ืื•ืชืŸ ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื
02:35
know there's no
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ื™ื•ื“ืข ืฉืื™ืŸ
02:36
real height there.
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ืฉื ื’ื•ื‘ื” ืืžื™ืชื™.
02:37
Although the VR
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ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื—ื•ื•ื™ืช ื”-VR
02:38
experience seems
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ื ืจืื™ืช
02:39
real, the person
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ืืžื™ืชื™ืช, ื”ืื“ื
02:40
using it knows it's
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ืฉืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื” ื™ื•ื“ืข ืฉื–ื•
02:41
only a simulation -
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ืจืง ืกื™ืžื•ืœืฆื™ื” -
02:42
a pretend copy of
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ืขื•ืชืง ืžืขืžื™ื“ ืคื ื™ื ืฉืœ
02:44
the real thing.
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ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืืžื™ืชื™.
02:45
This gives them
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ื–ื” ื ื•ืชืŸ ืœื”ื
02:46
confidence to go
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ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข
02:47
higher, knowing they
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ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื‘ื™ื“ื™ืขื” ืฉื”ื
02:48
can't really get hurt.
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ืœื ื‘ืืžืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ืคื’ืข.
02:50
But although it's
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ืื‘ืœ ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื–ื”
02:51
simulated, the
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ืžื“ื•ืžื”,
02:52
experience is real
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ื”ื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ืืžื™ืชื™ืช
02:53
enough to trick your
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ืžืกืคื™ืง ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืขืจื™ื ืขืœ
02:54
mind into acting
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ื”ืžื•ื— ืฉืœืš ืœืคืขื•ืœ
02:56
in its habitual way -
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ื‘ื“ืจื›ื” ื”ืจื’ื™ืœื” -
02:57
the way it usually,
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ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ื™ื ื‘ื“ืจืš
02:58
typically works.
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ื›ืœืœ ืขื•ื‘ื“ืช.
03:00
Although your brain
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ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื”ืžื•ื— ืฉืœืš
03:01
knows you have both
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ื™ื•ื“ืข ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืš ืฉืชื™
03:02
feet on the ground,
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ืจื’ืœื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืงืจืงืข,
03:03
VR is so realistic
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VR ื”ื•ื ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืžืฆื™ืื•ืชื™
03:04
that to complete the
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ืฉื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฉืœื™ื ืืช
03:05
tasks you have to
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ื”ืžืฉื™ืžื•ืช ืืชื” ืฆืจื™ืš
03:06
drop your defences,
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ืœื”ื•ืจื™ื“ ืืช ื”ื”ื’ื ื•ืช ืฉืœืš,
03:08
a phrase meaning to
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ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ืฉืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื•
03:09
relax and trust people
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ืœื”ื™ืจื’ืข ื•ืœืกืžื•ืš ืขืœ ืื ืฉื™ื
03:11
by lowering the
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ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื•ืจื“ืช
03:12
psychological barriers
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ื”ืžื—ืกื•ืžื™ื ื”ืคืกื™ื›ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื™ื
03:13
you have built to
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ืฉื‘ื ื™ืช ื›ื“ื™
03:14
protect yourself.
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ืœื”ื’ืŸ ืขืœ ืขืฆืžืš. ื—ื•ื•ื™ื™ืช
03:15
Oxford VR's 'Fear of
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'ืคื—ื“ ื’ื‘ื”ื™ื' ืฉืœ ืื•ืงืกืคื•ืจื“ VR
03:17
Heights' experience
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03:19
uses VR to put people
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ืžืฉืชืžืฉืช ื‘-VR ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื›ื ื™ืก ืื ืฉื™ื
03:21
into another world,
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ืœืขื•ืœื ืื—ืจ,
03:22
but the next project
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ื”ื‘ื ืฉื ืฉืžืข
03:23
we'll hear about
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ืขืœื™ื•
03:24
takes things even
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ืœื•ืงื— ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขื•ื“
03:26
further - putting
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ื™ื•ืชืจ ืจื—ื•ืง - ื”ื›ื ืกืช
03:27
people into someone
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ืื ืฉื™ื ืœื’ื•ืฃ
03:28
else's body.
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ืฉืœ ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืื—ืจ.
03:30
In Barcelona, a VR
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ื‘ื‘ืจืฆืœื•ื ื”, ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื”ื“ืžื™ื™ืช VR
03:31
simulation is being
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03:32
used in prisons to make
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ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ื”ื›ืœื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื’ืจื•ื
03:34
men convicted of
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ืœื’ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื”ื•ืจืฉืขื•
03:35
domestic violence aware
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ื‘ืืœื™ืžื•ืช ื‘ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื“ืขื™ื ืœืชื—ื•ืฉืช
03:37
of what it feels like
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ื”ืชื—ื•ืฉื”
03:38
to be in the position
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ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขืžื“ื”
03:39
of their victims.
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ืฉืœ ื”ืงื•ืจื‘ื ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื.
03:41
The project, called
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ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜, ืฉื ืงืจื
03:43
'virtual embodiment', is
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'ื”ืชื’ืœืžื•ืช ื•ื™ืจื˜ื•ืืœื™ืช',
03:44
led by neuroscientist,
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ืžื•ื‘ืœ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื“ืขืŸ ื”ืžื•ื—,
03:46
Mavi Sanchez-Vives, of
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Mavi Sanchez-Vives,
03:48
Barcelona's Institute
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ืžื”ืžื›ื•ืŸ ืœืžื—ืงืจ
03:49
for Biomedical Research.
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ื‘ื™ื•-ืจืคื•ืื™ ืฉืœ ื‘ืจืฆืœื•ื ื”.
03:51
In a virtual world we
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ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื•ื™ืจื˜ื•ืืœื™ ืื ื—ื ื•
03:54
can be someone different
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ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืื—ืจ
03:56
and have a first-person
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ื•ื‘ืขืœ ื ืงื•ื“ืช
03:58
embodied perspective
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ืžื‘ื˜ ืžื’ื•ืœืžืช ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืžื ืงื•ื“ืช
03:59
from the point-of-view,
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ืžื‘ื˜,
04:01
for example, of a
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ืœืžืฉืœ, ืฉืœ
04:03
different person,
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ืื“ื ืื—ืจ,
04:04
different gender,
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ืžื’ื“ืจ ืื—ืจ,
04:05
different age.
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ื’ื™ืœ ืฉื•ื ื”.
04:07
One can
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ืืคืฉืจ
04:08
go through different
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ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ
04:09
situations and have
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ืกื™ื˜ื•ืืฆื™ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื•ืœื”ืชื ืกื•ืช
04:10
the experience from
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ืžื ืงื•ื“ืช
04:11
this totally
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04:12
novel perspective.
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ืžื‘ื˜ ื—ื“ืฉื” ืœื’ืžืจื™ ื–ื•.
04:14
Many of the prisoners
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ืœืจื‘ื™ื ืžื”ืืกื™ืจื™ื
04:15
lack empathy for their
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ืื™ืŸ ืืžืคืชื™ื” ืœืงื•ืจื‘ื ื•ืชื™ื”ื
04:17
victims.
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.
04:18
'Virtual
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'
04:19
embodiment' works by
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ื”ืชื’ืœืžื•ืช ื•ื™ืจื˜ื•ืืœื™ืช' ืคื•ืขืœืช ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื”ื™ื
04:20
giving these men the
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ืžืขื ื™ืงื” ืœื’ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ืืช
04:21
experience of abuse in
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ื—ื•ื•ื™ื™ืช ื”ื”ืชืขืœืœื•ืช ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ
04:23
the first-person - from
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ืจืืฉื•ืŸ -
04:24
the perspective of
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ืžื ืงื•ื“ืช ืžื‘ื˜ื• ืฉืœ
04:25
someone who actually
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ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืฉื—ื•ื•ื”
04:27
experiences an event
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ืื™ืจื•ืข ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ
04:28
in person.
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ืื™ืฉื™.
04:29
In VR, the men have
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ื‘-VR, ื”ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ืกื•ื‘ืœื™ื
04:30
the insults and abuse
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ืžื”ืขืœื‘ื•ื ื•ืช ื•ื”ื”ืชืขืœืœื•ืช
04:31
they gave to others
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ืฉื”ื ื ืชื ื• ืœืื—ืจื™ื
04:33
turned back on them.
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.
04:34
It's a novel - a new
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ื–ื” ืจื•ืžืŸ - ื—ื“ืฉ
04:35
and original - experience
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ื•ืžืงื•ืจื™ - ื—ื•ื•ื™ื”
04:37
for them, and not a
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ืขื‘ื•ืจื, ื•ื’ื ืœื
04:38
pleasant one either.
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ื ืขื™ืžื”.
04:40
But the VR therapy
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ืื‘ืœ ื ืจืื” ืฉื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘-VR
04:41
seems to be working,
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ืขื•ื‘ื“,
04:42
and Dr Sanchez-Vives
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ื•ื“"ืจ ืกืื ืฆ'ื–-ื•ื•ื™ื‘ืก
04:44
reports more and
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ืžื“ื•ื•ื— ืฉื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ
04:45
more of the prisoners
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ืžื”ืืกื™ืจื™ื
04:46
successfully
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04:47
reintegrating into
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ืžืฉืชืœื‘ื™ื ืžื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ื”ืฆืœื—ื”
04:48
their communities after
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ื‘ืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื ืœืื—ืจ
04:49
their release
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ืฉื—ืจื•ืจื
04:50
from prison.
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ืžื”ื›ืœื.
04:51
The experience VR
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ื”ื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ืฉ-VR
04:52
creates of seeing
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ื™ื•ืฆืจ ืฉืœ ืจืื™ื™ืช
04:53
things from someone
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ื“ื‘ืจื™ื
04:54
else's point-of-view can
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ืžื ืงื•ื“ืช ื”ืžื‘ื˜ ืฉืœ ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืื—ืจ ื™ื›ื•ืœื”
04:56
be therapeutic, even
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ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ืช, ืืคื™ืœื•
04:57
for serious problems.
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ืœื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื—ืžื•ืจื•ืช.
04:59
And speaking of
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ื•ืื ื›ื‘ืจ ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ
05:00
problems, what was
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ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช, ืžื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื”
05:01
the answer to your
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ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”
05:02
question, Rob?
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ืœืฉืืœืชืš, ืจื•ื‘?
05:03
I asked Sam whether
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ืฉืืœืชื™ ืืช ืกื ื”ืื
05:05
the correct name
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ื”ืฉื ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ
05:06
for the fear of
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ืœืคื—ื“
05:07
heights was
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ื’ื‘ื”ื™ื ื”ื•ื
05:08
alektorophobia,
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ืืœืงื˜ื•ืจื•ืคื•ื‘ื™ื”,
05:09
arachnophobia, or
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ืืจื›ื ื•ืคื•ื‘ื™ื” ืื•
05:10
acrophobia?
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ืืงืจื•ืคื•ื‘ื™ื”?
05:11
I guessed it
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ื ื™ื—ืฉืชื™ ืฉื–ื•
05:13
was alektorophobia.
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ืืœืงื˜ื•ืจื•ืคื•ื‘ื™ื”.
05:15
Which was the wrong
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ืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื”ืœื ื ื›ื•ื ื”
05:16
answer.
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.
05:17
Alektorophobia
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ืืœืงื˜ื•ืจื•ืคื•ื‘ื™ื”
05:18
is the fear of chickens!
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ื”ื™ื ื”ืคื—ื“ ืžืชืจื ื’ื•ืœื•ืช!
05:19
The correct answer was
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ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื”
05:20
c) acrophobia - a fear
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ื’) ืืงืจื•ืคื•ื‘ื™ื” - ืคื—ื“
05:22
of heights, and a good
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ื’ื‘ื”ื™ื, ื•ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื”
05:24
example of a phobia.
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ืœืคื•ื‘ื™ื”.
05:26
Let's recap the rest
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ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืกื›ื ืืช ืฉืืจ ืื•ืฆืจ
05:27
of the vocabulary we've
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ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื
05:29
learned, starting with
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ืฉืœืžื“ื ื•, ื”ื—ืœ
05:30
simulation - a pretend
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ืžืกื™ืžื•ืœืฆื™ื” -
05:32
copy of something that
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ืขื•ืชืง ืžืขืžื™ื“ ืคื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื ืจืื”
05:33
looks real but is not.
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ืืžื™ืชื™ ืื‘ืœ ืœื.
05:35
Habitual describes the
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ื”ืจื’ืœ ืžืชืืจ ืืช
05:36
usual, typical way
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ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ืจื’ื™ืœื” ื•ื”ืื•ืคื™ื™ื ื™ืช
05:37
something works.
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ืฉืžืฉื”ื• ืขื•ื‘ื“.
05:38
The phrase 'drop your
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ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ "ื”ื•ืจื“ ืืช
05:40
defences' means to
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ื”ื”ื’ื ื•ืช ืฉืœืš" ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื•
05:41
relax and trust
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ืœื”ื™ืจื’ืข ื•ืœืกืžื•ืš ืขืœ
05:43
something by lowering
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ืžืฉื”ื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื•ืจื“ืช ื”ืžื—ืกื•ืžื™ื
05:44
your psychological
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ื”ืคืกื™ื›ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื™ื ืฉืœืš
05:45
barriers.
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.
05:46
In the first-person means
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ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื•
05:48
talking about something
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ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืžืฉื”ื•
05:49
from the perspective
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ืžื ืงื•ื“ืช ื”ืžื‘ื˜
05:50
of the person who
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ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื
05:51
actually experienced
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ืฉื‘ืืžืช ื—ื•ื•ื”
05:52
an event themselves.
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ืื™ืจื•ืข ื‘ืขืฆืžื•.
05:54
And finally, the
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ื•ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ,
05:55
adjective novel means
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ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ืจื•ืžืŸ ื”ืชื•ืืจ
05:56
completely new and
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ื—ื“ืฉ ื•ืžืงื•ืจื™ ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ
05:57
original, unlike anything
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, ืฉืœื ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืงืจื”
05:59
that has happened before.
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ืงื•ื“ื ืœื›ืŸ.
06:00
Well, once again, our
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืฉื•ื‘,
06:02
six minutes are really -
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ืฉืฉ ื”ื“ืงื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ืืžืช -
06:03
and virtually - over!
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ื•ืœืžืขืฉื” - ื ื’ืžืจื•!
06:05
Goodbye for now!
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ืœื”ืชืจืื•ืช ืœื‘ื™ื ืชื™ื™ื!
06:08
Bye!
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ื‘ื™ื™!
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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